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1. Statistical inference methods and stable isotopes as a tool for predicting the quality of marine bathing waters

Author

Davor Mance and Diana Mance

Subjects
statistical inference methods, stable isotopes, marine bathing waters quality
Abstract

The movement of water as a scarce resource through the soil is a physical, causal-mechanical process characterized by the ability to continuously transfer a marker in space and time. A process is capable of transferring a marker if the marker, once introduced at a particular location, persists at other locations without further interaction. In this sense, stable isotopes are markers that are transferred from one location to another over time. The analysis of multiple indicators across space and time is known in statistics as longitudinal data analysis or panel data analysis. We show how some of these relatively new inductive statistical inference methods, in conjunction with known deductive nomological models, can be useful in building a predictive model for the quality of marine bathing waters in the Kvarner Bay (Adriatic Sea, Croatia).This work was supported by the University of Rijeka under the project numbers: uniri-pr-prirod-19-24, UNIRI CLASS – A1-21-8 34.

Published
2023

2. Panel Evidence from EU Countries on CO2 Emission Indicators during the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Author

Heri Bezić, Davor Mance, and Davorin Balaž

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Geography, Planning and Development, Building and Construction, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, EU, CO2 emissions, innovation activity, human capital, technological development, institutions, institution
Abstract

Research question and the most important issue in this paper relates to the determination of CO2 emission drivers in EU and the possibility of its reduction in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. EU strategies and economic policies are directed toward sustainable development, with special emphasis on reducing CO2 emissions towards carbon neutrality. The method used in this research is the Panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) two-step dynamic estimator on 27 EU countries in the period 2012–2019. The research resulted with the following findings: innovation activity, industrial structure and development, human capital, and institutional framework; these are all statistically associated with CO2 emission levels in a negative manner, thus, contribute significantly to the reduction in CO2 emissions. Following the empirical results, it may be concluded that reaching sustainable development goals requires the EU to enhance innovation activity, technological development, reshape its industrial structure, create high-quality human capital, and increase the quality of its public institutions.

Published
2022
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3. Teoremi nemogućnosti u ekonomici zdravstva

Author

Davor Mance

Subjects
ethics, health care costs, health economics, public health, General Medicine, ekonomika zdravstva, etika, javno zdravstvo, troškovi zdravstvenog sustava
Abstract

Sažetak. Kolektivno odlučivanje podložno je nemogućnosti agregiranja preferencija pojedinaca u društvenu funkciju blagostanja, nemogućnosti agregiranja ordinalnih preferencija u društvenu funkciju odlučivanja te nemogućnosti agregiranja preferencija prema međusobno neusporedivim kriterijima. Ovi problemi, za koje postoje formalni teoremi dokaza, mogu imati značajne posljedice za društvo na primjeru odlučivanja u javnom zdravstvu. Metodološka nemogućnost agregiranja preferencija dodatno je uvećana etičkim problemima, što se može vidjeti iz trenutnih primjera alokacije oskudnih cjepiva. Međutim, bez nekog oblika društvenog agregiranja preferencija ili nekog oblika odlučivanja, javni sektor, pa tako i javno zdravstvo ne može obavljati svoju djelatnost. U radu se ukazuje na neke od problema koji se javljaju zbog trenutnog načina alokacije., Collective decision-making is subject to the impossibility of aggregating the preferences of individuals into a social welfare function, the impossibility of aggregating ordinal preferences into a social decision-making function, and the impossibility of aggregating preferences according to mutually incomparable criteria. These problems, for which there are formal theorems of evidence, could have significant consequences for society as for example in case of public health decision-making. Ethical issues, as can be seen from current examples of scarce vaccine allocation, exacerbate the methodological impossibility of aggregating preferences. However, without some form of social aggregation of preferences, or social decision making rules, the public sector, and thus public health systems, cannot perform their activity. This paper will try to summarize some of the problems that arise due to the current way of allocating scarce goods in health care.

Published
2021
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4. In-flight testing of the injection of the LISA Pathfinder test mass into a geodesic

Author

D. Vignotto, Oliver Jennrich, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, A. Zambotti, D. Hoyland, Pierre Binétruy, Michele Armano, I. Harrison, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, M. Freschi, Gerhard Heinzel, N. Meshksar, Christian J. Killow, Luigi Ferraioli, Antonella Cavalleri, R. Giusteri, Peter Zweifel, Tamara Sumner, J. Grzymisch, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, Catia Grimani, H. Ward, S. Vitale, L. Liu, E. Castelli, J. Martino, Miquel Nofrarías, B. Kaune, Daniele Vetrugno, M. de Deus Silva, A. Wittchen, Mauro Hueller, L. Wissel, L. Martin-Polo, J. A. Lobo, S. Paczkowski, Nikolaos Karnesis, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, D. I. Robertson, G. Dixon, M.-S. Hartig, N. Korsakova, Domenico Giardini, Heather Audley, C. Zanoni, Davor Mance, Martin Hewitson, José F. F. Mendes, D. Texier, Ph. Jetzer, F. Rivas, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ferran Gibert, P. Pivato, J. Baird, Karsten Danzmann, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, W. J. Weber, H. Inchauspe, Ingo Diepholz, E. D. Fitzsimons, Peter Wass, Rita Dolesi, A. M. Cruise, J. Reiche, Lluis Gesa, R. Maarschalkerweerd, F. Martin-Porqueras, Daniel Hollington, M. Born, James Ira Thorpe, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Université, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Federal Ministry for Economics Affairs and Energy (Germany), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), UK Space Agency, University of Glasgow, Swiss National Science Foundation, University of Birmingham, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
velocity, Atmospheric Science, experimental methods, detector: satellite, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Mission critical, Aerospace Engineering, Residual, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, LISA Pathfinder, Acceleration, Impulse measurement, Space mechanism in-flight testing, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], force: electrostatic, noise: acceleration, Aerospace engineering, capture, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Injection into geodesic motion, LISA, mass: injection, Payload, business.industry, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gravitational radiation detector, Telecommand, experimental equipment, Geophysics, Pathfinder, gravitation, Space and Planetary Science, trajectory, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Trajectory, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, business, geodesic, experimental results, LISA pathfinder
Abstract

LISA Pathfinder is a technology demonstrator space mission, aimed at testing key technologies for detecting gravitational waves in space. The mission is the precursor of LISA, the first space gravitational waves observatory, whose launch is scheduled for 2034. The LISA Pathfinder scientific payload includes two gravitational reference sensors (GRSs), each one containing a test mass (TM), which is the sensing body of the experiment. A mission critical task is to set each TM into a pure geodesic motion, i.e. guaranteeing an extremely low acceleration noise in the sub-Hertz frequency bandwidth. The grabbing positioning and release mechanism (GPRM), responsible for the injection of the TM into a geodesic trajectory, was widely tested on ground, with the limitations imposed by the 1-g environment. The experiments showed that the mechanism, working in its nominal conditions, is capable of releasing the TM into free-fall fulfilling the very strict constraint imposed on the TM residual velocity, in order to allow its capture on behalf of the electrostatic actuation. However, the first in-flight releases produced unexpected residual velocity components, for both the TMs. Moreover, all the residual velocity components were greater than maximum value set by the requirements. The main suspect is that unexpected contacts took place between the TM and the surroundings bodies. As a consequence, ad hoc manual release procedures had to be adopted for the few following injections performed during the nominal mission. These procedures still resulted in non compliant TM states which were captured only after impacts. However, such procedures seem not practicable for LISA, both for the limited repeatability of the system and for the unmanageable time lag of the telemetry/telecommand signals (about 4400 s). For this reason, at the end of the mission, the GPRM was deeply tested in-flight, performing a large number of releases, according to different strategies. The tests were carried out in order to understand the unexpected dynamics and limit its effects on the final injection. Some risk mitigation maneuvers have been tested aimed at minimizing the vibration of the system at the release and improving the alignment between the mechanism and the TM. However, no overall optimal release strategy to be implemented in LISA could be found, because the two GPRMs behaved differently., This work has been made possible by the LISA Pathfinder mission, which is part of the space-science programme of the European Space Agency.The French contribution has been supported by the CNES (Accord Specific de projet CNES 1316634/CNRS 103747), the CNRS, the Observatoire de Paris and the University Paris-Diderot.E. Plagnol and H. Inchauspé would also like to acknowledge the financial support of the UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cité (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02).The Albert-Einstein-Institut acknowledges the support of the German Space Agency, DLR. The work is supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy based on a resolution of the German Bundestag (FKZ 50OQ0501 and FKZ 50OQ1601).The Italian contribution has been supported by Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare.The Spanish contribution has been supported by contracts AYA2010-15709 (MICINN), ESP2013-47637-P, and ESP2015-67234-P (MINECO).M. Nofrarias acknowledges support from Fundacion General CSIC (Programa ComFuturo).F. Rivas acknowledges an FPI contract (MINECO). The Swiss contribution acknowledges the support of the Swiss Space Office (SSO) via the PRODEX Programme of ESA. L. Ferraioli is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation.The UK groups wish to acknowledge support from the United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA), the University of Glasgow, the University of Birmingham,Imperial College, and the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA). J. I. Thorpe and J. Slutsky acknowledge the support of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Published
2021
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5. Mergers and Acquisitions as a Consequence of Declining Innovation Productivity in Pharmaceuticals: Evidence from Croatia

Author

Davor Mance, Antonija Gudelj, and Nenad Vretenar

Subjects
acquisitions, business.industry, pharmaceutical industry, M&As, pharmaceutical industry, R&D, General Medicine, lcsh:Business, Market economy, Mergers and acquisitions, mergers, Business, lcsh:HF5001-6182, Productivity, esearch and development, Pharmaceutical industry
Abstract

Declining productivity of pharmaceutical innovation resulted in an increased number of mergers & acquisitions in the pharmaceutical industry. Increased investments into research & development lack the resulting increases in patentable new substances. As a result, the once market leaders are not buying their followers, but the generics producers are buying unsuccessful innovators. We show the case of Pliva: once regional pharma leader that declined into a generics producer's subsidiary. The Pliva sought new ideas by acquiring several research centres. After these acquisitions produced no visible results, the company itself was a target, first by another unsuccessful R&D based company and lastly, by a successful generics producer.

Published
2020
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6. The use of 2H and 18O isotopes in the study of coastal karstic aquifers

Author

Diana Mance, Danijela Lenac, Maja Radišić, Davor Mance, Josip Rubinić, Bonora, Laura, Carboni, Donatella, De Vincenzi, Matteo, and Matteucci, Giorgio

Subjects
oastal environmental physics, Coastal karstic aquifer, Stable isotopes, Statistical modelling
Abstract

Complexity of karst groundwater networks requires implementation of standard hydrogeological monitoring and unconventional methods of investigation. We present the results of isotope composition analysis for three karst springs and rain water collected in their hinterland. During two years, spring water samples were collected on a weekly and rain samples on a monthly basis. The main findings are: winter precipitation of Mediterranean origin dominates springs' recharge, a dual porosity model is a fit for the studied systems, and hinterlands of the springs have different retention capabilities.

Published
2022
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7. Reaction of Zagreb Stock Exchange CROBEX Index to macroeconomic announcements within a high frequency time interval

Author

Bojana Olgić Draženović, Tomasz Schabek, and Davor Mance

Subjects
Physics, Economics and Econometrics, Index (economics), emerging markets, lcsh:Economic theory. Demography, croatian financial market, intraday returns, lcsh:HB1-3840, Animal science, macroeconomic announcements, Business and International Management, Croatian financial market, CROBEX, Finance, crobex
Abstract

Svrha ovog rada je analizirati reakcije CROBEX indeksa Zagrebačke burze na odabrane makroekonomske najave u vrlo kratkim vremenskim intervalima. U radu se koriste varijable stopa prinosa od 5 minuta od rujna 2017. do ožujka 2018. kao i 25 makroekonomskih najava. Nakon pažljive provedbe faze pripreme podataka, utvrđena je regresija za koju se koriste dummy varijable koje predstavljaju točno vrijeme objavljivanja. U obzir je uzeta heteroskedastičnost i autokorelacijske konzistentne (HAC) procjene zbog specifičnosti unutardnevnih podataka i robusnosti rezultata. Naši rezultati upućuju na to da su za unutardnevna kratka razdoblja reakcije tržišta statistički značajne. Stoga se zaključuje da se makroekonomska politika (monetarna ili fiskalna) odražava na stope prinosa hrvatskih dioničkih indeksa. Navedeno potvrđuje hipotezu učinkovitog tržišta i u skladu su sa zaključcima sličnih studija razvijenih gospodarstava., The purpose of this study is to analyse Zagreb Stock Exchange CROBEX Index reactions to selected macroeconomic announcements within ultra-short time intervals. We utilize 5-minute rates of returns from September 2017 to March 2018 and 25 macroeconomic announcements. After carefully arranging the data, we ran the regression with dummy variables capturing the exact announcement times. We used heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) estimations in order to account for specific characteristics of intraday data and to retain the robustness of the results. Our results indicate that, for short intraday periods, some reactions are statistically significant, but the majority stays insignificant. These conclusions support the semi-strong form of the efficient-market hypothesis and are in line with inferences of similar studies of advanced economies.

Published
2019

8. Seismic High-Resolution Acquisition Electronics for the NASA InSight Mission on Mars

Author

William T. Pike, W. Bruce Banerdt, John Clinton, M. Bierwirth, Thomas Haag, Philippe Lognonné, Fabian Euchner, David Sollberger, Michel Eberhardt, Domenico Giardini, Cedric Schmelzbach, Davor Mance, Savas Ceylan, Tobias Nicollier, Simon Stähler, Peter Zweifel, Jan ten Pierick, and Martin van Driel

Subjects
Engineering, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, business.industry, High resolution, Electronics, Mars Exploration Program, Aerospace engineering, business
Abstract

The Seismic Experiment for Interior Structures (SEIS) was deployed on Mars in November 2018 and began science operations in March 2019. SEIS is the primary instrument of the Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) mission, which was launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The acquisition and control (AC) electronics is a key element of SEIS. The AC acquires the seismic signals of the two sets of seismic sensors with high resolution, stores the data in its local nonvolatile memory for later transmission by the lander, and controls the numerous functions of SEIS. In this article, we present an overview of the AC with its connections to the sensors and to the lander, as well as its functionality. We describe the elements of the acquisition chains and filters, and discuss the performance of the seismic and temperature channels. Furthermore, we outline the safety functions and health monitoring, which are of paramount importance for reliable operation on Mars. In addition, we analyze an artefact affecting the seismic data referred to as the “tick-noise” and provide a method to remove this artefact by post-processing the data.

Published
2021

9. Protecting Species by Promoting Protected Areas and Human Development—A Panel Analysis

Author

Diana Mance, Katarina Krunić, and Davor Mance

Subjects
Natural resource economics, Geography, Planning and Development, Endangered species, TJ807-830, common goods, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, environmental Kuznets curve, TD194-195, Renewable energy sources, Kuznets curve, GE1-350, efficient nitrogen usage, Human Development Index, Sustainable development, protected species, sustainable development, Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Instrumental variable, economic growth, Human development (humanity), Environmental sciences, Panel analysis, Geography, Habitat, human development, protected areas
Abstract

We analyze a panel of 147 countries over a 21-year period. We used the Generalized Method of Moments First Differences panel estimation method and found that there is a statistically significant positive association between terrestrial protected areas and protected species. There is strong evidence of a positive statistical relationship between the Human Development Index and protected species under the condition of efficient nitrogen use as an instrumental variable. We support the revision of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis by claiming that in the 21st century it need not be strictly U-shaped, but that a rise in environmental protection measures is present across the board. The final contribution of the paper is the idea that protecting the habitat of endangered species is commensurate with increasing human welfare through income, health and education.

