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Virtually, all large-scale family surveys in the United States and Europe have yielded a positive view of family ties in contemporary societies. The present study examines whether surveys like these are affected by selective nonresponse. Are people with negative family ties less likely to participate in surveys, and if so, to what extent does this yield a biased descriptive view of family solidarity? Using a novel multiactor design with matched register data, we examine the determinants of nonresponse of the parents of adult children aged 25–45 in the Netherlands. Our analysis reveals significant effects of the strength of parent–child ties on parental nonresponse, especially for fathers. Moreover, we find negative effects of divorce on father’s participation and this effect is stronger when family ties are weak. While these findings support the hypothesis of selective nonresponse, the magnitude of the effects is small and descriptive findings on family ties change only modestly when correcting for selective nonresponse.

This study draws on panel data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey ( N = 1,128) to examine whether and how family and friends living close-by are associated with individuals’ interneighborhood residential mobility. Additional analyses tap into why individuals’ proportion of nearby kin and friends are linked to their mobility. The results suggest that individuals’ perceptions of their neighborhood are patterned by whether or not they have family—and to a lesser extent friends—who live locally. The absence of nearby family is associated with leaving the neighborhood, but the direct effects do not hold for nearby friends. However, the role of friends does become important in the absence of family ties. The results also indicate that having nearby friends moderates the relationship between neighborhood satisfaction and moving away.

Research Question/IssueThis study investigates the impact of family governance, including founder directors and their ties to family members on the board, on the social performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs), a special kind of social enterprise with dual objectives.Research Findings/InsightsUsing a dataset of 735 MFIs operating in Bangladesh from 2007 to 2017, we find that founder directors and board members with family ties to the founder have an adverse impact on MFIs' social performance. These findings hold when we perform several robustness tests and endogeneity tests.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe contribute to the corporate governance literature on MFIs and social enterprises in two ways. First, our findings suggest that, when MFIs are confronted with dual performance objectives, founder directors may “trade off” social outcomes in favor of economic outcomes and therefore adversely affect MFIs' social performance. Second, our findings extend the literature by showing that the presence of board members with family ties to founder directors also adversely affects MFIs' social performance.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study suggests that MFIs' board composition influences their governance and ability to oversee their social and financial performance effectively. If MFIs' social performance is a major concern of national policy makers, then regulation should be put in place to limit board recruitment with family ties.

Resumo Mudanças legislativas em relação à adoção vêm trazendo importantes repercussões para a compreensão do instituto. Neste artigo, temos como objetivo discutir especificidades da entrega voluntária de uma criança para adoção, no contexto da Justiça, e as motivações de demanda posterior da genitora para a viabilização de um reencontro. Problematizamos a amplitude do direito de acesso às origens, assegurado em lei aos adotados, a partir do entrelaçamento das temáticas entrega e reencontro, procurando compreender essas experiências pela perspectiva da genitora. Este trabalho parte de um caso paradigmático, atendido em uma Vara da Infância, Juventude e Idoso no estado do Rio de Janeiro, que culminou com o contato, mediado pelo Poder Judiciário, entre a adotada e sua genitora, por iniciativa desta. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, no qual foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada com a genitora, quatro anos após o acolhimento de seu pedido à Justiça. Os dados obtidos na entrevista foram analisados por meio do método de análise de conteúdo, em sua vertente categorial, resultando em duas categorias: entrega em adoção e segredos; reencontro: motivações e trajetórias. Constatamos a ausência de publicações brasileiras sobre a temática do reencontro, apontando que o assunto ainda é um tabu. Identificamos que, após o reencontro com a filha, foi possível à genitora uma transformação de si mesma, favorecendo o rompimento do segredo da entrega e de parte de sua história. Assinalamos a necessidade de mais pesquisas, incluindo-se a possibilidade da inserção do Judiciário na mediação dessas demandas. Abstract Legislative changes related to adoption have brought important repercussions for understanding its regulations. In this article, we aim to discuss the peculiarities of a voluntary relinquishment of a child for adoption, in the context of justice, and the motivations of subsequent demand from the birth mother to set a reunion. We problematize the dimension of the right to access origins, guaranteed by law to adoptees, based on the intertwining of the themes voluntary relinquishment and reunion, seeking to understand these experiences from the perspective of the biological mother. This work is based on a paradigmatic case, attended at a Juvenile Court in the State of Rio de Janeiro, that culminated on the reunion of the adopted and her birth mother, at the initiative of the latter, mediated by the Judiciary. This is a qualitative study, in which we interviewed the biological mother, four years after her legal requirement. The data obtained in the interview were analyzed using the content analysis method, in its categorical aspect, resulting in two categories: voluntary relinquishment in adoption and secrets; reunion: motivations and trajectories. We concluded the absence of Brazilian studies about the theme of reunion, pointing out that the subject still as a taboo. We identified that, after the reunion with the daughter, it was possible for the biological mother to modify herself, favoring the breaking of the secret about the relinquishment and of part of her story. We point out the need of more research, including the possibility of inserting the Judiciary as a mediator for such demands. Resumen Los cambios legislativos respecto a la adopción han tenido importantes repercusiones en la comprensión de la materia. Este artículo pretende discutir los detalles de la entrega espontánea de un niño para adopción, en el contexto de la Justicia, y las motivaciones de la posterior demanda de la madre biológica para hacer factible un reencuentro. Se problematiza la amplitud del derecho de acceso a los orígenes, garantizado por la ley a los adoptados, a partir del entrelazamiento de los temas entrega y reencuentro, analizando estas experiencias desde la perspectiva de la madre biológica. Este trabajo parte de un caso paradigmático que se llevó a cabo en un Juzgado de la Infancia, Juventud y Persona Mayor del Estado de Río de Janeiro y que culminó en el contacto entre la adoptada y su madre, por iniciativa de esta última, mediado por el Poder Judicial. Este estudio cualitativo realizó una entrevista semiestructurada con la madre biológica cuatro años después de su solicitud a la Justicia. A los datos obtenidos en la entrevista se aplicaron el método de análisis de contenido en su vertiente categórica, en el cual surgieron dos categorías: entrega en adopción y secretos; reencuentro: motivaciones y trayectorias. Se encontró que la falta de estudios brasileños sobre reencuentro apunta a que el concepto del sujeto todavía es un tabú. Se constató que luego del encuentro la madre biológica pasó por una autotransformación, lo que favoreció la ruptura del secreto sobre la entrega y parte de su historia. Es necesario realizar más investigaciones sobre el tema, incluida la posibilidad de insertar al Poder Judicial como mediador de tales demandas.

When long-distance couples start living together, the decision about where to co-reside has important repercussions, as long-distance moves often lead to the loss of local ties. Drawing on Danish population register data on long-distance opposite-sex couples and cross-classified multi-level statistical analyses, we explore each partner's share in the total distance moved at the start of their co-residence. We examine the influence of local ties to family and gender asymmetries. Our findings indicate that women tend to bridge the larger share of the distance when moving into co-residence. Living close to non-resident children, parents or siblings and having resident children lower one's share in the total distance moved. Men's local ties to non-resident family have more influence than women's, while women's resident children seem to exert more influence. Our results suggest that traditional gender patterns shape couples' decision-making about where to live together and who migrates the greater share of the distance.

