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Efficiency of economic activity of 85 regions of the Russian Federation is analyzed in this article. The purpose of the research is assessment the interregional inequality of the Russian regions. The analysis was based on the total tax revenues collected within all the Russian regions. The research was based on methods of analysis and synthesis, analogy and generalization, comparison and comparison, induction and deduction, economic-mathematical and statistical methods of estimation of income inequality. For its implementation, coefficients and indices were used: Lorentz, Ginny, Robin Hood, Theil, Atkinson, and Herfindahl-Hirschman. Part of the analysis was performed in the analytical module of the information system “Taxes of the Russian Federation”. Based on the Russian Federation subjects’ economic activity model, it is concluded that the total tax revenues collected on regions reflect the effectiveness of its functioning. A more accurate picture is described with the quotient of the tax revenues’ division by the labor resources engaged in their creation. Based on the methods used and data provided by the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation and Rosstat, was made of the uniformity of tax revenue collection among 85 subjects of the Russian Federation in the period from 2015 to 2020, all applied coefficients and indices were calculated. Using the share of employed population and tax revenues, the Lorenz curves and size diagrams (box plot) for the ratio of these shares (r) in the period under consideration are constructed and the emissions (outlier) in the distribution of tax revenues are determined. The dynamics of tax revenues and their variation are estimated. The obtained values of inequality indicators and indices showed that the distribution of tax revenues among 85 regions of the Russian Federation is uneven. Simultaneously, this situation is evident throughout the period under review. The subjects whose tax income values can be attributed to outliers have been identified. It is concluded that the problem of uneven development of regions of the country is traced through centuries. A way out of this situation is to use differentiated financial and tax policies in relation to different regions of the country.

Introduction. Scoliosis is a symptom of scoliotic disease, which is a polyetiological disease characterized by a certain symptom complex of morphological and functional changes in the spine, chest and internal organs. The greatest detectability of the disease occurs at the age of 8–13, during the period of the intensive skeleton growth, and during this period the most dangerous feature of scoliosis manifests itself — its steady and rapid progression in every 3–4th child. Despite the successful development of orthopedics, the treatment of scoliotic disease still remains a rather difficult problem. Osteopathic correction can potentially complement existing treatment schemes and increase their effectiveness.The aim of the study is to substantiate the possibility of osteopathic correction in the treatment of pediatric patients with grade I idiopathic scoliosis.Materials and methods. A prospective randomized controlled trial enrolled 50 patients aged 4 to 11 years with grade I idiopathic scoliosis. The study participants were divided into two groups by simple randomization. The control group participants received standard orthopedic treatment, and the main group participants received osteopathic correction. The osteopathic status and the degree of spinal curvature were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study.Results. Osteopathic correction of pediatric patients with grade I idiopathic scoliosis is accompanied by a decrease in the number of regional and local somatic dysfunctions and the frequency of detection of regional biomechanical disorders (pConclusion. The obtained results make it possible to consider the possibility of recommending of osteopathic correction for childhood patients with grade I idiopathic scoliosis.

Most oil fields worldwide are stored in carbonate rocks, which vary in rock and fluid properties. Heterogeneity, thickness, and depth play vital roles in the selection of specific acid stimulation to improve the productivity and injectivity of the wells from near-wellbore damaged formation resulting from overbalance drilling. This paper describes the integrated workflow that guides petroleum engineers in the selection of optimum acid stimulation techniques and technologies for a specific field.Specifically, this work discusses the stimulation strategies in the form of a stimulation workflow that considers various aspects to achieve the stimulation objectives. The stimulation objectives are also streamlined for the well objectives, which mainly consider the well completion approach. Considering the well completion and well objective, the stimulation strategies highlight the conveyance selections, fluid selections, and the methodologies. Guidelines are provided as examples for fluid specification. Some comparisons of the stimulation fluids are also shown to consider the advantages and disadvantages of each application. Example simulation and case studies show various applications in UAE.Numerous new technologies and different acid types have been tested worldwide on different carbonate rocks whereas very limited information exists on a tailored acid stimulation workflow that can be fit to the needs of a specific field. The developed workflow is an integrated holistic guidance based on worldwide best practice of acid stimulation and can facilitate and guide technical expertise for production and cost optimization in different oil and gas fields. The latest stimulation technologies are highlighted for the reference on the case studies.

