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There have been multiple types of research focusing on the relationship between feed ingredients and metal content in the egg white due to their role in human nutrition. The aim of the present study is to determine the metal concentration in hens’ eggs and, in particular, to compare the metal concentration in egg albumen originating from industrial poultry farms with that of backyard and free-range hens. All samples were collected in Romania from five separate counties and 10 different farms, over a period of two weeks and, as a result, a total of 50 were collected, 10 from each housing system (batteries/cages, litter/soil, free-range, organic and backyard). The measurements of the metals were taken by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), with a wide range of elements reported. For the essential elements, we measured Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn; Al, Cd, Ni and Pb for the heavy metals and, in addition, we measured B, Ba, Sr, Ca and Mg. The present study revealed that the metals in eggs from free-range hens are richer in essential elements with mean concentrations as follows: 1.528 mg/kg for Fe, 3.278 mg/kg for Zn, 0.058 mg/kg for Mn and 1.362 mg/kg for Cu. We concluded that the egg quality is closely connected with the housing system and nutrition. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that eggs from backyard housing are no better than those from free-range hens in terms of essential metal composition. The heavy and non-essential metal contents, present in the albumen of all the examined eggs, were much lower than the maximum allowed concentration and, therefore, egg consumption does not pose any risk to human health.

The Orpheus flower Haberlea rhodopensis (Friv.) of the family Gesneriaceae can go into anabiosis for long periods in an almost entirely desiccated state. It is an endemic relict from the Balkan Peninsula. Alcohol extracts from H. rhodopensis contain many biologically active substances with potent antioxidant, antigenotoxic, radioprotective, revitalizing and antiaging capabilities. However, regulating the gene networks responsible for these activities is vastly unknown. This study explores the cellular mechanisms underlying the protective effect of H. rhodopensis extracts (HRE). HeLa cells (human cervix epithelial carcinoma, HeLa ATCC® CCL-2™) were used as a model. We examined the changes in catalase activity and TP53 mRNA level shortly after oxidative (H2O2) and ionizing radiation (IR) induced stress with and without pre-incubation with HRE extracts. The dynamics in the activity of catalase, a main cellular antioxidant enzyme, and the expression of the stress-responsive gene TP53 were investigated by UV spectrophotometric assay and RT-qPCR, respectively. Under the applied stress conditions, H2O2 treatment and gamma radiation, catalase activity increased. This was a sign of induced ROS generation. In the first hours after treatment, the two stressors led to opposite changes in the levels of TP53 gene expression, which were alleviated by pre-incubation with HRE in a concentration-dependent manner. The broad biological activities of the studied extract, taking into account our results, show that ability of HRE to reduce the effect of stress is achieved through complex molecular mechanisms aimed at preserving cellular homeostasis. Mechanisms include the normalization of antioxidant enzyme activity such as catalase and the activity of TP53, one of the genes responsive to stress, by up or down-regulation.

The article presents the results of the influence of out-root fertilizing on the parameters of the leaf surface of varieties of domestic plums in arid conditions of light chestnut soils of the Northern Caspian. The study was conducted at the experimental site of the Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The pilot site was laid in 2014. Records and observations were carried out in 2019-2021. The research materials were varieties of plums Kuban early, Renclod Altana, Burbank and out-root leafy fertilizing preparations Master, Aquarin, Ultramag boron and Ultramag calcium. The leading indicators of the production process include the leaf surface area, photosynthetic capability and the net efficiency of photosynthesis, which show a close direct relationship with yield. Developing an optimal leaf surface area is an essential component of the technology and is vital for effectively absorbing light energy for photosynthesis. Analysis of the effects of micro-fertilizers Aquarin and Ultramag boron at the same time Ultramag calcium on the parameters of the leaf surface of plum trees showed that the most responsive varieties for the use of this drug were the Kuban early and Burbank varieties. The Renkloda Althana variety responded better to the action of the Master preparation. The largest leaf area formed on 1 ha, relative to the control, differed in the variant with the combined use of Aquarin, Ultramag boron and Ultramag calcium, which amounted to 3671 m2. Among the varieties, the Burbank variety was characterized by the largest leaf area formed per 1 ha, in which this indicator was 3080 m2.

Developping a multilingual corpus of terminology in linguistics can contribute to better organization and standardization of Russian and Chinese terms in the chosen field on the base of the existing works on the material of the English language. The scope of the project is to fill the lacunae, to disambiguate homonymy, to facilitate the choice of appropriate translation of a linguistic term and understanding of its context. The issue of the absence of Russian-Chinese-English and Chinese-Russian-English terminological dictionaries and the general desynchronization of terminological systems have been repeatedly mentioned in scientific works focused on the description of the language for special purposes. The search for a solution to these theoretical issues will help to find an algorithm for organizing the corpus of terms both within individual scientific disciplines and in interdisciplinary areas of arts and humanities. Multilingual corpus of terminology in linguistics implies the development of methodological recommendations and a complex of teaching materials including the digital ones, which will help foreign students to use the terms according to their level of language proficiency. The project is a continuation of a collective work oriented to the research of a language for professional communication. Language for professional communication is a functional type of a natural language the units of which transfer special knowledge. The absence of this knowledge makes professional communication impossible in the ways of perception, interpretation, translation and, creation of scientific texts in writing.

