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L'emergenza Covid-19 ha interessato i Comuni del Mezzogiorno in una fase caratterizzata da condizioni di bilancio critiche, soprattutto per gli enti di maggiori dimensioni. Dal lato delle entrate, le municipalità meridionali sono storicamente caratterizzate da una forte dipendenza dai trasferimenti erariali a fronte di una modesta base imponibile dei tributi locali e di una scarsa capacità di riscossione. Dal lato delle spese, a maggiori difficoltà di realizzazione degli investimenti rispetto al resto del Paese si accompagna una quota elevata di spesa corrente assorbita da voci difficilmente comprimibili (personale, onere del debito e ripiano dei disavanzi). La contrazione delle risorse statali nell'ultimo decennio ha ulteriormente limitato la spesa per investimenti e il livello dei servizi offerti che, per una larga parte dei Comuni meridionali, appare inadeguato rispetto ai bisogni della collettività. Le condizioni di bilancio sono peggiorate, con percentuali di enti in disavanzo o in situazioni di dissesto finanziario ampiamente superiori alla media nazionale; l'introduzione della nuova contabilità armonizzata ha contribuito a far emergere le criticità accumulate. I finanziamenti governativi volti a compensare i Comuni delle perdite di gettito e delle maggiori spese indotte dalla crisi pandemica hanno ampiamente superato i loro fabbisogni finanziari, favorendo un generalizzato miglioramento, ancorché temporaneo, delle condizioni di bilancio. In prospettiva, tutta- via, le difficoltà finanziarie dei Comuni meridionali potranno essere superate solo con il completamento di un sistema perequativo che tenga pienamente conto degli effettivi fabbisogni di spesa (da definire in funzione dei Livelli essenziali delle prestazioni) e delle basi imponibili locali, il rafforzamento della capacità di riscos- sione degli enti e un uso più efficiente delle risorse. Primi passi in questa direzione si sono concretizzati nell'ultimo biennio; uno stimolo al riavvio del processo di riforma federalista, con particolare riguardo alla perequazione di tipo infrastrutturale, potrebbe derivare dall'attuazione del Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza.

BioLaw Journal - Rivista di BioDiritto, N. 1 (2023)

Os estudos sobre a governança da coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos urbanos nas cidades brasileiras e, especialmente, na Macrometrópole Paulista registram lacunas, reforçando a necessidade de estudos neste campo. Sendo assim, este artigo tem por objetivo caracterizar os atores e relações presentes na governança da coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos urbanos no município de São Paulo. Foram utilizadas revisão de literatura de fontes secundárias, pesquisa documental e tecnologias de software para a construção do mapa de atores como estratégia metodológica. Entre os resultados, foram identificados grupos de atores e seus vínculos na governança da coleta seletiva do município de São Paulo, expostos no mapa “Atores e relações de governança na coleta seletiva no município de São Paulo”. Nesse contexto, este estudo revelou que o elemento relacional do padrão de governança da coleta seletiva pode ser caracterizado como uma ampla rede de atores diversos, vagamente centrada no tecido relacional do Estado.

espanolLas razones por las cuales el programa Health 2020 de la Oficina Europea de la OMS incluyo en 2012 el fortalecimiento de la resiliencia entre sus cuatro prioridades se han vuelto dramaticamente evidentes en nuestros esfuerzos diarios para enfrentar la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19. La resiliencia se configura ademas como un requisito previo fundamental no solo para la promocion de la salud, sino para el cumplimiento de la Agenda 2030 y los ODS en su conjunto. La resiliencia nos brinda oportunidades para un cambio positivo, ambientalmente sostenible y duradero ante la cambiante realidad que nos rodea. EnglishThe reasons why the WHO European Office's Health 2020 programme included strengthening resilience among its top four priorities in 2012 have become dramatically evident, as we make daily efforts to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Resilience is also established as a fundamental prerequisite not only to boost health but also to fulfil the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs as a whole. Resilience provides us with opportunities for positive, environmentally sustainable, and lasting change in the face of the changing reality that surrounds us.

Background: Multisite pacing strategies that improve response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) have been proposed. Current available options are pacing 2 electrodes in a multipolar lead in a single vein (multipoint pacing [MPP]) and pacing using 2 leads in separate veins (multizone pacing [MZP]). Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare in a systematic manner the acute hemodynamic response (AHR) and electrophysiological effects of MPP and MZP and compare them with conventional biventricular pacing (BiVP). Methods: Hemodynamic and electrophysiological effects were evaluated in a porcine model of acute left bundle branch block (LBBB) (n = 8). AHR was assessed as LVdP/dtmax. Activation times were measured using >100 electrodes around the epicardium, measuring total activation time (TAT) and left ventricular activation time (LVAT). Results: Compared to LBBB, BiVP, MZP, and MPP reduced TAT by 26% ± 10%, 32% ± 13%, and 32% ± 14%, respectively (P = NS between modes) and LVAT by 4% ± 5%, 11% ± 5%, and 12% ± 5%, respectively (P 5 cm vs

