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This paper analyzes the semiotic procedures through which the interfaces of three systems developed by the artist Rui Torres (Amor de Clarice; Amor de Clarice – v.2; and Fantasia breve, a palavra-espuma – all of which are available at Arquivo Digital da Po.Ex: Poesia Experimental Portuguesa) suggest ways of reading poems automatically generated by recombining excerpts from Clarice Lispector’s and Ana Hatherly’s texts. Unlike other studies on this topic, we do not offer a close reading of the generated texts; instead, we focus on the system interfaces, in order to identify how they convey meta-messages from the artist on the aesthetical proposition carried out in the poems. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_7-1_9, O presente artigo analisa os procedimentos semióticos por meio dos quais as interfaces de três sistemas desenvolvidos pelo artista Rui Torres (Amor de Clarice; Amor de Clarice – v.2; e Fantasia breve, a palavra-espuma – todos disponíveis no Arquivo Digital da Po.Ex: Poesia Experimental Portuguesa) sugerem modos de leitura de seus poemas gerados automaticamente pela recombinação de excertos de Clarice Lispector e Ana Hatherly. Diferente de outros estudos sobre o tema, realiza-se aqui não um close reading dos poemas gerados, e sim da interface dos sistemas, a fim de identificar como estas veiculam metamensagens do artista acerca da proposta estética que nos poemas realiza. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_7-1_9

The paper argues that traditional accessibility standards have a content-centric perspective and proposes , in response, a communicative approach of e-Accessibility where the interface is a mean of communication and action. The communicative approach finds its theoretical foundations in significant models from the Human Computer Interaction field; particularly in those that adopted Semiotics and Activity Theory as a basis for studying interface design. Its originality lies in integrating the discursive dimension to the accessibility model. A portal that offers massive open online courses (MOOC) is taken as a case study. Considering the accessible design solutions proposed for this particular case study, a comparison between the content-centric perspective and the communicative approach is made in order to show that the latter can complement the former in pursuit for a more complete communicative accessibility., El artículo plantea que los estándares de accesibilidad tradicionales se focalizan en el contenido y propone, en respuesta, un enfoque comunicacional de la e-Accesibilidad donde la interfaz es medio de comunicación y de acción. El enfoque comunicacional encuentra sus fundamentos teóricos en modelos significativos del campo de la Interacción Persona-Ordenador, en particular aquellos que adoptaron la Semiótica y la Teoría de la Actividad como bases para estudiar el diseño de interfaz. Su originalidad radica en la integración de la dimensión discursiva al modelo de la accesibilidad. Tomando un portal que ofrece cursos abiertos en línea y masivos (en adelante MOOC) como caso de estudio, se comparan las soluciones de diseño accesible propuestas por el enfoque centrado en el contenido y por el enfoque comunicacional. Se muestra que el segundo puede complementar al primero en pos de una accesibilidad comunicacional más íntegra., L'article soutient que les normes d'accessibilité traditionnelles sont focalisées sur le contenu et propose comme alternative une approche communicationnelle de l'e-Accessibilité où l'interface est moyen de communication et d'action. L'approche communicationnelle repose sur les bases théoriques de modèles réputés dans le champ de l'Interaction Homme-Machine, en particulier ceux qui ont adopté la Sémiotique et la Théorie de l'Activité comme fondements pour l'étude du design d'interfaces. Son originalité réside dans l'intégration de la dimension discursive au modèle de l'accessibilité. À partir du cas d'étude d'un portail de formation en ligne ouverte à tous (dorénavant MOOC), nous comparons les solutions de design accessible proposées par l'approche centrée contenu et par l'approche communicationnelle. Nous montrons que la deuxième peut complémenter la première en vue d'une accessibilité communicationnelle davantage intégrale.

