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The purpose of this study is to develop the lesson flow that puts emphasis on activities to examine argumentation patterns in the situation of formulating hypotheses in lower secondary school science class within the same lesson hours as before. As the means of examining multiple argumentation patterns, students think hypotheses individually, argue the hypotheses in the group, share them in the class, then examine the hypotheses by the group. Method of the experiment is given by the teacher. Before the experiment, each group made predictions of the results of the experiment. Group A argues multiple hypotheses that were exemplified by the teacher and selects one hypothesis. Group B argues hypotheses which individual students formulated then formulates one hypothesis. The results of lessons conducted in the unit of “electric current” in the 2nd grade of a lower secondary school showed significant improvements in both groups, showing students interpret and argue the results of the experiment based on the expected results.

K-anonymity is a privacy-preserving technique used to protect sensitive information in datasets by generalizing or suppressing identifying information. In this research paper, we examine three algorithms for achieving k-anonymity: top-down, Mondrian, and improved Mondrian. The top-down algorithm begins by selecting the highest-level attribute in a hierarchical data structure and generalizing it to the least specific value. The process is then repeated for the next highest-level attribute until k-anonymity is achieved. The Mondrian algorithm is a partition-based approach that recursively splits the dataset into smaller partitions until k-anonymity is achieved. The enhanced Mondrian algorithm takes into account the data distribution within each partition. According to the results of the experiments, the improved algorithm performs better than the top-down and mondrian algorithms when it comes to both execution time and information loss. The latest version of Mondrian's algorithm significantly reduced the number of partition sizes required to achieve K-anonymy. It is a better method than ever before when it comes to protecting large datasets. The ability of the algorithm to take into consideration the distribution of attribute values in each partition allows it to perform more efficient privacy-preserving work.

Введение. Методом сопоставительного языкознания исследуется, рассматривается и сравнивается понятие управления в русском и персидском языках. При этом делается акцент на близости по общеиндоевропейскому корню этих двух языков. Целью данного исследования являются лучшее понимание управления в русском языке и выявление присутствия управления в персидском языке, помимо его определения в персидском, рассматриваются аспекты на основе русского языка, такие как сильное и слабое, прямое и косвенное управление и функции, которые выполняют зависимые слова. Материал и методы. Материалом послужили грамматические пособия по обоим языкам и специализированные книги и статьи по теме управления (особенно в русском языке). По данной теме в русском языке существует немало исследований, но в персидском языке встречаются редкие работы, в основном на уровне диссертационных работ. Результаты и обсуждение. Управление в русском языке, бесспорно, существует, только встречаются некоторые разногласия по его полноценному существованию, например его разграничение с примыканием, в данной работе объясняется их отличие. Присутствие управления в персидском языке спорное, но в данном исследовании доказывается, что оно существует, но по сравнению с русским языком по-другому выражается. Управление в русском языке более отработанное, поэтому используется как шаблон и на его основе рассматривается управление в персидском языке. Заключение. Делаются выводы о сравнении управления в обоих данных языках, в связи с чем обнаруживаются факты, например употребление послелога – را в персидском языке, во многих случаях уподобляется управлению беспредложного одушевленного винительного падежа мужского рода. Представлены и другие выводы: наличие сильного и слабого, прямого и косвенного управления в персидском языке. Результаты данного исследования могут быть очень эффективными при обучении русскому или персидскому языкам как иностранным.

В статье анализируются критерии, существенности, результаты которых являются следствием суждения бухгалтера, и которые соответственно необходимы для того, чтобы отражать факты хозяйственной деятельности в системе бухгалтерского учета, а также раскрывать информацию о состоянии финансово-финансовых результатах деятельности организаций в отчетности., The article analyzes the criteria of materiality, the results of which are the result of the accountant's judgment, and which are accordingly necessary in order to reflect the facts of economic activity in the accounting system, as well as to disclose information about the state of financial and financial results of organizations in the reporting., Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 1 (150) 2023, Pages 40-42

International audience; Purpose: Ethical questions are poorly investigated specifically in radiation oncology. The objective of the study was to identify and understand the main ethical issue in radiation oncology. Materials and methods: A quantitative analysis was based on the answers to a questionnaire of 200 professionals from 22 radiation oncology departments. The questionnaire mainly aimed to characterize the main ethical issue. A monocentric qualitative analysis was based on semi-structured interviews focused on the main identified ethical issue, carried out with eight technologists, and 20 patients undergoing radiotherapy. Results: The main ethical issue was the understanding and/or acceptance of the treatment by the patients (71 %), which frequently arises (more than once a month) (52 %), and corresponds to an ethical tension between the principles of respect for autonomy and beneficence (the good as viewed by the patient) as defined by Beauchamp and Childress. The technologists, wish the patient to be fully involved in his treatment, with the even possibility of refusing it. However, excluding paternalism and autonomic relentlessness, the technologists have the feeling of acting for the good of the patients by treating them with radiation, even if the patients are not always aware of it, because they are within a situation of vulnerability. If the hierarchy of principles is a compromise alternative, this problem is finally well resolved by the effective implementation of an ethic of consideration and solicitude, restoring the patient capabilities, i.e. the maximum development of his potentialities in his situation of vulnerability. Beyond the legal dimension, patient information is crucial and must consider the specific temporality of the patient. Conclusion: The main ethical issue in radiation oncology is the understanding and/or acceptance of the treatment involving the development of an ethic of consideration and solicitude.

In this study we will try replicate our earlier results that situational pressure moderates the preference of "followers" for one of two leadership styles. In order to achieve this, we will present participants with the description of a company aswell as its economic and social situation and ask them to imagine being an employee of the described company. Afterwards we present them with the profiles of two potential group leaders that differ in their leadership style, these leadership styles are based on the two most important behavioural styles identified by the Ohio State leadership studies ("consideration" and "initiating structure"). Then participants will choose for which of the two leaders they would prefer to work for and rate both of them regarding their qualification and their liking of them

This paper describes a comparative study of complaint discourse in Japanese and Indonesian focusing on modality expression. 500 items of each language were collected from TripAdvisor and usage of modality were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. As a result, modality forms have often been reported to be used to show consideration for the other person, such as avoidance of judgments and euphemisms, roundabout expressions or consideration (hairyo) for the other person are expressed. It was confirmed in complaint discourse, that there are cases in which have no consideration (hairyo) for the other person at all, rather than in a direct way of speaking. Both Japanese and Indonesian modality functioned effectively for expressing complaint. It was found that in “obvious complaint” the modality emphasizes the hotel’s faults and forces them to work appropriately, and in “implicit complaint”, the modality can express complaint with slightly reducing the burden on the hotel side by emphasizing the self-pay. The subject is used to determine whether an utterance expressing Complaint is “explicit/direct” or “implicit/indirect” in terms of the discourse level. In other words, the degree of FTA (Face Threat Act) differs depending on whether the subject is the writer (the guest) or the reader (the hotel). When the subject of “an act” is the reader (hotel side), the modality form functions to emphasize the reader’s fault (wrongness) or to force the reader (hotel side) to act. On the other hand, when the subject of “an act” was the writer, the function was to emphasize self- imposed burden or to understate the fault/burden of the reader (the hotel side).