Waste of high-cost medicines, such as orphan drugs, is a major problem in healthcare, which leads to excessive costs for treatments. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a vial-sharing strategy for patisiran, an orphan drug used for the treatment of hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis, in terms of a reduction in the discarded drug amount and cost savings. The retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary referral center (Emilia-Romagna, Italy), between February 2021 and November 2022. Data on drug waste were calculated as “(mg used–mg prescribed)/mg prescribed” for each session. We found a statistically significant (−9.14%, p < 0.001, 95% CI 5.87–12.41) absolute difference in mean discarded drug rates per session based on the study phase (before and after vial-sharing introduction) at the two-sample t-test. The absolute difference corresponded to a percentage decrease in the average reduction in the discarded drug rate with vial sharing of 82.96% per session. On an annual scale, the estimated cost savings was EUR 26,203.80/year for a patient with a standard body weight of 70 kg. In conclusion, we demonstrated that a patisiran vial-sharing program undoubtedly offsets some of the high costs associated with this treatment. We suggest that this easy-to-introduce and cost-effective approach can be applied to the administration of other high-cost drugs.

SARS-Cov-2 is a perfect example of the intimate relationship between human, animal and environmental health. Circular health goes beyond the biomedical concept of health, operating on the interface between individuals, microorganisms and ecosystems. The World Health Organization endorses this concept and stresses the importance of protecting the environment and addressing and reversing the negative impact of climate change. The application of circular health to the governance for population health is based on protection of all forms of life, interdisciplinarity, involvement of all of society, big data, artificial intelligence, and correct scientific information. It also considers a combination of health, environmental, social and economic problems caused by the synergistic interaction between the acute diseases - in this case caused by SARS-Cov-2, and a number of non-transmittable chronic pathologies. Disinformation and misuse of social media could be more dangerous for the pandemic's development than the virus itself. The adoption of circular health is an urgent necessity in restructuring development policies and making them more effective and sustainable, and protecting and promoting individual and collective health. Within public health, circular health should urgently become the mainstream approach to prevent pandemics and other health hazards. Given the many social, economic, and cultural changes undergoing in the countries of the South-Eastern European Network the conceptual and policy framework related to circular health could be of great value in further advancing progress in this part of Europe., South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH), Special Volume No. 1, 2022: The Population's Health: Could South Eastern Europe Do Better?

Dual chamber leadless pacemakers are multi-unit, battery-driven implants utilized for treating patients with bradyarrhythmias and sino-atrial dysfunctions. Establishing synchronization between the units provides coordination between the atrium and ventricular contraction, and this mechanism depletes battery energy. Due to implant size constraints, reducing the synchronization energy consumed to enhance the lifetime of the implant is crucial. In this paper, a set of strategies are proposed and evaluated to indicate the best strategy to enhance the lifetime of atrial unit based on the patient's heart condition. Beat selective pulse transmission is employed instead of pulse tr 4?0ansmission on every beat to reduce energy consumption. The characteristics of interbeat contraction timing of the atrium and ventricle from the patient data is modeled as time series. The designed model is extended to model synchronization strategies with sufficient synchronization accuracy and reduction in energy consumption. It is found that the implant lifetime is dependent on the natural atrial contraction probability, which is patient specific. A relation between the transmission duty-cycle and natural atrial contraction probability is derived for all the strategies, and this analysis is used in a case study to quantify the longevity. The proposed strategies show improved lifetime in comparison to the reference strategy. In the case study, for natural atrial contraction probability of 0.1, longevity is increased by two orders in relation to the reference strategy with the longevity of 4 years. However, there is no one best strategy; instead, the most energy-efficient strategy is determined from patient's natural atrial contraction probability and tolerance to suboptimal coordination.

Networks of nongovernmental organizations dedicated to socio-environmental issues have emerged in recent decades. The involvement of these networks in the international sphere has enabled new approaches to international cooperation. This article introduces the concept of international cooperation and the Global Alliance for Recycling and Sustainable Development (GARSD), a socio-environmental network created by a coalition of NGOs dedicated to promoting recycling of municipal solid waste. This article is the result of a doctoral study conducted using documentary analysis, participant observation and other qualitative data collection methods. The study conclusively finds that it is neessary to analyze the work of these non-state actors within the context of international cooperation between nation states and the possibility of (re)creating political-territorial arrangements, such as networks comprising a variety of actors especially geared towards socio-environmental issues. &nbsp, Durante as últimas décadas, surgiram redes de organizações não governamentais que se dedicam aos temas socioambientais. O envolvimento dessas redes com a esfera internacional ocasiona novas abordagens para a cooperação internacional. Apresentar o conceito de cooperação internacional e a rede socioambiental Global Alliance for Recycling and Sustainable Development - GARSD é o objetivo deste artigo. A GARSD, é resultado da coalização de organizações não governamentais dedicadas à promoção da reciclagem de resíduos sólidos urbanos. O artigo é o resultado de pesquisa realizada em processo de doutoramento, que utilizou por procedimentos metodológicos a análise documental, pesquisa participante e a coleta de dados de abordagem qualitativa. Conclusivamente, torna-se inerente analisar as atuações destes atores não estatais diante das relações de cooperação internacional estabelecidas entre Estados Nacionais na possibilidade para a (re)criação de arranjos político-territoriais como a construção de redes entre os diversos atores, especialmente, nos temas socioambientais. &nbsp