Published
2021
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10. Stable isotope composition of precipitation as signal of possible climate change: the case of the mountain Učka (Northern Adriatic, Croatia)

Author

Josip Rubinić, Maja Radišić, Diana Mance, Ema Topolnjak, Anita Crnov, and Davor Mance

Subjects
Stable isotope ratio, Environmental science, Climate change, Composition (visual arts), Precipitation, Atmospheric sciences, Signal
Abstract

The highest average annual rainfall in Croatia is in the Northern Adriatic, with some parts of the region receiving more than 2000 mm per year. Characteristics of the region’s weather are periods of intense rain alternating with dry periods in which the amount of precipitation can be negligible for more than a month. The area's water supply relies on karst groundwater sources that are primarily fed by Mediterranean precipitation. The aforementioned precipitation regime results in high groundwater yields in the cold part of the hydrological year and substantially decreased water quantities in the summer months. Under such specific conditions, it is of considerable importance to find out about the potential for climate change in order to ensure timely adjustment of the management and use of natural sources of water.We present a comparison of the isotopic composition of precipitation collected on the mountain Učka in periods 2008-2011 and 2019-2020. Rain gauges were located on a vertical gradient from sea level up to nearly 1400 m. Unlike the isotopic altitude effect that did not change significantly compared to the one reported for the first period (Roller-Lutz et al, 2013), the weighted means of isotopic values were more positive in the second period. For the cold part of the hydrological year, local meteoric water line has recently moved to higher values, indicating the sources of precipitation from drier Mediterranean regions. Local meteoric water line for the warm part of the last hydrological year, indicates presence of increased evaporation and thus confirms lower precipitation amounts. Roller-Lutz Zvjezdana, Mance Diana, Hunjak Tamara, Lutz Hans O. (2013) On the isotopic altitude effect of precipitation in the Northern Adriatic (Croatia), Isotopes in Hydrology, Marine Ecosystems and Climate Change Studies. Vol. I. Proceedings of an International Symposium This work was supported by the University of Rijeka as part of the research project uniri-pr-prirod-19-24.

Published
2021
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11. Dependence of Transportation on Industry in Croatia

Author

Borna Debelić, Davor Mance, and Alen Jugović

Subjects
R40, Croatia, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), panel analysis, Development, transportation sector, industry, 0502 economics and business, Specialization (functional), ddc:330, 050207 economics, Industrial organization, 050210 logistics & transportation, Economies of agglomeration, lcsh:HB71-74, Economies of density, 05 social sciences, lcsh:Economics as a science, Gross national product, Manufacturing sector, Panel analysis, Value (economics), Business, Division of labour, C67
Abstract

The transportation sector is the lifeblood of an economy. It is divided into three principal categories, i.e., modes of transportation: air, land, and water. This paper analyzes the post-financial crisis value added data for the Croatian economy (2008–2015) by analyzing the dependence of three categories of the transportation sector on the cumulative of all other sectors, and on the manufacturing sector in particular. The value added of the three categories of the transportation sector is progressively dependent on the value added of the cumulative industry. This may be due to the progressive dependence of the gross national product on transport because of specialization and division of labor resulting in economies of density due to network and agglomeration effects.

Published
2021

12. Correlation Between Freight Transport Industry and Economic Growth – Panel Analysis of CEE Countries

Author

Borna Debelić, Siniša Vilke, Marinko Maslarić, and Davor Mance

Subjects
First-difference estimator, Variables, logistics, media_common.quotation_subject, Autocorrelation, freight transport industry, logistics, economic growth, panel analysis, relationship, panel analysis, Ocean Engineering, freight transport industry, economic growth, relationship, Panel analysis, Granger causality, Value (economics), Economics, Econometrics, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Null hypothesis, Engineering (miscellaneous), Civil and Structural Engineering, media_common
Abstract

The paper tests for statistical association between employment and value added of freight transport industry and its component activities against overall economy in a ten-year panel ranging from 2008 to 2017 of the thirteen newest European Union member countries. In this paper, the nature of correlation between economic growth as the independent variable and freight transport industry as a dependent variable is examined. To achieve stationarity, and to lose autocorrelation and the idiosyncratic effects, the variables are first differenced. The results of the “Granger causality” tests show the null hypothesis of no-causation may be rejected for most conjectures with high F-Statistics as well as high statistical significance. The results of the Panel EGLS cross-section fixed effects do not reject the results gained by the Granger test, and the same may be said for the Panel Generalised Method of Moments First Differences test. The result of the Arellano-Bond test shows no serial correlation in the residuals. It has been concluded that changes in overall economy (value added and employment) have a significant and measurably strong impact on freight transportation and warehousing sector. This conclusion is useful in assessing future impacts on freight transport industry, especially as a consequence of contingent events.

Published
2021
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13. Environmental and anthropogenic factors affecting coastal bathing water quality: preliminary study for Primorje-Gorski Kotar County (Croatia)

Author

Diana Mance, Davor Mance, and Darija Vukić Lušić

Subjects
Microbial coastal bathing water pollution, Environmental and anthropogenic factors, Panel analysis, Geography, Planning and Development, SOCIAL SCIENCES. Economics, Ocean Engineering, DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Ekonomija, Bathing water quality, NATURAL SCIENCES. Physics, PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Fizika, Environmental science, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Public Health and Health Care. Health Ecology, Water resource management, BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Javno zdravstvo i zdravstvena zaštita. Zdravstvena ekologija, Engineering (miscellaneous), Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Coastal bathing water, as a common good, is an economic resource of public health interest. Predictive models of coastal bathing water contamination are needed for timely prevention of pollution, warning of bathers, and activation of municipal services and utilities in case of contingencies, as well as institutional mechanism designs for common good management purposes. The goal of this research is to identify the variables that would improve predictive models of coastal bathing water bacterial contamination. The microbiological quality of coastal bathing water is affected by many variables. This research is an analysis of the following determinants: precipitation amount, seawater temperature and salinity, as well as few indicators of anthropogenic pressure on the environment such as registered population, registered tourist overnight stays and the amount of generated municipal waste, all possibly directly or indirectly affecting the bathing water quality in 17 coastal municipalities in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. The analysis showed that rainfall, as an instrumental confounder variable, influences salinity and seawater temperature by increasing groundwater discharge and bringing contamination i.e. increasing enterococci and Escherichia coli concentrations in coastal bathing water. Population as the conjectured independent variable, representing the anthropogenic cause of pollution, was once again falsified as a statistically significant determinant. For further research, longer-term sampling (preferably year-round) at micro-locations of comparable hydrogeological characteristics is recommended.

Published
2021

14. Analysis of the accuracy of actuation electronics in the laser interferometer space antenna pathfinder

Author

N. Korsakova, Heather Audley, Gerhard Heinzel, Lluis Gesa, R. Maarschalkerweerd, Daniele Vetrugno, N. Cardines, S. Vitale, J. ten Pierick, Michele Armano, F. Martin-Porqueras, S. Paczkowski, B. Kaune, E. Castelli, José F. F. Mendes, M. Freschi, M. Hueller, N. Meshksar, J. Reiche, Luigi Ferraioli, P. Pivato, Rita Dolesi, Tamara Sumner, Nikolaos Karnesis, Peter Wass, A. M. Cruise, Ph. Jetzer, M. de Deus Silva, Antonella Cavalleri, J. Baird, E. D. Fitzsimons, Antoine Petiteau, Henri Inchauspe, J. P. López-Zaragoza, M.-S. Hartig, Paul McNamara, Ferran Gibert, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, I. Mateos, Oliver Jennrich, J. Martino, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Martin Hewitson, Karsten Danzmann, Daniel Hollington, W. J. Weber, Catia Grimani, L. Wissel, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, F. Rivas, Miquel Nofrarías, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, Domenico Giardini, A. Wittchen, R. Giusteri, M. Born, James Ira Thorpe, Christian J. Killow, D. I. Robertson, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, G. Dixon, Peter Zweifel, Davor Mance, D. Texier, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, D. Hoyland, L. Martin-Polo, I. Harrison, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, European Space Agency, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Université, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Fundación General CSIC, Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Space Office, UK Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Signal processing, Acoustics, Electrical properties and parameters, Analog-to-digital converter, Residual, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Electromagnetic radiation detectors, Computer Science::Robotics, Acceleration, law, Electrostatics, 0103 physical sciences, Waveform, Control equipment, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation, 010302 applied physics, Physics, Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Antenes i agrupacions d'antenes [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Spacecraft, business.industry, Field programmable gate array, Spacecrafts, Tractament del senyal, Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Processament del senyal [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Control system, Gravitational force, Antennas (Electronics), Antenes (Electrònica), business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Voltage
Abstract

M. Armano et al., The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna Pathfinder (LPF) main observable, labeled Δg, is the differential force per unit mass acting on the two test masses under free fall conditions after the contribution of all non-gravitational forces has been compensated. At low frequencies, the differential force is compensated by an applied electrostatic actuation force, which then must be subtracted from the measured acceleration to obtain Δg. Any inaccuracy in the actuation force contaminates the residual acceleration. This study investigates the accuracy of the electrostatic actuation system and its impact on the LPF main observable. It is shown that the inaccuracy is mainly caused by the rounding errors in the waveform processing and also by the random error caused by the analog to digital converter random noise in the control loop. Both errors are one order of magnitude smaller than the resolution of the commanded voltages. We developed a simulator based on the LPF design to compute the close-to-reality actuation voltages and, consequently, the resulting actuation forces. The simulator is applied during post-processing the LPF data., This work was supported by ETH Research Grant No. ETH-05 16-2, and it has been made possible by the LISA Pathfinder mission, which is part of the space-science program of the European Space Agency. The French contribution has been supported by the CNES (Accord Specific de Projet Grant No. CNES 1316634/CNRS 103747), the CNRS, the Observatoire de Paris, and University Paris-Diderot. E. Plagnol and H. Inchauspé would also like to acknowledge the financial support of the UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cité (Grant Nos. ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02). The Albert-Einstein-Institut acknowledges the support of the German Space Agency, DLR. The work is supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy based on a resolution of the German Bundestag (Grant Nos. FKZ 50OQ0501 and FKZ 50OQ1601). The Italian contribution has been supported by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. The Spanish contribution has been supported by Contract Nos. AYA2010-15709 (MICINN), ESP2013-47637-P, ESP2015-67234-P, and ESP2017-90084-P (MINECO). Support from AGAUR (Generalitat de Catalunya) contract 2017-SGR-1469 is also acknowledged. M. Nofrarias acknowledges support from Fundacion General CSIC (Programa ComFuturo). F. Rivas acknowledges an FPI contract from MINECO. The Swiss contribution acknowledges the support of the Swiss Space Office (SSO) via the PRODEX Programme of the ESA. L. Ferraioli is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. The UK groups wish to acknowledge support from the United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA), the University of Glasgow, the University of Birmingham, Imperial College, and the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA). J. I. Thorpe and J. Slutsky acknowledge the support of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). N. Korsakova would like to thank the support from the CNES Fellowship. The LISA Pathfinder collaboration would like to acknowledge Professor Pierre Binetruy (deceased 30 March 2017) and Professor José Alberto Lobo (deceased 30 September 2012) for their contribution to the LISA Pathfinder science.

Published
2020
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15. Coastal groundwater stable isotope composition as predictor and measure of marine pollution

Author

Diana Mance, Darija Vukić Lušić, and Davor Mance

Subjects
Marine pollution, Stable isotope ratio, Environmental chemistry, Measure (physics), stable isotopes, groundwater, karst, marine pollution, Environmental science, Composition (visual arts), Groundwater
Abstract

There are numerous health hazards arising from recreational exposures to microbiologically polluted marine environments. Microbial contaminants from catchment areas of coastal and submarine springs (due to leakages of private septic tanks and/or faults in sewage systems) could be a cause of microbial marine quality worsening after heavy rainfalls. Before testing this hypothesis groundwater dynamics should be known. Stable isotopes of water have been proven to be a very useful tool in karst hydrology and we used them as a mediator variable in predicting marine coastal water microbial contamination. We refer to the problem of the pollution from the position of environmental economics and economic institutional mechanism design, where such ecological problems are described as either stock or flow problems. Stock pollution is strongly dependent on the concentration potentials of the pollutant in the medium. Flow pollution depends on the speed of emission of the pollutant in the medium, as well as on the rate of its depletion by natural causes. On the example of fecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci propagating through karstic underground and finally ending in seawater we show how stable isotope composition of coastal springs’ water can be used to differentiate marine pollution into stock or flow. We tested the approach on two close coastal locations located at the Kvarner Bay (the Northern part of the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea). Locations differ in terms of the open and closed sea as well as anthropogenic pressure. Groundwater and marine samples were collected during two consecutive bathing seasons (mid-May – mid-September). The Panel Data Pairwise Granger Causality test was used to test for statistical associations. Static Estimated General Least Squares (EGLS) and dynamic Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) statistical methods were used to distinguish between stock and flow pollution. This work was partially supported by the University of Rijeka as part of the research projects uniri-pr-prirod-19-24 and uniri-biomed-18-292.

Published
2020
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16. Sustainable Governance of Coastal Areas and Tourism Impact on Waste Production: Panel Analysis of Croatian Municipalities

Author

Siniša Vilke, Davor Mance, and Borna Debelić

Subjects
Municipal solid waste, Natural resource economics, 020209 energy, Geography, Planning and Development, Population, TJ807-830, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, TD194-195, 01 natural sciences, Renewable energy sources, solid waste generation, Gross domestic product, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, GE1-350, education, sustainable governance, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, coastal zone management, Environmental sciences, Panel analysis, Sustainability, tourism, Business, Tourism, Panel data, Waste disposal
Abstract

The research problem this paper is concerned with is the effect of tourism on solid waste generation in Croatia&rsquo, s coastal area. We are aware of the fact that this has not been thoroughly addressed, especially considering tourism&rsquo, s share in the Croatian economy and the pressure it generates on sustainable coastal management. This is of particular importance considering the governing complexity of coastal areas. Thus, we ask a simple question regarding the role of the tourism industry in the solid waste generation in the Croatian coastal area: Do tourists generate relatively more solid waste than the domestic population? The falsifiable hypothesis is stated in terms of the difference in the production of communal waste between domestic population and tourists, taking into account local idiosyncratic factors, when such a difference is recoverable through statistical analysis of measurable tourist presence in panel data. The first hypothesis is thus: The amount of solid waste produced by local residents in Croatian coastal municipalities diverges significantly in statistical terms from the amount of solid waste produced by tourists. The second hypothesis is: The amount of waste-streams is influenced by local idiosyncrasies of coastal settlements, their economic structure, per capita GDP and/or cultural background of local people. Our dataset is a panel of 160 municipalities in the Croatian coastal area spanned across a time period of 12 months during 2019, giving us a total of 1920 panel observations. We performed a Panel Estimated Generalized Least Squares cross-section fixed effects analysis with Panel Corrected Standard Errors on domestic population and tourist overnight stays and their solid waste generation. We used the above mentioned method to achieve better results with higher significance, and lower Standard Errors than comparable methods. We complemented the analysis with a dynamic Panel Generalized Method of Moments First Differences test. Results show a relatively larger relative impact of tourist overnight stays on municipal solid waste generation than what is to be expected from the locals only. Our different methods of analysis ended with non-contradicting results. The number of tourist overnight stays in some municipalities shadows the overnight stays of the local population as an indicator of solid waste generation, exacerbating the problem of sustainability of waste disposal. We conclude that the relative waste disposal impact of the tourists is at least 22% greater and possibly up to 55% greater than the one of local inhabitants, contradicting some other research. We also found evidence of possible Environmental Kuznets Curve behavior.