Teams can benefit markedly when formal supervisors stimulate their individual members’ emergence as informal leaders. Combining insights from informal leadership research and social learning theory, we cast supervisors’ role modeling of initiating structure and consideration behaviors as seemingly straightforward means of achieving this—but we suggest that the success of such role modeling critically hinges on supervisors’ as well as members’ status in the team. Results from a study of 220 nurses across 48 teams showed, accordingly, that a supervisor’s initiating structure promoted individual members’ informal leader emergence by increasing members’ respective behavior. This indirect relationship only materialized, however, among relatively high-status supervisors and relatively low-status members. Moreover, although supervisors’ and members’ consideration were positively related (among relatively high-status supervisors, and largely irrespective of a member’s status), such behavior did not influence members’ emergence as informal leaders. Together, these findings offer novel insights into how, when, and why formal supervisors may aid their team members’ attainment of informal leader roles. They shed new light on the complexity of formal–informal leadership linkages, with both supervisors’ and members’ standing in the team representing crucial, yet heretofore largely unexamined boundary conditions for formal supervisors’ respective influence.

Енглеска доктрина consideration представља суштинско одређење common law уго- вора. Њен значај заснива се на околности да је утуживост тамошњег уговорног обећања условљена обавезним присуством контрапрестације. Другим речима, пуноважност енглеског уговора подразумева да он увек мора бити теретан, чак синалагматичан, што значи да енглеско право не познаје категорију доброчиних уговора. Рад представља упоредноправну анализу енглеске доктрине consideration и аналог- них института европско-континенталне породице права. У том смислу, пре свега проу- чене су основне карактеристике и главне специфичности енглеског уговора. Након тога извршена је детаљна анализа енглеске доктрине consideration. Разматрани су критери- јуми на основу којих се утврђује да ли дата противчинидба представља правно ваљани, односно правно упитни consideration. Након тога извршен је преглед историјског развоја доктрине consideration, са посебним оствртом на критике којима је она у оквиру англоа- меричког правног круга изложена, нарочито од друге половине XX века. У оквиру упоредноправне анализе, сагледан је однос енглеске доктрине consideration и каузе, односно циља уговора европско-континентане породице права. По- себно је анализирана подела на каузалистички и антикаузалистички круг европских права. Осим компарације са институтом кауза, consideration је сагледан и у односу на сагласност воља, предмета обавезе, те дејства континенталног уговора. Након овог општег прегледа, доктрина consideration је сагледана и из угла права Европске уније, као и српског Закона о облигационим односима, као и прописа који уређују облигационе односе на простору некадашње Југославије. Након теоријске и позитивноправне компаративне анализе, обрађено је питање проблематике примене страног материјалног права од стране судова и арбитража, те у- тицај који судска пракса има на развој уговорног права. У оквиру посебне студије слу- чаја, анализирано је какве би правне квалификације у оквиру европско-континенталне породице права попримила чињенична грађа неколико познатих енглеских прецедената доктрине consideration. На крају рада понуђена је анализа могућих праваца развоја уговорног права на подручју Европе.

The research deals with Ibn Bajja's epistemology, and Ibn Bajja is considered to be the owner of a dialectical personality that people dispute in classifying his philosophy between faith and atheism, which necessitated the study of his ideas and standing on the direction and classification of his philosophy. The aim of the research is to highlight the philosophy of Ibn Bajja and his scientific status, Ibn Bajja deepened the study of the parts of the mind and raised the level of mental awareness to a level that surpasses all of the senses, and showed that the five external senses, The images transmitted do not give a correct perception until after they are presented to the internal senses represented by the common sense, as Ibn Bajja showed the importance of spiritual images and divided them into two types: private spirituality and general spirituality. The research showed Ibn Bajja's approach to interpreting the Qur'anic verses., يتناول البحث نظرية المعرفة عند ابن باجة، ويعد ابن باجة صاحب شخصية جدلية تنازع الناس في تصنيف فلسفته بين الإيمان والإلحاد، الأمر الذي استدعى دراسة أفكاره والوقوف على حقيقة توجهه وتصنيف فلسفته.وقد هدف البحث إلى إبراز فلسفة ابن باجة ومكانته العلمية، حيث يعرض البحث مدرسة الفيلسوف ابن باجة وما تحمل من أفكار عقلانية ومفاهيم فكرية دقيقة، فقد تعمق ابن باجة بدراسة أجزاء العقل وأعلى من شأن الإدراك العقلي إلى مستوى يفوق جميع الحواس، وبيّن أن الحواس الخمس الخارجية، وما تنقل من صور لا تعطي تصورًا صحيحًا إلا بعد عرضها على الحواس الداخلية المتمثلة بالحس المشترك، كما بيّن ابن باجة أهمية الصور الروحانية وقسمها إلى نوعين روحانية خاصة وروحانية عامة، وبيّن البحث منهج ابن باجة في تفسير الآيات القرآنية., Bu araştırma İbn Bâce’de Bilgi Teorisi konusunu ele almaktadır. İbn Bâce felsefî tartışmalarında iman ve ilhad arasında tasnif edilen bir konumda bulunan cedelci bir kişilik olarak sayılmaktadır. Onun fikirlerinin araştırılmasını ve gerçek eğilimini ortaya koymak, felsefî görüşlerini inceleyerek gerçek kimliğini tesbit etmek bilimsel olarak önemli bir meseledir.İşte bizim bu araştırmamızın hedefi de İbn Bâcce’nin felsefi görüşlerini ve bilimsel konumunu ortaya koymaktır. Zira bu araştırma, filozof İbn Bâce'nin ait olduğu felsefî okulunu, taşıdığı rasyonel fikirlerini ve dakik ve derin felsefi anlayışlarını ortaya koymaktadır. Gerçekten de İbn Bâcce aklın cüzlerinin araştırması konusunda derin temellere inmiştir. Akli idrakın konumunu hissî bilgiler ve algıların en yüksek seviyesinde konumlandırmıştır. Ayrıca beş haricî duyu organın ve suretlerden intikal eden bilgilerin dahilî bilgi, kaynaklarıyla arzedilip müşterek bir noktaya gelmedikçe doğru bilgiyi ifade edemediğini ve sağlam bir anlayış vermediğini açıklamıştır. İbn Bacce aynı şekilde manevi imgelerin önemini açıklamış ve onları özel maneviyat ve genel maneviyat olmak üzere iki türe ayırmıştır. İbn Bâcce bu bağlamda özellikle genel ve özel ruhanî suretlere büyük bir önem atfetmiş ve natık suretlerin mahza suretlerden ibaret olduğunu açıklamıştır. Ruhun ne zaman cismaniyetten yükselse, en üstün ruhanî surete dönüşmüş olup natıka kuvvetin onu idrak etmesini sağlayan şey haline geldiğini ifade etmektedir. İbn Bâcce başlıca eserlerinde felsefi görüşlerini desteklemek amacıyla çok sık olmasa da ayet ve hadislerden yararlanır. Ancak o, dini kaynaklar aracılığıyla felsefe ve din arasında bir uyumun varlığını göstermeyi hedeflemez. Onun düşüncesinde din veya ilahi vahiy, felsefi düşünceyi yetkinleştiren bir tamamlayıcı unsurdur.