Usually the water content of petroleum sludges is significantly high and its removal is of great importance due to the reduction of the amount of sludge to be treated, as well as of the respective needed energy. In this work, three different separation methods were used to decrease the water content of the studied sludge: filtration, centrifugation and simultaneous filtration and evaporation, the last of which was the most efficient. Pyrolysis kinetic data were obtained for each resulting product by thermal analysis in aluminum crucibles by using lids with a pinhole. Heating rates of 2, 5 and 10 °C min−1 from ambient temperature up to 600 °C were used under 100 mL min−1 nitrogen flow. Ozawa–Flynn–Wall with Doyle approximation, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose and Blazejowski isoconversional methods were applied to calculate the activation energies of the initial evaporation and further pyrolysis stages. The samples with the highest residual water contents were the centrifuged and filtered ones, which show a similar discontinuity of their increasing activation energy, right after their first heating stage, during which water was totally released simultaneously to the lighter organic components, a fact that does not happen with the sludge resulting from filtration and natural evaporation, due to its very low water content. It was also noticed that for all studied conversion degrees, the activation energies of the centrifuged sludge were much higher than those of the other two treated samples, due to the sludge structure compaction during centrifugation, which caused the necessity of a much higher energy to vaporize or to pyrolyze its components.

Orientador: Maria Domingues Vargas Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica Doutorado

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): H2020-FTI [Fast Track to Innovation] Pilot-2016 and MicroPort CRM Background Left ventricular (LV) lead positioning is an important contributor to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response. Multiple additional LV sites could be stimulated by passing a new ultra-thin (1.2 Fr, 0.4 mm) quadripolar microlead from one LV vein into another via venous collaterals. Purpose Study the acute and chronic stability and electrical pacing performance of a novel 1.2 Fr quadripolar microlead ("Axone 4LV"). Methods Seven healthy adult dogs underwent CRT defibrillator implantation, including a right ventricular lead and the microlead. The microlead was advanced into the coronary sinus network using a dedicated microguide catheter. The animals were followed up at 1, 15, 30 and 90 days post-implant to evaluate chronic stability and electrical pacing performance. Results Successful uncomplicated implantation was achieved in all cases. Despite the small diameter of the distal veins and collaterals, placement of the pacing electrodes in two different LV veins was feasible via available collateral passages. Lead position was stable in all cases and over the entire study period. Capture threshold and pacing impedance at 90 days post-implant were 1.7 ± 0.5 V with 1323 ± 245 Ω, respectively, at 0.5 ms pulse width. The mean pacing energy to get capture was 1.1 ± 0.5 µJ and less than 2 µJ in all cases (2 µJ ≈ 1.4 V @500 Ω, 0.5 ms). No phrenic nerve stimulation was observed during pacing. Conclusions The novel 1.2 Fr quadripolar microlead demonstrated adequate stability and good electrical performance allied to low energy consumption. This quadripolar microlead may extend pacing options while increasing device longevity in CRT. Changes in pacing parameters over time Post-implant Follow-up Pacing Threshold Pacing Impedance Pacing Energy 1 day 1.4 ± 0.7 V 1294 ± 270 Ω 0.8 ± 0.7 µJ 15 days 1.9 ± 0.9 V 1336 ± 274 Ω 1.8 ± 1.8 µJ 30 days 1.8 ± 0.7 V 1187 ± 303 Ω 1.5 ± 1.2 µJ 90 days 1.7 ± 0.5 V 1323 ± 245 Ω 1.1 ± 0.5 µJ

International audience; Background:Frequency and distribution of left ventricular (LV) venous collaterals were studied in vivo to evaluate the ease and feasibility of implanting a new ultra-thin LV quadripolar microlead for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Methods and Results:Evaluable venograms were analyzed to define the prevalence of venous collaterals (>0.5 mm diameter) between: (1) different LV segments; and (2) different major LV veins in: unselected patients who underwent CRT from 2008 to 2012 at Rouen Hospital, France (retrospective); and CRT patients from the Axone Acute pilot study in 2018 (prospective). In prospective patients with evaluable venograms, LV microlead implantation was attempted. Thirty-six (21/65 retrospective, 15/20 prospective) patients had evaluable venograms with ≥1 visible venous collaterals. Collaterals were found between LV veins in all CRT patients with evaluable venograms. Regionally, prevalence was highest between: the apical inferior and apical lateral (42%); and mid inferior and mid inferolateral (42%) segments. Collateral connections were most prevalent between: the inferior interventricular vein (IIV) and lateral vein (64% [23/36]); and IIV and infero-lateral vein (36% [13/36]). Cross-vein microlead implantation was possible in 18 patients (90%), and single-vein implantation was conducted in the other 2 patients (10%).Conclusions:Venous collaterals were found in vivo between LV veins in all CRT patients with evaluable venograms, making this network an option for accessing multiple LV sites using a single LV microlead.

