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Background: Gonadal steroid hormones have been suggested as the underlying mechanism responsible for the sexual dimorphism observed in metabolic diseases. Animal studies have also evidenced a causal role of the gut microbiome and metabolic health. However, the role of sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiota and the potential role of the microbiome in influencing sex steroid hormones and shaping sexually dimorphic susceptibility to disease have been largely overlooked. Although there is some evidence of sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and functionality, the results are inconsistent. Importantly, most of these studies have not taken into account the gonadal steroid status. Therefore, we investigated the gut microbiome composition and functionality in relation to sex, menopausal status, and circulating sex steroids. Results: No significant differences were found in alpha diversity indices among pre- and post-menopausal women and men, but beta diversity differed among groups. The gut microbiota from post-menopausal women was more similar to men than to pre-menopausal women. Metagenome functional analyses revealed no significant differences between post-menopausal women and men. Gonadal steroids were specifically associated with these differences. Hence, the gut microbiota of pre-menopausal women was more enriched in genes from the steroid biosynthesis and degradation pathways, with the former having the strongest fold change among all associated pathways. Microbial steroid pathways also had significant associations with the plasma levels of testosterone and progesterone. In addition, a specific microbiome signature was able to predict the circulating testosterone levels at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. In addition, this microbiome signature could be transmitted from humans to antibiotic-induced microbiome-depleted male mice, being able to predict donor's testosterone levels 4 weeks later, implying that the microbiota profile of the recipient mouse was influenced by the donor's gender. Finally, obesity eliminated most of the differences observed among non-obese pre-menopausal women, post-menopausal women, and men in the gut microbiota composition (Bray-Curtis and weighted unifrac beta diversity), functionality, and the gonadal steroid status. Conclusions The present findings evidence clear differences in the gut microbial composition and functionality between men and women, which is eliminated by both menopausal and obesity status. We also reveal a tight link between the gut microbiota composition and the circulating levels of gonadal steroids, particularly testosterone.

Las disrafias anteriores, en particular onfalocele puede asociarse con otras malformaciones, que deriven o no de la misma hoja embrionaria (del embrión trilaminar), entre ellas y a propósito de un caso presentamos nuestro trabajo de onfalocele asociado a queilonatopalatosquisis. Se realizó la observación y disección de preparados fetales formalizados al 10 % de la cátedra “A” de Anatomía de la Facultad de Ciencias Medicas de La Plata, y del servicio de Patología del Hospital Gutiérrez de La Plata (n =41)., Facultad de Ciencias Médicas

During the TopoIberia experiment, a total of 26 seismic broadband stations were recording in northern Morocco, providing for the first time extended regional coverage for investigating structure and seismotectonics of the southern branch of the Betic-Rif arc, its foreland, and the Atlas domain. Here, we analyze P-to-S converted waves in teleseismic receiver functions to infer gross crustal properties as thickness and Vp/Vs ratio. Strong lateral variations of the crustal thickness are observed throughout the region. Crustal thicknesses vary between 22 and 44 km and display a simple geographic pattern that divides the study area into three domains: entire northwestern Morocco underlain by a thickened crust with crustal thicknesses between 35 and 44 km; northeastern Morocco affected by significant crustal thinning, with crustal thicknesses ranging from 22 to 30 km, with the shallowest Moho along the Mediterranean coast; and an extended domain of 27–34 km thick crust, farther south which includes the Atlas domain and its foreland regions. Vp/Vs ratios show normal values of 1.75 for most stations except for the Atlas domain, where several stations give low Vp/Vs ratios of around 1.71. The very sharp transition from thick crust in northwestern Morocco to thin crust in northeastern Morocco is attributed to regional geodynamics, possibly the realm of present-day subcrustal dynamics in the final stage of western Mediterranean subduction. Crustal thicknesses just slightly above 30 km in the southern domain are intriguing, showing that high topography in this region is not isostatically compensated at crustal level., Instituto Andaluz de Geofísica, Universidad de Granada, España, Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, España, Departamento de Geofisica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, Programa de Pós-graduacão em Geodinâmica e Geofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra Jaume Almera, España, Real Observatorio de La Armada, España, Departamento de Geofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España, Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, España, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, España, Institut Scientifique, Université Mohammed V, Marruecos, Departamento de Geodinámica, Universidad de Granada, España

El ser humano durante el 95-99% del tiempo de su existencia en la Tierra ha vivido como cazador-recolector y ha debido resistir los frecuentes períodos de carencia de alimentos. Este hecho produjo, a través de un proceso de selección, el progresivo predominio en el genoma humano de aquellos «genes ahorradores» que favorecían el depósito de energía y permitían que estos individuos tuvieran una mayor supervivencia y alcanzaran la edad de la reproducción., Introducción 06, 1. Generalidades 12, 2. Marcos de referencia 16, 3. Desarrollo central del tema 42, 4. Análisis 70, 5. Conclusiones 72, Pregrado, Profesional en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo

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Potential geological hazard assessment has been carried out in the area where the Prestige vessel was sunk using a broad database that comprises: multibeam, high and ultra-high resolution seismic profiles, gravity cores, onland seismicity stations and Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS). The main results of this study indicate that among the geologic factors that can be considered as potential hazards, four main categories can be differentiated based on their origin: morphologic, sedimentary, tectonic, and seismicity. Hazards of morphologic origin include steep gradients; the morphologic features suggest the occurrence of mass-wasting instabilities. Hazards of sedimentary origin also includes the occurrence of slope instability processes in form of single slides and a great variety of erosive and depositional gravity flows (debris and turbidity flows). Hazards of tectonic and seismic origin are important because the sinking area straddles the Calida Bank which is a structural seamount with a moderate tectonic activity that results in a latent seismicity of low to moderate magnitude. The interaction of these factors leads to consider to the risk as medium, and the degree of exposure of the bow and stern as high. Several general and specific recommendations are made in order to increase the geological and geophysics knowledgement in the Prestige sinking area and Spanish continental margins and deep sea areas. These recommendations also should be used to elaborate the options for reducing the hazard and loss.

A silice of granulites has been interpreted from deep seismic sounding data at a depth of 8 km in eastern Galicia (NW Spain). This leads to the definition of the sole Hercynian thrust and two different crustal wedges that result from the asymmetrical shortening of the continental crust, Se ha interpretado una sílice de granulitas a partir de datos de un sondeo sísmico a una profundidad de 8 km al este de Galicia (NO de España). Esto nos lleva a la definición de la huella del cabalgamiento Herciniano, y dos cuñas de corteza diferentes que resultan del acortamiento asimétrico de la corteza continental.

El presente trabajo fué iniciado originalmente como una curiosidad de laboratorio. La síntesis y propiedades investigadas posteriormente surgieron a medida que avanzaba el trabajo. Una búsqueda completaen el Chemical Abstracts desde el año 1907 hasta el presente, nos ha llevado a encontrar solo unas 8 citas bibliográficas, algunas de ellas no dirigidas específicamente a nuestro compuesto, sino en forma muygeneral al estudio de los tiazoles. (Véase revisión bibliográfica).

There is renewed interest in studying the active and complex northeastern Caribbean plate boundary to better understand subduction zone processes and for earthquake and tsunami hazard assessments [e.g., ten Brink and Lin, 2004; ten Brink et al., 2004; Grindlay et al, 2005]. To study the active tectonics of this plate boundary, the GEOPRICO-DO (Geological, Puerto Rico-Dominican) marine geophysical cruise, carried out between 28 March and 17 April 2005 (Figure 1), studied the active tectonics of this plate boundary. Initial findings from the cruise have revealed a large underwater landslide, and active faults on the seafloor (Figures 2a and 2c). These findings indicate that the islands within this region face a high risk from tsunami hazards, and that local governments should be alerted in order to develop and coordinate possible mitigation strategies. The cruise collected multibeam bathymetry, gravity, magnetic, high-resolution seismic, deep seismic sounding, and multichannel seismic reflection data, which are currently being processed and interpreted (Table 1). In early November 2005, 10 ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) that had been deployed northeast of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Figure 1) during the cruise were recovered. These OBS recorded data during the cruise and the local seismicity between April and October 2005.

19 pages, 13 figures, The Gulf of Cadiz, located at the southwestern Iberian margin, is characterized by widespread seismicity, compressional and strike-slip fault plane solutions and by a large, elongated positive free-air gravity anomaly, the Gulf of Cadiz Gravity High (GCGH). Multichannel seismic profiles across and along GCGH, together with bathymetric and gravity data, allow us to study in detail the tectonic architecture and crustal structure of the Gulf of Cadiz. The upper shelf and slope of the Gulf of Cadiz includes the main structural domains of the Betic fold and thrust belt. In the middle part of the Gulf, the Paleozoic basement crops out on the shallow Guadalquivir Bank and is associated with the largest signature of the GCGH, whereas toward the outer part of the Gulf, the basement deepens progressively. A large NW-SE normal fault and conjugate NE-SW faults define a prominent basement high associated with the GCGH. Modeling of the GCGH suggests localized crustal thinning of 10 km along the central part of the Gulf of Cadiz, probably generated during the Mesozoic rifting episode between the Iberian and African plates. Concentric wedges of fold and thrust belts and large allochthonous masses were emplaced in the Gulf of Cadiz during the Neogene compressional phase. The final emplacement of these units becomes progressively young from the SE (pre-early Langhian) toward the foreland in the NW (late Tortonian). Seafloor surface ruptures, pockmarks, and submarine landslides provide evidence of active faulting in the Gulf of Cadiz. To accommodate the present-day convergence between the African and Eurasian plates, previously extensional faults have probably been reactivated and inverted at depth, as suggested by the intermediate depth seismicity, The authors are grateful for funding from the European Commission project BIGSETS (ENV4-CT97-0547), Spanish national projects MAIAE (MAR98-0962), SENSUAL (REN2000-1016-C02-MAR), MARSIBAL (REN2001-3868-C02-MAR) Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca - Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura and Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (to E. Gràcia), and NATO grant EST.CLG.978922 (to J. Vergés)