Force-free current sheets are local plasma structures with field-aligned electric currents and approximately uniform plasma pressures. Such structures, widely found throughout the heliosphere, are sites for plasma instabilities and magnetic reconnection, the growth rate of which is controlled by the structure's current sheet configuration. Despite the fact that many kinetic equilibrium models have been developed for one-dimensional (1D) force-free current sheets, their two-dimensional (2D) counterparts, which have a magnetic field component normal to the current sheets, have not received sufficient attention to date. Here, using particle-in-cell simulations, we search for such 2D force-free current sheets through relaxation from an initial, magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium. Kinetic equilibria are established toward the end of our simulations, thus demonstrating the existence of kinetic force-free current sheets. Although the system currents in the late equilibrium state remain field aligned as in the initial configuration, the velocity distribution functions of both ions and electrons systematically evolve from their initial drifting Maxwellians to their final time-stationary Vlasov state. The existence of 2D force-free current sheets at kinetic equilibrium necessitates future work in discovering additional integrals of motion of the system, constructing the kinetic distribution functions, and eventually investigating their stability properties., Comment: Published in ApJ, 20 pages with 14 figures

The subject of the research is the experience of creating and functioning of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the R.G. Kuzeev Institute of Ethnological Research of the UFRC RAS (MAE IEI UFRC RAS), which is an integral part of the academic museum network formed in the second half of the twentieth century. For a long time, the museum has been exhibiting objects that demonstrate the results of archaeological and ethnographic research in the field of studying the history and culture of the peoples of the Southern Urals. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of the creation of the museum, to consider its development to date; to analyze the main directions of work and the results of museum activities, as well as to determine the specifics and prospects for the development of museum activities of the IEI of the UFRC RAS. In the course of the research, the names of scientists and specialists who participated in the formation of collections are named, information about the acquisition of museum funds and state accounting of objects is provided, the features of exposition activity are highlighted, the most interesting exhibitions and current work in this direction are noted, the implementation of excursion activities is shown, the results of project work are highlighted and the most significant projects are described. Attention is also paid to the results of research activities based on archaeological and ethnographic funds, since this work makes a significant contribution to the development of historical science.

In this paper, we consider a certain class of anisotropic second-order elliptic equations of divergent type with variable indices of nonlinearities. We examine conditions of the solvability in the whole space ℝn, n ≥ 2. We prove the existence of solutions without restrictions to the growth rate as |x| → ∞.

J Assist Reprod Genet . 2021 Feb 22. doi: 10.1007/s10815-021-02118-z. Online ahead of print. Improved maturation competence of ovarian tissue oocytes using a biphasic in vitro maturation system for patients with gynecological malignancy: a study on sibling oocytes Anastasia Kirillova 1, Ekaterina Bunyaeva 2, Heidi Van Ranst 3, Grigory Khabas 2, Maria Farmakovskaya 2, Nail Kamaletdinov 2, Tatiana Nazarenko 2, Aydar Abubakirov 2, Gennady Sukhikh 2, Johan E J Smitz 4 Affiliations expand PMID: 33619680 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02118-z Abstract Purpose: To investigate the developmental competence of ovarian tissue oocytes from patients with gynecological tumors using a biphasic in vitro maturation system with capacitation (CAPA-IVM) in comparison with standard IVM. Methods: This sibling pilot study included 210 oocytes in 10 patients with gynecological malignancies. After ovariectomies, ovaries were cut into even halves and immature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were retrieved from the ovarian tissue. COCs were separately cultured in either a biphasic CAPA-IVM system for 53 h or in standard IVM for 48 h. After IVM, all COCs were denuded and mature oocytes were either vitrified (N=5) or used for ICSI (N=5). Embryos were cultured for 5-6 days and obtained blastocysts were vitrified. Results: Use of the CAPA-IVM system led to a higher meiotic maturation rate in ovarian tissue oocytes (OTO) compared to standard IVM (56 vs 35%, p=0.0045) and had a tendency to result in lower degeneration after IVM. Only the CAPA-IVM method supported blastocyst formation. Conclusions: The biphasic in vitro maturation system improved the competence of OTO in comparison to the standard IVM method. The study suggests that fertility preservation programs could become more efficient using IVM after capacitation culture. Keywords: CNP; Fertility preservation; Gynecological cancer; IVM; Oocyte vitrification.

Axillary dissection leads to the formation of a cavity in which serous fluid accumulates after surgery and causes seroma formation. The high frequency of this complication causes the need for preventive measures. Effective use of this preventive measures will reduce the economic burden on the medical institution, accelerate the rehabilitation of patients and improve their quality of life. This review article presents an analysis of the causes of formation and possible methods for preventing the development of seroma, with an assessment of their effectiveness.