El SARS-CoV-2 ejemplifica la íntima relación entre la salud humana, animal y ambiental. One Health va más allá del concepto biomédico de salud, centrándose en la interrelación entre individuos, microorganismos y ecosistemas. Su aplicación en la gobernanza sanitaria se basa en la interdisciplinariedad, la implicación de toda la sociedad, el big data, la inteligencia artificial y la información científica rigurosa. La adopción de One Health es una necesidad urgente para reestructurar las políticas de desarrollo y hacerlas más efectivas y sostenibles, y proteger y promover la salud individual y colectiva, en el sentido más amplio del concepto de bioética, tal como propugnaban Jahr o Potter, y de forma totalmente alineada con la Agenda 2030. SARS-CoV-2 exemplifies the close relationship between human, animal and environmental health. One Health goes beyond the biomedical concept of health to focus on the inter-connections between individuals, microorganisms, and ecosystems. Its application in healthcare governance is based on interdisciplinarity, the involvement of all sections of society, big data, artificial intelligence, and rigorous scientific data. One Health must be urgently adopted when restructuring development policies to make them more effective and sustainable, as well as protecting and promoting individual and collective health in the broadest bioethical sense, as advocated by Jahr or Potter and fully in line with the 2030 Agenda. Sin financiación No data JCR 2021 No data SJR 2021 0.110 IDR (2021) C2, 23/99 Filosofía UEC

Drought is a pivotal cause for crop yield reductions. When subjected to recurrent external stimuli, plants can develop memory of stress responses that, eventually, enables improved plant tolerance to environmental changes. In addition, despite causal relationships, these responses may vary according to hierarchical levels of observation. Thus, this study aims to check the responses of recurrent and non-recurrent stresses in two rice genotypes observing their drought memory responses at different levels of organization, that is, on a physiological, biochemical and metabolomic scale and for end in global PCA. For this, seventy variables were measured on the scales described in order to obtain a large number of observations. The memory responses were evident in almost all scales observed. The lowland genotype, especially plants not subjected to recurrent water shortage, showed higher damage to the photosynthetic apparatus under drought conditions, although it has exhibited more evident memory response effect after rehydration. On the other hand, the upland genotype appears to be more tolerant to drought insofar lower biochemical damage was observed. Specific behaviors of each genotype at biochemical and metabolomics levels and similar behavior at physiological level were observed. This study demonstrates the importance of observation at different hierarchical levels.

The Basel Convention (BC) states that the transboundary movement of wastes is only allowed if the wastes in question are required as a raw material. Any traffic of wastes in contravention of the Convention is considered criminal, resulting in illegal waste trafficking between countries. As signatory to the Convention, Brazil should take the necessary measures to regulate and monitor the transit of wastes for possible contraventions of the convention, such as the dumping of waste in its territorial seas. In light of the above, this bibliographic review provides an overview of the Basel Convention and documents the oil spill that occurred along the coast of Brazil in August 2019, seeking to theorize about the possibility of omission in relation to the Convention. O comércio internacional de resíduos é uma atividade praticada em âmbito global, porém, há de se afir­mar que a movimentação transfronteiriça de resíduos entre os países é considerada ilegal. Como resul­tado surge, no âmbito global, um comércio ilegal de lixo entre os países. Por outro lado, o trânsito de resíduos entre os países será permitido pela Convenção de Basileia (CB), quando for passível de uso como matéria-prima. Diante desse cenário, o presente artigo exibirá um panorama da Convenção de Basileia. O Brasil, signatário do documento, tem como premissa regular as atividades quanto ao trânsito de resíduos diante de possíveis ações que infiram na CB, como por exemplo, um possível despejamento de resíduos no mar territorial do país. Diante do apresentado, o artigo relata a poluição por óleo no litoral brasileiro, ocorrida em agosto de 2019. Como aspecto metodológico o artigo ampara-se em revisão documental e bibliográfica. Conclusivamente, apresenta-se um cenário sobre uma probabilidade de omissão da CB para os Estados Partes.

espanolEl 20 y el 21 de septiembre de 2018 tuve la oportunidad de facilitar una conferencia organizada por la Sociedad Espanola de Farmacia Familiar y Comunitaria (SEFAC) en Lanzarote, Espana. El titulo de dicha conferencia fue Salud publica y farmacia comunitaria como promotora de salud. Durante la conferencia en Lanzarote, mi objetivo fue ofrecer un marco de referencia util para fortalecer el papel de las farmacias comunitarias dentro de una estrategia solida de promocion de la salud relevante para el contexto de Canarias. En este articulo tocare y expandire algunas de las reflexiones que hice en esa conferencia, con un enfoque nacional y global. EnglishOn September 20 and 21, 2018, I had the opportunity to facilitate a conference organized by the Sociedad Espanola de Farmacia Familiar y Comunitaria [Spanish Society of Family and Community Pharmacy] (SEFAC) in Lanzarote, Spain. The title of this conference was Public Health and Community Pharmacy as Health Promoter. During the conference in Lanzarote, my objective was to offer a reference standard to strengthen the role of community pharmacies within a solid strategy of promoting health relevant to the context of the Canary Islands. In this article I will cover and explore reflections made in this conference, with a national and global focus.