Assuming that any waiver of revenue to the treasury needs to be duly substantiated and justified, as it is a potential public resource not collected for a pre-established purpose, it is important to understand how the concession process, implementation and monitoring of the promoted projects takes place. Decree-law No. 288/1967 states that, in order to be entitled to tax benefits, it is necessary to have a project approved by the Board of Directors of Suframa (CAS) and to comply with the counterparts established in that regulatory framework. After approval of the industrial project, the company holding the Approval Act must comply with its implementation within a period of up to 36 months. Once the project is implemented, it is monitored by the Manaus Free Zone Superintendence (SUFRAMA), thus concluding the cycle of waiver granted: if the assumptions presented in the industrial project are met, the company continues with the tax benefits; if, on the contrary, the company does not comply with the established, and after rights of defense - full defense and contradictory - does not comply with what had been established, the Federal Revenue of Brazil is informed so that the tax credit is released and the taxes due are collected. . The study in question details the process of granting, implementing and monitoring the industrial project and, based on the data collected resulting from the sample selected between the years 2017 to 2020, built indicators for reaching the expectations of the approved industrial project that structured the flow of inspection and analysis of the results of the tax waiver granted. Asumiendo que toda renuncia de ingresos al fisco debe ser debidamente fundamentada y justificada, por tratarse de un potencial recurso público no recaudado para un fin preestablecido, es importante entender cómo se desarrolla el proceso de concesión, ejecución y seguimiento de los proyectos promovidos. tiene lugar El Decreto-ley N° 288/1967 establece que, para tener derecho a los beneficios fiscales, es necesario contar con un proyecto aprobado por el Consejo de Administración de la Suframa (CAS) y cumplir con las contrapartes establecidas en ese marco normativo. Luego de la aprobación del proyecto industrial, la empresa titular del Acta de Aprobación deberá cumplir con su ejecución en un plazo de hasta 36 meses. Una vez implementado el proyecto, éste es monitoreado por la Superintendencia de la Zona Franca de Manaus (SUFRAMA), concluyendo así el ciclo de la dispensa concedida: si se cumplen los supuestos presentados en el proyecto industrial, la empresa continúa con los beneficios fiscales; si, por el contrario, la empresa no cumple con lo establecido, y después de los derechos de defensa - defensa plena y contradictoria - no cumple con lo establecido, se informa a la Receita Federal de Brasil para que se libere el crédito fiscal y se recaudan los impuestos adeudados. El estudio en cuestión detalla el proceso de concesión, ejecución y seguimiento del proyecto industrial y, con base en los datos recabados resultantes de la muestra seleccionada entre los años 2017 a 2020, construye indicadores para el cumplimiento de las expectativas del proyecto industrial aprobado que estructuró el flujo de fiscalización y análisis de los resultados de la dispensa tributaria otorgada. Partindo do pressuposto de que toda e qualquer renúncia de receita ao erário precisa estar devidamente fundamentada e justificada, por ser potencial recurso público não recolhido para uma finalidade preestabelecida, é importante compreender como se dá o processo de concessão, implantação e acompanhamento dos empreendimentos fomentados. O Decreto-lei nº 288/1967 elenca que para fazer jus aos benefícios fiscais é necessário ter projeto aprovado pelo Conselho de Administração da Suframa (CAS) e cumprir com contrapartidas estabelecidas naquele marco regulatório. Após aprovação do projeto industrial, a empresa detentora do Ato Aprobatório deve cumprir com sua implantação no prazo de até 36 meses. Uma vez implantado o projeto, este é acompanhado pela Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus (SUFRAMA), concluindo assim o ciclo da renúncia concedida: se os pressupostos apresentados no projeto industrial forem atendidos, a empresa segue com os benefícios fiscais; se, ao contrário, a empresa não cumprir com o estabelecido, e após direitos de defesa – ampla defesa e contraditório – não atender ao que fora estabelecido, a Receita Federal do Brasil é informada para que o crédito tributário seja lançado e os tributos devidos recolhidos. O estudo em questão detalha o processo de concessão, implantação e acompanhamento do projeto industrial e, a partir dos dados coletados resultantes da amostra selecionada entre os anos de 2017 a 2020, construiu indicadores de alcance das expectativas do projeto industrial aprovado que estruturaram o fluxo de fiscalização e análise de resultados da renúncia fiscal concedida.

別府大学, Beppu University, 井上（編）（2014）は，電話による4つの場面のペア入れ替え式ロールプレイ会話で，首都圏の高年層と若年層の談話比較を行った結果と分析である。調査は日本各地で行われたが，本研究ではその中の九州4地点の高年層ペアの依頼談話を比較した。その結果，談話構造はAの依頼→Bの断り→Aの説得（→Bの事情説明→Aの説得）→Bの受諾→AあるいはBの調整→Aの対人配慮・念押しと，ほぼ共通していることがわかった。構造内部の「依頼の話段」の中でAがどのような配慮表現をするか，「説得の話段」ではBに受諾させるための提案や再度の依頼をするか否か，そして，全体的に配慮や念押し等の言語行動，定型表現の使用についても比較した。その結果，都市性の比較的高い熊本県熊本市・鹿児島県（日置市他）では，「配慮性」につながる特徴が優勢で，都市性の低い大分県（由布市）・熊本県人吉市では，「積極性」につながる特徴が優勢であることがわかった。依頼談話におけるこのような特徴の分布は，「働きかけに対する姿勢」の異なりを明らかにしたといえ，地方発の方言文法現象等の発生のしくみを解明する手掛かりになると考える。, Fumiko Inoue (2014) compared and analyzed the discourse of seniors and young people in the Tokyo metropolitan area in a pair-replacement role-play conversation of four telephone scenes. The survey was conducted at several locations in Japan. In this study, I compared "the seniors' discourses in the scene of request" at four locations in Kyushu. As a result, the discourse structure was as follows: Request by A → Refusal by B → Persuasion by A (→ Explanation of the circumstances by B → Persuasion by A) → Acceptance by B → Adjustment by A or B → Interpersonal consideration and Reminder of request by A. The discourse structure was found to be fairly common. Next, I compared the kinds of consideration expression A gives in "the paragraph of the request," "the paragraph of the persuasion," whether to make another suggestion, whether to re-request, and overall language behaviors such as care and reminders and the use of set phrase. Results show that Kumamoto City and Kagoshima Prefecture ( Hioki City and the other) is highly urbanized among the group: "Consideration" is dominant. In Oita Prefecture (Yufu City) and Hitoyoshi City, Kumamoto Prefecture, where urbanity is low, "Positiveness" is dominant. The distribution of features in "the seniors' discourses in the scene of request" will likely be a key to elucidating the mechanism of spread, such as new dialect grammar phenomena originating in local areas., application/pdf

В этой статье рассматриваются основные юридические понятия, относящиеся к заключению договоров в общем праве и российском гражданском праве. Авторами раскрываются основные аспекты условий договоров в общем праве и российском гражданском праве., This article covers the most basic legal concepts in the formation of contracts in common law and Russian civil law. It reveals core aspects of the principal terms of the contracts in common law and Russian civil law.

