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This paper presents a comprehensive study and the analysis of a topology of a no isolated DC-DC intituled Double Quadratic Boost converter with high static gain. This converter has the main advantage of high static gain and low voltage stress on its switches. The article will first present the theoretical analysis of the converter operating in an open loop. The objective of the work is the mathematical modeling and the control strategy of the converter, as well as the validation through closed-loop experimental results. Besides, we presented the practice test results to demonstrate the operation of the converter, such as the static gain experimental curve, the practice efficiency of the converter, and the control of the output voltage, as well as the capacitor voltage balance control. The authors designed a prototype for 1 kW, with a switching frequency of fs=50kHz, with FPGA-based command and modulation.

La cateterización venosa central es un procedimiento común en la actualidad, pero no está exento de complicaciones. Una de ellas, poco frecuente, pero con mortalidad elevada, es la perforación miocárdica. Se presenta el caso de una paciente que ingresa en nuestro servicio tras cirugía urgente abdominal, portadora de catéter venoso central para alimentación parenteral, y a las 48 h de ingreso presenta taponamiento pericárdico secundario a perforación cardíaca y extravasación de nutrición parenteral. Este caso clínico pone de manifiesto una compilación infrecuente pero grave, y que requiere un alto índice de sospecha para su diagnóstico y tratamiento.

The use of nutraceuticals or functional ingredients is increasingly widespread in human food; their use is also widespread in animal feed. These natural compounds generally come from plant materials and comprise a wide range of substances of a very diverse chemical nature. In animals, these compounds, so-called phytogenics, are used to obtain improvements in feed production/stability and also as functional components with repercussions on animal health. Along with polyphenols, isoprenoid compounds represent a family of substances with wide applications in therapy and pet nutrition. Essential oils (EOs) are a group of complex substances with fat-soluble nature that are widely used. Melatonin is an indolic amine present in all living with amphiphilic nature. In this work, we present a review of the most relevant phytogenics (polyphenol, isoprenoid, and alkaloid compounds), their characteristics, and possible uses as nutraceuticals in dogs, with special emphasis on EOs and their regulatory aspects, applied in foods and topically. Additionally, a presentation of the importance of the use of melatonin in dogs is developed, giving physiological and practical aspects about its use in dog feeding and also in topical application, with examples and future projections. This review points to the combination of EOs and melatonin in food supplements and in the topical application as an innovative product and shows excellent perspectives aimed at addressing dysfunctions in pets, such as the treatment of stress and anxiety, sleep disorders, alopecia, and hair growth problems, among others.

Brassicaceae plants are of great interest for human consumption due to their wide variety and nutritional qualities. Of the more than 4000 species that make up this family, about a hundred varieties of 6-8 genera are extensively cultivated. One of the most interesting aspects is its high content of glucosinolates, which are plant secondary metabolites with widely demonstrated anti-oncogenic properties that make them healthy. The most relevant Brassicaceae studies related to food and melatonin are examined in this paper. The role of melatonin as a beneficial agent in seedling grown mainly in cabbage and rapeseed and in the postharvest preservation of broccoli is especially analyzed. The beneficial effect of melatonin treatments on the organoleptic properties of these commonly consumed vegetables can be of great interest in the agri-food industry. Melatonin application extends the shelf life of fresh-cut broccoli while maintaining optimal visual and nutritional parameters. In addition, an integrated model indicating the role of melatonin on the organoleptic properties, the biosynthesis of glucosinolates and the regulatory action of these health-relevant compounds with anti-oncogenic activity is presented.

Este trabajo analiza la integración de las TIC a partir del uso didáctico de las tabletas digitales con alumnado de 6º de Ed. Primaria en un centro privado concertado de la provincia de Valencia (España). Los objetivos del estudio son analizar el uso didáctico que realiza el profesorado con los iPads, analizar el tipo de tareas de aprendizaje que realiza el alumnado, averiguar a qué dimensiones de aprendizaje y desempeño personal y académico afectan e identificar los factores de la escuela que favorecen el uso pedagógico de las TIC en 6º de Ed. Primaria. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio de caso en el que han participado 103 alumnos y alumnas, y 6 docentes. Como instrumentos de recolección de datos se ha construido un cuestionario para identificar la visión del alumnado; se han realizado entrevistas semiestructuradas para conocer la percepción del profesorado; se han analizado los documentos institucionales del centro; y se ha pasado una ficha de registro de procesos de aula en las que el profesorado ha descrito tres sesiones y el uso que han hecho en ellas del iPad. Los resultados muestran que las tabletas inciden en la motivación del alumnado y, a través de sus aplicaciones, permiten el trabajo colaborativo y el aprendizaje del manejo de software, así como la posibilidad de construir aprendizajes significativos. Todo ello se ve favorecido por diversos factores facilitadores de la integración de las TIC en el centro. No obstante, la integración didáctica es compleja por la falta de formación en el uso pedagógico de las TIC del profesorado y de la carencia de un Plan TIC. Se concluye que las tabletas permiten mejorar los procesos de enseñanzaaprendizaje en el centro, aunque es necesaria una mejora en la competencia digital docente, y la clarificación y elaboración de un Plan TIC. This work analyzes the integration of ICT from the didactic use of digital tablets with 6th grade primary school students in a private subsidized school in the province of Valencia (Spain). The objectives of the study are to analyze the didactic use that teachers make with iPads, analyze the type of learning tasks that students carry out, find out what dimensions of learning and personal and academic performance they affect and identify the factors of the school that favor the pedagogical use of ICT in 6th grade of Primary Education. For this, a case study has been carried out with the participation of 103 students and 6 teachers. As data collection instruments, a questionnaire has been constructed to identify the vision of the students; semi-structured interviews have been carried out to know the perception of the teaching staff; the school institutional documents have been analyzed; and a record of classroom processes has been passed in which the teachers have described three sessions and the use they have made of the iPad in them. The results show that tablets affect student motivation and, through their applications, allow collaborative work and learning to use software, as well as the possibility of constructing meaningful learning. All of this is favored by several factors that facilitate the integration of ICT in the school. However, didactic integration is complex due to the lack of training in the pedagogical use of ICT for teachers and the lack of an ICT Plan. It is concluded that the tablets allow to improve the teaching-learning processes in the school, although an improvement in the teaching digital competence and the clarification and elaboration of an ICT Plan is necessary.

