Search

19. yüzyıl Osmanlı tarihinde her alanda köklü değişim ve dönüşümlerin yaşandığı bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde “nizam” kökünden türeyen Tanzimat’ın anlamına uygun şekilde hayata geçirilen pek çok kanuni düzenlemeden biri, Ticaret Hukuku sahasında Fransız Ticaret Kanunu’ndan tercüme edilen 1850 tarihli Ticaret Kanunnamesi olmuştur. Ardından yaklaşık 20 yıl sonra bu defa Medeni Hukuk ve Borçlar Hukuku alanlarında İslam hukukunun kodifikasyonuyla Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliyye ilan edilmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak benzer ilişki türlerini düzenleyen söz konusu yeni kanunları uygulamak üzere adli teşkilatta da değişikliklere gidilmiş ve mevcut yargı kuruluşlarının yanına ticaret ve nizamiye mahkemeleri gibi yeni mahkemeler teşkil edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda ilk olarak dönemin ticari ilişkilerini düzenleyen kanunlaştırma faaliyetleri ve adli teşkilatlanma hakkında kurumsal iktisat nosyonu gözetilerek kısaca bilgi verilmiştir. Daha sonra Ceride-i Mehâkim’de yer alan mahkeme kayıtları vasıtasıyla söz konusu hukuki ve adli değişimin iktisadi ve ticari ilişkilere etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çerçevede mahkeme kayıtlarından elde edilen bilgilerin tasnifi ile hangi tür iktisadi ilişkilerin (ticari ve finansal) kimler arasında gerçekleştirildiği, bu kimselerin çeşitli kimlikleri (dini, mesleki, bölgesel gibi) bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca ulaşılan ticari ilişki ağları sayesinde iktisadi ilişkilerde cemaatçi toplum yapısının varlığı ve hangi toplumsal kimlikte kendisini gösterdiği tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

In this study, 100 Candida specimens that isolated from different sources which apply to the Faculty of Medicine University of Gaziantep of Bacteriology Laboratory between 25.l l .1994-31.07.1995 were identi:fied. Specimens were identified by means of microscopic examination and carbonhydrate fermentation and ürease test and germ tüh assay. Results were 80 percent (80 %) C.albicans, 8 percent (8 %), C.Torulopsis glabrata, 6 percent (6 %) C.pseudotropicalis, 3 percent (3 %) C.guillermondii, 2 percent (2 %) C.parapsilosis, 1 percent (1 %) C.stellatoidea.

This study aims to analyze the effects of temperature and precipitation on tree-ring growth in the lower and upper growing borders of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. subsp. hamata), Caucasian Fir (Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp. nordmanniana) and Oriental Spruce (Picea orientalis L.carr.) in the Karçal Mountains (Artvin). This area hosts the first and pioneering biosphere reserve area of Türkiye in terms of biodiversity. This area is also one of the rare areas in Türkiye where Scots pine Fir and Spruce trees coexist. For dendrochronological analysis, 2 core samples were taken from each of the 15 trees using an increment borer from the lower and upper growth limits of Fir, scotch pine and Spruce. Tree-ring series are standardized. To reveal the statistical relationships between tree-ring growth and temperature and precipitation, Response functions were calculated separately for each site chronology. The rainy month of September has a positive effect on the tree-ring growth of Spruce. In the study area, a generally positive relationship was determined between July precipitation and the tree-ring growth for the lower and upper growing limits of Scots pine. In the study area, the precipitations of April and October affect the tree ring negatively for all regional chronologies, and May and June precipitation positively. The average temperatures between October of the previous year and May-June of the current year were negative; The positive relationship between the average temperatures of February, March and July and the growth of the ring predominates.

Amaç: Bruksizm ile ilgili bilgi kaynağı olarak YouTube™ videolarının içeriğinin ve kalitelerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: YouTube™ videolarında “diş sıkma, bruksizm” kelimeleri ile Türkçe videolarda arama yapıldı ve ilk sırada yer alan videoların URL’leri kaydedilerek iki araştırmacı tarafından tüm videolar incelendi. Videolara ait tanımlayıcı istatistikler kaydedildi ve verilerin minimum, maksimum, ortalama, standart sapması hesaplandı. Elde edilen değerler, istatistiksel olarak incelendi ve sürekli değişkenler Kruskal-Wallis testi ile analiz edildi (p0.05). Sonuç: Bruksizm ile ilgili YouTube™’da yer alan videoların çoğu az yararlıdır. Alanında uzman hekimler ve akademisyenler, YouTube™’a daha yararlı ve bilgilendirici videolar ile katkı sağlayabilirler, bireylerin doğru bilgiye ulaşmasına ve toplum sağlığına faydalı olabilirler.