本研究の目的は，大学生を対象に，気づかいの捉え方，気づかいによる個人への影響を取り上げ，これらが精神的健康にそれぞれどのように関連しているかについて検討を行うことであった。まず，気づかいの捉え方および気づかいによる影響の構成概念を明らかにするために，大学生169名を対象に予備調査を行った結果，気づかいの捉え方および気づかいによる影響のいずれにおいても，ポジティブな内容のみならずネガティブな内容について回答が得られ，捉え方およびその影響についての尺度作成のための示唆が得られた。次に，予備調査の結果を踏まえ，大学生772名を対象に本調査を行い，気づかいの捉え方および気づかいによる影響について検討を行った結果，気づかいの捉え方が４因子構造，気づかいによる影響が３因子構造であることが示された。作成された尺度を用いて「気づかいの捉え方→気づかいによる影響→精神的健康」のモデルを検討した結果，気づかいを「関係形成・維持」のように対人関係を築いたり円滑に進めたりするためのものとして捉えて行う場合，周囲への配慮を促進し精神的健康を高めることが示された。一方で，気づかいを「自己消耗」のように相手の機嫌を損ねないために自分の神経をすり減らすものとして捉えて行う場合，対人関係の消極化や自己価値の軽視に繋がりやすく，それが精神的健康の低下と関連していることが示された。

The purpose of this study is to fill the gap in the management accounting literature by integrating the role of management control systems on leadership style and organizational commitment. Data collection techniques in this study used an online survey by distributing the questionnaires to management accountants throughout Indonesia. SEM-PLS was used to test the hypothesis with a sample size of 158. The results showed that elements of formal and informal control systems, such as outcomes, actions, personnel and culture, influenced leadership behavior and the development of organizational commitment. Keywords: management control system, leadership style, initiation structure, consideration, organizational commitment.

In the English language learning, the technology is considered as a very important factor, even so, in the public-school context, teacher’s expertise, and knowledge to integrate are vitally important in the classroom. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the inclusion’s incidence of Duolingo platform in a third-grader's class led by a trainee teacher, who was concerned about why children presented several difficulties to assimilate a foreign language, this event motivated him to propose on his lesson plans permanently the inclusion of this platform during the development of his teaching practicum, which was convened with the home teacher, so he decided to investigate the effect of Duolingo’s use with his researcher sight, during its sessions. For the analysis of this study was considered theories from Čok (2016), Loeb, (2018), Ahmed(2016), Vesselinov & Grego (2012), among others, which were perceived Duolingo’s digital support as a facilitator element for the English language learning, it was also vital the teacher’s sight and expertise at the moment of including technology in the class space. For this research, three instruments were applied: Trainee teacher’s field notes, a survey, and a questionnaire, to measure children’s language knowledge knowing different perspectives of this experience, thus, to have arguments to invite the teachers to assume these challenges. Finally, the results let us to know the increase of the English grammar knowledge and vocabulary, after Duolingo’s implementation in the classroom, demonstrating a meaningful academic improvement also behavior changes were noticed and with that, value changes, tending to the education of an integral being, in the scholars.

La idea principal del ensayo por un lado es lograr la sensibilización y concientización de cada una de las personas habitantes del planeta tierra para tomar acciones inmediatas frente a los daños que estamos ocasionando a nuestro hogar, a la madre tierra y cómo podemos lograrlo con algunas alternativas que podemos implementar desde casa y hacer eco de las mismas. Y por otro lado es aportar al cumplimiento de los 17 objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, los cuales no solo buscan un impacto positivo con el medio ambiente, también un cambio positivo en la sociedad y por supuesto se mencionan un par de ejemplos en los cuales también podemos aportar y generar grandes cambios. La conclusión es la invitación a hacer parte del cambio, a correr la voz, a actuar inmediatamente por nuestro planeta, a ser conscientes de la situación actual y a ayudarnos entre todos para lograr los objetivos que buscamos en las próximas dos décadas. The main idea of the essay, in the first place, is to raise the awareness of each of the inhabitants of planet earth to take immediate action against the damage we are causing to our home, to our earth and how we can achieve it with some alternatives that we can implement from home and echo them. And on the other hand it is to contribute to the achievement of the 17 sustainable development goals, which not only look for a positive impact on the environment, but also a positive change in society and of course a couple of examples are mentioned in which we can also contribute and generate great changes. The conclusion is the invitation to be part of the change, to spread the word, to act immediately for our planet, to be aware of the current situation and to help each other to achieve the goals we want in the next two decades. Profesional en Negocios Internacionales http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.co Pregrado

This research is motivated by many applications for dispensation for Marriage after implementing the latest law related to the age limit for Marriage. This study examines judges' considerations from both normative and social aspects so that this dispensation application can be accepted. This research focuses on 1) how does the Judge review the application for a marriage dispensation after enacting Law Number 16 of 2019 at the Palangkaraya Religious Court? Religion of Palangkaraya?. This empirical research uses a statute approach and Islamic law. The research subjects are 5 (five) judges and 2 (two) informants who are substitute clerks at the Palangkaraya Religious Court. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation and analyzed through Islamic Laws and normative. The results of this study indicate that judges in deciding cases of marital dispensation do not only look at the Completeness of the legal administration. But also from a sociological perspective, granting a dispensation application sees aspects of the benefits that must be obtained to avoid more significant damage. The implication is that changes of the law related to marriage dispensation are increasing because it becomes a procedure to complete the marriage administration for underage couples in the provisions of the law.

RESUMEN Un asentamiento rural está íntimamente vinculado a otro a través de una red de personas, objetos y casas. Este trabajo busca explorar etnográficamente mecanismos de cohabitación y experiencias concretas que hacen posible la producción cotidiana de la vida en común en estos espacios mutuamente interconectados. Parto de la descripción de intercambios de un bien extremadamente valorado en un asentamiento localizado en el oeste del estado de São Paulo: botellas de agua congelada que son guardadas como tesoros y que siguen un circuito cotidiano entre las casas de viejos asentados, de nuevos asentados y de pueblos cercanos. Este bien, efímero, permite mapear la producción de vínculos entre las personas y su territorio, captando actos individuales de naturaleza colectiva. ABSTRACT A rural settlement is intimately linked to another through a network of people, objects and houses. This article seeks to ethnographically explore mechanisms of cohabitation and specific experiences that make the everyday production of community life possible in these mutually interconnected spaces. I start from the descriptions of exchanges of an extremely valued good in a settlement located in western Sao Paulo State: bottles of frozen water that are stored like treasures and that follow a daily circuit between the homes of old settlers, new settlers, and neighboring towns. This ephemeral good allows mapping the production of linkages between people and their territory, capturing individual acts of collective nature. RESUMO Um assentamento rural está intimamente vinculado a outro através de uma rede de pessoas, objetos e casas. Este trabalho explora, etnograficamente, mecanismos de coabitação e experiências concretas que fazem possível a produção cotidiana da vida em comúm nestes espaços mutuamente interconectados. Parto da descrição da troca de um bem extremamente valorizado em um assentamento rural localizado ao oeste do estado de São Paulo: garrafas de água congelada que são guardadas como tesouros e que seguem um circuito cotidiano entre as casas de velhos assentados, novos assentados e povoados próximos. Este item efémero, permite mapear a produção de vínculos entre as pessoas e seu território, capturando assim atos individuais de natureza coletiva.

