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Cellulose-based materials represent a renewable, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly alternative to plastic from fossil resources. Nanopaper is a strong and lightweight material formed from cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). Paper and nanopaper have been considered as excellent alternatives to plastics for use in agriculture and for packaging applications. However, common for both paper and nanopaper is their hydrophilic character, and consequently, poor water-resistance properties. ORMOCER®s are a class of inorganic–organic polymers with excellent barrier and protective properties used for a range of coating applications. Here we present ORMOCER®-coated paper and nanopaper. The coated papers and nanopapers are characterized, both in terms of their morphology, hydrophobicity, and mechanical properties. We demonstrate that the pressure used during the pressing and drying of paper and nanopaper influence their tear and tensile—properties, and that the morphology of the coated nanopaper differs significantly from that of the coated paper. While the ORMOCER® was impregnated within the porous network of the paper, a well-defined two-layered morphology was obtained with the coated nanopaper. Further, the biodegradability of the nanopaper with and without coating was assessed. The degradation study demonstrated that both the pressure used during the pressing and drying of the nanopaper, and the composition of the ORMOCER®, influenced the rate of degradation. Taken together, ORMOCER®-coated paper and nanopaper are promising for the preparation of materials that are both water-resistant, renewable, and biodegradable.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is coming into the field of nuclear medicine, and it is likely here to stay. As a society, EANM can and must play a central role in the use of AI in nuclear medicine. In this position paper, the EANM explains the preconditions for the implementation of AI in NM and takes position.

Context and motivation: AI-based systems (i.e., systems integrating some AI model or component) are becoming pervasive in society. A number of characteristics of AI-based systems challenge classical requirements engineering (RE) and raise questions yet to be answered. Question: This vision paper inquires the role that RE should play in the development of AI-based systems with a focus on three areas: roles involved, requirements’ scope and non-functional requirements. Principal Ideas: The paper builds upon the vision that RE shall become the cornerstone in AI-based system development and proposes some initial ideas and roadmap for these three areas. Contribution: Our vision is a step towards clarifying the role of RE in the context of AI-based systems development. The different research lines outlined in the paper call for further research in this area. This paper is part of the project TED2021-130923B-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union “NextGenera-tionEU”/PRTR.

Regions and national economies are facing several challenges re-garding raw materials. As cities and metropolitan areas are increas-ingly becoming hubs of economic activity, they may also play a role in addressing raw material challenges. Many eco-industrial parks are not only found in industrial areas but also in urbanised areas the concept of urban symbiosis may offer viable solutions to those challenges. Urban symbiosis builds on urban and regional metabolism and industrial symbiosis, providing a concept and analytical toolkit that can serve to develop strategies to create the more efficient use and circulation of critical raw materials (CRM), enabled by the integration of different and complex systems. This paper aims to review how urban symbiosis of CRMs has been approached and defined in the prior literature and what are the closely related concepts. One of our key interest areas is to understand what kind of roles cities can have in the urban symbiosis. Based on the results, we suggest future research topics such as exploring concrete models of collaboration and new ways of joint value creation in urban symbiosis ecosystems.

Regions and national economies are facing several challenges re-garding raw materials. As cities and metropolitan areas are increas-ingly becoming hubs of economic activity, they may also play a role in addressing raw material challenges. Many eco-industrial parks are not only found in industrial areas but also in urbanised areas the concept of urban symbiosis may offer viable solutions to those challenges. Urban symbiosis builds on urban and regional metabolism and industrial symbiosis, providing a concept and analytical toolkit that can serve to develop strategies to create the more efficient use and circulation of critical raw materials (CRM), enabled by the integration of different and complex systems. This paper aims to review how urban symbiosis of CRMs has been approached and defined in the prior literature and what are the closely related concepts. One of our key interest areas is to understand what kind of roles cities can have in the urban symbiosis. Based on the results, we suggest future research topics such as exploring concrete models of collaboration and new ways of joint value creation in urban symbiosis ecosystems.