Background: Hepatitis D virus research has advanced in recent decades. In this study, we aim to quantitatively analyze the scientific data in the field of "hepatitis D virus" by using bibliometric analysis. Methods: Research documents published in the Web of Science database between 1984 and 2022 were included in the study. The search keywords were "hepatitis D" or "hepatitis-D" or "HDV" or "hepatitis virus D." The full record and cited references of documents extracted were converted to a "bibtex" file as well. The R-Studio software's Bibliometrix package and Biblioshinny application are used to perform the bibliometric analysis. Results: A total of 1530 publications written by 6042 authors were identified. Most of the publications were articles (62.81%). The number of published articles increased gradually, especially after 2008. The articles of the authors were mostly published in the United States, Germany, and China. The affiliation where the most studies were conducted was Hannover Medical School (8.82%). Also, the United States and Germany were found to be the main countries in the collaboration network. Mario Rizzetto was the author of the most published articles on HDV. The most frequently used words in the articles were "infection," "prevalence," and "b-virus." Conclusion: Clinical and epidemiological studies on HDV were given more focus, while studies on treatment were less numerous. It can also be predicted that potent treatment options will increase more in the coming years, and the frequency of studies on this will increase.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of pancreatic enzyme elevations in COVID-19-infected patients and to examine the effect on disease severity. Material and Methods: A total of 1249 patients who hospitalized with COVID-19 infection were included. The frequency of pancreatic enzyme elevations and the effect on disease severity in patients infected with COVID-19 were investigated. Results: The pancreatic enzyme elevations (amylase/lipase or both) were detected in 32 of 1249 patients (incidence 2.96%). 32 cases with a mean age of 64.97±5.63 years were included in this study. 30 (93.75%) of the cases were men’s gender. 31 (96.87%) of them had elevated amylase levels, 26 (81.25%) had elevated lipase levels and 25 (78.12%) of them had elevated both amylase and lipase levels. Only 10 (31.25%) of them tested radiological for acute pancreatitis (AP) and there was no radiological finding compatible with AP in any of the limited numbers of abdominal computerized tomography scans performed. 18 (56.25%) of the patients were transferred to the intensive care unit due to clinical worsening and mortality developed in 13 (40.62%) patients. The mean age of the deceased cases was 66.4±6.6 years and there was no statistically significant difference between deceased and survived COVID-19 patients (>0.05). Conclusion: The median lymphocyte count was lower, and the median AST, ALT, and lipase levels were higher in the deceased group. Perhaps close clinical follow-up of patients with pathological findings in these values and radiological imaging, if necessary, may be beneficial in the method of the disease. Keywords: COVID-19; disease severity; pancreatic enzyme elevations.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of anesthesia with a combination of butorphanol, medetomidine and ketamine on blood gas parameters during ovariohysterectomy in queens. Nineteen queens of different breeds, between 6 and 72 months of age, which were neutered, were used in the study. Before anesthesia, 1 mL of blood was taken from Vena cephalica antebrachi to a heparinized syringe and blood gas parameters were evaluated. Queens determined to be healthy as a result of clinical examination and laboratory analyzes were taken under general anesthesia for ovariohysterectomy. Butorphanol (0.01 mg/kg, IV) was administered for anesthesia induction, medetomidine (0.08 mL/kg, IV) was administered 5 minutes after following the induction and ketamine (5-7.5 mg/kg, IV) was administered intravenously 10 minutes later. At the 10th minute of ketamine administration, blood samples were taken from the queens again. Blood gas parameters such as pH, pCO2, pO2, sO2, Na, Ca, K, Cl, Glu, Lac, BE and HCO3 were evaluated in blood samples taken before and during anesthesia. It was determined that pH, pO2, sO2, BE and HCO3 levels were lower and pCO2 and lactate concentrations were higher in anesthesia-induced queens compared to pre-anesthesia. As a result, it was thought that monitoring blood gas parameters in queens undergoing ovariohysterectomy may be useful to prevent complications that may occur before and after the operation.

It is expected that the vegetation, especially the tree roots, will be affected by the undergroundmines that may be discovered and have different spectral characteristics. In particular, it is possible for forestareas to be more frequent and stronger by being fed from metallic mines that are mineralized in a long processunderground. For this purpose, the study was carried out in a mining area with a licensed gold and coppermineralization located in the west of Amasya province borders. Drone Photogrammetry has been studied toclearly classify the trees in the forest with dense and steep geography in the region. The spectral anomaly of treespecies was investigated by using the ASTER satellite image with high spectral resolution of the region. Withremote sensing methods such as SAVI, NDVI and supervised classification, satellite images were enriched toreach potential ore-intensive areas. The slope analysis was performed by creating a digital terrain model for theregion, which geography is very rough and steep, and it was examined by considering tree height values fromdifferent angles. Tree species classified by the Spectral Correlation Mapping method were also evaluatedtogether with their spectral signatures.