Published
2020

17. LISA Pathfinder platform stability and drag-free performance

Author

N. Korsakova, Gerhard Heinzel, Michele Armano, Ian Harrison, M. Freschi, Henri Inchauspe, R. Giusteri, Ph. Jetzer, M. de Deus Silva, Domenico Giardini, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Rita Dolesi, J. Baird, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, W. J. Weber, Ferran Gibert, F. Martin-Porqueras, Daniele Vetrugno, E. D. Fitzsimons, F. Rivas, Peter Wass, S. Paczkowski, Jacob Slutsky, L. Martin-Polo, Valerio Ferroni, Luigi Ferraioli, D. Hoyland, L. Wissel, P. Zweifel, James Ira Thorpe, Oliver Jennrich, Antonella Cavalleri, Gudrun Wanner, M. Hueller, N. Meshksar, L. Mendes, P. Pivato, Juan Ramos-Castro, Karsten Danzmann, Davor Mance, J. Martino, A. M. Cruise, D. Bortoluzzi, Nikolaos Karnesis, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Miquel Nofrarías, José F. F. Mendes, Antoine Petiteau, D. Texier, Paul McNamara, M. Born, M. Hewitson, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Lluis Gesa, B. Kaune, Ingo Diepholz, R. Maarschalkerweerd, A. Wittchen, Eric Plagnol, Víctor S. Martín, Catia Grimani, Ivan Lloro, J. Reiche, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, D. I. Robertson, Daniel Hollington, S. Vitale, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, E. Castelli, J. A. Lobo, Christian J. Killow, G. Dixon, Pierre Binétruy, Heather Audley, Ignacio Mateos, LISA Pathfinder Collaboration, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), LISA Pathfinder, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Astrofísica, noise, Gravitational-wave observatory, Geodesic, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Star tracker, Gravitational waves, Physics, Particles & Fields, Attitude control, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, Experiments in gravity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, LISA, Science & Technology, Spacecraft, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, stability, Pathfinder, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Physical Sciences, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, cosmology, geodesic, performance
Abstract

The science operations of the LISA Pathfinder mission has demonstrated the feasibility of sub-femto-g free-fall of macroscopic test masses necessary to build a LISA-like gravitational wave observatory in space. While the main focus of interest, i.e. the optical axis or the $x$-axis, has been extensively studied, it is also of interest to evaluate the stability of the spacecraft with respect to all the other degrees of freedom. The current paper is dedicated to such a study, with a focus set on an exhaustive and quantitative evaluation of the imperfections and dynamical effects that impact the stability with respect to its local geodesic. A model of the complete closed-loop system provides a comprehensive understanding of each part of the in-loop coordinates spectra. As will be presented, this model gives very good agreements with LISA Pathfinder flight data. It allows one to identify the physical noise source at the origin and the physical phenomena underlying the couplings. From this, the performances of the stability of the spacecraft, with respect to its geodesic, are extracted as a function of frequency. Close to $1 mHz$, the stability of the spacecraft on the $X_{SC}$, $Y_{SC}$ and $Z_{SC}$ degrees of freedom is shown to be of the order of $5.0\ 10^{-15} m\ s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ for X and $4.0 \ 10^{-14} m\ s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ for Y and Z. For the angular degrees of freedom, the values are of the order $3\ 10^{-12} rad\ s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ for $\Theta_{SC}$ and $3\ 10^{-13} rad\ s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ for $H_{SC}$ and $\Phi_{SC}$., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures

Published
2019
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18. Forbush decreases and <2 day GCR flux non-recurrent variations studied with LISA pathfinder

Author

N. Korsakova, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, D. Hoyland, Ian Harrison, Henri Inchauspe, Monica Laurenza, J. Grzymisch, Davor Mance, Ph. Jetzer, H. Ward, E. D. Fitzsimons, D. Texier, R. Giusteri, W. J. Weber, Gerhard Heinzel, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, Ignacio Mateos, Lluis Gesa, Ivan Lloro, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Rita Dolesi, D. I. Robertson, Martin Hewitson, Domenico Giardini, Daniel Hollington, J. Martino, J. P. López-Zaragoza, B. Kaune, M. Hueller, Daniele Vetrugno, J. A. Lobo, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Ferran Gibert, R. Maarschalkerweerd, M. Born, Víctor S. Martín, L. Martin-Polo, James Ira Thorpe, P. Pivato, Luigi Ferraioli, A. Wittchen, Stefano Vitale, F. Rivas, M. Fabi, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, José F. F. Mendes, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Heather Audley, Peter Wass, Eric Plagnol, Ingo Diepholz, N. Finetti, Karsten Danzmann, Pierre Binétruy, L. Wissel, Antonella Cavalleri, Peter Zweifel, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, J. Reiche, Miquel Nofrarías, J. Baird, Michele Armano, M. Freschi, S. Paczkowski, A. M. Cruise, N. Karnesis, Simone Benella, Mattia Villani, F. Martin-Porqueras, N. Meshksar, Daniele Telloni, Oliver Jennrich, Karel Kudela, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, E. Castelli, M. de Deus Silva, Catia Grimani, Christian J. Killow, G. Dixon, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Ciències de la visió::Òptica física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], PARTICLE-ACCELERATION, solar–terrestrial relations, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Energies::Energia solar fotovoltaica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Flux, Astrophysics, Photovoltaic power generation, 01 natural sciences, 0305 Organic Chemistry, Heliosphere, Physics - Space Physics, Interferòmetres, instrumentation: interferometers, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar–terrestrial relations, Energia solar fotovoltaica, Physics, 0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS, heliosphere [Sun], Sun, solar-terrestrial relations, interferometers, interplanetary medium, Sun: heliosphere [cosmic rays, instrumentation], COSMIC-RAY PROTON, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, SOLAR-WIND, Physical Sciences, Lagrangian point, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Interferometers [Instrumentation], cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, MODULATION, FIELD, Sun: heliosphere, Cosmic rays, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Geomagnetic storm, SPECTRUM, Science & Technology, Interferometers, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, Pathfinder, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Heliospheric current sheet, Interplanetary spaceflight, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Intensity (heat transfer), Interplanetary medium, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; Non-recurrent short-term variations of the galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) flux above 70 MeV n−1 were observed between 2016 February 18 and 2017 July 3 on board the European Space Agency LISA Pathfinder (LPF) mission orbiting around the Lagrange point L1 at 1.5 × 106 km from Earth. The energy dependence of three Forbush decreases is studied and reported here. A comparison of these observations with others carried out in space down to the energy of a few tens of MeV n−1 shows that the same GCR flux parameterization applies to events of different intensity during the main phase. FD observations in L1 with LPF and geomagnetic storm occurrence are also presented. Finally, the characteristics of GCR flux non-recurrent variations (peaks and depressions) of duration

Published
2019
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19. SEIS: Insight’s Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure of Mars

Author

L. Perrin, C. Bonjour, N. Toulemont, Jean-Luc Berenguer, G. Perez, James Wookey, A. G. Mukherjee, Hallie Gengl, Edward A. Miller, Delphine Faye, Antoine Mocquet, J. Sicre, B. Vella, D. Dilhan, C. Larigauderie, John C. Bousman, M. Nonon, Y. Bennour, Véronique Dehant, Jeffrey W. Umland, T. Nebut, D. Hernandez, M. Eberhardt, Vincent Conejero, Rudolf Widmer-Schnidrig, Philippe Lognonné, G. de los Santos, S. A. D’Agostino, Savas Ceylan, Justin N. Maki, G. Aveni, P. Revuz, S. de Raucourt, C. Aicardi, Clément Perrin, A. K. Delahunty, Constanza Pardo, Domenico Giardini, L. Pou, Robert J. Calvet, D. Savoie, O. Robert, V. Gharakanian, S. Ben Charef, Constantinos Charalambous, Kerry Klein, S. M. Madzunkov, J. M. Desmarres, Sue Smrekar, S. B. Calcutt, F. Grinblat, Nicholas A Teanby, I. M. Standley, Naomi Murdoch, Brigitte Knapmeyer-Endrun, M. Deleuze, C. Doucet, William T. Pike, Tom L. Hoffman, F. Mialhe, Cecily M. Sunday, J. Paredes-Garcia, Matthew P. Golombek, P. Bhandari, Huafeng Liu, B. Pouilloux, E. Blanco, Gabriel Pont, Simon Stähler, M. E. Johnson, Nicolas Verdier, L. Luno, Ned W. Ferraro, R. Perez, Mélanie Drilleau, F. Ijpelaan, B. Lecomte, M. van Driel, A. Sauron, I. Estève, Mark P. Panning, David Mimoun, P. A. Dandonneau, B. Kenda, T. Gabsi, W. Raff, P. Boutte, T. Warren, Joan Ervin, Fabian Euchner, S. Tillier, K. J. Hurst, Stephen Larson, Davor Mance, Mark A. Wieczorek, J. A. Rodriguez-Manfredi, Justin Lin, Jaime Singer, M. Monecke, Robert W. Denise, E.-P. Miettinen, Maren Böse, E. Locatelli, I. Savin de Larclause, J. Gagnepain-Beyneix, L. Khachikyan, Philippe Laudet, T. Carlier, Alexander E. Stott, Neil Bowles, Brian Bone, C. Imbert, Sharon Kedar, A. Rosak, Fred Calef, O. Pot, O. M. Avalos, P. Labrot, Jeroen Tromp, Lucile Fayon, C. Moreau, J. Baroukh, William B. Banerdt, M. Bierwirth, Ranah Irshad, M. André, Christopher T. Russell, S. L. Marshall, M. Parise, J.-R. Meyer, P. Pasquier, N. Faye-Refalo, Ingrid Daubar, M. A. Balzer, R. Gonzalez, M. Hetzel, K. Brethomé, Y. Pahn, Raphaël F. Garcia, J. tenPierick, U. R. Christensen, Farah Alibay, Renee Weber, Robert G. Deen, Eléonore Stutzmann, J. Temple, Don Banfield, A. Bouisset, D. B. Klein, A. Borrien, Ashitey Trebi-Ollennu, R. Llorca-Cejudo, L. J. Facto, J. M. Mouret, Alexis Paillet, Peter Zweifel, P. Bruneau, Catherine L. Johnson, C. Brysbaert, J. E. Feldman, A. Kramer, Luigi Ferraioli, Jane Hurley, Taichi Kawamura, Nicholas Onufer, W. Kühne, Eric Beucler, Amir Khan, M. Sodki, L. Kerjean, A. Sylvestre-Baron, C. Desfoux, C. Yana, John Clinton, J. R. Willis, Juan Villalvazo, Pierre Delage, Mihail P. Petkov, M. C. Wallace, T. Camus, Ioannis G. Mikellides, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Geophysics [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Mechanical Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Geological Institute (ETHZ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Oxford, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique (LMFA), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), Advanced Technology and Research, Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] (RAL Space), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Clarendon Laboratory [Oxford], Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Wuhan] (HUST), Kinemetrics, Cornell University [New York], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), Institut of GeophysicsETHZ, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Swiss Seismological Service, Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Géotechnique (cermes), Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of British Columbia (UBC), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais - Systèmes de Référence Temps-Espace (LNE - SYRTE), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Geosciences [Princeton], Princeton University, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), University of Oxford [Oxford], Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California, INSTITUT OF GEOPHYSICS ETHZ, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Stuttgart University, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Electronique, Optronique et Signal (DEOS), Department of Earth Sciences [ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels], PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Earth Sciences University of Bristol, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Seismometer, DISSIPATIVE FACTOR, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, FREE OSCILLATIONS, BULK COMPOSITION, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Transfer function, Article, NETWORK SCIENCE, Autre, 0103 physical sciences, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, INTERIOR STRUCTURE, ddc:530, Ground segment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, InSight, Data processing, Science & Technology, Physics, Bandwidth (signal processing), Mars seismology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Moment magnitude scale, SINGLE-STATION, THERMAL EVOLUTION, Mars Exploration Program, Geodesy, Space and Planetary Science, Physical Sciences, WAVE PROPAGATION, ELYSIUM PLANITIA, [SDU.OTHER]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Other, Robotic arm, SEIS, Geology, METEORITE IMPACTS
Abstract

By the end of 2018, 42 years after the landing of the two Viking seismometers on Mars, InSight will deploy onto Mars’ surface the SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) instrument; a six-axes seismometer equipped with both a long-period three-axes Very Broad Band (VBB) instrument and a three-axes short-period (SP) instrument. These six sensors will cover a broad range of the seismic bandwidth, from 0.01 Hz to 50 Hz, with possible extension to longer periods. Data will be transmitted in the form of three continuous VBB components at 2 sample per second (sps), an estimation of the short period energy content from the SP at 1 sps and a continuous compound VBB/SP vertical axis at 10 sps. The continuous streams will be augmented by requested event data with sample rates from 20 to 100 sps. SEIS will improve upon the existing resolution of Viking’s Mars seismic monitoring by a factor of ∼2500 at 1 Hz and ∼200000 at 0.1 Hz. An additional major improvement is that, contrary to Viking, the seismometers will be deployed via a robotic arm directly onto Mars’ surface and will be protected against temperature and wind by highly efficient thermal and wind shielding. Based on existing knowledge of Mars, it is reasonable to infer a moment magnitude detection threshold of Mw∼3 at 40∘ epicentral distance and a potential to detect several tens of quakes and about five impacts per year. In this paper, we first describe the science goals of the experiment and the rationale used to define its requirements. We then provide a detailed description of the hardware, from the sensors to the deployment system and associated performance, including transfer functions of the seismic sensors and temperature sensors. We conclude by describing the experiment ground segment, including data processing services, outreach and education networks and provide a description of the format to be used for future data distribution., Space Science Reviews, 215 (1), ISSN:1572-9672, ISSN:0038-6308

Published
2019
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20. LISA Pathfinder Performance Confirmed in an Open-Loop Configuration: Results from the Free-Fall Actuation Mode

Author

N. Korsakova, M. de Deus Silva, Lluis Gesa, Gerhard Heinzel, W. J. Weber, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, J. Grzymisch, James Ira Thorpe, Ph. Jetzer, Miquel Nofrarías, H. Ward, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, R. Maarschalkerweerd, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, D. Hoyland, J. Baird, D. I. Robertson, Domenico Giardini, I. Harrison, Peter Zweifel, M. Born, Antoine Petiteau, Mauro Hueller, Rita Dolesi, Peter Wass, Oliver Jennrich, A. M. Cruise, Paul McNamara, J. Martino, Davor Mance, G. Dixon, Karsten Danzmann, J. Reiche, D. Texier, Ingo Diepholz, S. Vitale, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, L. Wissel, M. S. Hartig, Nikolaos Karnesis, Carlos F. Sopuerta, F. Rivas, R. Giusteri, E. D. Fitzsimons, Christian J. Killow, Daniele Vetrugno, Heather Audley, N. Meshksar, A. Wittchen, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, Gudrun Wanner, Catia Grimani, Juan Ramos-Castro, B. Kaune, Michele Armano, Antonella Cavalleri, L. Martin-Polo, M. Freschi, P. Pivato, Pierre Binétruy, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, E. Castelli, José F. F. Mendes, M. Hewitson, F. Martin-Porqueras, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ignacio Mateos, Ferran Gibert, Luigi Ferraioli, Daniel Hollington, J. A. Lobo, S. Paczkowski, H. Inchauspe, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
General Physics, Physics, Multidisciplinary, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Actuation noise, Impulse (physics), Gravitation and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, LISA Pathfinder, Article, Atomic physics, Gravitational waves, Física::Electromagnetisme::Radiació infraroja, visible i ultraviolada [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Physics - Space Physics, Ones gravitacionals, Control theory, Force calibration, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, Noise measurement, Gravitational wave, Noise measurements, article, Open-loop controller, noise measurement, Dominant factor, acceleration, Space physics, calibration, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Pathfinder, Mode of operations, Physical Sciences, Differential accelerations, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik, Open-loop configuration, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Space probes, Quasistatic process
Abstract

We report on the results of the LISA Pathfinder (LPF) free-fall mode experiment, in which the control force needed to compensate the quasistatic differential force acting on two test masses is applied intermittently as a series of "impulse" forces lasting a few seconds and separated by roughly 350 s periods of true free fall. This represents an alternative to the normal LPF mode of operation in which this balancing force is applied continuously, with the advantage that the acceleration noise during free fall is measured in the absence of the actuation force, thus eliminating associated noise and force calibration errors. The differential acceleration noise measurement presented here with the free-fall mode agrees with noise measured with the continuous actuation scheme, representing an important and independent confirmation of the LPF result. An additional measurement with larger actuation forces also shows that the technique can be used to eliminate actuation noise when this is a dominant factor. © 2019 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.