L’articolo presenta un modello di formazione che è stato collaudato in trent’anni di esperienze formative: insegnanti, medici e infermiere ospedalieri, farmacisti, personale delle carceri, poliziotti, funzionari di polizia e alta dirigenza della Polizia di Stato, suscitando non solo ammirazione ma entusiasmo da parte di coloro che vi partecipavano, sentendosi protagonisti e non solo spettatori. E’ un modello universale applicabile a tutte le professioni e secondo gli epistemologi della scienza, trovare un modello o una legge universale, significa scoprire una teoria scientifica. In questo articolo vengono individuati tre momenti fondamentali per realizzare una formazione coinvolgente, basata sulle didattiche attive.

Background. Quality improvement is an increasingly recognized approach to maximize service effectiveness and minimize costs in public health. However, the Italian law never provided for the institutional accreditation of vaccination services. Furthermore, a recently approved law added six more compulsory vaccinations to the original four, which has led to a considerable increase in vaccination efforts, without any previous resources evaluation. The aim of the study was to investigate structural, organizational and managerial characteristics of the Italian vaccination services, in order to suggest the adoption of adequate quality standards. Study design. A survey involving the representatives of the Italian Regions and Autonomous Provinces was performed between September 2017 and September 2018. Methods. An online questionnaire, including 26 items, designed to evaluate the structural, organizational and managerial characteristics of vaccination services was administered. The correlation between the number of vaccination centres and the coverage for each region was used to evaluate the performance of the vaccination services. Results. Respondents from seven Regions, totaling >15,000,000 inhabitants, answered the questionnaire. Overall, each vaccination service was potentially accessed by an average of 519 children aged zero to 24 months, with a β-coefficient of-0.87 (p = 0.01) for infant vaccination coverage in 2016. Eighty-five percent of vaccination services were provided with architectural features to accommodate the disabled but only 49% provided reserved parking lots. An average of 0.4 physicians and 0.6 other healthcare workers per 10,000 inhabitants were employed in vaccination services, with complete computerization in 74% of them. Conclusions. The inverse relation between vaccination services' spatial accessibility and vaccination coverage suggests that distance and accessibility of vaccination services should be considered in planning. This survey constitutes a baseline data for Italian vaccination services that could be useful for decision makers in establishing minimum requirements to provide high-quality preventive healthcare services.

Mixed monolayers were prepared using phospholipids in order to mimic cell membranes and fractions of capsaicinoids (extracted from Malagueta, Caps-M, and Bhut Jolokia, Caps-B, peppers). According to their surface-pressure isotherms and polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectra (PM-IRRAS), weak molecular-level interactions were observed between Caps and phospholipids. Both Caps-M and Caps-B penetrated into the alkyl tail region of the monolayer, interacted with the phosphate group of the phospholipids and affected hydration of their C O groups. Since the physiological activity of Caps is not governed solely by interaction with cell membranes, it should require participation of a neuronal membrane receptor, e.g. vanilloid receptor (TRPV1).

Sulla base di recenti informazioni, in questo articolo viene descritto un progetto di fondazione della Facoltà di Scienze dell’Educazione realizzato a Nampula, in Mozambico. Viene raccontata una storia che, al di là, di un impianto curricolare, pone l’accento su una metodologia etnografica trasversale a tutte le discipline evitando di compiere errori di imperialismi culturali. Ciò che viene messo in evidenza è la capacità di realizzare un progetto culturale di declinare le scienze dell’educazione in luoghi lontani dai contesti culturali occidentali grazie a una sensibilità di comparatisti. Based on recent information, this article describes the foundation project of the first Faculty of Education Sciences in Nampula, Mozambique. The story told, besides the curriculum planning, focuses on an ethnographic methodology transversal to all disciplines to avoid mistakes of cultural imperialism. What is highlighted is the ability to realize a cultural project of education science in places far from Western cultural contexts thanks to comparative awareness.

O comércio internacional de resíduos é uma atividade praticada em âmbito global, porém, há de se afir­mar que a movimentação transfronteiriça de resíduos entre os países é considerada ilegal. Como resul­tado surge, no âmbito global, um comércio ilegal de lixo entre os países. Por outro lado, o trânsito de resíduos entre os países será permitido pela Convenção de Basileia (CB), quando for passível de uso como matéria-prima. Diante desse cenário, o presente artigo exibirá um panorama da Convenção de Basileia. O Brasil, signatário do documento, tem como premissa regular as atividades quanto ao trânsito de resíduos diante de possíveis ações que infiram na CB, como por exemplo, um possível despejamento de resíduos no mar territorial do país. Diante do apresentado, o artigo relata a poluição por óleo no litoral brasileiro, ocorrida em agosto de 2019. Como aspecto metodológico o artigo ampara-se em revisão documental e bibliográfica. Conclusivamente, apresenta-se um cenário sobre uma probabilidade de omissão da CB para os Estados Partes.

