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Additional file 2. Table 1 List of significantly altered proteins in old mice muscle compared to young mice control. Table 2 List of significantly altered proteins in LNX-fed old mice muscle compared to old mice control. Table 3 List of GO-analyzed proteins identified commonly in old versus LNX (100 mpk)-fed old mice muscle. Top-ten ranked GO groups in number were listed according to (A) biological process, (B) molecular function, and (C) cellular function.

Additional file 1. Figure 1 Isolation and enrichment of ethanol-extracted LNX. (A) UV chromatogram of ethanol-extracted LNX and yields of main lignan compounds from LNX. Mean±St Dev. Standard deviation was calculated by triplicate experiments. (B) Chemical structures of main lignan compounds from LNX. Analysis condition: equipment, Agilent 1200 series HPLC system; mobile phase, acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid (4:6); stationary phase, Waters C18 column (5 μm pore size, 25 cm in length); detection wavelength, 234 nm; flow rate, 1.5 ml/min. Figure 2 Dissection and microscopic images of skeletal muscles of LNX-fed mice. (A) Images of skeletal muscles. Left and right panel on each picture indicates fore and hind limb, respectively. Scale bar is 1 cm. (B) H&E staining of cross sections from gastrocnemius muscle and tibialis anterior. Abbreviations: mfb, microfibrils; mf, microfiber; pm, perimysium. Arrows indicate nuclei staining. Scale bar = 20 μm. Figure 3 Anatomical changes of livers in (A) young, (B) LNX (100 mpk) and (C) creatine (120 mpk)-fed old mice. Scale bar = 1 cm. Figure 4 Box plots of all proteome quantitates from four groups: young, old, LNX-fed old mice. Doses of LNX applied to old mice were 10, 30, and 100 mpk. Proteomic sample source was soleus muscle from each group. Figure 5 Heat map analysis of mouse soleus muscle proteomes. Significantly altered 16 proteins in LNX-fed old vs. old mice soleus muscles. Red and blue color intensity means the degree of up- and down-regulation, respectively.

Additional file 1: Fig S1. Microscope images of GOx/FCA/PEG-modified SWCNT electrode. Fig S2. SEM images of SWCNT patterns on PET plastic substrate treated by O2 plasma etching. Table S1. Comparison of analytical performances with other reported methods.

Tomorrow's massive-scale IoT sensor networks are poised to drive uplink traffic demand, especially in areas of dense deployment. To meet this demand, however, network designers leverage tools that often require accurate estimates of Channel State Information (CSI), which incurs a high overhead and thus reduces network throughput. Furthermore, the overhead generally scales with the number of clients, and so is of special concern in such massive IoT sensor networks. While prior work has used transmissions over one frequency band to predict the channel of another frequency band on the same link, this paper takes the next step in the effort to reduce CSI overhead: predict the CSI of a nearby but distinct link. We propose Cross-Link Channel Prediction (CLCP), a technique that leverages multi-view representation learning to predict the channel response of a large number of users, thereby reducing channel estimation overhead further than previously possible. CLCP's design is highly practical, exploiting channel estimates obtained from existing transmissions instead of dedicated channel sounding or extra pilot signals. We have implemented CLCP for two different Wi-Fi versions, namely 802.11n and 802.11ax, the latter being the leading candidate for future IoT networks. We evaluate CLCP in two large-scale indoor scenarios involving both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight transmissions with up to 144 different 802.11ax users. Moreover, we measure its performance with four different channel bandwidths, from 20 MHz up to 160 MHz. Our results show that CLCP provides a 2x throughput gain over baseline 802.11ax and a 30 percent throughput gain over existing cross-band prediction algorithms., 13 pages, 12 figures