Published
2019
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21. Reaction of Zagreb Stock Exchange CROBEX Index to macroeconomic announcements within a high frequency time interval

Author

Tomasz Schabek, Bojana Olgić Draženović, and Davor Mance

Subjects
emerging markets, Croatian financial market, macroeconomic announcements, intraday returns, CROBEX, tržišta u nastajanju, hrvatsko financijsko tržište, makroekonomske najave, unutardnevni prinosi
Abstract

Svrha ovog rada je analizirati reakcije CROBEX indeksa Zagrebačke burze na odabrane makroekonomske najave u vrlo kratkim vremenskim intervalima. U radu se koriste varijable stopa prinosa od 5 minuta od rujna 2017. do ožujka 2018. kao i 25 makroekonomskih najava. Nakon pažljive provedbe faze pripreme podataka, utvrđena je regresija za koju se koriste dummy varijable koje predstavljaju točno vrijeme objavljivanja. U obzir je uzeta heteroskedastičnost i autokorelacijske konzistentne (HAC) procjene zbog specifičnosti unutardnevnih podataka i robusnosti rezultata. Naši rezultati upućuju na to da su za unutardnevna kratka razdoblja reakcije tržišta statistički značajne. Stoga se zaključuje da se makroekonomska politika (monetarna ili fiskalna) odražava na stope prinosa hrvatskih dioničkih indeksa. Navedeno potvrđuje hipotezu učinkovitog tržišta i u skladu su sa zaključcima sličnih studija razvijenih gospodarstava., The purpose of this study is to analyse Zagreb Stock Exchange CROBEX Index reactions to selected macroeconomic announcements within ultra-short time intervals. We utilize 5-minute rates of returns from September 2017 to March 2018 and 25 macroeconomic announcements. After carefully arranging the data, we ran the regression with dummy variables capturing the exact announcement times. We used heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) estimations in order to account for specific characteristics of intraday data and to retain the robustness of the results. Our results indicate that, for short intraday periods, some reactions are statistically significant, but the majority stays insignificant. These conclusions support the semi-strong form of the efficient-market hypothesis and are in line with inferences of similar studies of advanced economies.

Published
2019

22. Novel methods to measure the gravitational constant in space

Author

J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ferran Gibert, S. Paczkowski, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, J. A. Lobo, Luigi Ferraioli, L. Wissel, Domenico Giardini, F. Rivas, Gerhard Heinzel, W. J. Weber, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, Carlos F. Sopuerta, B. Kaune, Gudrun Wanner, M. S. Hartig, N. Meshksar, Miquel Nofrarías, Juan Ramos-Castro, Víctor S. Martín, F. Martin-Porqueras, Daniele Vetrugno, M. de Deus Silva, Daniel Hollington, Davor Mance, Pierre Binétruy, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, A. M. Cruise, Ph. Jetzer, Lluis Gesa, D. Texier, E. Castelli, Christian J. Killow, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, James Ira Thorpe, R. Maarschalkerweerd, J. Baird, A. Wittchen, Antonella Cavalleri, P. Pivato, José F. F. Mendes, J. Reiche, D. Hoyland, E. D. Fitzsimons, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Nikolaos Karnesis, M. Born, N. Korsakova, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, R. Giusteri, Eric Plagnol, Karsten Danzmann, Catia Grimani, G. Dixon, S. Vitale, M. Hewitson, Ingo Diepholz, Peter Zweifel, Peter Wass, Rita Dolesi, L. Martin-Polo, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, D. I. Robertson, Michele Armano, M. Freschi, J. Martino, C. Trenkel, Ian Harrison, Henri Inchauspe, M. Hueller, Heather Audley, Oliver Jennrich, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), LISA Pathfinder, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Astrofísica, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, General physics, Mechanics, Astrophysics, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Measure (mathematics), Cosmology, Laboratory studies of gravity, Gravitation, Gravitational constant, Acceleration, Pathfinder, cosmic rays, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Experiments in gravity, 010306 general physics, Suspension (vehicle), cosmology, Cosmology and astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; We present two novel methods, tested by LISA Pathfinder, to measure the gravitational constant G for the first time in space. Experiment 1 uses electrostatic suspension forces to measure a change in acceleration of a test mass due to a displaced source mass. Experiment 2 measures a change in relative acceleration between two test masses due to a slowly varying fuel tank mass. Experiment 1 gave a value of G=6.71±0.42(×10-11) m3 s-2 kg-1 and experiment 2 gave 6.15±0.35(×10-11) m3 s-2 kg-1, both consistent with each other to 1σ and with the CODATA 2014 recommended value of 6.67408±0.00031(×10-11) m3 s-2 kg-1 to 2σ. We outline several ideas to improve the results for a future experiment, and we suggest that a measurement in space would isolate many terrestrial issues that could be responsible for the inconsistencies between recent measurements.

Published
2019
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23. Personalized Medicine and Personalized Pricing: Degrees of Price Discrimination

Author

Davor Mance, Dinko Vitezić, and Diana Mance

Subjects
Microeconomics, Reservation price, Actuarial science, Ask price, Price mechanism, Factor price, Market price, Economics, Mid price, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY, TheoryofComputation_GENERAL, Price discrimination, Limit price
Abstract

Economics developed a set of three degrees of price discrimination dependent on whether the seller targets individuals or groups, and whether buyers wish to use quantity rebates. The seller’s reason to price discriminate is to capture as much of the buyers utility surplus. Price discrimination is deemed unfair and immoral, and this is especially so in the market for pharmaceutical therapies. However, sometimes it can indeed be socially useful to price discriminate as the practice, under circumstances, enhances efficiency and social welfare.

Published
2019
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24. Micrometeoroid Events in LISA Pathfinder

Author

Ignacio Mateos, St Drs Operations Team, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, D. Wealthy, H. Rozemeijer, J. A. Lobo, Gerhard Heinzel, Nicole Pagane, A. Zambotti, S. Paczkowski, Ivan Lloro, Ph. Jetzer, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, P. Prat, José F. F. Mendes, Daniele Bortoluzzi, N. Brandt, Nikolaos Karnesis, James Ira Thorpe, R. De Rosa, Michael Tröbs, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Michele Armano, L. Mendes, C. Zanoni, Davor Mance, J. O’Donnell, Daniele Vetrugno, B. Johlander, Lluis Gesa, G. Auger, Curt Cutler, John Ziemer, M. Freschi, Henri Inchauspe, A. Schleicher, F. Martin-Porqueras, M. Girard, M. Hewitson, D. Shaul, R. Maarschalkerweerd, Karsten Danzmann, T. J. Sumner, D. Texier, E. D. Fitzsimons, F. Rivas, Daniel Hollington, L. Liu, Oliver Jennrich, Miquel Nofrarías, P. Pivato, A. M. Cruise, W. J. Weber, R. Giusteri, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, John G. Baker, P. Sarra, Tobias Ziegler, N. Korsakova, Aniello Grado, Heather Audley, Peter Wass, Tyson Littenberg, Gudrun Wanner, Sophie Hourihane, Pierre Binétruy, Antonella Cavalleri, L. Di Fiore, R. Gerndt, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, S. Vitale, Christian J. Killow, B. Kaune, C. Trenkel, S. Madden, Diego Janches, Juan Ramos-Castro, D. Hoyland, C. Marrese-Reading, J. Reiche, Rita Dolesi, N. Dunbar, Catia Grimani, P. Barela, C. Dunn, C. García Marirrodriga, A. Wittchen, R. Flatscher, P. Maghami, U. Ragnit, I. Li, Ruggero Stanga, Mauro Hueller, Nate Demmons, S. Javidnia, Petr Pokorny, G. Dixon, J. P. López-Zaragoza, M. Born, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Ferran Gibert, J. Martino, J. Baird, Massimo Bassan, O. Hsu, Andrew Romero-Wolf, L. Wissel, Ingo Diepholz, M. de Deus Silva, Luigi Ferraioli, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, Domenico Giardini, M. Caleno, D. I. Robertson, Peter Zweifel, J. Mehta, L. Martin-Polo, I. Harrison, Thorpe, J. I., Slutsky, J., Baker, J. G., Littenberg, T. B., Hourihane, S., Pagane, N., Pokorny, P., Janches, D., Armano, M., Audley, H., Auger, G., Baird, J., Bassan, M., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Brandt, N., Caleno, M., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., De Deus Silva, M., DE ROSA, Rosario, Di Fiore, L., Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Dunbar, N., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E. D., Flatscher, R., Freschi, M., Garcia Marirrodriga, C., Gerndt, R., Gesa, L., Gibert, F., Giardini, D., Giusteri, R., Grado, A., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspe, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Johlander, B., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Lobo, J. A., Lloro, I., Liu, L., Lopez-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martin, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martino, J., Martin-Porqueras, F., Madden, S., Mateos, I., Mcnamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Prat, P., Ragnit, U., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Robertson, D. I., Rozemeijer, H., Rivas, F., Russano, G., Sarra, P., Schleicher, A., Shaul, D., Sopuerta, C. F., Stanga, R., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Trenkel, C., Trobs, M., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P., Wealthy, D., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., Zambotti, A., Zanoni, C., Ziegler, T., Zweifel, P., Barela, P., Cutler, C., Demmons, N., Dunn, C., Girard, M., Hsu, O., Javidnia, S., Li, I., Maghami, P., Marrese-Reading, C., Mehta, J., Romero-Wolf, A., Ziemer, J., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Astrofísica, Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteors, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Planet, meteoroids, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), 0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Settore FIS/01, Physics, Sistema solar, education.field_of_study, Micrometeoroid, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Meteoroids, instrumentation: miscellaneous, meteorites, meteors, meteoroids, Asteroid, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, miscellaneous [Instrumentation], Solar system, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, meteorites, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 0103 physical sciences, meteors, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Zodiacal light, Meteoroid, instrumentation: miscellaneou, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, miscellaneous, meteorites, meteors, meteoroids [instrumentation], Pathfinder, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Enginyeria electrònica::Instrumentació i mesura [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], ORBITS, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Meteorites
Abstract

The zodiacal dust complex, a population of dust and small particles that pervades the Solar System, provides important insight into the formation and dynamics of planets, comets, asteroids, and other bodies. Here we present a new set of data obtained using a novel technique: direct measurements of momentum transfer to a spacecraft from individual particle impacts. This technique is made possible by the extreme precision of the instruments flown on the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft, a technology demonstrator for a future space-based gravitational wave observatory that operated near the first Sun-Earth Lagrange point from early 2016 through Summer of 2017. Using a simple model of the impacts and knowledge of the control system, we show that it is possible to detect impacts and measure properties such as the transferred momentum (related to the particle's mass and velocity), direction of travel, and location of impact on the spacecraft. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic search for impacts during 4348 hours of Pathfinder data. We report a total of 54 candidates with momenta ranging from 0.2$\,\mu\textrm{Ns}$ to 230$\,\mu\textrm{Ns}$. We furthermore make a comparison of these candidates with models of micrometeoroid populations in the inner solar system including those resulting from Jupiter-family comets, Oort-cloud comets, Hailey-type comets, and Asteroids. We find that our measured population is consistent with a population dominated by Jupiter-family comets with some evidence for a smaller contribution from Hailey-type comets. This is in agreement with consensus models of the zodiacal dust complex in the momentum range sampled by LISA Pathfinder., Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, accepted in ApJ

Published
2019
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25. LISA Pathfinder micronewton cold gas thrusters: In-flight characterization

Author

Nikolaos Karnesis, N. Korsakova, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, Daniele Vetrugno, Davor Mance, S. Paczkowski, D. Texier, Henri Inchauspe, G. Dixon, Ivan Lloro, D. Hoyland, Luigi Ferraioli, M. de Deus Silva, P. Pivato, L. Wissel, Ignacio Mateos, J. Grzymisch, Ph. Jetzer, P. Zweifel, Antonella Cavalleri, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, N. Meshksar, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, Peter Wass, E. Castelli, F. Rivas, E. D. Fitzsimons, Pierre Binétruy, Lluis Gesa, S. Vitale, Heather Audley, F. Martin-Porqueras, R. Giusteri, J. Martino, A. M. Cruise, Michele Armano, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. I. Robertson, A. Wittchen, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, Daniel Hollington, Gudrun Wanner, Miquel Nofrarías, Juan Ramos-Castro, M. Freschi, Catia Grimani, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Christian J. Killow, J. Baird, M. Hueller, Oliver Jennrich, Rita Dolesi, M. Born, Eric Plagnol, Domenico Giardini, J. A. Lobo, James Ira Thorpe, Ingo Diepholz, José F. F. Mendes, J. Reiche, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, M. Hewitson, W. J. Weber, L. Martin-Polo, H. Ward, I. Harrison, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Karsten Danzmann, Ferran Gibert, B. Kaune, Víctor S. Martín, Gerhard Heinzel, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), LISA Pathfinder, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
Inertial frame of reference, Gravitational-wave observatory, noise: low, satellite, Propulsion, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Gravitational waves, cosmic rays, Ones gravitacionals, gas, 0103 physical sciences, Experiments in gravity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Aerospace engineering, Física::Relativitat::Gravitació [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 010306 general physics, accelerator: design, Physics, LISA, Spacecraft, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, electronics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, stability, Metrology, Pathfinder, Harmonics, Physics::Space Physics, control system, business, cosmology, performance, Space environment, ejection
Abstract

International audience; The LISA Pathfinder (LPF) mission has demonstrated the ability to limit and measure the fluctuations in acceleration between two free falling test masses down to sub-femto-g levels. One of the key elements to achieve such a level of residual acceleration is the drag free control. In this scheme the spacecraft is used as a shield against any external disturbances by adjusting its relative position to a reference test mass. The actuators used to move the spacecraft are cold gas micropropulsion thrusters. In this paper, we report in-flight characterization of these thrusters in term of noise and artefacts during science operations using all the metrology capabilities of LISA Pathfinder. Using the LISA Pathfinder test masses as an inertial reference frame, an average thruster noise of ∼0.17 μN/Hz is observed and decomposed into a common (coherent) and an uncorrelated component. The very low noise and stability of the onboard metrology system associated with the quietness of the space environment allowed the measurement of the thruster noise down to ∼20 μHz, more than an order of magnitude below any ground measurement. Spectral lines were observed around ∼1.5 mHz and its harmonics and around 55 and 70 mHz. They are associated with the cold gas system itself and possibly to a clock synchronization issue. The thruster noise-floor exhibits an excess of ∼70% compared to characterization that have been made on ground on a single unit and without the feeding system. However this small excess has no impact on the LPF mission performance and is compatible with the noise budget for the upcoming LISA gravitational wave observatory. Over the whole mission, nominal, and extension, the thrusters showed remarkable stability for both the science operations and the different maneuvers necessary to maintain LPF on its orbit around L1. It is therefore concluded that a similar cold gas system would be a viable propulsion system for the future LISA mission.

