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This paper reports on the levels of fatty acids and selected sterols in effluents and nearby water bodies at Mufindi Paper Mill (MPM), southern Tanzania. Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) was used for sample extraction, and analysis was performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). Fatty acids ranging from C11:0 to C25:0 were detected, with saturated fatty acids (SFA) being more abundant than unsaturated fatty acids (USFA). As for selected sterols, β-sitosterol and stigmastanol were more abundant than campesterol. The mean levels of SFA, USFA, β-sitosterol, stigmastanol, and campesterol (µg/L) were 538.28, 125.94, 1065.44, 1178.01, and 66.76, respectively, for untreated effluents, and 338.10, 139.03, 933.40, 153.92 and 57.82, respectively, for treated effluents. It was further established that the mean levels of SFA, USFA, β-sitosterol, stigmastanol, and campesterol (µg/L) were 321.29, 57.35, 58.37, 50.76, and 49.08, respectively, for effluents at the discharge point and 20.58, 17.72, 8.25, 10.55, and 6.05, respectively, at receiving water. Water bodies are therefore contaminated with lipophilic wood extractives since the mean concentration levels of USFA and sterols were above the lowest concentrations suspected to adversely affect fish (toxic limits (µg/L): USFA (2-8) and sterols (³10)).

In this short paper, we use a mix of scientometrics and DH methods to investigate a novel corpus of term papers from German students of the humanities, hoping to shed some light on undergrad citation practices.

Verdigris sodi med najpomembnejše in pogosto uporabljene pigmente zelene oziroma modrozelene barve od antike do 19. stoletja. Njegova barva se spreminja s časom in v odvisnosti od atmosferskih pogojev. Kljub slabi obstojnosti je bil med umetniki zelo priljubljen. Ker je semitransparenten in ne prekriva tiskarskega črnila, ga najdemo na iluminacijah, ilustracijah knjig in zemljevidih. Poznamo dve vrsti verdigrisa, in sicer nevtralni in bazični verdigris. Verdigris ne spreminja zgolj svoje barve, ampak povzroča tudi razgradnjo nosilca, na katerega je nanesen. Ker so ogrožena tudi številna zgodovinska umetniška dela, so študije stabilizacije pigmenta in razvoj konservatorsko-restavratorskih postopkov izjemnega pomena. V magistrskem delu sem raziskovala razgradnjo in možnosti za stabilizacijo različnih modelnih papirjev z nanesenim pigmentom verdigris. Študirala sem tri različne modelne papirje, in sicer Whatman No. 1 filtrirni papir kot referenčni papir in dva različna ročno izdelana papirja, ki sta podobna zgodovinskim papirjem. Vzorce papirja s pigmentom verdigris sem izpostavila pogojem termično pospešene razgradnje pri 50 °C in 65 % relativne vlažnosti, ki poteka primerljivo z razgradnjo pri sobnih pogojih. Za študije stabilizacije papirja sem uporabila dva antioksidanta, ki sta se do sedaj izkazala za najbolj učinkovita, in sicer 1(H)-benzotriazol (BTA) in tetrabutilamonijev bromid (TBABr). Z atomsko absorpcijsko spektroskopijo sem določila vsebnost bakra v modelnih vzorcih papirja in ugotovila, da lahko z uporabo ročne pršilke pripravimo vzorce z enakomernim nanosom pigmenta na papir. S spremljanjem pH vrednosti vzorcev papirja sem ugotovila, da do pretvorbe nevtralnega v bazični verdigris pride v prvem mesecu termično pospešene razgradnje. pH vrednosti papirja so pokazale, da za stabilizacijo papirja zadostuje zgolj uporaba ustreznega antioksidanta, brez dodatka alkalije oziroma sredstva za razkislinjenje. Tudi meritve spremembe barve vzorcev papirja nakazujejo na dejstvo, da se nevtralni verdigris sčasoma pretvarja v različne zelene oblike bazičnega verdigrisa. Izmed obeh antioksidantov je z vidika barvne obstojnosti takoj po nanosu najbolj učinkovit TBABr, saj so bile spremembe barve minimalne, vendar so bile po treh mesecih termično pospešene razgradnje bolj izrazite kot pri vzorcih, obdelanih z BTA. Poleg tega so na nekaterih vzorcih nastale črne pike, kar ni zaželeno. S spremljanjem stopnje polimerizacije (DP) celuloze sem ugotovila, da je najbolj učinkovit antioksidant za stabilizacijo TBABr, saj je bila razgradnja papirja, obdelanega s TBABr, po treh mesecih termično pospešene razgradnje v povprečju manjša za 33 % v primerjavi z neobdelanimi papirji. V nasprotju pa BTA ni izkazal pozitivnih učinkov na stabilizacijo papirja. Primerjava DP vrednosti, določenih z velikostno izključitveno kromatografijo in z viskozimetrijo, kaže, da bi lahko bila viskozimetrija primerna za določanje DP vrednosti za papir z verdigrisom. Meritve mehanskih lastnosti so pokazale, da pri neobdelanih vzorcih papirja po treh mesecih termično pospešene razgradnje ni prišlo do tako izrazite izgube mehanskih lastnosti, kot bi lahko pričakovali glede na določene vrednosti stopnje polimerizacije celuloze. Z ramansko spektroskopijo smo potrdili, da smo za pripravo barve uporabili nevtralni verdigris, ki se s časom spreminja v različne oblike bazičnega verdigrisa, ne glede na to, ali je papir obdelan z antioksidantom ali ne. Za stabilizacijo papirja z nanesenim pigmentom verdigris je na osnovi rezultatov najbolj primeren antioksidant TBABr, saj je bil pri zaviranju razgradnje papirja najbolj učinkovit. Poleg tega ni imel negativnega vpliva na pH vrednost papirja in ni povzročil izrazitih sprememb barve takoj po nanosu. Negativni učinek se je pokazal zgolj po treh mesecih termično pospešene razgradnje, saj so na nekaterih vzorcih pojavile črne pike. Vzrok za to je potrebno pred uporabo postopka na originalnih dokumentih natančno raziskati. Verdigris is one of the most important and frequently used green or blue-green pigments from antiquity until the 19th century. Its colour changes with time and depending on atmospheric conditions. Despite its poor durability, it was extremely popular among artists. Because it is semi-transparent and does not obscure the printed ink, it can be found on illuminations, book illustrations and maps. There are two types of Verdigris, namely neutral and basic Verdigris. Verdigris does not only change its colour, but also causes the degradation of the substrate on which it is applied. Since many historical works of art are also at risk, studies of pigment stabilization and the development of conservation-restoration procedures are of utmost importance. In my master’s thesis I investigated the degradation and possibilities for stabilization of various model papers with applied pigment Verdigris. I studied three different model papers, namely Whatman No. 1 filter paper as a reference paper and two different handmade papers that resemble historical papers. Paper samples with pigment Verdigris were exposed to conditions of thermal accelerated degradation at 50 °C and 65 % relative humidity, which are comparable to the degradation of paper with pigment Verdigris at ambient conditions. For paper stabilization studies, two antioxidants that have proven to be the most effective so far, 1(H)-benzotriazole (BTA) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr), were used. The copper content in model paper samples was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results show that an even application of the pigment on paper samples can be obtained using a spray gun. Monitoring the pH value of paper samples showed that the alteration of neutral to basic Verdigris occurs in the first month of thermal accelerated degradation. The pH values of paper indicate that for the stabilization of paper the use of an appropriate antioxidant, without the addition of alkali or deacidification agent, is sufficient. Measurements of the colour change of paper samples also indicate the fact that the neutral Verdigris eventually transforms into various forms of basic Verdigris. From the point of view of colour persistence immediately after application, TBABr is the most effective of the two antioxidants, as colour changes were minimal, but after three months of thermal accelerated degradation, the degradation was more pronounced than in samples treated with BTA. In addition, black spots appeared on some samples, which is not desirable. By monitoring the degree of polymerisation (DP) of cellulose, I found that the most suitable antioxidant for inhibiting cellulose degradation is TBABr, as the degradation of paper treated with TBABr was on average 33 % lower after three months of thermal accelerated degradation compared to untreated papers. In contrast, BTA did not show significant stabilization. Comparison of DP values, determined by size exclusion chromatography and by viscometry, indicates that viscometry may be suitable for determining DP values for Verdigris paper. Measurements of the mechanical properties showed that the untreated paper samples did not show as pronounced loss of mechanical properties after three months of thermal accelerated degradation as might be inferred from the determined values of the degree of polymerisation of cellulose. Using Raman spectroscopy, we confirmed that neutral Verdigris was used to prepare the colour, which changes over time into different forms of basic Verdigris, regardless of whether the paper is treated with an antioxidant or not. Based on the obtained results, the antioxidant TBABr is the most suitable for stabilizing paper with applied pigment Verdigris, as it was the most effective in inhibiting paper degradation. In addition, it had no negative effect on the pH value of paper and did not cause significant colour changes immediately after application. The negative effect became apparent only after three months of thermal accelerated degradation, as black dots appeared on some samples. The cause of the appearance of these black dots must be carefully studied before the treatment is used on original documents.