Objective: Sensory deficits are important risk factors for delirium but have been investigated in single-center studies and single clinical settings. This multicenter study aims to evaluate the association between hearing and visual impairment or bi-sensory impairment (visual and hearing impairment) and delirium. Design: Cross-sectional study nested in the 2017 "Delirium Day" project. Setting and participants: Patients 65 years and older admitted to acute hospital medical wards, emergency departments, rehabilitation wards, nursing homes, and hospices in Italy. Methods: Delirium was assessed with the 4AT (a short tool for delirium assessment) and sensory deficits with a clinical evaluation. We assessed the association between delirium, hearing and visual impairment in multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for: Model 1, we included predisposing factors for delirium (ie, dementia, weight loss and autonomy in the activities of daily living); Model 2, we added to Model 1 variables, which could be considered precipitating factors for delirium (ie, psychoactive drugs and urinary catheters). Results: A total of 3038 patients were included; delirium prevalence was 25%. Patients with delirium had a higher prevalence of hearing impairment (30.5% vs 18%; P < .001), visual impairment (24.2% vs 15.7%; P < .01) and bi-sensory impairment (16.2% vs 7.5%) compared with those without delirium. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the presence of bi-sensory impairment was associated with delirium in Model 1 [odds ratio (OR) 1.5, confidence interval (CI) 1.2-2.1; P = .00] and in Model 2 (OR 1.4; CI 1.1-1.9; P = .02), whereas the presence of visual and hearing impairment alone was not associated with delirium either in Model 1 (OR 0.8; CI 0.6-1.2, P = .36; OR 1.1; CI 0.8-1.4; P = .42) or in Model 2 (OR 0.8, CI 0.6-1.2, P = .27; OR 1.1, CI 0.8-1.4, P = .63). Conclusions and implications: Our findings support the importance of routine screening and specific interventions by a multidisciplinary team to implement optimal management of sensory impairments and hence prevention and the management of the patients with delirium.

Background/aim Paraneoplastic syndrome symptoms include isolated involuntary weight loss (IIWL). The differential diagnosis of cancer from other diseases may require a significant number of tests. Tumour markers (TMs) can be used for the diagnosis and stratification of patients according to cancer risk. Patients and methods This study included 606 patients (48% females) seen at the rapid diagnostic unit for IIWL. We determined the levels of TMs carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, soluble fragments of cytokeratin 19, carbohydrate antigen 15-3, carbohydrate antigen 125, neuron specific enolase, alpha-fetoprotein, prostatic specific antigen using the multiparametric analyser COBAS 601. Two cut-off points were established, the upper reference limit described by the manufacturer and a high cut-off point suggested by Molina et al., to stratify patients according to cancer risk. Results Patients were classified according to TM levels as follows: I) all TMs below the upper reference limit; II) highest number of TMs between the two cut-offs; III) at least one TM above the higher cut-off. The odds ratio for malignancy was 4.3 for group II and 248 for group III. These results indicate that when at least one TM is above the higher cut-off, neoplasia is highly probable. Conclusion TM determination allowed to establish cancer risk in patients with IIWL.

Los espacios forestales son una fuente de servicios, tanto ambientales como económicos, de gran importancia para la sociedad. La caracterización de estos ambientes ha requerido tradicionalmente de un laborioso trabajo de campo. La aplicación de técnicas de teledetección ha proporcionado una visión más amplia a escala espacial y temporal, a la par que ha generado una reducción de los costes. La utilización de sensores óptico-pasivo multiespectrales y de sensores radar posibilita la estimación de parámetros forestales, si bien el desarrollo de sensores LiDAR, como el caso de los escáneres láser aeroportados (ALS), ha mejorado la caracterización tridimensional de la estructura de los bosques. La disponibilidad pública de dos coberturas LiDAR, generadas en el marco del Plan Nacional de Ortofotografía Aérea (PNOA), ha abierto nuevas líneas de investigación que permiten proporcionar información útil para la gestión forestal. La presente tesis utiliza datos LiDAR aeroportados de baja densidad para estimar diversas variables forestales, con ayuda de trabajo de campo, en masas forestales de Pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis Miller) en Aragón. La investigación aborda dos cuestiones relevantes como son la exploración de las metodologías más adecuadas para estimar variables forestales considerando escalas locales y regionales, teniendo en cuenta las posibles fuentes de error en el modelado; y, además, analiza la potencialidad de los datos LiDAR del PNOA para el desarrollo de aplicaciones forestales que valoricen las áreas forestales como recursos socio-económicos. La tesis se ha desarrollado según la modalidad de compendio de publicaciones, incluyendo cuatro trabajos que dan respuesta a los objetivos planteados. En primer lugar, se realiza un análisis comparativo de distintos modelos de regresión, paramétricos y no paramétricos, para estimar la pérdida de biomasa y las emisiones de CO2 en un incendio, mediante la utilización de datos LiDAR-PNOA y datos ópticos del satélite Landsat 8. En segundo lugar, se explora la idoneidad de distintos métodos de selección de variables para estimar biomasa total en masas de Pino carrasco utilizando datos LiDAR de baja densidad. En tercer lugar, se cuantificó y cartografió la biomasa residual forestal en el conjunto de masas de Pino carrasco de Aragón y se evaluó el efecto de diversas características de la tecnología LiDAR y de las variables ambientales en la precisión de los modelos. Finalmente, se analiza la transferibilidad temporal de modelos para estimar a escala regional siete variables forestales, utilizando datos LiDAR-PNOA multi-temporales. A este respecto, se compararon dos enfoques que permiten analizar la transferibilidad temporal: en primer lugar, el método directo ajusta un modelo para un determinado punto en el tiempo y estima las variables forestales para otra fecha; por otra parte, el método indirecto ajusta dos modelos diferentes para cada momento en el tiempo, estimando las variables forestales en dos fechas distintas. Los resultados obtenidos y las conclusiones derivadas de la investigación indican que la técnica basada en coeficientes de correlación de Spearman y el método de selección por todos los subconjuntos constituyen los métodos de selección de métricas LiDAR más apropiados para la modelización. El análisis de métodos de regresión para la estimación de variables forestales indicó que su idoneidad variaba de acuerdo con el tamaño y complejidad de la muestra. El método de regresión linear multivariante arrojó mejores resultados que los métodos no-paramétricos en el caso de muestras pequeñas. Por el contrario, el método Support Vector Machine produjo los mejores resultados con muestras grandes. El incremento de la densidad de puntos y de los valores de penetración de los pulsos LiDAR en el dosel, así como la presencia de ángulos de escaneo pequeños, incrementó la exactitud de los modelos. De forma similar, el incremento de la pendiente y la presencia de arbustos en el sotobosque implican una reducción en la exactitud de los modelos. En la estimación de variables forestales utilizando datos LiDAR multi-temporales, aunque la utilización del enfoque indirecto arrojó generalmente una mayor precisión en los modelos, se obtuvieron resultados similares con el enfoque directo, el cual constituye una alternativa óptima para reducir el tiempo de modelado y los costes de realización de trabajo de campo. La fusión de datos LiDAR y datos óptico-pasivos ha evidenciado la conveniencia de los métodos aplicados para cuantificar las emisiones de CO2 a la atmósfera generadas por un incendio. Esta metodología constituye una alternativa adecuada cuando no existen datos multi-temporales LiDAR. La estimación de variables de inventario forestal, así como de diversas fracciones de biomasa, como la biomasa total y la biomasa residual forestal, proporciona información valiosa para caracterizar las masas forestales mediterráneas de Pino carrasco y mejorar la gestión forestal Forest ecosystems provide environmental and economic services of great importance to the society. The characterization of these environments has been traditionally accomplished with intense field work. In comparison, the application of remote sensing tools provides a greater overview over large spatial and temporal scales while minimizing costs. Although optical data and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) allow estimating forest stand variables, the development of LiDAR sensors such as Airborne Laser Scanner (ALS) have improved three-dimensional characterization of forest structure. The availability of two ALS public data coverages for the Spanish territory, provided by the National Plan for Aerial Ortophotography (PNOA), opens new research opportunities to generate useful information for forest management. This PhD Thesis used low-density ALS-PNOA data to estimate different forest variables, with support in fieldwork, in the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Miller) forests of Aragón region. The addressed research is relevant mainly for two reasons: first, the examination of suitable methodologies and error sources in forest stand variables prediction at local (small area) and regional scales (large area), and second, the application of ALS data to the characterization of forest areas as a socio-economic reservoir. This PhD Thesis is a compendium of four scientific papers, which sequentially answer the objectives established. Firstly, a comparative analysis of different parametric and non-parametric models was performed to estimate biomass losses and CO2 emissions using low-density ALS and Landsat 8 data in a burnt Aleppo pine forest. Secondly, we assess the suitability of variable selection methods when estimating total biomass in Aleppo pine forest stands using low-density ALS data. In the third manuscript, the quantification and mapping of forest residual biomass in Aleppo pine forest of Aragón region and the assessment of the effect of ALS and environmental variables in model accuracy were accomplished. Finally, the temporal transferability of seven forest stands attributes modelling using multi-temporal ALS-PNOA data in Aleppo pine forest at regional scale was explored. In this case, the temporal transferability was assessed comparing two methodologies; the direct and indirect approach. The first one fits a model for one point in time and estimates the forest variable for another point in time. The indirect approach adjusts two models in different points in time to estimate the forest variables in two different dates. The results derived from this research indicated that Spearman’s rank and All Subset Selection are the most appropriate methods in the ALS metrics selection step commonly applied in modelling. The suitability of the regression methods depends on the sample size and complexity. Thus, multivariate linear regression outperformed non-parametric methods with small samples while support vector machine was the most accurate method with larger samples. Model accuracy increased with higher point density and canopy pulse penetration, while decreasing with wider scan angles. Furthermore, the presence of steep slopes and shrub reduced model performance. In the case of forest stand variables prediction using multi-temporal ALS data, although the indirect approach produced generally a higher precision, the direct approach provided similar results, constituting a suitable alternative to reduce modelling time and fieldwork costs. The fusion of ALS and passive optical data have evidenced the suitability of this information for quantifying wildfire CO2 emissions to atmosphere, constituting a good alternative when multi-temporal ALS data is not available. The estimation of forest inventory variables as well as different biomass fractions, such as total biomass and forest residual biomass, provided valuable information to characterize Mediterranean Aleppo pine forests and improve forest management.