The presented article has mainly a nature of theoretical discussion on the issue of squeeze out. The squeeze out entitles a majority shareholder to exercise his rights to buy out remaining shares of an offeree company. It a specific transaction mechanism with an impact on shareholders, offeree company, procedural regulation of the transfer of ownership rights arising from shares, methodological aspects of determining a squeeze out price of shares of minority shareholders, efficiency of capital markets etc. In case of Slovakia, the squeeze out has been used for more than one decade, however the number of such kind transactions is low. The main objective of the article is to point on specifics of that transaction and methodological aspects of determination of a general value of shares as a criterion of a fair price relying on basic attributes of procedural regulation of squeeze out in Slovakia, synthesis of knowledge from empirical studies, existing legal and financial theory as well practical experience one of

[要約]数十年前，パナソニックの創業者である松下幸之助はそのずばぬけた経営手腕と素晴らしい経営理念のため「経営の神様」と称賛された。今日，日本には松下幸之助に匹敵する経営者がいるのか。その答えは「いる」。すなわち京セラと KDDI の創業者である稲盛和夫である。本稿は，まず技術者，経営者，哲学者と三つの視点から稲盛和夫という人間を考察した。その上で，ヒトの心を中心とする経営，モノの真髄を追求する経営，カネの価値を高める経営と三つの視点から稲盛経営哲学とは何かについて考察した。後，国内外の学界・産業界の新しい動向に注目して稲盛経営哲学への展望を述べた。[Abstract] Several decades ago, Kounosuke Matsushita, the founder of Panasonic, was praised as “God of Business” for his unrivaled management skills and a wonderful management philosophy. Today, does Japan have a comparable top manager to Kounosuke Matsushita ? The answer is“Yes”. That is, Kazuo Inamori, the founder of Kyocera and KDDI. This paper first examined the human being, Kazuo Inamori, from the three viewpoints: engineer, manager and philosopher. And then, it considered what the Inamori Management Philosophy is from the three viewpoints of the management centered on human heart, the management pursuing the essence of goods, and the management raising the value of money. Finally, it described the prospects for the Inamori Management Philosophy, focusing on new trends in academia and industry both in Japan and abroad.

本研究では、吃音のある子どもへの保育者の支援や配慮について質問紙調査を実施し、保育施設24 施設の保育者のうち吃音のある子どもを担当したことがある保育者168 人からの回答をもとに実態を明らかにし、吃音のある子どもが自由に思いを表現できる保育環境を検討した。実態調査から、話し方の真似やからかいが幼児期から始まっていることが明らかになった。保育者の吃音のある子どもへの対応は、ポジティブな対応が多かった。一方で、保育者の担当時の子どもの年齢や経験年数に関係なく、ネガティブな対応も行われていた。調査結果から、クラスの子どもの吃音のある子どもへの対応に影響することを考え、吃音のある子どもへ配慮することの必要性が示された。また、吃音のある子どもへの保育者の支援の課題として、保育者の吃音のある子どもへの適切な対応、保護者との情報の共有・支援、専門機関の有効活用、小学校への接続が挙げられた。

В статье проанализирована логическая струк- тура функционально-семантического типа речи – размышления – в художественном тексте. Актуальность научного исследования обусловлена необходимостью философско-гуманитарной характеристики размышления. В статье исполь- зованы общенаучные методы – анализа и синтеза, лингвистические – описательный, структурный. Новизна научного исследования состоит в том, что впервые в украинском языкознании описана когнитивная матрица художественного размышления. Выводы. Когнитивная матрица размышления представлена рядом логических операций: актуализация сведений, детерминизм, аналогия, аксиоматичность, обобщение, идеализация, вероятность. Каждая логическая процеду- ра имеет свои особенности в лингвистическом выражении. Так, детерминизм как логическое понятие основывается на причинности явлений природы, соответственно, вербализируется прежде всего потчинительными предложениями при- чины. Лингвистическим проявлением аналогии является сравнение.In the article the lo- gical structure of the functional-semantic type of speech – consid- eration – is represented. The relevance of scientific research is determined by the need of philosophical and humanitarian co- mprehension (linguistic, communicative, cultural, cognitive, ps- ycholinguistic, anthropocentric aspects) of the functional-semantic type of speech – consideration.Inthe article as the main general sci- entific methods of analysis and synthesis are used, as well as linguistic – descriptive and structural. The novelty of scientific research is that in the Ukrainian linguistics for the first time a cognitive matrix of artistic reflection is proposed. We present the structural components of consideration: actualization of information,determinism, analogy, axiomaticity, generalization, idealization, probability. Each logical procedure has special linguistic expression. Conclusions. Lexemestoknow, tore- member, toforgetappear as a markers of actualization of in- formation. Determinism is based on the causality of the phenomena of nature, that’s why it is verbalized by subordinate clause of re- asons. With the help of analogy, we find qualitative and qu- antitative characteristics of the phenomena. Axiom as a ph- ilosophical reality in the artistic text is implemented by author's maxims, which are based on popular common sense, folk signs, folk curses. Postpositive generalization is based on deduction, prepositive – on induction. Idealization is an imaginary construct of concepts about objects that do not exist in reality, for which there are prototypes in the real world.In the national intellection God appears as an idealized object, on which all life affairs are relied on, with which people compare all their actions and th- oughts. Probability is realized primarily by syntactic constructions with dividing connectives, uncompromising sentences, parsed, subordinate clause with a homogeneous subscript.

本研究は，主張性を4要件（素直な表現，情動制御．他者配慮，主体性）から捉え，その4軸から主張性を測定する修正版尺度の改訂を試みるものである。本研究では，正版主張性の4要件尺度における「他者配慮」項目を改編することで．より理論的概念と一致した主張性尺度を作成し．信頼性，妥当性の検討を行う。大学生452名・（男性243名，女性204名）から，改編した尺度と青年用アサーション尺度，日本版Buss-Perry攻撃性質問紙(BAQ)の回答を得た。その結果，改編した尺度からも先行研究と同様の4因子が抽出された。改編した「他者配慮」項目は，青年用アサーション尺度とは正の相関が示され，BAQとは言語的攻撃以外すべての下位項目との相関が弱まった。以上から，改編によって主張性の概念により合致した尺度が作成されたと考えられる。

Human being is created to live in the community. Therefore he needs ways of interacting with other peers. Individuals communicate through both intentional and unintentional gestures they make, body language and facial expression. Nonverbal communication is the most developed form of communication, because it requires certain studies to understand and is deciphered in the same way by everyone. Register nonverbal is a colossal importance in human communication due to its considerable wealth and the speed with which convey ideas and emotions especially. Experts argue that the veracity of nonverbal communication surpassed the verbal communication, and that varies signifi cantly depending on the person or social group.

International audience; Comment défendre les Lumières aujourd’hui ? Leur idéal d’émancipation a-t-il encore un sens ? On ne saurait se borner à invoquer un esprit des Lumières immuable dans un contexte marqué par le réveil du nationalisme, les crises environnementales et sanitaires et l’augmentation des inégalités. Faire face au danger d’effondrement de notre civilisation sans renoncer à la rationalité philosophico-scientifique, mais en tenant compte de notre dépendance à l’égard de la nature et des autres vivants : telle est la démarche qui fonde ce livre. Pour combattre les anti-Lumières qui souhaitent rétablir une société hiérarchique ou théocratique et répondre aux accusations des postmodernes qui suspectent tout universalisme d’être hégémonique, il faut proposer de nouvelles Lumières. Celles-ci supposent de revisiter l’histoire des Lumières, mais aussi de lutter contre l’amputation de la raison qui a été réduite à un instrument de calcul et d’exploitation. L’objectif des Lumières à l’âge du vivant et de leur projet d’une société démocratique et écologique est bien de destituer le Schème de la domination - une domination des autres et de la nature à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de soi qui traduit un mépris du corps et de la vulnérabilité.