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the international workshops, the EDOC Forum and the Demonstration and Doctoral Consortium track, that were held at the 26th International Conference on Enterprise Design, Operations, and Computing, EDOC 2022. The conference took place in Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, during October 3–7, 2022. The conference focuses on the area of enterprise computing, this year with the special emphasis on the theme of designing and operating “Flexible Enterprises”. Workshops within EDOC cover more focused topics and allow for the presentation and discussion of work that is in the earlier development stages. The 18 full and 8 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 82 submissions. They stem from the following satellite events:–Workshop on Intelligent Digital Architecture, Methods, and Services for Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 (IDAMS)–14th Workshop on Service-oriented Enterprise Architecture for Enterprise Engineering (SoEA4EE)–17th Workshop on Trends in Enterprise Architecture Research (TEAR)–EDOC Forum–Demonstrations Track–Doctoral Consortium

Funding Information: Open Access funding provided by LUT University (previously Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT)). The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding from the Academy of Finland for the project “Role of forest industry transformation in energy efficiency improvement and reducing CO emissions” Grant number 315019. 2 Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s). Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is one of the key negative emission technologies (NETs). Large-scale implementation of BECCS has been criticized of the associated increase in land use. The existing large Nordic pulp and paper production units enable BECCS deployment without additional land use, as they currently release large amounts of bio-based carbon dioxide (CO2). The application of BECCS in pulp mills has been found technically feasible in earlier studies. This study explores key factors that affect the propensity to invest in BECCS in different types of existing European pulp and paper mills. The results give fresh understanding on the effects of BECCS on the market price of pulp and paper products and the required level of incentives. Based on statistical data, the marginal carbon dioxide credit (€ per ton CO2) to make BECCS profitable was derived. The results show that the required level of credit greatly depends on the mill type and details and that the feasibility of BECCS does notclearly correlate with the economic performance or the measured efficiency of the mill. The most promising mill type, a market kraft pulp mill, would find BECCS profitable with a credit in the range of 62–70 €/tCO2 and a credit of 80 €/tCO2 would decrease pulp production costs by 15 €/tproduct on average if 50% of CO2 emissions was captured. The EU Emission Trading System (ETS) is the main policy instrument to achieve the climate targets related to fossil energy use, but does not yet contemplate bio-based emissions.

The recently adopted Ariel ESA mission will measure the atmospheric composition of a large number of exoplanets. This information will then be used to better constrain planetary bulk compositions. While the connection between the composition of a planetary atmosphere and the bulk interior is still being investigated, the combination of the atmospheric composition with the measured mass and radius of exoplanets will push the field of exoplanet characterisation to the next level, and provide new insights of the nature of planets in our galaxy. In this white paper, we outline the ongoing activities of the interior working group of the Ariel mission, and list the desirable theoretical developments as well as the challenges in linking planetary atmospheres, bulk composition and interior structure., Experimental Astronomy, 53, ISSN:0922-6435, ISSN:1572-9508

Abstract Tissue paper was the only paper grade whose consumption increased during 2020 in Europe. In a highly competitive context, this work explores a strategy based on bisacrylamide cross-linkers and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), seeking to enhance the water uptake of pulps for tissue paper and the key properties of the resulting tissue sheets: water absorption capacity, capillarity, softness, porosity, and strength. For that, α-cellulose from cotton and a kraft hardwood pulp, in parallel, were reacted with N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide, both in the absence and in the presence of PVA. The water desorption rate of the modified polymers was monitored. Pulp blends were then mixed with a conventional softwood pulp (30%) to prepare laboratory tissue paper sheets (20 g m–2). For cotton cellulose, cross-linking with PVA more than doubled the water uptake, up to 7.3 g/g. A significant enhancement was also obtained in the case of pulps, up to 9.6 g/g, and in the case of paper, to 11.9 g/g. This improvement was consistent with a drastic increase in porosity, and it was not detrimental to paper strength. Graphical Abstract

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has become an essential tool for the evaluation of patients affected or at risk of developing cardiomyopathies (CMPs). In fact, CMR not only provides precise data on cardiac volumes, wall thickness, mass and systolic function but it also a non-invasive characterization of myocardial tissue, thus helping the early diagnosis and the precise phenotyping of the different CMPs, which is essential for early and individualized treatment of patients. Furthermore, several CMR characteristics, such as the presence of extensive LGE or abnormal mapping values, are emerging as prognostic markers, therefore helping to define patients’ risk. Lastly new experimental CMR techniques are under investigation and might contribute to widen our knowledge in the field of CMPs. In this perspective, CMR appears an essential tool to be systematically applied in the diagnostic and prognostic work-up of CMPs in clinical practice. This review provides a deep overview of clinical applicability of standard and emerging CMR techniques in the management of CMPs.