Purpose: This paper sought to verify the influence of family structure on the performance of family companies listed in Brazil between 2010 and 2017. We also analyzed the impact of monitoring and duality on the performance of these companies. Originality/value: The relevance of the study is found mainly in the use of unusual variables, such as the participation of founders and descendants as shareholders, on the boards of directors, and as chief executive officers (CEOs), since it was not possible to identify any study in Brazil that addressed family participation in a fragmented way, separating the effects caused by founders and descendants, giving greater depth to the issue. In addition, it generates interest to the most varied audiences, including shareholders, regulators, analysts, and investors who have a specific interest in how family structures affect the performance of companies. Design/methodology/approach: Data related to shareholders, composition of the boards of directors, executives, family ties, founding families, founders, descendants, and financial performance were used in the research. An unbalanced data panel was analyzed through the generalized method of moments (GMM). Findings: A positive effect of monitoring and duality on the firms’ performance was verified. The impact of family structure on performance was ambiguous. Founders and descendants that were CEOs or were working in management had positive and negative effects on the performance measures. Additionally, the participation of founders on the board of directors negatively impacted the performance. Finally, it was observed that family ownership positively impacts the firms’ performance, suggesting that families look after the companies. Resumo Objetivo: Este artigo buscou verificar a influência da estrutura familiar no desempenho de companhias familiares listadas no Brasil entre 2010 e 2017. Também se analisou o impacto do monitoramento e da dualidade no desempenho dessas empresas. Originalidade/valor: A relevância do estudo encontra-se principalmente na utilização de variáveis inusitadas, como a participação de fundadores e descendentes como acionistas, nos conselhos de administração e como chief executive officers (CEOs), pois não foi possível identificar nenhum estudo no Brasil que tratasse dessa participação de forma fragmentada, separando os efeitos causados por fundadores e descendentes, dando maior profundidade ao tema. Além disso, o estudo desperta interesse dos mais variados públicos, abrangendo acionistas, reguladores, analistas e investidores que tenham interesse específico em como as estruturas familiares afetam o desempenho das companhias. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Na pesquisa, foram utilizados dados relativos a acionistas, composição do conselho de administração, executivos, vínculos familiares, famílias fundadoras, fundadores, descendentes e desempenho financeiro. Um painel de dados não balanceado foi analisado por meio do método dos momentos generalizados (generalized method of moments - GMM). Resultados: Verificou-se um efeito positivo do monitoramento e da dualidade no desempenho das empresas. O impacto da estrutura familiar no desempenho foi ambíguo. Fundadores e descendentes que eram CEOs ou atuavam na gestão tiveram efeitos positivos e negativos nas medidas de desempenho. Adicionalmente, a participação dos fundadores no conselho de administração impactou negativamente o desempenho. Por fim, observou-se que a propriedade familiar impacta positivamente o desempenho das empresas, sugerindo que as famílias cuidam das empresas.

Very little is known about how Black Americans living in low-resourced communities define and maintain wellbeing. Utilizing a culturally tailored research design, we explored the phenomenon of wellbeing as it resonated with the lived experiences of our informants (N = 35). Using a thematic analysis, we found that existing conceptualizations and theorizing of wellbeing did not consistently emerge from our data. First, we noted paradoxical tensions between descriptions of wellbeing as indicated by the participants (e.g., being alive and having a pain-free life) and the Western, Eurocentric views evidenced in the wellbeing literature. Second, participants identified intergenerational family ties and community networks as ways that foster wellbeing. These findings suggest that we can no longer delimit and apply existing views in theorizing and measuring wellbeing. Our findings elucidated the mindsets, relationships, activities, and practices that define and foster wellbeing among Black Americans living in low-resourced communities.

Why do similar economic and political institutions function differently in various cultures? Do cultural traits, differences in individualism versus collectivism, have a causal impact on economic behavior and development? This article presents a recent survey of the literature on the relationship between culture, institutions, and economic growth. On the one hand, part of the literature indicates that there is a one-way causality from culture to institutions and economic performance. On the other hand, there is an extensive literature that has established causality from institutions to economic growth and culture. However, a growing body of empirical research demonstrates that culture and institutions interact in two ways and complement each other affecting long-term growth. Research documents cultural variables affecting a great deal of economic activity and institutions across the world. Recent dominant discourse on the role of the individualism-collectivism cleavage in the determination of the wealth of nations has attempted to examine the positive effects of individualism rather than collectivism. This paper shows that the advantages of collectivism have been rarely researched within economic literature. Taking into account collectivism can shed light on various puzzles in economics, such as solving collective action problems.

This research verified the influence of gender diversity on the performance of listed companies in Brazil. Additionally, it was analyzed whether the existence of family connections between female directors and executives and their colleagues affected the firms’ performance. Data from 2010 to 2017 were used, analyzed with the generalized method of moments. Results showed that less than 8% of seats on boards of directors and executive positions were held by women. It was confirmed that greater female participation on boards of directors and on executive positions leads to an increase on the performance of firms. However, the effect of the participation of female directors and executives who had family connections with their colleagues was negative, opening space for discussion. Esta pesquisa verificou a influência da diversidade de gênero no desempenho de empresas listadas no Brasil. Adicionalmente, foi analisado se a existência de laços familiares entre conselheiras e executivas e seus colegas afetava o desempenho das firmas. Utilizou-se dados de 2010 a 2017, analisados pelo método de momentos generalizados. Os resultados mostraram que menos de 8% dos assentos nos conselhos de administração e em cargos executivos eram ocupados por mulheres. Confirmou-se que uma maior participação feminina nos conselhos de administração e em cargos executivos leva ao aumento no desempenho das firmas. Entretanto, o efeito da participação de conselheiras e executivas que apresentaram laços familiares com seus colegas foi negativo, abrindo espaço para discussão. Esta investigación verificó la influencia de la diversidad de género en el desempeño de empresas cotizadas en Brasil. Adicionalmente, se analizó si la existencia de vínculos familiares entre directoras y ejecutivas y sus colegas afectaba el desempeño de las empresas. Se utilizaron datos de 2010 a 2017, analizados por el método de momentos generalizados. Resultados mostraron que menos del 8% de los puestos en juntas directivas y puestos ejecutivos estaban ocupados por mujeres. Se constató que mayor participación femenina en consejos de administración y en cargos ejecutivos conlleva un incremento en el desempeño de las empresas. Sin embargo, el efecto de la participación de consejeras y ejecutivas que tenían vínculos familiares con sus colegas fue negativo, abriendo espacios de discusión.

Protective and risk factors in families in a situation of rights violation is a tool in which the criteria of professionals are combined with that of families to identify strengths and weaknesses of families in order to diagnose the situation. family and community. This research aims to prevent, preserve, strengthen or reestablish family ties to avoid unnecessary separation of the child or adolescent from their family and community environment, the methodology implemented was quantitative in nature, Non-experimental study of cross-sectional temporality in which the general factors parental competencies and family safety were analyzed, which were collected through the application of the weighting sheet of protective and risk factors based on the North Carolina Family Assessment Scale, finding clear strengths, an important presence of serious and moderate problems in the specific factors assessed. Through this research, it was possible to obtain a general result for the implementation of family psychotherapeutic intervention plans to address the serious and moderate problems found in this research, obtaining a favorable upbringing that avoids the unnecessary separation of children and adolescents from their environment, an important presence of serious and moderate problems in the specific factors assessed. Through this research, it was possible to obtain a general result for the implementation of family psychotherapeutic intervention plans to address the serious and moderate problems found in this research, obtaining a favorable upbringing that avoids the unnecessary separation of children and adolescents from their environment, an important presence of serious and moderate problems in the specific factors assessed. Through this research, it was possible to obtain a general result for the implementation of family psychotherapeutic intervention plans to address the serious and moderate problems found in this research, obtaining a favorable upbringing that avoids the unnecessary separation of children and adolescents from their environment. Keywords: Parental competencies; family safety; protective and risk factors.