Published
2019
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26. Comparison of European Union Public Health Systems

Author

Davor Mance, Jelena Gojković, Nenad Vretenar, and Bevanda, Vuk

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Public Health, Health Management Systems, Health Economics, Brain Drain, Public health, Political science, medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Public administration, media_common
Abstract

This paper deals with public health systems of European Union Member States. We try to analyse and compare the public health budget allocation systems in existence in the EU. We analyse their differences and try to explain where the differences come from. We concentrate on the impact of differences in economic estimates in decision making on the allocation of scarce funds. We try to answer the question whether countries with lower income per capita compensate the lack of funds, lower capital endowment, and the impossibility to invest in equipment with larger labour endowment or improvement in human capital. On contraire, we find that some of the former transition countries experience a strong brain drain of medical personnel. Thus, former transition countries with relative stronger health personnel endowments tend to lose their qualified labour force to the more capital- endowed developed nations confirming the brain- drain hypothesis and refuting the hypothesis that labour is a relatively immobile production factor.

Published
2019
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27. Temperature stability in the sub-milliHertz band with LISA Pathfinder

Author

Ferran Gibert, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Peter Zweifel, Daniele Vetrugno, F. Rivas, S. Vitale, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, A. Wittchen, P. Pivato, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, Pierre Binétruy, Mauro Hueller, Gudrun Wanner, D. Hoyland, B. Kaune, C. Trenkel, Antoine Petiteau, Juan Ramos-Castro, Gerhard Heinzel, Daniel Hollington, G. Dixon, Paul McNamara, Ivan Lloro, R. Giusteri, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Davor Mance, Ph. Jetzer, M. Born, D. Texier, C. Mansanet, D. I. Robertson, Domenico Giardini, Antonella Cavalleri, Rita Dolesi, Ingo Diepholz, L. Martin-Polo, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, J. Martino, D. Wealthy, Karsten Danzmann, Peter Wass, Heather Audley, E. Castelli, L. Wissel, Luigi Ferraioli, J. Baird, Ignacio Mateos, Christian J. Killow, Michele Armano, N. Korsakova, I. Harrison, N. Meshksar, J. A. Lobo, M. Freschi, S. Paczkowski, E. D. Fitzsimons, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, Nikolaos Karnesis, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, José F. F. Mendes, W. J. Weber, M. Hewitson, Oliver Jennrich, J. Reiche, Lluis Gesa, H. Inchauspé, Jose Sanjuan, James Ira Thorpe, R. Maarschalkerweerd, Catia Grimani, M. de Deus Silva, F. Martin-Porqueras, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, A. M. Cruise, Miquel Nofrarías, J. P. López-Zaragoza, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), LISA Pathfinder, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
detector: satellite, interferometer, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Low frequency, 01 natural sciences, Transfer function, Temperature measurement, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitational waves, temperature: fluctuation, Instruments [Space vehicles], Ones gravitacionals, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Física::Relativitat::Gravitació [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], space vehicles: instruments, Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, LISA, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, gravitational radiation, Time evolution, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gravitational radiation detector, Interferometry, frequency: low, Pathfinder, gravitational waves, gravitational waves – space vehicles: instruments, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], temperature: stability, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Aeronàutica i espai::Astronàutica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], business, Noise (radio)
Abstract

LISA Pathfinder (LPF) was a technology pioneering mission designed to test key technologies required for gravitational wave detection in space. In the low frequency regime (milli-Hertz and below), where space-based gravitational wave observatories will operate, temperature fluctuations play a crucial role since they can couple into the interferometric measurement and the test masses' free-fall accuracy in many ways. A dedicated temperature measurement subsystem, with noise levels in 10$\,\mu$K$\,$Hz$^{-1/2}$ down to $1\,$mHz was part of the diagnostics unit on board LPF. In this paper we report on the temperature measurements throughout mission operations, characterize the thermal environment, estimate transfer functions between different locations and report temperature stability (and its time evolution) at frequencies as low as 10$\,\mu$Hz, where typically values around $1\,$K$\,$Hz$^{-1/2}$ were measured., Comment: 13 pages, 16 figures. MNRAS LaTeX style file version 3.0

Published
2019
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28. Staphylococcus aureus—An Additional Parameter of Bathing Water Quality for Crowded Urban Beaches

Author

Marin Glad, Slaven Jozić, Nancy Topić, Davor Mance, Diana Mance, Arijana Cenov, Darija Vukić Lušić, Dražen Lušić, and Damir Kapetanović

Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus, Veterinary medicine, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, fecal indicator bacteria, Indicator bacteria, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Article, Bathing water quality, BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Javno zdravstvo i zdravstvena zaštita, Medicine, Health risk, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), bathing water quality, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Public Health and Health Care, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Waterborne diseases, medicine.disease, crowded beaches, business
Abstract

During the last years, the report of the occurrence of waterborne disease symptoms related to non-enteric pathogens has increased, without any record of higher levels of indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci). Therefore, the use of current indicators is not always adequate when assessing the overall potential health risk and the inclusion of additional parameters needs to be examined. This paper reports on the incidence and levels of Staphylococcus aureus at 258 locations in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County (Croatia) recorded by official bathing water quality monitoring, as well as supplemental monitoring carried out at the two most frequented beaches in the City of Rijeka. The number of bathers was found to be the main factor affecting S. aureus levels (r = 0.321, p &lt, 0.05). The share of S. aureus positive samples from the official monitoring was significantly lower, when compared to the share of samples from supplemental monitoring (2.2% and 36.3%, respectively, p &lt, 0.01). Besides the number of bathers, one of the main reasons is likely the higher sampling frequency. No correlation was found between S. aureus levels and the indicator bacteria. The results indicate that the determination of S. aureus and increased sampling frequency is recommended for overcrowded beaches.

Published
2021
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29. Analysis of the accuracy of actuation electronics for the laser interferometer space antenna

Author

Davor Mance, Luigi Ferraioli, J. ten Pierick, Domenico Giardini, and N. Meshksar

Subjects
Acceleration, Pathfinder, Computer science, business.industry, Rounding, Electrical engineering, Code (cryptography), Electronics, Laser interferometer space antenna, business, Field-programmable gate array, Instrumentation
Abstract

Electrostatic actuation of a free-floating test-mass was tested in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder mission, and it will be integrated into the LISA. We have investigated the LISA Pathfinder actuation accuracy with respect to the precision of fractional digits in the field programmable gate array (FPGA) code of actuation electronics. The LISA Pathfinder data showed that the rounding errors in the FPGA code result in an erroneous force that contaminated the main mission observable, and this error was compensated in the post-processing of the LISA Pathfinder data. To avoid a similar issue for the LISA, the LISA actuation accuracy can be improved by increasing the number of fractional digits in the FPGA code. However, this is restricted by some hardware limitations. In this paper, we investigate the necessary enlargement of the FPGA to fulfill the LISA acceleration requirements and propose a design optimization for LISA actuation electronics.

Published
2020
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30. Precision charge control for isolated free-falling test masses: LISA pathfinder results

Author

J. Martino, Domenico Giardini, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, Ian Harrison, S. Paczkowski, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Eric Plagnol, B. Kaune, Peter Wass, Henri Inchauspe, N. Korsakova, D. I. Robertson, Víctor S. Martín, J. Baird, Daniele Vetrugno, N. Meshskar, P. Sarra, Oliver Jennrich, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, Ph. Jetzer, E. Castelli, J. Grzymisch, Gerhard Heinzel, S. Vitale, D. Shaul, H. Ward, P. Pivato, F. Rivas, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, G. Santoruvo, Michele Armano, Catia Grimani, M. Hueller, D. Hoyland, G. Dixon, M. Freschi, Ignacio Mateos, Lluis Gesa, Karsten Danzmann, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Pierre Binétruy, Daniel Hollington, Nikolaos Karnesis, W. J. Weber, R. Maarschalkerweerd, M. de Deus Silva, F. Martin-Porqueras, P. Zweifel, Antonella Cavalleri, A. Wittchen, Gudrun Wanner, J. A. Lobo, Juan Ramos-Castro, James Ira Thorpe, Luigi Ferraioli, E. D. Fitzsimons, Heather Audley, R. Giusteri, M. Born, L. Wissel, Christian J. Killow, Markus Pfeil, Rita Dolesi, S. Waschke, L. Mendes, Ingo Diepholz, José F. F. Mendes, A. M. Cruise, M. Hewitson, D. Bortoluzzi, Miquel Nofrarías, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ferran Gibert, L. Martin-Polo, J. Reiche, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Davor Mance, D. Texier, Ivan Lloro, F. Mailland, C. Trenkel, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), LISA, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), LISA Pathfinder Collaboration, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, Gravitational wave detectors, Software, MATLAB, physics.ins-det, MISSION, computer.programming_language, Physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 3. Good health, cosmic radiation, Physical Sciences, GEANT, charge: surface, Física::Relativitat [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], photoelectron, Experimental studies of gravity, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Electric charge, Charge, electric field: effect, Gravitational waves, cosmic rays, Ones gravitacionals, photon: irradiation, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Charge control, Experiments in gravity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, GEANT4, Science & Technology, charge: electric, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Charge (physics), FIELDS, charge: induced, Computational physics, Pathfinder, business, cosmology, computer
Abstract

International audience; The LISA Pathfinder charge management device was responsible for neutralizing the cosmic-ray-induced electric charge that inevitably accumulated on the free-falling test masses at the heart of the experiment. We present measurements made on ground and in flight that quantify the performance of this contactless discharge system which was based on photoemission under UV illumination. In addition, a two-part simulation is described that was developed alongside the hardware. Modeling of the absorbed UV light within the Pathfinder sensor was carried out with the Geant4 software toolkit and a separate Matlab charge transfer model calculated the net photocurrent between the test masses and surrounding housing in the presence of AC and DC electric fields. We confront the results of these models with observations and draw conclusions for the design of discharge systems for future experiments like LISA that will also employ free-falling test masses.

Published
2018
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31. Calibrating the system dynamics of LISA Pathfinder

Author

J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, W. J. Weber, Christian J. Killow, Ignacio Mateos, M. de Deus Silva, S. Paczkowski, Pierre Binétruy, Eric Plagnol, J. Reiche, J. P. López-Zaragoza, N. Korsakova, Gerhard Heinzel, N. Meshksar, J. Martino, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, F. Rivas, Domenico Giardini, G. Dixon, Antonella Cavalleri, Ferran Gibert, Catia Grimani, Ian Harrison, T. J. Sumner, Oliver Jennrich, Henri Inchauspe, Antoine Petiteau, Gudrun Wanner, L. Liu, Paul McNamara, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Peter Zweifel, Juan Ramos-Castro, L. Martin-Polo, E. Castelli, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Lluis Gesa, J. Baird, Heather Audley, R. Maarschalkerweerd, José F. F. Mendes, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, Daniele Vetrugno, A. Wittchen, M. Hueller, M. Hewitson, D. Hoyland, S. Vitale, A. M. Cruise, Nikolaos Karnesis, B. Kaune, P. Pivato, Davor Mance, D. Texier, D. I. Robertson, Luigi Ferraioli, M. Born, Víctor S. Martín, James Ira Thorpe, F. Martin-Porqueras, Ph. Jetzer, L. Wissel, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, Karsten Danzmann, Miquel Nofrarías, Daniel Hollington, J. A. Lobo, Michele Armano, M. Freschi, Peter Wass, Ivan Lloro, R. Giusteri, Rita Dolesi, E. D. Fitzsimons, Ingo Diepholz, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
noise, detector: performance, detector: satellite, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Residual, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, INTERFEROMETRY, Acceleration, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Aerospace engineering, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), MISSION, Physics, LISA, Science & Technology, Spacecraft, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Noise (signal processing), business.industry, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, acceleration, stability, calibration, gravitational radiation detector, System dynamics, Pathfinder, Physical Sciences, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], readout, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; LISA Pathfinder (LPF) was a European Space Agency mission with the aim to test key technologies for future space-borne gravitational-wave observatories like LISA. The main scientific goal of LPF was to demonstrate measurements of differential acceleration between free-falling test masses at the sub-femto-g level, and to understand the residual acceleration in terms of a physical model of stray forces, and displacement readout noise. A key step toward reaching the LPF goals was the correct calibration of the dynamics of LPF, which was a three-body system composed by two test-masses enclosed in a single spacecraft, and subject to control laws for system stability. In this work, we report on the calibration procedures adopted to calculate the residual differential stray force per unit mass acting on the two test-masses in their nominal positions. The physical parameters of the adopted dynamical model are presented, together with their role on LPF performance. The analysis and results of these experiments show that the dynamics of the system was accurately modeled and the dynamical parameters were stationary throughout the mission. Finally, the impact and importance of calibrating system dynamics for future space-based gravitational wave observatories is discussed.

Published
2018
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32. Beyond the required LISA free-fall performance: new LISA Pathfinder results down to 20 μHz

Author

Daniele Vetrugno, Oliver Jennrich, P. Pivato, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, Ph. Jetzer, Gerhard Heinzel, L. Martin-Polo, Miquel Nofrarías, Christian J. Killow, Pierre Binétruy, Antoine Petiteau, Ivan Lloro, N. Meshksar, Paul McNamara, E. D. Fitzsimons, Daniel Hollington, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Karsten Danzmann, R. Giusteri, Salvatore Vitale, Luigi Ferraioli, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, Lluis Gesa, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, J. A. Lobo, Rita Dolesi, E. Castelli, S. Paczkowski, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, Peter Zweifel, B. Kaune, Mauro Hueller, Heather Audley, R. Maarschalkerweerd, Michele Armano, D. Hoyland, G. Dixon, A. Wittchen, M. Freschi, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ferran Gibert, Peter Wass, José F. F. Mendes, Nikolaos Karnesis, Davor Mance, D. Texier, I. Harrison, D. I. Robertson, Ignacio Mateos, Antonella Cavalleri, M. Hewitson, Domenico Giardini, J. Martino, L. Wissel, N. Korsakova, J. Reiche, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, F. Rivas, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, M. Born, Ingo Diepholz, James Ira Thorpe, J. Baird, Henri Inchauspe, W. J. Weber, F. Martin-Porqueras, A. M. Cruise, M. de Deus Silva, Catia Grimani, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Astrofísica, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics, Noise figure, 01 natural sciences, 09 Engineering, LISA Pathfinder, pressure, benchmark, Noise performance, force: electrostatic, Physics, 02 Physical Sciences, Noise measurement, Brownian noise, Benchmarking, statistics, frequency, Physical Sciences, European Space Agency, Space probes, performance, General Physics, noise, perturbation, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Experimental benchmarks, calibration: electrostatic, Low frequency, Gravitational waves, Physics and Astronomy (all), Ones gravitacionals, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, noise: acceleration, 010306 general physics, 01 Mathematical Sciences, LISA, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Noise measurements, Física::Electromagnetisme::Ones electromagnètiques [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Low-frequency, Computational physics, Pathfinder, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Differential accelerations, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

In the months since the publication of the first results, the noise performance of LISA Pathfinder has improved because of reduced Brownian noise due to the continued decrease in pressure around the test masses, from a better correction of noninertial effects, and from a better calibration of the electrostatic force actuation. In addition, the availability of numerous long noise measurement runs, during which no perturbation is purposely applied to the test masses, has allowed the measurement of noise with good statistics down to 20 μHz. The Letter presents the measured differential acceleration noise figure, which is at (1.74±0.05) fm s−2/√Hz above 2 mHz and (6±1)×10 fm s−2/√Hz at 20 μHz, and discusses the physical sources for the measured noise. This performance provides an experimental benchmark demonstrating the ability to realize the low-frequency science potential of the LISA mission, recently selected by the European Space Agency., Physical Review Letters, 120 (6), ISSN:0031-9007, ISSN:1079-7114

Published
2018
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33. Characteristics and Energy Dependence of Recurrent Galactic Cosmic-Ray Flux Depressions and of a Forbush Decrease with LISA Pathfinder