International audience

A pesquisa busca demonstrar que a concessão de descontos produz conflitos entre o Fisco e os contribuintes, despertando controvérsias especialmente no que diz respeito à tributação da receita por ele gerada. Para compreensão da natureza jurídica dos descontos, são investigadas as características dos contratos nos quais usualmente são previstos. A identificação dos critérios adotados pelas autoridades administrativas de julgamento e por aquelas encarregadas do lançamento tributário na determinação dos efeitos tributários de abatimentos no preço permite que se reconheçam as diferentes fontes de conflito envolvendo a tributação dos descontos, revelando aspectos juridicamente controvertidos desta prática a serem estudados a partir das normas e princípios que regem a tributação da receita. Por meio desta análise, se identificam os limites à tributação de descontos concedidos impostos pelos princípios da capacidade contributiva, da legalidade, da segurança jurídica, e pelo conceito de receita para fins tributários, com o objetivo de reunir argumentos que possam auxiliar no deslinde das controvérsias relativas à concessão de descontos no âmbito do direito tributário. The research seeks to demonstrate that the granting of discounts produces conflicts between tax authorities and taxpayers, giving rise to controversies especially with regard to the taxation of revenue. In order to better understand the legal nature of the discounts, the characteristics of the contracts in which they are usually provided for will be explored. The identification of the criteria adopted by the administrative courts and authorities in charge of tax assessment in determining the tax effects of price reductions allows the different sources of conflict involving the taxation of discounts to be recognized, revealing legally controversial aspects of this practice, which are studied through the rules and principles that guide the taxation of revenue. Through this analysis, it is possible to find the limits on the taxation of discounts granted imposed by the principles of ability to pay, legality, legal certainty, and by the concept of revenue for tax purposes, aiming to gather arguments that can assist in resolving tax disputes regarding the granting of discounts.

The Nice and the Good est un des romans « ouverts » de Murdoch (Conradi), qui privilégie les modes d’exposition à l’autre. Il le fait en recourant à l’hétérogénéité générique, en utilisant les conventions du thriller et en les mêlant à celles de la romance (comme le soulignent de nombreux critiques), en y ajoutant une part de romantisme comme instrument non seulement de sondage surnaturel mais aussi d’exploration éthique. Comme souvent dans la fiction de Murdoch, le récit aborde le conflit entre narcissisme et amour de l’autre, et ce dans une veine évidemment didactique (comme le montre le discours des personnages) et plus particulièrement en mettant en scène les relations entre les personnages réunis dans la succession d’Octavian Gray. Murdoch explore ce conflit éthique en mettant en scène des personnages « orectiques » (Nussbaum) radicalement attirés par l’autre et caractérisés par l’interdépendance, donc la vulnérabilité à l’autre. La recherche du bien repose également sur les pouvoirs de l’imagination, dont on déplore le manque et dont on encourage l’amélioration. C’est surtout par l’attention portée aux détails que le roman propose une éthique pratique. Celle-ci se manifeste négativement, lorsque le mal est assimilé à un manque de soins, et positivement, par l’évocation de l’attention des personnages aux détails du monde naturel et humain. Le roman favorise ainsi une qualité d’attention aux singularités (par opposition aux abstractions) qui définit notre expérience morale (Laugier) et qu’il exprime en termes d’exposition à l’autre (Lévinas), de considération de l’autre (Pelluchon, Massé) et de soin de l’autre (Laugier), renforçant ainsi les aspects relationnels et éthiques de l’attention. En définitive, le roman considère l’expérience esthétique et éthique comme entraînement perceptif à ce qui est moins visible et perceptible, et surtout, pour reprendre la définition de Simone Weil, comme la nécessité de « se concentrer [...] sur la distance entre ce que nous sommes et ce que nous aimons ». The Nice and the Good is one of Murdoch’s ‘open’ novels (Conradi), which privileges the ways of exposure to the other. This it does by resorting to generic heterogeneity, using the conventions of the thriller and mixing them up with those of romantic comedy (as underlined by many critics), adding to them a measure of romance as the instrument not only of supernatural probing but also as a means of ethical exploration. As often with Murdoch’s fiction, the narrative addresses the conflict between narcissism and love, and this it does through an obviously didactic vein (as evinced in the characters’ discourse) and more especially by staging the relations among the cast of characters gathered in Octavian Gray’s estate. Murdoch’s exploration of this ethical conflict is investigated by staging ‘orectic’ (Nussbaum) characters radically drawn to the other and characterized by interdependence, hence vulnerability to the other, one of the main acceptations of the good relying on the ‘virtue of acknowledged dependence on the other’ (McIntyre). The search for the good life is also predicated on the powers of the imagination, whose lack is deplored and whose improvement is encouraged. Above all, it is through attention to details that the novel’s proposal of a practical ethics is put forward. This is shown negatively, when evil is equated to a lack of care, and positively, through the evocation of the characters’ attention to details of the natural and human worlds. The novel thereby favours a quality of attention to singularities (as opposed to abstractions) that defines our moral experience (Laugier) and that it expresses in terms of exposure to the other (Levinas), consideration of the other (Pelluchon, Massé) and care for the other (Laugier), thereby boosting up the relation and ethical aspects of attention. Ultimately, the novel considers aesthetic and ethical experience as perceptual training to what is less visible and perceptible, and above all, to take up Simone Weil’s definition, as the need to ‘concentrate [...] on the distance between what we are and what we love.’

Constellation of CubeSats has potential to provide comparable or even greater capabilities than a single large satellite but with lower cost and higher robustness. To design such a CubeSat constellation entails solving large-scale multi-objective optimization problems, but the computation time is not reasonable with existing tools. One promising way to address this issue is probably the GPU computing.

Discusses MacDonald v Carnbroe Estates Ltd (SC), which clarified key elements of gratuitous alienation. Reviews the court's analysis of the defences to such alienation, specifically that of adequate consideration for a transfer of assets, and the comparable position for transactions at an undervalue in English law. Outlines the guidance on the remedies available, and the case's implications for purchasers of assets from distressed companies.

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Although orthodontic treatment is commonly indicated for young healthy individuals, recent trends showed an increase in number of older individuals undergoing orthodontic interventions. The increased age resulted in a proportionate increase in the prevalence of systemic diseases facing dentists during orthodontic procedures, especially diabetes mellitus. This necessitates that dentists should be aware of the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and its early signs particularly in teeth and oral cavity. It is also essential for them to understand the implications of diabetes on orthodontic treatment and the measures to be considered during managing those patients. In this review, we focused on the impact of diabetes mellitus on orthodontic treatment. We also summarized the data from previous studies that had explained the measures required to be taken into consideration during managing those patients. We included both human and animal studies to review in depth the pathophysiological mechanisms by which diabetes affects orthodontic treatment outcome. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the need to carefully identify early signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus in patients demanding orthodontic treatment and to understand the considerations to be adopted before and during treating these patients.

The purpose of this study was to compare, via a dominance analysis, two subjective and three objective indexes by using the standard deviation, critic and entropy methods in order to determine the dominant index. The methodologies used are based on the index theory and the dominance analysis in network theory. One of the subjective indexes turned out to be the dominant one, which uses basic services in resource dimension for a dignified life. This result, like others, is constrained by the inability of indexes (aggregates of two or more variables) to be subject to an order relation as the one established in the number line; for this reason they are empirical and only indicate certain regularity. The contribution here is the diversity of human development indexes used, which lead to combine statistical-mathematical techniques in order to compare them. Basic services prove to be a reasonable option for a dignified life in human development.