Oil-impregnated paper condenser transformer bushings are an important part of transformer equipment, and partial discharge (PD) occurred when defects exist on the condenser aluminum foil layers. Firstly, to study the PD process of the oil-paper insulated capacitance graded bushing with the defect of broken aluminum foil, a defective oil-paper bushing discharge sample is constructed to study the PD parameters and capacitance, and to discharge carbonization traces at different voltage levels. Then, in order to verify the process of condenser aluminum foil layer discharge and the space charge variation in the oil-paper insulation system of a sample model, the surface flashovers of a needle-plane discharge model based on the bipolar charge transport model and the hydrodynamic model was built. The simulation, by Transport of Diluted Species physics of COMSOL Multiphysics software, points out the discharge process of aluminum foil electrode caused by space charge action and electric field distortion under an electric field at different voltages. The results of simulation and sample bushing experiments showed that the PD process of the defective condenser foil layer is mainly divided into three stages: tip corona discharge, streamer in oil, and surface flashovers. The voltage amplitude is larger the more electrical branches are discharged and the shorter the discharge time is. The findings of the article have important implications for the discharge of the foil layer inside the oil-paper bushing.

Transformers play a crucial role in power systems. In this respect, fault diagnosis and aging state assessment have garnered significant attention from researchers. Herein, accelerated thermal aging and Raman scattering experiments are conducted on oil–paper insulation samples to accurately detect aging states. The samples are categorized into different aging stages based on the polymerization degree of the insulating paper. Principal component analysis (PCA), multi-dimensional scale change method (MDS), and isometric mapping algorithm (Isomap) are employed to extract features from the Raman spectra. Subsequently, the XGBoost strong classifier, optimized through Bayesian hyperparameter optimization (BO-XGBoost), is utilized to distinguish between four and ten states among 175 groups of samples after feature extraction. The subsequent classification results of the three feature-extraction methods are compared. The results indicate that Isoamp, which pertains to the manifold dimension transformation, achieves the highest average discriminative accuracy after feature extraction. The discriminative accuracies for aging states four and ten are 97.0% and 95.1% respectively, demonstrating that Raman spectroscopy manifold dimension transformation enhances the distinctiveness between samples of different aging states in the feature-extraction process. The diagnostic model constructed with Isomap and BO-XGBoost enables accurate discrimination of the aging states of oil–paper insulation.

