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Mr. TACHIBANA Zuichō, who was a member of the Ōtani Expedition dispatched three times to Central Asia at the beginning of this century, preserves many objects brought from the area. And among them seventeen pieces of painted paper excite our interest. They are cut into various shapes and we can group them into four by design and technique. 1) Three examples with a stripe pattern like roof tiles (fig. 1); 2) three examples with rainbow-shading on a white painted ground (Pl. VI a, b,' fig. 2); 3) six examples with such patterns as bird and flower on white painted ground (figs. 3～7); 4) five examples which have cloud-like patterns without ground paint (figs. 7, 8). Some of these have writing on the back, and the date and the official stamps of the middle eighth century are found in the inscriptions. It is known that pieces of paper of a documentary nature were employed as tomb decoration after they had outlived other uses. It seems to be that they were cut out after being painted. On the other hand, in Ryūkoku University in Kyoto, there is a huge amount of fragmentary manuscripts brought from Turfan by the Ōtani Expedition, and some of them have some connection with the writing on the back of the Tachibana Collection's fragments now in question. And, further, some pieces with exactly the same shapes as these are included. They were apparently used for the tomb decoration pasted together with the Tachibana Collection's painted pieces, though they were broken up for research after coming to Japan. In Turfan of the T'ang Period there were no tombs with wall paintings. And it is presumed that paper paintings and silk paintings ornamented the tombs by way of substitute. The panels with paintings of “Figures Beneath a Tree” preserved in Tokyo National Museum and the Atami Museum or paintings of “Fu-hsi and Ni-wa”, all from Turfan, would serve as examples. And the painted pieces of paper in question also seem to have been used for that purpose. At the end of the article in which the author thus introduced authentic examples of painted patterns of the middle eighth century, are introduced all the inscriptions on their reverse sides, which supplement the Ryūkoku University documents published in Vols. 2, 3 of Saiiki Bunka Kenkyū (Monumenta Serindica) edited by the Research Society of Central Asian Culture in 1959 and 1960.

The Kokūzō-Bosatsu Nenju Shidai (canons for the worship of the Bodhisattva Akāśagarbha) owned by the Ishiyama-dera Monastery, Otsu, discovered in 1941 by Messrs. Sakamoto and Takeuchi of the Research Institute of Historical Materials at the Tokyo University, is a horizontal scroll written in China ink on paper, 353.1 cm. in total length and 30.6 cm. in width. The reverse side of this scroll has inscriptions of manuscripts dated the year Kōho 3 (A. D. 966) and several letters including those written in kana (Japanese syllabics cripts). The letters in kana among them are especially notable, for they are as many as thirty years older than what has heretofore been considered to be the oldest kana letter in existence. They are all the more important because they are the first examples of their kind dating from about the time of the death of Ono-no-Tofū, (894-964), the all-famous calligraphist. The first chapter of this essay is the introduction. The second chapter is an outline information of the present state of the scroll, which consists of eighteen fragmentary sheets of paper assembled together. The third chapter gives a survey of the inscriptions found on the reverse side of the paper. The inscriptions can be classified into three groups: two official reports, one by Hōchin and the other by Kintada, both dated March of Kōho 3 (966); four letters, by Fujiwara Kiyomasa, Fujiwara Morouji, Fujiwara Tamemitsu, and an anonymous person, respectively, and four private letters in kana, all without the names of the writers. These writings remain in eighteen separate sheets, which have been assembled into a horizontal scroll. The text of the Nenju Shidai is written on the other side of this scroll. The present author presumes that the text was calligraphed by the priest Kanchū, the head of the Ishiyama-dera Monastery in the fourth generation, who died in the year Teigen 2 (977) at seventy-two. This ascription is only a conjecture at present as we lack enough information about the activity of the priest, but at least it can be safely asserted that the calligraphic style for the text reveals the mode characteristic of the 960's. This means that the inscriptions on the other side of the scroll can not be later than 960's. The fourth and fifth chapters are devoted to the description of those inscriptions, and the sixth chapter discusses their importance in the history of Japanese calligraphy. The inscriptions on the reverse side disclose several different styles ; among the four letters in kana, particularly, we distinctly notice three different styles. It is significant to know that these three calligraphic styles existed concurrently in about the 960's. The letters in kana are especially valuable. The first style reveals the manner of brushwork closely resembling that of the writings attributed to the noted calligraphist, Ki-no Tsurayuki, and it affords us an important source of reference in the study of Tsurayuki's art of the writing brush. The second proves that already in that period there existed the “continuous script,” that is, the manner of writing several syllabic scripts in an unbroken stroke of the brush instead of writing each character separately. This fact necessitates the re-editton of the history of kana calligraphy. The third is that we have found here exemples in which the lines of a letter are even both at the top and the bottom (that is to say, the beginnings and ends of the vertical lines are straight). The oldest letters in kana known heretofore were of later dates, and were all written in “scattered writing.” The last chapter, seventh, lists the names of the calligraphists of those times (10 th Century) mentioned in literary sources. Hitherto the calligraphic art of that period has been explained as represented by the sequence of three masters, from Ono-no-Tōfū through Fujiwara Sari to Fujiwara Kōzei. The discovery of the above-mentioned manuscripts, however, suggests that we have to admit the existence of other contemporary lineages.