The article deals with the prospects of developing significant world reserves of high-viscosity oil. Its production requires specific equipment and technologies, selection of efficient equipment, as well as a special approach in its operation. At the same time it is necessary to take into account the influence of high viscosity on the main characteristics of pumps and on the operating conditions of the equipment in the well. The reasons for unstable operation of the ESP at start-up after long stops are described. The methods of recalculation of characteristics of pumps for oil production of common design are offered. Some results of researches of such pumps on viscous liquid and recommendations on calculation of a flowing part are provided. The possibilities of pumps with open impeller stages and with increased shaft speeds are determined. Additional reasons for decreasing the characteristics of the pump on the viscous fluid, results of the test of stage assembly with measurement of average circumferential components of flow rates at different viscosity of the pumped fluid are given. The possibility of using helico-axial pumps is also considered. Application of modern programs and methods of equipment selection and operation, ESP rotor speed regulation, liquid temperature regulation in tubing and automation of the whole oil production process is recommended. Possible design changes of the ESP in the process of tubing production for the purpose of increasing their efficiency in comparison with the serial pumps are specified. The article can be useful for specialists in design, selection and operation of equipment for high-viscosity oil production.

The method of path integrals is used to average the magnetic-induction equation written for the vector potential over the velocity field. This approach avoids the assumption that the random field is two-scale, replacing it with the assumption of short time correlations. As a result of averaging, the classical equation of the mean field is obtained, at least for a homogeneous and isotropic medium. Based on the developed approach, the problem of the average field solenoidality is discussed, as well as a possible generalization of the method to the case of a statistically inhomogeneous and anisotropic flow.

Manufacturing industry functioning efficiency on the territory of the Russian Federation has been analysed. Statistical data offered by the Federal Tax Service and the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia have been used for research. The object of the study is 85 subjects of the Russian Federation, the subject of the study is the type of economic activity “Manufacturing”, which operates on their territories. The methodological basis of the research were the general scientific methods of cognition. As special methods of cognition, statistical methods were chosen. The index method as a private scientific method has been used. An indicator of the effectiveness of the economic activity “Manufacturing” has been developed. The structure of tax revenues and employed population by type of economic activity in 2017 has been studied. A distribution of subjects by type of economic activity “Manufacturing” has been created.

Collisionless shocks are known to be natural sources of suprathermal particles, but the mechanism resulting in acceleration of thermal electrons to suprathermal energies still remains elusive. The problem is, that the Diffusive Shock Acceleration (DSA) becomes efficient only for suprathermal electrons, which fluxes in the far upstream region are relatively low. Recent studies have shown that the so-called Stochastic Shock Drift Acceleration (SSDA) mechanism can potentially provide the necessary pre-acceleration of incoming thermal electrons to suprathermal energies. In this mechanism, electrons are temporarily kept trapped in the shock transition region due to magnetic mirror reflection by the magnetic ramp and pitch-angle scattering of electrons trying to escape upstream by wave turbulence. Spacecraft measurements showed that broadband electrostatic turbulence is always present in the Earth’s bow shock, but its efficiency in scattering suprathermal electrons has not been estimated up to date. In this study we have quantified the electron scattering by the broadband electrostatic turbulence and, specifically, by electrostatic solitary waves (ion holes) substantially contributing to this turbulence in the Earth’s bow shock. Adopting the solitary wave and turbulence parameters typical of the Earth’s bow shock, we obtain quasi-linear scattering rates and compare these scattering rates to the results of test-particle simulations. This analysis showed that scattering of suprathermal electrons by the osberved electrostatic turbulence is relatively well estimated by the quasi-linear approach. We estimated the quasi-linear scattering rates at various energies and pitch-angles and demonstrated that the electrostatic turbulence in the Earth’s bow shock can provide pre-acceleration of thermal electrons from a few tens of eV to a few hundred eV via the SSDA mechanism. This work was supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation, Project No. 19–12-00313

В современном мире инфразвук широко применяется в качестве физического понятия. Однако, не многие знают, что в практической части он рассматривается и как массовое оружие. В статье рассмотрены основные понятия, связанные и инфразвуком и его воздействию на человека. Также, были приведены краткие сведения о физической направленности возникновения данного явления и методе борьбы с ним. Были сделаны выводы о необходимости регулирования и подавления шумов на производстве в рамках санитарных норм. In the modern world, infrasound is widely used as a physical concept. However, not many people know that in the practical part it is also considered as a mass weapon. The article discusses the basic concepts associated with infrasound and its impact on humans. Also, brief information was given about the physical orientation of the occurrence of this phenomenon and the method of dealing with it. Conclusions were drawn about the need to regulate and suppress noise in production within the framework of sanitary standards.