The settlement of Belen has not been investigated since the brief notice made by J. Borchhardt in 1975 until last year, although there are significant archaeological remains and it is situated at an important geographical position between Myra and Limyra. Some new archaeological and epigraphic finds, one, a funerary inscription, the others, fragmentary inscriptions, were found in the settlement of Belen Tepesi during our survey concerning the research pertaining to the Stadiasmus Patarensis Project conducted by Akdeniz University. In this paper the set-tlement and its unknown ancient name, the road system, the extent of its territory and its eco-nomic structure are discussed together with the new finds and some new observations are made concerning the settlement and its surroundings. In consequence, this paper proposes Belen Tepesi was inhabited in the Classical period contrary to what had been previously as-sumed, that it was a Hellenistic–Roman settlement. Plenion is suggested for the name of the settlement at Belen, an important village mentioned in the Vita of Nicholas of Holy Sion. Based on the road system in the mountainous area of Bonda, it is proposed that the territory of Belen included a large area from the west slope of the hill to the Claudian road on Bonda. And finally this paper suggests the main economic resource, of those settled at Belen Tepesi would primarily have been shipping and trade, rather than the agricultural production.

To compare three different types of custom-made root-analog immediate (RAI) dental implants.Patients with fractured and/or nonrestorable teeth with uncompromised periodontal ligaments were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were as follows: any uncontrolled systemic disease, bruxism, poor oral hygiene, active periodontal disease, and/or chronic marginal periodontitis. CBCT scans of the teeth were taken, and the datasets were used to reconstruct 3D models that were transferred to 3D modeling software to design the RAIs. Group 1 (GR1) consisted of zirconia RAIs manufactured using a computer numerical control (CNC) machine, group 2 (GR2) consisted of titanium RAIs formed by using a CNC machine, and group 3 (GR3) consisted of titanium RAIs manufactured by using direct laser metal sintering (DLMS) technology, all of which were placed immediately after tooth extraction. Primary stability was measured by using Periotest M. Metal-ceramic single crowns were cemented 3 months later. All implants were evaluated clinically and radiologically 1 year after implant placement.A total of 51 patients (18 men, 33 women) aged between 18 and 66 years (average 34.2 years) were included in the study. In 4 patients, RAIs could not be placed due to the lack of primary stability, and they were excluded. In the remaining 47 patients, the custom-made RAIs (GR1: n = 21, GR2: n = 17, GR3: n = 18, total: n = 56) were placed into fresh extraction sockets immediately after tooth extraction for each patient. Primary stability was achieved. Periotest values (PTV) were between -1.4 and -6.2 (mean -3.3). The mean initial PTV (PTV0) was -2.3 ± 1.8 for the failed implants and -4.5 ± 0.8 for the surviving implants. PTV0 was an independent risk factor (HR 3.61, 95% CI: 1.56-8.35, P = .004) for survival rate, which was 33.3%, 70.6%, and 44.4% for GR1, GR2, and GR3, respectively. The overall survival rate was 48.2%. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the probability of survival (P = .051). The survival rate was significantly lower for anterior RAIs (P.001). Clinically healthy gingival margins were observed without any signs of periodontitis or implant mobility, and the mean PTV was -4.0 ± 1.9 in surviving implants, whereas the mean marginal bone loss was 1.3 ± 0.6 mm (median, 0.8; 95% CI: 0.1-3.4) at the 1-year follow-up.This study was the first attempt to compare different RAI manufacturing techniques and biomaterials in the literature. Although the probability of survival was not statistically significant between the groups, the survival rate in GR2 was higher than in the other two groups. Nevertheless, the overall survival rate was significantly lower (48.2%) than in the previous reports. Primary stability was an independent risk factor for failure. Further studies with the minimized variables between groups should be designed for precise results.

Bu çalışma kapsamında, Van Gölü Havzası ve civarı için özellikle aletsel dönemde meydana gelmiş depremler ve bunların artçı şok verileri kullanılarak yapılan çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Farklı sismolojik parametrelerin kullanıldığı bu çalışmaların bulguları derlenerek, bölgenin gelecekteki deprem riski/tehlikesi karşısındaki durumu ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Aletsel ve tarihsel dönemde büyüklüğü 5.0 ve üzerinde olan birçok depremin meydana geldiği bölgede, son olarak 23 Ekim 2011 (Mw=7.1) ve 09 Kasım 2011 (Mw=5.8) tarihlerinde Van şehir merkezi civarında meydana gelen yıkıcı/hasar verici iki deprem bölgenin farklı özelliklerdeki aktif fay mekanizmalarına sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, özellikle Van Gölü’nün hemen doğusu ile Çaldıran, Muradiye, Özalp, Saray ve Erciş civarında yakın gelecekte deprem tehlikesi diğer bölgelere göre büyük olarak ifade edilebilir. Ayrıca, Van Gölü Havzası ve civarının gerek jeofizik yöntemlere gerekse yapısal incelemelere dayalı farklı parametreler (zemin büyütmesi ve sismik hasar indisi gibi) kullanılarak zemin mühendislik özellikleri ve yapı-zemin etkileşimi açısından değerlendirmesi de bu çalışmada incelenmiştir.