RESUMEN Para describir los signos que se pueden encontrar en una autopsia, cuya causa demuerte es asfixia por ahorcadura o por estrangulamiento; se desarrolló esta revisiónteórica, en la que se incluyeron 26 publicaciones, desde 2010 hasta la actualidad. Elahorcamiento, es una de las principales formas de suicidio, más frecuente entre loshombres; mientras que el estrangulamiento, ocurre más entre las mujeres; y su victimario suele tener vínculos amorosos o familiares con esta. El conocimiento de los signosexternos e internos en ambas causas de muerte, resulta de vital importancia para elmédico forense.

Cadre de la recherche : La pandémie de la COVID-19 et les mesures restrictives de distanciation physique et de confinement ont affecté les liens sociaux et familiaux. Ces contraintes ont obligé les personnes à repenser leurs relations familiales et de couple, la gestion des temps familiaux et professionnels, leurs relations intergénérationnelles, ainsi que les transitions de vie. Exacerbant les tensions de la vie conjugale et familiale ou renforçant ces liens, cette pandémie a offert aussi l’occasion de réfléchir à de nouvelles stratégies du vivre ensemble.Objectifs : Cet article introductif propose un tour d’horizon des effets et des conséquences de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les familles et leurs membres.Méthodologie : Cet article s’appuie sur une revue de littérature de diverses disciplines en sciences sociales.Résultats : Des éclairages partiels ont été apportés sur les questions suivantes : Quels effets a eu la pandémie sur les différentes configurations familiales et leurs membres ? Comment les familles ont-elles géré les conséquences économiques de la pandémie? Quelles ont été les réverbérations des mesures sanitaires mises en place pour contrer les contagions de la pandémie sur le couple, les enfants, les relations intergénérationnelles et la santé mentale ? Comment les rites mortuaires et les processus de deuil ont-ils été affectés ?Conclusion : Cet article contribue à montrer, au-delà des épreuves individuelles et sociales résultant de la COVID-19, l’émergence de nouvelles solidarités, familiales et générationnelles, ainsi que les stratégies d’adaptation et de résilience développées pendant cette pandémie.Contribution : Tout au long de l’histoire, les sociétés ont été confrontées à des épidémies qui ont entrainé des répercussions sur toutes les sphères de la vie. La pandémie de la COVID-19 notamment, a permis de relever à nouveau l’importance, la fragilité et la force des liens sociaux et familiaux et les défis du vivre ensemble dans ces conditions., Research Framework : The COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictive measures issued, such as physical distancing and lockdown, have affected social and family ties. These constraints have forced people to reexamine their family and conjugal relationship, the management of family and professional time, their intergenerational connections, and life transitions. Either exacerbating the tensions on conjugal and family life or strengthening these links, this pandemic has also provided an opportunity to explore on new strategies for living together. Objectives : This article offers an overview of the effects and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on families and their members. Methodology : This article is based on a literature review from various social science disciplines. Results : Partial insights were provided on the following questions: What effects did the pandemic have on families and family members? How did families manage the pandemic’s economic consequences? What were the repercussions of health measures that were put in place to counter the spread of COVID-19 on couples, children, intergenerational relationships, and mental health? How were mortuary rites and mourning processes affected? Conclusion : This article contributes, beyond the individual and social hardships resulting from COVID-19, to show familial – generational and community – solidarity and resiliency that have emerged, as well as the ways in which families and their members have coped and organized themselves during the pandemic. Contribution: Throughout history, societies have been confronted with epidemics that have affected all spheres of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has once again highlighted the importance, fragility and strength of the social and family ties, along with the challenges of living together., Marco de investigación: La pandemia de COVID-19 y las medidas restrictivas de distanciamiento físico y confinamiento afectan los vínculos sociales y familiares. Estas limitaciones obligan a las personas a replantearse sus relaciones familiares y de pareja, la gestión del tiempo familiar y profesional, sus relaciones intergeneracionales y las transiciones vitales. Ya sea al exacerbar las tensiones de la vida conyugal y familiar o al reforzar estos vínculos, esta pandemia ofrece también la oportunidad de reflexionar sobre nuevas estrategias de convivencia. Objetivos: Este artículo introductorio ofrece una visión general de los efectos y consecuencias de la pandemia de COVID-19 en las familias y sus miembros. Metodología: Este artículo se basa en una revisión bibliográfica de diversas disciplinas de las ciencias sociales. Resultados: Se aportaron conocimientos parciales sobre las siguientes cuestiones: ¿Qué efectos tuvo la pandemia en las familias y sus miembros? ¿Cómo afrontaron las familias las consecuencias económicas de la pandemia? ¿Cuáles fueron las repercusiones de las medidas sanitarias implementadas para contrarrestar los contagios de la pandemia en las parejas, los niños, las relaciones intergeneracionales y la salud mental? ¿Cómo vivieron el proceso de duelo los afectados por la muerte de un ser querido? Conclusión : Este artículo contribuye a mostrar, más allá de las dificultades individuales y sociales resultantes del COVID-19, las nuevas solidaridades y resiliencias familiares, generacionales y comunitarias que han surgido, y las formas de funcionamiento y organización de las familias y sus miembros. Contribución: A lo largo de la historia, las sociedades se han enfrentado a epidemias que han afectado todas las esferas de la vida. La pandemia de COVID-19, en particular, ha servido para poner de manifiesto una vez más la importancia, la fragilidad y la fuerza de los vínculos sociales y familiares, y los retos de la convivencia.

Linked lives, recognizing the interdependent nature of lives, is one of the principles of the life course perspective, particularly appraised in the context of family and intergenerational relation...

Genomics methods and the results of genomic research are widely used in many areas of human activity. However, the rapid development of technologies leads to the fact that legal regulation does not take into account all their opportunities and risks. Thus, in recent years, the so-called direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DCGT), a type of genetic testing performed at the initiative of the consumer and for his personal purposes, has become widespread. The range of issues that the tests touch on is very wide: from the origin and family ties determination to recommendations for choosing an occupation and hobbies. In Russia, this industry is currently rapidly developing. At the same time, there is no legal regulation of the industry. The paper examines the foreign experience of DCGT services regulation. The authors show significant influence of the concept of "genetic exclusivity" on the legislation regulating this industry. However, the integrity of approaches to the regulation and the depth of consideration of controversial issues vary greatly. For the United States—the leader in both the number of companies providing DCGT services and the number of their clients—a self-regulation strategy remains the most characteristic one (at least until recently). Countries such as France, Germany, and Israel have adopted the tough stance against DCGTs, effectively prohibiting genetic testing without prescription. This is preconditioned by both the objective shortcomings of genetic tests and the originality of the historical past and social structure of these countries. We believe that the optimal way for Russia is self-regulation with the provision of the broadest and most objective information about the possibilities and limitations of DCGT on the part of professional communities (geneticists, bioethics specialists).