The Hyōsei-shū written in four horizontal scrolls and the Kanjō Ajari Senji Kanchō in one scroll, recently discovered in the Shōren-in Monastery in Kyoto by Prof. AKAMATSU Toshihide of the Kyoto University and Mr. ŌTA Kizō of the Kyoto Municipality, attract out attention as they have valuable writings inscribed on the back sides of their paper base. The Hyōsei-shū in Chinese : Piao-chih-chi) is a record concerning the T'ang priest Pu-K'ung San-tsang, its original being in six scrolls; the latter is a collection of Imperial documents investing kanjō ajari (ācārya or masterpriests qualified to baptize others) in the Enryaku-ji Monastery, and documents from the Prime Minister investing ajari (ācārya) in the Gangyō-ji and Hosshō-ji Monasteries, its original probably consisting of two scrolls. Both are manuscripts associated with the Esoteric Buddhism, and are imagined to have been possessed by Ryōyū, the head priest of the Shōren-in in its second generation from the eleventh to twelfth centuries. Both the documents were inscribed on the blank reverse sides of used sheets of paper. The obverse sides are chiefly manuscripts and letters addressed to a priest, presumably the above-mentioned Ryōyū, and some other letters and discarded documents. (Translator's note: In early times when paper was precious, back sides of already used paper sheets were frequently utilized for writing. Very often the second writings are more important historically, so that the original obverse sides with the first writings are treated as if they were the reverse sides. In these cases the original writings are called “paper-back writings”.) The Hyōsei-shū was inscribed by priest Shunchō in 1087. The Kanjō Ajar i Senji Kanchō was inscribed about the same time by an unknown calligraphist, probably on the model of the same documents originally owned by the priest Jikaku Daishi. The present study is devoted to researches on the contents, characteristics and the significance in the history of Japanese calligraphy, of the manuscripts and letters on the original obverse sides of the scrolls. They comprise sixty--five items altogether, consisting of eight documents, seven letters in Chinese characters, and fifty letters in kana (Japanese syllabaries). Most of the letters are by members of the family of the courtier FUJIWARA Tamefusa (1049-1115): eleven Chinese-character letters by Tamefusa, forty-two kana letters by Tamefusa's wife, and two Chinese-character letters supposedly by Tamefusa's son. Their dates are mostly in the Ōtoku era (1084-1086). Other items include documents with dates of Eiho 3 to 4 (1082-1084) and Ōtoku 2 (1085), and kana letters whose writers and dates are unknown. It is interesting to find in one of them a statement about smallpox, for it is recorded in history that the Crown Prince Sanehito died of smallpox on the eighth day of the eleventh month of Ōtoku 2 (1085). The kana letters by Tamefusa's wife are the only examples of the sort known to date. They are very important materials in the history of calligraphy, for they enable us to date the surviving portions of the anthology Reika shu (known as “Kōshi-gire”, calligraphed by Ko-ōgimi) and of the Collected Poems by Lady Saigū (known as “Kōjima-gire”, calligraphed by Ono-no-Tōfū) showing marked resemblance in style to them, in approximately the same period as these letters. Furthermore, some of the kana letters by unknown writers contain early specimens of calligraphic style akin to those of the “Indigo Paper Version” of the anthology Man-yo-shu ascribed by some scholars to the hand of FUJIWARA Koremochi, and of the record of a poetry contest known as “Jūgo-ban Uta-awase”; the kana letters by Tamefusa written to his children also are unique examples. To summarize, the discovery of the writings on the back of these scrolls supplies us valuable materials of kana writing which help us in chronological editing of other specimens in the second half of the eleventh century. It is significant also that they include kana letters with dates and the names of writers.

Eighty-four cases including twenty-nine with significant bacte r iuria (colony count over 105/ ml) were studied on urinary glucose concentration by hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method and KAB-1 test paper. Significant bacteriurias showed very low glucose concentrations under 2 mg/100 ml and good reliability of KAB-1 test pape, r for detection of significant bacteriuria was proved. Sensitivity was 93 % and specificity was 95 % on KAB-1 test paper.

The decoration of the Sanjūrokunin Kashū in the Honganji Collectioh has been widely known as one of the most ornate of the kind, executed with the utmost employment of all varieties of materials and techniques available at the time of its making (about 1110-1118). This fact has heretofore been simply explained as illustrative of the aesthetic taste in the Heian Period, but according to the present author's opinion they are designed in conformity with the classifications of subject matters of the poems in the Kokin Waka Rokujō (Kokin Anthology in Six Volumes). The Kokin Waka Rokujō was compiled at the time when the Kokin Waka-shū was edited; it classifies the poems therein, after the model of the Chinese Hakushi Rokujō (in Chinese; Pai Shih Liu T'ieh, poems by Pai Lo-t'ien in six volumes), into five hundred odd groups by their subject matters. The major subject groups in the Kokin Waka Rokujō are the four seasons, which constitute the most conspicuous aspects of nature, and love, which is the most vehement of human sensations. The five sections richest in descriptive elements among the decorative patterns in the San jūrokunin Kashū, Honganji version, can be interpreted to represent these five major subjects: the cherry-blossoms (spring) for the Yoshinobu-shū (collected poems by Yoshinobu), the boat and reeds (summer) for the Shigeyuki-shū, the reeds and waves (autumn) for the Nobuaki-shū, the sparrows and bamboos (winter) for the Motozane-shū, and the child embracing a cat (love) for the Yoshinobu-shū. The scenes of the four seasons are drawn under poems and prose writings which refer in some way or other to the objects or sights involved; the pictures themselves also convey the atmospheres of respective seasons. The picture of a child with a cat can be reasonably associated with Kashiwagi, the hero of one of the love romances told in the famous Tales of Genji. Drawings connected with poetry in the Heian Period, termed uta-e (“poem-pictures”) or ashide-e (“reed-manner pictures”, drawings with characters or letters from the text of poems concealed scattered among them), mostly contain some literary puzzles to be solved on the part of the observer. The underdrawings in the San jūrokunin Kashū under discussion are examples of the sort. It is to be noted that they comprise two different kinds: one reflecting the manner of the Chinese Sung painting, and the other in the pure Japanese style which has something in common with the paintings illustrating the Tales of Genji traditionally attributed to FUJIWARA Takayoshi. Many of the decorations in the subject work, either drawn with the brush or presented by scattered sand- or thread -like strips of gold and silver leaf, represent realistically or symbolically the sub-divisions of the seasonal subject matters in the Kokin Waka Rokujō, such as rain, wind, snow, haze, and storm, as well as such sights of nature as the river, sea, water-stream, mountain, rice-field, grassy plain, flowers, butterflies, insects, etc. These seasonal aspects of nature are beautifully conventionalized to create a rhythmical variety, and the texts of the poems in kana are inscribed over them in flowing cursive script to match the rhythms of the decoration. The feelings of the four seasons here appear to convey the atmosphere of the old capital Kyoto, where they are enhanced by its beautiful sceneries.