Amaç: Bu çalışma hemşirelerin profesyonel otonomi düzeylerinin, kanıta dayalı hemşireliğe yönelik tutumları üzerine etkisini belirlemek üzere ilişki arayıcı bir araştırma olarak yürütüldü. Yöntem: Araştırma 02.10.2021-02.12.2021 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışmakta olan 450 hemşireden, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 266 hemşirenin katılımı ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler araştırmacı tarafından literatür doğrultusunda hazırlanan hemşirelerin sosyo-demografik ve çalışma yaşamına ilişkin özelliklerini belirleyici 25 sorudan oluşan bilgi formu ile Kanıta Dayalı Hemşireliğe Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği ve Hemşireler İçin Profesyonel Otonomiye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği kullanılarak toplandı. Verilerin normal dağılıma uygunluğu Shapiro Wilk ve Kolmorogov Smirnov ile değerlendirildi. Verilerin analizinde Kruskal Wallis testi, Mann Whitney U testi ve Tek Yönlü Varyans analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerin %80.8’ini kadınların, %19.2’sini erkeklerin oluşturduğu, %56.4’ünün evli, %60.2’sinin lisans mezunu olduğu, %79.3’ünün vardiyalı olarak çalıştığı, %78.9’unun mesleğini isteyerek tercih ettiği, %65’inin mesleğini sevdiği, %28.9’unun herhangi bir mesleki derneğe üye olduğu, %27.8’inin son bir yıl içinde mesleki, bilimsel toplantılara ve kongrelere katıldığı ve %64.7’sinin kanıta dayalı hemşirelik uygulamaları konusunda bilgi sahibi olduğu belirlendi. Hemşirelerin yaş ortalaması 31.2±6.9’dur. Hemşirelerin Kanıta Dayalı Hemşireliğe Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği puan ortalaması 62.9 ± 8.9 ve Hemşireler İçin Profesyonel Otonomiye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği puan ortalaması 78.3 ± 10.5 olarak saptandı. Bu çalışmada Hemşirelerin Profesyonel Otonomiye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği puanı ile Kanıta Dayalı Hemşireliğe Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği puanı arasında pozitif yönlü orta düzey anlamlı bir ilişki (r=0.406, p

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between gasdermin-D, caspase-1, IL-1β and NLRP3, biomarkers that play an important role in COVID-19, and pyroptosis. Material and Methods: This study was carried out with 58 participants, 28 (48.28%) of whom were diagnosis with COVID-19, and 30 (51.72%) of whom were healthy volunteers (control group). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the gasdermin-D, caspase-1, IL-1β, and NLRP3 levels as a result of all statistical comparisons performed. However, IL-1β values both during the discharge period and during the hospitalization period were considerably higher than those of the control group. At the discharge period, IL-1β values of the patients with severe COVID-19 category had higher than moderate patients, and the patients with moderate than the patients with mild patients. Conclusion: It was observed that IL-1β, which is one of the cytokines released as a result of cell death in the pyroptosis mechanism, was higher in the COVID-19 patients in both the hospitalization and discharge periods compared to the control group. Although not statistically significant these results could support the relationship between pyroptosis and COVID-19.

Covid-19 pandemisi ile birlikte e-ticaret daha önce olmadığı kadar önem kazanmıştır. Mağazaların kapalı olması ve sosyal hayatın kesintiye uğramasıyla, daha önce hiç e-ticareti deneyimlememiş insanlar e-ticarete yönelmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; covid-19 döneminde Türkiye’de kuşaklararası farklılıklar dikkate alınarak e-ticaret kullanıcılarının genel profilini belirlemek ve bireylerin e-ticaret eğilimlerini etkileyen sosyo-demografik faktörleri tespit etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 2021 yılında TUİK tarafından yapılan Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri Kullanım Araştırması verileri kullanılmış olup (n=30530) bireylerin e-ticaret eğilimleri ikili lojistik regresyon yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre Z, Y ve X kuşaklarında kadınların, bebek patlaması kuşağında ise erkeklerin e-ticarete katılma olasılıklarının daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tüm kuşaklarda üniversite mezunu bireylerin internet alışverişi yapma olasılıklarının daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aile büyüklüğünün az olması ve aylık gelirin yüksek olması, e-ticarete katılma olasılığını artırmaktadır. Ayrıca, nispeten az gelişmiş bölgeler olan Kuzeydoğu Anadolu ve Ortadoğu Anadolu bölgelerine kıyasla gelişmiş bölgeler olan İstanbul, Batı Marmara, Doğu Marmara, Ege ve Akdeniz bölgelerinde e-ticaret daha çok tercih edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte iş durumu, cep telefonu sahipliği durumu, dizüstü bilgisayar sahipliği durumu, masaüstü bilgisayar sahipliği durumu, tablet bilgisayar sahipliği durumu, e-devlet hizmetleri kullanımı durumu ve internet üzerinden finansal işlemler gerçekleştirme durumu değişkenlerinin e-ticaret üzerinde anlamlı faktörler olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı; saf kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) meşcrelerinde aktif (Sentinel-1A) ve pasif (Landsat 8 OLI) uydu görüntüleri ile bazı topoğrafik veriler kullanılarak topraküstü biyokütlenin tahmin edilmesidir. Çalışmada toplam 404 adet örnek alan verisi kullanılmıştır. Bu örnek alan verilerinin 323 (%80) modellerin oluşturulmasında ve 81 (%20) ise modellerin test edilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Her bir örnek alana ilişkin topraküstü biyokütle değerleri allometrik denklem kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca her bir örnek alana ilişkin Landsat 8 OLI uydu görüntüsünden bant reflektans, vejetasyon indis ve tekstür değerleri, Sentinel-1A uydu görüntüsünün her iki polarizasyonu (VV ve VH) için parlaklık ve geri yansıtım değerleri ile Alos-Palsar uydu görüntüsünden üretilen Sayısal Yükseklik Model (SYM) verisinden yükselti, eğim ve bakı değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Topraküstü biyokütle ile Landsat 8 OLI, Sentinel-1A ve SAM verisinden elde edilen değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler regresyon analizi ile modellenmiştir. Toplam 22 farklı regresyon modeli geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen modeller arasında en iyi ilişki (R2= 0,509 ; Sy.x= 28,39), Landsat 8 OLI uydu görüntüsünün bant reflektans değerleri, vejetasyon indisleri, tekstür değerleri, Sentinel-1A uydu görüntüsünün iki polarizasyona ilişkin parlaklık değerleri ile yükselti ve bakının bağımsız değişkenler olarak yer aldığı modelle elde edilmiştir.