The paper argues that traditional accessibility standards have a content-centric perspective and proposes , in response, a communicative approach of e-Accessibility where the interface is a mean of communication and action. The communicative approach finds its theoretical foundations in significant models from the Human Computer Interaction field; particularly in those that adopted Semiotics and Activity Theory as a basis for studying interface design. Its originality lies in integrating the discursive dimension to the accessibility model. A portal that offers massive open online courses (MOOC) is taken as a case study. Considering the accessible design solutions proposed for this particular case study, a comparison between the content-centric perspective and the communicative approach is made in order to show that the latter can complement the former in pursuit for a more complete communicative accessibility., El artículo plantea que los estándares de accesibilidad tradicionales se focalizan en el contenido y propone, en respuesta, un enfoque comunicacional de la e-Accesibilidad donde la interfaz es medio de comunicación y de acción. El enfoque comunicacional encuentra sus fundamentos teóricos en modelos significativos del campo de la Interacción Persona-Ordenador, en particular aquellos que adoptaron la Semiótica y la Teoría de la Actividad como bases para estudiar el diseño de interfaz. Su originalidad radica en la integración de la dimensión discursiva al modelo de la accesibilidad. Tomando un portal que ofrece cursos abiertos en línea y masivos (en adelante MOOC) como caso de estudio, se comparan las soluciones de diseño accesible propuestas por el enfoque centrado en el contenido y por el enfoque comunicacional. Se muestra que el segundo puede complementar al primero en pos de una accesibilidad comunicacional más íntegra., L'article soutient que les normes d'accessibilité traditionnelles sont focalisées sur le contenu et propose comme alternative une approche communicationnelle de l'e-Accessibilité où l'interface est moyen de communication et d'action. L'approche communicationnelle repose sur les bases théoriques de modèles réputés dans le champ de l'Interaction Homme-Machine, en particulier ceux qui ont adopté la Sémiotique et la Théorie de l'Activité comme fondements pour l'étude du design d'interfaces. Son originalité réside dans l'intégration de la dimension discursive au modèle de l'accessibilité. À partir du cas d'étude d'un portail de formation en ligne ouverte à tous (dorénavant MOOC), nous comparons les solutions de design accessible proposées par l'approche centrée contenu et par l'approche communicationnelle. Nous montrons que la deuxième peut complémenter la première en vue d'une accessibilité communicationnelle davantage intégrale.

Agradecimentos: This study was financially supported by Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico (CNPq). The authors would like to dedicate this work to Professor Srgio Roberto Pereira da Silva who is dearly missed Abstract: The design of Exploratory Search tools acquires more importance as the amount of information on the Web grows. Accordingly, informed design decisions concerning the users' behavior during search activities can be used in novel approaches for Exploratory Search tools. With regard to users' behavior on search result selection, literature indicates higher ranked results tend to attract more attention and, therefore, more hits. However, the cause of such behavior is not clear. We experimentally investigate the hypothesis of this behavior being due to ranking. A group of 72 participants was asked to select a search result from a randomly ordered results list. The experiment was carried out on paper to remove specific search engine and digital medium biases. We obtained evidence indicating there is a trend towards choosing higher ranked results even in a different medium and in the context of an Exploratory Search, corroborating to the hypothesis that ranking has influence on users' selection behavior COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ Fechado

This paper presents a novel approach for grasp optimization considering contact position and object information uncertainties. In practice, it is hard to grasp an object at the designated or planned contact positions, as errors in measurement, estimation, and control usually exist. Therefore, we first formulate the influences of contact uncertainties on joint torques, contact wrenches, and frictional condition. We then include external wrench uncertainties in the required external wrenches set. Based on this formulation, we define the linear grasp optimization problem for two kinds of frictional contact modelsfrictional point contact and soft finger contactso that we can successfully grasp an object even if deviations in contact point, object weight, and center of mass occur. The validity of our approach is shown by means of numerical examples and the result of experiments. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) provide a valuable new input modality within human–computer interaction systems. However, like other body-based inputs such as gesture or gaze based systems, the system recognition of input commands is still far from perfect. This raises important questions, such as what level of control should such an interface be able to provide. What is the relationship between actual and perceived control? And in the case of applications for entertainment in which fun is an important part of user experience, should we even aim for the highest level of control, or is the optimum elsewhere? In this paper, we evaluate whether we can modulate the amount of control and if a game can be fun with less than perfect control. In the experiment users (n = 158) played a simple game in which a hamster has to be guided to the exit of a maze. The amount of control the user has over the hamster is varied. The variation of control through confusion matrices makes it possible to simulate the experience of using a BCI, while using the traditional keyboard for input. After each session the user completed a short questionnaire on user experience and perceived control. Analysis of the data showed that the perceived control of the user could largely be explained by the amount of control in the respective session. As expected, user frustration decreases with increasing control. Moreover, the results indicate that the relation between fun and control is not linear. Although at lower levels of control fun does increase with improved control, the level of fun drops just before perfect control is reached (with an optimum around 96%). This poses new insights for developers of games who want to incorporate some form of BCI or other modality with unreliable input in their game: for creating a fun game, unreliable input can be used to create a challenge for the user.