1. The author showed by means of paper-electrophoresis using o-nitrosoresorcinmonomethylether (hereafter N. R. M. E.), a colourdeveloping reagent, that iron in serum combines with β-fraction of serum protein. 2. The author proposed a new method for the determination of serum iron by means of paper-chromatography. Procedure is as follows. In a centriguged tube, 0.5 ml. of clear serum is taken, acidified with 0.15 ml. of 20% HNO(3), and allowed to stand for 20 minutes. After addition of 0.2 ml. of saturated solution of CH(3)COONa and 1 ml. of acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution (pH: 3.8), the mixture is kept for at least 10 min. and filtered through Toyo-filter-paper No.5 A. The clear filtrate is taken in a stoppered test tube (the inside diameter: 1.2 cm.; height: 15 cm.). To this filtrate are added 0.2 ml. of 20% Hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 0.25 ml. of saturated aqueous solution of N. R. M. E. After being allowed to stand for at least 20 min., the mixture is shaken with 5 ml. of carbon tebrachloride. Then the excess of N. R. M. E. is removed. The supernatant aqueous solution (0.2 ml.) is used for a determination sample. The sample is placed on the paper (Toyo,filter-paper No.51 or 50) in a thin line at a distance of 10 cm. from the edge, and the spots are developed with 90 % ethylalcohol. After development for 4-6 hours, a green-coloured linear spot appsars at a distance of 12-16 cm. from the origin-point. Spot intensity at 670 mμ is measured with Natsume's densitometer, and from this, concentration of Fe can be estimat.ed on the standard graph (Fig. 5). 3, Effects of radioactive thermal spring bathing and internal use of vitriol water upon serum iron levels were studied with the result.s as follows. The above-mentioned author's method of determining the iron level in a small amount of serum is very convenient in investigating iron metabolism in the field of balneotherapy. The author examined changes of iron levels in serum after radioactive thermal bathing as well as after internal use of acid vitriol water. a) The iron levels in serum were maasurecl by the author's method before and 5, 30 and 60 minutes after the radioactive thermal bath (Rn-content: 10-30 Mache, 42-3°C., for 10 min,). The iron levels in the serum of healthy subjects showed no significant change after the thermal bathing. b) Yanahara Mineral Water (an acid vitriol water, pH; 2.2) contains 0.045 gm. of Cl(-), 12.35 gm. of SO(4)(--), 2.5 gm. of Fe(++)+Fe(+++), 0.0938 gm. of Al(+++) and 0.0001 gm. of Cobalt in one liter. i) Thirty ml. of Yanahara, water diluted with plain water to 200 ml. (Fe(++) content: ca. 75 mg.) and administered to health fasting subjects orally. As a control matter, 0.65 gm. of Glukon-F powder (Fe(++) content.: ca. 75 mg.) was then given. Blood samples were taken from the cubital vein before and 1, 3 and 6 hours after the intake of the dtriol water. Iron contents of the serum samples were measured by the author's paper chromatographic method. The results were shown in the table and the figure. The iron contents of the serum after the intake of the mineral water were higher than in the case of the control. ii) Two ml. of Yanahara vitriol water was administered to rabbits with the aid of a stomach tube, and serum iron levels wera determined before and 1, 3, 4 and 6 hours after the administration. An amount of 0.05 gm. of Glukon-F powder was dissolved in 5 ml. of plain water, and this solution was given to rabbits as a control. After the internal use of vitriol water, iron levels in serum rose and remained unexpactedly high for about 1-4 hours, in a manner that did not. correspond to the amount of iron in the given mineral water. So that it was suspected that the iron originally contained in the living subjects had been mobilized by the intake of vitriol water. Iron levels in serum after administration of a solution of Glukon-F powder were lower than in the case of the mineral water.

Comparative study was done on the protein of gatsric juice in empty stomach of 54 persons including gastric patients and health ones by filter paper electrophoresis. The fluctuations of fractions of gastric juice by histamin stimulation were done to 29 cases of them. 1) Six fractions were found in the case of normal gastric juice, while 4-6 fractions were admitted in that of gastric patients. 2) These were Called A C(1) C(2) C(3) C(4) B counted from the order of larger mobility. 3) Fraction A has a larger mobility than human serum albumin. Fraction B moves to the negative side than human serum γ-globulin. Fractions C(1-4) show a similar mobility to human serum albumin and globulin. 4) Fraction A was highly recognized in gastric juice below pH. 3.0 but in that beyond pH. 3.0 it was not quite found. 5) The enlargment or appearance of fraction A was found in the gastric juice under pH 3.0 by histamin injection, but nothing was found in that above pH 3.0. 6) No enlargement or its appearance of fraction A was found in gastric cancer patients with gastric juice above pH 3.0. 7) The same tendency could be found in fracion B.

Sulfide particles observed in the solidified copper slag are caused by both mechanically entrained and chemically dissolved sulfides in the molten slag. The microscopicstructure of suspended white metal in the converter slag which was gradually cooled is illustrated in Photo 1. The following crystallites are recognized : 1) Bluish-grey matrix containing high copper content-Cu_2S solid solution ; 2) Bluish-purple copper sulfide phase-bornite solid solution which is separated from copper sulfide solid solution by miscibility gap (see Fig.1) ; 3) Small alloy phase containing antimony and nickel, exhibiting similar color to metallic copper ; 4) White crystallite having such shape as linear or chain type-PbS ; 5) Dark-bluish-grey crystallite-ZnS. The results of EPMA analysis of the above crystallites are shown in Table 1. The microscopicstructure of the sulfide particles separated from the converter slag during the solidification is shown in Photo 2. These particles have been found and reported in our preceding paper (see its Photos 2 and 3). It is consisting of eutectic structure of Cu_2S and PbS (see Fig.2). Two kinds of sulfide particles separated from the flash smelting furnace slag have been reported and illustrated in our preceding paper (see its 4 and 5 of Table 2). Besides these sulfide particles originated to dissolved copper and zinc in the slag, mechanically entrained sulfide particles are often observed in the slag, and, as an example, the microscopicstructure of such complex sulfide particles is shown in Photo 4. The following crystallites are recognized and the results of EPMA analysis given in Table 2 : i) Reddish-purple homogeneous phase-bornite solid solution ; ii) Yellow homogeneous phase-chalcopyrite solid solution ; iii) Greyish-blue leaf-like crystallite-ZnS-FeS solid solution ; iv) Fine eutectic crystals consisting of bornite and white lead sulfide. It should be noticed that such structure is different substantially from that of the matte, and it seems to be molten material of complex copper concentrate itself. Photo 5 shows the microscopicstructure of the matte taken out of a flash furnace, and the following phases having the compositions shown in Table 3 are recognized : a) Light-blue matrix-bornite solid solution ; b) Yellow pyrrhotite solid solution ; c) Angular crystallite-magnetite ; d) Scattered small light-grey round crystallite-wustite ; e) Dark-grey fayalite-minor in amount ; f) Light-greyish crystallite contiguous to pyrrhotite-ZnS-FeS solid solution (see Fig.3) ; g) White metallic ultra fine crystallite containing lead. As have been clarified in our previous reports, a considerable amount of iron oxide and even silica of a small amount can be dissolved in the molten matte. Accordingly, the phases a) through e) above are common constitutents in the copper matte. Although zinc in the matte crystallizes as the solid solution of ZnS-FeS, most lead seems to be separated as the metallic form and sometimes containing antimony, arsenic, nickel and other metals.