Accurate perception of time is vital in some athletic activities such as free-diving performance. The exact mechanisms underlying the correct estimation of long intervals using different time estimation paradigms are still an issue to be solved in psychology. To this end, in the current study, by using a prospective paradigm, examined top-down and bottom-up predictors of 25, 50, and 75 seconds of apnea durations. Eleven free-diving athletes performed the target apnea estimations in two experimental conditions: apnea in the air and immersed apnea. In line with our integrative perspective, we obtained heart rate values, attentional control capacities, and affectivity states of the participants, and analyzed the relationship of these with the directional errors of three target apnea estimations. A series of within-participants analyses found the following: first, the heart-rate alone is not the only factor influencing time estimation during long intervals; second, attentional capacity and positive affect contributed to the accuracy of time estimation in a non-constant fashion; third, these three variables affected the accuracy of time estimation differently according to the modality and the duration of the target interval; and fourth, the participants were most accurate in estimating the time during 75s of apnea in the immersed condition.

The aim of this study is to examine in detail the effect of experiential learning in analytical chemistry laboratory on preservice teachers’ scientific attitudes and to examine their views on the qualitative analysis in analytical chemistry laboratory. The study group consisted of 27 preservice chemistry teachers. The study was designed by mixed method. The scientific attitude scale and note to self-form were used as data collection tools. From the results, it was observed that the scientific attitudes of preservice chemistry teachers increased significantly. When the scores in the sub-dimensions of the scientific attitude scale are compared, it is noteworthy that there is a significant difference in the third dimension “being a scientist or working in a job.” According to the note to self-form preservice teachers’ notes were categorised as cognitive field note, sensory field note, and psychomotor field note.

Background: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a latent virus that can remain in the central nervous system. Reactivation of the virus can cause some neurologic manifestations, and myelitis is one of the rarest of them. In this report, we aimed to present the MRI features of long-segment cervical myelitis after VZV infection, which is rarely reported in the literature. Case Presentation: A 69-year-old patient, who was diagnosed with varicella-zoster two months ago and treated with valacyclovir, was admitted to our clinic with worsening of his complaints and weakness in the right upper extremity. Neurological examination was normal in the left upper and bilateral lower extremities, but the muscle strength in the right upper extremity was evaluated as 4/5 grade. While rare leukocytes (10 leukocytes/mm³, 50 erythrocytes/mm³, high protein level (46 mg/dl, ref.15- 40 mg/dl)) were seen in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, no microorganisms were seen, and no growth was observed in the culture. VZV antibody-immunoglobulin G (Ab-IgG) was positive in CSF, while polymerase chain reaction [PCR] for VZV was negative. On cervical MRI, lesions showing T2 hyperintensity were observed from the C3-4 level to the C7-T1 level, eccentrically located in the right paramedian spinal cord. On post-contrast images, patchy heterogeneous contrast enhancement was noted in these regions of the spinal cord. When the patient's history, CSF features and MRI examinations were evaluated together, the lesions were consistent with VZV myelitis. The patient was started on valacyclovir treatment, and during the follow-up, the patient's complaints decreased, while no progress was observed in neurologic symptoms. Conclusion: As a result, we aimed to report the MRI features of this rare complication of varicellazoster and emphasize the necessity of keeping this in mind in the etiology of myelitis, especially in cases with patchy enhancement, to achieve early diagnosis and treatment.