This issue of Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis hosts two collections of articles with special topics. In one way, or another, both of them are connected to the XV International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Physical Chemistry—PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2021, which was held in Belgrade, Serbia by an online method between September 20 and 24, 2021.

Scientific activity has become increasingly complex in recent years. The need for international research collaboration has thus become a common pattern in science. In this current landscape, countries face the problem of maintaining their competitiveness while cooperating with other countries to achieve relevant research outputs. In this international context, publications from international collaborations tend to achieve greater scientific impact than those from domestic ones. To design policies that improve the competitiveness of countries and organizations, it thus becomes necessary to understand the factors and mechanisms that influence the benefits and impact of international research. In this regard, the aim of this study is to confirm whether the differences in impact between international and domestic collaborations are affected by their topics and structure. To perform this study, we examined the Library and Information Science category of the Web of Science database between 2015 and 2019. A science mapping analysis approach was used to extract the themes and their structure according to collaboration type and in the whole category (2015–2019). We also looked for differences in these thematic aspects in top countries and in communities of collaborating countries. The results showed that the thematic factor influences the impact of international research, as the themes in this type of collaboration lie at the forefront of the Library and Information Science category (e.g., technologies such as artificial intelligence and social media are found in the category), while domestic collaborations have focused on more well-consolidated themes (e.g., academic libraries and bibliometrics). Organizations, countries, and communities of countries must therefore consider this thematic factor when designing strategies to improve their competitiveness and collaborate., Spanish Government PID2019-105381GA-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

The effects of spray additions of alginate, cationic guar gum, or chitosan on paper properties were determined. The aim of this study was to enhance the mechanical properties of papers after unrestrained drying, while maintaining or increasing the extraordinarily high elongation potential of these papers. The mechanical characteristics of the different polysaccharides were determined by tensile test of model films. Alginate resulted in very strong and stiff films with low strain at break values, while cationic guar gum and chitosan resulted in significantly weaker and softer films with high strain at break. The polysaccharide solutions were sprayed onto wet handsheets, and the paper properties were measured after restrained and unrestrained drying. The spray additions increased the tensile index, density, and tensile stiffness of the handsheets. Spray addition of alginate resulted in stiffer and stronger paper than the other tested polysaccharides. Alginate was able to increase the tensile index of the paper by 54% and the tensile stiffness by 32% after restrained drying. All strain at break values in this study correlated linearly with paper shrinkage during drying. Alginate, which gave extremely strong and stiff model films, enhanced paper shrinkage, effectively lowered the air permeability of the paper, and formed a polysaccharide film on top of the paper, was found to be the most promising candidate for future packaging applications. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Executive SummaryWith an increasing variety of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic or therapeutic nuclear medicine as valuable diagnostic or treatment option, radiobiology plays an important role in supporting optimizations. This comprises particularly safety and efficacy of radionuclide therapies, specifically tailored to each patient. As absorbed dose rates and absorbed dose distributions in space and time are very different between external irradiation and systemic radionuclide exposure, distinct radiation-induced biological responses are expected in nuclear medicine, which need to be explored. This calls for a dedicated nuclear medicine radiobiology. Radiobiology findings and absorbed dose measurements will enable an improved estimation and prediction of efficacy and adverse effects. Moreover, a better understanding on the fundamental biological mechanisms underlying tumor and normal tissue responses will help to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers as well as biomarkers for treatment follow-up. In addition, radiobiology can form the basis for the development of radiosensitizing strategies and radioprotectant agents. Thus, EANM believes that, beyond in vitro and preclinical evaluations, radiobiology will bring important added value to clinical studies and to clinical teams. Therefore, EANM strongly supports active collaboration between radiochemists, radiopharmacists, radiobiologists, medical physicists, and physicians to foster research toward precision nuclear medicine.