Author

C. Zenoni, Lluis Gesa, J. Martino, A. Zambotti, Gerhard Heinzel, R. Maarschalkerweerd, A. Wittchen, I. Harrison, L. Martin-Polo, N. Korsakova, Stefano Vitale, Luis Mendes, J. A. Lobo, Marco Freschi, Nikolaos Karnesis, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, B. Kaune, D. Hoyland, Antoine Petiteau, L. Wissel, Daniele Bortoluzzi, Paul McNamara, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, Pierre Binétruy, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Catia Grimani, Antonella Cavalleri, Ignacio Mateos, Heather Audley, Daniele Vetrugno, Miquel Nofrarías, J. Baird, Massimo Bassan, Monica Laurenza, Davor Mance, M. Born, Federico Sabbatini, F. Martin-Porqueras, James Ira Thorpe, Michele Armano, A. M. Cruise, Philippe Jetzer, E. D. Fitzsimons, Christian J. Killow, Karsten Danzmann, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, J. Reiche, P. Pivato, D. I. Robertson, Henri Inchauspe, Ingo Diepholz, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, M. Fabi, M. de Deus Silva, Mauro Hueller, R. Giusteri, G. Dixon, Peter Wass, S. Paczkowski, N. Finetti, F. Rivas, Peter Zweifel, Rita Dolesi, Oliver Jennrich, Eric Plagnol, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Gudrun Wanner, Domenico Giardini, Juan Ramos-Castro, Vicente Martín, Daniel Hollington, Simone Benella, Daniele Telloni, Ivan Lloro, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ferran Gibert, Damien Texier, Luigi Ferraioli, José F. F. Mendes, M. Hewitson, W. J. Weber, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Astrofísica, solar–terrestrial relations, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0306 Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural), [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], interferometers [instrumentation], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0305 Organic Chemistry, 27-DAY VARIATION, Physics - Space Physics, Coronal mass ejection, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, cosmic rays, instrumentation: interferometers, interplanetary medium, solar-terrestrial relations, Sun: heliosphere, Sun: rotation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Sun rotation, Solar–terrestrial relations, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), heliosphere [Sun], Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Space physics, charged particle, solar, ELECTRONS, CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS, interferometers, Sun: rotation [cosmic rays, instrumentation], Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, SOLAR-WIND, cosmic radiation: galaxy, Physical Sciences, Physics::Space Physics, Solar rotation, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, cosmic radiation: flux, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, HELIOSPHERIC MODULATION, Interplanetary medium, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, rotation [Sun], Astronomy & Astrophysics, 0103 physical sciences, PARTICLES, Forbush decrease, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], instrumentation interferometers, SPACED DATA, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Sun heliosphere, solar terrestrial relations, SPECTRUM, LISA, Science & Technology, cosmic radiation: energy spectrum, INTENSITY, POSITRONS, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), cosmic rays, instrumentation interferometers, interplanetary medium, solar terrestrial relations, Sun heliosphere, Sun rotation, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, monitoring, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], charged particle: detector, Interplanetary spaceflight, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Heliosphere
Abstract

The final publication is available at IOS Press through http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaa774 Galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) energy spectra observed in the inner heliosphere are modulated by the solar activity, the solar polarity and structures of solar and interplanetary origin. A high counting rate particle detector (PD) aboard LISA Pathfinder, meant for subsystems diagnostics, was devoted to the measurement of GCR and solar energetic particle integral fluxes above 70 MeV n-1 up to 6500 counts s-1. PD data were gathered with a sampling time of 15 s. Characteristics and energy dependence of GCR flux recurrent depressions and of a Forbush decrease dated 2016 August 2 are reported here. The capability of interplanetary missions, carrying PDs for instrument performance purposes, in monitoring the passage of interplanetary coronal mass ejections is also discussed.

Published
2018
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34. Experimental results from the ST7 mission on LISA Pathfinder

Author

S. Vitale, W. Warner, Lluis Gesa, J. Fernandez, Nikolaos Karnesis, M. Connally, R. Kolasinski, J. Martino, Thomas Randolph, Gerhard Heinzel, R. Maarschalkerweerd, A. Wittchen, J. Gorelik, Eric Ehrbar, S. Rhodes, Ian Harrison, J. Wellman, J. A. Lobo, Thomas Roy, O. Hsu, A. Carmain, Oliver Jennrich, G. Dixon, M. Cherng, Charley Dunn, Henri Inchauspe, Ivan Lloro, D. Miller, F. Rivas, Luigi Ferraioli, L. Chen, D. Kern, L. Markley, Heather Audley, José F. F. Mendes, E. Dorantes, Gudrun Wanner, Peter Wass, S. Paczkowski, T. Le, Juan Ramos-Castro, R. Valencia, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, William E. Connolly, Pierre Binétruy, L. Wissel, H. Umfress, R. Parikh, D. Hoyland, T. J. Sumner, John R. Anderson, L. Liu, M. Hewitson, L. Mendes, E. Castelli, Vlad Hruby, Antonella Cavalleri, N. Korsakova, O. Liepack, Shahram Javidnia, Miquel Nofrarías, John J. Evans, Michele Armano, C. Kuo, M. Freschi, Daniel Hollington, Garth Franklin, Douglas J. Jackson, G. Aveni, K. Blackman, M. Hueller, Christian J. Killow, M. S. Anderson, J. P. López-Zaragoza, M. Born, Ingo Diepholz, S. Malik, N. Meshksar, Ryan Martin, S. Clark, Nate Demmons, Douglas Spence, Ferran Gibert, J. Stocky, W. Tolman, Ignacio Mateos, D. Conroy, Ira Thorpe, G. Plett, Phil Barela, A. Littlefield, Peter Willis, J. D’Agostino, M. Cooper, A. M. Cruise, D. Bortoluzzi, Catia Grimani, M. Duran, M. de Deus Silva, H. Shaw, F. Martin-Porqueras, J. Reiche, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, E. D. Fitzsimons, Peter Zweifel, R. Giusteri, Ph. Jetzer, M. Knopp, T. Ramsey, D. I. Robertson, J. Mehta, Domenico Giardini, W. J. Weber, M. Girard, Rita Dolesi, L. Martin-Polo, Colleen Marrese-Reading, Karsten Danzmann, D. Bame, I. Li, Eric Plagnol, B. Kaune, Víctor S. Martín, C. Valerio, Andrew Romero-Wolf, D. Nguyen, J. Baird, Greg M. Anderson, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Peiman Maghami, Davor Mance, D. Texier, John Ziemer, J. Tallon, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, A. Ruiz, Carlos F. Sopuerta, J. O’Donnell, Daniele Vetrugno, Curt Cutler, J. Mennela, P. Pivato, Jurg Zwahlen, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ST7, LISA Pathfinder, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and ST7 Team

Subjects
detector: technology, Space technology, Gravitational-wave observatory, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Thrust, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Noise (electronics), Physics, Particles & Fields, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, Experiments in gravity, thrust, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Aerospace engineering, noise: acceleration, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), activity report, Physics, LISA, Science & Technology, Spacecraft, density: spectral, business.industry, Payload, Noise spectral density, Pathfinder, Physical Sciences, control system, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, cosmology, performance
Abstract

The Space Technology 7 Disturbance Reduction System (ST7-DRS) is a NASA technology demonstration payload that operated from January 2016 through July of 2017 on the European Space Agency's LISA Pathfinder spacecraft. The joint goal of the NASA and ESA missions was to validate key technologies for a future space-based gravitational wave observatory targeting the source-rich milliHertz band. The two primary components of ST7-DRS are a micropropulsion system based on colloidal micro-Newton thrusters (CMNTs) and a control system that simultaneously controls the attitude and position of the spacecraft and the two free-flying test masses (TMs). This paper presents our main experimental results and summarizes the overall the performance of the CMNTs and control laws. We find that the CMNT performance to be consistent with pre-flight predictions, with a measured system thrust noise on the order of $100\,\textrm{nN}/\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$ in the $1\,\textrm{mHz}\leq f \leq 30\,\textrm{mHz}$ band. The control system maintained the TM-spacecraft separation with an RMS error of less than 2$\,$nm and a noise spectral density of less than $3\,\textrm{nm}/\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$ in the same band. Thruster calibration measurements yield thrust values consistent with the performance model and ground-based thrust-stand measurements, to within a few percent. We also report a differential acceleration noise between the two test masses with a spectral density of roughly $3\,\textrm{fm}/\textrm{s}^2/\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$ in the $1\,\textrm{mHz}\leq f \leq 30\,\textrm{mHz}$ band, slightly less than twice as large as the best performance reported with the baseline LISA Pathfinder configuration and below the current requirements for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission.

Published
2018
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35. Econometric Analysis of Croatia’s Proclaimed Foreign Exchange Rate

Author

Saša Žiković, Diana Mance, and Davor Mance

Subjects
central bank policies, Inflation, monetary transmission effects, HF5001-6182, Inflation targeting, media_common.quotation_subject, Monetary policy, Foreign direct investment, Monetary economics, General Business, Management and Accounting, Vector autoregression, Exchange rate, inflation targeting, Economics, Business, Real interest rate, Price of stability, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, media_common
Abstract

The officially proclaimed foreign exchange policy of the Croatian National Bank (CNB) is a managed float with a discretionary right of intervention on the Croatian kuna/euro foreign exchange (FX) market in order to maintain price stability. This paper examines the validity of three monetary policy hypotheses: the stability of the nominal exchange rate, the stability of exchange rate changes, and the exchange rate to inflation pass-through effect. The CNB claims a direct FX to inflation rate pass-through channel for which we find no evidence, but we find a strong link between FX rate changes and changes in M4, as well as between M4 changes and inflation. Changes in foreign investment Granger cause changes in monetary aggregates that further Granger cause inflation. Changes in FX rate Granger cause a reaction in M4 that indirectly Granger causes a further rise in inflation. Vector Autoregression Impulse Response Functions of changes in FX rate, M1, M4, and CPI confirm the Granger causalities in the established order.

Published
2015
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36. Measuring the Galactic Cosmic Ray Flux with the LISA Pathfinder Radiation Monitor

Author

A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Ignacio Mateos, Ivan Lloro, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, Peter Zweifel, Gerhard Heinzel, Miquel Nofrarías, Domenico Giardini, J. P. López-Zaragoza, A. Wittchen, Ferran Gibert, M. de Deus Silva, F. Martin-Porqueras, J. Reiche, Peter Wass, A. M. Cruise, N. Finetti, Davor Mance, Mauro Hueller, B. Kaune, N. Korsakova, D. Texier, Lluis Gesa, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, G. Dixon, Oliver Jennrich, Catia Grimani, E. Castelli, S. Vitale, Michele Armano, R. Maarschalkerweerd, Ph. Jetzer, Pierre Binétruy, M. Freschi, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, Luigi Ferraioli, D. I. Robertson, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, E. Plagnol, James Ira Thorpe, Carlos F. Sopuerta, D. Hoyland, Karsten Danzmann, M. Born, L. Martin-Polo, Antonella Cavalleri, J. Grzymisch, Henri Inchauspe, Ingo Diepholz, V. Martín, J. Martino, Daniele Vetrugno, Nikolaos Karnesis, H. Ward, F. Rivas, L. Wissel, P. Pivato, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, I. Harrison, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, N. Meshskar, Christian J. Killow, José F. F. Mendes, M. Hewitson, W. J. Weber, R. Giusteri, Rita Dolesi, J. Baird, E. D. Fitzsimons, J. A. Lobo, S. Paczkowski, Daniel Hollington, Heather Audley, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Astrofísica, Pathfinder, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, Charging, GCR, GEANT4, LISA, Radiation Monitor, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Spacecraft, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Astronomy, Nuclear & Particles Physics, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Physics::Space Physics, Heliospheric current sheet, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Noise (radio), astro-ph.IM
Abstract

© . This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Test mass charging caused by cosmic rays will be a significant source of acceleration noise for space-based gravitational wave detectors like LISA. Operating between December 2015 and July 2017, the technology demonstration mission LISA Pathfinder included a bespoke monitor to help characterise the relationship between test mass charging and the local radiation environment. The radiation monitor made in situ measurements of the cosmic ray flux while also providing information about its energy spectrum. We describe the monitor and present measurements which show a gradual 40% increase in count rate coinciding with the declining phase of the solar cycle. Modulations of up to 10% were also observed with periods of 13 and 26 days that are associated with co-rotating interaction regions and heliospheric current sheet crossings. These variations in the flux above the monitor detection threshold (¿˜¿70¿MeV) are shown to be coherent with measurements made by the IREM monitor on-board the Earth orbiting INTEGRAL spacecraft. Finally we use the measured deposited energy spectra, in combination with a GEANT4 model, to estimate the galactic cosmic ray differential energy spectrum over the course of the mission.

Published
2017
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37. LISA Pathfinder closed-loop analysis: a model breakdown of the in-loop observables

Author

Ph. Jetzer, W. J. Weber, Lluis Gesa, Karsten Danzmann, Alexander Schleicher, F. Rivas, R. Maarschalkerweerd, A. Wittchen, J. Grzymisch, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, D. Wealthy, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, H. Rozemeijer, D. Shaul, H. Ward, Eric Plagnol, Catia Grimani, Ian Harrison, Henri Inchauspe, Ignacio Mateos, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Domenico Giardini, A. Zambotti, Michael Troebs, C. Zanoni, P. Prat, R. De Rosa, Michele Armano, B. Kaune, A. Lobo, S. Madden, Antonella Cavalleri, M. Freschi, C. Garcia Marrirodriga, N. Dunbar, M. de Deus Silva, R. Gerndt, J. Baird, M. Bassan, J. Martino, L. Mendel, Daniele Vetrugno, L. Wissel, Pierre Binétruy, L. Di Fiore, J. P. López-Zaragoza, J. Reiche, Martin Hewitson, E. D. Fitzsimons, Oliver Jennrich, Daniel Hollington, Víctor S. Martín, Daniele Bortoluzzi, A. Cesarini, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, G. Russano, Ferran Gibert, Tobias Ziegler, P. Pivato, Gerard Auger, R. Giusteri, M. Caleno, N. Korsakova, Ingo Diepholz, Miquel Nofrarías, Ivan Lloro, M. Cruise, D. I. Robertson, Peter Zweifel, M. Hueller, Luigi Ferraioli, Ruggero Stanga, Tamara Sumner, R. Flatscher, Aniello Grado, Heather Audley, U. Ragnit, N. Karnesis, Rita Dolesi, José F. F. Mendes, Davor Mance, B. Johlander, D. Texier, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, M. Born, D. Hoyland, Peter Wass, James Ira Thorpe, L. Martin-Polo, F. Martin-Porqueras, C. Trenke, S. Paczkowski, P. Sarra, S. Vitale, N. Brandt, L. Liu, Christian J. Killow, Gerhard Heinzel, and LISA Pathfinder Collaboration

Subjects
Physics, History, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, Observable, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 09 Engineering, Computer Science Applications, Education, Loop (topology), Pathfinder, Control theory, 0103 physical sciences, Physical Sciences, 010306 general physics, Closed loop analysis
Abstract

This paper describes a methodology to analyze, in the frequency domain, the steady-state control performances of the LISA Pathfinder mission. In particular, it provides a technical framework to give a comprehensive understanding of the spectra of all the degrees of freedom by breaking them down into their various physical origins, hence bringing out the major contributions of the control residuals. A reconstruction of the measured in-loop output, extracted from a model of the closed-loop system, is shown as an instance to illustrate the potential of such a model breakdown of the data.