The paper describes a clinical case of methylmalonic acidemia in a newborn premature baby with a aggravated genealogical and obstetric history. The problems of diagnosing aminoacidopathy as a large heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases, which, as a rule, manifest in early childhood and are accompanied by life-threatening or disabling consequences, are considered. The paper presents clinical and laboratory data on methylmalonic acidemia, and analyzes the mechanisms of pathogenesis. It is noted that the difficulty in diagnosing methylmalonic acidemia, as well as other aminoacidopathy, is associated with the polymorphism of the clinical picture, the absence of specific clinical manifestations at the onset of the disease manifestation, and the use of special research methods in the diagnosis. It has been shown that the presence of aggravated factors often does not allow correct interpretation of clinical and laboratory data, making timely diagnosis and treatment difficult. Conclusion. Diagnosis of methylmalonic adiduria should take into account the unfolding of metabolic changes in the blood and urine over time. It is necessary to simultaneously analyze changes in the levels of metabolites in the blood and urine. The gold standard and the most reliable method of delivering a diagnosis is DNA diagnostics.

Objective We conducted a study on Haemophilus influenzae isolates recovered from children with acute otitis media (AOM). We aimed to establish the distribution of noncapsulated (also known as nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae [NTHi]) and encapsulated H. influenzae in the study population, and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates. Methods We collected 113 nasopharyngeal swabs and 91 middle ear fluids/otorrhea specimens from patients up to 9 years of age with AOM. Of these, 26.1% (n = 53) were culture-positive for H. influenzae. Only one episode of AOM was included per patient. Conventional tests and rapid panel Neisseria/Haemophilus panel were used for the identification of the isolates. Detection of encapsulated and noncapsulated strains was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bexA gene. PCR-serotyping was performed for capsule types: “a” and “f.” Biotypes were assigned based on the indole, urease, and ornithine decarboxylase activity. Susceptibility testing was performed according to the criteria of European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Results Capsule determination showed that 96.2% of H. influenzae isolates responsible for “mild” and “severe” AOM cases in children were NTHi. Biotype I was predominantly associated with AOM isolates. Capsule types “a” and “c” were found in two isolates. Antibiotic resistance was found in 39.6% of the isolates. The highest resistance rate was for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (37.7%). About 20.7% of isolates were ampicillin-resistant: 5.6% expressed a β-lactamase, and 15.1% had a β–lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant phenotype. Conclusion The current prevalence rates of nonsusceptible H. influenzae to ampicillin appear to be low among AOM. NTHi is an emergent pathogen in AOM cases. Ongoing observations are needed about how NTHi colonizes, survives, and evolves into a leading causative agent of H. influenzae diseases.

The paper focuses on studying public attitudes toward science in Bulgaria and the role of political discourse in shaping public expectations and perceptions. The study's methodology includes an analysis of theoretical concepts and their empirical verification with data from a quantitative Eurobarometer survey (Special Eurobarometer 516) and a discourse analysis of the representation of the scientific sphere in the public debate. The Bulgarian social reality clearly shows a blurring of the role, nature, and participation of science in societal development, the imposition of populist societal expectations towards it, as well as political statements that abuse the reputation of the scientific sphere and its representatives.

The article describes a clinical case of successful surgical treatment of a patient with deep endometriosis involving the rectum using the Da Vinci Surgical System. The use of the Da Vinci robotic complex allows for increasing the radicalism of the operation by improving visualization and expanding the surgeons manual capabilities. This starts to be possible thanks to the technical advantages of this technology, specifically 3D imaging and the use of EndoWrist instruments with artificial wrists and seven degrees of freedom that provide greater precision when manipulating in a minimally invasive environment. Surgical treatment of colorectal endometriosis includes three types of operations focus shaving, discoid and circular bowel resections with anastomosis. When choosing a treatment strategy, one needs to take into account the clinical course of the disease, the results of conservative treatment and instrumental methods of research (ultrasound, MRI), and the womans reproductive plans. The excision of the infiltrate is an effective method of treating patients with colorectal endometriosis in terms of pain relief, improving the quality of life and restoring reproductive function. Performing such operations is optimal in medical institutions with a multidisciplinary approach.

The effectiveness of the ongoing digital transformations for the country as a whole is largely determined by the results of the development of modern information and communication technologies in individual regions. In 2014, the law determined the need to develop strategies for the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as a result of which all regions developed relevant documents. In 2017, the state program “Development of digital economy technologies in Russia” was approved, which has been transformed since 2019 into the national program “Digital Economy”. This circumstance required updating the socio-economic development strategies developed in the regions. The article analyzes the content of the current strategies of the regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation in order to determine the level of their compliance with the requirements of the national program “Digital Economy”. The result of the study is the development of recommendations for taking into account aspects of the digital economy in the structure and content of regional development strategies, as well as for developing measures to increase the level of compliance of existing regional strategies with the main provisions of the national program on digital economy. In the course of the research, the methods of qualitative analysis of test information, the comparison method, and the method of structural analysis were used. The research results contribute to the development of the theory and practice of regional management at the stage of the digital transformation of the national economy.

Relevance. The development and use of new tools and technologies aimed at energy saving in agriculture has been and remains an urgent task. The use of non-traditional and renewable energy sources has become very popular. An advanced role in this direction is acquired by the use of heat released by cattle.Methods. It is assumed that due to the free heat, which is directed to the disposal of the livestock premises, heating will occur, for which a new device for heating water has been developed. Based on the results of calculations and observations, it was decided that the device for water heating will be placed in the place where the air temperature in the livestock premises reaches maximum values. There are a number of issues that need to be solved. One of them is an important part of the design of a new heating device — this is the calculation of its constructive parameters.Results. It is necessary to take into account many factors that affect the heat generation of cows, their drinking conditions, possibility of the installation of the heat exchanger to affect the ventilation in premises, its heating capacity. The calculation of these parameters will make it possible to evaluate in real conditions of use of water heating device, working due to the release of heat from cattle. Its use will reduce the consumption of electric energy, which is used to heat water intended for cows.