This study tested how family ties and religiosity, two extended elements of ingroup assortative sociality, would predict group-level COVID-19 severity in the U.S. and how COVID-19 threat would predict ingroup assortative sociality at a weekly level. Multilevel models which analyzed the state-level archival (e.g., religious participation) and Google trends data (e.g., marriage for family ties; prayer for religiosity) on ingroup assortative sociality showed that religious search volume (from 2004 to 2019) significantly and negatively predicted COVID-19 severity (i.e., shorter time delay of first documented cases, shorter overall doubling times, higher reproductive ratio and higher case fatality ratio) across states (Study 1a) and counties (Study 1b) while search volume for family ties only significantly and negatively predicted county-level COVID-19 severity. Multilevel analyses also found that weekly COVID-19 severity weakly predicted weekly search volume of marriage and religion (Study 2a), but when COVID-19 threat was in the collective consciousness in a given week (i.e., Google search volume for coronavirus within 52 weeks), collective levels of ingroup assortative sociality increased from the previous week (Study 2b). Evidence across studies suggested that religiosity, compared with family ties, could serve a more important role for the U.S. people during the deadly pandemic.

El presente trabajo de investigación busca mejorar la convivencia armónica de los estudiantes del octavo grado a través del fortaleciendo de su desarrollo humano integral. Para conseguirlo, se propuso un programa de convivencia armónica para contribuir al enriquecimiento de los conocimientos básicos en valores, aplicación y mejora del comportamiento y lazos familiares. Para esto, se determinaron las actividades a desarrollarse conjuntamente con charlas, talleres, apoyo psicológico. Todo esto ha beneficiado positivamente a las relaciones interpersonales, comportamiento, trabajo en equipo dentro del salón de clases y fuera del mismo. Este estudio posee un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo aplicativo, correlacional, transversal debido a su alcance temporal y diseño no experimental. Como instrumentos se aplicó un cuestionario donde se incluyó las dos variables y la observación a una muestra de 30 estudiantes, que es el total de la población considerada. Posteriormente se aplicó el análisis descriptivo, estadístico; donde se evidenció que el desarrollo humano integral incide sobre la convivencia armónica ya que existe una correlación de 0,681**, considerada muy alta en el nivel 0,01 bilateral entre las variables estudiadas, bajo la aplicación de la prueba no paramétrica Rho de Spearman. Es decir, a medida que una variable aumente la otra también lo hará.

Replication files to Mirjam M. Fischer and Matthijs Kalmijn (2020). Do Adult Men and Women in Same-Sex Relationships Have Weaker Ties to Their Parents? Journal of Family Psychology http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/fam0000696 Using a national sample of people in same-sex relationships (N = 843) and different-sex relationships (N = 510) in the Netherlands, we examine the frequently discussed but infrequently tested hypothesis of weaker intergenerational ties between parents and their adult daughters and sons in same-sex relationships. We also test hypotheses linking the strength of these ties to gender differences and the liberal or traditional views held by the parents when the child was growing up (reported retrospectively). Overall, we find few differences in the strength of the current parent– child relationship but clear differences in the process of leaving home. Our findings show that people who are in same-sex relationships in adulthood left home earlier and moved further away from their parents than those in different-sex relationships. In addition, they left more often due to conflicts at home and due to an unpleasant atmosphere in the community of origin, and less often to move in directly with a partner. In adulthood, people in same-sex relationships show many commonalities with people in different-sex relationships and only a few differences. Men in same-sex relationships have more ambivalent relationships with their mothers and weaker relationships with their fathers than men partnered with women. When the parental home was more traditional in terms of gendered role division in parenting, the current relationship of women in same-sex relationships with their father is on average weaker in adulthood. Women in same-sex relationships also have less frequent contact with both parents compared to women in different-sex relationships.

This thesis investigates the work of Castiel Vitorino Brasileiro, Aline Motta and Juliana dos Santos, three contemporary Brazilian artists who are proposing different ways of looking at the past while also addressing the interlocking forms of oppression at work in the present. Through their collaborations with relatives and ancestors, in which photography plays a crucial role, the artists reflect on the colonial trauma of over three centuries of genocide, slavery and colonization in Brazil. However, I argue that they go beyond that, proposing a way of reimagining frameworks of kinship as a form of redress. By articulating new lines of descent that constitute a (re)membering of those fragmented narratives that remain in the archives, I contend that the artists are addressing present structural, everyday racism while also performing and expanding the possibilities of inhabiting the future. In establishing a relation between their artistic practices, this thesis analyzes the ways they appeal to personal and collective memories brought to the foreground in family photographic records to conceive paths towards repairing, or at least naming, the wounds inflicted by the forms of class, gender and race violence that continue to plague the country. Moreover, this text reveals how their works invite a rearrangement of our perception of time and contribute to a critique of linear temporality, evincing the falseness of any narrative of the past as single, stable and flowing in only one direction. My research is guided by questions such as: How can photography serve as a medium of fabulation and of imagining family ties across time and space? If photographs help constitute a family’s affective archive, how can these intergenerational dialogues become a form of thinking about the future and inventing new lines of filiation? Furthermore, how can these gestures signal the way, if not toward healing, towards an ever-incomplete practice of redress?

The notion of residential settlement associated with the acquisition of new citizenship has been recently challenged by a number of studies highlighting its instrumentality as a subsequent mobility factor. The long and diverse history of Switzerland as a country of immigration and the availability of rich data on naturalization and international migration that allow individuals to be followed over time make this country a valuable case for investigating the impact of naturalization on international (return or onward) migration. Using longitudinal data, we follow 88,900 immigrants who entered the country between 1998 and 2000 over a period of 84 months between January 2011 and December 2017, documenting changes in naturalization status and in migratory movements and their direction. Using different implementations of a Cox proportional hazards model, we examine whether and under what conditions the international migration behaviour of naturalized persons differs from that of non-naturalized persons. Our results show that the population accessing naturalization tends to be less mobile, but also that among third-country nationals, naturalization can trigger further international mobility, in particular among those with poor economic performance and with no family ties in Switzerland.

Building on ideas of Halbwachs and others regarding how families shape collective memory, we argue that known family connections to past events serve as salience cues. Due to kin preference (humans’ tendency to empathize with family members more than strangers), awareness that a relative participated in a specific past event increases its visibility, moral relevance, and emotional resonance, compared to that of the vast number of other historical occurrences, with intuitive consequences for whether and how the event is remembered in the present. We illustrate this effect of known family connections to the past by analyzing whether and how contemporary Russians recall a controversial episode from the Soviet period: Stalin’s repressions of the 1930s. We use qualitative data from focus groups and unusually detailed survey data, collected in 2010, to illustrate this property of recognized family connections to a past mass trauma. We also propose four distinct components of perceptions of past events: awareness, knowledge, importance, and moral valence. Our findings confirm the strong influence of known family ties to victims, which exhibit more consistent connections to memories of the repressions than do other factors, although family socialization through childhood discussions, cohort differences, education, and exposure to official narratives also matter.

In order to detect changes in social connectivity, we examined evolutions in the personal network structure by analyzing over-time trends in the composition of the population’s core discussion networks on four cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys between 1997 and 2015, in the era of post-communism, in Hungary. There has been a very significant change; in fact, a reversal of trends regarding the composition of the core discussion networks (CDNs) concerning kin and non-kin ties over the past decades. Our data suggest that friendship ties gained more importance. There seems to be a generation-specific aspect of the change: young people include family ties less often than older people and this effect strengthens over time. Women still have a higher ratio of kin ties compared to men and this effect does not change significantly during the analyzed period.