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The amount of Tetralin, sprayed on filter paper as stationary solvent, and affected on the R_F value of the INOUYE and NODA's reversed phase paper chomatography of fatty acid were studied. The results are shown in Table 1∿6,and Fig. 1,Fig. 2. Control the developing time and the front fairly constant R_F values were obtained.

Article, 信州醫學雜誌 7(2): 151-155(1958)

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1) When I paste a piece of filter paper which is wetted by a test sample with a filter paper strip, instead of putting the test sample on the strip directly, I can obtain a well developed chromatogram with scarcely any affections. So I find that it is possible to develope and detect the undeveloped portion in HCl-butanol system, by pasteing with another strip and developing in HCl-acetone system, and so on. Thus this method may be applicable to the systematic inorganic analysis of paper chromatography. 2) Generally we used to employ alcoholic alizarin and saturated Na-rhodizonate solutions to detect the alkaline earth ions on paper chromatogram, but the latter is so expensive and unstable that we can't use it for student practice. Instead of Na-rhodizonate method, I tried the following method in successful ; after dipping the strip of filter paper in alcoholic galic acid solution (0.3%) and drying, we dip it again in alcoholic alizarin solution (0.1%) and dry, then hang it in NH3 gas. Dark blue spot of (Ca) appears firstly, dark green of (Ba) secondly and dark greenish, brown (Sr) then appears. All of them turn to dark brown at last. As to the sensitivity of this method, I find that we can detect Ca++ impurity in 5% solution of commercial Sr(NO3)2 and Ba(NO3)2, and that Sr and Ba are detected by this method, mentioned above, as clear as Ca is detected in alizarin method.

1.本試験は第1報に記載した水稻育苗促進に用いられる被覆用紙の物理的性質が発芽並に苗の素質に及ぼす影響に就いて調査したものである. 2.本実験に用いた保温紙は第1報所載のものと同一で,水稻品種は旭4号である. 3.調査は気温,水温,地温,草丈,葉数,根長,根数,葉色,生体重,風乾重及成苗歩合等に就いて比較した. 4.地温上昇並に保持効果は保温紙の物理的性質の差異に応じて現れ苗の生育に差異を生したが,塩化ヒニール布では時に生育に不適当な高温になつたこともあつた. 5.低温時には保温の効果が草丈の伸長に現はれ,高温時には根部の発達にも役立つた. 6.保温は苗の重量増加を増し乾物率は低温時より高温時の方が高い. 7.低温時の保温苗は裸地苗より軟弱となるが高温時は裸地苗よりも強剛となる. 8.塩化ビニール布は発芽歩合を高め,最も良苗を得たが,通気に考慮を払ひ被覆期間は長期に亘らぬことが大切である. 9.ビニール塗紙は保温性を欠き,苗の生育は梢遅れるが,除紙後の生育は良好である.但し紙質が不良であるから取扱ひに注意を要する. 10.メラミン樹脂加工紙は保温育苗の効果が低く,紙質も不良,苗の生育もよくないから一考を要する. 11.油紙類は発芽歩合が梢劣るが,保温性に富み苗の素質も良好である.併し,中には不良なものもあるからその選択には注意を要する。

著者らは,沪紙上でのベンゼンボロン酸の検出にクルクミン試薬が利用できることを確かめ,また,クルクミンと1,2-ジオールとがベンゼンボロン酸に対して競合的に反応することを見出し,これを1,2-ジオール類の沪紙上での検出に応用した。1,2-ジオール類の限界検出量は数μgから数十μgの範囲であった。, 1) On paper chromatograms, boric acid and benzeneboronic acid can be detected with curcumin reagent. 2) The colour change of curcumin with benzeneboronic acid is highly disturbed by the presence of 1,2 -diols. Accordingly, combined use of benzeneboronic acid with curcumin can be applied for the detection of 1,2-diols on paper chromatograms.

Azopigments, yielded after the addition of diazotised sulphanilic acid to the each of bilirubin, mesobilirubin and bilirubindimetbylester, have been studied by paper partition chromatography if there were some differences in Rf on the chromatograms among these azopigments. The following results were obtained; Regarding developing solvents, methylethylketone-n-propanol-water (15:5:6), n-propanol-water (7:3), n-propanol-acetic acid-water (4:1:5) and saturated n-butanol with 10% citric acid were found as giving the most adequate partition of these samples from the chromatographies done with uses of more than forty kinds of solvents. Using these developing solvent systems, the distinct diferences in the partition were found among these three bilirubinoid-azopigments. In developing process on the chromatography of these azopigments, a reddish-violet spot changed its color partially to blue, and was finally divided into two spots of red and blue. This indicated the coexistence of two kinds of the azopigments in the crude samples. By leaving or heating the paper after developing the chromatography, a yellow spot appeared with the Rf common to these three azopigments, and it was possibly throught that this spot resulted from excess amount of the diazonium salt remained in the reacting solution.