Bu çalışma Isparta/Sütçüler Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü sınırları içerisinde bulunan doğal kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) meşcerelerinde uygulanan aralama müdahalelerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Kızılçam meşcerelerinde benzer yükselti ve bakıda iki ayrı sahada uygulanan iki farklı şiddetteki aralama müdahalesinin dört yıllık sonuçlarının büyüme özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. I nolu alanda mutedil alçak aralama müdahalesi uygulanırken, II nolu alanda kuvvetli alçak aralama müdahalesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kızılçam meşcerelerinde her iki alanda da uygulanan aralama müdahaleleri ortalama göğüs çapı, ağaç boyu, ağaç stabilitesi ve hektardaki toplam göğüs yüzeyi üzerinde etkili olmuştur. Aralama müdahaleleri ile ağaçların göğüs çap ve boy gelişimi, ağaç stabilitesi artmıştır. Dört yılın sonunda her iki alanda da hektardaki toplam hacim bakımından aralama müdahalesi uygulanan alanlar ile kontrol alanları arasında istatistiksel anlamda önemli bir farklılık belirlenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, düzenli bakım müdahalesi uygulanan doğal kızılçam meşcerelerinde ilk aralama müdahalesi olarak kuvvetli alçak aralama tercih edilebilir. Düzenli bakım müdahalesi uygulanmayan alanlarda ise meşcere gelişimi de göz önüne alınarak mutedil alçak aralama müdahalesinin uygulanması önerilebilir.

Amaç: Q ateşi Coxiella burnetti 'nin etkeni olduğu, ülkemizde uzun yıllardır bilinen, zaman zaman salgınlara yol açabilen zoonotik bir hastalıktır. Yöntemler: Bu derleme çalışmasında Q ateşinin epidemiyolojisi, klinik belirtileri, semptomlarını, tanı ve tedavisini özetlemekte, ayrıca bu hastalığın çocuklardaki tutulumlarına yönelik literatürün gözden geçirilmesini hedeflemektedir. Bulgular: Dünya genelinde çocuk vaka bildirimleri ve seroprevelans çalışmaları özellikle son 20 yılda artmıştır. Ülkemizden ise çocuklara Q ateşini araştıran seroprevelans çalışmasına ulaşılamadı. Sonuçlar: Türkiye Q ateşinin görülebildiği ülkeler arasındandır. Ülkemiz çocuklarında (hasta grupları, risk grupları ve sağlam popülasyonda) Q ateşi seroprevelansını araştıran ve klinik çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Bu çalışmada, sağlık yönetimi bölümü öğrencilerinin Covid-19 ile ilgili bilişsel yapılarının incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Fenomenoloji desenine göre tasarlanan çalışmada veri toplamak amacıyla kelime ilişkilendirme testi kullanılmıştır. Testte anahtar kavram olarak Covid-19 belirlenmiş ve Covid-19’un neyi çağrıştırdığı, neye benzetildiği, olumsuz etkileri, olumlu etkileri ve geleceği nasıl şekillendireceği üzerinden öğrencilerin bilişsel yapıları ortaya konmuştur. Ulaşılan 80 öğrenciden her bir kategoriye ait 800 olmak üzere toplamda 4000 kelimelik bir veri seti elde edilmiş, veriler içerik analizine tabi tutularak temalaştırılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda çağrışım olarak “maske” ve “mesafe”, benzetme olarak “grip” ve “veba”, olumsuz etki olarak “eğitimde yaşanan aksaklıklar” ve “psikolojinin bozulması”, olumlu etki olarak “aile ile vakit geçirme” ve “kendine vakit ayırma”, gelecek etkisi olarak ise “tedbirli yaşam” ve “ekonomik problemlerde artış” kodları öne çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Covid-19 denilince üniversite öğrencilerinin aklına daha çok tedbir ve korunmaya dair çağrışımlar gelmiş, öğrenciler Covid-19’u bulaşıcı ya da ölümcül hastalıklara benzetmiş, olumsuz etkilerin başında kısıtlama ve tedbirler düşünülmüş, olumlu etkiler olarak süreç gelişim ve öğrenme fırsatı olarak görülmüş ve gelecekte bu salgın sebebiyle toplumsal yaşamın dönüşeceğine dair düşünceler ortaya çıkmıştır.

BACKGROUNDS: It was intended to compare early term babies to term babies by reviewing short-term issues and long-term neurodevelopmental evaluations. METHODS: It was planned as a prospective case-control study. Of the 4263 infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, 109 infants born at early term by elective cesarean section and hospitalized within the first 10 postnatal days were included in the study. As the control group, 109 babies born at term were enrolled. Nutrition status of infants, reasons for hospitalization in the first postnatal week were recorded. When the babies were 18-24 months old, an appointment was made for neurodevelopmental evaluation. RESULTS: In the early term group, the time of breastfeeding was later than the control group, with a statistically significant difference. Similarly, breastfeeding difficulty, need for formula in the first week postpartum and hospitalization were found to be significantly higher in the early term group. Considering the short-term results; pathological weight loss, hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy and feeding difficulties were statistically significantly higher in the early term group. Neurodevelopmental delay did not statistically differ across the groups, but the early term group’s MDI and PDI scores were found to be statistically lower than those of the term group. CONCLUSION: Early term infants are thought to be like term infants in many ways. Although these babies are similar to term babies, they are still physiologically immature. The short and long-term negative consequences of early term birth are obvious, non-medical elective early term births should be prevented.