O município de São Paulo (MSP) junto a Região Metropolitana constitui-se o maior complexo urbano da América Latina, com uma população de aproximadamente 12 milhões de habitantes. Essas informações iniciais constituem-se por si só indicadores importantes da complexidade imbuídos a essa grande área urbana no tocante às vulnerabilidades socioambientais. Pensando em atingir cidades mais sustentáveis, algo que converge aos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável da Organização das Nações Unidas em sua Agenda 2030, o MSP ainda apresenta grandes desafios nesse sentido, caracterizando-se por grande insustentabilidade, pois se verifica a prevalência de um processo de expansão e ocupação caracterizadas por baixa qualidade ambiental, que consequentemente reduz qualidade de vida para parcelas significativas da população. Os indicadores do ObservaSampa aqui trabalhados constituem-se representações quantitativas do Objetivos do Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM) para a realidade do MSP, para o ano de 2012 e 2015, sendo que estes foram adaptados para os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) - Agenda 2030. Esses indicadores apresentam espacialidades distintas, podendo representar avanços e/ou retrocessos, são eles: cobertura de consultas pré-natal para as mulheres usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS, incidência de dengue, proporção de partos normais, usuários do bolsa família e ingresso de crianças em idade pré-escolar. Neste sentido, o presente artigo visa colaborar para uma análise integrada de indicadores socioambientais, econômicos e de saúde do MSP, evidenciando os temas acima colocados. Para tanto, como proposta metodológica faz-se necessária a revisão bibliográfica bem como coleta de dados secundários disponíveis na plataforma ObservaSampa da cidade de São Paulo, podendo contribuir para análises de gestão socioambiental urbana e ordenamento territorial do MSP. La commune de São Paulo (MSP) est, avec sa région métropolitaine, la plus grande et complexe de l’Amérique Latine, avec une population d’environ 12 millions d´habitants. Ces informations initiales sont en soi d'importants indicateurs de la complexité de cette grande zone urbaine en ce qui concerne les vulnérabilités sociales et environnementales. Visant à atteindre la catégorie des villes plus durables, ce qui converge avec les objectifs de développement durable des Nations Unies dans son Agenda 2030, la MSP doit encore relever de grands défis dans ce sens, car elle se caractérise par une grande « insoutenabilité », en raison de la prévalence d’un processus d'expansion et d’occupation caractérisée par une faible qualité de l'environnement, ce qui en conséquence cause une faible qualité de vie pour une partie importante de la population. Les indicateurs du ObservaSampa ici présentés constituent des représentations quantitatives des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement (OMD) pour la réalité de la MSP entre 2012 et 2015, qui probablement feront partie des Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD) et de l'agenda pour 2030. Ces chiffres, comme n’importe quel autre indicateur, montrent des avancées et des reculs, pour quelques aspects de façon significative comme l'augmentation de la couverture des soins prénataux pour les femmes utilisatrices du système de santé - SUS, augmentation de l'incidence de la dengue, augmentation de la proportion d'accouchements normaux, l'expansion du nombre des bénéficiaires de la bourse famille (programme fédéral) et la scolarisation accrue de enfants d'âge préscolaire . Le présent article vise donc à développer une analyse de la MSP via des indicateurs sociaux et environnementaux économiques et sanitaires qui mettent en évidence les problèmes posés ci-dessus. Pour ce faire, comme proposition méthodologique, il est nécessaire de procéder à une révision bibliographique et à une collecte de données secondaires, afin de faire une sélection parmi une liste d'indicateurs socio-économiques et sanitaires. La collectes de données et d'indicateurs est donc une méthodologie d’analyse, de gestion et d'aménagement de la MSP et contient, en même temps, des propositions pour analyser la complexité des concepts ci mentionnés. The municipality of São Paulo (MSP) inside the metropolitan region is the largest urban complex in Latin America, with a population of approximately 12 million inhabitants. This initial information constitutes in itself important indicators of the complexity associated in this large urban area with regard to socio-environmental vulnerabilities. Thinking about to achieving more sustainable cities, something that converges with the United Nations Organization's sustainable development objectives in its Agenda 2030, the MSP still presents great challenges in this sense, being characterized by great unsustainability, as it is verified the prevalence of a process of expansion and occupation characterized by low environmental quality, which consequently reduces quality of life for significant portions of the population. ObservaSampa's indicators are quantitative representations of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for the reality of the MSP for 2012 and 2015, which have been adapted to the Sustainable Development Objectives (ODS) - Agenda 2030. These indicators present distinct spatiality, which may represent advances and / or regressions, such as coverage of prenatal consultations for women users of the Unified Health System (SUS), incidence of dengue fever, proportion of normal births, and entry of pre-school children. The article intends to help an integrated analysis of socio-environmental, economic and health indicators of the MSP, showing the above themes. Therefore, as a methodological proposal, it is necessary to review bibliographical data as well as secondary data collection available on the ObservaSampa database of the city of São Paulo. The authors offer, with these analyses, instruments to studies of socio-environmental urban management and spatial planning of the MSP.