While research has successfully linked social media to separate customer metrics, an in-depth conceptual and empirical understanding of how social media affects the stages of the marketing funnel is currently lacking. We draw on extant theories of consumer information processing and source credibility to conceptually link and contrast the relationships between firm generated content (FGC) dimensions of neutral valence, positive valence and vividness, user generated content (UGC) dimensions of volume and valence and the marketing funnel stages of awareness, consideration, purchase intent and satisfaction. Using daily aggregate brand-level data for 19 brands across seven industries, our analysis shows that UGC dimensions have a stronger relationship with awareness and satisfaction while FGC dimensions are more effective for consideration and purchase intent. Specifically, we observe that FGC vividness has the strongest relationship with consideration and purchase intent, while UGC valence dominates UGC volume for these stages. Our results also show that brands with higher corporate reputation have stronger relationships between dimensions of FGC and the marketing funnel stages. Findings by consumption category show that UGC and FGC dimensions have larger positive relationships with awareness for durables and non-durables, and with consideration, purchase intent, and satisfaction for services. Thus, overall, our study offers critical managerial insights into social media marketing regarding how to leverage both FGC and UGC in managing the marketing funnel and brand reputation. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Background: With interest in personalised health care growing, so is interest in personal genetic testing. This is now offered direct-to-consumer, thereby referred to as direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT). Criticisms have been expressed on whether a truly informed decision to undergo testing is made with regard to these services. In order to provide relevant information to achieve this, knowing the characteristics of the expected user population is helpful. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify characteristics of individuals who (1) find the concept of DTC-GT acceptable and (2) consider undergoing DTC-GT in the distant or near future. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated factors associated with acceptability, consideration and intention in the Dutch general population. Studied variables included awareness, principles and how-to knowledge, attitude, innovativeness, and multiple demographic characteristics. Generalised linear models were applied to identify associated variables. Results: Full data was obtained for 836 respondents. Of those, 18.3% found DTC-GT somewhat or totally acceptable, whereas 12.6% considered and 5.5% intended to undergo DTC-GT in the distant or near future. Acceptability was greater with lower principles knowledge, and consideration and intention with lower how-to knowledge. A more positive attitude and greater innovativeness were associated with an increase in all 3 outcomes. Conclusion: Informed decision making may be hampered as individuals with lower how-to knowledge were found to be more interested in pursuing testing. The identified characteristics can be used in development and distribution of public and personalized information, in order to help consumers make a truly informed decision.

This study proposes conceptualizing the idea of opinable as a vector of convergence for the idea of opinion, for the idea of opinion, for the idea of consideration, for the idea of faith (in the main sense of consideration) and for the idea of appreciation. The founder's historical background is revealed in what Xenophan, Parmenide, Protagoras, Plato and Aristotle call doxa (opinion).

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of improving the attitude of dental students toward the use of a full-body patient simulation system (SIMROID) compared to the traditional mannequin (CLINSIM) for dental clinical education. Materials and methods: The participants were 10 male undergraduate dental students who had finished clinical training in the university hospital 1 year before this study started. They performed a crown preparation on an upper premolar tooth using SIMROID and CLINSIM as the practical clinical trials. The elapsed time for preparation was recorded. The taper of the abutment teeth was measured using a 3-dimensional shape-measuring device after this trial. In addition, a self-reported questionnaire was collected that included physical pain, treatment safety, and maintaining a clean area for each simulator. Qualitative data analysis of a free format report about SIMROID was performed using text-mining analysis. This trial was performed twice at 1-month intervals. Results: The students considered physical pain, treatment safety, and a clean area for SIMROID significantly better than that for CLINSIM (P < 0.01). The elapsed time of preparation in the second practical clinical trial was significantly lower than in the first for SIMROID and CLINSIM (P < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences between the abutment tapers for both systems. For the text-mining analysis, most of the students wrote that SIMROID was similar to real patients. Conclusion: The use of SIMROID was proven to be effective in improving the attitude of students toward patients, thereby giving importance to considerations for actual patients during dental treatment.

Resources of mathematical logic are analyzed in the article from the point of view of psychological development of human being. The article deals with the development perspectives of mathematical logic on the basis of the mentalitx activities.

This study intended to devise a method of teaching science to encourage students to reconsider and refi ne the consideration with argumentation in lower secondary school students and to verify the effect of this method through teaching practice. In order to achieve it, a method of teaching was devised to aim refining the consideration based on the argumentation with viewpoint of fallacy. Then a lesson about “force and pressure” was conducted at a class of 40 first-grade lower secondary school students in order to verify the effect of the teaching method. The results clarified that the devised teaching method contributed to encourage students to reconsider and refi ne with the viewpoint of fallacy with respect to the students that derived the consideration from the elements such as “data” “argument.”