Objective. To evaluate the role played by anakinra in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 who fail to “accepted” standard of care and tocilizumab.Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study assessed in Althaia Health Network University and Vall d’Hebrón University Hospital, in Barcelona, Spain. We included patients with confirmed RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome [PaO2:FiO2] (PAFI) ≤200 mmHg, and hyperinflammation. All of them were primarily managed with non-invasive ventilation outside of the ICU and received standard of care with hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, azithromycin, and enoxaparin supplemented with tocilizumab. These patients received an additional administration of 100 mg subcutaneous anakinra twice a day (low-dose) or every 6-8 hours (medium-dose). Mechanical ventilation-free survival, ICU admission, respiratory function changes (PAFI), inflammatory markers, and survival were analyzed.Results. Clinical and respiratory improvements were already present at 48 hours post-anakinra. PAFI increased 105.2% at 48 hours over anakinra administration and 166.9% at day 7. Respiratory function improvement was significant at day 7 (pConclusions. In severe ARDS related to SARS-CoV-2 refractory to standard of care plus tocilizumab, low-to-moderate doses of anakinra as a rescue therapy showed effectiveness and safety, avoiding mechanical ventilation and deaths.

When multiple loads need to be supplied with variable voltage and/or frequency, one of the interests is to reduce the number of power devices of the topology used, in order to reduce the cost and volume of the converter. This paper proposes a topology that combines features of standard two- and three-level converters with reduced number of switches. The converter is capable to produce a quasi-three-level output voltage and is suitable to supply multiple loads. In this work, the topology is proposed to be used in a multiple-machine solar pumping system. The converter is operated to extract the maximum available power from a photovoltaic array and a predictive control strategy is proposed to regulate the machine currents as well as to balance the voltages of the converter input capacitors. Simulations of the system considering two pump drives are presented and discussed.

Introduction: Centenarians and nonagenarians constitute a rapidly growing age group in Western countries and they are expected to be admitted to hospital with hip fractures. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of centenarian and nonagenarian patients following a hip fracture and to identify risk factors related to in-hospital and post-discharge mortality in both groups. Patients and methods: A prospective evaluation of centenarian patients and nonagenarian controls admitted to a tertiary university hospital in Barcelona with hip fractures over a period of 5 years and 9 months. Baseline characteristics and outcomes in both patient groups were compared. Variables associated with in-hospital, 30-day, 3-month and 1-year mortality were also analyzed. Results: Thirty-three centenarians and 82 nonagenarians were included. The most relevant statistically significant differences found were: Barthel index at admission (61.90 vs. 75.22), number of drugs before admission (4.21 vs 5.55), in-hospital complication rates (97 vs. 78%), readmissions at 3 months and 1 year (0 vs 11.7% and 3.4 vs. 19.5% respectively) and mortality at 3 months and 1 year (41.4 vs. 20.8% and 62.1 vs. 29.9%, respectively). Mean number of complications, rapid atrial fibrillation, mean age, and urinary tract infection were risk factors associated with mortality. Conclusions: Centenarian patients had similar in-hospital outcomes to nonagenarians, but experienced more complications and twice the 3-month and 1-year mortality rate. The mean number of complications was the risk factor most consistently related to in-hospital and post-discharge mortality. These findings emphasize the need to improve care in very old patients to prevent complications. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This work describes the electrochemical, spectroscopic and electrochemiluminescent (ECL) characterization of graphite screen-printed electrodes (SPE) modified with a multilayer electrostatic assembly between 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and CdTe quantum dots stabilized with glutathione (GSH) as the cationic and the negative layers, respectively. The characterization of the obtained system was performed by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, which confirm the homogeneous presence of CdTe quantum dots on the multilayer assembly. The electrochemiluminescent properties were measured in a potentiostat coupled with a photodiode detector, showing stable and repetitive electrochemiluminescent signals. The ECL response was studied using potassium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide as co-reactants, and the measurements were carried out at different scan rates, pH values and concentrations. The ECL properties of the studied system at specific experimental conditions demonstrated different mechanisms by changing the co-reactants associated with the electrochemical step to generate the radical species and its interaction with the SPE/APTES/CdTe (GSH) reduced system, obtaining a more intense ECL signal with H2O2 than with S2O82−. Some analytical parameters, such as the linear range and the limit of detection for SPE/APTES/CdTe (GSH) in ECL H2O2 detection, were obtained.