The United Arab Emirates oil and gas reservoirs are continuously intersected with a growing number of horizontal wells and longer drains at varying bottomhole static temperatures. This results in a variety of naturally flowing and more challenging wells where stimulation is required for sustainable flow. Hence it became important to not only rely on plain acid systems for production gain, but to also include more sophisticated acid stimulation systems that can provide improved results in more challenging environments where plain acid may be found lacking. These results were recently achieved via the introduction of single-phase retarded acid (SPRA) as well as viscoelastic diverting acid (VEDA) in inactive wells offshore. The application of SPRA and VEDA was subsequent to extensive laboratory testing including core flow tests, solubility tests, and emulsion tendency testing to the performance of these blends against existing acid recipes such as plain HCl and polymer-based diverting acid. These tests proved that a combination of SPRA and VEDA would allow maximizing lateral coverage in heterogenous reservoirs due to the chemical diversion capabilities from thief zones without imposing further damage that polymer-based diverted acids may cause. The combined SPRA and VEDA would also enhance acid wormhole penetration due to the reduced rate of reaction caused by acid retardation. Such tests were supported with software simulations that provided acid dosage, pumping rate, and pumping method sensitives. Proposing SPRA and VEDA at higher pumping rates enabled the delivery of previously unattainable production influx at sustainable wellhead pressures. In addition, 28% acid content typically used for dolomitic reservoirs was considered unnecessary as 20% retarded acid proved sufficient in such environments. This allowed bullheading treatments, which was previously not possible due to the restriction on pumping 28% acid content across wellheads to avoid causing corrosive damage. Other treatment parameters such as volumes, rates, and acid/diverter sequence and ratio were also adjusted for optimal wormhole penetration across all zones using a fit-for-purpose carbonate matrix acidizing modeling software. The success of SPRA and VEDA was clear in post-treatment evaluation for the cases of previously shut-in wells. These wells were able to produce sustainably at the required tubinghead pressure (production line pressure) after unsuccessful attempts to flow prior to stimulation. The novelty of this paper is the assessment between legacy carbonate stimulation results in UAE using plain HCl acid and polymer-based diverting acid (PDA) and using SPRA and VEDA in shut-in or inactive wells. It also highlights the game-changing solutions that suit the increasing challenges observed in offshore inactive wells including well placement, lithology, bottomhole static temperature, and permeability contrast.

Globally, dolomite formations are important reservoirs for oil and gas. Acid stimulation is commonly used to extend the life of carbonate reservoirs, and a good understanding of the fluid performance is essential for effective treatment design. Three acids, hydrochloric acid (HCl), emulsified HCl, and a single-phase retarded acid based on HCl, were assessed for their ability to create wormholes in Silurian dolomite under laboratory conditions using a standard core flow experiment. Select cores were imaged by X-ray computed tomography to visualize the wormhole morphology. Similar experiments in Indiana limestone was used as a control. The core flow experiments showed that the pore volume to break-through (PVbt) values for the retarded acids in Indiana limestone were less sensitive to changes in temperature overall than unmodified HCl. For Silurian dolomite though, the opposite is observed. HCl has uniformly high PVbt values at lower (200 °F) and higher (325 °F). The emulsified acid and the single-phase retarded acid are more efficient than HCl, but the difference is smaller at 325 °F. Core images revealed that all three fluids had some degree of wormhole branching at 200 °F and much less branching at 325 °F. By visual inspection, the single-phase retarded acid has less ramification than HCl and the emulsified acid. Overall, the results show that retarded acids should make effective stimulation fluids for dolomite reservoirs.