Video games are the digital entertainment resource most in demand by young people, which has led an increasing number of education experts to study their possible benefits. In particular, in this research, we set out to identify the potential of ‘Papers, Please’ to promote moral learning. Thus, we have tried to identify those objectives that go beyond the success in the video game and could favor moral learning. For this purpose, we have investigated what types of moral discourses arise from playing ‘Papers, Please’, a video game where you adopt the role of a customs inspector in a totalitarian state who must obtain the necessary money to fund their family. To do this, we analyzed the moral content of 1,560 player reviews. Results showed that only 4.94% of the reviews presented Moral Intuitions (moral content), which occurred more in the players who had played longer and had declared more Negative Emotions. As for the analysis of the Moral Intuitions, results showed that the players mainly made references to Care for both Family and Immigrants and point out the Authority of the State. However, Fairness/Cheating is less represented, despite the many events related to Immigrant discrimination. Through Exploratory Factor Analysis, we identified three dimensions, one of them pragmatic, oriented to success in the video game, and the others aimed at epistemic aspects beyond the objectives of the video game and that delve into the moral aspects of the game events. Hence, although spontaneous video game use is oriented toward pragmatic goals, ‘Papers, Please’ can guide players to think about the morality of the video game. Nevertheless, if we want to favor moral learning with ‘Papers, Please’, it is necessary to promote epistemic goals aimed at the explicitation of the morality that underlies the video game. To this end, we propose the application of scaffolding that favors these objectives, Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work has been supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain [PID2020-114177RB-I00]

Peanuts are Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume or pea family, and peanut allergy is among the most common food allergies and the most common cause of fatal food reactions and anaphylaxis.The prevalence of peanut allergy increased 3.5-fold over the past two decades reaching 1.4–2% in Europe and the United States. The reasons for this increase in prevalence are likely multifaceted. Sensitization via the skin appears to be associated with the development of peanut allergy and atopic eczema in infancy is associated with a high risk of developing peanut allergy.Until recently, the only possible management strategy for peanut allergy was strict allergen avoidance and emergency treatment including adrenaline auto-injector in cases of accidental exposure and reaction.This paper discusses the various factors that impact the risks of peanut allergy and the burden of self-management on peanut-allergic children and their caregivers.

The security of critical infrastructures is of paramount importance nowadays due to the growing complexity of components and applications. This paper collects the contributions to the industry dissemination session within the 14th International Conference on Critical Information Infrastructures Security (CRITIS 2019). As such, it provides an overview of recent practical experience reports in the field of critical infrastructure protection (CIP), involving major industry players. The set of cases reported in this paper includes the usage of serious gaming for training infrastructure operators, integrated safety and security management in the chemical/process industry, risks related to the cyber-economy for energy suppliers, smart troubleshooting in the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as intrusion detection in power distribution Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA). The session has been organized to stimulate an open scientific discussion about industry challenges, open issues and future opportunities in CIP research.

This paper studies the use of wastepaper sludge ash (WPSA) for structural concrete in binary and ternary mixes with high-strength cement and two industrial by-products, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and pulverised fuel ash (PFA). The potential use of WPSA in this type of concrete and its combination with other supplementary cementitious materials has not been established; thus, further research is needed prior to industrial-scale applications. A series of tests investigated the soundness and setting times of the resulting cements, the fresh concrete workability, cube compressive strength at various curing times, tensile splitting strength, flexural strength, static modulus of elasticity, water absorption and carbonation of the resulting concrete. Good binary WPSA mixes were achieved with high early strength gains, but workability reduced; binary mixes with 15% WPSA, were overall the best in terms of strength and durability, whilst maintaining pumpability. An improvement in the carbonation resistance of ternary GGBS and PFA mixes was also indicated upon addition of WPSA although their strengths were lower than those of binary WPSA mixes. Further mix optimisation can lead to other robust and durable high-strength cement systems with WPSA, allowing for higher cement replacements in structural concrete, for improved environmental impact.