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical utility and cost of the respiratory virus panel test in the febrile neutropenia (FN) episode in children undergoing chemotherapy. Material and Method: From 2014 to 2018, 180 episodes of FN in 93 children with cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into those with (Group A) and without respiratory virus panel (Group B). The demographic and clinical features and cost analysis of the groups A and B were noted. Results: Of these FN episodes, 46 were in Group A (25.5%) and 134 were in Group B (74.5%). We found positivity in 45 (97.8%) of 46 episodes in Group A. While modification was required in 14 FN episodes (30.4%) in Group A, modification was required in 35 FN episodes (26.1%) in group B. The difference was not statistically significant (p=0.570). In Group A, only 5 (10.8%) were modified according to the respiratory virus panel. The respiratory virus panel prices were $72.43 (interquartile range, $38.8). The ratio of respiratory virus panel cost to the total cost was 9.67% (interquartile range 11.6). The median total cost of group A was $663.18 (interquartile range, 850.1), while that of group B was $596.24 (interquartile range, 723.81). The difference was not statistically significant (p=0.141). Conclusion: The respiratory virus panel may contribute to the preference of antibiotics by giving rapid results in FN attacks. However, no effect on modification rates was observed, and only a small percentage of patients underwent antibiotic modification according to respiratory virus panel.

The aim of this study was to review the research which focused on ‘Reading Anxiety’ in Turkish language systematically. According to the questions derived from the aim, 16 papers were re-examined based on the rules of systematic review method. These papers were analysed in terms of their aims, designs, sampling and results. In addition to this, similarities and differences of the reviewed papers were discovered. It was seen that these studies were conducted with primary and middle school students. It was also found that the methodology of these reviewed studies was designed with quantitative approaches. The results of the review indicates that reading anxiety is related with reading comprehension, reading habit, reading fluency and reading motivation. Such factors as gender, parents’ income, having books and place of residence have relation with reading anxiety. The results gathered from reviewed papers suggest that studies designed with qualitative and mixed-method are needed. Additionally, focusing on various topics related with ‘reading anxiety’ with different participant groups are needed. In conclusion, it is believed that this systematic review study can provide fruitful information for the area and new perspectives for the further studies.

Background: We have been encountering pulmonary nodules more frequently due to increased lung cancer screening programs and lung tomography imaging for other reasons. Although various guidelines have been developed regarding pulmonary nodules, uncertainty continues on the follow-up and management of nodules. Aim of the study: To define the patients risk factors and pulmonary nodule characteristics that differentiate malignant nodules from benign nodules.Material and Methods: Patients with pulmonary nodules, detected between August 2014 and January 2019 in a university hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The data about the patient-risk factors (age, gender, smoking history, occupational-environmental risks, comorbidities, cancer history, family history) and nodule characteristics (Nodule Diameter, Nodule Type, Border Properties, Nodule Localization) were obtained. The features of malign nodules and benign nodules were examined.Results: There were 40 patients with pulmonary nodules whose final diagnosis could be classified as benign or malign. The mean age was 63.28 (12.06) years. Twenty-two (55%) patients were female. Eleven (27.50%) patients had never smoked. Nineteen (47.50%) of the patients were asymptomatic. Two of the nodules were malignant. There was no significant difference in the mean age, gender, smoking history, comorbidities, occupational and environmental risk factors, familial risk factors, nodule type, localization, size, and border properties between the benign and malign nodules.Conclusion: There is a high overlap in nodule characteristics and patient-risk factors between benign and malign nodules. Despite a comprehensive clinical and radiological evaluation, it is not easy to decide whether the nodule is benign or malign.

Objective: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the forefront of the fight against COVID-19, and vaccination is crucial. In addition, HCWs have the potential, both through their behaviours and their words, in controlling the pandemic. The aim of this study is to determine the vaccination statuses, knowledge levels and perspectives of HCWs regarding vaccination. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study designed for medical students, assistant physicians, nursing students and nurses, in Turkey, between July 15, 2021 and July 30, 2021, using an online questionnaire. Results: Vaccination rate among 822 HCWs was 79.2%. HCWs did not have enough information about vaccines (correct response rates were between 21.6% and 73%). The most important sources of information were social media and the statements of Turkish Minister of Health and Scientific Committee (41.9% and 29.5%, respectively). Vaccination rate was statistically higher in HCWs over 25 years old, physicians, living in the western regions of Turkey, serving patients with COVID-19, those who did not have previous COVID-19, and those who answered the vaccination questions correctly (p=0.019, p