Background Numerous studies on involuntary weight loss (IWL) have been published since the 1980s, although most of them have included small samples of patients with specific symptoms. The aim of the present study was to determine the causes, demographic and clinical characteristics and mortality at 12 months in patients attended at a rapid diagnostic unit (RDU) for isolated IWL. Methods A single-center retrospective observational study including all patients presenting to the RDU for isolated IWL between 2005 and 2013. The following data were recorded: demographic and clinical variables, results of complementary tests (blood tests, x-rays, computed tomography scan and digestive endoscopy), main diagnosis and vital status at 12 months. Results Seven hundred and ninety-one patients met the criteria for IWL. Mean age was 67.9 years (SD 4.7), 50.4% were male and mean weight loss was 8.3 kg (SD 4.7). The cause for IWL was malignant disease in 23.6% of patients, non-malignant organic disease in 44.5%, psychiatric disorder in 29.0% and unknown in 3.2%. Overall mortality at 12 months was 18.6% (95%CI: 16.1–21.6). The mortality rate was highest in the group with malignancy (61.1%; 95%CI: 54.2–68.2). Conclusions Almost a quarter of all patients attended at the RDU for IWL were diagnosed with cancer. Mortality at 12 months was higher in this group than in the other three. Malignancy should therefore be ruled out during the first visit for patients attended for IWL.

Conicyt-Fondecyt CHILE 1161225 CONICYT USACH scholarship Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the United States Department of State

Co−doped stannates, Zn 2-x Co x SnO 4 (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5), were produced by ceramic synthesis starting from the ZnSnO 4 phase. Morphology, structure, and composition of synthesized compounds were examined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Using XPS, cobalt ions are shown to have an oxidation state of 2 + , and XRD patterns showed the same crystalline structure for all Zn 2-x Co x SnO 4 (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5) phases, i.e., they are isostructural. The morphology of synthesized compounds shows appreciable differences in particle sizes which range from 80 nm to 500 nm, depending on how the ceramic was synthesized and the cobalt concentration. Co−doped stannates ⁄reduced graphene (rGO) composites were prepared and used to modify glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). The resulting electrodes were evaluated for the amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic activity of composites towards the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide was highly dependent on quantity of cobalt in the ceramic compound, and also on the quantity of rGO present in the composite. The pure cobalt stannate phase with a ratio of 8:1 (ceramic:rGO) exhibited the best catalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide oxidation at low potentials (0.400 V). A linear relationship between current and hydrogen peroxide concentration was obtained with a sensitivity of 0.43 μAmM −1 cm −2 and a detection limit of 0.31 μM.

Introduction Previous studies of antihypertensive treatment of older patients have focused on blood pressure control, cardiovascular risk or adherence, whereas data on inappropriate antihypertensive prescriptions to older patients are scarce. Objectives The aim of the study was to assess inappropriate antihypertensive prescriptions to older patients. Methods An observational, prospective multicentric study was conducted to assess potentially inappropriate prescription of antihypertensive drugs, in patients aged 75 years and older with arterial hypertension (HTN), in the month prior to hospital admission, using four instruments: Beers, Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions (STOPP), Screening Tool to Alert Doctors to the Right Treatment (START) and Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders 3 (ACOVE-3). Primary care and hospital electronic records were reviewed for HTN diagnoses, antihypertensive treatment and blood pressure readings. Results Of 672 patients, 532 (median age 85 years, 56% female) had HTN. 21.6% received antihypertensive monotherapy, 4.7% received no hypertensive treatment, and the remainder received a combination of antihypertensive therapies. The most frequently prescribed antihypertensive drugs were diuretics (53.5%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) (41%), calcium antagonists (32.2%), angiotensin receptor blockers (29.7%) and beta-blockers (29.7%). Potentially inappropriate prescription was observed in 51.3% of patients (27.8% overprescription and 35% underprescription). The most frequent inappropriately prescribed drugs were calcium antagonists (overprescribed), ACEIs and beta-blockers (underprescribed). ACEI and beta-blocker underprescriptions were independently associated with heart failure admissions [ beta-blockers odds ratio (OR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-0.71, p < 0.001; ACEIs OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.36-0.70, p < 0.001]. Conclusion Potentially inappropriate prescription was detected in more than half of patients receiving antihypertensive treatment. Underprescription was more frequent than overprescription. ACEIs and beta-blockers were frequently underprescribed and were associated with heart failure admissions.

This paper presents a study of a new dc-dc non-isolated high gain converter called Double Zeta Quadratic Converter. From a single basic switching cell of a family of quadratic converters, the topological states, the waveforms of voltage and current, and the output characteristic graph of the converter are presented in this paper. To prove the advantages of this new topology as the high static gain and high efficiency, the raised curves are illustrated. Besides, the experimental results of the proposed converter are presented in this paper.

This work presents various multilevel converters obtained from basic dc-dc converters for high-voltage and high-power applications. Several cells are proposed, which have a single switching pattern realized via a simple modulator circuit that compares triangular carriers with a sine modulator. One of the main features of the proposed circuits is that some transistors work at low frequency and withstanding high voltages or high currents, while others are switched at high frequency and low voltage or low current levels. The topologies can be classified as hybrid. In addition, taking account that having the slow bridge as an output circuit means that a reduced number of semiconductor components leads to a relatively high number of levels.

© The Author(s)., For the first time, the synthesis, characterization, and analytical application for hydrogen peroxide quantification of the hybrid materials of Co2TiO4 (CTO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is reported, using in situ (CTO/RGO) and ex situ (CTO+RGO) preparations. This synthesis for obtaining nanostructured CTO is based on a one-step hydrothermal synthesis, with new precursors and low temperatures. The morphology, structure, and composition of the synthesized materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), neutron powder diffraction (NPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Rietveld refinements using neutron diffraction data were conducted to determine the cation distributions in CTO. Hybrid materials were also characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller adsorption isotherms, Scanning Electron microscopy, and scanning electrochemical microscopy. From an analytical point of view, we evaluated the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide on glassy carbon electrodes modified with hybrid materials. The analytical detection of hydrogen peroxide using CTO/RGO showed 11 and 5 times greater sensitivity in the detection of hydrogen peroxide compared with that of pristine CTO and RGO, respectively, and a two-fold increase compared with that of the RGO+CTO modified electrode. These results demonstrate that there is a synergistic effect between CTO and RGO that is more significant when the hybrid is synthetized through in situ methodology., Funding was provided by Conicyt-Fondecyt Chile (Grant N°1161225), Conicyt-FONDEQUIP Chile (Grant N° EQM170111), and Redes de Investigación 021842SG_RED: RCNM-USACH “Red de Caracterización de NanoMateriales—Universidad de Santiago de Chile”. Additional funding was provided by Ministerio de Economia (MINECO, Spain) under project RTI2018-095303-B-C51.

Background/aim There are two strategies for the interpretation of tumor markers (TM) in fluid effusions: i) high cut-off and ii) fluid/serum ratio (F/S) and low cut-off. The objective of this study is to compare these two strategies and to determine whether diagnostic accuracy improves by the identification of possible false positives using Adenosine deaminase (ADA), C reactive protein (CRP) and % of polymorphonuclear cells (%PN). Patients and methods We studied 157 ascitic fluids, 74 of which were malignant. ADA, CRP and %PN were determined in ascitic fluid, and Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4), Cancer antigen CA19-9 and Cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) in both fluid and serum. Results The strategy of high cut-off showed 59.5% sensitivity at 100% specificity. The F/S strategy showed 75.7% sensitivity at 95.2% specificity. Subclassifying cases with ADA, CRP and %PN negative showed 67.5% sensitivity at 100% specificity for high cut-off and for the F/S strategy was 81.7% sensitivity at 98.7% specificity. Conclusion The strategy of F/S with negative ADA, CRP and %PN allow the best interpretation for TM in the ascitic fluid.