With the growing concern for environmental protection and personal health, utilizing bio-based impregnated resin has become a sustainable approach for producing aldehyde-free decorative paper and in-house decorations. Our current work focuses on the preparation of an aldehyde-free resin (AFR) by formulating quaternized cellulose nanofibrils (QCNFs, Ave. width 10 ± 3 nm, Ave. length of and >500 nm) with aqueous acrylate emulsion. We analyzed the synthesized QCNFs, acrylate emulsion, and AFR by using various methods, including FTIR, XPS, XRD, TGA/DTG, and rheometer, to evaluate their applicability for impregnated paper processing. At a low coating weight of 4.0 g/m2, a 30.8% increase and 4.9-times increase in tensile strength and contact angle were detected, respectively. Meanwhile, the free aldehyde emission from the AFR-coated paper was found to be 0.1 mg/L even at a high coating weight of 18.8 g/m2, which is far below the E0 level requirement in the JAS 234:2003 criteria. Therefore, the surface coating of the decorative base paper was found to be competitive in covering the porous structure of the paper, reinforcing its mechanical strength, and providing high water resistance. Moreover, the lower free aldehyde emission from the AFR-coated paper ensures its safety and potential application in house decoration products.

Printable biosensors have gained numerous exciting advancements towards downstream applications in fundamental biomedical research, healthcare, food safety, environmental monitoring and governance, and to name a few. Particularly, paper-based printable biosensors have gained rising popularity in providing affordable platforms due to their merits, such as cost-effective, accurate, simple, and efficient detection of diseases for clinical diagnosis. In addition to advantages and opportunities in point-of-care detection, printable biosensors are also facing challenges. Herein, this review aims to provide a systematic summary of the development of printable biosensors, with a special focus on paper-based printable biosensors. Different types of substrates for printable biosensors are highlighted first. Then we mainly focus on paper substrates with superior properties like low-cost, simple, flexible, lightweight, recyclable, etc. In addition, current printing technologies to fabricate paper-based sensors, including wax printing, photolithography, screen printing, inkjet printing, and laser printing summarize, are discussed, together with strategies for biomolecular fabrication on substrates and transducers. Finally, we also discuss the challenges and possible future perspectives, hoping to provide researchers and clinicians with informative insights into paper-based printable biosensors for a smart and effective point-of-care purpose.

To extend the application of cost-effective high-yield pulps in packaging, strength and barrier properties are improved by advanced-strength additives or by hot-pressing. The aim of this study is to assess the synergic effects between the two approaches by using nanocellulose as a bulk additive, and by hot-pressing technology. Due to the synergic effect, dry strength increases by 118% while individual improvements are 31% by nanocellulose and 92% by hot-pressing. This effect is higher for mechanical fibrillated cellulose. After hot-pressing, all papers retain more than 22% of their dry strength. Hot-pressing greatly increases the paper’s ability to withstand compressive forces applied in short periods of time by 84%, with a further 30% increase due to the synergic effect of the fibrillated nanocellulose. Hot-pressing and the fibrillated cellulose greatly decrease air permeability (80% and 68%, respectively) for refining pretreated samples, due to the increased fiber flexibility, which increase up to 90% using the combined effect. The tear index increases with the addition of nanocellulose, but this effect is lost after hot-pressing. In general, fibrillation degree has a small effect which means that low- cost nanocellulose could be used in hot-pressed papers, providing products with a good strength and barrier capacity.

Internationally, teachers use oral reading fluency (ORF) measurements to monitor learning progress in reading and adapt instruction to the individual needs of students. In ORF measures, the child reads aloud single syllables, words, or short passages, and the teacher rates in parallel at which items the child makes a mistake. Since administering paper-based ORF requires increased effort on the part of teachers, computer-based test administration is available. However, there are still concerns about the comparability of paper-based and computer-based test modes. In our study, we examine mode effects between paper-based and computer-based test scores for both reading speed and reading accuracy using a German-language ORF assessment for progress monitoring. 2nd- and 3rd-year-students (N = 359) with and without special education needs participated in the study. Results show comparable and high reliability (r > 0.76) and no differential item functioning for both test modes. Furthermore, students showed significantly higher reading speed on the paper-based test, while no differences were found in reading accuracy. In the absence of differential item functioning, we discuss how mean differences can be accounted for, how teachers can be trained to use the different test modes, and how computer-based tests can be safeguarded in practice.

Paper-based friction material is a typical paper-based composite that is usually cured via hot-pressing. This curing method does not account for the effect of pressure on the matrix resin, resulting in uneven distribution of resin in the material and reducing the mechanical properties of friction materials. To overcome the above shortcomings, a pre-curing method was introduced before hot-pressing, and the effects of different pre-curing degrees on the surface morphology and mechanical properties of paper-based friction materials were studied. The pre-curing degree significantly affected the resin distribution and interfacial bonding strength of the paper-based friction material. When the material was cured at 160 °C for 10 min, the pre-curing degree reached 60%. At this point, most of the resin was in a gel state, which could retain abundant pore structures on the material surface without causing mechanical damage to the fiber and resin matrix during hot-pressing. Ultimately, the paper-based friction material exhibited improved static mechanical properties, decreased permanent deformation, and reasonable dynamic mechanical properties.