This study aimed to estimate the protective effect of a combination of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as a precursor of glutathione and oseltamivir as a specific inhibitor of virus replication on oxidative damages caused by influenza infection in the liver of infected mice. Albino mice were inoculated with 10×LD50 of influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68(H3N2). Oseltamivir was applied for five days after infection, twice per day, in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. SAM was applied for ten days in a 100 mg/kg dose, starting five days before inoculation. Markers of oxidative stress, mortality rate, mean survival time, index, and protection coefficient were followed. Influenza infection causes severe oxidative damage to the liver. All combinations of SAM and oseltamivir restored the levels of the biochemical markers to those in healthy animals and improved the virological parameters. A combination of SAM 100 mg/kg and oseltamivir 2.5 mg/kg, which is 1/4 of the optimal therapeutic mice dose, exhibits protection index and affects most effectively all the tested parameters. This study provides an easy-to-apply approach with a good therapeutic potential for co-medicating influenza infection with a specific antiviral agent and an antioxidant precursor.

Designing closed, laser-induced optical cycling transitions in trapped atoms or molecules is useful for quantum information processing, precision measurement, and quantum sensing. Larger molecules that feature such closed transitions are particularly desirable, as the increased degrees of freedom present new structures for optical control and enhanced measurements. The search for molecules with robust optical cycling centers is a challenge which requires design principles beyond trial-and-error. Two such principles are proposed for the particular M-O-R framework, where M is an alkaline earth metal radical, and R is a ligand: (1) Large, saturated hydrocarbons can serve as ligands, R, due to a substantial HOMO-LUMO gap that encloses the cycling transition, so long as the R group is rigid. (2) Electron-withdrawing groups, via induction, can enhance Franck-Condon factors (FCFs) of the optical cycling transition, as long as they do not disturb the locally linear structure in the M-O-R motif. With these tools in mind, larger molecules can be trapped and used as optical cycling centers, sometimes with higher FCFs than smaller molecules.

This study analyses the distribution of stress during the testing of glued cylindrical specimens with thermally sprayed MgAl2O4, Al2O3 oxide coatings in order to evaluate the tensile adhesion strength. The set of studies that make up this work were conducted in order to evaluate the influence of the geometric parameters of cylindrical test specimens, 25 mm in diameter by 16–38.1 mm in height, on the measured tensile adhesion strength of the specimens. The stress and strain states inside the coating and at the coating-substrate interface were determined using the finite element modelling method. The debonding mechanisms, failure mode and influence of the coating microstructure on bond strength are also discussed. The finite element stress analysis shows a significant level of non-uniform stress distribution in the test specimens. The analysis of the results of the modelling stresses and strains using the finite element method for six types of cylindrical specimens, as well as the values obtained for the adhesion testing of MgAl2O4, Al2O3 coatings, show a need to increase the height of the standard cylindrical specimen (according to ASTM C633-13 (2021), GOST 9.304-87). The height should be increased by no less than 1.5–2.0 times to reduce the level of a non-uniform stress distribution in the separation area.

Introduction. Occupational neurosensory hearing loss is one of the most common occupational diseases. So far, there have been no studies in the scientific literature devoted to a retrospective analysis of professional conditions and conditions of medical care organization in case this pathology is detected in workers served by the system of health care institutions of FMBA of Russia.Materials and methods The study used data from the "Industry register of persons with occupational diseases", accounting documents and regulations that allow an analysis of working conditions and medical care.Results The rate of neurosensory hearing loss was 31.3 % in the structure of occupational diseases among employees of enterprises and organizations served by FMBA health care institutions of Russia in 2010-2020. The frequency of continuous use of anti-noise personal protective equipment decreased from 77.8 % (2010–2015) to 75.4 % (2016–2020). Occupational neurosensory hearing loss was diagnosed in 79.4 % of workers based on periodic medical examinations and in 20.6 % of workers based on self-referrals. The decision to refer an employee for determination of the degree of disability was made in 16.5 % of cases.Discussion On the basis of the scientific literature and the results of our study, a proposal to take into account not only physical, but also chemical occupational hazards that aggravate the impact of industrial noise on employee health, as well as the anamnesis of tobacco smoking, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis.Conclusion The risk group for occupational neurosensory hearing loss is men over 50 years of age. The duration of formation of this pathology is 34,1 ± 1,1 years at the PS level of 90,6 ± 1,0 dB. The importance of optimal organization of periodic medical examinations and the need to control the use of anti-noise personal protective equipment in the workplace is noted.

Serous endometrial carcinoma is characterized by its highly aggressive nature and represents about 10% of all endometrial carcinomas. It causes about 80% of deaths among women suffering from endometrial cancer. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency, lymphatic and local spread of serous endometrial cancer compared with endometrial adenocarcinoma. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in a period of 4 years (from 2015 to 2019). One hundred and twenty-three women aged between 39 and 84 years suffering from endometrial carcinoma in various stages according to FIGO from stage I to IV were included in the study. Diagnosis was established clinically and by imaging studies and was histologically proven in all women. We performed radical hysterectomy type B or C (2017 Update on the Querleu-Morrow Classification of Radical Hysterectomy) and pelvic lymph node dissection (PN) with or without paraaortic (PAR) lymph node dissection in all patients. Results: In 106 (86.2%) patients we found adenocarcinoma, in 9 (7.3%) of them – serous carcinoma, in 4 (3.3%) women – carcinosarcoma, in 4 (3.3%) women – clear cell carcinoma. The study compared the results only of 115 (100%) women with adenocarcinoma and serous carcinoma. In 17.8% of the patients with adenocarcinoma we found the presence of lymph node metastases, and in the group of patients with serous carcinoma we found lymph node metastases in 77.7% of them. There was a significant difference in the frequency of lymph node metastases according to the histological type EC (p < 0.00001). In 22.6% of patients with adenocarcinoma there was a local cancer spread, while such a spread was found in 66.7% of patients with serous cancer. After statistical processing of the results, we found a significant difference in the frequency of local tissue spread depending on the histological type of EC. Conclusion: Patients with serous endometrial cancer have significant more frequent lymphatic metastases and local spread than those with endometrial adenocarcinoma.