We construct a database linking European royal kinship networks, monarchies, and wars to study the effect of family ties on conflict. To establish causality, we exploit decreases in connection caused by apolitical deaths of rulers’ mutual relatives. These deaths are associated with substantial increases in the frequency and duration of war. We provide evidence that these deaths affect conflict only through changing the kinship network. Over our period of interest, the percentage of European monarchs with kinship ties increased threefold. Together, these findings help explain the well-documented decrease in European war frequency. (JEL D74, N33, N34, N43, N44, Z12, Z13)

Using microsatellite markers, the genetic diversity, family ties, and genetic drift were studied in three breeds and seven populations of wool (fleece-bearing) goats of Central and Middle Asia. The parameters of allelic and genetic diversity of indigenous populations of Mongolian goats (Gurvan Egch, Darkhat, Burakh Zavkhan, Ulgiy Uulan, Altai Uulan), two populations of local Tuvan goats, Soviet and Tajik wool breeds of goat, and Orenburg fleece-bearing goat were obtained. Using a principal component analysis, two main groups of goats were detected, in one of which mainly Mongolian native populations are united, while in the other are Middle Asian breeds of goats. The populations of Tuvan local goat were divided between the appropriate groups. At the same time, Mongolian goats were characterized by a high intrapopulation diversity and a fairly low level of genetic differences between the populations. Data obtained indicate the existence of a correlation of genetic relations between the considered populations and breeds of fleece-bearing goats and their geographical distribution.

The study of diasporas has been given relatively little attention by Indonesian scholars. A likely reason is the high cost of funding diaspora research in the host countries, motivating scholars to instead focus on other, less resource-intensive topics. Although the significance of this research on the Indonesian diaspora may not be immediately evident, its importance lies in how Indonesians maintain their nationalism when living overseas. Two problems particularly felt by them are homesickness and anxiety. Using an ethnographic approach, this research therefore sought to highlight how the Indonesian diaspora based in Canberra, Australia, make social bonds with each other. These bonds serve to make Canberra a second home for Indonesians, especially students and their families, permanent residents, and even naturalised citizens who have Indonesian backgrounds. A main finding was that there are various senses of Indonesianess between groups in the Canberra-based diaspora. While students are much more likely to maintain a feeling of nationalism due to scholarship policies, other groups in the diaspora, such as permanent residents and naturalised citizens, appear to hold onto their Indonesianess less tightly. Although they still engage with Indonesia, they view the country more critically, including on sensitive issues that are labelled as taboo in Indonesia. Despite the existence of these two different conceptions of Indonesianess, Canberra is their home away from home in Australia. These results consequently aid in our understanding of the significance of family ties to shaping most Asian diaspora communities living abroad.

This study aims to gather information about the principal's strategy and program for enhancing the quality of learning at SD IT Nurul Ishlah Banda Aceh . The researchers employed a descriptive method in conjunction with a qualitative analysis approach to address the study's difficulties and objectives. It relates to the consideration of data described in the context of the research site's reality. Interview guidelines and observation sheets were utilized as instruments. The Miles and Huberman model was used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that the principal's strategy for improving the quality of learning is based on planning, specifically on developing school programmes that adhere to eight educational standards and three quality standards established by the Integrated Islamic School Network (JSIT). It also needs to build the capacity of teachers and staff to improve the quality of learning, conduct coaching and self-development activities for students, and create an atmosphere of learning based on Ukhuwah Islamiah/family ties in Islam.

This article considers works of the early Timurid historiography: the Zafar-name, the Shams al-Husn, and the Muntakhab al-Tavarikh-i Mu‘ini. The Zafar-name played an important role in the formation of the Timurid historiography. The first official work on the history of the formation of the Timurid state was created. The historical work the Shams al-Husn was mainly written based on personal observations of Khoja Taj al-Din Salmani. The author, being the court secretary and being in the retinue of Ulugbek, was a witness and participant in many events described by him. The Muntakhab al-Tavarikh-i Mu’ini contains numerous information about the structure of uluses, about the structure of the Turkic and Mongolian troops. The author in the work provides original information about the use of Mongolian and Turkic terms. The historical works of Nizam al-Din Shami, Khoja Taj al-Din Salmani, and Mu‘in al-Din Natanzi are in Persian and represent important sources on the history of Kazakhstan of the 13th – the beginning of the 15th centuries. The political, economic, and family ties between Chingizids and Timurids predefined the special interest of Timurid historians for the description of Desht-i Kipchak and Ulus of Chingizids. The historical works of Timurid historiographers provide information from written sources that have not survived to this day. This research has been funded by the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP08856086). Keywords: History of Kazakhstan, Timurid historiography, Nizam al-Din Shami, Khoja Taj al-Din Salmani, Mu‘in al-Din Natanzi.

Son numerosos los estudios que a lo largo de los últimos años han corroborado la idoneidad del enfoque de los Fondos de Conocimiento (FdC) para el trabajo con familias en riesgo de exclusión. Desde esta perspectiva, una de las claves para la mejora de la inclusión del alumnado perteneciente a tales estratos es el establecimiento de estrategias que favorezcan los vínculos entre las vidas de los estudiantes y la institución escolar. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar algunos de los resultados obtenidos a partir del trabajo con un grupo de infantes gitanos/as en el marco de un programa de intervención de carácter socio-educativo llevado a cabo en la ciudad de Pontevedra (Galicia). Con la finalidad de adentrarnos en sus experiencias vitales, y con ello, descubrir sus propios Fondos de Conocimiento e Identidad, nos hemos inspirado en el uso de técnicas como la autobiográfica extendida (Esteban-Guitart, 2012), que nos permitieron reiterar la importancia de la agencia y los lazos familiares en el desarrollo educativo de los niños y niñas gitanos, así como el descubrimiento de determinados elementos culturales que podrían servir como herramientas para el diseño, por parte del profesorado, de Unidades Didácticas y/o contenidos curriculares culturalmente congruentes There is a large number of studies that over the last few years have corroborated the appropriateness of the Funds of Knowledge (FoK) approach when working with families at risk of exclusion. From this perspective, one of the keys to improving the inclusion of students in such strata is the establishment of strategies that favor the links between the students’ lives and the school. The purpose of this article is to present some of the results obtained from working with a group of Roma children within the framework of a socio-educational intervention program carried out in the city of Pontevedra (Galicia). In order to go deep into their life experiences, and thereby discover their own Funds of Knowledge and Identity, we have been inspired by the use of techniques such as extended autobiographical (Esteban-Guitart, 2012), which allowed us to reiterate the importance of their own agency and the establishment of family ties in the educational development of Roma children, as well as the discovery of certain cultural elements that could serve as tools for the design, by teachers, of didactic units and/or culturally congruent curricular content SI