For the first time, the synthesis, characterization, and analytical application for hydrogen peroxide quantification of the hybrid materials of Co2TiO4 (CTO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is reported, using in situ (CTO/RGO) and ex situ (CTO+RGO) preparations. This synthesis for obtaining nanostructured CTO is based on a one-step hydrothermal synthesis, with new precursors and low temperatures. The morphology, structure, and composition of the synthesized materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), neutron powder diffraction (NPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Rietveld refinements using neutron diffraction data were conducted to determine the cation distributions in CTO. Hybrid materials were also characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller adsorption isotherms, Scanning Electron microscopy, and scanning electrochemical microscopy. From an analytical point of view, we evaluated the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide on glassy carbon electrodes modified with hybrid materials. The analytical detection of hydrogen peroxide using CTO/RGO showed 11 and 5 times greater sensitivity in the detection of hydrogen peroxide compared with that of pristine CTO and RGO, respectively, and a two-fold increase compared with that of the RGO+CTO modified electrode. These results demonstrate that there is a synergistic effect between CTO and RGO that is more significant when the hybrid is synthetized through in situ methodology.

Pain in the right iliac fossa is a frequent reason for consultation and the diagnosis of appendicitis remains a challenge. The Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) stratifies the risk of suffering appendicitis, and abdominal ultrasound provides information without irradiation. This study aims to correlate the score and the ultrasound with the screening of appendicitis and evaluate its efficiency.Prospective study of cases and controls, analytical, observational and longitudinal. Patients15 years of age, treated for suspected appendicitis in the emergency department of a II level center, were evaluated for 6 months. The data were analyzed univariate and bivariate, using nonparametric and parametric tests according to the distribution.68 patients with pain in the right iliac fossa were included: 26 appendicitis (cases) (38.2%) and 42 (61.7%) other diagnoses (controls). The PAS in appendicitis was 7.5±1.8 and in other diagnoses 5.4±1.8 (p0.01). At 70.5% with PAS ≥4 an ultrasound was performed (diagnosis of appendicitis 58.1%, discarded 25.6% and inconclusive 16.3%). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated by PAS groups only, and including ultrasound. The best result was for PAS ≥4 with ultrasound with a sensitivity of 96.2%, specificity 94.1%, PPV 96.1% and NPV 94.1%.PAS is a good screening tool for the diagnosis of appendicitis. Ultrasound presents a high efficiency for the diagnosis of appendicitis. This efficiency improves when performed in the group of patients with PAS ≥4.El dolor en fosa ilíaca derecha es un motivo frecuente de consulta y el diagnóstico de apendicitis sigue siendo un reto. El Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) estratifica el riesgo de padecer apendicitis, y la ecografía abdominal aporta información sin irradiación. Este estudio pretende correlacionar su puntuación y la ecografía con el despistaje de apendicitis y valorar su rendimiento.Estudio prospectivo de casos y controles, analítico, observacional y longitudinal. Se evaluó a los pacientes15 años, atendidos por sospecha de apendicitis en urgencias de un centro de II nivel, durante 6 meses. Se analizaron los datos de forma univariante y bivariante, utilizando pruebas no paramétricas y paramétricas según la distribución.Se incluyeron 68 pacientes con dolor en fosa ilíaca derecha: 26 apendicitis (casos) (38,2%) y 42 (61,7%) otros diagnósticos (controles). El PAS en apendicitis fue de 7,5±1,8 y en otros diagnósticos de 5,4±1,8 (p0,01). Al 70,5% con PAS ≥4 se les realizó una ecografía (diagnósticas de apendicitis 58,1%, descartaron 25,6% y no concluyentes 16,3%). Se calculó la sensibilidad y especificidad por grupos de PAS solamente, e incluyendo la ecografía. El mejor resultado fue para PAS ≥4 con realización de ecografía con una sensibilidad 96,2%, especificidad 94,1%, VPP 96,1% y VPN 94,1%.El PAS es una buena herramienta de cribado para el diagnóstico de apendicitis. La ecografía presenta un alto rendimiento para el diagnóstico de apendicitis. Este rendimiento mejora al realizarla en el grupo de pacientes con PAS ≥4.

Background/aim Approximately 20% of pleural effusions are associated with cancer; about 50% require invasive procedures to perform diagnosis. Determination of the concentration of soluble cytokeratin 19-fragments (CYFRA21-1) may help identify patients with malignant effusions. However, pathologies other than cancer can increase its concentration. The identification of these possible false positives with routine tests CRP, ADA, % polymorphonuclear cells (PN) may improve diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of CYFRA21-1 in the detection of malignant pleural effusions and the possible false positives. Materials and methods Analysis of CYFRA21-1, adenosine deaminase (ADA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PN%) in the fluid from 643 consecutive undiagnosed pleural effusions was performed. Results CYFRA21-1 showed 38.7% sensitivity and 97.3% specificity at 175 ng/ml cut-off. Effusions not suspicious of a false-positive showed 39.0% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity, while effusions suspicious of false positive showed lower sensitivity (36.4%) and specificity (95.0%). Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of CYFRA21-1 in pleural effusions can be improved by classification according to the possibility of false positives.

Background The mollecular pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome is complex (environmental triggers, predisposed individuals). Previous studies suggested that infection may lead to the development of transiently elevated non-thrombogenic aPL antibodies. However, there are increasing case reports of patients with viral infections who develop antiphospholipid antibodies and thromboembolic events. Objectives To evaluate the role of acute viral infections in the development of thrombotic events related to aPL transitory (or permanent) positivity. Methods We include patients with a current viral infection that was diagnosed before elevated aPL antibodies were identified. One positive laboratory test either LA, aCL, or anti β2 GPI antibodies after a prior diagnosis of infection was required ( Results From January 2014 to date we have collected 40 cases with a demonstrated acute virosis and an aPL positive result with a thrombotic manifestation. 9 cases (22.5%) for Epstein-Barr virus, 17 cases (42.5%) were positive for CMV, 8 (20%) for Parvovirus B19, 3 cases were positive for Influenza A H1N1,3 for HIV, 1 for RSV, 1 for HCV and 1 case for Rotavirus. Lupus anticoagulant (L A) positivity was showed in 22 cases (55%), 15 cases (37.5%) tested positive for IgM anticardiolipin antibody and 13 cases (32.5%) also tested positive for IgM anti-β2GPI antibodies. Unfortunately, anti-prothrombin antibodies could not been analysed. The clinical manifestations were: leg deep venous thrombosis (17 cases) (42.5%), pulmonary embolism (5 cases) (12.5%), superior limbs (3 cases)(7.5%) livedoid vasculopathy (3 cases) (7.5%), splenic infarction (1 case), ovarian venous thrombosis (1 case). Only four arterial thromboses were observed: superior limbs (2 cases), digital ischemia (1case) and transverse myelitis (1 case). We have observed how the IgM virus related antibody became negative and the aPL became negative in parallel in 20/40 cases (50%). Conclusion We hypothesized that thrombotic manifestations of aPL-related acute viral infections are underdiagnosed, and probably in predisposed host, some viral infections may induce the transient apparition of aPL, mainly those with LA activity with potential pathogenic thrombotic properties. References [1] Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T, Branch DW, Brey RL, Cervera R, et al. International consensus statement on an Update of classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost. 2006Feb;4(2):295-306. [2] Ascer E, Marques M, Gidlund M. M pneumoniae infection, pulmonary thromboembolism and antphospholipid antibodies. BMJ Case Rep. 2011Apr19;2011. [3] Abuaf N, Laperche S, Rajoely B, et al. Autoantibodies to phospholipids and to the coagulation proteins in AIDS. Thromb Haemost1997; 77: 856–861. Disclosure of Interests None declared