Mobile operators are poised to leverage millimeter wave technology as 5G evolves, but despite efforts to bolster their reliability indoors and outdoors, mmWave links remain vulnerable to blockage by walls, people, and obstacles. Further, there is significant interest in bringing outdoor mmWave coverage indoors, which for similar reasons remains challenging today. This paper presents the design, hardware implementation, and experimental evaluation of mmWall, the first electronically almost-360 degree steerable metamaterial surface that operates above 24 GHz and both refracts or reflects incoming mmWave transmissions. Our metamaterial design consists of arrays of varactor-split ring resonator unit cells, miniaturized for mmWave. Custom control circuitry drives each resonator, overcoming coupling challenges that arise at scale. Leveraging beam steering algorithms, we integrate mmWall into the link layer discovery protocols of common mmWave networks. We have fabricated a 10 cm by 20 cm mmWall prototype consisting of a 28 by 76 unit cell array, and evaluate in indoor, outdoor-to-indoor, and multi-beam scenarios. Indoors, mmWall guarantees 91% of locations outage-free under 128-QAM mmWave data rates and boosts SNR by up to 15 dB. Outdoors, mmWall reduces the probability of complete link failure by a ratio of up to 40% under 0-80% path blockage and boosts SNR by up to 30 dB., 18 pages, 18 figures

Statistics of article page views is useful for measuring the impact of individual articles. Analyzing the temporal evolution of article page views, we find that article page views usually decay over time after reaching a peak, especially exhibiting relaxation with nonexponentiality. This finding suggests that relaxation in article page views resembles physical aging as frequently found in complex systems., 3 pages with 1 figure

It is a generally accepted result that the inclusion of rubber particles causes the concrete to degrade physical properties of the concrete. In this study the crumb rubber was partially oxidized and used as additives of mortars. Dramatically, the compressive strength of the rubberized mortars (with 6 wt.%) was greater than that of mortars without the crumb rubber. To understand these phenomena, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to explore the functional groups on surfaces of the crumb rubber, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to observe microstructures of mortars. With the partial oxidation treatment, rubber surfaces produced hydrophilic functional groups as indicated by IR spectra and the hydration of the cement near the crumb rubber was enhanced as shown by SEM, leading to stronger mortars.

A series of models using cellular automata (CA) are created to examine the influences on the phenomenon of solute aggregation. The models used the variations in hydropathic states of the solutes to produce changes in the clustering patterns. It was found that an increase in the hydrophobic character of the solute molecules led to greater aggregation. The effect of concentration of solutes was also modeled. These preliminary models of solute aggregation serve as the basis for subsequent models relative to both biological receptor interactions, and the fate and transport of environmental contaminants of interest.

A cellular automata (CA) model of liquid water has been used to study self-diffusion and the diffusion of a solute. The influences of temperature and solute hydropathic state are modeled as variables in this process. The self-diffusion model correlates very well with earlier experimental data. The diffusion of a solute experiences variation with temperature and its hydropathic states. These influences are found to relate to models of free hydroxy groups and the average cavity cluster size in bulk water. These preliminary models serve as the basis for modeling solute diffusion for specific contaminants of interest (such as heavy metals like uranium) in a water system, and addressing its migration patterns with water relative to temperature.

A series of cellular-automata (CA) models have been created, simulating relationships between water (or aqueous solutions) and solid surfaces of differing hydropathic (i.e., hydrophilic or hydrophobic) nature. Both equilibrium- and dynamic-flow models were examined, employing simple breaking and joining rules to simulate the hydropathic interactions. The CA simulations show that water accumulates near hydrophilic surfaces and avoids hydrophobic surfaces, forming concave-up and concave-down meniscuses, resp., under equilibrium conditions. In the dynamic-flow simulations, the flow rate of water was found to increase past a wall surface as the surface became less hydrophilic, reaching a maximum rate when the solid surface was of intermediate hydropathic state, and then declining with further increase in the hydrophobicity of the surface. Solution simulations show that non-polar solutes tend to achieve higher concentrations near hydrophobic-wall surfaces, whereas other hydrophobic/hydrophilic combinations of solutes and surfaces do not show such accumulations. Physical interpretations of the results are presented, as are some possible biological consequences.

In the summer of 1982, we experienced a great number of patients with Japanese encephalitis compared with the previous years. We have studied 85 adult cases of Japanese encephalitis which were diagnosed clinically and/or serologically. A difference between improved and expired cases was also investigated. We found that deteriorated mental state, elevated SGOT (AST) level, lower hemagglutination-inhibition(H-I) titer, and a more acute onset of the illness were associated with higher mortality. The mortality rate in our cases was 35.3 percent.