TEZ11983 Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2019. Kaynakça (s. 73-80) var. xii, 84 s. : res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ; 29 cm. Liderlik örgütsel davranış alanının üzerinde en çok çalışılan konularından biridir. Her geçen gün de yeni içerikler eklenerek yeni kavramlarla ifade edilerek incelenmeye devam edilmektedir. Liderlik her alanı ilgilendiren bir konu olarak insanların işbirliği yaptığı ortamlarda istenen hedeflere varmakta önemli bir araç durumundadır. Beden eğitimi ve spor yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin ilerde bir beden eğitimi öğretmeni, bir spor yöneticisi ya da bir antrenör olacağını düşünürsek, bu meslekler belirli bir gruba ya da topluluğa öncülük edecek meslek grupları içerisinde yer almakta olup liderlik özelliklerinin önem taşıdığı meslek gruplarıdır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada öğrencilerin liderlik davranışları incelenmiştir. Betimsel ve nicel olarak tasarlanan bu çalışmanın örneklemini; Çukurova Üniversitesi BESYO Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenliği, Antrenörlük ve Spor Yöneticiliği Bölümü öğrencilerinden gönüllü 293 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve Hemphill ve Coons tarafından geliştirilen ve Halpin ve Winer tarafından düzenlenen ve ilk kez Önal tarafından Türkçe’ye çevrilen “Liderlik Davranışı Tanımlama Ölçeği”(LBDQ) ile elde edilmiştir. Yapıyı kurma boyutunda veriler normal dağılım göstermediğinden istatistiki analizlerde; ikili karşılaştırmalarda Mann Whitney-U ve ikiden fazla karşılaştırmalarda Kruskal Wallis-H testleri kullanılmıştır. Anlayış gösterme boyutunda ise veriler normal dağılım gösterdiğinden istatistiki analizlerde ikili karşılaştırmalarda T-testi ve ikiden fazla karşılaştırmalar için ise tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada öğrencilerin liderlik özellikleri anlayış gösterme ve yapıyı kurma adı altında iki boyut açısından cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, öğrenim görülen bölüm, not ortalaması, aktif spor yaşantısı, barınma durumu ve ailenin gelir düzeyi değişkenlerine göre incelenmiştir. Cinsiyet değişkeni açısından anlayış gösterme boyutunda anlamlı bir fark saptanmazken, yapıyı kurma boyutunda kadınlar lehine istatistiki açıdan anlamlı farklılık belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin öğrenim gördükleri bölümlere göre ise; beden eğitimi öğretmenliği bölümünde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin liderlik özelliklerinin diğer bölümlerdeki öğrencilerden daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Aktif spor yaşantısına bakıldığında, anlayış gösterme boyutuna göre lisanslı spor yapan öğrenciler lehine anlamlı farklılık belirlenmiştir. Barınma durumları incelendiğinde her iki boyutta da ailesi ile beraber yaşayan öğrenciler lehine anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin ailelerinin gelir durumu incelendiğinde ise gelir seviyesi yüksek olan öğrenciler lehine yapıyı kurma boyunda anlamlı farklılık görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin sınıf düzeylerine ve akademik başarılarına göre ise her iki boyutta da anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, elde ettiğimiz bulgular doğrultusunda öğrencilerin her iki boyutta da liderlik davranışlarını sergiledikleri, ve lisanslı spor yapan öğrencilerin daha sosyal oldukları ifade edilebilir. Beden eğitimi ve spor yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin liderlik özelliklerinin aktif olarak yaptıkları spor branşlarına göre karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi ilerdeki çalışmalar için önerilebilir. Leadership is one of the most studied topics in the field of organizational behavior. Adding new contents day by day, it is continued to be examined by expressing with new concepts. Leadership is an important issue in every field and it is an important tool in reaching the desired goals in the environments where people cooperate. Assuming that Physical Education and Sports Collage Students will be a physical education teacher, a sports manager or a trainer in the future, while these professions are included in profession groups that lead to a specific group or community and also these are profession groups that leadership characteristics are important. Therefore, in this study, leadership behaviors of students were investigated. The aim of this study was to examine leadership traits as one of the keys to success in working life in the context of Physical Education and Sports Collage students. The sample of this research which is designed as descriptive and quantitative is composed of 293 volunteer students selected through easy sampling method from Department of Physical Education, Coaching and Sports Management Department at Çukurova University. The data of this research and were gathered through personal data form and Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ) which was constructed by Hemphill and Coons, developed by Halpin and Winer and adapted to Turkish by Önal. Since the data of initiation structure dimension did not have a normal distribution, in statistical analysis Mann Whitney U test was used in Pairwise Comparison, while the Kruskall Wallis was used in comparing more than two. As the data of consideration dimension had a normal distribution, in statistical analysis T- test was used in Pairwise Comparison, while one-side variance analysis (ANOVA) was used in comparing more than two. In this study, leadership traits of the students were examined according to gender, academic achievement, education level, class level, active sports life status, accomodation status and family income level in terms of consideration and initiating structure dimensions. While there was no significant difference in terms of consideration dimension according to gender variable, significant difference was found in favor of women in initiating structure dimension. According to the departments that students study; it was determined that the leadership traits of the students studying in the physical education department were higher than the students in the other departments. As the status of active sports life was examined, significant differences were found in favor of the students doing licensed sports in terms of consideration dimension. When accomodation status were examined, a significant difference was found in favor of the students living with their families in both dimensions. As income status of the students' families were examined, a significant difference was observed in initiating structure in favor of the students with high income level. There was no significant difference in both dimensions according to the students' class levels and academic achievement. As a result, according to our findings, it can be stated that students exhibit leadership traits in both dimensions and students who are licensed athletes are more social. A comparative analysis of physical education and sports collage students' leadership traits according to the sports branches they actively perform may be recommended for future studies.

Background: An odontectomy constitutes a common surgical procedure performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons on a daily basis. The anesthesia procedure required during this form of operation may involve the administering of a general anesthesia which, while a safe procedure when performed by an anesthesiologist, still involves an element of risk and should only be undertaken with appropriate safeguards. Various measures, not only anxiety control-based, are suggested in this article. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report considerations factors, other than anxiety, as indications in performing odontectomy conducted under a general anesthesia at Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Cases: Four cases of patients who had undergone an odontectomy under a general anesthetic are reported here. Case management: The four cases of management involved odontectomies conducted under a general anesthetic for a variety of reasons with contrasting outcomes. The treatment of the four patients was based on an anatomical approach and previously ineffective pain control due to greater trauma. One of the patients also suffered from schizophrenia that produced comorbidity requiring holistic observation. This individual required intricate surgery whose performance was challenging under a local anesthetic. None of our other patients suffered from serious complications related either to surgery or the administering of a general anesthetic. Conclusion: In conclusion, important factors relating to an odontectomy performed under a general anesthetic on four patients in Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya included: anxiety, anatomical approach, adequate pain control, comorbidity of systemic medical conditions and the potential need for surgical procedures difficult to perform under a local anesthetic.

Freud defines the act of teaching as an impossible profession (like governing and caring) because for him, " we can be sure of an unsuccessful success ". What is the common point between these three specialties, if not the importance of the relationship to the other one? However, an examination of the school system and the concerns that animate the education community attest to a strong ascendancy of disciplinary and didactical aspects. Nevertheless, the memories left by the teachers to the students are more conditioned by the communicative relationship they have established together. The study of this point of view and the search for significant elements to accredit its functionality was carried out using a cross-methodology, quantitative and qualitative, summoning questionnaires for students, tests of empathy and tests. Assertiveness to teachers, films in teaching situations analyzed from both a thematic and quantitative point of view, as well as semi-structured interviews with the actors. In the end, this work shows that the memory trace left to the students is conditioned by a "socio-conative assertiveness curriculum" whose own dynamics are able to contribute to the initial and continuous training of teachers.; Freud définit l’acte d’enseigner comme un métier impossible (à l’instar de gouverner et soigner) car pour lui, « on peut d’emblée être sûr d’un succès insuffisant ». Quel point commun entre ces trois spécialités si ce n’est l’importance du rapport à l’autre ? Or, un examen du système scolaire et des préoccupations qui animent le milieu de l’éducation atteste d’une forte prédominance des aspects disciplinaires, didactiques. Pourtant, les souvenirs laissés par les enseignants auprès des élèves sont davantage conditionnés par la relation communicationnelle qu’ils ont établie ensemble. L’étude de ce point de vue et la recherche d’éléments signifiants venant accréditer sa fonctionnalité a été réalisée au moyen d’une méthodologie croisée, quantitative et qualitative, convoquant des questionnaires à destination des élèves, des tests d’empathie et des tests d’assertivité auprès des professeurs, des films en situation d’enseignement analysés tant d’un point de vue thématique que quantitatif, ainsi que des entretiens semi-directifs avec les acteurs. Au final, ce travail atteste que la trace mnésique laissée aux élèves est conditionnée par un « curriculum d’assertivité socio-conative » dont la dynamique propre est à même de contribuer à la formation initiale et continue des enseignants.

RESUMEN: Las informaciones periodísticas sobre litigios pendientes parecen estar amparadas doblemente: por el principio de publicidad de las actuaciones judiciales y por la libertad/derecho a la información. En materia procesal, ambos parecieran referirse al mismo objeto, e incluso ser coincidentes. Pero la distinción y tratamiento diferenciado de ambos derechos sigue siendo relevante y necesario, pues uno busca proteger la integridad del proceso, mientras el otro busca contribuir a la formación de la opinión pública sobre asuntos de interés general, lo que traerá diferentes consecuencias. Asimismo, será relevante a la hora de restringir o reglamentar, ponderar desde una u otra perspectiva ABSTRACT: News reports on pending litigation seem to be protected in two ways: by the principle of public judicial proceedings, and by freedom of/right to information. In procedural matters, both appear to refer to the same object, and even to be coincident. But the distinction and differential treatment of both rights remains relevant and necessary, since one seeks to protect the integrity of the process, while the other seeks to contribute to the formation of public opinion on matters of general interest. Also, it is relevant when it becomes necessary to restrict or regulate practical situations, performing the analysis from one perspective or the other.