The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) has proposed different methods and cut-off points for the three parameters that define sarcopenia: muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Although this facilitates clinical practice, it limits comparability between studies and leads to wide differences in published prevalence rates. The aim of this study was to assess how changes in cut-off points for muscle mass, gait speed and grip strength affected sarcopenia prevalence according to EWGSOP criteria. Cross-sectional analysis of elderly individuals recruited from outpatient clinics (n=298) and nursing homes (n=276). We measured muscle mass, grip strength and gait speed and assessed how changes in cut-off points changed sarcopenia prevalence in both populations. An increase from 5.45 kg/m2 to 6.68 kg/m2 in the muscle mass index for female outpatients and nursing-home residents increased sarcopenia prevalence from 4% to 23% and from 9% to 47%, respectively; for men, for an increase from 7.25 kg/m2 to 8.87 kg/m2, the corresponding increases were from 1% to 22% and from 6% to 41%, respectively. Changes in gait speed and grip strength had a limited impact on sarcopenia prevalence. The cut-off points used for muscle mass affect the reported prevalence rates for sarcopenia and, in turn, affect comparability between studies. The main factors influencing the magnitude of the change are muscle mass index distribution in the population and the absolute value of the cut-off points: the same difference between two references (e.g., 7.5 kg/m2 to 7.75 kg/m2 or 7.75 kg/m2 to 8 kg/m2) may produce different changes in prevalence. Changes in cut-off points for gait speed and grip strength had a limited impact on sarcopenia prevalence and on study comparability.

Resumen Introduccion El objetivo principal del estudio es conocer la prevalencia de sarcopenia, segun criterios del European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, en ancianos que viven en residencia. Metodos Estudio multicentrico en personas mayores de 70 capaces de caminar que viven en residencias. La composicion corporal se evaluo mediante bioimpedanciometria, la fuerza de prension con un dinamometro Jamar y la velocidad de la marcha sobre un recorrido de 4 m. La sarcopenia se evaluo utilizando los criterios del European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (velocidad 2 en hombres o 2 en mujeres). Resultados Se incluyeron 276 personas (mediana de edad 87,2 anos; 69% mujeres), un 37% tenia sarcopenia (15% hombres, 46% mujeres), un 37% baja masa muscular, un 86% lentitud al caminar y un 95% debilidad muscular. La prevalencia de sarcopenia se incremento con la edad. El 90% de las personas con sarcopenia presentaban conjuntamente una disminucion de fuerza y velocidad. El 39% de personas con lentitud y el 38% de personas con debilidad muscular tenian sarcopenia. Conclusiones La presencia de sarcopenia es un problema frecuente en personas mayores que viven en residencias, especialmente en mujeres. La mayor parte de los casos son graves, con una disminucion concurrente de la fuerza muscular y de rendimiento fisico. Aunque la funcionalidad muscular esta alterada en 9 de cada 10 participantes, la mayoria de ellos tiene preservada la masa muscular.

In this work, a cationic porphyrin, ascribed as [Ttolyl(P-(C6H5)3)4]4+, where Ttolyl = 5,10,15,20 tetrakistolylporphyrin, was electrostatically assembled with CdTe quantum dots capped with glutathione (GSH) of diameter ~3.28 nm via a layer-by-layer methodology. This multilayer assembly was evaluated as a biocompatible interface with synergic effects for calf thymus double-stranded DNA (CT DNA) immobilization, considering that the hybrid assembly contains a cationic porphyrin with a high binding constant for CT DNA, and quantum dots with polypeptide as a capping agent. The multilayer assembly, ascribed as ITO/{[Ttolyl(P-(C6H5)3)4]4+/CdTe} n (n = 1–5), was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The last technique was explored in order to check the adsorption of CT DNA onto the multilayer porphyrin/quantum dot assembly. The difference in electron transfer resistance (ΔR ct) obtained after CT DNA incubations showed the best result for a specific multilayer assembly, n = 3. {[Ttolyl(P-(C6H5)3)4]4+/CdTe}3 showed a good correlation of ΔR ct with the logarithmic concentration of CT DNA, in the range 1.0 × 10−10 to 1.0 × 10−6 M with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.5 × 10−12 M. Conversely, when the {[Ttolyl(P-(C6H5)3)4]4+/CdTe}3 system was incubated with calf thymus single-stranded DNA and salmon testes DNA, no significant difference in ΔR ct was observed. We conclude that the newly described {[Ttolyl(P-(C6H5)3)4]4+/CdTe} n system is a choice method for the impedimetric determination of CT DNA.

Nowadays there is a consumer demand for healthy foods, therefore, the production and consumption of fruits and vegetables is increasing. Among vegetables, the artichoke is considered a healthy food because of its phytochemical and nutritional composition. The central portion of the head of the artichoke and the proximal part of the stem are the edible parts of the plant, containing high bioactive compound contents such as inulin, minerals, vitamins, fiber, and polyphenols, all of which are responsible for its beneficial health effects. At the same time, artichoke by-products (distal stems, leaves, and external parts of the head) are also rich in bioactive compounds, and thus they can be used as a source of healthy ingredients in the development of functional foods. Some “in vitro” and “in vivo” human studies, have related artichoke extracts with the prevention/treatment of degenerative disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and breast and colon cancers.

Objectives To assess the impact of hip fracture (HF) on health care expenditures and resource use. Design Observational, retrospective study. An administrative registry was used to obtain sociodemographic, clinical, and expenditure data of patients treated in centers all over Catalonia (North-East Spain). Setting and participants Male and female patients aged 65 years or older admitted to a Catalonian hospital due to hip fracture (HF) between January 1 2012, and December 31, 2016. Measures The study data set included the expenditure and frequency of using nonemergency transport, rehabilitation, skilled nursing facility, specialist visits, admissions to the emergency department, hospitalization, pharmacy, and primary care. The patient status at each time point included living at home, staying in hospital, staying in a skilled nursing facility, institutionalized in a nursing home, and death. Results The record included 38,628 patients (74.4% female) with a mean [standard deviation (SD)] age of 84.9 (7.07) years. The average expenditure per patient during the first year after hospital admission was €11,721.06, the index hospitalization being the leading expenditure (€4740.29). Expenditures related to hospitalization and skilled nursing facility remained higher than preinjury throughout the 3 years following HF. Three years after the index admission, 44.9% of patients had died, 39.7% were living in their homes, 14.2% were in a nursing home, 0.9% were in a skilled nursing facility, and 0.3% were in hospital. The expenditure of hospitalizations, primary care, and visits to the emergency department increased few months before the HF. Conclusions In patients hospitalized for HF, the expenditure per patient decreases after hospital discharge but the use of healthcare resources is not restored to preinjury values. The increase of expenditures associated with primary care services, hospitalization, and emergency department services during the few months preceding hospital admission suggests a decline of health status in these patients.