Packaging is defined as the enclosement and protection of products for their distribution, storage, sale, consumption, and use [1], with the preferred material being paper and cardboard-based packages. Taking this into consideration, by 2021 the global paper industry reported a market value of 372.34 billion USD [2] and a production volume of approximately 417.3 million metric tonnes [3]. Therefore, when assessing global waste composition trends, it is not surprising to find that the most prominent stream after organic waste corresponds to paper and cardboard with a 17% representation [4]. Considering the above as well as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) tackling sustainable consumption and production patterns (Goal 12), the necessity to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts (Goal 13), and sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss (Goal 15), the following research had as its main objective to measure the impact of commonly used inks, coatings, varnishes, and decorations in paper and cardboard packaging repulpability according to the American Fibre Box Association (FBA) repulpability standard. Ten (10) samples employing digital printing – 2 samples – Offset printing in cardboard packages – 5 samples – and Offset printing in paper labels – 3 samples – were sourced from Kaunas University of Technology Publishing House and packaging manufacturer Trustpack, Lithuania. Results show that 3 out of the 10 samples produced more than 15% of rejects, and therefore cannot be considered repulpable. Additionally, the 3 samples show the inclusion on foil paints or metallized engravings, which supports the conclusion that the addition of such materials to the packaging significantly reduce the amount of recoverable material., Pakuotė apibrėžiama kaip produktų uždengimas ir apsauga, skirta jų platinimui, laikymui, pardavimui, vartojimui ir naudojimui [1], o populiariausia medžiaga yra popierinės ir kartoninės pakuotės. Atsižvelgiant į tai, iki 2021 m. pasaulinės popieriaus pramonės rinkos vertė siekė 372.34 mlrd. dolerių [2], o gamybos apimtis - apie 417,3 mln. metrinių tonų [3]. Todėl, vertinant pasaulines atliekų sudėties tendencijas, nenuostabu, kad po organinių atliekų svarbiausią srautą atitinka popierius ir kartonas, kurių dalis sudaro 17 % [4]. Atsižvelgiant į tai, kas išdėstyta pirmiau, taip pat į Darnaus vystymosi tikslus (DVT), kuriuose sprendžiamas tvaraus vartojimo ir gamybos modelių klausimas (12 tikslas), būtinybę imtis skubių veiksmų kovojant su klimato kaita ir jos poveikiu (13 tikslas), tvariai tvarkyti miškus, kovoti su dykumėjimu, sustabdyti ir pakeisti žemės degradaciją ir sustabdyti biologinės įvairovės nykimą (15 tikslas), šio tyrimo pagrindinis tikslas buvo įvertinti dažniausiai naudojamų rašalų, dangų, lakų ir dekoracijų poveikį popieriaus ir kartono pakuočių atstūmimui pagal Amerikos pluošto dėžučių asociacijos (FBA) atstūmimo standartą. Dešimt (10) pavyzdžių, kuriuose naudota skaitmeninė spauda - 2 pavyzdžiai, ofsetinė spauda kartoninėse pakuotėse - 5 pavyzdžiai ir ofsetinė spauda popierinėse etiketėse - 3 pavyzdžiai, buvo gauti iš Kauno technologijos universiteto leidyklos ir pakuočių gamintojo Trustpack, Lietuva. Rezultatai rodo, kad 3 iš 10 pavyzdžių buvo gauta daugiau kaip 15 % broko, todėl jų negalima laikyti atpažįstamais. Be to, šiuose 3 mėginiuose matyti, kad į pakuotę įtraukta ant folijos dažų arba metalizuotų graviūrų, o tai patvirtina išvadą, kad tokių medžiagų įtraukimas į pakuotę gerokai sumažina atgautinos medžiagos kiekį.

Paper has gained popularity as a packaging material due to its reduced environmental impact compared with non-degradable alternatives. However, its flammability poses safety risks, prompting research on enhancing its flame retardancy. This work introduces a diffusion-driven self-assembly strategy (DDSAS) to create a functional graphene oxide (GO) coating on various packaging papers. DDSAS involves infiltrating the paper’s cellulose microfiber network with branched polyethyleneimine (b-PEI), which binds firmly to cellulose microfibers. Electrostatic interactions between GO and b-PEI then drive GO assembly into a densely stacked, layered structure on the paper surface. This GO structure provides a physical barrier against flames and generates incombustible gases (CO2, H2O, NO2, and NO) when heated, diluting the surrounding oxygen concentration and acting as a heat insulation layer. These factors increase the flame retardancy of treated papers ten-fold. Additionally, the gradual reduction of GO upon heating forms reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the paper, significantly increasing its electrical conductivity. As a result, the flame-retardant papers not only prevent the fire from spreading but can also act as fire sensors by triggering an alarm signal at the early stages of contact with fire. In summary, this work offers a rational strategy for designing and manufacturing flame-retardant paper packaging materials.

This article presents results on the use of a new material as a solidifying agent and/or color-fixing agent. A special polysaccharide material extracted from the prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) was tested on historical materials and modern papers. An old book from the 18th century was chosen as historical material. From the mentioned book 42 pages were taken, on which a conservation and restoration pretreatment was performed before applying the polysaccharide material: sampling, fiber analysis, dry cleaning, ink solubility, pH test, thickness measurement and wet cleaning. The paper sheets provided for the test were divided into 4 groups, 3 of which were treated with gel and one left untreated as a reference. The division into groups is not only due to the different method of application, but also due to the process of gel extraction. The effect of the treatment was analyzed using FTIR-ATR. To test the mucilage as color-fixing agent 2 samples were prepared using watercolor papers colored with 6 different watercolors applied to 2.5 cm2 samples for each color in two rows of different intensity. One of the 2 samples was treated with gel, but both were immersed for 3 times in a water-ethanol solution for approximately 20 min as is standard practice in conservation and restoration. After washing, both specimens were subjected to colorimetric analysis to assess their differences. The results provided satisfactory evidence for the protection of paints sensitive to aqueous treatments and suggest the use of mucilage as a new material in cleaning method for water-soluble media.