When it originated in the late 19th century, psychometrics was a field with both a scientific and a social mission: Psychometrics provided new methods for research into individual differences and at the same time considered these methods a means of creating a new social order. In contrast, contemporary psychometrics—because of its highly technical nature and its limited involvement in substantive psychological research—has created the impression of being a value-free discipline. In this article, we develop a contrasting characterization of contemporary psychometrics as a value-laden discipline. We expose four such values: that individual differences are quantitative (rather than qualitative), that measurement should be objective in a specific sense, that test items should be fair, and that the utility of a model is more important than its truth. Our goal is not to criticize psychometrics for supporting these values but rather to bring them into the open and to show that they are not inevitable and are in need of systematic evaluation.

LeserTrlat syndrome is characterized by the sudden appearance of a large amount of elements of seborrheic keratosis. The syndrome is associated with the development of malignant tumors of internal organs. The reason for the development of the syndrome is probably the production of cytokines by cells of malignant tumors of internal organs (transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-), epidermal growth factor (EGF), etc.) endogenous mediators that affect the proliferation of keratinocytes and cause rapid growth of seborrheic keratosis. Currently, the question of the paraneoplastic nature of multiple seborrheic keratosis remains open. The article presents the observation of an 82-year-old patient with lentigo-melanoma, who developed multiple elements of seborrheic keratosis within a short time, discusses the question of how in this case it is possible to consider this as a paraneoplastic process. This case is interesting for the atypical clinical picture of seborrheic keratosis and the association with lentigo-melanoma.

Introduction. One of the main factors affecting TB burden is HIV progression and, in turn, PLWH predominantly die of TB.The study purpose was to identify high risk regions of HIV, HIV/TB coinfection in NWFD of Russia between years of 2007 to 2018.Materials and methods. K-means method was applied to identify HIV, HIV/TB incidence, prevalence and mortality rates, as well as share of heterosexual HIV transmission route clusters in 10 regions of NWFD. The need data were extracted from relevant forms of federal statistical observation between 2007 to 2018. NAO was excluded from cluster analysis due to absence of HIV/TB coinfection cases in study period. For holistic understanding of HIV/TB coinfection trends, TB incidence, prevalence and mortality rates were estimated too without including them in cluster analysis.Results. Along with significant reduce in TB cases there was increase in HIV case data in most regions, especially in Arkhangelsk oblast where HIV incidence raised by 617.8% in period analyzed. Meanwhile Kaliningrad oblast became the only region where HIV incidence (–21.5%) and mortality (–65.6%), also HIV/TB incidence (–55.0%) is failed in 2007–2018. Heterosexual HIV transmission risk was high in almost all regions, especially in NAO (100.0%), Pskov (89.2%), Novgorod (78.8%) oblasts. K-means method detected the highest HIV spread in Arkhangelsk oblast (first cluster), lowest — in Kaliningrad, Leningrad, Murmansk oblasts and St. Petersburg (third cluster). Other regions with intermediate HIV case data formed second cluster. HIV/TB coinfection most rapidly spreads in Arkhangelsk, Pskov and Novgorod oblasts (first cluster), most slowly — in Kaliningrad, Leningrad oblasts and in St. Petersburg (third cluster). In other regions, spread of HIV/TB coinfection has average rate, forming second intermediate cluster.Conclusion. Along with significant improvement in TB epidemic, spread of HIV and HIV/TB coinfection in regions of NWFD considered as uneven. In regions with high concentration of HIV cases, HIV and HIV/TB coinfection rates are slowed down. Conversely, highest rates of HIV cases, as well as of HIV/TB coinfection case data, are observed in regions with low HIV accumulation, indicating the need to strengthen TB measures in PLWH in regions with a low spread of HIV.

Based on the materials of articles, memoirs, diary entries, etc. the materials of Archpriest N.K. Chukov (Metropolitan Grеgory) show that he, as a pastor and a public figure of a firm right direction, warned in his articles about what the victory of socialist parties could threaten the country and the Church. At the same time, with the change of the social system, he did not refuse the necessary external contacts with representatives of the established Godfighting Soviet government, which for more than half a century helped him to continue the work of Orthodox spiritual education and preserve spiritual schools for future generations. At the same time, he considered it impossible to adjust the internal structure of his thoughts to another (in this case, socialist) ideology. The metropolitan taught the same to the pupils of the theological schools he opened — academies and seminaries.

The platinum-catalysed hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) generally shows poorer kinetics in alkaline electrolyte and represents a key challenge for alkaline water electrolysis. In the presence of alkali metal cations and hydroxyl anions, the electrode–electrolyte (platinum–water) interface in an alkaline electrolyte is far more complex than that in an acidic electrolyte. Here we combine electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and an electrical transport spectroscopy approach to probe and understand the fundamental role of different cations (Li+, Na+ and K+) in HER kinetics. Our integrated studies suggest that the alkali metal cations play an indirect role in modifying the HER kinetics, with the smaller cations being less destabilizing to the hydroxyl adsorbate (OHad) species in the HER potential window, which favours a higher coverage of OHad on the platinum surface. The surface OHad species are highly polar and act as both electronically favoured proton acceptors and geometrically favoured proton donors to promote water dissociation in alkaline media, thus boosting the Volmer-step kinetics and the HER activity. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