Phytophthora capsici Leon.の遊走子のうを多量に形成させるための培養法を開拓した。培地としてはキュウリ, ダイコン, タマネギ, ナス, ニンジン, および, キャベツの食用部分のジュースのうちで, キュウリが最もすぐれていた。このジュースは果実をミキサーで粉砕後4枚のガーゼで滬過した程度がよく, 混在する組織断片や細胞顆粒の中に旺盛な遊走子型発芽能力をもった遊走子のうの形成に有効な物質が含れている。このジュースは原液のままより, むしろ, 2倍程度に稀釈したほうが遊走子のうの形成には適している。この培地に菌体を植込み, 28℃で2週間, 前培養したのち, 形成された菌そうを取出して, 滅菌した脱イオン水でよく洗い, 表を上にして, 湿った滬紙を敷いたペトリ皿に移し, 障子紙を張った木枠のふたをかぶせて, 28℃螢火灯照明付定温器内に並べておくと, 24-28時間の後培養で, 菌そうの上面に多量の遊走子のうが形成されるので, これをかき取って供試することになる。, Paper lid method for the cultural formation of abundant zoosporangia of Phytophthora capsici Leon. was described on this paper. The juice medium of cucumber was most favorable for obtaining numerous zoosporangia among that of seven vegetable plants, i.e. cucumber, radish, onion, eggplant, carrot, cabbage and V-8 juice (Campbell Soup Co.). Cucumber fruits were homogenized by an electric mixer, and filtered through four sheets of gause. The filtrate contained fine tissue debris and cellular particles, which were indespensable as active factors for production of zoosporangia released vigorously swimming zoospores. The cucumber juice medium was produced by adding same volume of deionized water to the filtrate. Thirty ml of the medium in each of 200ml Erlenmyer flask was sterilized by autoclaving at 121℃ for 15min. Many times of sterilization by autoclaving were unfavorable for mycerial growth and zoosporangium formation. This medium was inoculated with a 5mm diam disk of mycerium grown on PDA plane ager in Petri dish at 28℃ for 4 days. The inoculated medium was incubated at 28℃ for 2 weeks. The grown mycerial mat was removed from the flask, and rinsed with sterilized deionized water through a Buchner funnel with a sheet of 70mm diam filter paper (Toyo No. 2). The clean mycerial mat put on two sheets of 90mm diam wet filter paper in Petri dish which was covered with a special paper lid, instead of ordinary glass lid of Petri dish. The paper lid was a wooden hoop with 100mm diam, 13mm wide and 3mm thick, covered with Japanese paper on upper side. The lid keeps the surface of mycerial mat in moderately dry condition which was very effective for sporangium production by this fungus, and prevents it from being contaminated by another microorganisms. The Petri dish placed in a 28℃ incubator illuminated with fluoresent lamp. The illumination was about 50 ft-c at the surface of the Petri dish. Numerous zoosporangia were formed on the surface of mycerial mat after 24 hours. They were easily collected by a small spatula, or suspended in water by stirring with a short brush.

We measured the Rf values of the Glucose, Fructose, Maltose, Lactose and Sucrose by paper-chromatography. The quantity of the Sugars on the filter paper has been determined by means of A photo-electric-Calorimetry, the accuracy being about 95% of the theoretical value., 著者等は糖類の分離定量の基礎的実験を行った

I. Some fundamental conditions and procedures on filter-paper electrophoresis were investigated. The electrophoretic apparatus of Natsume Seisakusho and Toyo No. 51 filter-paper were used. Electrophoresis was carried out under the current of 0.25 mA/cm. in 300 Volt during 5 hours, using veronal buffer pH 8.6 (μ=0.05). In measuring of serum protein fractions, the adequate volume of the materials loaded is in the range of 0.005～0.01 ml. and in the case of lipoprotein, 0.02 ml. of serum is used. Paper-strip was stained with bromophenol blue or sudan black B, then making it transparent with heat-solved paraffin and photometered by Nataume's densitometer. The reproducibility of the above-mentioned method with a confidence of 99% was as follows: Serum protein fractions Albumin 53.4±1.8% α(1)-Globulin 3.3±0.3 α(2)-Globulin 6.0±0.5 β-Globulin 12.2±0.7 γ-Globulin 25.1±1.1 Serum lipoprotein fractions α 20.6±2.6% β+γ 79.4±2.6 II. Changes in serum protein fractions and lipoprotein fractions following the radioactive hot spring bathing were as follows: 1). In rabbits, the albumin-fraction of serum protein increased after a series of baths in radioactive hot spring, and the β- and γ-globulin-fractions decreased. 2). By cholesterol-feeding, the albumin-fraction of serum protein of rabbits decreased and the β- and γ-globulin-fractions increased significantly but when a series of baths was carried out in cholesterol-fed rabbits the decrease in the albumin-fraction was slighter than the former. 3). α-globulin-fraction of serum lipoprotein increased after single bathing in radioactive hot spring and (β+γ) -globulin-fractions showed an inverse change, but the changes of lipoprotein-fractions following a series of baths were not remarkable. 4). By cholesterol-feeding, the ratio of lipoprotein-fractions (β+γ/α) increased, but the ratio tended to decrease following a series of baths in radioactive hot spring.

This paper reports the study of the paper location in route surveying with special slide rules, measures, and sheets of nomograph which were studied by the author. Thus earth works can be calculated very easily with these slide rules and others, and the most economical route may be found by comparing several routes.

The partition chromatography designed by M a r tin and Synge, and the paper partition chromatography generalized by Consden, Gordon and Martin in 1949 have caused excellent results in various fields of science. Moreover since the first introduction of the detailed techniques by Hagioka in 1949, many investigations, using this method, have been made. With the cosideration that the correlation, if any, would be found out betwe e n the amount of free amino acids in the tuberculous focus and that in other tissue, many experiments were done for several years by using the paper partition chromatography and revealed the facts described in the following three parts. In this part of the report, the basic experiment to paper partition chromatography and the method adopted by this author are described, and then the free amino acids within the cavity tissue of thirty kidneys extirpated under the diagnosis of kidney tuberculosis are qualitatively distinguished by applying the two dimension method of paper partition chromatography. The following fifteen free amino acids could be easily recognized asparatic acid, glutamic acid, tyrosine, serine, valine, leucine, alanine, threonine, glycine, phenylalanine and arginine, S i x amino acids of cystine, proline, histidine, lysine, phenylalanine and arginine are easily fluctuated when the condition varies. In the ten extirpated tuberculous kidneys the free amino acids contained only in the caseous substance of its kidney were distinctly observed by the same way, and they were serine, glutamic acid, asparatic acid, alanine, glycine, tyrosine, valine, threonine, cystine, phenylanine, proline, leucine, histidine and methionine. The seven amino acids after threonine in the above described amino acids appear in less frequency and change in quantity and quality by the degree of proteolytic process