Paper, which is in fact a very complex cellulose-based product derived from different lignocellulosic resources, is usually regarded as a simple omnipresent commodity in our lives. Wood fibers derived from trees are the most employed sources for papermaking purposes. From an environmental protection perspective, and for their essential role in our life (they give us the life itself through their foliar system supporting the photosynthesis process), trees should not be extensively cut down and they should be used less and less for papermaking. Thus, employment of non-woody alternative sources for papermaking could be exploited more as an attractive and feasible option.

Crowdsourcing in cultural heritage is rich in opportunities for collaborative, interdisciplinary research and practice. This presentation celebrates and calls for input and expansion of a White Paper that sets out current challenges and opportunities, and provides recommendations for the future of crowdsourcing in cultural heritage and the digital humanities.

This paper presents an evaluation and comparison of three state-of-the-art models for text summarization, and proposes a new digital reading interface designed for neophyte users to exploit these models, as well as automatic keyword extraction, with little or no programming experience.

W. H. Auden was among the most influential twentieth-century poets. New digital-edition projects aim to contribute to investigating his life and work in Austria. While the model of 'assertive edition' helps to address both philologically- and historically/biographically-oriented research interests, this paper will focus on formally representing uncertainty and editorial interpretation.

Carbon fiber paper (CFP) is one of the most important units of gas diffusion layer (GDL) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The binder used in the wet-laid technique has a significant effect on the properties of CFP. In this work, the polyvinyl butyral/phenol-formaldehyde resin (PVB/PF) composite fibers firstly prepared by a dry spinning method were applied for CFP fabrication to replace traditional binders during the papermaking process and remove the PF impregnation process. In the composite fibers with a mass ratio of 5:5, PF phase with a size of about 2~3 μm evenly distributed in PVB matrix. PVB and PF were miscible to some degree, which was beneficial for their binding effect during hot-press. These composite fibers can successfully bind carbon fibers (CFs) during the papermaking process, and their residual carbon efficiently welded the CFs after heat treatment. The content and length of composite fibers in the mat affected the binding structure among CFs, which influenced the properties of CFP, increased the composite fibers’ content and reduced their length, significantly improving the strength of CFP. Therefore, the application of this solid fiber binder could enhance the comprehensive properties of CFP by adjusting the fibers’ parameters in the mat and also make the fabrication of CFP more environmentally friendly and low-cost.

This work presents the most important elements that affect the writing of scientific articles, but also those that determine the success for their acceptance and publication in impact journals. It also deals with aspects such as how to respond to peer review evaluations and how to disseminate the article once it has been published. The intended audience is trainee researchers and especially doctoral students who have chosen to carry out a thesis by compendium of publications. However, any researcher, junior or senior, will surely find several elements of interest in this work. It is also appropriate to add that the main academic background is that of social sciences in general and communication studies. This work is part of the development of methodologies within the project "Parameters and strategies to increase the relevance of media and digital communication in society: curation, visualization and visibility (CUVICOM)". PID2021-123579OB-I00 (MICINN), Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain). Activity financed by the European Union- NextGenerationEU , Ministry of Universities and Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan, through a call from Pompeu Fabra University (Barcelona).

The current data on climate change and environmental degradation are dramatic. The consequences of these changes are already having a significant impact on people's health. Physicians - as advocates of the patients, but also as citizens - have an ethical obligation to be involved in efforts to stop these changes. The European Federation of Internal Medicine (EFIM) strongly encourages the Internal Medicine societies and internists across Europe to play an active role in matters related to climate change and environmental degradation. At a national level, this includes advocating the adoption of measures that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental degradation and contributing to policy decisions related to these issues. At a hospital level and in clinical practice, supporting actions by the health sector to reduce its ecological footprint is vital. At the level of EFIM and its associated internal societies, promoting educational activities and developing a toolkit to prepare internists to better care for citizens who suffer from the consequences of climate change. In addition to advocating and implementing effective actions to reduce the ecological footprint of the health industry, recommending the introduction of these themes in scientific programs of Internal Medicine meetings and congresses and the pre- and postgraduate medical training. At a personal level, internists must be active agents in advocating sustainable practices for the environment, increasing the awareness of the community about the health risks of climate change and environmental degradation, and being role models in the adoption of environmentally friendly behaviour.

Programa de doctorat: Doctorat en Enginyeria Tèxtil i Paperera The different researching lines in the field of Preservation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage on Paper tend to evolve and join other scientific fields in order to comprehend and embrace all the problematics caused by the aging of paper and its nature. Almost every decision made to stabilize the biochemical deterioration of cellulose is strongly conditioned by factors related to the papermaking process of that specific paper. These factors may include the fiber’s origin, the beating, the cooking and bleaching treatments, the technology used in the papermaking, the additives included in the fiber’s solution and posterior surface treatments such as the sizing or the coating among others. The field of Paper Engineering is focused on the development of papermaking technologies through new products and treatments. Those, in addition to the many testing methods used in this field –measurement of paper physical and optical properties, such as tensile strength or brightness ISO-, may be extrapolated to the field of Paper Conservation, adding new criteria and information about how any treatment affects the treated heritage, opening a window for new products and treatments, more bio-compatible with the cellulose nature, allowing to reduce the using of strong chemics and other procedures that are harmful for the environment.