Importance The increased mortality after hip fracture (HF) is caused by multiple factors, and large samples are needed to assess the weight of each factor. To date, few studies have investigated these factors through a total cohort approach, and the complexity of underlying medical conditions has not been considered. Objective To investigate the influence of demographic and clinical characteristics on increased mortality risk in elderly patients with hip fracture (HF). Design Retrospective, total cohort study collecting 4-year data. Setting All hospitals and primary care units owned by, or associated with, Catalonia's local health department (CatSalut) (north-east Spain). Participants All patients aged ≥65 years, admitted to Catalan hospitals from CatSalut because of a HF between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2015. Exposure Hip fracture. Main outcome measures The main outcome was survival. Measures regarding demographic and clinical characteristics at the moment of hospital admission included age, sex, osteoporosis treatment, previous fractures, type of intervention, nutritional status, and comorbidities. Patients were stratified using the Adjusted Morbidity Groups (GMA) risk assessment tool. Results Of the 30,552 patients included in the study sample, 10,439 (34%) died during follow-up, 6821 (22%) within the first year after hospital admission. Mean (SD) age was 84 (7) years; 75% were female. Baseline factors with greater influence on survival were age (HRs 1.44 [95% CI 1.22–1.70], 2.38 [2.03–2.79], and 4.38 [3.73–5.15] for age groups 70–79, 80–89, and >89, respectively), underweight (HR 1.65 [1.36–2.01]), lack of surgical intervention (HR 2.64 [2.47–2.83]), and very high risk stratum of GMA risk (HR 1.58 [1.45–1.73]). Vitamin D/calcium supplementation and osteoporosis treatment showed a significant but moderate influence on mortality (HRs 0.84 (0.79–0.88) and 0.92 [0.85–0.99], respectively). Conclusions and relevance In elderly patients with HF, age and health status factors at hospital admission have the greatest impact on mortality risk after hospital admission. Our findings encourage a comprehensive intervention aimed at improving underlying medical conditions of HF patients.

Some artisan products with high fat content, particularly saturated fat, are perceived as unbalanced foods. The “Murcia's meat pie” (MMP) is a Spanish artisan product with ground beef as the main filling ingredient. The aim of this study was to improve the healthy properties of MMP maintaining its original organoleptic quality. Four MMP which were different in the proportion and anatomic location of the cuts of beef were assessed. The MMP most recommended for human consumption was elaborated with ground beef prepared with neck (20 g/100 g) and chuck (80 g/100 g) because of having a lower fat content than the control (37 g/100 g) and the most recommended fatty acid profile. The study showed that a better selection of one or more ingredients can be a valuable strategy for improving the healthy properties of artisan products, without diminishing the sensory attributes. This would allow maintaining the identity, cultural and gastronomic heritage of each country.

Resumen Introduccion El objetivo principal del estudio es evaluar si una intervencion multidimensional en los ancianos que han sido ingresados por neumonia disminuye los reingresos hospitalarios y el numero de consultas a urgencias durante el ano siguiente a la intervencion. Metodologia Ensayo clinico no farmacologico unicentrico con 2 grupos de estudio paralelos en los que los pacientes son asignados aleatoriamente. Se incluiran 314 pacientes (157 en cada grupo). Seran sujetos del estudio los pacientes ≥ 65 anos con indice de Barthel ≥ 60 que ingresen por neumonia. El grupo intervencion recibira a los 2 meses del ingreso por neumonia una intervencion geriatrica realizada por un medico y una enfermera en la que se incluyen los siguientes componentes: vacunacion, nutricion, estado funcional, estado cognitivo y comorbilidades. El grupo control realizara el seguimiento convencional. Se evaluara al ano de la intervencion el numero de ingresos, consultas a urgencias, estado funcional, supervivencia e institucionalizacion. Si esta intervencion demostrara mejorar las variables estudiadas, dispondriamos de una intervencion estandarizada y relativamente sencilla que nos permitiria mejorar los resultados de salud a nivel individual e indirectamente disminuir los costes relacionados con la asistencia a estos pacientes.

Zinc Stannate was prepared at 200 °C by hydrothermal method. The X-Ray diffraction data indicate the obtained compound crystallized in the Fd3m space group characteristic of a cubic spinel structure. SEM-EDX and backscattered electrons show and confirm the purity and homogeneity of the final sample. The ZTO pressed pellet, sintered at 825 °C, for 1 h, reveals a single, slightly flattened, impedance semicircle and homogeneous electrical microstructure.

Summary In this study, the effect of the particle-size fractionation (O

8 pags, 9 figs, 4 tabs, The transparent semiconductor ZnSnO with cubic spinel structure and the isostructural ZnTiO have been magnetically doped with Co. ZnCoSnO and ZnCoTiO exhibit ferrimagnetism below T ≈ 13 K and T ≈ 17 K. Ferrimagnetic moments are evident in M vs H curves below T by small hysteresis. Fits to strictly linear Curie-Weiss plots above T give μ ≈ 4.86 μ and ≈4.91 μ for ZnCoSnO and ZnCoTiO, above theoretical predictions. Impedance spectroscopy data from sintered ceramic can be fitted with a standard equivalent circuit model based on two RC elements for bulk and GB areas. The relative dielectric permittivity of the bulk is ≈20 and ≈30 for ZnSnO and ZnTiO. The semiconducting ZnCoSnO and ZnCoTiOceramics exhibit bulk resistivity of ≈1 10 Ω cm and ≈1 10 Ω cm at 560 K (287 °C), and bulk activation energies of E ≈ 1.2 eV and 1.1 eV., R.S. acknowledges a travel grant (Convenio Internacional) from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid to visit the USACH in Chile. JPG thanks the Spanish MINECO for granting a Juan de la Cierva fellowship. Spanish MINECO grant MAT2014-52405-C2-2-R is also acknowledged.

Background: Patients older than 95 years of age can be categorized according to three morbidity profiles: escapers, delayers, and survivors. The aim of this study was to describe the baseline characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, and cumulative mortality of extremely elderly patients admitted with hip fractures and to examine whether there were differences between patients without age-related illnesses (escapers) and others in the same age group (survivors when age-associated illnesses were diagnosed before the age of 80, delayers when these illnesses appeared after the age of 80). Methods: A retrospective review of clinical and outcome data of all patients older than 95 years of age admitted with hip fractures. Results: Two hundred patients older than 95 years were admitted with hip fractures between December 2009 and September 2015. Eighty-six per cent of patients had at least one in-hospital complication. In-hospital mortality was 12.5 per cent; cumulative mortality rates at 30 days, 3 months, and 1 year were 20.3, 30.8, and 50.5 per cent, respectively. There were 15 (7.5%) escaper patients. Compared with other patients with age-related illnesses, they took fewer drugs, had lower Charlson scores, a higher Barthel index score, shorter length of hospital stay, less delay in surgery, and more often required discharge to an in-patient rehabilitation facility. No differences in cumulative mortality were noted. Conclusions: Escaper patients had better baseline characteristics, shorter length of hospital stay, and delay in surgery. Nevertheless, their in-hospital and cumulative mortality rates were similar to those of other patients older than 95 years.