RESUMEN Con el propósito de contribuir al avance de las elaboraciones conceptuales con respecto a la mediación transformativa en el ámbito familiar, ponemos a consideración de los lectores este escrito que introduce, a manera de novedad, el concepto de vulnerabilidad como cualidad propia de la condición humana y que, para el caso de la familia, ubicaría en condición desventajosa a algunos de sus integrantes. No obstante, queremos mostrar como resultado que, si se cumplen cabalmente los pilares de la revalorización y el reconocimiento del otro, en la línea de rebasar la visión individualista con la que se ha venido ejerciendo la negociación de los conflictos, podrían lograrse resultados que, además de preservar la unidad y la armonía de la familia, minimizarían el dolor, el sufrimiento y el daño en las situaciones de crisis. La investigación estuvo orientada con el método cualitativo mediante el estudio de caso múltiple y se utilizaron las técnicas de la observación, la entrevista y los encuentros de mediación. La mediación transformativa se presenta como la oportunidad para que cada parte en conflicto pueda tener una mejor comprensión de sí misma y de la otra y, por ende, facilite asumir decisiones que mejoren las relaciones de familia. Se concluye que una cosa es que el conflicto cualifique la relación que identifica a los miembros de una familia, y otra muy distinta, generalmente mal entendida, es la vulnerabilidad que los distingue como protagonistas en dicha relación. ABSTRACT With the purpose of contributing to the advancement of conceptual elaborations regarding transformative mediation in the family sphere, we present this writing to the readers’ consideration, which introduces, as a novelty, the concept of vulnerability as a quality characteristic to the human condition, and regarding family, would place some of its members in a disadvantageous condition, however, we want to show as a result that if the pillars of revaluation and recognition of the other are fully met, in line with exceeding the individualistic vision with which the conflict negotiation has been carried out, results could be achieved that, in addition to preserving the unity and harmony of the family, would minimize pain, suffering and damage in crisis situations. The research was oriented with the qualitative method through the multiple-case study and the observation, interview and mediation encounters techniques were used. Transformative mediation is presented as the opportunity for each party in conflict to have a better understanding of themselves and the other and, therefore, facilitate making decisions that improve family relationships. It is concluded that one thing is that the conflict qualifies the relationship that identifies the members of a family and another, very different and generally misunderstood, the vulnerability that distinguishes them as protagonists in said relationship.

Submitted by Jonathan Sousa de Almeida (jonathan.sousa@ufma.br) on 2022-07-19T12:07:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WENNEDYDAMATAMORAES.pdf: 1140923 bytes, checksum: 6d36e5e820971c8e7d39212c55271ec9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-19T12:07:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WENNEDYDAMATAMORAES.pdf: 1140923 bytes, checksum: 6d36e5e820971c8e7d39212c55271ec9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022-06-06 CAPES Aiming to understand the relationship between incarcerated women and their families, the present study is based on the analysis of the socio-structural reality present in the female prison system, so that it is possible to reflect on themes such as stigma, exclusion and punitive state. of prison in the context of gender inequalities. Through interviews with women incarcerated at the Prison Unit for Resocialization of Davinópolis/MA, we seek to find an answer to the following problem: How does the relationship between incarcerated women and their families occur and what are the assessments that women make of this relationship? The sociological approaches around critical sociological criminology, especially the feminist one, become important for such research to be expanded, taking into account the studies of Davis (2019), Lemgruber (1985), Foucault (1999), among other authors who starts to correspond efforts around the dialogues on the social state of the prison. As a preliminary result, it is observed that, sometimes, the state in which incarcerated women find themselves creates visible and invisible barriers that permeate the family relationship with those who are outside. This tends to have an effect on the notion of social belonging and on the process of social reintegration of those incarcerated. Tendo como objetivo compreender a relação existente entre as mulheres encarceradas e suas famílias, o presente estudo se pauta na análise da realidade socioestrutural presente no sistema carcerário feminino, a fim de que seja possível a reflexão em torno de temáticas como estigma, exclusão e estado punitivo do cárcere no âmbito das desigualdades de gênero. Por meio de entrevistas com mulheres encarceradas da Unidade Prisional de Ressocialização de Davinópolis/MA, busca-se chegar a resposta do seguinte problema: Como ocorre o relacionamento entre as mulheres encarceradas e seus familiares e quais as avaliações que as mulheres fazem desse relacionamento? As abordagens sociológicas em torno da criminologia crítica sociológica, em especial a feminista, se tornam importantes para que tal pesquisa seja expandida, levando em considerações os estudos de Davis (2019), Lemgruber (1985), Foucault (1999), entre outros autores que passam a corresponder esforços em torno dos diálogos sobre o estado social do cárcere. Como resultado preliminar, observa-se que, por vezes, o estado em que se encontram as mulheres encarceradas cria barreiras visíveis e invisíveis que permeia o relacionamento familiar com quem se encontra do lado de fora. Isso tende a ter efeitos na noção de pertencimento social e no processo de reintegração social das encarceradas.

Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky (1804–1878) is well known as a pathologist in medical history literature. This article provides a detailed account of his family and artistic background and also analyses his demands for freedom in both science and the arts, and how they influenced subsequent generations of the Rokitansky family. The Rokitansky, Teltscher, Huttenbrenner and Lablache families were either directly present at Ludwig van Beethoven’s (1770–1827) deathbed or played a role in his funeral ceremony; within a few years they had also built family ties. The descendants of these families also went on to support artists such as Gustav Mahler (1860–1911), Thomas Bernhard (1931–1989) and Peter Turrini (born 1944). Rokitansky’s wife was the internationally recognized concert singer Marie Weis (1806–1888), who had been trained by Antonio Salieri (1750–1825). Through her the family developed cordial relationships with Salieri, Franz Schubert (1797–1828) and Franz Grillparzer (1791–1872), which in turn resulted in indirect links to Ludwig van Beethoven. Grillparzer later supported liberal causes together with Rokitansky. Beethoven’s death marked the beginning of the Rokitansky and Weis family ties to the art world, whose descendants in turn influenced the cultural landscape of Austria according to Rokitansky’s ideal of freedom in science and art.

This research contributes to the development of migration theories by examining the challenges and opportunities faced by UK-resident refugees and asylum seekers from North Korea in maintaining transnational family ties. The findings are drawn from life history interviews with 14 defectors. I analysed the data using thematic analysis. The research reveals that some of the defectors actively rely on social media to maintain their relations with family members who are scattered outside North Korea, while many others are faced with extreme familial challenges fraught with tensions and anxiety over the safety of their relatives who remain in the totalitarian state. In light of the prevalence of step-wise migration for the defectors and their families across multiple nation-states, which largely entails perilous journeys from China (after years of illegal stay) to South Korea via third countries, such as Laos and Thailand, the paper proposes the concept of ‘traversing’ to describe the strenuous transnational familial experiences of North Korean escapees. I argue that owing to their unique circumstances, researching the transnational familial relations of forced migrants is highly complex and it requires new conceptualisation going forwards: instead of assuming transnational migrants have free access to their home countries, it is important to consider the interconnectedness between sending and host societies in co-constituting transnational family justice.

The selfish life-cycle model or hypothesis is, together with the dynasty or altruism model, the most widely used theoretical model of household behavior in economics, but does this model apply in the case of a country like Japan, which is said to have closer family ties than other countries? In this paper, we first provide a brief exposition of the simplest version of the selfish life-cycle model and then survey the literature on household saving and bequest behavior in Japan in order to answer this question. The paper finds that almost all of the available evidence suggests that the selfish life-cycle model applies to at least some extent in all countries but that there is more consistent support for this model in Japan than in the United States and other countries. It then explores possible explanations for why the life-cycle model is more consistently supported in Japan than in other countries, attributing this finding to government policies, institutional factors, economic factors, demographic factors, and cultural factors. Finally, it shows that the findings of the paper have many important implications for economic modeling and for government tax and expenditure policies.