The main thing of Artificial intelligence (AI) is the consummation of natural dialogue between humans and machines. There are numerous IT companies have used the dialogue systems technology to establish various kinds of Virtual assistants grounded on their operations and areas for adding commerce between mortal and machine, similar as Microsoft’s Cortana, Apple’s Siri, Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant. Like Microsoft Cortana we've created our own virtual desktop assistant only for Government College Of Engineering Chandrapur (GCOEC) using python which is suitable to run on any windows operating systems. We use python as a programming language because it has a multitude of libraries which can be used to create Artificial Intelligence. Our version of desktop assistant is capable of recognizing voice and voice commands. Desktop Assistant are programs on digital device like PC that hear and respond to verbal commands. Example, a user can say, “Open GCOEC Website” and the assistant will answer with the sanctioned website of GCOEC. Desktop Assistants can change the way of life of the people in a different manner. Bias is starting to build up in the community as AI’s are getting smarter in their own way to interact with humans in an easy language. The Desktop Assistant is a program that can fete mortal voices and can respond via integrated voice system. This paper will define the working of Desktop assistant, their main problems and limitations. In this paper it's described that the system of creating a Desktop assistant without using pall services, which will allow the expansion of similar bias in the future

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various industries, and its impact on the job market is significant. While AI has the potential to automate repetitive and time-consuming tasks, it also presents new job opportunities that require expertise in data analysis, software engineering, and machine learning. The paper provides an overview of the current state of the job market and the challenges it faces, and explains how AI is transforming the job market, including its impact on job creation and destruction, skill requirements, and wage distribution. The paper analyzes the job market trends from 2019 to 2023 based on the latest research and reports, and discusses the implications of AI for the workforce and policymakers. The paper concludes with some recommendations for future research and policy interventions. It discusses the benefits of AI, such as increased productivity, efficiency, and accuracy, and highlights the challenges that AI poses, including the displacement of certain jobs and the need for retraining workers. The review paper also discusses how AI is impacting workplace safety and health, including both the potential benefits and the new hazards that AI presents. Finally, the review paper explores the policies and regulations needed to ensure that AI is used ethically and responsibly in the job market. Overall, this review paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of AI on the job market and its implications for workers, businesses, and society

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) plays a crucial role in shaping our digital experiences, with professionals at the forefront of designing and developing interactive systems. This review paper examines the professional issues within HCI, aiming to identify key challenges, trends, and advancements in the field. Through an extensive analysis of existing literature, this paper explores various dimensions of professional issues in HCI, including ethical considerations, user-centered design practices, socio-cultural implications, legal aspects, and the impact of emerging technologies on HCI professionals. By synthesizing research findings and critical insights, this review highlights the importance of addressing these issues for the advancement of HCI. Furthermore, it presents a comprehensive overview of the current state of research, identifies gaps and limitations, and proposes future directions for research and practice in order to foster a more ethical, inclusive, and effective human-computer interaction domain. This review contributes to the understanding of professional challenges faced by HCI practitioners and provides a foundation for informed discussions and developments in this dynamic field.

The usage of vegetal fibers coming from the wood of planted forests as a source of cellulose for paper production, has placed Brazil in a prominent position in the worldwide economic scenario, being that one of the best alternatives of value aggregation to this natural material. This research has evaluated the potential of three woody species of occurrence in the Cerrado, a Brazilian Biome, as a source of alternative raw material to alien species, nowadays widely used in Brazil for the pulp and paper industry. Wood radial samples of Cedrela fissilis, Cecropia sp. and Genipa americana with 12 years of age were collected in a peri-urban are of the city of Goiânia, through the non-destructive method, for the study on fiber’s morphology and basic density. With the data obtained it was possible to determine the felting index, coefficient of flexibility, wall fraction and Runkel index, for fibers qualitative evaluation. The careful evaluation of the results – and the detailed comparison with other species – made it possible to affirm that only the wood of Cedrela fissilis and Cecropia sp. had had potential for the proposed objective. Therefore, relevant aspects for the complementation of this research are pointed.

Paper and garden waste is one of the types of waste that can be found in big cities in Indonesia, one of which is Depok City. Garbage collectors can recycle not all paper waste into new products. In addition, garden waste is also garbage, one of the wastes found produced every day from gardening activities. This study aimed to analyze the potential for reducing the use of paper and garden waste to be used as RDF in Depok City. This study analyzes the quality of RDF based on the parameters of water content, ash content, density, and calorific value resulting from the material substitution. The results were analyzed using the multicollinearity method and the Kepner-Tregoe Decision Analysis (KTDA). The results of the multicollinearity test show that the ash content and water content can reduce the calorific value of RDF mixed with paper and garden waste. The addition of garden waste composition can increase the calorific value. Based on the results of decision analysis using KTDA, it shows that the variation of the mixture of 75% paper waste and 25% wood waste has the largest points compared to other variations. Material Flow Analysis (MFA) utilization of this waste can reduce the generation of paper waste and garden waste by 3.5% and 12.3%, respectively.

The migration of photoinitiators (PIs): benzophenone (BP), ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDAB), and 4-chlorobenzophenone (CBP), from polyethylene (PE)-coated paper to 4% (v/v) acetic acid and 10% (v/v) salt-simulated food solution was quantitatively analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The migration behavior of the three PIs was studied under three specific working conditions: conventional heating, microwave power, and random vibration level. The migration rate of the three PIs in acidic food simulants was ranked from BP > EDAB > CBP under the specific working conditions. The mobility of the three PIs increased with increasing temperature, microwave power, and random vibration acceleration in 4% (v/v) acetic acid by 10, 10, and 15%, respectively. The experimental migration data of three PIs in PE-coated paper under different temperatures and microwave powers were used to establish the Crank monolayer migration model according to Fick’s second law. The diffusion coefficient D increased with an increase in experimental conditions. According to the migration data under the condition of random vibration level, a mathematical model conforming to the Fick model was established, fitting the migration process. These results showed that conventional heating, microwave heating, and vibration could affect the food safety of PE-coated paper.

The use of templates and examples of papers separately is proven to be able to develop students' writing skills. The average degree of mastery that can be achieved is already in the good category. Using various learning facilities can be a solution to improve these achievements into a very good category. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing templates and sample papers in developing students' writing skills in science courses. The pre-experimental research was conducted on elementary school teacher education study program students. Data on each student's scientific research paper writing skills were collected using the documentation method. This data was then analyzed descriptively. The descriptive analysis includes average and proportion measurements. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the average student's skills in writing papers were in a good category. Most students have very good (41.44%) and good (40.54%) categories of writing skills. 13 indicators have reached the very good category, one indicator is in a good category, and two indicators are in the sufficient category. The rests are one indicator still in the less category and four indicators in the less category. The conclusion that can be drawn from this research results is using examples and paper templates as effective learning facilities to improve students' writing skills.

The limited supply of wood as a raw material in various industries requires a better alternative material. Wasted-based composite engineering can be a solution to this problem. What's more, composite can be engineered according to needs, such as having the ability to reduce heat to maintain comfortable room temperature conditions. Therefore, in this research, a particle board reinforced by pineapple leaf fiber waste and HVS paper waste was developed to know the effect of the particle board reinforcement composition on reducing heat. In this research, a comparison of pineapple leaf fiber waste and HVS paper waste was used at 100%:0%; 70%:30%; 50%:50%; 30%:70%; and 0%:100% with resin adhesive. This particle board is made by mixing all the ingredients and then printing it into a mold and then carrying out the drying process. The test was carried out based on a temperature difference analysis. The most optimum particle board reinforcement composition to reduce heat is 100% pineapple leaf fiber waste : 0% HVS paper waste.

We develop a vision system for batch inspection by oven white paper model color by manufacturing a machine vision system for the oven manufacturing automation process. In the vision system, white paper object detection (spring), color clustering, and histogram extraction are performed. In addition, for the automated process of home appliances, we intend to develop an automatic mold combination detection algorithm that inspects the label position and direction (angle/coordinate) using deep learning.

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of quality control in the paper industry.Wood preparation, pulping, bleaching, and papermaking are all steps in the papermaking process, and eachone presents its own set of quality control challenges. The study looks at the various methods that are usedin the industry to monitor and control the quality of finished paper products. It includes laboratory testing,statistical process control, and online monitoring systems, as well as traditional and modern quality controltechniques. The study also emphasizes the significance of quality control in the paper industry, which canhave a significant impact on product performance, customer satisfaction, and profitability. Finally, the studyconcludes with a discussion of benefits in the paper industry's quality control.

In the research, different experimental setups were used to examine the treatment of wastewater from the paper industry using the electrooxidation method, one of the electrochemical treatment methods in the batch system. In the 2000 mL volume jacketed glass reactor utilized for the treatment of wastewater from the paper industry, 4 anode and 4 cathode sieve type plates of 7 cm x 10 cm dimensions were positioned at 0.5 cm intervals, and 1200 mL wastewater was used in the tests. Coated sieve type Ti/Pt electrodes were employed as the anode in the electrooxidation studies, and uncoated sieve type Ti electrodes were used as the cathode. It was determined that the active anodic wet surface area was 1078 cm2 . The removal rates of pollutant parameters such as turbidity and SS (Suspended Solids) in the experiments; the effects of wastewater initial pH value and supporting electrolyte type parameters were investigated. According to the results, the most effective pH value for Ti/Pt anode type at 400 rpm mixing speed was determined to be waste water natural pH (7.5), and 0.50 M NaCl was the most successful supporting electrolyte type. 96.92% Suspended Solids removal efficiency and 95.38% turbidity removal efficiency for Ti/Pt anode were achieved under ideal conditions. In addition, 312.05 kW-hour/kg COD is determined as the energy consumption value.

This study addresses the barriers that hinder paper recycling and explores potential solutions to overcome these challenges. The barriers discussed include a lack of recycling infrastructure, inadequate education and outreach, cultural attitudes towards waste, and a lack of economic incentives. To address these barriers, governments and organizations can implement solutions such as expanding recycling infrastructure, improving education and outreach, addressing cultural attitudes through targeted messaging, and providing economic incentives. Successful implementations of these solutions in other locations or industries are also highlighted. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing these barriers to increase paper recycling rates and reduce the environmental and economic costs of low recycling rates.

Change has become the norm and with the digital revolution we are seeing the demise of the printed word. Dentistry is a pictorial subject, but will pictures in a textbook or journal be surpassed by accessing digital ones on a screen? This article reviews the rapidly changing access and reading of dental publications. An argument is that the ease of access to electronic material, such as video and podcasts, may make traditional paper-based publications obsolete. Already dentistry is seeing such changes take place. With such revolutions come challenges. Misinformation is much easier to generate, and the evidence base may be diluted. Furthermore artificial intelligence is now able to produce text and papers that will make it more difficult to critically review the dental content on offer. The future will bring many challenges and this article provides an opinion on what dentistry might expect. CPD/Clinical Relevance: There are challenges posed by the increasing use of digital resources for information and how this might impact dental knowledge.