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Türkiye'de ana metal sektörünün iş kazası sayıları açısından hangi boyutlarda olduğunun ortaya konulması, ülkemizde ana metal sektöründe kayıtlara geçen kaza sayılarının seçilen Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri ile karşılaştırmasının yapılması, iş kazası ve meslek hastalıklığına neden olabilecek uygunsuzlukların incelenerek çözüm önerilerinin sunulması ile sektördeki iş sağlığı ve güvenliği çalışmalarına katkı sunmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada; ana metal sektörü iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından ele alınmış olup SGK (Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu) tarafından yayımlanan iş kazası sayıları ve EUROSTAT (Avrupa Birliği İstatistik Ofisi) tarafından yayımlanan Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinin kaza sayıları kıyaslanarak; genel kaza sıklığı, ölümlü kaza sıklığı, geçici iş göremezlik ve sürekli iş göremezlik kaza sıklığı, kaza sıklık hızı, kaza ağırlık hızı ve standardize iş kazası oranı parametrelerine göre hesaplamaları yapılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan hesaplamalar sonucu ortaya çıkan değerler tablo ve grafiklerle sunularak yorumlanmıştır. Ayrıca ana metal sektörüne özgü; Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı'nca yapılan teftişlerde karşılaşılan uygunsuzluklar için çözüm önerileri üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda, ana metal sektörü ülkemizde iş kazası sayıları açısından ilk sıralarda yer alan bir sektör olma özelliğinde olup seçilen Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri içerisinde 2012 senesinden sonra ilk sıralarda çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca sektördeki yüksek kaza sayılarına sebep olan uygunsuz durumlar için bir takım faydalı olabilecek çözüm önerileri ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak; sektörde dikkatle üzerinde durulması gereken risk etmenleri iş ekipmanlarından kaynaklı riskler, kimyasal risk etmenleri ve termal konfor, gürültü, titreşim, aydınlatma, radyasyon olarak ele alınan fiziksel risk etmenleridir. Bu çalışma, birinci yazarın İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği anabilimdalı yüksek lisans tezinden türetilmiştir.

Objective: Position changes and increased intra-abdominal pressure in laparoscopic interventions lead to some physiopathological changes. There is no definite information in the literature regarding cerebral oxygen saturation in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Our aim was to investigate whether there is oxygen saturation change in the brain tissue in pneumoperitoneum and the Trendelenburg position during laparoscopic rectal surgery. Material and Methods: Cerebral oxygen saturation was measured in 35 patients who underwent laparoscopic rectal surgery in the Trendelenburg position. Measurements were made under general anesthesia in the pneumoperitoneum and the Trendelenburg position. Results: The values that are statistically affected by the position are systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and cerebral oxygen saturation. The Trendelenburg position does not disturb the cerebral oxygen saturation and it causes an increase in saturation. After pneumoperitoneum occurred, changes in systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and brain oxygen saturation were detected. Cerebral oxygen saturation increases with the formation of pneumoperitoneum. Conclusion: The Trendelenburg position and increased intraabdominal pressure during laparoscopic rectal surgery do not impair brain oxygen saturation.

This review article aims to comprehend which themes sociologists should focus on when discussing climate change. To conduct the study, the systematic review method was adopted. By scanning the sources, six major themes were identified based on the codes extracted from the documents that establish a relationship between sociology and climate change. This is followed by a discussion of reflections on these themes among Central Asian countries. The final part of the paper presents various academic and action-oriented suggestions to Central Asian academicians about the sociological context of climate change. It seems necessary to increase sociological studies and academic activities on climate change in Central Asia, given the current inequalities and potential dangers.

Introduction: Changes in hematological parameters are frequently observed in brucellosis patients. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of some hematological parameters in patients with brucellosis. Material and methods: In this case-control study, the data of brucellosis patients and healthy volunteers followed up in the Outpatient Clinic of Infectious Diseases between 2018 and 2020 were retrospectively examined. In the hemogram examination of patients with brucellosis and health volunteers; hematological parameters such as the leukocyte, hemoglobin, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, ratio of neutrophil/lymphocyte, ratio of platelet/lymphocyte, ratio of monocyte/lymphocyte and mean platelet volume were compared. Results: 255 people, 169 (66.3%) of whom were diagnosed with brucellosis and 86 (33.7%) from the control group, were included to the study. These participants of 112 (43.9%) were male and 143 (56.1%) were female. The patients diagnosed with brucellosis, of 62 (36.7%) were considered acute, of 62 (36.7%) subacute, and of 45 (26.6%) chronic brucellosis. leukocyte, hemoglobin, neutrophil, and neutrophil/lymphocyte levels were found to be lower in the brucellosis group compared to the control group, while mean platelet volume level was found to be higher. Hemoglobin was found to be lower and mean platelet volume higher in all brucellosis subgroups. Conclusion: In this study, the following findings were determined to be important: the lowness of leucocyte and hemoglobin and highness of mean platelet volume in brucellosis patients, as well as the highness of lymphocyte levels and lowness of neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte levels in the subacute brucellosis subgroup. In addition, it was concluded that the mean platelet volume parameter can be used as a diagnostic test for brucellosis.