Background Early indicators of declining function and frailty, such as life-space constriction (LSC), are important in identifying those at risk for frailty. Purpose Examine factors associated with LSC and the influence on function and frailty. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted using a convenience sample of community dwelling persons 55 and older living in the South. Results Most participants (N = 72) were female (69%; n = 50) and half were White (53.5%; n = 38). Individual factors including challenges (age-related physiological changes, disease burden, mental health limitations) and buoy (assistive devices, and other compensatory strategies) explained 22% variance in self-reported frailty (F = 3.099 (6, 65); p = .01). LSC explained 34% variance in function (F = 3.805 (8, 59); p = .001) when environmental supports (family ties, and social network) and challenges (area deprivation, built environment, and social disorganization) and individual factors were controlled for. Number of assistive devices was the only significant predictor of frailty.

This article examines Chinese Indonesian filmmaker, Edwin’s feature film, Postcards from the Zoo (2012). The lifting of the media regulations and the resurgence of Chinese identity in the reformasi...

In a culture with a high degree of sexual freedom, an individual is less likely to know who his male ancestors are, thereby leading to loose family links. We establish an inverse relationship between sexual freedom and family ties using individual survey and minority‐level data from China. By employing traditional minority‐level marriage customs and labour intensity to instrument for contemporary individual attitudes towards sexual freedom, the two‐stage least‐squares estimates confirm the causal relationship between sexual freedom and family ties. Moreover, loose family ties tend to result in limited trust among family members and more reliance on contracts rather than blood relations when engaging in business with relatives. We confirm the hypothesis using individual survey and minority‐level data.

Internal migration patterns in China are characterised by rapid urbanisation and cross‐regional movement and more recently by the return of migrants to their native counties. This study investigates the drivers of migrants' permanent return and their likelihood of starting new businesses in their counties of origin. The results suggest that migrants are discouraged from permanent resettlement in urban areas because of family ties and the aspiration to start businesses in their villages of origin. The study also provides evidence that the probability of starting a business upon return is affected by the migrants' accumulation of work experience, business experience, the savings earned while away, financial stability, and the social capital they have in their home counties. The results provide important insights for emerging countries in overcoming rapid urbanisation and imbalanced regional economic growth.

Despite its fuzziness, the term middle class has become increasingly attractive in the past two decades, not only among social scientists and market analysts but also as a term of self-description ...

The pretrial detention decision has critical implications for a defendant’s employment opportunities, family ties, likelihood of conviction, and length of prison sentence. While prior researchers h...

This study focused on Chinese doctoral recipients in social science disciplines in the U.S. and their decision making about returning to China upon graduation. In interviews of Chinese faculty who studied in the U.S. and Chinese PhD students currently in the U.S., we found that plans to return were associated with a blend of cultural, family, and academic ties. Political and economic factors interact with the influence of family ties. They were also apparent in the perceived prestige of studying in the U.S., which was believed to lead to a certain job offer from a Chinese university.

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to examine how much difference in income can be explained by familial culture that persists in different societies.Design/methodology/approachWe employ a two-step methodology to evaluate the impact of familial culture on income across countries. In the first step, we construct the macro measures of familial culture from micro survey data. In the second step, the growth model is estimated.FindingsFirst-step micro regression results show that family is more important to female, richer, highly educated, unemployed and married individuals. Male, poorer, less educated and unemployed individuals are more likely to respect and love parents unconditionally. The same group is also more likely to think that parents must do the best for their kids. Finally, the macro results show that the strength of national familial ties explains significant differences in income across countries.Research limitations/implicationsWe show that countries with weak family ties are richer than those with strong family ties. These results are useful for policymakers who design public policies that accommodate the type of familial culture that persists in their society.Originality/valueWe construct the macro measures of familial culture from the micro survey data. The paper adds to the literature on the effect of culture on income at the macro level.

The family and the family ties it creates shape the attitudes and behavior of a person who grows in it. They also have a decisive influence on the character of the family that they will start in the future. The values acquired in the family home will enable him to build and strengthen family ties, largely based on his own and family experiences. The context of the research was the modern family, which, despite the many transformations that have occurred within it as a result of cultural and civilization changes, is still an inseparable element of human life, with a leading and leading role in the development of a child, at the same time defining its worldview as an adult. The aim of the research was to show the changes occurring within the mutual relations between the family and the individual from the time perspective from the period defined by the so-called “Late modernity” or “postmodern society” up to the present (postmodernity). The author shows that the current shape of the family, which many researchers refer to as its crisis or even collapse, is the result of a long process involving changes in mutual obligations and at the same time the desire for individual development of members of that family. This leads to the rejection of existing forms and ties, the loss of traditional beliefs, knowledge and norms, and the creation of a new type of social bond. The scientific method was applied in the form of multi-station ethnography (Marcus 2003), which is a method of conducting research in conditions of discontinuity of cultural formations, when supra-local factors influence the situation in a given locality, causing various “practices, anxieties and ambiguities” (Marcus 2003, p. 170). The conclusions from this study were that the family, despite the weaknesses shown, is still an important institution for the individual. It is also the only institution that is able to defend an individual against negative aspects resulting from postmodernity. Therefore, in the policy of the state, it is necessary and necessary to pay more attention to the transformations of the family bond in the constantly changing socio-cultural conditions, in which the role of the traditional family is diminishing.

The present article intends to analyze the changes and continuities in gender relations and the autonomy of the wives of returned migrants from the town of Teocelo, Veracruz, Mexico. For this purpose, the use of qualitative methodology was chosen, specifically the analysis of life paths with seven women from that locality. The departure, absence, and return of the spouse involves a series of changes in the practices and subjectivities of women, such changes must be negotiated with the returnee to maintain the relationship and family ties. It concludes with the importance of continuing to investigate the migratory phenomenon with a gender perspective to make visible and value the experience of female partners of migrants, sometimes referred to as “the ones who stay.” In this way, the research aims to pay for studies with a gender perspective on the migratory phenomenon.

This paper makes an attempt to define informal social security and discusses the role of traditional support systems and extended family as social security institutions. Self organised mutual support systems which are neighbourhood or community-based informal systems that go beyond kinship and family ties are discussed. The African traditional values such as “botho” “ubuntu” and “harambee” are discussed. The idea that formal and informal social security systems having the same goal is advanced and that it is possible to build synergies between the two systems. Finally that an integrative approach needs to be adopted between the nonformal and the formal systems of social security.

الملخص العربي المسنون هم بلا شک جزء من کل مجتمع بشري، ولکن من المؤسف للغاية أنه يتم تلبية مصالح واحتياجات مجموعات السکان الأخرى من خلال العديد من السياسات والتشريعات بينما يتم تجاهل کبار السن، ويعتبر تجاهل المسنون تعدي على حقوق الإنسان الأساسية. ففي سابق الأمر کانت التقاليد والقيم المجتمعية تضمن ضمان حماية المسنون؛ إلا أنه نتيجة ما اعتراها من تغيرات سريعة الإيقاع بسبب التغيير الاجتماعي والاقتصادي، فقد ضعفت الروابط الأسرية بسبب الحاجة إلى ضمان البقاء في ظل اقتصاد نقدي؛ مما يؤثر سلبا على کبار السن، حيث أدى هذا التغيير إلى إضعاف هياکل دعم الأسرة ووظائفها، وبالتالي ألقى بآثار وخيمة على کبار السن، وعليه يتعرض کبار السن اليوم لأشکال مختلفة من الإساءة، کما يحرمون من دعم عائلاتهم ومجتمعاتهم، وأيضا يحرمون فرصة المشارکة في القضايا التي تؤثر عليهم ولا يتم أخذهم في الاعتبار بشکل مناسب في التشريعات الوطنية ، وتضمنت عدة مفاهيم (مفهوم المشکلات الاجتماعية - مفهوم المسنين - مفهوم عقوق الأبناء) وتسعى الدراسة إلى تحقيق الهدف : تحديد المشکلات المرتبطة باضطراب العلاقات الاجتماعية للمسنين الناتجة عن عقوق الأبناء ، تنتمي هذه الدراسة الى نوع الدراسات الوصفية التحليلية ، اعتمدت الباحثة على استخدام منهج المسح الاجتماعي بالعينة لعدد من المسنين المقيمين بدور رعاية المسنين ، اعتمدت الباحثة في جمع البيانات على مقياس مطبق على المسنين المقيمين بدور رعاية المسنين وذلک لتحديد المشکلات الاجتماعية الناتجة عن عقوق الأبناء، وطبقت هذه الدراسة على (دار جمعية رسالة - جمعية أبى بکر الصديق - دار تحسين الصحة بالهرم ) ، قامت الباحثة بحصر عدد المسنين المقيمين بالدار والذين يعانون بالعقوق وعددهم (85) مفردة وسوف تقوم الباحثة بأخذهم بأسلوب الحصر الشامل ، وتوضح نتائج الدراسة وجود المشکلات المرتبطة باضطراب العلاقات الاجتماعية للمسنين الناتجة عن عقوق الأبناء بقوة نسبية بلغت (71.37%). Summary in English Prepared by : Ola Mohammed Ahmed Mohammed The elderly are undoubtedly part of every human society, but it is extremely unfortunate that the interests and needs of other population groups are met through many policies and legislation while the elderly are ignored. Ignoring the elderly is a violation of basic human rights. In the past, traditions and societal values ​​guaranteed the protection of the elderly. However, these traditions and values changed rapidly as a result of social and economic change, and consequently, family ties have weakened due to the need to ensure survival in a monetary economy. This negatively affects the elderly, as these changes have weakened the family support structures and functions, and thus have terrible effects on the elderly. Therefore the elderly today are exposed to various forms of abuse, as they are deprived of the support of their families and communities, as well as the opportunity to participate in the issues that affect them. Furthermore, they are not properly taken into account in national legislation. (The term of social problems - The term of the elderly - The term of youngsters' disobedience to parents). The study aimed at identifying the problems associated with elderly's unstable social relations. This study belongs to the descriptive/analytical studies. The researcher relied on the use of a sample social survey method for a number of elderly people residing in elderly care homes. A scale applied to the elderly living in elderly care homes for determining their social problems resulting from youngsters'' disobedience. Resala House Association - Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq Association - Health Improvement House in Al-Haram, The researcher has calculated the number of elderly living in the elderly care houses identified in the spatial domain above who suffer from ingratitude, and they are (85) persons. Identifying the problems associated with elderly's unstable social relations (71.37%)

The rapid spread of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic has become a global threat. In this context, this study aimed to determine the university students' opinions about the COVID-19 global outbreak. The research was conducted on 344 university students from different universities in Turkey for the 2019-2020 academic year’s spring term. Within the scope of the research, literature, researches, and current publications on COVID-19 were examined. The scanning model was used because it aimed to describe the current situation as it is. In the study, the Questionnaire for Determining the Opinions of University Students on the COVID-19 Global Outbreak prepared by the researchers was used to collect data. Such research was needed due to the lack of sufficient research on university students' views on the COVID-19 global pandemic. As a result of the research, it was determined that university students have positive opinions as well as negative views about the COVID-19 global pandemic. 214 of the university students (62,2%) stated that they were worried about the epidemic, 277 (80,8%) were upset when they thought of COVID-19, and 287 (83.4%) stated that they found COVID-19 fatal. As a result of the research, approximately 92% of university students stated that they were affected by COVID-19. On the other hand, 12 (3,5%) of the participants stated that they were confident in the protection from COVID-19 and 332 (96,5%) were not confident. 16 of the participants (4.7%) stated that they were not psychologically affected by COVID-19, while 328 (95,3%) were psychologically affected. Of the university students, 158 (46,3%) were psychological, 140 (41,1%) sociologically, 28 (8,2%) economically and 18 (4,4%) They stated that they were affected by the direction. In this study, looking at the impact of COVID-19 on the family relationships of university students, 93 (27,2%) of the participants stated that it was negatively affected, 112 (32,7%) did not affect it, and 137 (40,1%) positively affected. Due to the strong family ties in Turkish culture, the negative impact is considered to be low As a result of this research, university students also stated that although they were negatively affected by the COVID-19 global pandemic, they also had positive aspects such as the development of family relationships., COVID-19 salgınının hızla yayılması küresel bir tehdit haline gelmiştir. Bu kapsamda bu araştırmayla COVID-19 küresel salgınının üniversite öğrencileri üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, 2019-2020 akademik yılı bahar döneminde Türkiye’deki farklı üniversitelerde eğitim gören 344 üniversite öğrencisi üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, son zamanlarda yayınlanmış literatür ve güncel yayınlar incelenmiştir. Araştırmada var olan durumu olduğu şekilde betimlemeyi amaçladığı için tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplamak için literatür taraması yapıldıktan sonra araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen Salgınının Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi Formu kullanılmıştır. COVID-19 salgınının üniversite öğrencileri üzerindeki etkileri ile ilgili yeterli sayıda araştırma bulunmaması nedeniyle, bu araştırmanın yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, üniversite öğrencileri, COVID-19 küresel salgının insanlar üzerinde olumsuz etkilerinin yanı sıra olumlu etkilerinin olduğunu bildirmişlerdir. Bu araştırmada, üniversite öğrencilerinin yaklaşık % 93'ünün bu salgından etkilendiği bulunmuştur. Üniversite öğrencilerinin 214’ü (%62,2) salgın nedeniyle endişe duyduklarını, 277’si (%80,8) koronavirüsü düşündüğünde üzüldüklerini ve 287’si (%83,4) Koronavirüsün ölümcül olduğunu düşündüklerini belirtmişlerdir.

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wstępnych wniosków wynikających z analizy materiałów zebranych w ramach konkursu pamiętnikarskiego „Życie codzienne w czasach koronawirusa”. W artykule skupiamy się na tym, jak w kontekście pandemii COVID-19 była przedstawiana w pamiętnikach polska wieś i jak pandemia wpłynęła na życie codzienne jej mieszkańców. W pierwszej części tekstu prezentujemy metodologiczne aspekty konkursu przeprowadzonego wspólnie przez SGH i UMK od 23 marca do 19 lipca 2020 r. oraz wskazujemy wybraną do analizy grupę pamiętników prowadzonych przez mieszkańców wsi oraz osoby związane ze wsią więziami rodzinnymi. Następnie omawiamy kluczowe wątki, które dominowały w relacjach pamiętnikarzy: 1) kreślenie obrazu wsi jako azylu i oazy bezpieczeństwa; 2) pojawiające się obawy, napięcia i uprzedzenia wobec przyjezdnych; 3) przewartościowanie relacji we wspólnotach wiejskich; 4) zmiany w codziennym funkcjonowaniu wsi i wyzwania z związane z realizacją podstawowych aktywności życiowych.

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