To analyze factors related to drug-resistant pathogens (DRPs) in community-onset pneumonia (COP) and whether previously suggested criteria are useful in our emergency-department.Prospective 1-year study of adults coming to the emergency department for COP. We assessed the usefulness of criteria used in health-care-associated pneumonia (HCAP), as well the Shorr index, the Barthel index, and clinical suspicion of resistant pathogens. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).We included 139 patients with a mean (SD) age of 75.9 (15.3) years; 63.3% were men. Forty-nine COP patients (35.2%) were at risk for DRP-caused pneumonia according to HCAP criteria; 43 (30.9%) according to the Shorr index, and 56 (40.3%) according to the Aliberti index. A score of less than 60 derived from the Barthel index was recorded for 25 patients (18%). Clinical suspicion of a DRP was recorded for 11 (7.9%). A DRP was isolated in 5 patients (3.6%) (3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 2, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified 2 predictors of DRP-caused COP: hospital admission within the last 90 days (odds ratio [OR], 8.92; 95% CI, 1.92-41.45) and initial arterial blood oxygen saturation (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74-0.98). The AUC was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85-0.98). The model identified 22 patients (16.8%) at risk for DRP-caused pneumonia. The positive and negative predictive values were 20% and 99.1%, respectively, for the model 90-day period (vs 8.7% and 98.9%, respectively, for criteria used in HCAP).Hospitalization within the 90-day period before a COP emergency and arterial blood oxygen saturation were good predictors of DRP in our setting. Criteria of DRP in HCAP, on the other hand, had lower ability to identify patients at risk in COP.Analizar en las neumonías de la comunidad diagnosticados en nuestro centro los predictores de etiología por patógenos resistentes (PR) y evaluar la utilidad de distintos criterios de riesgo de PR previamente sugeridos.Se estudiaron prospectivamente durante 1 año los pacientes adultos procedentes de la comunidad atendidos en el servicio de urgencias (SU) por neumonía. Se evaluaron los criterios definitorios de neumonía asociada al cuidado sanitario (NACS), así como los índices de Shorr, Aliberti y Barthel y el juicio clínico de PR. Se realizó regresión logística múltiple y se calculó el área bajo la curva receptor-operador (ABC-ROC).Se incluyeron 139 pacientes con una edad media de 75 (DE: 15,3) años, el 63,3% varones. Tenían riesgo de PR según los criterios de NACS 49 (35,2%), según el índice de Shorr 43 (30,9%) y según índice de Aliberti 56 (40,3%). Se encontró un I. Barthel60 en 25 enfermos (18%) y juicio clínico de PR en 11 (7,9%). Se aisló PR en el 3,6% (3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa y 2 Staphylococcus aureus meticilin resistentes). En el análisis multivariado fueron predictores de PR el haber ingresado en los 90 días previos, con una odds ratio (OR) de 8,92 [intervalo de confianza (IC) 95%: 1,92-41,45], y la saturación inicial de oxígeno, con una OR de 0,85 [IC 95%: 0,74-0,98] con ABC-ROC de 0,91 (IC 95%: 0,85-0,98). Nuestro modelo identificó 22 pacientes (16,8%) con riesgo de PR, con valor predictivo positivo y negativo del 20% y 99,1%, respectivamente, frente a un 8,7% y 98,9%, respectivamente para NACS.En las neumonías de nuestro centro el antecedente de ingreso en los 90 días previos junto con la saturación de oxígeno fueron buenos predictores de PR, mientras que los criterios de NACS tuvieron menor capacidad de discriminación.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays an important role as an intermediary in different biological, chemical and environmental systems. It has been widely used as an oxidizing and antimicrobial agent, in germicides production and textile and paper bleaching. However, it is well known, that H2O2 is a possible responsible in many diseases and is a chemical agent that threatens the environment, so it becomes important to detect peroxide with high accuracy. In this study, carbon paste electrode (CPE), modified with Co2SnO4 was synthesized and tested. It was successfully obtained a non-enzymatic H2O2 detection type sensor, based on Co2SnO4/ CPE composite, showing good linear response in concentration of H2O2 in the range of 88 - 605.9 μM.

In this study, the basic chemical composition and functional properties of six by-product fractions collected from different steps of artichoke industrial processing were evaluated. Fractions differed in thermal treatment, the bract position in the artichoke head and the cutting size. Contents of moisture, ash, protein, fat, dietary fibre, inulin, total phenolics, total flavonoids, caffeoyl derivatives and flavones were analysed. Antioxidant activity values were also determined. All assessed artichoke by-product fractions contained high-dietary fibre (53.6-67.0%) and low fat (2.5-3.7%). Artichoke by-product fractions contained high levels of inulin, especially in the boiled inner bracts (30%). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity (153-729 μmol gallic acid equivalents, 6.9-19.2 μmol quercetin equivalents and 85-234 μmol ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of dry matter, respectively) varied widely with the bract positions in the artichoke head and the thermal treatments. The more interesting fractions for use as functional ingredients were those situated closer to the artichoke heart and thermally treated.

Resumen Introduccion Existen hasta ahora pocos estudios sistematicos con los nuevos criterios diagnosticos sobre la prevalencia de la sarcopenia en distintos niveles asistenciales geriatricos. Objetivo Conocer la prevalencia de sarcopenia, aplicando los criterios y el algoritmo diagnostico propuesto por el European Working Group on Sarcopenia in older People (EWGSOP), en personas mayores que acuden a consultas externas de geriatria y en aquellas que estan ingresadas en residencias. Material y metodos Estudio multicentrico nacional en 2 muestras de personas mayores: una formada por aquellas que acuden a consultas externas de geriatria hospitalarias, y la otra por aquellas que estan ingresadas en una residencia. Se recogen variables demograficas, antecedentes clinicos, medicamentos consumidos, presencia de sindromes geriatricos, situacion funcional (valoracion de las actividades basicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria), movilidad, situacion cognitiva, comorbilidad, calidad de vida, valoracion nutricional y parametros analiticos. Para realizar el diagnostico de sarcopenia se valora la velocidad de la marcha (4 m), la fuerza de prension de la mano y la composicion corporal mediante bioimpedanciometria. Resultados Utilizando el algoritmo diagnostico del EWGSOP se espera obtener datos sobre la prevalencia de sarcopenia en la poblacion mayor espanola. Ademas se analizara la concordancia entre los 3 parametros de la definicion (masa muscular, fuerza muscular y rendimiento fisico) y se aplicaran los diferentes puntos de corte existentes para cada uno de ellos, explorando el rendimiento diagnostico de cada uno de ellos. Por ultimo, se analizaran los datos demograficos, antropometricos y funcionales que definen a los pacientes con sarcopenia Conclusiones El estudio ELLI permitira profundizar en el conocimiento de la prevalencia de sarcopenia en los mayores de nuestro entorno.