With the expanding offshore rig activity in United Arab Emirates leading to an increased number of horizontal wells and longer drains, coupled with changing rock fabrics, it became imperative to diverge from the existing stimulation methods to deliver more consistent and reliable results. These results were achieved via the introduction of single-phase retarded acid (SPRA) and viscoelastic diverting acid (VEDA) to both active and shut-in wells offshore. The introduction of SPRA and VEDA was possible after extensive laboratory testing including core flow tests, solubility tests, emulsion tendency testing, and corrosion inhibition tests to evaluate and benchmark the performance of these blends in comparison to the existing acid recipes such as plain HCl and polymer-based diverted acid. These tests showed that a combination of SPRA and VEDA would allow maximizing lateral coverage and enhance acid penetration due to the reduced rate of reaction and chemical diversion capabilities from thief zones. Combining the introduction of SPRA and VEDA with a shift to bullheading and higher pumping rates enabled the delivery of previously unachievable production results at sustainable wellhead pressures or even well revival of shut-in wells. In addition, reduction of acid content for dolomite stimulation was possible due to the implementation of acid retardation, which also allowed protecting wellheads from exposure to higher acid concentrations while bullheading. Treatment parameters such as volumes, rates, and acid/diverter sequence and ratio were then adjusted for optimal wormhole penetration across all zones using a new carbonate matrix acidizing modeling software. Post-treatment evaluation for the cases of previously shut-in wells has proven the success of the SPRA and VEDA combination. Shut-in wells that were unable to produce sustainably at the required tubing-head pressure (production flowline pressure), were able to produce sustainably with a 100% increase in production compared to prestimulation testing. Similarly, for gas wells, the combination of SPRA and VEDA resulted in a 50% increase in production at a similar bottomhole pressure. In addition, water injectors have also exhibited sustainably increased levels of injectivity compared to prestimulation levels, leading to better sweepage. The novelty of this paper is the comparison between historical carbonate stimulation results in UAE using plain HCl acid with polymer-based diverted acid and using SPRA with VEDA. It also sheds light on the game-changing solutions that suit the ever-increasing challenges observed in offshore oil and gas wells including well placement, lithology, permeability contrast, and type of hydrocarbon within the various target sublayers.

The complex matter-field lattice model is a ubiquitous and universal physics model that directly links to many universal spin models. However, finding the ground state of such a model for the most general interactions between the lattice sites is an NP-hard problem. The knowledge of the ground state is crucially essential for the range of applications from quantum annealing to predicting new materials and understanding the behaviour of spin glasses. Here we show how letting the quantised quasi-3D vortex loops pass through the system during the dissipative quench dynamics helps it find its ground state. Such quantized vortices mediated annealing (QVMA) is achieved by introducing and dynamically changing selected couplings between the lattice sites that either affect the local dimensionality of the medium or change the local mobility of the defects. Analysing the performance of QVMA on strongly glassy systems, we demonstrate that QVMA represents a highly efficient mode of physics enhanced computation., 9 pages, 9 figures

The article gives brief characteristics and description of the work on scientific collections organized at the Academic Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography, which represents the totality of archaeological and ethnographic collections of the R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Studies, Ufa Federal Research Centre, RAS. The author highlights the main areas of scientific work reflecting the features of the functioning of the museum and the development of long-term scientific research studies in archaeology and ethnography.

The molecular structures of non-IPR C40 fullerene isomers 31 (Cs), 38 (D2) and 39 (D5d) were studied using a semiempirical approach developed earlier for higher fullerenes. Quantumchemical calculations (DFT) showed that they have closed shells. The distributions of single, double and delocalized π bonds in the test isomer molecules and their molecular formulas are presented for the first time.

Reconstruction of natural-looking breast involves the restoration of all the constituent elements that define the identity of a normal breast. The inframammary fold is one of the main anatomical elements that determine the shape of the breast. That is why the technical features of various methods of the inframammary fold reconstruction affect the final aesthetic result of the reconstructive surgery. This article considers a comparative evaluation of the quality of life and satisfaction with the reconstructed breast after the two-stage breast reconstruction with different inframammary fold creation techniques.

The subject of the research is the economies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the branches of economic activity functioning in their territories. The aim of the study is to develop methods for assessing the efficiency of economic sectors and types of economic activity within the boundaries of 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation and to create a rating of the efficiency of the constituent entities by the type of economic activity “Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water”. Economic and statistical methods, system analysis, as well as general scientific methods of comparison were used. The main calculations are based on the tax revenue efficiency index developed by the authors by types of economic activity. It is based on 13 indicators, where each corresponds to the type of economic activity and assesses the level of economic development of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The authors analyzed the reports on tax revenues and the number of employed population in the context of economic activities. Data analysis and parameter estimation were carried out by means of the statistical information processing program IBM SPSS Statistics 20, the analytical module of the Russian Taxes regional tax revenue information analysis system and the MS Excel 365 tabular processor. Based on the proposed method, the distribution of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation was obtained according to the values index of tax revenues for all types of economic activity in 2016. The effectiveness of tax revenues for individual indicators included in the index was considered. The distribution of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation by the type of economic activity “Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water” was obtained. The distribution indicators for each constituent entity of the Russian Federation were calculated. Graphs showing the structure of the tax revenues efficiency index in the Moscow region and in the Altai Republic in 2016 were built. The proposed method allows to obtain a comprehensive indicator of the system’s activities and development, to assess its potential, to define goals, to identify infrastructural problems and the shortcomings in economic diversification, as well as to evaluate investment risks and threats.