Measuring cardiac hemodynamics subcutaneously offers a novel and minimally-invasive means of monitoring mechanical heart performance. Four accelerometer-based hemodynamic sensors were implanted at various subcutaneous sites of the thorax in one dog. Three of the sensors were on the tips of cardiac pacing leads, one was embedded inside an inactive pacemaker device can. The first heart sound could be well identified and its amplitude quantified in all subcutaneous sensors on a beat-to-beat basis. Its magnitude was comparable to that of the external signal, and about half that of the intracardiac signal. It also correlated well to cardiac contractility during transient pharmacologically induced hemodynamic challenges. This is the first evidence that heart sounds can be measured in the subcutaneous space to monitor heart function.

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 40037; published online: 04 January 2017; updated: 22 May 2018 The original version of this Article contained an error in Figure 7A, where the immunoblot of flotillin from HeLa was a duplicate of the immunoblot of flotillin from HeLa-LAI. This error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the Article and the figure has been appropriately delineated.

Fresh chili peppers (Malagueta, Red Savina and Bhut Jolokia) were used as natural finishing agents for Pinus sp. (Pinus). The solvent extraction of dried peppers produced a viscous liquid primarily containing capsicin, a pungent, lipophilic compound, and known as oleoresin capsicum (OC). Changes in surface wettability were monitored by the sessile-drop technique for samples treated with OC. The contact angles for untreated and treated Pinus provided the values of surface energy, with its polar and dispersive components, and polarity ratios. When treated with OC extracted from more pungent peppers, such as Bhut Jolokia, Pinus showed higher contact angles in non-polar probe liquids and higher polarity. The protective efficacy of OC was investigated against two wood-decay fungi, Paecilomyces variotii (soft-rot fungus) and Pycnoporus sanguineus (white-rot fungus). The treated samples, when submitted to fungal decay, exhibited reduced percentage of mass loss, which indicated that OC can afford surface protection under the conditions studied here. Changes in cellulose crystallinity were observed owing to distinct contributions from amorphous and crystalline zones of Pinus after fungal decay.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common epilepsy syndrome with a complex etiology. Despite evidence for the participation of genetic factors, the genetic basis of TLE remains largely unknown. A role for the galanin neuropeptide in the regulation of epileptic seizures has been established in animal models more than two decades ago. However, until now there was no report of pathogenic mutations in GAL, the galanin-encoding gene, and therefore its role in human epilepsy was not established. Here, we studied a family with a pair of monozygotic twins affected by TLE and two unaffected siblings born to healthy parents. Exome sequencing revealed that both twins carried a novel de novo mutation (p.A39E) in the GAL gene. Functional analysis revealed that the p.A39E mutant showed antagonistic activity against galanin receptor 1 (GalR1)-mediated response, and decreased binding affinity and reduced agonist properties for GalR2. These findings suggest that the p.A39E mutant could impair galanin signaling in the hippocampus, leading to increased glutamatergic excitation and ultimately to TLE. In a cohort of 582 cases, we did not observe any pathogenic mutations indicating that mutations in GAL are a rare cause of TLE. The identification of a novel de novo mutation in a biologically-relevant candidate gene, coupled with functional evidence that the mutant protein disrupts galanin signaling, strongly supports GAL as the causal gene for the TLE in this family. Given the availability of galanin agonists which inhibit seizures, our findings could potentially have direct implications for the development of anti-epileptic treatment.

The present study investigates the content and structure of the social representation (SR) that cognitive-behavioral (CBT) psychotherapists have of the therapeutic relationship (TR), through a discovery-oriented, mixed-methods approach. For this purpose, our reference point was social representation theory, in particular, the theory of the central nucleus (Abric, 2003; Moscovici, 1961). Data came from a sample of 63 CBT therapists. The results enabled us to identify a series of contents marking CBTs SR of the TR that overlap with the current pan-theoretical conceptualization of this construct. The results also allowed us to identify the complex, clear, and stratified organization of these contents, which are characteristics of a majority and of a minority of the sample studied. These results are discussed with regard of their theoretical, methodological, and practical implications. (PsycINFO Database Record

Low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) in localized prostate cancer is available since 15 years in Italy. We realized the first national multicentre and multidisciplinary data collection to evaluate LDR-BT practice, given as monotherapy, and outcome in terms of biochemical failure.Between May 1998 and December 2011, 2237 patients with early-stage prostate cancer from 11 Italian community and academic hospitals were treated with iodine-125 ((125)I) or palladium-103 LDR-BT as monotherapy and followed up for at least 2 years. (125)I seeds were implanted in 97.7% of the patients: the mean dose received by 90% of target volume was 145 Gy; the mean target volume receiving 100% of prescribed dose (V100) was 91.1%. Biochemical failure-free survival (BFFS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test and multivariable Cox regression were used to evaluate the relationship of covariates with outcomes.Median follow-up time was 65 months. 5- and 7-year DSS, OS and BFFS were 99 and 98%, 94 and 89%, and 92 and 88%, respectively. At multivariate analysis, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network score (p 0.0001) and V100 (p = 0.09) were correlated with BFFS, with V100 effect significantly different between patients at low risk and those at intermediate/high risk (p = 0.04). Short follow-up and lack of toxicity data represent the main limitations for a global evaluation of LDR-BT.This first multicentre Italian report confirms LDR-BT as an excellent curative modality for low-/intermediate-risk prostate cancer.Multidisciplinary teams may help to select adequately patients to be treated with brachytherapy, with a direct impact on the implant quality and, possibly, on outcome.

Per capire il ruolo dell'educazione comparata e la nascita di questa disciplina è importante ripercorrere alcune tappe evolutive. Nella preistoria di questa disciplina troviamo un fondamento basilare: nella scoperta delle altre culture, scopriamo la nostra identità culturale. Tuttavia ci sono ottiche diverse per approcciarsi alla comparazione: filosofica, storiografica, sociologica, antropoligica, ecc. e ogni ottica pone questioni diverse. Questo articolo infine si pone in una dimensione critica verso una internazionalizzazione che è diventata sinonimo di rinuncia alla propria identità culturale.

Si tratta di un breve trattato in cui viene elaborato l'atto fondativo di una nuova disciplina nel panorama delle scienze dell'educazione. A partire dalle scoperte del biologo cellulare Bruce Lipton, il testo i fondamenti biologici dei meccanismi cellulari che determinano le strutture cognitive e comportamentali degli individui. Ogni individuo, in ogni cultura, attraverso l'educazione, scarica programmi linguistici, cognitivi e di comportamento della propria cultura.

Although influenza vaccination is recognized to be safe and effective, recent studies have confirmed that immunization coverage among health care workers remain generally low, especially among medical residents (MRs). Aim of the present multicenter study was to investigate attitudes and determinants associated with acceptance of influenza vaccination among Italian MRs. A survey was performed in 2012 on MRs attending post-graduate schools of 18 Italian Universities. Each participant was interviewed via an anonymous, self-administered, web-based questionnaire including questions on attitudes regarding influenza vaccination. A total of 2506 MRs were recruited in the survey and 299 (11.9%) of these stated they had accepted influenza vaccination in 2011-2012 season. Vaccinated MRs were older (P = 0.006), working in clinical settings (P = 0.048), and vaccinated in the 2 previous seasons (P < 0.001 in both seasons). Moreover, MRs who had recommended influenza vaccination to their patients were significantly more compliant with influenza vaccination uptake in 2011-2012 season (P < 0.001). "To avoid spreading influenza among patients" was recognized as the main reason for accepting vaccination by less than 15% of vaccinated MRs. Italian MRs seem to have a very low compliance with influenza vaccination and they seem to accept influenza vaccination as a habit that is unrelated to professional and ethical responsibility. Otherwise, residents who refuse vaccination in the previous seasons usually maintain their behaviors. Promoting correct attitudes and good practice in order to improve the influenza immunization rates of MRs could represent a decisive goal for increasing immunization coverage among health care workers of the future. © 2014 Landes Bioscience.

Our work is concerned with a neural network with n nodes, where the activity of the k-th cell depends on external, stochastic inputs as well as the coupling generated by the activity of the adjacent cells, transmitted through a diffusion process in the network. This paper aims to throw some light on time-varying, stochastically perturbed, neuronal networks. We show that when the coefficients oscillate around a reference value, with oscillations that are almost periodic and suitably small in percentage, then there exists a unique solution for the system, that is almost periodic and uniformly bounded in the square-mean norm for all times.

Fornecer elementos para a análise da formação e da atuação de movimentos socioambientais e repensar as formas de gestão dos recursos naturais e os conflitos decorrentes que estão em andamento são justificativas para esse estudo. Pretende-se, assim, oferecer elementos que possam tanto contribuir com estudos de modelos de gestão de recursos naturais quanto subsidiar políticas de promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável regional. Dessa maneira, à luz dos conceitos "desenvolvimento sustentável" e "racionalidade ambiental", verificou-se a atuação do movimento socioambiental Confederación de Pueblos Indígenas de Bolivia - CIDOB, e sua influência sobre práticas sociais relacionadas à conservação e sustentabilidade dos recursos naturais. Para tanto, utilizou-se como metodologia de trabalho análise de bibliografia sobre o tema e documentos produzidos pela CIDOB, muitos deles acessados eletronicamente.

Provide inputs for the analysis of training and performance of environmental movements and rethink the ways of managing natural resources and conflicts arising that are in progress are justifications for this study. The aim is thus to offer both elements that can contribute to studies of models of natural resource management, as support future policies to promote sustainable regional development. Thus, in light of the concepts of sustainable development and environmental rationality, we tried to verify the performance of the Confederation of Indigenous People of Bolivia - CIDOB face to environmental issues and their influence on social practices related to the conservation and sustainability of natural resources. Therefore, it was used as working methodology analysis of literature on the topic and documents produced by CIDOB, many of them accessed electronically.

We prove that the mild solution to a semilinear stochastic evolution equation on a Hilbert space, driven by either a square integrable martingale or a Poisson random measure, is (jointly) continuous, in a suitable topology, with respect to the initial datum and all coefficients. In particular, if the leading linear operators are maximal (quasi-)monotone and converge in the strong resolvent sense, the drift and diffusion coefficients are uniformly Lipschitz continuous and converge pointwise, and the initial data converge, then the solutions converge.