1. 石油炭化水素を固定液相とし石油炭化水素飽和メタノールを移動液相として展開し, ブロム・クレゾール・グリーン酒精溶液及び沃度アルコール溶液で呈色するペーパークロマトグラフィーは, 天然脂肪酸特に不飽和脂肪酸の分析に有効である。2. 油鰈油脂肪酸は少くとも15種以上の脂肪酸から成つて居り, その中ステアリン酸, パルミチン酸, ミリスチン酸, オレイン酸, 及び鯨油酸を確認した。3. 炭素数の異る多種類の脂肪酸が混在する場合には, 塩類法及び蒸溜法による脂肪酸の分別はかなり不完全となることを認めた。, To analyse the fatty acids of the oil of Reinhardtius matsuurae, paper chromatography has been applied, in which petroleum hydrocarbon (b. p., 140∿170°) was used as stationary liquid phase and methanol-petroleum hydrocarbon as mobile phase. This paper chromatographic technique was effective on the separation of the fatty acids, especially of the unsaturated fatty acids when a 5∿8% solution of iodine in alcohol was employed as the spray reagent. It has been found that the fatty acids of the oil of Reinhardtius matsuurae are composed of myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, cetoleic, and more than 10 kinds of other unsaturated fatty acids. The separability of fatty acids by the metallic salt and distillation methods is also discussed.

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1. A new method for the determination of cobalt in blood. The author proposed a new method for the determination of cobalt in blood by means of paper-chromatography. The procedure is follows. In a Kjeldahl colben, 5 m!. of blood is taken, and turned into wet ash with 3 ml. of HNO(3), 0.5 ml. of H(2)SO(4) and 1.5 ml. of HClO(4) and the ash aqueus solution is then neutralized with ammonium hydroxid, the neutralization being indicated by the development of color of 0.1% of p-nitrophenol (one drop) added to the solution. After addition of 2 ml. of 40% ammonium citrate, 0.5 ml. of 20% Na(2)S(2)O(3), 3～5 drops of H(2)O(2) and 1 ml. of o-nitrosoresorcine monomethyl ether (hereafter N.R.M.E.), the mixture is left for at least 15 minutes and the aqueus solution is taken in a stoppered test tube (inside diameter: 1.3 cm., hight: 16.5 cm.). The mixture is shaken with 2 ml. of carbon tetrachloride. Carbon tetrachloride is shaken with 5 ml. of 20% Na(2)CO(3) solution. Then the excess of N.R.M.E. is removed and carbon tetrachloride is concentrated on water bath to 0.3～0.5 ml. and all CCl(4) is used for a determination sample. The sample is placed on the paper (Toyo-filter paper No. 50 or 51A) in a thin line at a distance of 3 cm. from the edge, and the spot is developed with a mixture of 20 ml. of CCl(4) and 1 ml. of 90% ethylalcohoI. After development for 30～40 min., an orange-colored linear spot appears at a distance of 9～10 em. from the origin point. Spot intensity is measured at 460 mμ with Natsume's densitometer and quantitative estimation is made comparing with the standard graph. 2. Effects of radioactive thermal spring bathing and internal use of vitriol water upon cobalt levels in blood. As the author's method above-mentioned is able to determine the cobalt level in a small amount of blood, it is very convenient in investigating cobalt metabolism in the field of balneology. The author examined the changes of cobalt levels in blood after radioactive thermal bathing as well as after internal use of acid vitriol water. a. By the author's method cobalt in normal human blood was 0.4～3.6γ/100ml. in man (average: 1.6±0.4γ/100ml.) and 0.2～2.2γ/100ml. in woman (average: 0.7±0.3γ/100ml.). b. The cobalt levels in blood were measured by the author's method before and 5, 30, 60 minutes after the radioactive thermal single bathing, and before and 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after a series of radioactive thermal baths (Rn-content: 10～30 Mache, 42～3°C., for 10 minutes). The cobalt levels in the blood of healthy subjects showed no significant change after the thermal single bathing, but those of patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed a slight increase on 3rd or 7th day and a fall on 2nd week of a series of radioactive thermal baths and then tended to return to the initial levels during the 3rd and 4th weeks of spa treatment. c. Thirty ml. of Yanahara mineral water (an acid vitriol water, pH: 2.2) was diluted with plain water to 200 ml. (Co(++)content: ca.3γ) and administered to healthy fasting subjects orally. Blood samples were taken from the cubital vein before and 1, 3, 6 hours after the intake of the vitriol water. The cobalt levels in the blood showed an increase of 14% of the initial levels at 1 and 3 hours and a decrease of 22% at 6 hours after the drinking of Yanahara mineral water.

The physical chemistry of surface and interface at various temperatures has relatively advanced, and the mechanism of the process has been introduced in the field of the engineering as an information that will predict and control many present conditions, especially such as mineral flotation and the penetration between slag and metal or matte, which well illustrated by the surface phenomena. In the same manner the surface phenomena are probably important in the explanation of the extraction of sulfur from ores, but at present, they are incompletely understood. In the distillation method and the autoclave method concerning the most elementary surface properties-the system of liquid sulfur-gas (L-G), liquid sulfur-gangue-gas (L-S-G), liquid sulfur-superheated water (L_1-L_2), and liquid sulfur-superheated water-gangue (L_1-L_2-S), the existing data are limited to the surface tension of liquid sulfur. Furthermore, considerable discrepancy in values of the surface tension of the temperature of the viscous range of the liquid sulfur, which has been found by many workers, is presented. Great difficulty in measurement, as the temperature rises from 160 to 300℃, may be due to the extremely high viscosity of liquid sulfur which has been often described as the formation of poly-sulfur chains of varying length. Therfore, in the first place, it is necessary to fundamentally redetermine the values of the surface tension of liquid sulfur for the illustration of the above phenomena connected with the extraction of sulfur from ores, although the range of temperature applied to the autoclave method is below 160℃ and it is higher than the boiling point of sulfur in the distillation method. The experimental work in this paper represents a work in which interfacial tension of liquid sulfur with nitrogen, and the effects of the impurities such as selenium and arsenic which are often contained in the volcanic sulfur ores in this country were studied on the surface tension of liquid sulfur. Two methods of the maximum bubble pressure and the pendant drop are accepted on the measurement. However, in the first method the constant values were not given at any temperatures in the viscous range, because it is assumed to be the effect of the extremely high viscosity of poly-sulfur. But in the latter method, it successfully gave the values in this range from the determination of the equilibrium point, which indicates the stationary hanging state of the drop, by the cinematographic analysis of the slowly moving and falling drop of the liquid sulfur. This experimental technique and results are given in this paper. The results of the measurements show that the surface tension of pure liquid sulfur decreases linearly as the temperature rises, but the change of the temperature dependence of it exists at about 160℃. The following equations representing the change of the surface tension of the temperature are calculated from the experimental results : [numerical formula] where γ is the surface tension of pure sulfur with nitrogen atmosphere in Dynes・cm^ and t is the temperature in ℃. The effect of selenium and arsenic in pure sulfur caused the increasing of the surface tension of pure sulfur. These results are found in Figs. 12 to 14 of this paper.

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application/pdf, 紀要論文, 我々は,比較的精度がよくて簡単な罐詰魚肉(赤身魚肉)の鮮度判定法を見出した。この方法は,魚肉の水抽出液中のHistamineをPaper Chromatographyにより定量し,判定の目やすとするものである。この場合,Histamineの量はHistamine-Spotの面積から算出する。実際に,この方法をサンマ水煮罐詰魚肉の検査に適用し,従来の揮発性塩基やTrime-thylamineの定量による方法より優れていることを認めた。終りに,この研究において有益なご助言を頂いた当研究室の辻村みちよ教授,ならびに研究の進行に種々の面でご援助頂いた東大農芸化学藤巻正生講師に深甚の謝意を表する。, We found a comparatively accurate and simple method to test the freshness of canned fish meat (reddish flesh fishes). According to this method histamine contained in water extract of fish meat is determined by paper chromatography. The amount of histamine is calculated by the area of histamine spot.

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

The research described in this paper was carried out with a view to obtaining information about the effect of solution pH on the mechanism of precipitation, the rate of precipitation and the appearance of reduced copper. The rates of precipitation were determined over a wide range of ammonia and ammonium sulphate concentration. The results are described and discussed on the basis of equillibrium potential-pH diagram of Cu-SO_4^-NH_3-H_2O system in the present paper.

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

It was found that paper having large air permeability, shows generally large moisture permeability, but paper having small air permeability shows not always small moisture permeability. Ryphan, paraffin paper, asphalt paper, metal foil. etc. belong to good moisture proof film., 資料番号: SA3417645000

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

A new reduction method for determining the sanitary quality of raw milk, which in called the resazurin test paper method; was evaluated comparing with the conventioal resazurin test tube method. The experimental results of the standard plate count method and two types of the resazurin reduction test using sixty samples of raw milk showed a high correlation between standard plate counts and grade number of resazurin test paper. The regression formula was obtained to estimate the standard plate counts from the grade number of resazurin paper. It may be concluded that the resazurin test paper method is very convenient and as good as the conventional test tube method.

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

1) I have succeeded in the extraction of bone marrow polysaccharides out of red bone marrow of a calf due to method in which first of all I make them issue out into the water after it have been heated into the distillated water, remove the protein content owing to CuSo(4) and NaoH; then, removing the salt by ion-exchange resin, cause it to precipitate due to alcohol and ether. 2) This substance is exhibited as white powder with non-crystal nature, which sustains a slight degree of wet-absorbing property, and able to dissolve easy in water, but is indisoluble toward ether, alcohol and aceton. Also, it invariably has proved to be (+) in Molisch reaction, but to be (-) in any these reactionse of Biurt, Sulfosalicyl acid, Xanthoprotein and Ninhydrin. Furthermore, by hydrolysis, it has reduced to Fehling solution and after analysis of element I cannot detect any nitrogen. 3) In case a proper amount of this aubstance (per Kg 1mg) be injected into ear veins of a normal rabbit, an increase of erythrocytes has been detected for a few hours after the injection. This function has proved rather tough toward alkali or heat, but is lost by being heated due to acid. 4) I could detect Galactose, Rhamnose, Glucuronic acid and Galacturonic acid for its constituent sugars, owing to paper chromatography.

Blank values accompanied with the measurements of diffusion in molten state were examined with respect to diffusion of Si and Mn in molten Fe-C alloys. Diffusion coefficients of Si and Mn reported in the previous papers were recomputed by using an appropriate correction method with the following results. i) Diffusion coefficients of Si in Fe-C (saturated)-Si(1.5%) alloys can be expressed as follows : logD(cm^2/sec)=-3.62-0.179×10^4/ T, or D(cm^2/sec)=2.40×10^e^/T. Activation energy Q≒8,200 cal/g・atom That is, diffusion coefficient D between 1,400-1,600℃ was 2.0-2.7×10^cm^2/sec. ii) Those of Mn in Fe-C (saturated)-Mn(2.5%) alloys can be expressed as follows : logD(cm^2/sec)=-3.71-0.127×10^4/T, or D(cm^2/sec)=1.93×10^e^/T, Activation energy Q≒5,800 cal/g・atom That is, diffusion coefficient D between 1,300-1,600℃ was 3.0-4.1×10^ cm^2/sec.

In this paper a method for producing niobium from columbite was proposed by the authors. The columbite used contained 51.20 Nb_2O_5,16.53 Ta_2O_5,6.06 TiO_2,2.50 WO_3,2.62 SnO_2,1.08 SiO_2,14.79 FeO, and 5.21 wt. % MnO. Before producing the metal niobium, it was necessary to extract pure niobium compound from ore. The first step of decomposing the ore to prepare a mixture of niobium and tantalum pentaoxide was attempted by means of the fusion with alkali fluxes. The second step of separating niobium from tantalum was proposed for the solvent extraction. Niobium pentaoxide obtained was converted to pure compound such as K_2NbF_7. The last step of producing of niobium was carried out by electrolysis of the fused salt mixture. The conditions to be preferred for the above step are given as follows : (1) Fusion with sodium hydroxide and sodium peroxide. It was preferred to use a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium peroxide as flux for columbite. The optimum fusion mixture was found to be 1 part of-100 mesh ground ore, 2 parts of NaOH, and 0.5 part of Na_2O_2. The alkali mixture was preliminarily heated in a nickel crucible to above the melting temperature and the ground ore was added in small portions so that a gentle reaction might proceed. After the addition of the ore the temperature was kept at 600℃ for 40 to 60 minutes. The solidified melt was digested with hot water. The insoluble sodium niobate and tantalate were separated from most of soluble impurities, particularly, tungusten and tin. The niobate and tantalate were decomposed by hydrochloric acid which dissolved manganese and iron eventually. It was relatively difficult to remove titanium. The yield of the mixture of niobium and tantalum pentaoxide from columbite was about 90%.(2) Solvent extraction with MIBK-HF-H_2SO_4. The preparation of the pregnant solution was made by dissolving the mixture of both pentaoxides in 56% HF solution. The pregnant solution composed of 20.40 Nb_2O_5,5.48 Ta_2O_5,1.20 TiO_2,0.42 SnO_2,0.45 FeO+MnO, and 22.89g HF per 100g of solution. This solution was adjusted to contain 100g of total pentaoxides with various acidities of HF and H_2SO_4. The equilibrated MIBK phase with 6.8N HF-7 N H_2SO_4 solution was capable of extracting 62.81g Nb_2O_5,and 22.28g Ta_2O_5 per liter. The stripping solution adjusted to 0～2 N HF and 0～2 N H_2SO_4 was used for recovering niobium and tantalum in the usual manner. The niobium pentaoxide extracted contained 8～9% Ta_2O_5,and tantalum pentaoxide 20～40% Nb_2O_5. Therefore it was necessary to repeat the extraction for preparing pure niobium compound.(3) Electrolysis of K_2NbF_7 with alkali halides. Pure niobium metal was prepared by the electrolysis of fused salts of K_2NbF_7 and NaCl, and the eutectic mixture of NaCl and KCl. Before the electrolysis, the liquidus curves of pseudo-binary system of K_2NbF_7 and KCl, and that of K_2NbF_7 and NaCl were determined. Thereafter the electrolysis was performed on the composition of 20% K_2NbF_7 in NaCl at 800℃, and in NaCl-KCl eutectic mixture at 750℃. In a run of NaCl mixture the dendritic cathode deposit was obtained for 450-600A/dm^2 of the cathode current densities. On the other hand a coarse deposit was obtained from the eutectic mixture of NaCl and KCl on the same condition as above. The general trend in the electrolysis showed that the current efficiency was about 20% for 20% K_2NbF_7 in NaCl at 800℃, and 10% for 20% K_2NbF_7 in NaCl-KCl eutectic mixture at 750℃.

A new method of permeability test of cell membrane by supravital staining has been introduced by Seno and Oguchi. Acording to their data the dye permeability to the cell membrane is enchanced in such media as the electric charge of the dye is reduced. But in their experiment the grade of the charge of dye has been observed by electropaperchromatography of dye in a high concentration, 1 percent. The author has found that the electrophoretic picture of dye on a paper is largely dependent upon its concentration, i. e. the size of particle which seems to increase with the reduction of the charge as is clearly seen by paperchromatography. But the test on a diluted dye solution, 0.01 percent, showed that the electrophoresis of dye goes on parallel to the charge of dye or the pH of media, where the paperchromatography gives almost constant picture by changing pH. Using Nile blue the author has observed the permeability of various cells (normal monocytes, white blood cells, bone marrow cells, Yoshida tumor cells, ascites hepatoma cells (AH-130) and L-cells at various pH's (2.2-8.6) and the following results have been obtained. In ascites hepatoma cell (AH-130) and Yoshida tumor cell the permeability to the dye is deeply influenced by the changing pH of media and the depressed permeability till around pH 4.5. The further increase of H ion concentration results in the increased damage of cell with the increased number of the deeply stained cells. L cell also showed the same tendency in the permeability to the dye. The effects of the change of pH on the permeability of the dye were marked on tumor cells and L-cells compared to those on the normal cells.

φ-σ analysis for the chloride, fluoride and bromide systems was carried out in the manner already described in the previous paper. The φ-σ relations of the each inorganic halogen compound systems show φ-σ circles and the central points of φ-σ circles are arranged on the several center circles, which are related to valency. The consideration based on the results of Δ-δ analysis for azeotropic systems of the orgrnic compounds was given for the centre circles of the inorganic halogen.

In the previous paper, the authors reported the solubility of TiO_2 in fused K_2TiF_6-alkalihalide systems. In order to study the behavior of fused salt during the electrolysis the authors employed the measurments of the decomposition voltage of these fused salts by neutral electrode method. In the current vs. voltage curve the authors obtained two break points. To explain the electrode reactions concerning these two points, the reversible decomposition voltage was calculated on the data of thermodynamics, and it was estimated from the reaction taking place at the electrode that the first point was the formation of titanium suboxide and that the second point depended upon the formation of titanium metal from TiO_2.

Various amounts of barium sulfate of constant specific activity were collected uniformly on filter papers and their radioactive intensities were measured by the Geiger-Muller counter of end-window type. Self-absorption curve now obtained was well expressed by the following equation and as the value of self-absorption coefficient (μ), 0.22 (cm^2/mg) was obtained : [numerical formula] where I is the intensity of sample whose thickness is d and I_∞ is the intensity of sample of infinite thickness.

Paper chromatograms of sodium halides such as chloride, bromide, and iodide dissolved in water or in aqueous caustic soda of various concentrations, were studied with butanol-picoline, butanol-propanol, or butanol-ammonia as a developing solvent, in order to identify such halides surely by their RF values on chromatograms, and further to apply the result for the identification of halogens contained in organic substances. The spots of halides after development were revealed by their brown coloration of silver sulfide through silver halides. Iodide was rather better identified by means of a characteristic starch method. It was found that butanol-picoline was a suitable solvent to separate spots of the three halides completely, and that these suffered little influence on R_F value or on shape from caustic soda contained in solutions, so far its concentration being within ca. 1.5 N. Sodium cyanide and sulfide. and potassium rhodanate were also chromatographed and found that they located quite separated from halides and gave no disturbance for identification of the latters. On chromatographing a few drops of the decomposition solution with sodium (the alkaline concentration being within the limit quoted above) of various organic substances, which, in addition to halogen, may sometimes contain either nitrogen or sulfur, or both together, halogens contained were identified quite satisfactorily based on the results obtained above. (Received November 17. 1951), 資料番号: SA2410105000