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada sobre a usabilidade das interfaces computacionais através das cores, tendo o deficiente de Baixa Visão como usuário. Para um melhor entendimento, são abordados os fundamentos teóricos sobre a interação humano-computador, usabilidade, cores e deficientes de baixa visão. Após a fundamentação teórica, é descrita a metodologia utilizada, o teste de usabilidade de 3 interfaces web realizado com os usuários em questão, demonstrando os resultados para o desenvolvimento de um protótipo de interface tendo as cores como elemento principal. O protótipo desenvolvido é apresentado juntamente com o teste de usabilidade realizado com este. Como resultado do trabalho realizado, são apresentadas recomendações e também é proposto um modelo de cores que atenda aos usuários de baixa visão, na construção e readequação de interfaces computacionais, visando à usabilidade das interfaces na web. This paper presents the results of a research about the usability of computer interfaces through the colors, and the poor as a low vision user. For a better understanding, the article discusses the theoretical foundations of the human-computer interaction, usability, colors and low vision individuals. After the theoretical foundation, describes the methodology used, the 3 web interfaces usability test with users in question, showing the results for the development of a prototype interface has colors as the principal aspect.. The prototype developed is presented with the usability test conducted with it. As a result of the work, recommendations are presented and also proposed a color model that includes the low vision users in the construction and upgrading of computer interfaces, aimed at the usability of web interfaces.

In most of the existing human–computer interfaces, enactive knowledge as new natural interaction paradigm has not been fully exploited yet. Recent technological advances have created the possibility to enhance naturally and significantly the interface perception by means of visual inputs, the so-called Vision-Based Interfaces (VBI). In the present paper, we explore the recovery of the user’s body posture by means of combining robust computer vision techniques and a well known inverse kinematics algorithm in real-time. Specifically, we focus on recognizing the user’s motions with a particular mean, that is, a body gesture. Defining an appropriate representation of the user’s body posture based on a temporal parameterization, we apply non-parametric techniques to learn and recognize the user’s body gestures. This scheme of recognition has been applied to control a computer videogame in real-time to show the viability of the presented approach., This work has been supported by EC grant IST-027110 for the HERMES project and by the Spanish M.E.C. under projects TIN2007-67993 and TIN2007-67896. J.Gonzàlez and J.Varona also acknowledge the support of a Juan de la Cierva and a Ramon y Cajal (cofunded by the European Social Fund) Post-doctoral fellowships from the Spanish MEC, respectively. Besides, the UIB team is a member of the Enactive Interest Group of the European Network of Excellence IST-002114-ENACTIVE Interfaces.

International audience; This paper introduces our work on the communication stack of wireless sensor networks. We present the IPv6 approach for wireless sensor networks called 6LoWPAN in its IETF charter. We then compare the different implementations of 6LoWPAN subsets for several sensor nodes platforms. We present our approach for the 6LoWPAN implementation which aims to preserve the advantages of modularity while keeping a small memory footprint and a good efficiency.

Scalability to a large number of processes is one of the weaknesses of current MPI implementations. Standard implementations are able to scale to hundreds of nodes, but none beyond that. The main problem of current implementations is that performance is more important than scalability and thus some assumptions about resources are taken that will not scale well. The objective of the paper is twofold. On one hand, we show that characteristics such as the size and the sender of MPI messages are very predictable (accuracy above 90%). On the other hand, we present some examples where current MPI implementations would not work well when run on a large configuration and how this predictability could be used to solve the scalability problem. This work has been supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Spain and the European Union (FEDER funds) under contract TIC2001-0995-C02-01.