Published
2017

38. LISA Pathfinder: First steps to observing gravitational waves from space

Author

N. Karnesis, C. Garca Marrirodriga, Michele Armano, Ian Harrison, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, D. Hoyland, M. Freschi, Henri Inchauspe, M. Cruise, Daniele Vetrugno, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Gerhard Heinzel, F. Rivas, Lluis Gesa, Ignacio Mateos, P. Pivato, Ph. Jetzer, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, R. Maarschalkerweerd, A. Wittchen, R. Gerndt, Peter Wass, Karsten Danzmann, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, S. Paczkowski, L. Liu, Carlos F. Sopuerta, R. Giusteri, P. Prat, N. Dunbar, Antonella Cavalleri, S. Vitale, L. Martin-Polo, J. Baird, U. Ragnit, Christian J. Killow, Domenico Giardini, M. de Deus Silva, Rita Dolesi, P. Sarra, H. Rozemeijer, Tobias Ziegler, R. De Rosa, J. Reiche, A. Zambotti, W. J. Weber, D. Shaul, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, M. Bassan, M. Hueller, J. Martino, E. D. Fitzsimons, Alexander Schleicher, R. Flatscher, Catia Grimani, F. Martin-Porqueras, Michael Troebs, Peter Zweifel, J. Grzymisch, M. Born, N. Korsakova, Aniello Grado, Heather Audley, H. Ward, Pierre Binétruy, James Ira Thorpe, L. Wissel, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Mendes, B. Johlander, Miquel Nofrarías, C. Zanoni, Eric Plagnol, Ruggero Stanga, Ingo Diepholz, A. Lobo, Martin Hewitson, Daniel Hollington, L. Di Fiore, Oliver Jennrich, M. Caleno, D. Wealthy, D. I. Robertson, C. Trenkel, Luigi Ferraioli, Tamara Sumner, Davor Mance, D. Texier, B. Kaune, S. Madden, Ivan Lloro, José F. F. Mendes, Víctor S. Martín, N. Brandt, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ferran Gibert, Gerard Auger, and LISA Pathfinder Collaboration

Subjects
Physics, History, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, Gravitational wave, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astronomy, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Space (mathematics), 09 Engineering, Computer Science Applications, Education, Pathfinder, Physical Sciences
Abstract

LISA Pathfinder, the European Space Agency's technology demonstrator mission for future spaceborne gravitational wave observatories, was launched on 3 December 2015, from the European space port of Kourou, French Guiana. After a short duration transfer to the final science orbit, the mission has been gathering science data since. This data has allowed the science community to validate the critical technologies and measurement principle for low frequency gravitational wave detection and thereby confirming the readiness to start the next generation gravitational wave observatories, such as LISA. This paper will briefly describe the mission, followed by a description of the science operations highlighting the performance achieved. Details of the various experiments performed during the nominal science operations phase can be found in accompanying papers in this volume.

Published
2017

39. Charge-induced force noise on free-falling test masses: results from LISA Pathfinder

Author

B. Johlander, Heather Audley, Gerhard Heinzel, M. Cruise, Ph. Jetzer, José F. F. Mendes, R. Giusteri, M. Hewitson, Lluis Gesa, G. Auger, Antoine Petiteau, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, Paul McNamara, R. Gerndt, Rita Dolesi, N. Korsakova, R. Maarschalkerweerd, A. Wittchen, Karsten Danzmann, Michele Armano, J. Baird, Carlos F. Sopuerta, S. Paczkowski, M. Freschi, Oliver Jennrich, P. Prat, E. D. Fitzsimons, Henri Inchauspe, Daniele Vetrugno, W. J. Weber, Christian J. Killow, B. Kaune, P. Sarra, S. Madden, Daniele Bortoluzzi, Peter Wass, L. Mendes, A. Bursi, C. García Marirrodriga, P. Pivato, Miquel Nofrarías, J. Huesler, F. Martin-Porqueras, Mauro Hueller, H. Rozemeijer, Antonella Cavalleri, R. Flatscher, Pierre Binétruy, N. Brandt, Nikolaos Karnesis, C. Trenkel, C. Zanoni, J. Martino, S. Vitale, Ignacio Mateos, A. Schleicher, J. Gallegos, Daniel Hollington, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Ferran Gibert, M. de Deus Silva, Luigi Ferraioli, N. Dunbar, Catia Grimani, Domenico Giardini, J. A. Romera Perez, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, M. Caleno, D. I. Robertson, Tobias Ziegler, James Ira Thorpe, A. Moroni, D. Wealthy, U. Ragnit, Ivan Lloro, Davor Mance, D. Texier, J. Reiche, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Peter Zweifel, I. Harrison, L. Martin-Polo, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, M. Born, Ingo Diepholz, F. Rivas, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LISA Pathfinder, LISA Pathfinder Collaboration, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA )

Subjects
Gravitational-wave observatory, Capacitive sensing, General Physics and Astronomy, Interplanetary flight, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 09 Engineering, Laser interferometers, Gravitational wave detectors, Cosmic ray measurement, Dedicated measurements, force: electrostatic, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], MISSION, Physics, 02 Physical Sciences, Stochastic systems, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Interferometria làser, Electrostatics, Cosmology, electric field, observatory, cosmic radiation, frequency, Physical Sciences, Electrostàtica, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, European Space Agency, electrostatic, Noise (radio), Gravitation, Laser interferometer space antenna, General Physics, Electric fields, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Capacitive sensors, FOS: Physical sciences, Gravity waves, LISA Pathfinder Collaboration, Electrostatic measurements, Gravitational waves, Physics and Astronomy (all), Acceleration, Ones gravitacionals, Gravitational reference sensors, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Frequency bands, stochastic, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], noise: acceleration, coupling, 010306 general physics, Electrostatic modeling, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 01 Mathematical Sciences, LISA, Science & Technology, Interferometers, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Electrostatic force, FIELDS, gravitational radiation detector, Computational physics, Pathfinder, gravitation, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], mass, Laser interferometry, Differential accelerations, SYSTEM, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

We report on electrostatic measurements made on board the European Space Agency mission LISA Pathfinder. Detailed measurements of the charge-induced electrostatic forces exerted on free-falling test masses (TMs) inside the capacitive gravitational reference sensor are the first made in a relevant environment for a space-based gravitational wave detector. Employing a combination of charge control and electric-field compensation, we show that the level of charge-induced acceleration noise on a single TM can be maintained at a level close to 1.0 fm/s^2/sqrt(Hz) across the 0.1-100 mHz frequency band that is crucial to an observatory such as LISA. Using dedicated measurements that detect these effects in the differential acceleration between the two test masses, we resolve the stochastic nature of the TM charge build up due to interplanetary cosmic rays and the TM charge-to-force coupling through stray electric fields in the sensor. All our measurements are in good agreement with predictions based on a relatively simple electrostatic model of the LISA Pathfinder instrument., Comment: 9 Pages, 3 figures

Published
2017
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40. Incremental cost-effectiveness pharmacoeconomic assessment of hepatitis C virus therapy: an approach for less wealthy members of the common market

Author

Dinko Vitezić, Davor Mance, and Diana Mance

Subjects
Marginal cost, Liver Cirrhosis, medicine.medical_specialty, Combination therapy, Genotype, Sustained Virologic Response, Croatia, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Psychological intervention, Hepacivirus, BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Farmacija, Antiviral Agents, BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Klinička farmakologija s toksikologijom, Pharmacoeconomics, Medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, Economics, Pharmaceutical, European Union, European union, Intensive care medicine, Budget constraint, media_common, Cost–benefit analysis, business.industry, General Medicine, pharmacoeconomics, incremental cost-effectiveness analysis, hepatitis C virus combination therapy, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Middle Aged, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Pharmacy, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Surgery, Economic evaluation, Drug Therapy, Combination, business, Monte Carlo Method
Abstract

Aim To develop a new method of health-economic analysis based on a marginal approach. Methods We tested the research hypothesis that a detailed comparative a priori incremental cost-effectiveness analysis provides the necessary input for budget impact analysis about the proper order of introduction of new therapies, and thus maximizes the cost-effectiveness bounded by the total budget constraint. For the analysis we chose a combination therapy for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 (GT1) infection, which was approved by the European Medicine Agency in 2015. We used the incremental cost-effective approach to assess the increase in the percentage of patients achieving sustained virological response (SVR) and the expenditure per additional SVR modulated by the new therapy’s market entrance dynamics. Patient subpopulations were differentiated by their response to previous treatment, presence of cirrhosis, and HCV GT1 subtype. Final parameters were estimated by Monte Carlo simulations. Results The new combination therapy had high efficacy, shorter duration, and was better tolerated than alternative interventions. The research hypothesis was confirmed: gradual introduction of the new therapy on the market, based on a priori incremental cost-effectiveness analysis, would result in average increase in successfully treated patients by 20%-40%, while additional costs would approximately be between 8%-40%, ie, €21 000-52 000 per additional patient achieving SVR. Conclusion We showed the new combination therapy to be cost-effective for certain patient subpopulations, especially for experienced cirrhotic HCV GT1 patients. Results of the analysis are in agreement with the latest recommendations for HCV patients’ treatment in Croatia. This economic evaluation could serve as a starting point for negotiations between pharmaceutical industry and insurance companies.

Published
2017

41. Four degrees of price discrimination - examples from pharmacoeconomics

Author

Davor Mance, Diana Mance, and Dinko Vitezić

Subjects
pharmacoeconomics, price discrimination
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To present the four degrees of price discrimination based on the criteria of quantity/quality differentiation and the individual/group patient differentiation. To answer the question of how are therapies valued relative to one another. METHODS: Firstly, we present a schematic representation of the traditional three degrees of price discrimination dependent on whether the seller targets individuals or groups, and whether buyers wish to use quantity or quality discounts. Secondly, we introduce the fourth degree of price discrimination on the example of the pharmaceuticals market. Drugs have different qualitative features that in our example are measured in percentage of sustained virological response, and/or different toxicities. We try to measure these qualitative values in the quantity/quality differentiation and conjecture a relation with the price of a drug. RESULTS: Economics recognises a set of three degrees of price discrimination dependent on whether the seller targets individuals or groups, and whether buyers wish to use quantity rebates. The first degree of price discrimination consists of perfect, individually targeted, price/quality combinations that fully extract consumers’ surplus. The second degree price discrimination consists of quantity rebates. The third degree of price discrimination is based on group targeting according to the group average willingness to pay. This is a problem for low income EU member states as prices of pharmaceuticals are formed according to the dominant market average willingness to pay. We introduce a fourth degree of price discrimination based on price/quality relations of pharmaceuticals we call disutility discounts. Disutility discount is the aggregate subjective unwillingness to pay for lower therapy quality. CONCLUSION: The pharmaceutical industry is driven by the profit motive and bounded by patent expiration dates. Discriminatory pricing schemes are necessary to recover initial sunk costs of research and development investments, and are a reflection of different price/quality ratios present on the market.

Published
2017

42. Rational decision making in the allocation of extremely expensive drugs

Author

Diana Mance, Davor Mance, and Dinko Vitezić

Subjects
allocation, decision making, pharmacoeconomics
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To present a method of health- economic analysis and allocation based on a marginal approach under budget constraints. METHODS: We show that a detailed comparative a priori incremental cost-effectiveness analysis provides the necessary input for budget impact analysis about the proper order of introduction of new therapies. By arranging the therapies according to the cost-effectiveness rule and taking into account multiple constraints (most importantly the budgetary constraint), the standard of care maximises the health value for the patient. We show the method on the example of a Croatian standard of care for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Final parameters were estimated by Monte Carlo simulations. RESULTS: New HCV therapies, approved by the European Medicine Agency in 2015, have high efficacy, shorter duration, and are better tolerated than alternative interventions. Patient subpopulations were differentiated by their response to previous treatment and fibrosis METAVIR score. Depending on patient subpopulation, different therapies, including the dual therapy of pegylated interferon and ribavirin, are found to be cost- effective in comparison to alternatives. CONCLUSION: We showed that introduction of new therapies on the market based on marginal analysis would result in a significant increase of successfully treated patients under budget constraint. This economic evaluation is an example of negotiations’ starting point between pharma industry and health management organisations, as well as for an introduction of specific contracts between them.

Published
2017

43. Sub-Femto- g Free Fall for Space-Based Gravitational Wave Observatories: LISA Pathfinder Results

Author

R. Gerndt, F. Rivas, Daniele Bortoluzzi, L. Carbone, L. Mendes, Ph. Jetzer, Walter Fichter, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, D. Hoyland, Ulrich Johann, Gudrun Wanner, Miquel Nofrarías, Peter Wass, Juan Ramos-Castro, Pierre Binétruy, Ivan Lloro, Lluis Gesa, G. Auger, C. Trenkel, Stefano Vitale, James Ira Thorpe, Antoine Petiteau, A. Grynagier, Paul McNamara, A. F. García Marín, G. Congedo, Luigi Ferraioli, M. Born, R. Maarschalkerweerd, Karsten Danzmann, V Wand, C. Zanoni, A. Monsky, Ruggero Stanga, Ingo Diepholz, Carlos F. Sopuerta, F. Steier, A. Cesarini, José F. F. Mendes, Tobias Ziegler, N. Korsakova, G. Russano, F. Guzmán, H. Rozemeijer, M. Hewitson, A. Schleicher, B. Johlander, J. P. López-Zaragoza, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Michele Armano, Daniel Hollington, Daniele Vetrugno, D. Wealthy, B. Kaune, S. Madden, P. Sarra, A. Zambotti, M. Diaz-Aguilo, Christian J. Killow, Peter Zweifel, Davor Mance, D. Shaul, T. J. Sumner, L. Liu, J. Grzymisch, H. Ward, M. Freschi, L. Di Fiore, Oliver Jennrich, Michael Tröbs, H. B. Tu, R. Flatscher, M. Caleno, D. I. Robertson, J. A. Lobo, S. Paczkowski, Ferran Gibert, L. Martin-Polo, P. Prat, I. Harrison, P. Pivato, Ignacio Mateos, C. García Marirrodriga, Mauro Hueller, D. Texier, A. Wittchen, U. Ragnit, Aniello Grado, Heather Audley, J Sanjuán, C. Warren, J. Reiche, B. Rais, Henri Inchauspe, G. Dixon, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, Domenico Giardini, Daniele Nicolodi, N. Brandt, Nikolaos Karnesis, Giacomo Ciani, Antonella Cavalleri, J. Martino, R. Giusteri, L. Wissel, Rita Dolesi, J. Baird, Massimo Bassan, R. De Rosa, E. D. Fitzsimons, Gerhard Heinzel, W. J. Weber, A. M. Cruise, F. Martin-Porqueras, M. de Deus Silva, N. Dunbar, Catia Grimani, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, UK Space Agency, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Armano, M., Audley, H., Auger, G., Baird, J. T., Bassan, M., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Brandt, N., Caleno, M., Carbone, L., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Ciani, G., Congedo, G., Cruise, A. M., Danzmann, K., De Deus Silva, M., DE ROSA, Rosario, Diaz Aguiló, M., Di Fiore, L., Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Dunbar, N., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fichter, W., Fitzsimons, E. D., Flatscher, R., Freschi, M., García Marín, A. F., García Marirrodriga, C., Gerndt, R., Gesa, L., Gibert, F., Giardini, D., Giusteri, R., Guzmán, F., Grado, A., Grimani, C., Grynagier, A., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Johann, U., Johlander, B., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Lobo, J. A., Lloro, I., Liu, L., López Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martín, V., Martin Polo, L., Martino, J., Martin Porqueras, F., Madden, S., Mateos, I., Mcnamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Monsky, A., Nicolodi, D., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Pivato, P., Plagnol, E., Prat, P., Ragnit, U., Raïs, B., Ramos Castro, J., Reiche, J., Robertson, D. I., Rozemeijer, H., Rivas, F., Russano, G., Sanjuán, J., Sarra, P., Schleicher, A., Shaul, D., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Stanga, R., Steier, F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Trenkel, C., Tröbs, M., Tu, H. B., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wand, V., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Warren, C., Wass, P. J., Wealthy, D., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., Zambotti, A., Zanoni, C., Ziegler, T., Zweifel, P., Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
General Physics, Gravitational-wave observatory, detector: performance, Physics, Multidisciplinary, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Noise (electronics), 09 Engineering, LISA Pathfinder, Gravitational waves, Acceleration, Physics and Astronomy (all), Square root, Ones gravitacionals, gas, 0103 physical sciences, Orders of magnitude (speed), interferometer: satellite, noise: acceleration, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 Mathematical Sciences, MISSION, Physics, LISA, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, density: spectral, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, gravitational radiation, Spectral density, gravitational radiation detector: satellite, detector: sensitivity, gravitation, Physical Sciences, viscosity, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Brownian noise, readout, INTERFEROMETER
Abstract

We report the first results of the LISA Pathfinder in-flight experiment. The results demonstrate that two free-falling reference test masses, such as those needed for a space-based gravitational wave observatory like LISA, can be put in free fall with a relative acceleration noise with a square root of the power spectral density of 5.2 +/- 0.1 fm s(exp -2)/square root of Hz, or (0.54 +/- 0.01) x 10(exp -15) g/square root of Hz, with g the standard gravity, for frequencies between 0.7 and 20 mHz. This value is lower than the LISA Pathfinder requirement by more than a factor 5 and within a factor 1.25 of the requirement for the LISA mission, and is compatible with Brownian noise from viscous damping due to the residual gas surrounding the test masses. Above 60 mHz the acceleration noise is dominated by interferometer displacement readout noise at a level of (34.8 +/- 0.3) fm square root of Hz, about 2 orders of magnitude better than requirements. At f less than or equal to 0.5 mHz we observe a low-frequency tail that stays below 12 fm s(exp -2)/square root of Hz down to 0.1 mHz. This performance would allow for a space-based gravitational wave observatory with a sensitivity close to what was originally foreseen for LISA.