The performance of lean duplex stainless steels has been utilized by the pulp and paper industry since their introduction to the market almost 20 years ago. Experience has shown that this group of stainless steels has exceptional performance in, for example, alkaline environments towards typical deterioration mechanisms, i.e., uniform corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. The chemistry of the “lean” duplex steels is designed so that the content of volatile and expensive elements like nickel and molybdenum can be reduced to an absolute minimum without sacrificing the technical performance. This reduces the raw material cost and most importantly provides predictability of the steel price, which is often challenging with conventional austenitic and duplex stainless steels.Thanks to a dual phase microstructure and high nitrogen content, lean duplex steels have at least two times higher strength compared to standard austenitic stainless steels. This is often a preferred feature in pulp and paper construction, as it enables lighter structures and less material to be utilized. Today, lean duplex steels are widely available in various dimensions, from thin cold rolled sheets up to thick hot rolled plates. Lean duplex steels are also fully recyclable after the decommissioning stage of the equipment, thereby contributing to the circular economy.

Ning Gao,1,* Meng Li,2,* Weiming Wang,1 Lei Wang,3 Zhen Liu,4 Yufeng Guo1 1Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhen Liu, Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1 Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email doctorliuzhen@126.com Yufeng Guo, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guang’ an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange St., Xicheng District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email gamgyf@139.comBackground: In recent years, the incidence of herpes zoster has risen steeply, the exact pathogenesis of the acute pain and the transformation into postherpetic neuralgia are still obscure, and the absence of effective management remains a major therapeutic challenge. The purpose of this study was to perform a qualitative and quantitative bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited papers on herpes zoster.Materials and methods: Related literature were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Excel and VOSviewer software were applied to quantitatively analyze, and construct the bibliometric network charts.Results: The Top 100 most-cited papers published between 2000 and 2018 showed a fluctuating downward trend. The most studies were published in the year of 2000 (n = 12). The article entitled “A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults” from Oxman MN, was the most-cited publication. The United States was the most contributing country, followed by the United Kingdom, and Italy. Finland occupied the highest citations per publication (CPP). The University of Colorado topped the list of institutions with the most publications with 18 articles and also had the most citations (average citations: 281.78 per article). Myron J Levin from the University of Colorado School of Medicine is the most published and most cited researcher overall, whereas Duke University’s John W Gnann tops the list in terms of average CPP.Conclusion: In terms of the quantity of T100 articles, researchers, and organizations, the US is the predominant country. The most T100 papers were published in the special journal Clinical Infectious Diseases. The most academic focus remain the remedies for postherpetic neuralgia and vaccine development for individualized groups.Keywords: herpes zoster, bibliometric study, top-cited, citation, VOSviewer

In any big institution,especially educational institutions like schoolsor colleges, generation of large quantity ofwaste papers is quite apparent. And effective use of recycled paper is also possible (craft papers, registers etc). So, instead of disposing off the waste papers into trash, recycling themmakes sense. This not only helps the institute in cost saving but will also ensure its contribution towards the protection of the environment. Designing automatically operated small-scaled paper recycling plant, which can be used in schools and colleges, ensures that a cheap and non-complex methodof production of paper product is guaranteed.Accordingly design of the machine unit has been prepared with all necessary component specifications.

The journal of appropriate technology has been published since the 2015. The major research topics for the journal of appropriate technology have been environment, mechanics, materials, chemical engineering, managing, chemistry, and medicine, etc. In this study, all the published papers of the journal of appropriate technology were analyzed based on the number of published papers and authors. The author’s affiliation was analyzed as university, research institute, and industry, etc. annually. The number of published papers according to the author also analyzed. Based on the bibliometric analysis, it is worth to mention that the trends of publications of the journal of appropriate technology could be identified.

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) has the potential to replace traditional plastics and limit environmental pollution caused by plastic waste. This study combined wastewater treatment with PHB production to reduce costs. Bacteria capable of synthesizing PHB were isolated from paper mill wastewater and identified using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization–Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene analysis. Bacillus pumilus NMG5 strain was found to have a good yield in modified Nutrient Broth culture, reaching 42.28% of dry biomass. The PHB product was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The bacterial strain was also tested for its ability to treat paper mill wastewater, and it showed impressive results in terms of biochemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, with efficiencies of 95.93%, 79.36%, and 83.55%, respectively. The study found that wastewater treatment combined with PHB production was a promising solution to reduce costs and limit environmental pollution. The bacterial strain B. pumilus NMG5 had a high yield of PHB, and the PHB product was of high quality, as confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the bacterial strain showed impressive results in treating paper mill wastewater with high COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus efficiencies. These results suggest that this harmless bacterium could be used in paper mill wastewater treatment systems to produce PHB, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution.

In this article, red and blue ink handwriting on aged paper was fixed by fixative to prevent handwriting from fading or diffusion during aqueous deacidification. Firstly, four fixatives were selected: polydimethyl ammonium chloride (PDDA), the quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan (HACC), cationic guar gum (CGG), and benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride (TEBAC) alcohol solution, according to their fixation effects on filter paper dyes, and derive the optimal composition ratio of the above four fixatives. Experimentally derived that PDDA has an excellent fixation effect on red ink handwriting, and HACC has an excellent fixation effect on blue ink handwriting. In addition, HACC also has a positive impact on the conservation of handwriting in real archives. The mechanical properties of aged paper were improved, and the paper fibers had no obvious change after the fixation and deacidification processes.