Gognitive Science Approaches to Process Control (CSAPC) is a conference series focusing on socio-technical problems in the control of complex high-reliability environments. The theme of the fifth CSAPC conference that was held in Espoo, Finland in August 1995 was Decision-making in informated work . The titlle aims to draw attention to the demands of automated work on the process operators decision-making in the on-line control of complex systems, and on the design of informative interfaces for the automation systems. The main topics in the conference were control of safety and human errors, operative and cooperative decision-making, learning the dynamics of complex processes, modelling man-machine sytems and cognitive simulation. The papers, representing different approaches of system egineering, cognitive science and psychology, included both experimental and field studies focusing on various high-reliability industrial processes, aviation and navigation, and medical decision-making.

Gognitive Science Approaches to Process Control (CSAPC) is a conference series focusing on socio-technical problems in the control of complex high-reliability environments. The theme of the fifth CSAPC conference that was held in Espoo, Finland in August 1995 was Decision-making in informated work . The titlle aims to draw attention to the demands of automated work on the process operators decision-making in the on-line control of complex systems, and on the design of informative interfaces for the automation systems. The main topics in the conference were control of safety and human errors, operative and cooperative decision-making, learning the dynamics of complex processes, modelling man-machine sytems and cognitive simulation. The papers, representing different approaches of system egineering, cognitive science and psychology, included both experimental and field studies focusing on various high-reliability industrial processes, aviation and navigation, and medical decision-making.

The difficulty of reaching an agreement on a single standard fieldbus proposal inside the international standardization bodies has led some national organizations in Europe to develop their own fieldbuses and to adopt them in pilot applications. At present FIP and PROFIBUS appear to be the most widely accepted solutions and some commercial products based on these standards are beginning to be introduced on the market. Fieldbuses were primarily conceived for process control applications, however this paper deals with a project aimed at showing the use of the field bus technology in general, and of the FIP protocol, in particular, in the numerical control field i.e. to connect the controller, sensors and actuators inside a single machine. In such a way two benefits can be achieved immediately: a dramatic reduction in the number of cables inside a single machine and a simple low-cost interface with the manufacturing environment which is based on fieldbus communication technology. In the first phase of the authors' project the controller, sensors and actuators are simulated by software programs running on a network of personal computers called FIPNET while in a second phase the hardware and software components will be ported to a prototype environment containing real devices. The main goal of FIPNET is to verify whether the FIP fieldbus is able to meet the real-time requirements of the NC applications. >

While interactive design tools, rapid prototyping tools, and user interface management systems (UIMSs) are advancing as cost-effective ways of producing interfaces, attention to usability is rarely incorporated into such tools. The advancement of producing interfaces more rapidly without addressing their quality is of limited worth. This thesis reports on the design and prototype implementation of a software tool, IDEAL (Interface Design Environment and Analysis Lattice), that encourages and enables user-centered design as an integral part of the user interface development process. IDEAL integrates usability engineering techniques and behavioral task representations with a graphical hierarchy of associated user tasks to support formative evaluation of an evolving user interface. IDEAL supplements the functionality of current interface construction tools by focusing on usability through user-centered design. IDEAL was designed and developed using the techniques it supports: formative evaluation and iterative refinement. Representative users participated in two phases of qualitative formative evaluations from which critical incidents, verbal protocol, and qualitative data were collected. Feedback from each phase contributed to the revised design of IDEAL. This empirical evaluation showed IDEAL to be useful as an automated tool for managing the interrelated tasks of interface development, including design, usability specification definition, and formative evaluation, that are currently performed manually (e.g., using pencil and paper.) Master of Science

The majority of PCM recorders are used for recording quasistatic parameters such as temperature and pressure. The data rate of these recorders is usually up to 2 kbit/s. Even if a faster playback is used, the data rate will be less than 20 kbit/s. A microprocessor-based decommutator with a small amount of hardware to convert the serial data into parallel data would be able to handle this data rate comfortably. Such a decommutator would also be very cost effective in the above application. This paper describes a decommutator built around a microprocessor and its applications for ground processing and in situ calibration.

Nematic liquid crystals can be electrically addressed when sandwiched in thin layers. We present in this paper a liquid crystal optical data composer which is X-Y addressed using the electro-optical effect of index modulation, a field effect, realised for an a. c. electric field on an homeotropic structure. It is a 128 x 128 dots display capable of presenting at the same time 1.6 x 104 digital optical data, with overall writing times of a few milliseconds.