BACKGROUND. Intestinal diseases caused by diarrheagenic E. coli account for a significant proportion of infections, especially in children. E. coli enteritis can occur as sporadic cases but often assumes an epidemic nature. This study aims to determine the significance and prevalence of infections caused by diarrheagenic E. coli in Bulgaria for a period of ten years 2011-2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The etiological role and distribution of diarrheagenic E. coli among Bulgarian population for the last decade were determined by a retrospective analysis of microbiological and epidemiological data. RESULTS. Data from the studied period reveal the role of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) O6 as a leading etiological cause of epidemic and sporadic enteritis in the country, followed by enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) O126 and O127. There are only two reported cases of lethal hemorrhagic uremic syndrome (HUS) caused by enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) that happened in 2011. Most affected by diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) infections are infants and young children. Neonatal meningitis in Bulgaria is rare, the etiological agents are E. coli O18 and O25. The most common registered DEC infections are during the summer months of May - September. Several epidemics have been registered in young children, and the etiological cause is ETEC O6. CONCLUSION. The main etiological agent of E. coli infections in Bulgaria is ETEC O6, and infants and young children are at risk. Recent DEC epidemics have not been reported. The ethiologic diagnosis of infections is underestimated, which is a risk factor for increasing the number of healthy carriers, outbreaks and unlimited agent spreading through the food chain.

Introduction. In the course of the work the scientists have conducted an analysis of comorbid pathology was carried out in patients with occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OCOPD) who underwent inpatient examination at the Clinic of the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene of Rospotrebnadzor. The study aims to research the frequency and nature of comorbid pathology in patients with OCOPD who underwent inpatient examination at the Clinic of the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene of Rospotrebnadzor. Materials and methods. In the course of the work we have conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical histories of patients with occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were examined and treated at the Clinic of Occupational Pathology. Researchers have carried out the analysis of the histories using the regional register of occupational diseases of Novosibirsk and the Novosibirsk Region created by the staff of the Research Institute of Hygiene and the permanent regional register of Occupational Diseases. Results. The study made it possible to determine the structure of comorbid pathology of patients with occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were examined and treated at the Clinic of Occupational Pathology and School-related Diseases of the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene of Rospotrebnadzor. Conclusion. Comorbid pathology affects the severity of the patient's condition with OCOPD. We have made conclusions about the need for early diagnosis of occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its comorbid conditions, an individualized approach to each patient for effective rehabilitation. Ethics. The material of the article was approved by the Ethics Committee at the Novosibirsk Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene of Rospotrebnadzor (Protocol No. 3 of June 16, 2022).

The article deals with the problem of continuity of the fundamental linguistic principles of Ancient India in the formation of the theoretical basis for the development of British phonology. The study provides a comprehensive description of some philosophical views of Indian linguists, which significantly influenced the origin of Indian linguistics and subsequently played an important role in the creation of English phonological theory.

IT development can reenergize the application of quality management (QM). The development of new QM methods based on the integration of quality management meth-ods and digital techniques (DT) predetermines digital transformation of the entire product life cycle.

BACKGROUND: The hand and its distal phalanges, especially in children, are among areas mostly exposed to trauma while contacting the environment. Injuries causing loss of soft tissue and bone component are both challenging and interesting. This report presents the treatment results of children with soft tissue and bone defects of distal phalanges, in which reconstructions including combination of regional flaps, bone, and nailbed grafts were performed. CLINICAL CASE: This report presents clinical cases of the surgical treatment of 4- and 6-year-old children with fingertip injuries who underwent reconstructions including the combination of regional flaps, bone, and nailbed grafts. A combination of the scrap graft was performed in the first case with antegrade homodigital island flap and in the second case with thenar flap. The results were assessed 6 and 7 months after surgery. DISCUSSION: The primary aim of the surgical treatment of children with distal phalangeal defects is coverage of those defects. The restoration of the bone component of the defect is recommended to prevent postoperative deformations of the distal phalanges. Fingertip replantation or microsurgical transplantation of vascularized tissue complexes are technically difficult and require thorough care and monitoring of the childs condition in the postoperative period as all these measures may fail. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility to combine the scrap bone and nailbed graft with existing reliable surgical methods open new prospects for the successful treatment of fingertip injuries.

The study aimed to evaluate the presence of pili in non-invasive pediatric pneumococcal isolates and to elucidate possible links with genetic lineages, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance. We examined 147 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children with respiratory tract infections and acute otitis media. Serotyping was performed by latex agglutination and capsule swelling reaction. Serogroup 6 was subjected to PCR-serotyping. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined according to EUCAST breakpoints. PCRs for rlrA and pitB genes were performed to detect a presence of type 1 and type 2 pili. MLST was conducted to define the clonal structure of the piliated strains. Almost all children (96.5%) were vaccinated with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCV10. We detected 76.8% non-PCV10 – serotypes (NVTs) and 14.3% PCV10 serotypes. The predominant serotypes were NVTs: 19A (14.3%), 6C (12.2%), 3 (9.5%), 15A (7.5%) and 6A (6.8%). PI-1 was detected among 10.9% non-PCV10 serotypes 6A, 6C, and 19A and 6.1% PCV10 serotypes 19F and 23F. Type 2 pili were not found in the studied population. High levels of antimicrobial nonsusceptibility to erythromycin (58.5%), oral penicillin (55.8%), clindamycin (46.9%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (45.6%), tetracycline (39.5%) and ceftriaxone (16.3%) were revealed. The multidrug-resistant strains (MDR) were 55.1%. MLST represented 18 STs and three CCs among the piliated pneumococci: CC386, CC320, and CC81. More than half of the piliated strains (56.0%) belonged to successfully circulating international clones. PI-1 was associated mainly with MDR 6A, 6C, 19A, 19F, and 23F isolates from the widespread CC386, CC320, and CC81.

The present study aims to present and compare the sounds produced by the representatives of the family Canidae, in particular the genus Canis, in terms of their amplitude and frequency characteristics. The results show that the power generated by the vocal apparatus of wolves is the greatest, compared to that of the domestic dog and the jackal, in which they are the lowest, presented in dB. The reflected values for the frequency characteristic of the sound signals in these three representatives of the genus Canis are inversely related – highest in jackals, again average in dogs and lowest in wolves., {"references":["Kostov, Y., V. Alexandrova, V. Peycheva. (2009). Animal language is like telegraph signals. Veterinarnomedicinski novini, 3, 26–28.","Kostov, Y., V. Aleksandrova. (2011). Methods for decoding and demodulating the language of animals. Zhivotnov'dni nauki, 2, xlviii, 38-42.","Alexandrova V., Spiridonova P. (2021). Amplitude and frequency modulation – a characteristic of canine soundgrams. Tradition and modernity in veterinary medicine, vol. 6, No 2(11): 15–20.","Alexandrova, V., & Kostov, Y. (2010). Language soundgrams of some domestic animals and birds. Zhivotnov'dni nauki, 1, xlvii, 64–68.","Alexandrova, V., Nikolova, N., Rumenova, I., Georgiev, G., & Hristakiev, L. (2015). Can we accept the sounds made by animals to be perfect in their formation illustrated in soundgrams.","Cohen, J.A., & Fox, M.W. (1976). Vocalizations in wild canids and possible effects of domestication. Behavioural Processes, 1, 77–92.","Faragó, T., Andics, A., Devecseri, V., Kis, A., Gácsi, M., & Miklósi, Á. (2014). Humans rely on the same rules to assess emotional valence and intensity in conspecific and dog vocalizations. Biology letters, 10.","Feddersen-Petersen, D. (2000). Vocalization of European wolves (canis lupus lupus L.) and various dog breeds (canis lupus f. Fam.). Archives animal breeding, 43, 387–398.","Hennelly, L., Habib, B., Root-gutteridge, H., Palacios, V., & Passilongo, D. (2017). Howl variation across himalayan, north african, indian, and holarctic wolf clades: tracing divergence in the world's oldest wolf lineages using acoustics. Current zoology, 63, 341–348.","Hull, C., Mccombe, C., & Dassow, A. (2020). Acoustic identification of wild gray wolves, canis lupus, using low quality recordings. The journal of undergraduate research, 16, 41–49.","Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). (2023) on-line database, www.itis.gov, CC0 https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK","Kershenbaum, A., Root-gutteridge, H., Habib, B., Koler-matznick, J., & Waller, S. (2016). Disentangling canid howls across multiple species and subspecies: structure in a complex communication channel. Behavioural processes, 124, 149–157.","Kostov, Y. (2012). The language of some wild predators in soundgrams (spectrograms).","Kostov, Y. and V. Alexandrova. (2010). How Animals Talk. Publ. House Eniovche, Sofia, 112 pp.","Kostov, Y., & Alexandrova, V. (2009). How to recognize (decode) animal language. Bulgarian journal of agricultural science, 15, 475–477.","Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. (2023). The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed at https://animaldiversity.org.","Palacios, V., Font, E., & Márquez, R. (2007). Iberian wolf howls: acoustic structure, individual variation, and a comparison with north american populations","Passilongo, D., Buccianti, A., Dessì-fulgheri, F., Gazzola, A., Zaccaroni, M., & Apollonio, M. (2010). The acoustic structure of wolf howls in some eastern tuscany (central italy) free ranging packs. Bioacoustics, 19, 159–175.","Pavlina Spiridonova, & Violeta Alexandrova. (2020). Evidence for accuracy of applied method in decoding sound signals. Tradition and modernity in veterinary medicine, 5(2), 65–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4317753.","Plotsky, K. (2013). Radiographic analysis of canine vocal tract anatomy and its implications for human language origins.","Yin S. (2002). A new perspective on barking in dogs (canis familiaris). J comp psychol. 116(2):189– 93. Doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.116.2.189. Pmid: 12083615."]}

The Sofia (Elin-Pelin) breed is a local Bulgarian breed with a reduced population and poorly studied possibilities for cryotolerance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation on sperm parameters – total motility (TM), velocity parameters and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. Sperm motility and velocity parameters were examined by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). LPO levels were determined spectrophotometrically. As a result, we found a decrease in sperm TM after thawing from 99.01±0.68% to 71.92±5.12%, which is acceptable for artificial insemination and a slight increase in LPO levels from 0.86±0.23 nmoles MDA/10x106 sp. to 1.44±0.37 nmoles MDA/10x106 sp. after thawing. In conclusion from the conducted studies sperm from the Sofia (Elin-Pelin) breed showed good cryotolerance with a low percentage of damage after thawing, with which we believe that cryopreservation would be a suitable method for breeding and preserving this breed., {"references":["Álvarez, J., Storey, B. (1993). Evidence that membrane stress contributes more than lipid peroxydation to sublethal cryodamage in cryopreserved human sperm: glycerol and other polyols as sole cryoprotectant. Journal of Andrology, 14 (3) 199–209.","Andrabi, S., Maxwell, W. (2007). A review on reproductive biotechnologies for conservation of endangered mammalian species. Animal Reproduction Science, 99: 223–243.","Andreeva, M., Alexandrova, A., Tsvetanova E., Metodiev N., Stefanov R. (2021). Еffect of the breed on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes – SOD and CAT in ram sperm, before and after cryopreservation. Tradition and Modernity in Veterinary Medicine, 6 (2): 28–33.","Andreeva, M., Metodiev, N., Taushanova, P., Stefanov, R. (2018). Influence of cryopreservation on the velocity parameters of spermatozoa from breeds of Lacaune and Ile-de-France sheep. Comptes rendus de l'Acad´emie bulgare des Sciences, 71 (12): 1719–1725.","Asadpour, R., Pourseif, M.M., Moghaddam, G.H., Tayefi, H. (2012). Activity of antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde in seminal plasma and theirrelationship with semen characteristics in crossbred rams. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 82 (7): 710 – 712.","Asaduzzaman, M., Jha, P.K., Saha, A., Akter, S., Alam, Md.G.S., Bari, F.Y. (2021). Assessment of Semen Quality of Two Ram Breeds at Pre-freeze Stage of Cryopreservation. International Journal of Livestock Research, 11(2): 37–44.","Cassou, R. (1964). La method des paillettes en plastique et son adaption la generalion la generalization de la congelation. C.R. Acad/ Agric., 50: 881–887.","Chervenkov, M., Daskalova, D., Kirilova, I., Kolev, A., Kukov, A. (2012). Investigation of the basic sperm parameters in three endangered, indigenous sheep breeds from western Bulgaria. Tradition and Modernity in veterinary medicine, In Proceeding, 63–70.","Holt, W. V., (2000). Basic aspects of frozen storage semen. Animal Reproduction Science, 62: 3– 22.","Hunter, F.E., Jr., Gebicki, J.M., Hoffsten, P., Weinstein, J., Scott, A. (1963). Swelling and lysis of rat liver mitochondria induced by ferrous ions. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 238: 828–835.","Ivanova, M., Gradinarska, D., Yotov, S., Abadjieva, D., Tzvetkov, Ts., Mladenova, V., Kistanova, E. (2019). Effect of different breeds on the protein profile in ram seminal plasma. Bulgarian Journal of Medicine, 24 (3):355–364.","Kasimanickam, R., Pelzer, K., Kasimanickam, V., Swecker, W., Thatcher, C. (2006). Association of classical semen parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation index, lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant enzymatic activity of semen in ram-lambs. Theriogenology, 65 (7) 1407–1421","Kurmi, D., Sinha, M., Kumar, R., Hazarika, S., Dewry, R., Gohain, S. (2018). Effect of Vitamin E on the Quality of Frozen Ram Semen. Theriogenology, 8 (1):b39–43.","Len J., Koh W., Tan S. (2019). The roles of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in cryopreservation. Bioscience reports, 39 (8):BSR20191601. Doi: 10.1042/BSR20191601.","Liu, X., Xu, Y., Liu, F., Pan, Y., Miao, L., Zhu, Q., Tan, S. (2021). The Feasibility of Antioxidants Avoiding Oxidative Damages from Reactive Oxygen Species in Cryopreservation. Frontiers in Chemistry, 9:648684. Doi: 10.3389/fchem.2021.648684.","Mahmuda, B., Nesa, A., Zohara, B., Alam, M., Bari, F. (2015). Effect of preservation time on the quality of frozen semen in indigenous rams. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science, 44 (1), 10–15.","Mojica-Villegas, M., Izquierdo-Vega, J., Charmorro-Cevallos, G., Sánchez-Gutiérrez, M. (2014). Protective effect of resveratrol on biomarkers of oxidative stress induced by iron/ascorbate in mouse spermatozoa. Nutrients, 6 (2) 489–503","Nijs, M., Cremers, E., Cox, A., Janssen, M., Vanheusden, E., Castro-Sanchez, Y., Thijs, H., Ombelet, W. (2009). Influence of freeze-thawing on hyaluronic acid binding of human spermatozoa. Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 19 (2): 202–206.","Sabkov H., Stoycheva S., Ivanova T. (2017). Trends in the development of sheepbreeding and approach for introduction of machine milking of sheep in R.Bulgaria. Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans, 20 (5), 1–17.","Salamon, S., Maxwell, W.M.C. (1995). Frozen storage of ram semen: II. Causes of low fertility after cervical insemination and methods of improvement. Animal Reproduction Science 38: 1–36.","Salamon, S., Maxwell, W.M.C. (2000). Storage of ram semen. Animal Reproduction Science, 62: 77–111.","Sharma, V. (2011). Sperm storage for cancer patients in the uk: A review of current practice. Human Reproduction, 26:2935–2943.","Simões, R., Feitosa, W. B., Siqueira, A.F.P., Nichi, M., Paula-Lopes, F.F., Marques, M.G., Peres, M.A., Barnabe, V. H., Visintin, J. A., Assumpção, M. (2013). Influence of bovine sperm DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress on early embryo in vitro development outcome. Reproduction, 146 (5) 433–441.","Zhelev, K., Bachvarova, S., Georgiev, V., Boycheva, E., Petrov, D., Georgieva, E., Yordanov, G., Tanchev, I. (2009). Genetic Resources of the Animal Husbandry in R.Bulgaria MZH – Executive Agency for Selection and Reproduction in Animal Husbandry, 96"]}

We study solar wind magnetic turbulence with Parker Solar Probe during its first perihelion (at 0.17 au), from MHD to kinetic plasma scales. Using Morlet wavelet decomposition, we detect intermittent coherent structures, appearing as localized in time energetic events and covering a large range of scales. This implies the presence of embedded coherent structures from MHD down to sub-ion scales. For example, we observe a current sheet at MHD scales ($\sim 200$ s) with magnetic fluctuations inherent for a magnetic vortex at ion scales ($\sim 1$ s) and at sub-ion scales ($\sim 0.1$ s). The amplitude anisotropy of magnetic fluctuations is analyzed within nearly (i) $200$ structures at MHD scales, (ii) $\sim 2 \cdot 10^3$ events at ion scales and (iii) $\sim 10^4$ events at sub-ion scales. We compare it with crossings of model structures, such as Alfvén vortices, current sheets and magnetic holes, along the trajectories with various impact parameters. From this comparison, we conclude that at MHD and ion scales the majority of the structures are incompressible and represent mainly dipole Alfvén vortices (>80 %), monopole Alfvén vortices (, Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal, 25 pages, 15 figures

Chronic HIV infection is characterized by persistent inflammation despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Cannabinoids may help reduce systemic inflammation in people with HIV (PWH). To assess the effects of oral cannabinoids during HIV, ten PWH on ART were randomized (n = 5/group) to increasing doses of oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): cannabidiol (CBD) combination (2.5:2.5–15:15 mg/day) capsules or CBD-only (200–800 mg/day) capsules for 12 weeks. Blood specimens were collected prospectively 7–21 days prior to treatment initiation and at weeks 0 to 14. Plasma cytokine levels were determined via Luminex and ELISA. Immune cell subsets were characterized by flow cytometry. HIV DNA/RNA were measured in circulating CD4 T-cells and sperm by ultra-sensitive qPCR. Results from both arms were combined for statistical analysis. Plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β, sTNFRII, and REG-3α were significantly reduced at the end of treatment (p ˂ 0.05). A significant decrease in frequencies of PD1+ memory CD4 T-cells, CD73+ regulatory CD4 T-cells, and M-DC8+ intermediate monocytes was also observed (p ˂ 0.05), along with a transient decrease in CD28–CD57+ senescent CD4 and CD8 T-cells. Ki-67+ CD4 T-cells, CCR2+ non-classical monocytes, and myeloid dendritic cells increased over time (p ˂ 0.05). There were no significant changes in other inflammatory markers or HIV DNA/RNA levels. These findings can guide future large clinical trials investigating cannabinoid anti-inflammatory properties.

HelioSwarm (HS) is a NASA Medium-Class Explorer mission of the Heliophysics Division designed to explore the dynamic three-dimensional mechanisms controlling the physics of plasma turbulence, a ubiquitous process occurring in the heliosphere and in plasmas throughout the universe. This will be accomplished by making simultaneous measurements at nine spacecraft with separations spanning magnetohydrodynamic and sub-ion spatial scales in a variety of near-Earth plasmas. In this paper, we describe the scientific background for the HS investigation, the mission goals and objectives, the observatory reference trajectory and instrumentation implementation before the start of Phase B. Through multipoint, multiscale measurements, HS promises to reveal how energy is transferred across scales and boundaries in plasmas throughout the universe., Submitted to Space Science Reviews, 60 pages, 15 figures, 2 videos

The largely uncharted complexation chemistry of the veterinary polyether ionophores, monensic and salinomycinic acids (HL) with metal ions of type M4+ and the known antiproliferative potential of antibiotics has provoked our interest in exploring the coordination processes between MonH/SalH and ions of Ce4+. (1) Methods: Novel monensinate and salinomycinate cerium(IV)-based complexes were synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, a plethora of physicochemical methods, density functional theory, molecular dynamics, and biological assays. (2) Results: The formation of coordination species of a general composition [CeL2(OH)2] and [CeL(NO3)2(OH)], depending on reaction conditions, was proven both experimentally and theoretically. The metal(IV) complexes [CeL(NO3)2(OH)] possess promising cytotoxic activity against the human tumor uterine cervix (HeLa) cell line, being highly selective (non-tumor embryo Lep-3 vs. HeLa) compared to cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and epirubicin.

Dexamethasone (DXM) is a highly potent and long-acting synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and immunosuppressive effects. However, the systemic application of DXM can cause undesirable side effects: sleep disorders, nervousness, heart rhythm disorders, heart attack, and others. In the present study, multicomponent polymer networks were developed as potential new platforms for the dermal application of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP). First, a copolymer network (CPN) comprising hydrophilic segments of different chemical structures was synthesized by applying redox polymerization of dimethyl acrylamide onto poly(ethylene glycol) in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as a crosslinker. On this basis, an interpenetrating polymer network structure (IPN) was obtained by introducing a second network of PEGDA-crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Multicomponent networks obtained were characterized by FTIR, TGA, and swelling kinetics in different solvents. Both CPN and IPN showed a high swelling degree in aqueous media (up to 1800 and 1200%, respectively), reaching the equilibrium swelling within 24 h. Additionally, IPN showed temperature-responsive swelling in an aqueous solution as the equilibrium swelling degree decreased considerably with an increase in the temperature. In order to evaluate the networks’ potential as drug carriers, swelling in DSP aqueous solutions of varied concentration was investigated. It was established that the amount of encapsulated DSP could be easily controlled by the concentration of drug aqueous solution. In vitro DSP release was studied in buffer solution (BS) with pH 7.4 at 37 °C. The results obtained during DSP loading and release experiments proved the feasibility of the developed multicomponent hydrophilic polymer networks as effective platforms for potential dermal application.

The superconducting hydrides LaH10, EuH9 and UH8 are studied using chemically intuitive bonding analysis of periodic and molecular models. We find trends in the crystallographic and electronic structures of the materials by focusing on chemically meaningful building blocks in the predicted H sublattices. Atomic charge calculations, using two complementary techniques, allow us to assign oxidation states to the metals and divide the H sublattice into neutral and anionic components. Cubic [H8]q- clusters are an important structural motif, and molecular orbital analysis of this cluster in isolation shows the crystal structures to be consistent with our oxidation state assignments. Crystal orbital Hamilton population analysis confirms the applicability of the cluster model to the periodic electronic structure. A Jahn-Teller distortion predicted by MO analysis rationalises the distortion observed in a prior study of EuH9. The impact of this distortion on superconductivity is determined, and implications for crystal structure prediction in other metal-hydrogen systems are discussed. Additionally, the performance of electronic structure analysis methods at high pressures are tested and recommendations for future studies are given. These results demonstrate the value of simple bonding models in rationalizing chemical structures under extreme conditions.