Search

Objetivo: Valorar la magnitud del riesgo de la obesidad en la mortalidad por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Estudio es de tipo observacional, descriptiva, transversal, retrospectiva. La población corresponde a estudios realizados sobre obesidad como factor de riesgo para mortalidad por COVID-19, siendo encontrado en la base de datos de PubMed, Lilacs y Scielo 45 estudios de las que se pudieron reproducir un total de 07 que cumplieron los criterios de reproducibilidad, especificidad y rigor científico. Resultados: la OR global en el modelo de efectos fijos es de 1.28 (IC95%= 1.06 – 1.55) y en el modelo de efectos aleatorios es de 1.30 (IC95%= 1.03 – 1.64) de los 7 estudios analizados sobre 7876 pacientes. Los estudios analizados presentan 24.6% de variación en OR atribuible a la heterogeneidad, siendo prácticamente baja la heterogeneidad. El tener obesidad incrementa la probabilidad de morir por COVID-19 en 0.28 (28.3%) veces en comparación que si no estaría presente esta condición patológica durante el padecimiento de la COVID-19. Conclusiones: La obesidad es un factor de riesgo que incrementa la probabilidad de muerte por COVID-19

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación de la pediculosis a variables socio-nutricionales en los alumnos del 1° y 2° grado de primaria de la Escuela 22318 Pampa de Táte en Pachacutec, Ica – octubre 2019. Materiales y métodos: Estudio realizado en 184 alumnos de una población de 252 alumnos de 1° y 2° grado de primaria de la Escuela 22318 Pampa de Táte en Pachacutec, a quienes se les lavó el cabello con Champú Nopucid 1 sachet por 2 niños y se usó un peine chino por niño por ser ello es de uso personal. La identificación de los piojos se realizó en el lavatorio y en el peine chino con la ayuda de una lupa en los casos de duda. Resultados: La prevalencia de pediculosis en estudiantes del 1° y 2° de primaria de la Escuela 22318 Pampa de Táte en Pachacutec, Ica en octubre del 2019 fue de 58.7% con un IC95%: (65.3% – 51.6%). La proporción de desnutridos fue de 9.8%, de bajo peso de 14.1%, de normo peso 73.9% y de sobrepeso de 2.2%. La pediculosis está asociada (valor de p= 0.000089) al sexo siendo más frecuente en las mujeres. La pediculosis está asociada al grado de estudios (valor de p= 0.007038) siendo más frecuente en los de 2° grado. No existe asociación entre pediculosis y estado nutricional (valor de p= 0.1377071). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de pediculosis fue de 58.7% con un IC95%: (65.3% – 51.6%), asociada al sexo femenino, al 2° grado de estudios.

The accuracy of snow cover information extraction in remote-sensing images dependent on a variety of factors, especially in mountain area with complex terrain. This paper aims at analyzing the accuracy of snow cover information extraction from remot esensing images, using Landsat5 TM images and DEM data, with the study area of Xinjiang Tianshan, measuring topographic correction effects of Cosine correction, C correction, SCS correction, and SCS + C correction from four aspects: visual comparison, standard deviation, correlation analysis and histogram, then extract snow cover area for study area. Results showed that C correction and SCS+C correction performed better among four classic terrain correction models, which indicated changes in snow pixel rat io after correction with variation range of 2% , and correlation coefficient of each band is highest before and after correction.

Introduction Cognitive and spatial dysfunction is common among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The cause of these abnormalities may be related to the effects of hypoxic damage in the brain during sleep. Here we report a rodent model for chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) that examines spatial performance tasks via a Barnes Maze paradigm. We hypothesized that increased severity of CIH yields decreased cognitive and spatial performance. Methods Three groups of rats were subject to varying levels of hypoxia conditions: sham (21% oxygen; n = 19), moderate (11% oxygen; n = 14), and severe (6% oxygen; n = 21). To deliver hypoxia, rats were exposed to three-minute cycles of oxygen between 21% and condition-specific nadir oxygen for 12 hours daily (during sleep) in specialized chambers. Barnes maze testing was performed at 0, 1, 2, and 3 months. Rats were placed on a circular platform with 19 shallow holes and one deeper target hole to escape the noxious sound. Each month, rats had 3 minutes to find the target hole in four daily trials over four consecutive days. Average maze completion time on day 4 was recorded. Results Rats from the three hypoxia groups did not differ significantly in mean maze completion time at baseline (0 months). Throughout the three months of exposure to hypoxic conditions, maze completion time on day 4 did not differ significantly from baseline for sham rats. However, by month 3, rats exposed to severe hypoxic conditions had a significantly larger percent increase from baseline compared to sham rats (p = 0.0358). Conclusion Our findings indicate that rats undergoing intermittent hypoxia perform worse than normoxic rats in spatial performance tasks. These data suggest there is a relationship between CIH and cognitive/spatial impairment. Support Funded by NIH P01 HL094307

SETTING: Drug resistance threatens tuberculosis (TB) control, particularly among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons.OBJECTIVE: To describe practices in the prevention and management of drug-resistant TB under antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs in lower-income countries.DESIGN: We used online questionnaires to collect program-level data on 47 ART programs in Southern Africa (n = 14), East Africa (n = 8), West Africa (n = 7), Central Africa (n = 5), Latin America (n = 7) and the Asia-Pacific (n = 6 programs) in 2012. Patient-level data were collected on 1002 adult TB patients seen at 40 of the participating ART programs.RESULTS: Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) was available in 36 (77%) ART programs, but was only used for 22% of all TB patients. Molecular DST was available in 33 (70%) programs and was used in 23% of all TB patients. Twenty ART programs (43%) provided directly observed therapy (DOT) during the entire course of treatment, 16 (34%) during the intensive phase only, and 11 (23%) did not follow DOT. Fourteen (30%) ART programs reported no access to second-line anti-tuberculosis regimens; 18 (38%) reported TB drug shortages.CONCLUSIONS: Capacity to diagnose and treat drug-resistant TB was limited across ART programs in lower-income countries. DOT was not always implemented and drug supplies were regularly interrupted, which may contribute to the global emergence of drug resistance.