We present analysis of about one hundred bipolar structures of positive polarity identified in ten quasi-perpendicular crossings of the Earth's bow shock by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. The bipolar structures have amplitudes up to a few tenths of local electron temperature, spatial scales of a few local Debye lengths, and plasma frame speeds of the order of local ion-acoustic speed. We argue that the bipolar structures of positive polarity are slow electron holes, rather than ion-acoustic solitons. The electron holes are typically above the transverse instability threshold, which we argue is due to high values of the ratio [Formula: see text] between electron plasma and cyclotron frequencies. We speculate that the transverse instability can strongly limit the lifetime of the electron holes, whose amplitude is above a certain threshold, which is only a few mV/m in the Earth's bow shock. We suggest that electron surfing acceleration by large-amplitude electron holes reported in numerical simulations of high-Mach number shocks might not be as efficient in realistic shocks, because the transverse instability strongly limits the lifetime of large-amplitude electron holes at [Formula: see text] values typical of collisionless shocks in nature.

The electrostatic fluctuations are always present in the Earth's bow shock at frequencies above about 100 Hz, but the effects of this wave activity on electron dynamics have not been quantified yet. In this paper, we quantify electron pitch-angle scattering by electrostatic solitary waves, which make up a substantial part of the electrostatic fluctuations in the Earth's bow shock and were recently shown to be predominantly ion holes. We present analytical estimates and test-particle simulations of electron pitch-angle scattering by ion holes typical of the Earth's bow shock and conclude that this scattering can be rather well quantified within the quasi-linear theory. We use the observed distributions of ion hole parameters to estimate pitch-angle scattering rates by the ensemble of ion holes typical of the Earth's bow shock. We use the recently proposed theory of stochastic shock drift acceleration to show that pitch-angle scattering of electrons by the electrostatic fluctuations can keep electrons in the shock transition region long enough to support acceleration of thermal electrons by a factor of a few tens, that is up to a few hundred eV. Importantly, the electrostatic fluctuations can be more efficient in pitch-angle scattering of [Formula: see text] keV electrons, than typically observed whistler waves.

We present Magnetospheric Multiscale observations showing large numbers of slow electron holes with speeds clustered near the local minimum of double-humped velocity distribution functions of background ions. Theoretical computations show that slow electron holes can avoid the acceleration that otherwise prevents their remaining slow only under these same circumstances. Although the origin of the slow electron holes is still elusive, the agreement between observation and theory about the conditions for their existence is remarkable.

Slow electron holes, that are electrostatic solitary waves propagating with velocities comparable to the ion thermal velocity, can contribute to plasma heating and provide an anomalous resistivity in various space plasma systems. In addition, the analysis of electron holes allows revealing instabilities operating on time scales not resolved by plasma instruments. We present experimental analysis of more than 100 slow electron holes in the Earth’s bow shock and more than 1000 slow electron holes in the Earth’s nightside magnetosphere. We show that in both regions, the electron holes have similar parameters. The spatial scales are in the range from 1 to 10 Debye lengths, amplitudes of the electrostatic potential are typically below 0.1 of local electron temperature, velocities in the plasma rest frame are of the order of local ion-acoustic velocity. We show that in both regions the electron holes are most likely produced by Buneman-type instabilities. We develop theoretical models of the electron holes and compare them to MMS observations. The lifetime and the transverse instability of the electron holes are discussed.This work was supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation, Project No. 19–12-00313

It is well-known that the small non-IPR fullerenes Cn (n

The article presents a methodology for determining quantitative indicators of the quality of documents of station commercial reporting SCR. The attributes of the document quality components are described. The relations between the documents are determined, while the direct and indirect relations for subsequent documents are revealed. To quantify the quality of the documents SCR proposed methodology consists of the following stages: determination of quality characteristics of documents SCR; determine the methods and procedures for measuring and evaluating the selected quality characteristics; quantitative assessment of quality characteristics using the proposed methods. To substantiate the adequacy of the research results based on the theory of a dynamic probabilistic loaded graph, a model of a dynamic probabilistic technological process is developed.

