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The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135–15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359–5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138–5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184–5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598–9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090–6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286–5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138–0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143–0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990). Graphical abstract

Multicenter contemporary data describing short-term outcomes after initial interventions of neonates with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) are limited. This multicenter study describes characteristics and outcomes of PA-IVS neonates after their initial catheter or surgical intervention and identifies factors associated with major adverse cardiac events (MACE).Neonates with PA-IVS who underwent surgical or catheter intervention between 2009 and 2019 in 19 centers were reviewed. Risk factors for MACE, defined as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical circulatory support, stroke, or in-hospital mortality, were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models.We reviewed 279 neonates: 79 (28%) underwent right ventricular decompression, 151 (54%) underwent systemic-to-pulmonary shunt or ductal stent placement only, 36 (13%) underwent right ventricular decompression with shunt or ductal stent placement, and 11 (4%) underwent transplantation. MACE occurred in 57 patients (20%): 26 (9%) received mechanical circulatory support, 37 (13%) received cardiopulmonary resuscitation, stroke occurred in 16 (6%), and 23 (8%) died. The presence of 2 major coronary artery stenoses (adjusted odds ratio, 4.99; 95% CI, 1.16-21.39) and lower weight at first intervention (adjusted odds ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.01-2.27) were significantly associated with MACE. Coronary ischemia was the most frequent presumed mechanism of death (n = 10).In a multicenter cohort, 1 in 5 neonates with PA-IVS experienced MACE after their initial intervention. Patients with 2 major coronary artery stenoses or lower weight at the time of the initial procedure were most likely to experience MACE and warrant vigilance during preintervention planning and postintervention management.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), a large class of chemicals that includes high production volume substances, have been used for decades as antimicrobials, preservatives, and antistatic agents and for other functions in cleaning, disinfecting, personal care products, and durable consumer goods. QAC use has accelerated in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the banning of 19 antimicrobials from several personal care products by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2016. Studies conducted before and after the onset of the pandemic indicate increased human exposure to QACs. Environmental releases of these chemicals have also increased. Emerging information on adverse environmental and human health impacts of QACs is motivating a reconsideration of the risks and benefits across the life cycle of their production, use, and disposal. This work presents a critical review of the literature and scientific perspective developed by a multidisciplinary, multi-institutional team of authors from academia, governmental, and nonprofit organizations. The review evaluates currently available information on the ecological and human health profile of QACs and identifies multiple areas of potential concern. Adverse ecological effects include acute and chronic toxicity to susceptible aquatic organisms, with concentrations of some QACs approaching levels of concern. Suspected or known adverse health outcomes include dermal and respiratory effects, developmental and reproductive toxicity, disruption of metabolic function such as lipid homeostasis, and impairment of mitochondrial function. QACs' role in antimicrobial resistance has also been demonstrated. In the US regulatory system, how a QAC is managed depends on how it is used, for example in pesticides or personal care products. This can result in the same QACs receiving different degrees of scrutiny depending on the use and the agency regulating it. Further, the US Environmental Protection Agency's current method of grouping QACs based on structure, first proposed in 1988, is insufficient to address the wide range of QAC chemistries, potential toxicities, and exposure scenarios. Consequently, exposures to common mixtures of QACs and from multiple sources remain largely unassessed. Some restrictions on the use of QACs have been implemented in the US and elsewhere, primarily focused on personal care products. Assessing the risks posed by QACs is hampered by their vast structural diversity and a lack of quantitative data on exposure and toxicity for the majority of these compounds. This review identifies important data gaps and provides research and policy recommendations for preserving the utility of QAC chemistries while also seeking to limit adverse environmental and human health effects.

Background:Malaria outbreaks are important public health concerns that can cause resurgence in endemic regions approaching elimination. We investigated aPlasmodium falciparumoutbreak in Attapeu Province, Laos, during the 2020–21 malaria season, using genomic epidemiology methods to elucidate parasite population dynamics and identify its causes. Methods:In this genetic analysis, 2164P falciparumdried blood spot samples were collected from southern Laos between Jan 1, 2017, and April 1, 2021, which included 249 collected during the Attapeu outbreak between April 1, 2020, and April 1, 2021, by routine surveillance. Genetic barcodes obtained from these samples were used to investigate epidemiological changes underpinning the outbreak, estimate population diversity, and analyse population structure. Whole-genome sequencing data from additional historical samples were used to reconstruct the ancestry of outbreak strains using identity-by-descent analyses. Findings:The outbreak parasite populations were characterised by unprecedented loss of genetic diversity, primarily caused by rapid clonal expansion of a multidrug-resistant strain (LAA1) carrying thekelch13Arg539Thr (R539T) mutation. LAA1 replacedkelch13Cys580Tyr (C580Y) mutants resistant to dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (KEL1/PLA1) as the dominant strain. LAA1 inherited 58·8% of its genome from a strain circulating in Cambodia in 2008. A secondary outbreak strain (LAA2) carried thekelch13C580Y allele, and a genome that is essentially identical to a Cambodian parasite from 2009. A third, low-frequency strain (LAA7) was a recombinant of KEL1/PLA1 with akelch13R539T mutant. Interpretation:These results strongly suggest that the outbreak was driven by a selective sweep, possibly associated with multidrug-resistant phenotypes of the outbreak strains. Established resistant populations can circulate at low frequencies for years before suddenly overwhelming dominant strains when the conditions for selection become favourable—eg, when front-line therapies change. Genetic surveillance can support elimination by characterising key properties of outbreaks such as population diversity, drug resistance marker prevalence, and the origins of outbreak strains. Funding:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; Wellcome Trust. Translation:For the Lao translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Clinical progress in multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable plasma cell (PC) neoplasia, has been driven by therapies that have limited applications beyond MM/PC neoplasias and do not target specific oncogenic mutations in MM. Instead, these agents target pathways critical for PC biology yet largely dispensable for malignant or normal cells of most other lineages. Here we systematically characterized the lineage-preferential molecular dependencies of MM through genome-scale clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) studies in 19 MM versus hundreds of non-MM lines and identified 116 genes whose disruption more significantly affects MM cell fitness compared with other malignancies. These genes, some known, others not previously linked to MM, encode transcription factors, chromatin modifiers, endoplasmic reticulum components, metabolic regulators or signaling molecules. Most of these genes are not among the top amplified, overexpressed or mutated in MM. Functional genomics approaches thus define new therapeutic targets in MM not readily identifiable by standard genomic, transcriptional or epigenetic profiling analyses.

Ginsenosides are triterpenoid saponins, accumulated in root of Panax qiunquefolius. These secondary metabolites have numerous pharmacological properties such as: antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticancer. They have been found to regulate the functioning of the nervous and endocrine systems, thus maintaining homeostasis. Root harvesting for ginsenoside extraction for pharmaceutical industry destroys the entire plant, limiting its natural occurrence and impacts on wild populations of ginseng. The present study showed that hairy root cultures of P. quinquefolius, after using linalool as elicitor, can increase ginsenoside yield without the use of field-grown plants and independently of the vegetative season. The content of seven ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rg1, Re) was determined. We found linalool to stimulate most studied saponin accumulation regardless of exposure time (24 and 72 h). Shorter time of elicitation and 0.1 µM linalool in medium proved to be optimum conditions to obtain the highest total saponin content (29% higher level than that of untreated roots) and Rg-group metabolites (2.28 fold higher amount than untreated roots). Ginsenosides, belonging to protopanaxadiol derivatives, were found to have different dynamics of their content changes depending on linalool concentration. The highest increase in untreated roots was noted for compound Rd. Therefore, elicitation with linalool can be an effective method of enhancing ginsenoside production in P. quinquefolium hairy root cultures cultivated in shake flasks.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory neurological disease. The emergence of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) has greatly improved disease activity control and progression of disability in MS patients. DMTs differ in their mode of action, route of administration, efficacy, and safety profiles, offering multiple options for clinicians. Personalized medicine aims at tailoring the therapeutic strategy to patients' characteristics and disease activity but also patients' needs and preferences. New therapeutic options have already changed treatment paradigms for patients with active relapsing MS (RMS). The traditional approach consists in initiating treatment with moderate-efficacy DMTs and subsequently, escalating to higher-efficacy DMTs when there is evidence of clinical and/or radiological breakthrough activity. Recent real-world studies suggest that initiation of high-efficacy DMTs from disease onset can improve long-term outcomes for RMS patients. In this article, we review different treatment strategies and discuss challenges associated with personalized therapy.

Transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) proteins together with their transcriptional coactivator yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with the PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are important transcription factors and cofactors that regulate gene expression in the Hippo pathway. In mammals, the TEAD families have four homologues: TEAD1 (TEF-1), TEAD2 (TEF-4), TEAD3 (TEF-5), and TEAD4 (TEF-3). Aberrant expression and hyperactivation of TEAD/YAP signaling have been implicated in a variety of malignancies. Recently, TEADs were recognized as being palmitoylated in cells, and the lipophilic palmitate pocket has been successfully targeted by both covalent and noncovalent ligands. In this report, we present the medicinal chemistry effort to develop MYF-03–176 (compound 22) as a selective, cysteine-covalent TEAD inhibitor. MYF-03–176 (compound 22) significantly inhibits TEAD-regulated gene expression and proliferation of the cell lines with TEAD dependence including those derived from mesothelioma and liposarcoma.

Artykuł opisuje bardzo ważne historyczne wydarzenie dla Kościoła w Polsce, którym był uroczysty akt zawierzenia św. Józefowi Kościoła i Narodu Polskiego. Wydarzenie to było poprzedzone rekolekcjami narodowymi, w których dzięki transmisjom medialnym mogli uczestniczyć wierni z całej Polski. Rozważania rekolekcyjne, głoszone od w dniach od 03 do 07 października 2021 roku przez znanych teologów i kaznodziejów polskich ukazywały św. Józefa jako Opiekuna Kościoła Powszechnego, Patrona małżeństwa i rodziny ze szczególnym wskazaniem na rolę ojca w rodzinie oraz jako obrońcę życia od poczęcia aż do naturalnej śmierci. W trudnych czasach dla Kościoła i świata św. Józef może być pomocą w rozwiazywaniu najtrudniejszych problemów, które dotykają współczesnego człowieka. Wpatrywanie się i naśladowanie życia Patriarchy z Nazaretu i jego relacji z Jezusem i Maryją, są bardzo aktualne we współczesnym świecie, który tak bardzo potrzebuje miłości, sprawiedliwości, pokoju i jednoznacznych postaw moralnych.

Introduction. The interactions between individual cells as well as between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) are mediated by cell adhesion molecules (CAM). Over 100 different CAM have been classified into five families: selectins, integrins, cadherins, immunoglobulin superfamily, and CD44. Cell adhesion molecules play important roles in embryogenesis and organ growth, cell migration and leukocyte extravasations, wound healing, coagulation, inflammation and tumour invasion and metastasis. Aim. The aim of this paper is to present the role of CAM molecules in the biology of malignant tumours, including the growth of primary tumour, its progression and organ-specific metastases. Discussion. Cell-cell or cell-ECM interactions determine various biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation and cell migration. These functions are evoked by CAM-mediated intracellular signal transduction. By activating normal or abnormal signalling, CAM become important activators of primary tumour growth, tumour cell migration through ECM and wall of blood and lymphatic vessels, thus enabling organ-specific metastases. It was shown that altered CAM expression in colon, lung, breast and prostate cancer was associated with an adverse clinical course of the disease, faster metastasising and poor prognosis. Preliminary research indicates that cancer-targeted therapy with integrin inhibitors may result in a suppression of tumour angiogenesis and growth inhibition of primary and metastatic tumours. Conclusions. Cell adhesion molecules are useful markers of some types of tumours. Measurement of CAM expression may be used to evaluate the risk of disease recurrence, metastasis formation and survival time. In addition, CAM can be considered as a new group of molecules for targeted cancer therapy.

In the spring of 2020, a large-scale fire destroyed 5,526 hectares of wetlands in Biebrza National Park. It was decided to modernize the park’s fire protection system. It proved necessary to develop rules for fire protection in large natural areas where non-forest communities predominate. A team of experts from the Forest Research Institute, the Fire Department, and the Biebrza National Park developed methods for fire protection in the park based on open, publicly available remote sensing data sources. The following methods were developed or modified and adapted to the conditions of the park: determination of fire danger, prediction of fire danger, modeling of fire development, determination of the network of fire access roads, determination of water supply points, including water withdrawal points for helicopters, detection of fires, functioning of the alarm and communication system, firebreaks, places of concentration of forces and resources, equipment for fire fighting, and taking preventive measures. The developed principles of fire protection in the Biebrza National Park, based on open remote sensing data and the technology of GIS, will enable the creation and operation of a system that will reduce the probability of fires in the future.

Long-term safety and efficacy data on the iron chelator deferiprone in sickle cell disease (SCD) and other anemias are limited. FIRST-EXT was a 2-year extension study of FIRST (Ferriprox in Patients With Iron Overload in Sickle Cell Disease Trial), a 1-year, randomized noninferiority study of deferiprone vs deferoxamine in these populations. Patients who entered FIRST-EXT continued to receive, or were switched to, deferiprone. Altogether, 134 patients were enrolled in FIRST-EXT (mean age: 16.2 years), with mean (SD) exposure to deferiprone of 2.1 (0.8) years over the 2 studies. The primary end point was safety. Secondary end points were change in liver iron concentration (LIC), cardiac T2∗, serum ferritin (SF), and the proportion of responders (≥20% improvement in efficacy measure). The most common adverse events considered at least possibly related to deferiprone were neutropenia (9.0%) and abdominal pain (7.5%). LIC (mg/g dry weight) decreased over time, with mean (SD) changes from baseline at each time point (year 1, −2.64 [4.64]; year 2, −3.91 [6.38]; year 3, −6.64 [7.72], all P < .0001). Mean SF levels (μg/L) decreased significantly after year 2 (−771, P = .0008) and year 3 (−1016, P = .0420). Responder rates for LIC and SF increased each year (LIC: year 1, 46.5%; year 2, 57.1%; year 3, 66.1%; SF: year 1, 35.2%; year 2, 55.2%; year 3, 70.9%). Cardiac T2∗ remained normal in all patients. In conclusion, long-term therapy with deferiprone was not associated with new safety concerns and led to continued and progressive reduction in iron load in individuals with SCD or other anemias. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02443545.

KWIATKOWSKI, Piotr, GŁADYSZ, Konrad, SZYDŁOWSKA, Justyna, ŻUCHNIK, Olga, KRÓL, Olgierd, KUCZYŃSKA, Beata, CZELEJ, Magdalena, KŁOS, Aleksander, GIEROBA, Krzysztof & SZYDŁOWSKI, Marcin. Endometriosis - Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(3):302-308. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.03.039 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/42238 https://zenodo.org/record/7634463 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 26.01.2023. Revised: 26.01.2023. Accepted: 13.02.2023. Endometriosis - Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment Endometrioza - Patogeneza, diagnostyka i leczenie Piotr Kwiatkowski Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID: 0000-0002-4466-1092 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-1092 E-mail: piotrk1996@gmail.com Konrad Gładysz Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0003-4935-8823 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4935-8823 E-mail: konrad.gladyszke@gmail.com Justyna Szydłowska Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0002-1054-1519 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1054-1519 E-mail: juszyd@gmail.com Olga Żuchnik Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0001-9392-1500 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-1500 E-mail: zuchnikolga@gmail.com Olgierd Król Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0001-6886-4997 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-4997 E-mail: okrol96@onet.pl Beata Kuczyńska Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy II Klinice Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0003-4997-4335 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4997-4335 E-mail: beatamkuczynska96@gmail.com Magdalena Czelej Samodzielny Publicznym Szpital Kliniczny SPSK 4 w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-3717-4261 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3717-4261 E-mail: czelejmagdalena@gmail.com Aleksander Kłos Studenckie Koło Naukowe Symulacji Medycznej przy Zakładzie Dydaktyki i Symulacji Medycznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-9091-6754 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-6754 E-mail: alek.klos@gmail.com Krzysztof Gieroba Studenckie Koło Naukowe Medycyny Ratunkowej w Lublinie przy Klinice Chirurgii Urazowej i Medycyny Ratunkowej SPSK nr 1 w Lublinie, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0003-0121-410X https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-410X E-mail: krzysztof.gieroba@gmail.com Marcin Szydłowski Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy II Klinice Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-5867-6172 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5867-6172 E-mail: mszydlowski152@gmail.com Abstract Introduction: Endometriosis is defined as a chronic gynecological disease characterized by endometrial tissue outside the uterus. The condition affects 5-10% of women of reproductive age worldwide and is associated with pelvic pain and infertility. Despite its prevalence, diagnosis is usually delayed for many years which postpones the introduction of appropriate treatment. Aim of the study: Summary of the current state of knowledge on endometriosis, analyzing the pathogenesis, the current diagnostic approach, highlighting the problem of fertility in this disease entity and presenting treatment options. Methods and materials: A review of the literaturę available in the PubMed database and GoogleScholar from the last 5years was conducted,using the following keywords: endometriosis”, „endometriosis pathogenesis”, „endometriosis diagnosis”, „infertility in endometriosis”, „endometriosis treatment” Results:The precise cause of endometriosis is not yet known. Among the etiological factors mentioned are congenital, environmental, epigenetic, autoimmune and allergic factors. The main theory for the formation of the condition is retrograde menstruation through the fallopian tubes into the peritoneal cavity and implantation of endometrial cells. Laparoscopy is nowadays the gold standard for diagnosis, but less invasive methods that can shorten the time to diagnosis are being sought. Current treatment is limited to surgery, hormonal treatment and analgesics which are associated with many side effects. Conclusion:Endometriosis is the cause of infertility, chronic pain and reduced quality of life in many women The disease not only affects the pelvis but the whole body. The main problem is that diagnosis is delayed for many years. Non-invasive diagnostic tests such as imaging studies, genetic tests, biomarkers or miRNAs have diagnostic potential but more analysis is needed to be applied in daily clinical work. Future research should focus on learning and understanding the pathogenesis, identifying subtypes of the disease, and a modern approach to diagnosis and comprehensive treatment taking into account concomitant general symptoms. Key words:endometriosis, endometriosis pathogenesis, endometriosis diagnosis, infertility in endometriosis, endometriosis treatment Abstrakt Wprowadzenie: Endometrioza jest definiowana jako przewlekła choroba ginekologiczna charakteryzująca się występowaniem tkanki endometrialnej poza macicą. Schorzenie dotyka 5-10% kobiet w wieku reprodukcyjnym na świecie i wiąże się z bólem w miednicy i niepłodnością. Pomimo jej powszechności diagnoza jest zwykle opóźniona o wiele lat co przesuwa wprowadzenie odpowiedniego leczenia. Cel pracy:Podsumowanie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat endometriozy, przeanalizowanie patogenezy, aktualnego podejścia diagnostycznego, zwrócenie uwagi na problem płodności w tej jednostce chorobowej oraz przedstawienie możliwości leczenia. Materiały i metody: Dokonano przeglądu literatury dostępnej w bazie PubMed oraz Google Scholar z okresu ostatnich 5 lat, używano następujących słów kluczy: „endometriosis”, „endometriosis pathogenesis”, „endometriosis diagnosis”, „infertility in endometriosis”, „endometriosis treatment” Wyniki: Dokładna przyczyna endometriozy nie została jeszcze poznana. Wśród czynników etiologicznych wymieniane są czynniki wrodzone, środowiskowe, epigenetyczne, autoimmunlogiczne i alergiczne. Główną teorią powstawania schorzenia jest wsteczne miesiączkowanie przez jajowody do jamy otrzewnej i implantacja komórek endometrialnych. Laparoskopia jest współcześnie złotym standardem w diagnostyce, lecz poszukiwane są mniej inwazyjne metody mogące skrócić czas do postawienia diagnozy. Obecne leczenie ogranicza się do leczenia chirurgicznego, hormonalnego oraz przeciwbólowego które wiąże ze sobą wiele działań niepożądanych. Podsumowanie: Endometrioza jest u wielu kobiet przyczyną niepłodności, przewlekłego bólu i pogorszenia jakości życiaChoroba nie tylko dotyka miednicy ale całego organizmu. Głównym problemem jest opóźniona o wiele lat diagnoza. Nieinwazyjne testy diagnostyczne takie jak badania obrazowe, testy genetyczne, biomarkery czy miRNA posiadają potencjał diagnostyczny lecz potrzebne są kolejne analizy aby mogły być stosowane w codziennej pracy klinicznej. Przyszłe badania powinny być skupione na poznaniu i zrozumieniu patogenezy, identyfikacji podtypów choroby oraz nowoczesnego podejścia do diagnostyki i kompleksowego leczenia z uwzględnieniem towarzyszących objawów ogólnych. Słowa klucze:endometriosis, endometriosis pathogenesis, endometriosis diagnosis, infertility in endometriosis, endometriosis treatment

Purpose: Soccer is a popular sport among children and adolescents that exposes to a high risk of injury. Several prevention programs, including the FIFA 11+ Kids program have been developed to decrease this injury rate. The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge and use of the FIFA 11+ Kids program among soccer coaches of skeletally immature soccer players in a Swiss canton and analyze difficulties of implementing such a prevention program. Materials & methods: First, an online survey was sent to all soccer coaches involved in Swiss training programs for male players from 7 to 13 years of age. Coaches were identified through existing Swiss coaching networks. A total of 237 coaches completed the survey. Second, the FIFA 11+ Kids program was implemented in three soccer teams (players from 7 to 13 years of age) during 6 months in the same canton. Utilization of FIFA 11+ Kids program and compliance of coaches were recorded by the research staff. Results: Around 84% of the included coaches in the survey were certified. Of those, 59% had been taught injury prevention during their course(s). Only 14% of the included coaches knew one of the FIFA programs (11, 11+, 11+ Kids), of those, about one-third (10 out of 237) used the FIFA 11+ Kids program. After 6 months, none of the soccer coaches applied the entire FIFA 11+ Kids program twice a week. One coach had completely abandoned the program. The main reasons for their disapproval were the time and surveillance needed and the players’ lack of motivation. They stated, however, that the exercises were good if used occasionally. Conclusion: Injury prevention should be integrated in every soccer coach education courses. An adaptation of the FIFA 11+ Kids program should be considered, especially for the youngest players.

Chemicals have improved the functionality and convenience of industrial and consumer products, but sometimes at the expense of human or ecological health. Existing regulatory systems have proven to be inadequate for assessing and managing the tens of thousands of chemicals in commerce. A different approach is urgently needed to minimize ongoing production, use, and exposures to hazardous chemicals. The premise of the essential-use approach is that chemicals of concern should be used only in cases in which their function in specific products is necessary for health, safety, or the functioning of society and when feasible alternatives are unavailable. To optimize the essential-use approach for broader implementation in the United States and Canada, we recommend that governments and businesses (1) identify chemicals of concern for essentiality assessments based on a broad range of hazard traits, going beyond toxicity; (2) expedite decision-making by avoiding unnecessary assessments and strategically asking up to three questions to determine whether the use of the chemical in the product is essential; (3) apply the essential-use approach as early as possible in the process of developing and assessing chemicals; and (4) engage diverse experts in identifying chemical uses and functions, assessing alternatives, and making essentiality determinations and share such information broadly. If optimized and expanded into regulatory systems in the United States and Canada, other policymaking bodies, and businesses, the essential-use approach can improve chemicals management and shift the market toward safer chemistries that benefit human and ecological health., Environmental Science & Technology, 57 (4), ISSN:0013-936X, ISSN:1520-5851

Krajobraz kulturowy Nałęczowa, miasta ogrodu, kojarzony jest głównie z Uzdrowiskiem, którego ponad dwustuletni rozwój i architektura znaczone są plejadą wybitnych architektów XVIII-XX wieku. Jan Ferdynand Nax, projektodawca wczesnoklasycystycznego pałacu Małachowskich w Parku Zdrojowym. Karol Kozłowski – projektant budynków uzdrowiskowych i przebudowy pałacu Małachowskich. Walerian Kronenberg – autor przebudowy Parku Zdrojowego. Adam Nagórski i Michał Górski – prekursorzy stylu szwajcarskiego w budownictwie pensjonatowym Nałęczowa. No i chyba najbardziej rozpoznawalny – Jan Koszyc Witkiewicz, obok Zenona Chrzanowskiego, implementator stylu zakopiańskiego w Uzdrowisku. Witkiewicz to także twórca Szkoły Rzemiosł Budowlanych w Nałęczowie, przeniesionej później do Kazimierza Dolnego nad Wisłą. W cieniu tych dokonań wyrastało budownictwo niewielkich domów drewnianych, budowanych „dla siebie” przez domorosłych architektów, współcześnie określane jako drewniana architektura wernakularna. Tutejsza architektura kształtowana jest wielowiekową tradycją, z wyraźnym wpływem uzdrowiskowego oddziaływania architektów przełomu XIX i XX wieku, głównie szkoły Jana Koszyc Witkiewicza.

Rozpatrywany jest problem wyznaczania rekomendacji na podstawie wskazanych przykadw decyzji akceptowalnych i przykadw decyzji nieakceptowalnych. Wskazanie przez decydenta tych przykadw jest podstaw oceny jego preferencji. Istota przedstawionego rozwizania polega na okreleniu preferencji jako klastra wyznaczonego poprzez uzupenianie wskazanych przykadw. W artykule zaproponowano procedur kolejnych przyblie bazujc na rozwizaniach zadania klasyfikacji na podstawie zadanych przykadw.

Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu omówienie podstawowych zasad ochrony kształtowania i ochrony środowiska przyrodniczego oraz obszarów rolnych w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki (farm and land preservation effort) poprzez wykorzystanie instytucji transferu niewykorzystanego potencjału zabudowy (transfer of development rights, TDR). Instytucja ta pozwala na umowne przeniesienie własności tego, co zgodnie z lokalnym prawem dotyczącym zagospodarowania przestrzennego (dalej rezolucja urbanistyczna) można na działce zbudować, na działkę położoną na terenie przeznaczonym pod zabudowę albo na rzecz specjalnego podmiotu agregującego ten potencjał. Rozwiązanie to, mające w USA par excellence stanowy rodowód i pierwotnie wykorzystywane jedynie w aglomeracjach miejskich, jest dziś istotną częścią stanowych i federalnych rozwiązań z zakresu ochrony terenów cennych przyrodniczo czy terenów rolniczych. Jest też przykładem mechanizmu rynkowego, który odpowiednio moderowany i wspierany przez organy władzy pozwala na osiągnięcie konkretnych celów bez sięgania przez nie do władczych narzędzi, jak regulacje czy administracyjne nakazy bądź zakazy.

Celem badania jest ukazanie zróżnicowania powiatowych rynków pracy województwa wielkopolskiego ze względu na wysokość stóp bezrobocia rejestrowanego i charakter bezrobocia, a także ustalenie najważniejszych czynników wpływających na te wielkości. Podstawą badania są dane roczne z lat 2010–2021 pochodzące z Banku Danych Lokalnych GUS oraz sprawozdań powiatowych urzędów pracy (formularzy MRPiPS-01). Wyniki pozwalają stwierdzić, że choć województwo wielkopolskie charakteryzuje jedna z najniższych stóp bezrobocia w kraju, to jednak wewnętrznie jest ono dość zróżnicowane. Relatywnie najtrudniejsza sytuacja ze względu na stopę i charakter bezrobocia dotyczy powiatu konińskiego, natomiast najkorzystniejsza występuje w powiatach poznańskim, miasta Poznania, nowotomyskim i wolsztyńskim.

In the article, on the background of theoretical considerations on the meaning of the sense of self-efficacy in the work of a modern teacher functioning in the changing conditions of the 21st century reality and the role that personality (in terms of the Five-Factor Theory of Personality by Paul T. Costa and Robert R. McCrae) may play in shaping this key factor, the results of empirical research conducted with the participation of Polish and American teachers are presented. The analyzes proved that the respondents who were characterized by a statistically significantly higher level of self-efficacy were also characterized by such an intensity of personality traits in terms of the Big Five (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness), which corresponded to the pattern of teacher personality, which has been present in the pedeutological discourse over the years.

GIEROBA, Krzysztof, GŁADYSZ, Konrad, SZYDŁOWSKA, Justyna, ŻUCHNIK, Olga, KRÓL, Olgierd, KWIATKOWSKI, Piotr, KUCZYŃSKA, Beata, CZELEJ, Magdalena, SZYDŁOWSKI, Marcin & KŁOS, Aleksander. Atopic dermatitis – clinical phenotypes and related therapeutic possibilities. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(1):287-293. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.01.043 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/41078 https://zenodo.org/record/7457358 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 28.11.2022. Revised: 15.12.2022. Accepted: 19.12.2022. Atopic dermatitis – clinical phenotypes and related therapeutic possibilities Atopowe zapalenie skóry - fenotypy kliniczne i powiązane możliwości terapeutyczne Krzysztof Gieroba Studenckie Koło Naukowe Medycyny Ratunkowej w Lublinie przy Klinice Chirurgii Urazowej i Medycyny Ratunkowej SPSK nr 1 w Lublinie, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0003-0121-410X https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-410X E-mail: krzysztof.gieroba@gmail.com Konrad Gładysz Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0003-4935-8823 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4935-8823 E-mail: konrad.gladyszke@gmail.com Justyna Szydłowska Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0002-1054-1519 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1054-1519 E-mail: juszyd@gmail.com Olga Żuchnik Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0001-9392-1500 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-1500 E-mail: zuchnikolga@gmail.com Olgierd Król Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0001-6886-4997 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-4997 E-mail: okrol96@onet.pl Piotr Kwiatkowski Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID: 0000-0002-4466-1092 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-1092 E-mail: piotrk1996@gmail.com Beata Kuczyńska Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy II Klinice Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0003-4997-4335 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4997-4335 E-mail: beatamkuczynska96@gmail.com Magdalena Czelej Samodzielny Publicznym Szpital Kliniczny SPSK 4 w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-3717-4261 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3717-4261 E-mail: czelejmagdalena@gmail.com Marcin Szydłowski Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy II Klinice Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-5867-6172 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5867-6172 E-mail: mszydlowski152@gmail.com Aleksander Kłos Studenckie Koło Naukowe Symulacji Medycznej przy Zakładzie Dydaktyki i Symulacji Medycznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-9091-6754 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-6754 E-mail: alek.klos@gmail.com Abstract: Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is characterized by damaged epidermal barrier, skin dysbiosis and pruritus. It affects up to 20% of the population of developed countries. AD represents a heterogeneous condition belonging to the spectrum of atopic diseases. It occurs in the form of multiple phenotypes with varied pathogenesis requiring different therapeutic strategies. Aim of the study: To summarize the current state of knowledge on AD phenotypes and related therapeutic options. Methods and materials: A review of the literature available in PudMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted. The following keywords were used: "atopic dermatitis", "atopic dermatitis phenotypes", "atopic dermatitis current treatment". Results: There are many phenotypes of AD. However, due to the lack of a consistent classification system, identifying phenotypes is greatly hindered. It is possible to use the division of phenotypes into groups based on age, lesion topography, lesion morphology and patient ethnicity. Various drugs are available for the treatment of AD, but therapeutic strategies for specific phenotypes are sparse and insufficiently understood due to the problem of identifying phenotypes and the complexity of the endotypes behind them. Treatment of AD is not currently based on phenotype-specific targeted therapy. Conclusion: Development of personalized therapy for the treatment of AD requires additional research using uniform definitions of phenotypes and endotypes. It is necessary to create a classification system for AD phenotypes. Key words:atopic dermatitis, phenotype, endotype, treatment Abstrakt: Wprowadzenie: Atopowe zapalenie skóry (AZS) jest najczęstszą przewlekłą zapalną chorobą skóry. Charakteryzuje się uszkodzeniem bariery naskórkowej, dysbiozą skórną i świądem. Dotyka nawet 20% populacji krajów rozwiniętych. AZS stanowi heterogenne schorzenie należące do spektrum chorób atopowych. Występuje pod postacią wielu fenotypów o zróżnicowanej patogenezie wymagających odmiennych strategii terapeutycznych. Cel pracy: Podsumowanie obecnego stanu wiedzy na temat fenotypów AZS i powiązanych z nimi opcji terapeutycznych. Materiały i metody: Dokonano przeglądu literatury dostępnej w bazach PudMed oraz Google Scholar. Używano następujących słów kluczowych: „atopic dermatitis”, „atopic dermatitis phenotypes”, „atopic dermatitis current treatment”. Wyniki: Istnieje wiele fenotypów AZS. Jednak z uwagi na brak spójnego systemu klasyfikacji identyfikowanie fenotypów jest znacznie utrudnione. Możliwe jest zastosowanie podziału fenotypów na grupy ze względu na wiek, topografię zmian, morfologię zmian oraz pochodzenie etniczne pacjenta. W leczeniu AZS dostępne są różne leki, jednak strategie terapeutyczne w odniesieniu do specyficznych fenotypów są skąpe i niedostatecznie poznane z powodu problemu identyfikacji fenotypów i złożoności kryjących się pod nimi endotypów. Leczenie AZS nie opiera się obecnie na terapii celowanej z uwzględnieniem fenotypu. Wnioski: Rozwój terapii spersonalizowanej w zakresie leczenia AZS wymaga prowadzenia dodatkowych badań z wykorzystaniem jednolitych definicji fenotypów i endotypów. Konieczne jest stworzenie systemu klasyfikacji fenotypów AZS. Słowa kluczowe: atopowe zapalenie skóry, fenotyp, endotyp, leczenie

KRÓL, Olgierd, GŁADYSZ, Konrad, SZYDŁOWSKA, Justyna, ŻUCHNIK, Olga, KWIATKOWSKI, Piotr, CZELEJ,Magdalena, KŁOS, Aleksander, GIEROBA, Krzysztof, SZYDŁOWSKI, Marcin & ZUCHNIAK, Paweł. SGLT-2 inhibitors: new effective drugs for treatment of heart failure. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(2):55-61. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.02.007 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/41054 https://zenodo.org/record/7423095 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 21.11.2022. Revised: 28.11.2022. Accepted: 11.12.2022. Inhibitory SGLT-2 - nowe skuteczne leki w leczeniu niewydolności serca SGLT-2 inhibitors: new effective drugs for treatment of heart failure Olgierd Król Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0001-6886-4997 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-4997 E-mail: okrol96@onet.pl Konrad Gładysz Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0003-4935-8823 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4935-8823 E-mail: konrad.gladyszke@gmail.com Justyna Szydłowska Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0002-1054-1519 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1054-1519 E-mail: juszyd@gmail.com Olga Żuchnik Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0001-9392-1500 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-1500 E-mail: zuchnikolga@gmail.com Piotr Kwiatkowski Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID: 0000-0002-4466-1092 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-1092 E-mail: piotrk1996@gmail.com Magdalena Czelej Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny SPSK4 w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-3717-4261 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3717-4261 E-mail: czelejmagdalena@gmail.com Aleksander Kłos Studenckie Koło Naukowe Symulacji Medycznej przy Zakładzie Dydaktyki i Symulacji Medycznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-9091-6754 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-6754 E-mail: alek.klos@gmail.com Krzysztof Gieroba Studenckie Koło Naukowe Medycyny Ratunkowej w Lublinie przy Klinice Chirurgii Urazowej i Medycyny Ratunkowej SPSK nr 1 w Lublinie, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0003-0121-410X https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-410X E-mail: krzysztof.gieroba@gmail.com Marcin Szydłowski Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy II Klinice Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-5867-6172 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5867-6172 E-mail: mszydlowski152@gmail.com Paweł Zuchniak Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Wojewódzki im. Jana Bożego Mieczysława Biernackiego 9, 20-400 Lublin ORCID 0000-0002-6757-4573 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6757-4573 E-mail: pzuchniak@icloud.com Abstract Introduction: SGLT-2 inhibitors having selectivity to sodium glucose cotransporter 2 were introduced on the market in 2012 as drugs for the pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes. Aim of the work: To summarize the current state of knowledge about the drugs: SGLT-2 inhibitors and their mechanism of action and application in cardiology. Materials and Methods: A review of the literature available in PubMed and Google Scholar database was conducted. Results: In addition to glucosuria, the diuretic effect is caused by natriuresis. A study was conducted, after which it was deduced that the natriuretic effect of empagliflozin did not depend on the degree of renal dysfunction, and was exacerbated under the influence of loop diuretics. SGLT-2 inhibitors reduce cardiac preload. Flozins also lead to a reduction in afterload. The DAPA-HF study of 4744 patients with HF, taking 10 mg of dapagliflozin or placebo. The primary outcome of the study, was data in the form of death from cardiovascular causes or exacerbation of heart failure. These accounted for 16.3% in the flozin group compared to 21.2% in the control group. Adverse events were rare. Dapagliflozin was effective in 55% of subjects, in both patients and non-diabetics with type 2 diabetes. EMPEROR-REDUCED studied the effect of taking 10 mg of emagliflozin or placebo in 3730 patients. Flozin reduced the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalizations. Fewer deaths from any cause were also observed. Summary: Both studies highlighted significant benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors- they reduced the risk of death from any cause and from cardiovascular causes. The therapeutic benefits, regardless of the degree of renal dysfunction, the synergy with other drugs in heart failure, and the low number of serious side effects, led to the inclusion of flozins in the latest ESC 2021 guidelines for therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, regardless of the presence of diabetes. Key words: heart failure, sglt-2 inhibitors, DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-REDUCED Abstrakt Wprowadzenie: Inhibitory SGLT-2 posiadające selektywność do kotransportera glukozowo- sodowego 2 wprowadzono na rynek w 2012 roku, jako leki w farmakoterapii cukrzycy typu 2. Cel pracy: Podsumowanie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat leków: inhibitorów SGLT-2 oraz ich mechanizmu działania oraz zastosowania w kardiologii. Materiały i metody: Dokonano przeglądu literatury dostępnej w bazie PubMed oraz Google Scholar. Wyniki: Efekt moczopędny oprócz glukozurii, wywołany jest też natriurezą. Przeprowadzono badanie, po którym wywnioskowano, że efekt natriuretyczny empagliflozyny nie zależał od stopnia dysfunkcji nerek, nasilał się pod wpływem diuretyków pętlowych. Inhibitory SGLT-2 zmniejszają obciążenie wstępne serca. Flozyny prowadzą również do zmniejszenia obciążenia następczego. Badanie DAPA-HF na 4744 pacjentach z HF, przyjmujących 10 mg dapagliflozyny lub placebo. Pierwotnym rezultatem badania, były dane w postaci zgonu z przyczyn sercowo- naczyniowych lub zaostrzenia niewydolności serca. W grupie pacjentów stosujących flozynę oraz w grupie przyjmującej placebo, stanowiły one odpowiednio 16,3%, wobec 21,2% z grupy kontrolnej. Zdarzenia niepożądane występowały rzadko. Dapagliflozyna była skuteczna u 55% badanych, zarówno u chorych, jak i nieleczących się na cukrzycę typu 2. W EMPEROR-REDUCED badano wpływ przyjmowania 10 mg emagliflozyny lub placebo na 3730 pacjentach. Flozyna zmniejszała ryzyko zgonu z przyczyn sercowo- naczyniowych oraz hospitalizacje. Obserwowano również mniejszą liczbę zgonów z jakiegokolwiek powodu. Podsumowanie: Oba badania uwidoczniły znaczne korzyści inhibitorów SGLT-2- obniżały ryzyko zgonu z jakiejkolwiek przyczyny oraz z przyczyn sercowo- naczyniowych. Korzyści terapeutyczne, niezależnie od stopnia dysfunkcji nerek, synergia z innymi lekami w niewydolności serca, mała ilość poważnych działań niepożądanych, spowodowały włączenie flozyn w najnowszych wytycznych ESC 2021 do terapii w niewydolności serca ze zmniejszoną frakcją wyrzutową, niezależnie od obecności cukrzycy. Słowa kluczowe: niewydolność serca, inhibitory sglt-2, DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-REDUCED

KUCZYŃSKA, Beata, CZELEJ, Magdalena, GŁADYSZ, Konrad, GIEROBA, Krzysztof, SZYDŁOWSKI, Marcin, KŁOS,Aleksander, SZYDŁOWSKA, Justyna, ŻUCHNIK, Olga, KRÓL, Olgierd & KWIATKOWSKI, Piotr. Hair loss after SARS-CoV2 Infection. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(2):37-42. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.02.005 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/41053 https://zenodo.org/record/7419345 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 21.11.2022. Revised: 28.11.2022. Accepted: 09.12.2022. Hair loss after SARS-CoV2 Infection Wypadanie włosów po infekcji SARS-CoV2 Beata Kuczyńska Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy II Klinice Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0003-4997-4335 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4997-4335 E-mail: beatamkuczynska96@gmail.com Magdalena Czelej Samodzielny Publicznym Szpital Kliniczny SPSK 4 w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-3717-4261 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3717-4261 E-mail: czelejmagdalena@gmail.com Konrad Gładysz Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0003-4935-8823 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4935-8823 E-mail: konrad.gladyszke@gmail.com Krzysztof Gieroba Studenckie Koło Naukowe Medycyny Ratunkowej w Lublinie przy Klinice Chirurgii Urazowej i Medycyny Ratunkowej SPSK nr 1 w Lublinie, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0003-0121-410X https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-410X E-mail: krzysztof.gieroba@gmail.com Marcin Szydłowski Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy II Klinice Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-5867-6172 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5867-6172 E-mail: mszydlowski152@gmail.com Aleksander Kłos Studenckie Koło Naukowe Symulacji Medycznej przy Zakładzie Dydaktyki i Symulacji Medycznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-9091-6754 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-6754 E-mail: alek.klos@gmail.com Justyna Szydłowska Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0002-1054-1519 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1054-1519 E-mail: juszyd@gmail.com Olga Żuchnik Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0001-9392-1500 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-1500 E-mail: zuchnikolga@gmail.com Olgierd Król Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0001-6886-4997 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-4997 E-mail: okrol96@onet.pl Piotr Kwiatkowski Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID: 0000-0002-4466-1092 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-1092 E-mail: piotrk1996@gmail.com Abstract: Introduction:Since the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in China, more than 3.8 million people have died. A big problem is the long-term effects and complications of this disease. The pathogenesis of these long-term effects is not fully known. Significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines have been observed among people with complications. Their dermatological manifestations are due to the presence of receptors for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the skin and other tissues. Aim of the study: Summary of current knowledge on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment of hair loss after Covid-19. Methods and materials:A review of the literature available in the PubMed database, using the following terms: “Hair loss after Covid”, “Tellgoen Effluvium covid”, “Alopecia areata covid”, “androgenetic alopecia covid”. Results:The most commonly reported among the dermatological manifestations is hair loss, the predominant type of which is telogen alopecia, which involves a prolongation of the resting phase of the hair most likely due to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and depletion of anticoagulant proteins, leading to microthrombosis. There has also been a significant increase in the incidence of alopecia areata, in the development of which, in addition to autoimmunity, psychological and physiological stress factors are also highly influential and are higher during the course of the disease including SARS-CoV2. Androgenetic alopecia results from excess androgens and increased sensitivity of hair follicles to them, transmembrane serine protease 2 facilitates the "entry" of the virus into the body by facilitating the binding of viral particles to ACE-2 receptors, which acts as a gateway. Conclusion:Hair loss is not life-threatening however it has serious psychological and social implications, so it is very important to educate patients about the mechanism and treatment of this phenomenon. Key words: hair loss, Covid-19, alopecia Abstrakt: Wprowadzenie: Od wykrycia w Chinach Zespołu Ostrej Niewydolności Oddechowej wywołanej Koronawirusem 19, zmarło ponad 3,8 miliona osób. Duży problem stanowią długotrwałe skutki i powikłania tej choroby. Za patogenezą tych długoterminowych skutków nie jest jeszcze do końca poznań. Zaobserwowano znaczne podwyższenie poziomu cytokin prozapalnych wśród ludzi u których występują powikłania. Ich dermatologiczne manifestacje wynikają z obecności receptorów dla konwertazy angiotensyny 2 w skórze i innych tkankach. Cel pracy: Celem pracy jest podsumowanie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat czynników wywołujących, przebiegu i leczenia pacjentów cierpiących na wypadanie włosów po infekcji Covid-19 Materiał i metody:Dokonano przeglądu literatury dostępnej w bazie Pubmed używając kluczowych wyrażeń. Wyniki: Najczęściej odnotowaną dermatologiczną manifestacją jest wypadanie włosów, której dominującym rodzajem jest łysienie telogenowe, polegające na wydłużeniu fazy spoczynkowej włosa, najprawdopodobniej na skutek wzrostu poziomu cytokin prozapalnych i wyczerpania białek antykoagulacyjnych, co prowadzi do powstania mikrozakrzepów. Od początku pandemii odnotowano również znaczny wzrost zachorowań na łysienie plackowate, w którego rozwoju oprócz autoimmunizacji, duży wpływ mają także czynniki stresowe, psychologiczne i fizjologiczne, które są istotniejsze w trakcie choroby w tym SARS-CoV2. Łysienie Androgenowe, wynika z nadmiaru androgenów i zwiększonej wrażliwości mieszków włosowych na nie, transmembranowa proteaza serynowa 2 ułatwia penetrację wirusa do organizmu, dzięki ułatwieniu wiązania się cząsteczek wirusowych z receptorami ACE-2, które działają jak bramka. Wnioski: Wypadanie włosów nie stanowi zagrożenia życia jednak ma poważne implikacje psychologiczne i społeczne, dlatego bardzo ważna jest edukacja pacjentów na temat mechanizmu i leczenia tego zjawiska. Słowa kluczowe: wypadanie włosów, Covid-19, łysienie

SZYDŁOWSKI, Marcin, GŁADYSZ, Konrad, ŻUCHNIK, Olga, KRÓL, Olgierd, KWIATKOWSKI, Piotr, KUCZYŃSKA, Beata, CZELEJ, Magdalena, KŁOS, Aleksander, GIEROBA, Krzysztof & SZYDŁOWSKA, Justyna. Pros and cons of splenic artery embolization after mechanical splenic injury - comparison of methods. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(1):270-274. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.01.040 https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/41013 https://zenodo.org/record/7406565 The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2022; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 22.11.2022. Revised: 22.11.2022. Accepted: 06.12.2022. Pros and cons of splenic artery embolization after mechanical splenic injury - comparison of methods Za i przeciw embolizacji tętnicy śledzionowej po mechanicznym uszkodzeniu śledziony - porównanie innych metod Marcin Szydłowski Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy II Klinice Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-5867-6172 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5867-6172 E-mail: mszydlowski152@gmail.com Konrad Gładysz Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0003-4935-8823 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4935-8823 E-mail: konrad.gladyszke@gmail.com Olga Żuchnik Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0001-9392-1500 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9392-1500 E-mail: zuchnikolga@gmail.com Olgierd Król Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0001-6886-4997 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-4997 E-mail: okrol96@onet.pl Piotr Kwiatkowski Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID:0000-0002-4466-1092 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-1092 E-mail:piotrk1996@gmail.com Beata Kuczyńska Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy II Klinice Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0003-4997-4335 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4997-4335 E-mail: beatamkuczynska96@gmail.com Magdalena Czelej Samodzielny Publicznym Szpital Kliniczny SPSK 4 w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-3717-4261 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3717-4261 E-mail: czelejmagdalena@gmail.com Aleksander Kłos Studenckie Koło Naukowe Symulacji Medycznej przy Zakładzie Dydaktyki i Symulacji Medycznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0002-9091-6754 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-6754 E-mail: alek.klos@gmail.com Krzysztof Gieroba Studenckie Koło Naukowe Medycyny Ratunkowej w Lublinie przy Klinice Chirurgii Urazowej i Medycyny Ratunkowej SPSK nr 1 w Lublinie, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie ORCID 0000-0003-0121-410X https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-410X E-mail: krzysztof.gieroba@gmail.com Justyna Szydłowska Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego SPZOZ w Lublinie Aleja Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin ORCID 0000-0002-1054-1519 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1054-1519 E-mail: juszyd@gmail.com Abstract Introduction: Mechanical damage of the spleen is a serious therapeutic problem often leading to the death of the patient. The constant development of therapeutic methods makes it possible to reduce the percentage of severe conditions after damage to this organ. Great hopes are placed on minimal-invasive treatments and procedures such asembolization. Aim of the study: Compare available research as well as publications and identify advantages and disadvantages of splenic artery embolization in relation to othermethods. Methods and materials: We reviewed the literature available on PubMed and Google Scholar using the words "splenicarteryembolization,""bluntsplenictrauma,""splenectomy,""splenectomyaftertrauma,""nonoperative treatment of blunt splenictrauma". Results: Embolization of the splenic artery combines relatively low invasiveness with very high therapeutic options that were once reserved exclusively for surgical management. Embolization significantly reduces mortality in the worst prognosis patients and is recommended during non-operative management. Conclusion: Embolization procedure is found to be superior to other types of management on almost every level. In addition, this procedure is an ideal follow-up to non-operative management. However, embolization as well as any other procedure carried out in the spleen should be considered individually and on many levels because of the important functions performed by this organ. Key words: Blunt trauma to the spleen, embolization, mechanical injury of the spleen, splenic artery embolization complications; Abstrakt Wprowadzenie: Mechaniczne uszkodzenia śledziony to poważny problem terapeutyczny nierzadko prowadzący do śmierci pacjenta. Stały rozwój metod terapeutycznych pozwala zmniejszyć odsetek ciężkich stanów po uszkodzeniu tego narządu. Wielkie nadzieje pokładane są w zabiegach i procedurach małoinwazyjnych takich jakembolizacja. Cel pracy: Porównanie dostępnych badań i publikacji oraz określenie wad i zalet embolizacji tętnicy śledzionowej w odniesieniu do innych metod. Materiały i metody: Dokonano przeglądu literatury dostępnej w serwisie PubMed oraz Google Scholar, używając słów “embolizacja tętnicy śledzionowej”, “tępy uraz śledziony”, “splenektomia”,”splenektomia po urazie”,”nieoperacyjne leczenie tępego urazu śledziony”. Wyniki: Embolizacja tętnicy śledzionowej łączy ze sobą stosunkowo małą inwazyjność przy bardzo dużych możliwościach terapeutycznych które niegdyś były zarezerwowane wyłącznie dla postępowania chirurgicznego. Embolizacja zmniejsza znacząco śmiertelność pacjentów najgorzej rokujących i jest rekomendowana podczas postępowania nieoperacyjnego. Wnioski: Stwierdza się przewagę zabiegu embolizacji nad innymi rodzajami postępowania niemalże na każdej płaszczyźnie. Dodatkowo zabieg ten jest idealnym uzupełnieniem postępowania nieoperacyjnego. Jednakże embolizacja tak jak i każde inne postępowanie prowadzone w obrębie śledziony powinno być rozpatrywane indywidualnie i wielopłaszczyznowo z powodu istotnych funkcji pełnionych przez ten narząd. Słowa kluczowe: tępy uraz śledziony, embolizacja, mechaniczne uszkodzenie śledziony, embolizacja tętnicy śledzionowej powikłania; Wykaz skrótów: TK - tomografia komputerowa, AAST - skala opisująca ciężkość urazów organów jamy brzusznej Amerykańskiego Stowarzyszenia Chirurgii Urazowej, NOM - postępowanie nieoperacyjne

The familial aggregation of bladder cancers has been observed, but the incidence and association of familial bladder cancer with germline pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants is unknown.A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients with bladder cancer treated at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute to identify those with a first-degree relative with bladder cancer. A second cohort of patients referred to DFCI for suspicion of a cancer predisposition syndrome was analyzed for candidate P/LP germline variants. Descriptive statistics were generated.Among 885 patients with bladder cancer, 38 patients (4.3%) had a family history of bladder cancer in a first-degree relative. No significant association of age of diagnosis was observed between patients with and without a first-degree family history of bladder cancer (P = .3). In the second cohort, 27 of 80 (34%) patients with bladder cancer evaluated for cancer predisposition syndromes harbored a P/LP germline variant. P/LP variants were identified most commonly in the following genes: BRCA1 (n = 5), MSH2 (n = 5), MLH1 (n = 4), ATM (n = 3), and CHEK2 (n = 2). Of the 27 patients with identified germline P/LP variants, 20 (74%) had a family history of a tumor component syndrome in a first- or second-degree relative and 3 were subsequently diagnosed with another genetically-linked associated cancer.Familial bladder cancer defined as bladder cancer in the proband and a first-degree relative, was present in 4.3% of patients with bladder cancer and was not associated with age of diagnosis. Additionally, among patients suspected to have a familial cancer syndrome, one-third harbored a germline P/LP variant. Further study of germline variants in patients with familial bladder cancer including somatic testing for loss of heterozygosity may provide insights regarding disease pathogenesis and inform therapy.

Current treatment for patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) delays disease progression and improves survival, but resistance is inevitable. Additional therapies that prolong survival are needed. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with next-generation hormonal agents, such as enzalutamide, is standard-of-care for men with mHSPC. Emerging evidence suggests potential synergism between enzalutamide and the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in prostate cancer. The phase III randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind KEYNOTE-991 trial will investigate the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab versus placebo in combination with enzalutamide when initiating ADT in participants with mHSPC naive to next-generation hormonal agents. Approximately 1232 patients will be randomly assigned 1:1 to receive pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks or placebo every 3 weeks, both with enzalutamide 160 mg once daily and ADT. Dual primary end points are overall survival and radiographic progression-free survival. Secondary end points include time to first subsequent therapy, time to symptomatic skeletal related event, objective response rate and safety and tolerability. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04191096 ( ClinicalTrials.gov ).

The article presents an outline of the author’s concept of the transfer of educational capital. In particular, attention was paid to the essence of this type of transfer and to its individual and group dimensions. The concepts of conscious and unconscious transfer were introduced and in this context analyzes were made taking into account formal and informal education. The conditions for effective transfer were indicated, and the necessity to properly prepare teachers, lecturers and employers to share knowledge, skills and social competences was emphasized.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is effective in the management of patients with depression and anxiety. However, it is not known if it is effective in the case of anxiety and depression following SARS-CoV2 and NeuroCOVID-19 infection. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of stimulating the brain with the use of a tDCS protocol ameliorated by a functional neuromarker, and here based on HBI methodology to reduce anxiety and depression following SARS-CoV2 infection and NeuroCOVID-19 contraction. A 47-year-old patient manifested severe anxiety and depression following a stroke following SARS-CoV2 infection and Neuro- COVID-19 contraction. The anxiety and depression were diagnosed using the HAD-Scale (Zigmond, Snaith 1983). A score of 8 to 10 is broad ly accepted as indicating mild symptoms, a score between 11- 16 suggests moderate anxiety or depression, and a score of 16 or more indicates severe anxiety or depressive symptoms. The patient received anodal tDCS to the left DLPFC using two different application protocols. Initially, a stimulation session of 2 milliamperes (mA) intensity for 20 minutes was administered every working day for 2 weeks. After 3 weeks, she subsequently received 7 daily sessions of periodic stimulations of an intensity of 2 mA for 13 minutes each with 20 minutes intersession intervals for 1 week. It was found that tDCS delivered via the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was effective in the reduction of post-stroke anxiety and depression following SARS- CoV2 infection and NeuroCOVID-19 contraction. Immediately follow- ing the final session of the initial protocol of stimulation, the Had Score was reduced for anxiety from 18 to 6 points, and for depression from 17 to 5 points and the symptoms disappeared. The HBI methodology allowed for the detection of a functional neuromarker of anxiety and depression and the development of a tDCS protocol. It was found that tDCS delivered via the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was effective in the reduction of post-stroke anxiety and depression following SARS-CoV2 infection and NeuroCOVID-19 contraction.

The phytohormone auxin is the major coordinative signal in plant development

We describe the MalariaGEN Pf7 data resource, the seventh release of Plasmodium falciparum genome variation data from the MalariaGEN network. It comprises over 20,000 samples from 82 partner studies in 33 countries, including several malaria endemic regions that were previously underrepresented. For the first time we include dried blood spot samples that were sequenced after selective whole genome amplification, necessitating new methods to genotype copy number variations. We identify a large number of newly emerging crt mutations in parts of Southeast Asia, and show examples of heterogeneities in patterns of drug resistance within Africa and within the Indian subcontinent. We describe the profile of variations in the C-terminal of the csp gene and relate this to the sequence used in the RTS,S and R21 malaria vaccines. Pf7 provides high-quality data on genotype calls for 6 million SNPs and short indels, analysis of large deletions that cause failure of rapid diagnostic tests, and systematic characterisation of six major drug resistance loci, all of which can be freely downloaded from the MalariaGEN website.

Coral reef development is intricately linked to both climate and the concentration of atmospheric CO2, specifically through temperature and carbonate chemistry in the upper ocean. In turn, the calcification of corals modifies the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity in the ocean, impacting air-sea gas exchange, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and ultimately the climate. This retroaction between atmospheric conditions and coral biogeochemistry can only be accounted for with a coupled coral-carbon-climate model. Here we present the implementation of a coral reef calcification module into an Earth System model. Simulated coral reef production of the calcium carbonate mineral aragonite depends on photosynthetically active radiation, nutrient concentrations, salinity, temperature and the aragonite saturation state. An ensemble of 210 parameter perturbation simulations was performed to identify carbonate production parameter values that optimise the simulated distribution of coral reefs and associated carbonate production. The tuned model simulates the presence of coral reefs and regional-to-global carbonate production values in good agreement with data-based estimates. The model enables assessment of past and future coral-climate coupling on seasonal to millennial timescales, highlighting how climatic trends and variability may affect reef development and the resulting climate-carbon feedback.

Ocean acidification is likely to impact all stages of the ocean carbonate pump, i.e. the production, export, dissolution and burial of biogenic CaCO3. However, the associated feedbacks on anthropogenic carbon uptake and ocean acidification have received little attention. It has previously been shown that Earth system model (ESM) carbonate pump parameterizations can affect and drive biases in the representation of ocean alkalinity, which is critical to the uptake of atmospheric carbon and provides buffering capacity towards associated acidification. In the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), we show divergent responses of CaCO3 export at 100 m this century, with anomalies by 2100 ranging from -74 % to +23 % under a high-emissions scenario. The greatest export declines are projected by ESMs that consider pelagic CaCO3 production to depend on the local calcite/aragonite saturation state. Despite the potential effects of other processes on alkalinity, there is a robust negative correlation between anomalies in CaCO3 export and salinity-normalized surface alkalinity across the CMIP6 ensemble. Motivated by this relationship and the uncertainty in CaCO3 export projections across ESMs, we perform idealized simulations with an ocean biogeochemical model and confirm a limited impact of carbonate pump anomalies on twenty-first century ocean carbon uptake and acidification. However between 2100 and 2300, we highlight a potentially abrupt shift in the dissolution of CaCO3 from deep to subsurface waters when the global scale mean calcite saturation state reaches about 1.23 at 500 m (likely when atmospheric CO2 reaches 900 to 1100 ppm). During this shift, upper ocean acidification due to anthropogenic carbon uptake induces deep ocean acidification driven by a substantial reduction in CaCO3 deep dissolution following its decreased export at depth. Although the effect of a diminished carbonate pump on global ocean carbon uptake and surface ocean acidification remains limited until 2300, it can have a large impact on regional air-sea carbon fluxes, particularly in the Southern Ocean.