Published
2016
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44. LTP IS FEE Sensing Channel: Front-End Modeling and Symmetry Adjustment Method

Author

Davor Mance, Li Gan, and Peter Zweifel

Subjects
Transimpedance amplifier, Engineering, Analogue electronics, business.industry, Amplifier, Electrical engineering, Multiplicative noise, law.invention, Front and back ends, law, Electronic engineering, Operational amplifier, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Transformer, Instrumentation, Network analysis
Abstract

The inertial sensor (IS) front-end electronic (FEE) is one of the key subsystems in the laser interferometer space antenna (LISA) pathfinder (LPF) satellite. The front-end circuit of the IS FEE sensing channel, consisting of the transformer and transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs), is considered to be a critical part of the design. Asymmetry of this circuit would produce the sensing offset and provide wrong information to the control loop, which would incorrectly position the spacecraft. Also, the imbalance of this circuit could introduce multiplicative noise to the sensing output. In this paper, a detailed mathematical model of the transformer and TIAs is derived, and a new symmetry adjustment method is proposed based on the analysis of the model. The suggested adjustment method is verified on the prototype circuit designed at ETH Zurich, and the experimental results show that the suggested method can accurately adjust the circuit symmetry and greatly reduce the sensing offset.

Published
2012
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45. Actuation to sensing crosstalk investigation in the inertial sensor front-end electronics of the laser interferometer space antenna pathfinder satellite

Author

Li Gan, Davor Mance, and Peter Zweifel

Subjects
Engineering, Inertial frame of reference, business.industry, Metals and Alloys, Electrical engineering, Laser interferometer space antenna, Condensed Matter Physics, Capacitance, Front end electronics, Electric charge, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Crosstalk, Capacitor, Pathfinder, law, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

The inertial sensor (IS) front-end electronic (FEE) is considered to be one of the most critical designs in the laser interferometer space antenna (LISA) and LISA pathfinder (LPF) satellite. The actuation to sensing crosstalk in the IS FEE could deteriorate the IS test mass (TM) sensing information, thus affect the TM control and the mission performance critical estimation of the TM net electrostatic charge level. By detailed modeling, we find that the crosstalk is most likely caused by the capacitance variation at the output stage of the actuation circuit due to the applied actuation signal. Different types of capacitors were tested in the prototype sensing and actuation circuit and the sensing performance for different actuation signals were measured. The measurement results show that the crosstalk in our prototype circuit can be made negligible, but not fully avoided since the capacitors are not absolutely constant when the actuation signal is applied. Compared to the use of other types of capacitors, the use of polyphenylene sulphide (PPS), polyester (PET) and C0G type capacitors can achieve better performance with crosstalk level far below the limit.

Published
2011
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46. Free-flight experiments in LISA Pathfinder

Author

C. Trenkel, F. Martin-Porqueras, J. Baird, Nikolaos Karnesis, Lluis Gesa, R. Gerndt, Paul McNamara, A. Bursi, A. Moroni, G. Auger, Curt Cutler, Karsten Danzmann, James Ira Thorpe, Valerio Ferroni, Gerhard Heinzel, C. Zanoni, Ian Harrison, R. Maarschalkerweerd, B. Johlander, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Rita Dolesi, R. Giusteri, M. Born, A. Schleicher, Daniele Vetrugno, N. Dunbar, P. Sarra, Luis Mendes, Peter Wass, Daniel Hollington, T. J. Sumner, Eric Plagnol, C. García Marirrodriga, B. Kaune, A. Wittchen, H. Rozemeijer, U. Ragnit, N. Brandt, H. Ward, S. Madden, D. Wealthy, Ingo Diepholz, P. Prat, P. Pivato, Mauro Hueller, H. B. Tu, Víctor S. Martín, Ewan Fitzsimons, Antonella Cavalleri, S. Paczkowski, Jacob Slutsky, M. Cruise, Michele Armano, Pierre Binetruy, J. A. Romera Perez, Davor Mance, José F. F. Mendes, Gudrun Wanner, Stefano Vitale, Juan Ramos-Castro, Philippe Jetzer, W. J. Weber, M. Freschi, Ivan Lloro, D. Texier, Domenico Giardini, S. Waschke, Antoine Petiteau, J. Huesler, J. Reiche, Oliver Jennrich, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Tobias Ziegler, N. Korsakova, Peter Zweifel, H. Inchauspe, Catia Grimani, P. Maghami, Heather Audley, S. Wen, M. Caleno, D. I. Robertson, Christian J. Killow, Martin Hewitson, Luigi Ferraioli, Ignacio Mateos, Daniele Bortoluzzi, Miquel Nofrarías, J. Gallegos, and Ferran Gibert

Subjects
History, Inertial frame of reference, Testing, Orbits, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, LISA Pathfinder, Gravitational wave detectors, Primary (astronomy), Free flight, Spacecraft, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften, Physics, Noise source, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Flight experiments, Computer Science Applications, Drag, Tracking (position), Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, ddc:500, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Space probes, realizations, Gravitation, spaced data, On-orbit performance, spectral-analysis, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Gravity waves, Education, Acceleration, Space-based, Mission requirements, ddc:530, Aerospace engineering, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Konferenzschrift, algorithm, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Noise, Pathfinder, Potential sources, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik, business
Abstract

The LISA Pathfinder mission will demonstrate the technology of drag-free test masses for use as inertial references in future space-based gravitational wave detectors. To accomplish this, the Pathfinder spacecraft will perform drag-free flight about a test mass while measuring the acceleration of this primary test mass relative to a second reference test mass. Because the reference test mass is contained within the same spacecraft, it is necessary to apply forces on it to maintain its position and attitude relative to the spacecraft. These forces are a potential source of acceleration noise in the LISA Pathfinder system that are not present in the full LISA configuration. While LISA Pathfinder has been designed to meet it's primary mission requirements in the presence of this noise, recent estimates suggest that the on-orbit performance may be limited by this `suspension noise'. The drift-mode or free-flight experiments provide an opportunity to mitigate this noise source and further characterize the underlying disturbances that are of interest to the designers of LISA-like instruments. This article provides a high-level overview of these experiments and the methods under development to analyze the resulting data., 13 pages, 5 figures. Accepted to Journal Of Physics, Conference Series. Presented at 10th International LISA Symposium, May 2014, Gainesville, FL, USA

Published
2015
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47. In-flight thermal experiments for LISA Pathfinder: Simulating temperature noise at the Inertial Sensors

Author

Ivan Lloro, Antoine Petiteau, Paul McNamara, J. Huesler, C. Zanoni, M. Cruise, Stefano Vitale, Martin Hewitson, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Gerhard Heinzel, Daniel Hollington, S. Paczkowski, N. Brandt, Nikolaos Karnesis, Daniele Bortoluzzi, Daniele Vetrugno, L. Mendes, Ignacio Mateos, H. B. Tu, H. Ward, G. Auger, Miquel Nofrarías, P. Pivato, S. Wen, Tobias Ziegler, P. Sarra, A. Schleicher, A. Bursi, Antonella Cavalleri, S. Waschke, Michele Armano, F. Martin-Porqueras, Oliver Jennrich, Christian J. Killow, R. Maarschalkerweerd, D. Wealthy, A. Wittchen, M. Freschi, J. A. Perez Romera, P. Prat, C. García Marirrodriga, Heather Audley, H. Rozemeijer, Michael Perreur-Lloyd, Ewan Fitzsimons, Ingo Diepholz, Mauro Hueller, Peter Wass, Pierre Binétruy, M. Born, C. Trenkel, M. Caleno, B. Johlander, James Ira Thorpe, A. Moroni, D. I. Robertson, Gudrun Wanner, Juan Ramos-Castro, José F. F. Mendes, Eric Plagnol, V. Martín, Domenico Giardini, N. Dunbar, Catia Grimani, P. Maghami, R. Giusteri, R. Gerndt, Rita Dolesi, Ph. Jetzer, Karsten Danzmann, B. Kaune, S. Madden, Henri Inchauspe, I. Harrison, Davor Mance, D. Texier, J. Gallegos, Ferran Gibert, Luigi Ferraioli, Tamara Sumner, L. l. Gesa, J. Reiche, A. Cesarini, G. Russano, Jacob Slutsky, Valerio Ferroni, Peter Zweifel, U. Ragnit, W. J. Weber, J. Baird, and N. Korsakova

Subjects
History, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Noise (electronics), Education, Physics, Applied, Inertial measurement unit, ddc:530, Aerospace engineering, Konferenzschrift, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften, Physics, Spacecraft, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Computer Science Applications, Pathfinder, Physics::Space Physics, Measuring instrument, Brownian noise, ddc:500, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik, business
Abstract

Thermal Diagnostics experiments to be carried out on board LISA Pathfinder (LPF) will yield a detailed characterisation of how temperature fluctuations affect the LTP (LISA Technology Package) instrument performance, a crucial information for future space based gravitational wave detectors as the proposed eLISA. Amongst them, the study of temperature gradient fluctuations around the test masses of the Inertial Sensors will provide as well information regarding the contribution of the Brownian noise, which is expected to limit the LTP sensitivity at frequencies close to 1mHz during some LTP experiments. In this paper we report on how these kind of Thermal Diagnostics experiments were simulated in the last LPF Simulation Campaign (November, 2013) involving all the LPF Data Analysis team and using an end-to-end simulator of the whole spacecraft. Such simulation campaign was conducted under the framework of the preparation for LPF operations. Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)/AYA2010-15709

Published
2015
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48. Opportunity Cost Classification of Goods and Markets

Author

Davor Mance, Nenad Vretenar, and Jana Katunar

Subjects
Consumption (economics), Marginal cost, Microeconomics, Opportunity cost, Excludability, Economics, Production (economics), Investment (macroeconomics), classification of goods and markets, opportunity costs, prospective sunk costs, Rivalry, Economies of scale
Abstract

The right to a legal remedy is one of the fundamental rights, which must be provided to every party involved in the proceedings (criminal, administrative, civil) which decide on the party%s rights, obligations or legal benefits. In the field of misdemeanour law with regard to the fast track misdemeanour proceedings, the legislature refers to this remedy as the request for judicial protection. Its effectiveness at the level of the set of reasons and their frequency at lodging the request, with the aim of providing the best possible legal protection of offenders, is unexplored, and so an in-depth empirical, historical and normative research of the challenge against its lodging has been made, in particular of the range, meaning, scope and the frequency of the filing of the reasons challenging the lodging. The research established that the range of the challenging grounds for filing a request for judicial protection extends with the amendments to the Minor Offences Act and in this way provides a greater legal protection for offenders, and that most of them are filed due to a challenge on the grounds of erroneous and incomplete factual findings. This suggests that in this part of the fast track misdemeanour proceedings, most irregularities by misdemeanours authority are claimed. The results of empirical research utilizing the model of challenging the Police decisions regarding misdemeanours present the conduct of research, the methods used, as well as the baseline for a model of judicial protection against the decisions of the Police regarding the Minor Offences Act de lege ferenda.

Published
2015

49. The LTP experiment on the LISA Pathfinder mission

Author

W. J. Weber, Guiseppe Racca, Kevin Middleton, Christian J. Killow, A. F. Garcia Marin, M. Cruise, Stefano Vitale, V. Lorizzo, D. Kolbe, M. Da Lio, V. Wand, E. Balaguer, Mauro Hueller, Paolo Bosetti, R. Gerndt, Walter Fichter, Rita Dolesi, Davor Mance, Enrique García-Berro, Gerhard Heinzel, M. Smit, N. Dunbar, D. Hoyland, F Nappo, Daniele Bortoluzzi, A. Selig, S. Kemble, Markus Landgraf, D. Desiderio, Alberto Lobo, M. Sandford, Ulrich Johann, Miquel Nofrarías, Oliver Jennrich, J. H. Hough, N. Brandt, L. Stagnaro, Peter Zweifel, José Ramos, Martin E. Caldwell, C. Tirabassi, D. Shaul, Karsten Danzmann, David Robertson, Domenico Giardini, Tamara Sumner, M. Benedetti, Jose Sanjuan, C. Garcia, Alberto Gianolio, M. Armano, A. Ciccolella, L. Carbone, A. Hammesfahr, Claus Braxmaier, I. Cristofolini, P. Sarra, S. Anza, C. Boatella, H. Ward, M. Sallusti, Sam Tobin, Antonella Cavalleri, D. Smart, and R. Gruenagel

Subjects
Physics, Pathfinder, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Systems engineering, Remote sensing
Abstract

We report on the development of the LISA Technology Package (LTP) experiment that will fly onboard the LISA Pathfinder mission of the European Space Agency in 2008. We first summarize the science rationale of the experiment aimed at showing the operational feasibility of the so-called transverse–traceless coordinate frame within the accuracy needed for LISA. We then show briefly the basic features of the instrument and we finally discuss its projected sensitivity and the extrapolation of its results to LISA.

Published
2005
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50. GRS electronics for a space-borne gravitational wave observatory

Author

Domenico Giardini, Peter Zweifel, Davor Mance, Luigi Ferraioli, N. Meshksar, and J. ten Pierick

Subjects
Physics, History, Gravitational-wave observatory, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Electronics, Space (mathematics), Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract

The Gravitational Reference Sensor (GRS) electronics is a crucial element of the future space-borne gravitational wave observatory. Together with the optical metrology system, it provides position measurements of the sensor's reference body, a Test Mass (TM), for all axes. This is needed for precise spacecraft control. In addition, the GRS electronics can actuate the TM using electrostatic forces, which is used to keep the TM centered in its enclosure or to follow a certain guidance. The GRS electronics has been successfully tested during the LISA Pathfinder mission, launched in December 2015. The electronics has been designed in Switzerland by RUAG and HES-SO under supervision of ETH Zurich and University of Zurich. The paper describes the working principle and the adopted technical solutions for the LISA Pathfinder GRS electronics and for the LISA GRS electronics prototype. Both confirm the readiness of the technology for LISA., Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 840, ISSN:1742-6588, ISSN:1742-6596

Published
2017
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