Treating deep hot carbonate reservoirs, such as those found in the Arabian Gulf, presents a series of complex and related challenges to achieve effective and uniform stimulation. Due to the elevated temperature and heterogeneous formation, achieving good reservoir contact with an acid system along the entire interval of interest requires robust treatment fluids that can withstand the harsh environment. Recently, a novel single-phase retarded acid (SPRA) system and an engineered degradable large-sized particulate and fiber-laden diverter (LPFD) were introduced in a well in the Arabian Gulf, yielding strong results for the stimulation treatment. The SPRA, a 15% HCl-based acid system, showed excellent performance in a high-temperature environment (320°F). The fluid delivered similar friction pressures to unmodified 15% HCl, wormholing performance equivalent to emulsified acid without encountering the issues of fluid quality with respect to emulsion stability, and much higher dissolution power than organic acids and chelating agents. The pressure drop after the first acid stage was over 1,000 psi in about 60 min. After the second stage of acid, the pressure drop was close to 1,000 psi in about 30 min. Previous stimulation jobs in the region indicated a need for a significant amount of traditional diversion materials to achieve an effective plugging of the leakoff zones. A novel degradable LPFD system was introduced, achieving a significant increase of injection pressure (~1,000 psi) across the perforations. In addition to the effect on the diversion pressure, the implementation of the LPFD system has helped to reduce the footprint in offshore operations, has simplified materials handling, and has delivered the most efficient diversion performance in bullhead operations compared to other diverters. This article presents a novel method of stimulating deep hot offshore wells by combining an efficient SPRA and a unique degradable LPFD. These methods represent a step change to current practices and can be considered for effective stimulation in challenging carbonate formations.

The subject of this research is the Northern Latitudinal Railway project, including consideration of its priorities and drivers. The relevance of this topic is associated with the implementation of the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030 for the transport and logistics development of the Far North and access to the coast of the Arctic Ocean. The main purpose is to study the problems and prospects of the Northern Latitudinal Railway project. Materials and methods: analytical, marketing, design methods. Authors used materials of open access, official sites, own research results. Authors have considered project implementation priorities, drivers, bottlenecks, options for further development. The implementation of the project will not only double the existing capacity of the transport infrastructure of the macroregion, but also involve a wide range of minerals in the economy, ensure a stable presence of Russia in the western and central sectors of the Arctic.

It is well-known that the small non-IPR fullerenes C

Cosmic positron anomaly is still not explained. Explanation with dark matter (DM) decay or annihilation is one of the main attempts to do it. But they suffer with shortcoming as overproduction of induced gamma-radiation which contradict to cosmic gamma-background. Final state radiation (FSR) in such processes is supposed under standard conditions (by default) to have the basic contribution in it. Our group elaborates possibility to evade this problem in different ways. Here we continue one of them connected with possibility of suppression of FSR due to specifics of Lagrangian describing DM particle decay. Loop through two new spinors and scalar is considered. Effect of FSR suppression is found to be existing but at the very low level in the considered case., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures

The article describes the process of destruction of soil lumps on sifting separators of potato harvesters, based on the theory of low-cycle fatigue strength, based on the position that the destruction occurs as a result of the presence of initial defects and consists in the nucleation and development of cracks present in the body. A probabilistic model of reducing to “pass-through” sizes of large soil particles is considered, considering not only their destructive, but also hardening effect of cyclic loads of sifting separators, as well as the effect of areas of load application to the lump on the intensity of the destruction process and the purity of the heap. The conclusion was obtained that it is possible to increase the efficiency of the process of destruction of soil particles when using vibration effects. A design is proposed and the optimal parameters of a vibration separator with a reflector are determined.

The article substantiates the methodology for evaluating the technological operations of agricultural machines, based on entropy indicators of quality and stability. The variants of its definition, based on graphical constructions and analytical calculations, are considered. The stability factors of individual operations in the cultivation and harvesting of potatoes are given. The compliance of the levels of agrotechnical requirements with the quality of performance of individual operations has been evaluated The operations, that require further improvement of technologies and technical means for their implementation, are identified.