Pulp and paper mills generate a huge amount of wastewater and some of them, especially non-wood paper mills, do not possess recovery systems. In this research work, the effectiveness of coagulation–flocculation using poly (ethylene oxide), poly aluminium chloride and poly (dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) for the treatment of a black liquor obtained from a pulp mill (with wheat straw as the raw material) is reported. Furthermore, the calorific potential of the solid fraction generated after these treatments was investigated with the aim of enhancing this residue. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and total solids (TS) were determined in the supernatants obtained from the different coagulation–flocculation processes. The treatment with poly (ethylene oxide) at pH 2.0 achieved the maximum reduction of TS (66%), COD (75%) and Turbidity (95%) in the black liquor and the precipitated solid fraction with the highest calorific value (19.9 MJ/kg).

Nanocelluloses are being explored and produced at an impressively increasing pace. Due to their good characteristics as reinforcement agent, their application in the most diverse fields has proven to be very beneficial. Their use in papermaking has been investigated in several studies, but the industrial implementation is still in a preliminary stage. In the present study, the influence of nanocelluloses, produced by four different treatments (mechanical, enzymatic hydrolysis, TEMPO-mediated oxidation and carboxymethylation) in the properties of filler-containing laboratory handsheets was assessed. Furthermore, five series produced with different additives, among internal strength and sizing agents as well as a retention agent, allowed to investigate the interactions between the common additives used in paper production and nanocelluloses. It was found that the different properties of the studied nanocelluloses led to very different interactions with the paper components. In this sense, by properly selecting the furnish to use (in terms of nanocellulose typology and presence or absence of each additive), high improvements of filler retention and dry and wet--web strength, as well as reduced surface roughness and water penetration, could be achieved.

This study presents 5-hydroxymethylfurfural removal from waste hand paper hydrolysate using activated carbon adsorption. In this context, the effects of adsorbent dosage, initial 5-hydroxymethylfurfural concentration, temperature, and agitation speed on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural adsorption were investigated. Moreover, isotherm and kinetic evaluations were performed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The experimental data were correlated with zero, first, pseudo-first, and Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion models. The toxicity of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was determined using the resazurin reduction assay, and the EC50 of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the hydrolysate was found as 192 mg/L. Most convenient 5-hydroxymethylfurfural adsorption was obtained at 5 g/L AC dosage, 40 °C and 150 rpm agitation speed. The highest 5-hydroxymethylfurfural removal efficiency was 92% at 7 g/L AC dosage. The adsorption data fitted best with the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum uptake capacity of 70.92 mg/g (R2: 0.96). The zero-order reaction kinetic model was the most suitable one among the others inspected. It was determined that intraparticle diffusion was not the rate-limiting step. This study showed that waste hand paper hydrolysate can effectively be detoxified by activated carbon adsorption. © 2019, Islamic Azad University (IAU).

The addition of nanofibrillated cellulose in paper production requires attention to its dispersion and retention during the paper forming process, and this is commonly facilitated by the use of retention agents. The performance of retention agents, which commonly have a cationic charge, is affected by the presence of dissolved and colloidal substances in the process water. In the process of paper production at an industrial level, especially when using recycled paper, there are a large amount of dissolved and colloidal substances in the water. A high proportion of these substances are negatively charged and are commonly referred to as anionic trash. Its presence increases the conductivity and charge density of the water, and this has a negative influence on the retention of cellulose nanofibers. In brown line paper production, some fibers have already been refined in at least one previous papermaking cycle. In this sense, recycled fibers have a reduced capacity to benefit from refining as they have suffered morphological damage. On the other hand, the addition of lignocellulosic nanofibers in the production of brown line paper has been found helpful to improve its properties and extend its lifespan. In this work the influence on the retention of nanofibers of different anionic trash levels in the water has been evaluated. The results showed its viability as a reinforcing agent in waters with high anionic trash content, through the addition of an anionic trash catching system Fil: Tarres, Quim. Universidad de Girona; España Fil: Area, Maria Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Materiales de Misiones. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Instituto de Materiales de Misiones; Argentina Fil: Vallejos, María Evangelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Materiales de Misiones. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Instituto de Materiales de Misiones; Argentina Fil: Ehman, Nanci Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Materiales de Misiones. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Instituto de Materiales de Misiones; Argentina Fil: Delgado Aguilar, Marc. Universidad de Girona; España Fil: Mutjé, Pere. Universidad de Girona; España

Marked mix-nets were introduced by Pereira and Rivest as a mechanism to allow very efficient mixing that ensures privacy but at the cost of not guaranteeing integrity. This is useful in a number of e-voting schemes such as STAR-Vote and Selene. However, the proposed marked mix-net construction comes with no proof of security and, as we show in this paper, does not provide privacy even in the presence of a single corrupt authority. Fortunately, the attack that we present is easy to prevent and we show several possible ways to address it. Finally while the original marked mix-net paper worked with ElGamal, we identify conditions that the adopted encryption scheme should satisfy in order to be appropriate for a marked mix-net. This opens the possibility of building marked mix-nets based on intractability assumptions which are believed to hold in the presence of a quantum computer.

Formal analysis techniques for software systems are becoming more and more powerful, and have been used on non-trivial examples. We argue that the next step forward is to combine these different techniques in a single framework, which makes it possible to (i) analyse different parts of the system with different techniques, (ii) apply different techniques on a single component, and (iii) seamlessly combine the results of the various analysis. We describe our vision of how this integration can be achieved for the analysis techniques of testing and deductive verification. We end with an overview of research challenges that need to be addressed to achieve this vision.

CAR-T cell therapy represents a therapeutic revolution in the prognosis and treatment of patients with certain types of hematological cancer. However, they also pose new challenges in the healthcare, regulatory and financial fields. The aim of the RET-A project was to undertake a strategic reflection on the management of CAR-T therapies within the Spanish National Health System, to agree on recommendations that will help to better deal with the new context introduced by these cell therapies in the present and in the future. This think tank involved 40 key agents and opinion leaders. The experts identified three great challenges for implementing advanced therapies in Spain: therapeutic individualisation, with a multidisciplinary approach; acceleration of access times, by minimizing bureaucracy; and increase in the number of centers qualified to manage the CAR-T therapies in the NHS. The experts agreed on the ideal criteria for designating those qualified centers. They also agreed on a comprehensive CAR-T care pathway with the timings and roles which would ideally be involved in each part of the process., This study was funded by Gilead Sciences, Inc.

Our life depends more and more on intelligent machines that help us carry out our work or have completely taken our place in tasks which used to be wholly human. This also applies to the field of care and assistance for the sick and fragile: indeed, carebots are increasingly present by the patient’s bed and can collaborate in care work. However carebots are not objects like others that we use in our everyday life: unlike the tools through which we do things, robots have (and will more and more have) some level of autonomy. We intend to consider the type of relationship it is right to build with these devices and ask whether intelligent robots deserve some moral and legal relevance. The robot may be seen as a slave or an entity with which we can form friendships or loving relationships: we will maintain that it is our responsibility to prepare for future scenarios in which increasingly intelligent, autonomous machines will be not mere tools, but significant life companions.

Multiple sclerosis is a complex, autoimmune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal/neuronal damage. The approval of various disease-modifying therapies and our increased understanding of disease mechanisms and evolution in recent years have significantly changed the prognosis and course of the disease. This update of the Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group treatment recommendation focuses on the most important recommendations for disease-modifying therapies of multiple sclerosis in 2021. Our recommendations are based on current scientific evidence and apply to those medications approved in wide parts of Europe, particularly German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland).

Recent years have seen many privacy violations that have cost both the users of software systems and the businesses that run them in a variety of ways. One potential cause of these violations may be the ad hoc nature of the implementation of privacy measures within software systems, which may stem from the poor representation of privacy within many Software Development LifeCycle (SDLC) processes. We propose to give privacy a higher priority within the SDLC through the creation of a confederated Privacy-Aware SDLC (PASDLC) which incorporates the Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) lifecycle. The PASDLC brings stakeholders of the software system closer together through the implementation of multiple interception points, whilst prompting the stakeholders to consider privacy within the software system. We consider many challenges to the creation of the PASDLC, including potential communication issues from confederating the processes of a SDLC and the effective measurement of privacy as an attribute of a software system. Postprint

Non-radiologist point-of-care ultrasonography (US) is increasingly implemented in paediatric care because it is believed to facilitate a timely diagnosis, such as in ascites or dilated renal pelvicalyceal systems, and can be used to guide interventional procedures. To date, all policy statements have been published by non-radiologic societies. The European Society of Paediatric Radiology hereby issues a position statement on paediatric non-radiologist point-of-care US from the point of view of those leading on children’s imaging, i.e. paediatric radiologists. In this position statement, we will address the boundaries, education, credentialing, quality control, reporting and storage of images in paediatric practice.

In over fve years, Bornmann, Stefaner, de Moya Anegon, and Mutz (2014b) and Bornmann, Stefaner, de Moya Anegón, and Mutz (2014c, 2015) have published several releases of the www.excellencemapping.net tool revealing (clusters of) excellent institutions worldwide based on citation data. With the new release, a completely revised tool has been published. It is not only based on citation data (bibliometrics), but also Mendeley data (altmetrics). Thus, the institutional impact measurement of the tool has been expanded by focusing on additional status groups besides researchers such as students and librarians. Furthermore, the visualization of the data has been completely updated by improving the operability for the user and including new features such as institutional profle pages. In this paper, we describe the datasets for the current excellencemapping.net tool and the indicators applied. Furthermore, the underlying statistics for the tool and the use of the web application are explained.

The cerebellum is involved in multiple closed-loops circuitry which connect the cerebellar modules with the motor cortex, prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortical areas, and contribute to motor control, cognitive processes, emotional processing, and behavior. Among them, the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway represents the anatomical substratum of cerebellum-motor cortex inhibition (CBI). However, the cerebellum is also connected with basal ganglia by disynaptic pathways, and cerebellar involvement in disorders commonly associated with basal ganglia dysfunction (e.g., Parkinson’s disease and dystonia) has been suggested. Lately, cerebellar activity has been targeted by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to indirectly affect and tune dysfunctional circuitry in the brain. Although the results are promising, several questions remain still unsolved. Here, a panel of experts from different specialties (neurophysiology, neurology, neurosurgery, neuropsychology) reviews the current results on cerebellar NIBS with the aim to derive the future steps and directions needed. We discuss the effects of TMS in the field of cerebellar neurophysiology, the potentials of cerebellar tDCS, the role of animal models in cerebellar NIBS applications, and the possible application of cerebellar NIBS in motor learning, stroke recovery, speech and language functions, neuropsychiatric and movement disorders.

This white paper argues that formal methods need to be better rooted in higher education curricula for computer science and software engineering programmes of study. To this end, it advocates improved teaching of formal methods;systematic highlighting of formal methods within existing, ‘classical’ computer science courses; andthe inclusion of a compulsory formal methods course in computer science and software engineering curricula. These recommendations are based on the observations that formal methods are an essential and cost-effective means to increase software quality; howevercomputer science and software engineering programmes typically fail to provide adequate training in formal methods; and thusthere is a lack of computer science graduates who are qualified to apply formal methods in industry. This white paper is the result of a collective effort by authors and participants of the 1st International Workshop on Formal Methods – Fun for Everybody which was held in Bergen, Norway, 2–3 December 2019. As such, it represents insights based on learning and teaching computer science and software engineering (with or without formal methods) at various universities across Europe.

The paper is about the evolution of paper mills in relation to the technological evolution of machines and mechanism for the production of paper. Industrial production techniques is a theme that involves the building and its development. The principles, technology, and even cultural aspects were analyzed in this paper to define the relationship between industrial building and paper making evolution. A Modern documentation needs identified the potential of Industrial Archeology researches in the recent years. Many architects, archaeologists, conservationists, engineers document and purpose possible solution to manage Industrial Archeology structures. The latest years, there are many developments in the Industrial Archeology field. In this review article, following a brief historic background for the papermaking, the analysis of the development factors in the territory of South Lazio focusing also on the cultural background, and of changes in the layout of industrial buildings due to the development of faster and more efficient machinery and methods to produce paper. The conclusion focuses on the future perspective to manage Industrial Archeology.

Cardiac arrhythmias remain a common challenge and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Effective and safe rhythm control strategies are a primary, yet unmet need in everyday clinical practice. Despite significant pharmacological and technological advances, including catheter ablation and device-based therapies, the development of more effective alternatives is of significant interest to increase quality of life and to reduce symptom burden, hospitalizations and mortality. The mechanistic understanding of pathophysiological pathways underlying cardiac arrhythmias has advanced profoundly, opening up novel avenues for mechanism-based therapeutic approaches. Current management of arrhythmias, however, is primarily guided by clinical and demographic characteristics of patient groups as opposed to individual, patient-specific mechanisms and pheno-/genotyping. With this state-of-the-art paper, the Working Group on Cellular Electrophysiology of the German Cardiac Society aims to close the gap between advanced molecular understanding and clinical decision-making in cardiac electrophysiology. The significance of cellular electrophysiological findings for clinical arrhythmia management constitutes the main focus of this document. Clinically relevant knowledge of pathophysiological pathways of arrhythmias and cellular mechanisms of antiarrhythmic interventions are summarized. Furthermore, the specific molecular background for the initiation and perpetuation of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and mechanism-based strategies for therapeutic interventions are highlighted. Current hot topics in atrial fibrillation are critically appraised. Finally, the establishment and support of cellular and translational electrophysiology programs in clinical rhythmology departments is called for to improve basic-science-guided patient management.

In this paper, we examine whether a user’s tweets can help to a generate more serendipitous recommendations. In addition, we investigate whether the use of diversification applied on a list of recommended items further improves serendipity. To this end, we conduct an experiment with n = 22 subjects. The result of our experiment shows that the subject’s tweets did not improve serendipity, but diversification results in more serendipitous recommendations., 23rd International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, TPDL 2019, Oslo, Norway, September 9-12, 2019. Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNCS, volume 11799), also part of the Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI book sub series (LNISA, volume 11799).

The ability to pattern highly conductive features on paper substrates is critically important for applications in radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, displays, sensors, printed electronics, and diagnostics. Ink-jet printing particle-free reactive silver inks is an additive, material efficient and versatile strategy for fabrication of highly conductive patterns; however, the intrinsic wetting properties of cellulose based papers are not suitable to serve as substrates for this process. This study reports one-step and practical modification of the surface of paper substrates using industrially available materials. The paper substrates were dip-coated with films of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon based polymeric resins. Ink-jet printing particle-free reactive silver inks on the modified paper substrates followed by fast thermal annealing resulted in highly conductive patterns. The coatings improved the conductivity of the patterns and reduced the number of printing layers required to obtain conductivity. We finally demonstrated fabrication of a printed RFID tag on the coated paper substrates operating at the frequency range of 865–870 MHz.

A waste-based alternative activated carbon (AAC) was produced from paper mill sludge under optimized conditions. Aiming its application in tertiary wastewater treatment, AAC was used for the removal of carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, and paroxetine from biologically treated municipal wastewater. Kinetic and equilibrium adsorption experiments were run under batch operation conditions. For comparison purposes, they were also performed in ultrapure water and using a high-performance commercial AC (CAC). Adsorption kinetics was fast for the three pharmaceuticals and similar onto AAC and CAC in either wastewater or ultrapure water. However, matrix effects were observed in the equilibrium results, being more remarkable for AAC. These effects were evidenced by Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities (qm, mg g-1): for AAC, the lowest and highest qm were 194 ± 10 (SMX) and 287 ± 9 (PAR), in ultrapure water, and 47 ± 1 (SMX) and 407 ± 14 (PAR), in wastewater, while for CAC, the lowest and highest qm were 118 ± 7 (SMX) and 190 ± 16 (PAR) in ultrapure water and 123 ± 5 (SMX) and 160 ± 7 (CBZ) in wastewater. It was found that the matrix pH played a key role in these differences by controlling the surface electrostatic interactions between pharmaceutical and AC. Overall, it was evidenced the need of adsorption results in real matrices and demonstrated that AAC is a promising option to be implemented in tertiary wastewater treatments for pharmaceuticals' removal. Graphical abstract Production of an alternative activated carbon (AC) comparing favourably with a commercial AC in the removal of neutral and positive pharmaceuticals from wastewater. published