Laminar stratified two-phase flows in circular pipes are studied. Under the assumption that the wall-liquid wettability properties of the phases are identical, new exact analytical solutions in terms of elementary functions are constructed. The solutions satisfy the Navier–Stokes equations exactly in fluids and the boundary conditions on the pipe walls and the interface for the two cases: the pipe is horizontal and the capillarity forces dominate the gravity ones, the pipe is inclined and the volumetric quantities of liquids in the pipe are the same. For the second case, the capillarity and gravity forces can be arbitrary, but if the gravity forces dominate the capillarity ones, the assumption about the equal wall-liquid tensions of the phases can be withdrawn.

Topic . The article examines the problems associated with forecasting of the development prospects of the economy. Purpose . The creation of a model used to predict the replenishment of budgets of all levels. Analysis of the state of the Russian economy in general and its 85 re gions. Methodology . The research was conducted on the basis of economic and statistical techniques, system analysis, and scientific methods of comparison and mapping. The work applied the proposed the authors the term “macroeconomic production function” — an analog of the production function, which expresses the dependence of production results of the enterprise and factors of production. We used data on tax revenues for all kinds of taxes, employment and gross regional product contained in consolidated informationanalytical system of regional tax revenues “Taxes of Russia”. Data analysis and estimation of parameters was performed using the programs of statistical data processing — IBM SPSS Statistics 20. In the multiple regression procedure of SPSS it was used methods of inclusion, allowing step-by-step selection in a regression equation only the significant independent variables. Results . Based on the proposed model, we conducted the comparison of actual and estimated values of tax revenues for all the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2011 and 2014. We obtained the values of point estimates of the model parameters of macroeconomic production functions. Further, we provided simulation of the values of tax revenues for all the subjects of the Russian Federation for 2014 year. Next, we compared the actual and calculated (from the model) values of tax revenues. Finally, we present the results of comparing the actual and estimated (from the model) values of tax revenues for all the subjects of the Russian Federation for 2014 year. Conclusions . The dependence of tax revenues from the factor of labor productivity is constant for every year. With the growth of capital, the amount of tax incomes of subjects of the Russian Federation was threefold higher than increase in productivity of labor. It can be used for planning of economic development of regions.

Based on the theory of systems the conceptual model of functioning of the budget Russian Federation system is offered. The budget system is considered as the big diffusion system consisting of 85 social and economic subsystems. The analysis of profitable and account parts of the consolidated budget Russian Federation is carried out. Also the conceptual model of financial and economical activity of the territorial subject of the Russian Federation is offered. Financial and economic activities of two territorial subjects of the Russian Federation are researched.

Here we briefly review possible indirect effects of dark matter (DM) of the Universe. It includes effects in cosmic rays (CR): first of all, the positron excess at $\sim$ 500 GeV and possible electron-positron excess at 1-1.5 TeV. We tell that the main and least model-dependent constraint on such possible interpretation of CR effects goes from gamma-ray background. Even ordinary $e^+e^-$ mode of DM decay or annihilation produces prompt photons (FSR) so much that leads to contradiction with data on cosmic gamma-rays. We present our attempts to possibly avoid gamma-ray constraint. They concern peculiarities of both space distribution of DM and their physics. The latter involves complications of decay/annihilation modes of DM, modifications of Lagrangian of DM-ordinary matter interaction, and inclusion of mode with identical fermions in final state. In this way, no possibilities to suppress were found except, possibly, mode with identical fermions. While the case of spatial distribution variation allows achieving consistency between different data. Also we consider stable form of dark matter which can interact with baryons. We show which constraint such DM candidate can get from damping effect in plasma during large scale structure formation in comparison with other existing constraints., 20 pages, 14 figures

The direct measurements of the cosmic electron-positron spectrum around 1 TeV made by DAMPE have induced many theoretical speculations about possible excesses in the data above the standard astrophysical predictions that might have the dark matter (DM) origin. These attempts mainly fall into two categories: i) DM annihilation (or decay) in the Galactic halo producing the broad spectrum excess; ii) DM annihilation in the nearby compact subhalo producing the sharp peak at 1.4 TeV. We investigate the gamma-ray emission accompanying $e^+e^-$ production in DM annihilation, as well as various theoretical means to suppress the prompt radiation, such as specific interaction vertices or multi-cascade modes, and conclude that these attempts are in tension with various gamma-ray observations. We show that the DM explanations of the broad spectrum excess tend to contradict the diffuse isotropic gamma-ray background (IGRB), measured by Fermi-LAT, while the nearby subhalo scenario is constrained by nonobservation in the surveys, performed by Fermi-LAT, MAGIC and HESS. We also briefly review other types of gamma-ray constraints, which seem to rule out the DM interpretations of the DAMPE broad spectrum excess as well., Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures