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International audience; In recent years, metasurfaces have become a rapidly growing domain of research in several fields of engineering and applied physics due to their ability to manipulate both phase and amplitude of electromagnetic fields. These artificial 2D-materials, usually composed of metallic elements printed on dielectric substrates, have the advantages of being low profile, lightweight as well as easy to fabricate and integrate with standard circuit technologies. In this context, this paper reviews the latest progress in metasurface antenna design, where metasurfaces are used to miniaturize the profile, increase the bandwidth, and control the radiation pattern in the near- and far-field regions.; Ces dernières années, la thématique des métasurfaces est devenue un sujet de recherche en pleine expansion dans plusieurs domaines de l’ingénierie et de la physique appliquée, en raison de leur capacité à manipuler à la fois la phase et l’amplitude des champs électromagnétiques. Ces matériaux artificiels bi-dimensionnels, généralement composés d’éléments métalliques imprimés sur des substrats diélectriques, ont l’avantage d’être de très faible épaisseur, légers et faciles à fabriquer et à intégrer avec les circuits imprimés. Cet article passe en revue les dernières avancées dans la conception d’antennes à métasurface, où les métasurfaces sont utilisées pour minimiser l’épaisseur, augmenter la bande passante et contrôler le diagramme de rayonnement en champ proche et en champ lointain.

This paper provides the first integral edition of eleven poems by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, the founder of Futurism. These eleven poems were all published from march 1898 to january 1900 in a now very rare journal: “Anthologie-Revue de France et d’Italie”. In these pages one can see Marinetti at work, ten years before the foundation of Futurism, both as a french poet and as a fin-de-siecle poet, both as a poet in verse and as a poet in prose. Since “Anthologie-Revue” was printed in Milan by a parisian editor, its redaction group was deeply concerned with franco-italian cultural relations. In this context, along the Milan-Paris axis, we can examine Marinetti’s earliest poetry and its evolution from sonnet to free verse. A decade before launching his avant-garde movement, young Marinetti faces the very last wave of the nineteenth-century Symbolism, showing a general predilection for french poetry. Moreover he had composed french verse since his adolescence. A main editorial principle is at the basis of the present work: the dedication preceding each poem and the place and date following it are always transcripted and possibly commented. New data about european literary contacts are thus documented. New information and details about circumstances of composition are often offered. Texts receiving a new light from either a contemporary historical event or a particular place and landscape.

Phenylketonuria is the most common inborn error of metabolism and causes irreversible mental retardation if left untreated. Its newborn screening was made possible by the technique of blood collection on filter paper developed by Robert Guthrie. Neonatal PKU screening began in France in the early 1970s. It was initially carried out by a bacteriological method, then by fluorometry, and finally, since 2020, by tandem mass spectrometry. More than 35 million newborns have been screened to date. This resulted in the diagnosis of more than 3,500 children with PKU or mild hyperphenylalaninemia. The management of these children has improved over time, in particular thanks to the techniques of biochemistry and molecular genetics which lead to an accurate diagnosis and the arrival of drug treatment by sapropterin. Thanks to this screening, which allows for early management, the prognosis of PKU has been transformed and, although neurological or behavioral problems may arise, these patients are living normally today., La phénylcétonurie (PCU) est la plus fréquente des erreurs innées du métabolisme et entraîne un retard mental irréversible en l’absence de traitement. Son dépistage néonatal a été rendu possible grâce à la technique de recueil de sang sur papier buvard mise au point par Robert Guthrie. Le dépistage néonatal de la PCU a débuté en France au début des années 1970. Il a été initialement réalisé par une technique bactériologique, puis fluorimétrique et, enfin, depuis 2020 par spectrométrie de masse en tandem. Plus de 35 millions de nouveau-nés ont été dépistés à ce jour, ce qui a permis de diagnostiquer plus de 3 500 enfants porteurs de PCU ou hyperphénylalaninémie modérée. La prise en charge de ces enfants a évolué avec le temps, en particulier grâce aux techniques de biochimie et de génétique moléculaire qui permettent un diagnostic précis et grâce à l’arrivée d’un traitement médicamenteux par saproptérine. Grâce à ce dépistage, qui permet une prise en charge précoce, le pronostic de la PCU a été transformé et, même s’il peut survenir des problèmes neurologiques ou comportementaux, ces patients ont une vie normale aujourd’hui.

Background Bayesian methods, with the predictive probability (PredP), allow multiple interim analyses with interim posterior probability (PostP) computation, without the need to correct for multiple looks at the data. The objective of this paper was to illustrate the use of PredP by simulating a sequential analysis of a clinical trial. Methods We used data from the Laryngobloc trial that planned to include 480 patients to demonstrate the equivalence of success between a laryngoscopy performed with the Laryngobloc® device and a control device. A crossover Bayesian design was used. The success rates of the two laryngoscopy devices were compared. Interim analyses, computed from random numbers of subjects, were simulated. Results The PostP of equivalence rapidly reached the predefined bound of 0.95. The PredP computed with an equivalence margin of 10% reached the efficacy bound between 352 and 409 of the 480 included patients. If a frequentist analysis had been made on the basis of 217 out of 480 subjects, the study would have been prematurely stopped for equivalence. The PredP indicated that this result was nonetheless unstable and that the equivalence was, thus far, not guaranteed. Conclusions Based on these interim analyses, we can conclude with a sufficiently high probability that the equivalence would have been met on the primary outcome before the predetermined end of this particular trial. If a Bayesian approach using PredP had been used, it would have allowed an early termination of the trial by reducing the calculated sample size by 15–20%.

This paper studies the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT), especially mobile phone rollout, on economic growth in a sample of African countries from 1988 to 2007. Further, we investigate whether financial inclusion is one of the channels through which mobile phone development influences economic growth. In estimating the impact of ICT on economic growth, we use a wide range of ICT indicators, including mobile and fixed telephone penetration rates and the cost of local calls. We address any endogeneity issues by using the System Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimator. Financial inclusion is captured by variables measuring access to financial services, such as the number of deposits or loans per head, compiled by Beck, Demirguc-Kunt, and Martinez Peria (2007) and the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP, 2009). The results confirm that ICT, including mobile phone development, contribute significantly to economic growth in African countries. Part of the positive effect of mobile phone penetration on growth comes from greater financial inclusion. At the same time, the development of mobile phones consolidates the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth, especially in countries where mobile financial services take hold.

En juillet 2002, l’annonce des résultats de l’étude WHI, remettait en question l’innocuité de l’hormonothérapie substitutive. L’objectif de cette recherche qualitative comparative, réalisée auprès de 28 cliniciens, est de comprendre leurs réactions aux « nouvelles » informations concernant les risques associés à l’hormonothérapie. Nous nous sommes également attachés à comprendre comment cette évolution des connaissances entourant l’hormonothérapie avait transformé le déroulement des consultations de ménopause et à voir dans quelle mesure elle a entraîné une renégociation de la confiance. La controverse entourant la publication de l’étude WHI fournit ainsi l’occasion de mieux cerner le rôle que joue le traitement hormonal au sein de la relation médecin-patient et constitue également une opportunité d’interroger la thèse de Giddens sur la portée réflexive du risque. In July 2002, the Women’s Health Initiative study raised important questions about hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). This paper, based upon a qualitative and comparative study involving 28 MDs, in France and Quebec, explores their reaction to this controversy. We have tried to understand how the publication of the WHI results has influenced the menopause consultation and whether it has resulted in a renegociation of trust within the medical encounter. This controversy is an opportunity to better understand the role prescription drugs play within the doctor-patient relationship and to question Giddens’ thesis on the reflexive nature of risk.

This paper describes the setting up of an emergency foot and mouth disease vaccine production Unit in Botswana. No major problems were experienced in producing effective vaccines against SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3 types of FMD virus. The vaccines which were produced were tested in cattle, and in general the bovine Potency values were high. In the field, the vaccines were successful in eliminating outbreaks of the disease in Botswana, and in some of the neighbouring countries. Mention is made of the establishment of a permanent Vaccine Institute capable of producing 21 million doses per year.Cet article décrit la création au Botswana d'une Unité de production de vaccin anti-aphteux à utiliser en cas d'urgence. Aucun problème majeur ne s'est présenté pour la production de vaccins efficaces contre les types SAT 1, SAT 2 et SAT 3 du virus aphteux. Les vaccins produits ont été contrôlés sur bovins; d'une manière générale, les valeurs de la Puissance bovine étaient élevées. Sur le terrain, la qualité des vaccins a fait ses preuves : des foyers de la maladie ont été éliminés au Botswana et dans certains pays limitrophes. Mention est faite de la construction d'un Institut vaccinal permanent d'une capacité de production de 21 millions de doses par an.

This paper presents examples of the role played by metaphor in the formation of ancient Greek emotional concepts. Previous studies of emotion in ancient Greek societies have focused chiefly on the terms that the ancient Greeks used to label their emotional experiences. Such an approach is fundamental, yet overlooks important elements of the language of emotion. The characteristic symptoms, physiological changes, expressions, and behaviours associated with the emotions typically become metonyms for the emotions themselves and are represented in cognitive metaphors that form part of a culture’s conceptual model of emotion. Thus the embodied nature of emotions is reflected in language, and in so far as the metaphors and metonyms of folk physiology are limited by the observed phenomena of real physiology and predicated on basic conceptual structures that are rooted in human beings’ embodied nature, no serious study of emotion language can afford to ignore these aspects. A comprehensive study of emotional metaphor in ancient Greek can thus be expected to present much that is, in broad terms, familiar to us from our own languages. The interesting questions, however, concern the interplay between what is universal and what is specific in both the formation and the application of such concepts. This paper explores some of these questions with particular reference to two Greek images: the symptom of shivering or shuddering; and the representation of grief and other emotions as enveloping garments. Cet article présente des exemples du rôle joué par la métaphore dans la formation des concepts grecs anciens de l’émotion. Les travaux antérieurs sur l’émotion dans la société grecque ancienne se sont intéressés principalement aux termes utilisés par les Grecs anciens pour désigner leurs expériences émotionnelles. Une telle approche est fondamentale, mais elle ignore d’importants éléments du langage de l’émotion. Les symptômes caractéristiques, les changements physiologiques, les expressions et les comportements associés aux émotions deviennent typiquement des métonymies pour les émotions elles-mêmes, et sont représentés dans des métaphores cognitives qui font partie du modèle conceptuel de l’émotion d’une culture. Ainsi, la nature incarnée des émotions se reflète dans le langage, et dans la mesure où les métaphores et les métonymies de l’étymologie populaire sont limitées par les phénomènes observables de la physiologie réelle et fondées sur des structures conceptuelles basiques ayant leurs racines dans la nature incarnée des êtres humains, aucune étude sérieuse du langage de l’émotion ne peut se permettre d’ignorer ces aspects. On est donc en droit de s’attendre à ce qu’une étude exhaustive de la métaphore émotionnelle en Grec ancien présente un grand nombre d’aspects qui, dans les grandes lignes, nous sont familiers dans nos propres langues. Cependant, les questions les plus intéressantes concernent à l’interaction entre ce qui est universel et ce qui est particulier, à la fois dans la formation et dans l’application de tels concepts. Cet article explore certaines de ces questions en se référant en particulier à deux images grecques : le symptôme du tremblement ou du frémissement ; et la représentation de la peine et d’autres émotions comme un vêtement enveloppant.

Public health research differs from clinical epidemiological research in that its focus is primarily on the population level social and structural determinants of individual health and the interventions that might ameliorate them, rather than having a primary focus on individual-level risks. It is typically concerned with the proximal and distal causes of health problems, and their location within complex systems, more than with single exposures. Thus, epidemiological terms and concepts may have very different implications when used in the context of population health. This paper considers some key differences in relation to terms like 'population', 'baseline', 'control group' 'outcome' and 'adverse effects'. Even the concept of an 'intervention' often needs careful handling. The paper concludes that there is a need for an expanded, and more realistic use of these terms in the population health intervention research context.

International audience; This paper aims to contribute to the literature on "institutional maintenance work". Focusing on the institutional disruption resulting from a regulatory project of market rationalisation, it enriches the description and analysis of the specific institutional maintenance work performed by powerful actors who engage in resistance against what they perceive as a threat to their discretion. Built on an in-depth qualitative study, our case concerns an attempt to change the form of over-the-counter markets as part of a recent financial reform. The paper contributes to the expanding literature on the maintenance of institutions by suggesting, in particular, that the creation of incommensurables should be added to the list of strategies available to powerful incumbents seeking to resist institutional change. Bridging the gap between the literatures on institutional maintenance and commensuration, it also demonstrates that specific institutional changes can usefully be understood as changes in commensuration systems. This innovatively suggests the existence of degrees of commensuration and calls for a finer-grained understanding of the institutional work required to maintain institutions in a context where the degree of commensuration experienced by a field or a market threatens to increase under coercive pressure.

This paper focuses on an unexplored dimension of Citizen Science: the educational potential of Volunteer Computing (VC). VC has been one of the most popular forms of Citizen Science, since its beginnings from 1997, when the first VC platforms, such as SETI@home, were created. Participation in VC is based on volunteers donating their idle computer resources to contribute to large scale scientific research. So far this has often been seen as a rather passive form of participation, compared to other online Citizen Science (or citizen cyberscience) projects, since volunteers are not involved in active data collection, data analysis or project definition. In this paper we present our research conducted in 2013-2014 with the BOINC Community “Alliance Francophone”, and demonstrate that part of the volunteers in Distributed Computing research projects are not passive at all. We show that the dynamism of BOINC hugely relies on community-led gamification and that participation may lead to important learning outcomes on most dimensions of our ILICS (Informal Learning in Citizen Science) model. This includes extending one’s scientific interests, ability to find and engage with people who share similar interests, and offering a range of potential learning outcomes, particularly within the fields of (a) computer and Internet literacy, (b) scientific knowledge and literacy, (c) communication: English and social skills. As demonstrated by our recent ILICS survey research (2015), these latest learning effects happen for all kinds of participants and are even stronger for people who have a lower education background, which is an interesting finding for lifelong education policies. Altogether, VC projects engage volunteers emotionally, far beyond a simple use of their computers’ time and power, and may have an educational value. For a minority of very active volunteers, they become real “Opportunity Spaces”, where they can get new friends, skills and experiences, which they could not have found easily elsewhere in their everyday environment.

International audience; We present the use of a new computationaly efficient 3D physics model for the simulation of cells in a virtual aquatic world. In this model, cells can freely assemble and disconnect along the simulation without any separation between the development and evaluation stages, as is the case in most evo-devo models which only consider one cell cluster. While allowing for the discovery of interesting behaviors through the addition of new degrees of freedom, this 3D center-based physics engine and its associated virtual world also come with their drawbacks when applied to evolutionnary experiments: larger search space and numerous local optima. In this paper, we have designed an experiment in which cells must learn to survive by keeping their genome alive as long as possible in a demanding world. No morphology or strategy is explicitly enforced; the only objective the cells have to optimize is the survival time of the organism they build. We show that a novelty metric, adapted to our evo-devo matter, dramatically improves the outcome of the evolutionary runs. This paper also details some of the developmental strategies the evolved multicellular organisms have found in order to survive.

Often studied in the context of political developments and the alleged shift from representative democracy to participatory democracy, participation is discussed here in terms of changes in our anthropological coordinates. The exigencies and expectations of participation are found in many areas that go beyond the political sphere, extending from the business world and its quality circles to the production of self-assembly kits calling for the buyer's assembly skills. This extension of the field of participation is based on a certain number of anthropological presuppositions which ascribe to actors the capacities and competencies they are supposed to have, unless they are invited to enhance them through empowerment strategies in the event that they are failing or insufficient. This paper argues that evaluating people and the configuration of many recent social mechanisms tend increasingly to adjust to this new anthropological paradigm. Such is the case for political participation, new social policies, empowerment training, educational objectives, and development and health policies. Returning more specifically to political participation, the paper shows how these new anthropological coordinates reconfigure by redrawing the division between ordinary and specialized expertise and, in this way, the balance between spaces in which participatory democracy can take place and those that remain confined to technocratic expertise., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The modular model of geared systems presented in this paper makes it possible to simultaneously account for the contact conditions in gears and rolling element bearings. Gears are modeled as two rigid cylinders connected by distributed mesh stiffnesses while ball and roller bearings contribute to the equations of motion as time-varying, non-linear external forces. Solutions are obtained by combining a Newmark time-step integration scheme, a Newton-Raphson method for ball bearing non-linearity and a normal contact algorithm that deals with the contact problem between the teeth. It is found that the static gear-bearing couplings are generally more important than the dynamic couplings with a significant influence of the gear on the bearing response. Finally, it is shown that, in certain conditions, bearings can generate non-linear parametric excitations of the same orders of magnitude as those associated with the meshing of helical gears.Copyright © 2003 by ASME

Because of deflections under load, contacts on tooth flanks can occur outside the theoretical plane of action between nonconjugated profiles especially when tooth modifications are not appropriate. The main objective of the present paper is to introduce an original model of the dynamic behavior of spur gears when submitted to these particular meshing conditions. The pinion and the gear of a pair are modeled as two rigid cylinders linked by stiffnesses and dampers whose amplitudes and orientations vary in order to simulate the evolutions of the meshing conditions. For the sake of simplicity, only three torsional degrees-of-freedom on the pinion, the gear and the motor are considered. The results show that the contacts between non-conjugated flanks lead to a particular dynamic behavior characterized by i) an actual contact ratio larger than the theoretical one, ii) the possibility of impacts at engagement whose amplitudes depend on transmitted loads and speeds.

Background Demographic changes require an adaptation of the geriatric care offer, which is readily oriented towards the community and including the development of out-of-hospital mobile geriatric team (MGT). Although psychiatric disorders of older persons require a comprehensive, integrative and multidisciplinary approach, geriatrics and old age psychiatry mobile units often work in parallel without concertation for the management of complex pathologies. The aim of this paper is to present the organisation and the results of a out-of-hospital MGT with a geriatrician and old age psychiatrists (OAP) in a same unit. Method Data were collected during the first-year (2018) of the out-of-hospital MGT of Tours University hospital. After initial geriatric assessment and when old age psychiatry (OAP) intervention was needed, referral mode and justification, patient's characteristics and recommendations made by the team were collected. Results During the study period, 151 patients were assessed, 53% (n=80) had out-of-medical follow-up or difficulties to access to healthcare; 40% (n=60) had behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), 30% (n=45) falls, 15% (n=23) social problems, 10% (n=15) alteration of overall health status and 5% (n=7) drug conciliation; 40% (n=60) benefited from an OAP evaluation; 100% (n=60) had out of medical follow-up, 83% (n=50) had severe BPSD, 17% (n=10) psychological symptom with psychiatric condition, 10% (n=6) misused psychotropic medications in charge of general comorbidities decompensation; 32% (n=19) had geriatric, OAP consultations and 33% (n=20) were in denial of care; 23% (n=14) with severe BPSD had a second OAP consultation. Discussion Relationship between geriatrician and OAP in the same MGT enables to deliver comprehensive care, including organic, psychiatric and cognitive comorbidities and collaborative assessment of iatrogenicity. A strengthened relationship with general practitioners is a possible option for these frail older patients, out-of-medical follow-up allowing their reintegration in the geriatric healthcare system.

This paper puts forward a new methodology to characterize and compare the examination practice of patent offices. The methodology codifies public information into a typology of chronological key ex...

Thomas Hardy's poems and novels are closely intertwined through a system of echoes, which suggests that rather than two entirely different modes of writing, they are deeply connected in the writer's mind and reflect a similar quest for meaning through disruption rather than euphonious perfection. This paper addresses a few instances of duplication, focusing mostly on the character of Tess of the d'Urbervilles, and on the sense of rupture which Hardy seeks to explore by throwing his reader off-balance. Catherine Clément's book on the philosophy of rapture is used to highlight Hardy's use of syncopation. In poems like Tess's Lament or Beyond the Last Lamp, Hardy probes into the traumatic shift from before to after, the haunting faultline which may be revisited over and over again but never eradicated, corresponding to the fragmented perception of Tess's confession to Angel, which instantly severs the lovers instead of uniting them. Stylistic mishaps such as omissions or punctuations become symptoms through which affect may seep into the text, be it a novel or a poem.

In free navigation applications, any viewpoint to a three-dimensional scene can be synthesized through Depth Image-Based Rendering (DIBR). In this paper we show that XSlit cameras achieve up to 3 dB PSNR gain over conventional pinhole camera arrays when synthesizing virtual views to the scene with DIBR for small camera displacements. XSlit cameras are a type of general linear cameras where the light rays pass through two non-intersecting slits instead of a single point (the optical center of conventional cameras), resulting in a different epipolar geometry and projection equations. Instead of synthesizing virtual views with DIBR from a set of conventional pinhole cameras, e.g. a stereo camera pair, a single XSlit camera exploits the distance between its slits and their relative rotation to obtain disparity, out of which DIBR virtual views can be synthesized. We first present a theoretical study to present the parameters of XSlit cameras, different from pinhole cameras, at the same time making sure that the XSlit camera is physically implementable. We then validate the study with DIBR achieved on synthetic content using perfect depth maps obtained from an in-house modified version of Blender's engine Cycles to simulate XSlit cameras. The virtual view synthesis uses an adapted version of the Reference View Synthesis software used in MPEG, the worldwide standardization committee for media compression. Our experiments show that for the same overall space covered by the studied camera architectures, XSlit cameras often obtain better DIBR view synthesis results, with up to 3 dB PSNR gain., SCOPUS: cp.p, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

International audience; This paper aims to go beyond the apparent aporia between the ornamental use of “flowers of rhetoric” intended to please and seduce a wide audience and the ideal of transparency and aridity of the scientific relationship of travel. It shows that in the gap between “form” and “substance”, despite travellers' protests, the return of the “literary” can be observed, which is not always incompatible with the narrative of the lived experience. The aim is therefore to nuance the traditional opposition between accounts of scholarly travel and literary works.; L’article se propose de dépasser l’apparente aporie entre l’usage ornemental des « fleurs de rhétorique » destinées à plaire à un large public et à le séduire et l’idéal de transparence et d’aridité de la relation savante du voyage. Il montre que l’on peut observer dans l’écart entre la « forme » et le « fond », malgré les protestations des voyageurs, le retour du « littéraire » qui n’est pas toujours incompatible avec le récit de l’expérience vécue. Il s’agit donc de nuancer l’opposition traditionnelle entre récits de voyages savants et œuvres littéraires.

Serum proteins and urinary proteins electrophoresis are useful biological tests. They are often prescribed for the screening of monoclonal gammopathys and also during follow-up for treatment response. This test can be accredited according to standard NF ISO 15189 since laboratories use analysers and adapted reagents, but there are numerous protocols for the method validation. This paper present the results of a survey proposed in 2019 to biologists by CNBH and SFBC. The aim of this survey is to give biologists a choice among several protocols that have been positively evaluated by COFRAC.

The placement of Virtual Network Function - Forwarding Graphs (VNF-FGs) is one of the basic operations in the networks of the future. Being NP-hard, several heuristics and metaheuristics have been proposed. However, these approaches are inefficient due to the need to recalculate the solution at each service placement. In this paper, we adapt one of the most advanced approaches in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), in order to improve exploration by generalizing the neural network calculating action values. We also propose an evolutionary algorithm to evolve these neural networks in order to discover better ones, which also avoids getting stuck in local minima. In order to avoid going through the almost innumerable number of infeasible solutions, we propose a heuristic, which combined with our DRL, makes it possible to guarantee the feasibility of the solutions and therefore to make the placement much more efficient. The simulation results we obtained confirm the quality of the solutions obtained as well as the superiority of the proposed solution over the existing one.

Recommendations for visits or environment restrictions, and sometimes for food are usually well described for inpatient within HSCT unit procedures where those measures are less precise and detailed for outpatient from the discharge to the immune reconstitution achievement. The present paper main objective is to define risk patient groups depending on time, immune-suppressive drugs as well as graft-versus-host disease and immune reconstitution. We define here 3 risk patient groups and propose measures about house cleaning, pets, schools, social activities, hygiene, foods, sexual life and siblings.

Currently, many organizations deploy business model innovation (BMI) to respond to changes in their environments. Most studies have focused on understanding BMI only at the organization level and have not explained how it can emerge from a bottom-up process and be diffused at the network level. Consequently, challenges related to the co-existence of BMs in a network company have not been explained, potentially leading to the failure of the new BMI. The aim of this paper is to fill this void through a single-case study of CH Robinson Europe, a transportation and logistics services company. We study a particular BMI that disrupts existing behaviours and resource flows as it was deployed at the organizational and network levels. This case study demonstrates the coordination and collaboration challenges stemming from the complex relationships between actors, due to their interdependence and the complementarity of business models at different levels. Therefore, our findings extend our understanding of the emergence and diffusion of a BMI in network organizations and of the role played by inter-organizational relationships in value capture from BMI.JEL Codes: O3

International audience; Joyce’s Ulysses has only been translated into French twice, and both translations were advertised as major events on the French literary scene—be it in 1929 when the publication of the first one was celebrated during the “Déjeuner Ulysse” organized by Sylvia Beach at the hotel Leopold in Versailles, or in 2004 when Gallimard published a much-awaited new translation for the centenary of Bloomsday. In the postface to the 2004 Ulysse, Jacques Aubert and his team argued that the aim of their work was to bring forth a version of the text that was “closer to Joyce and closer to us,” thereby defining their translation project as opposed to the first translation of Ulysses into French, published in 1929, carried out by Auguste Morel, Stuart Gilbert and Valery Larbaud, with the help of James Joyce himself, and often considered as canonical. Illustrating Antoine Berman’s thoughts on the specific temporality of translation, which is according to him that of caducity and incompleteness, Aubert’s statement highlights the need that was felt in the early 2000s in France for a new translation of Joyce’s novel, seventy-five years after the first one, which was by then considered to some extent ill-suited for a twenty-first-century readership, having acquired what Pascal Bataillard called a “bad unreadability.”Through an analysis of the stance of the 2004 team of translators towards Morel’s work, but also of their own translation project and choices, based on examples taken from both the published versions and earlier drafts of the translation, this paper aims at highlighting how paradoxically indebted the new translation is to the 1929 enterprise and text, and at studying the influence of various contextual parameters on a retranslation designed seventy-five years later to supposedly depart from what Jacques Aubert nonetheless called “a moment and a monument” within French literature.Giving a detailed account of the origin of the retranslation project and of the manner in which it was carried out by a team of writers and scholars, and then moving on to detailed analyses of the text itself, dealing with a range of problems from the translation of proper names and compounds to that of specifically Joycean stylistic and syntactic issues, this essay will present a few of the strategies used by Aubert’s team of translators to translate Ulysses for the twenty-first century, questioning to what extent they “undid” French as Bernard Hœpffner, one of the retranslators, phrased it.

International audience; Most infectious diseases in humans originate from animals. In this paper, we explore the role of animal farming and meat consumption in the emergence and amplification of infectious diseases. First, we discuss how meat production increases epidemic risks, either directly through increased contact with wild and farmed animals or indirectly through its impact on the environment (e.g., biodiversity loss, water use, climate change). Traditional food systems such as bushmeat and backyard farming increase the risks of disease transmission from wild animals, while intensive farming amplifies the impact of the disease due to the high density, genetic proximity, increased immunodeficiency, and live transport of farmed animals. Second, we describe the various direct and indirect costs of animal-based infectious diseases, and in particular, how these diseases can negatively impact the economy and the environment. Last, we discuss policies to reduce the social costs of infectious diseases. While existing regulatory frameworks such as the "One Health" approach focus on increasing farms' biosecurity and emergency preparedness, we emphasize the need to better align stakeholders' incentives and to reduce meat consumption. We discuss in particular the implementation of a "zoonotic" Pigouvian tax, and innovations such as insect-based food or cultured meat.

This paper aims to present the main information presented at the 9th Meeting about addictovigilance in 2016 by four healthcare professionals and addiction experts on the issue of new psychoactive substance use. A new psychoactive substance (NPS) is defined as a narcotic or psychotropic drug, in pure form or in preparation, that is not controlled by the United Nations drug conventions, but which may pose a public health threat comparable to that posed by substances listed in these conventions. The emergence of NPS consumption is a worldwide concern. Although NPS are less consumed than established drugs, there has been a sharp increase in their use over the last few years, notably of synthetic cathinones, synthetic cannabinoids and, more recently, synthetic opioids. The latter in particular are involved in deaths in Europe. However, “established” drugs (MDMA [methylenedioxymethamphetamine], amphetamines, LSD, methamphetamine) are far from being dethroned by the more recent substances: they are considered “a safe bet” already “tried and tested” by many consumers over the years. MDMA, in particular, also known as ecstasy, which has been used as a recreational drug since the 1990s, saw its consumption decrease until 2010, and then increase again, especially in higher amounts; inexpensive and easily accessible, it is increasingly associated with emergency admissions or deaths in France. The perpetual appearance of new substances on the drug market is obligating to improve knowledge on these products, particularly by focusing on their analytical identification, and also by monitoring their use and harms.; Cet article a pour objectif de synthétiser les principales informations présentées lors des 9es Ateliers de la pharmacodependance et de l’addictovigilance de 2016 par quatre professionnels de santé et spécialistes des addictions autour des nouveaux produits de synthèse (NPS). Un nouveau produit de synthèse est défini comme toute substance psychoactive consommée à des fins abusives, pure ou en préparation, non soumise à contrôle international et pouvant représenter une menace pour la santé publique. L’émergence de la consommation de NPS s’inscrit dans un contexte mondial, avec de nombreux pays concernés. Même si les NPS sont beaucoup moins consommés que les drogues classiques, on constate une forte augmentation de leur usage au cours des dernières années, qu’il s’agisse de cathinones de synthèse, de cannabinoïdes de synthèse ou plus récemment d’opiacés de synthèse. Ces derniers en particulier sont impliqués dans des décès en Europe. Cependant, les drogues « classiques » (MDMA [méthylènedioxyméthamphétamine], amphétamines, LSD, méthamphétamine) sont loin d’être détrônées par les substances plus récentes : elles sont considérées comme « une valeur sure » déjà « testées et approuvées » par de nombreux consommateurs depuis des années. La MDMA, notamment, également appelée ecstasy, banalisée comme drogue récréative dans les années 1990, a vu sa consommation fortement diminuer jusqu’en 2010, puis à nouveau augmenter, avec une diffusion de la consommation et des produits plus concentrés ; peu coûteuse et facilement accessible, elle est de plus en plus impliquée lors d’admissions aux urgences ou de décès en France. Face à l’apparition perpétuelle sur le marché des drogues de nouvelles substances, dont les effets sont mal connus, il est nécessaire d’améliorer les connaissances sur ces produits en s’attachant en particulier à leur identification analytique ainsi qu’au monitorage de leurs usages et des dommages qui peuvent être occasionnés.

Traditionnellement, les travaux de recherche sur les expressions figées mettaient l’accent sur le fait que ces séquences étaient figées par rapport aux constructions libres. Après une étude réalisée en 2010 au cours de laquelle nous avions pu démontrer qu’un nombre considérable de constructions verbales figées (CVF) de l’espagnol péninsulaire et commun (EspPC) permettait des changements dans certaines de leurs composantes sans que le sens varie et sans perdre la condition de figées, nous analysons dans ce travail les CVF de l’espagnol diatopique hispano-américain. Cette analyse nous permet d’observer que les formules de variation des CVF hispano-américaines (paradigmatiques, lexicales, morphologiques, grammaticales) suivent les mêmes patrons et structures syntaxiques de l’EspPC dans les cas des expressions diatopiques formées sur des CVF de l’EspPC ainsi que dans les cas des CVF diatopiques nouvelles. La grande quantité de CVF d’usage actuellement exclusivement hispano-américains qui ne pourra qu’augmenter dans un futur proche et lointain nous réaffirme dans la nécessité d’élaborer des bases de données les plus complètes possibles. Traditionally, research papers on fixed expressions emphasize the fact that those sequences are fixed compared to constructions with free components. After one study which was carried out in 2010 through which we were able to prove that a considerable number of verbal fixed expressions in common Peninsular Spanish allow changes in some of their components without causing a change in the meaning and maintaining their fixed state, in this paper we analyze verbal fixed expressions in the Latin American Spanish variety. This analysis allows us to observe the modes of variation in the Latin American Spanish verbal fixed expressions (paradigm, lexic, morphology, grammar) by following the same patterns and syntactic structures as in common Penninsular Spanish which we find in the case of diatopic expressions formed in the verbal fixed expressions of common Penninsular Spanish as well as in new diatopic verbal fixed expressions. The fact that there are so many verbal fixed expressions in the Latin American Spanish variety and also that this number will only increase in the near future reinforces the idea that we should create very complete data bases. The research presented in this paper has been partially carried out in the framework of research project (FFI2011-24310) Estudio lingüístico, diatópico y traductológico de las construccciones verbales fijas más usuales en español.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present how to model moral sensitivity and emotions in organizational setting by using the SocLab formal framework. SocLab is a platform for the modelling, simulation and analysis of cooperation relationships within social organizations – and more generally Systems of Organized Action. Design/methodology/approach – Simulation results, including an interesting tendency for a Free Rider model, will be given. Considering that actors’ decision-making processes are not just driven by instrumental interest, the SocLab learning simulation algorithm has been extended to represent moral sensitivity, making actors trying to prevent bad emotions and feel good ones. Findings – Some simulation results about actors’ collaboration and emotions in a Free Rider model were presented. A noteworthy tendency is that actors’ unconditional collaboration, which occurs when their moral sensitivity reaches its highest value, is not so good since it exempts other actors from collaboration (they take advantage from the unconditional collaboration), while values of moral sensitivity somewhat below the highest value (between 0.7 and 0.9) still induces collaboration from others. Originality/value – The research and results presented in this paper have not been presented in other papers or workshops. The presented quantitative definition of emotions (determining indexes of emotions) is different to previous approaches – for instance, to Ortony, Clore and Collins (OCC) qualitative descriptions and to logical descriptions. Similarly, simulation of morality in organizations is a new research field, which has received scarce attention up to now.

This paper explores the gap between the singing career of Edith Piaf, a national star of international fame in the 1950s, and the thinness of her career in movies. The hypothesis to explain this shift in popular cinema, where links between film and song are many, is that there is no more room in the French cinema of the time for a “chanteuse realiste,” unlike what can be observed in the 1930s. To test this hypothesis, the paper analyzes the imperfect matching of roles and performance of Piaf, between her star persona and her image as “chanteuse realiste” in seven films between 1946 and 1958, focusing on the movies where she is headlining—Etoile sans lumiere (Marcel Blistene, 1946)—and those where she is guest-star—Boum sur Paris (Maurice de Canonge 1953) or French Cancan (Jean Renoir, 1955).

Given the evolution of wireless technologies, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) have appeared as an emerging low-cost solution to ensure last-mile connectivity to the Internet network. However, providing real-time and streaming applications, such as VoIP (Voice over IP) and VoD (Video on Demand), with a satisfying QoS level is considered as an important challenge within these networks. In this paper, we propose a QoS based routing protocol, called Hybrid QoS Mesh Routing (HQMR), jointly with a clustering algorithm to improve the scalability of mesh networks. HQMR is composed of two routing sub- protocols: a reactive QoS based routing protocol for intra-mesh infrastructure communications and a proactive QoS based multi- tree routing protocol for communications with external networks. We analyze in this paper the simulation results of different scenarios conducted on the network simulator ns-3 to demonstrate the effectiveness of the reactive routing sub-protocol while forwarding real-time applications with a QoS guarantee.

International audience; Tanguy Viel's novels seem at first glance to be about just telling a story. Still, although to varying degrees, their narration always includes a reflexive dimension. For his novels are built from a complex cultural foundation, and this clever mix of influences and original variations is constantly both claimed and questioned. Here, we propose to study from this perspective two emblematic works of this device: Cinema and La Disparition de Jim Sullivan. Both are built on the principle of a story within a story, thus generating multiple mirror-like effects. This paper aims to study four fundamental aspects of this narrative arrangement: the dialogue with the literary and artistic space, the revisited functions of the narrator, the redefinition of the novelistic mimesis, and finally the projection mechanisms at work.; Les romans de Tanguy Viel semblent de prime abord être au service du romanesque pur. Cepen­dant, la narration inclut toujours une dimension réflexive, quoiqu’à des degrés divers. Car les œuvres de Viel s’élaborent à partir d’un substrat culturel complexe, et ce savant mélange d’influences et de variations libres est constamment et revendiqué et interrogé. Nous nous proposons d’étudier dans cette perspective deux œuvres emblématiques de ce dispositif : Cinéma et La Disparition de Jim Sullivan. Toutes deux se construisent sur le prin­cipe du récit dans le récit, engendrant ainsi de multiples effets de spécularité. Notre étude visera à étudier quatre aspects fondamentaux de cet agencement narratif : le dialogue avec l’espace littéraire et artistique, les fonctions revisitées du narrateur, la redéfinition de la mimèsis romanesque, et les mécanismes de projection à l’œuvre.

International audience; Neuropathic pain is defined as pain caused by a lesion or a disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system. Development of neuropathic pain is induced by many pathophysiological mechanisms affecting pain pathways. Neuropathic pain has diverse origins, making its management difficult, hence, many patients with neuropathic pain do not receive appropriate treatment. In 2015, a revision of the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group's (NeuPSIG) previous recommendations, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis, evaluated the efficacy of systemic and topical treatments of neuropathic pain. Treatments lines were established using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), which allows to rate the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations. First line treatments are gabapentin and pregabalin, noradrenalin and serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. Capsaicin and lidocaine patches are second line treatments, tramadol and strong opioids are third line treatments. This work also highlighted molecules with inconclusive recommendations or non-recommended pharmacological treatments based on a low quality of evidence, a lack of efficacy or a bad safety profile. The objective of this paper is to present the different treatments and to detail their mechanisms of action.

This paper investigates news website personalisation from a socio-economic perspective to help understand the role of journalists and marketers in online service provision. It focuses on a Belgian ...

This paper presents a collection of frameworks aiming at mapping land cover, land use and estimate population densities from very-high resolution images and relying on open-source software. Using height information and landscape metrics, slums location and extent can be accurately extracted from the rest of the city. Moreover, the processing chain developed can deal with large amount of data and produce useful pieces of geographical information citywide. All the results, methods and computer code are available in open-access for anyone and any purpose., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

In this paper, we develop a new method of identification of complex prepositions, in French. We include well-known semantic and morpho-syntactic tests, and introduce a few others – together, these tests make up a multi-variable grid which we believe can help identify complex prepositions. We run these tests on a list of 75 sequences, most of which are considered to be complex adpositions. We also include sequences which share the same patterns of word formation but do not have prepositional uses, in order to check the validity of our grid. Our results show that the semantic and morpho-syntactic clues used to identify complex adpositions, combined with corpus data exploration, are on the whole quite effective, but to varying degrees depending on the pattern of formation.

This paper examines the evolution of labor market gender gaps during the Great Recession in Europe. We focus on participation, employment, part-time, and unemployment gender gaps, and estimate fixed effects models that incorporate social, economic and institutional features of 14 European Union member states from 2003 to 2013. Our results indicate that gender gaps decreased during that time span, particularly during the recession years. Economic growth seems to foster gender inequalities, while more employment in the service sector or in the public sector tends to lower gender gaps. Labor market institutions, such as unionization and minimum wage policies, as well as employment protection for regular contracts, tend to narrow employment inequalities between female and male workers, whereas product market regulation increases gender gaps in participation and employment. Cet article étudie l’évolution des inégalités de genre sur le marché du travail pendant la Grande Récession en Europe. Nous nous concentrons sur les écarts de genre en matière de taux d’activité, d’emploi, de temps partiel et de chômage, et estimons des modèles à effets fixes qui tiennent compte des caractéristiques sociales, économiques et institutionnelles de 14 pays de l’Union Européenne, entre 2003 et 2013. Nos résultats indiquent que les inégalités de genre ont diminué au cours de cette période, en particulier pendant les années de récession. La croissance économique semble accentuer les inégalités entre femmes et hommes, tandis que la proportion d’emploi dans le secteur des services ou le secteur public les diminue. Les institutions du marché du travail, telles que la couverture syndicale, les politiques en matière de salaire minimum, ou encore la protection de l’emploi permanent, réduisent les inégalités d’emploi entre femmes et hommes, alors que la régulation sur le marché du produit augmente les écarts de genre en termes de participation et d’emploi. Este artículo estudia la evolución de las desigualdades de género en el mercado de trabajo durante la Gran Recesión en Europa. Vamos a concentrarnos en las diferencias de género en materia de tasas de actividad, de empleo, de tiempo parcial y de desempleo y estimamos modelos con impactos fijos; tomando en cuenta las características sociales, económicas e institucionales de 14 países de la Unión Europea, entre 2003 y 2013. Nuestros resultados indican que las desigualdades de género han disminuido durante este período, y en particular durante los años de recesión. El crecimiento económico parece acentuar las desigualdades entre varones y mujeres, mientras que la proporción de empleo en el sector de los servicios y en el sector público tiende a disminuirlas. Las instituciones del mercado de trabajo, tales como la protección de los sindicatos, las políticas en materia de salarios mínimos, o incluso la protección del empleo permanente, reducen la desigualdad del empleo entre mujeres y varones, mientras que la regulación sobre el mercado de productos aumenta las desigualdades de género en términos de participación en el empleo.

National audience; Research contributions to improve interactive systems reliability as, for now, mainly focused towards fault occurrence prevention by removing software bugs at development time. However, Interactive Systems complexity is so high that whatever efforts are deployed at development time, faults and failures occur at operation time. Root causes of such failures may be due to transient hardware faults or (when systems are used in high atmosphere) may be so called "natural faults" triggered by alpha particles in processors or neutrons from cosmic radiations. This paper proposes an exhaustive identification of faults to be handled in order to improve interactive systems reliability. As currently no research has been carried out in the field of interactive systems to detect and remove natural faults, this paper proposes a software architecture providing fault-tolerant mechanisms dedicated to interactive systems. More precisely, the paper how such architecture addresses the various component of interactive applications namely widgets, user application and window manager. These concepts are demonstrated through a case study from the domain of interactive cockpits of large civil aircrafts. \; La recherche pour améliorer la fiabilité des systèmes interactifs s’est, pour l’instant, principalement dirigée vers la prévention d’introduction de fautes par la suppression des bugs lors du développement. Cependant, la complexité des systèmes interactifs est telle que, quels que soient ces efforts, des défaillances apparaissent lors de leur utilisation. Les causes de telles défaillances peuvent être dues à des pannes matérielles intermittentes ou (quand ces systèmes sont utilisés en haute altitude (avions, véhicules spatiaux …) être déclenchées par des fautes naturelles dues aux particules alpha dans les processeurs ou aux neutrons issus des radiations cosmiques. Cet article propose l’identification exhaustive des problématiques se posant pour améliorer la fiabilité des systèmes interactifs en prenant en compte à la fois les erreurs faites dans les phases de développement et les fautes qui peuvent se produire lors de leur utilisation. Du fait qu’aucune recherche n’a été menée à ce jour pour détecter et éliminer les fautes naturelles, l’article propose aussi une architecture logicielle pour intégrer des mécanismes de tolérance aux fautes dans les systèmes interactifs. L’article présente en particulier comment cette architecture couvre les différents composants d’un système interactif incluant les widgets, le gestionnaire de fenêtres et l’application interactive. Ces concepts sont mis en œuvre sur une application interactive de cockpits d’avions civils.

In response to our social science and humanities colleagues’ paper, Rethinking Assumptions about Cancer Survivorship (Ristovski-Slijepcevic & Bell. [2014]. CONJ, 24(3), p. 166), we offer a nursing disciplinary perspective on some of the dominant messages purported to underpin cancer survivorship. We illuminate points of disjuncture within their paper, using nursing’s disciplinary lens to describe and explain the complexities inherent in the cancer survivorship experience and its implications for clinical practice. Opportunities for collaboration with our social science and humanities colleagues are outlined to foster synergistic knowledge development that will, ultimately, improve the care of those living with, through, and beyond cancer.

This paper presents a study on the usability of a new prototype system for managing personal information on the Internet (PIMI). The objectives are to assess its ease of use, and assess user modification as an evaluation technique. Thirty users participated in the experiment: the first part was a classical usability test (TUC) and a second part was a usability test with user modifications (TUM). A total of 51 usability problems were diagnosed. Among them, 32 with TUC, and 19 with TUM. Part of the latter (11) adds to those identified with TUC, and those previously diagnosed during a usability inspection (IU with Ergonomic Criteria). The active participation of users through customization scenarios seems to provide additional clues for evaluating usability and for design (new generic usability recommendations)., Cet article présente une étude sur l'utilisabilité d'un nouveau prototype de système de gestion des informations personnelles sur Internet (PIMI). Les objectifs sont d'évaluer sa facilité d'utilisation, et d'évaluer la modification utilisateur comme technique d'évaluation. Trente utilisateurs ont participé à l'expérience : une première partie consistait en un test utilisateur classique (TUC) et une seconde partie était un test d'utilisabilité avec modifications utilisateur (TUM). Un total de 51 problèmes d'utilisabilité a été diagnostiqué. Parmi eux, 32 ont été identifiés avec TUC, et 19 avec TUM. Une partie de ces derniers (11) s'ajoute à ceux identifiés avec TUC, et à ceux diagnostiqués précédemment lors d'une inspection de l'utilisabilité (IU avec Critères Ergonomiques). La participation active des utilisateurs au travers de scénarios de personnalisation semble fournir des indices supplémentaires pour l'évaluation de l'utilisabilité et pour la conception (nouvelles recommandations génériques d'utilisabilité). Mots clés : Utilisabilité ; méthodes d'évaluation ; modifications utilisateur ; e-gov. ; informations personnelles. Abstract: This paper presents a study on the usability of a new prototype system for managing personal information on the Internet (PIMI). The objectives are to assess its ease of use, and assess user modification as an evaluation technique. Thirty users participated in the experiment: the first part was a classical usability test (TUC) and a second part was a usability test with user modifications (TUM). A total of 51 usability problems were diagnosed. Among them, 32 with TUC, and 19 with TUM. Part of the latter (11) adds to those identified with TUC, and those previously diagnosed during a usability inspection (IU with Ergonomic Criteria). The active participation of users through customization scenarios seems to provide additional clues for evaluating usability and for design (new generic usability recommendations).

This article examines the "Non-Han cinema Project" launched in 2013 by the State Commission of Minzu Affairs. The aim of this article is to understand how filmmakers involved in the project are able to carve out a space for expressing an autonomous vision of Non-Han societies in contemporary China despite political and economic constraints. This paper first looks into the Non-Han Film Project in detail to assess the multiple challenges and various stakeholders involved in the Project that complicate the centralisation of Non-Han cinema. The paper then discusses female director Yang Rui's short film on the Wa of Yunnan, produced in cooperation with the Head of the Project. The analysis shows that the short film, though fulfilling some commercial and political purposes, implicitly challenges orthodox official representations of Non-Han culture and resists the attempts of the Chinese state to turn the Wa culture into Chinese national symbols., Frangville Vanessa. Négocier les identités ethniques dans « Le Projet sur le cinéma non-han » : le cas du micro-film de Yang Rui sur les Wa du Yunnan. In: Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie, vol. 23, 2014. Des mondes en devenir. Interethnicité et production de la différence en Chine du Sud-Ouest. pp. 201-235.

International audience; The importance of short-term financial decisions to a company’s value is considered in this paper by testing whether an extra euro invested in cash or in net working capital is valued at less than one euro. By running panel data regressions, the presented evidence proves that shareholders undervalue cash holdings and net working capital. The results of this paper alert management not to underestimate the importance of cash holdings and working capital management; moreover, the results encourage investors to follow a company’s actions in this area to maximise their returns on investment.

This paper attempts to go deeper into the topic of social competency of physicians who provide primary care to populations living in poverty in Montreal. Adaptability as well as the ability to tailor practices according to patient expectations, needs and capabilities were found to be important in the development of the concept of social competency. The case of paternalism is used to demonstrate how a historically and socially contested medical approach is readapted by players in certain contexts in order to better meet patient expectations. This paper presents data collected in a qualitative study comprising 25 semi-supervised interviews with physicians recognized by their peers as having developed exemplary practices in Montreal's impoverished neighbourhoods.

International audience; In this paper, we present a medical image integrity verification system to detect and approximate local malevolent image alterations (e.g. removal or addition of lesions) as well as identifying the nature of a global processing an image may have undergone (e.g. lossy compression, filtering ...). The proposed integrity analysis process is based on non significant region watermarking with signatures extracted from different pixel blocks of interest and which are compared with the recomputed ones at the verification stage. A set of three signatures is proposed. The two firsts devoted to detection and modification location are cryptographic hashes and checksums, while the last one is issued from the image moment theory. In this paper, we first show how geometric moments can be used to approximate any local modification by its nearest generalized 2D Gaussian. We then demonstrate how ratios between original and recomputed geometric moments can be used as image features in a classifier based strategy in order to determine the nature of a global image processing. Experimental results considering both local and global modifications in MRI and retina images illustrate the overall performances of our approach. With a pixel block signature of about 200 bit long, it is possible to detect, to roughly localize and to get an idea about the image tamper.

Whichever perspective you take on the “if a tree falls in the forest” question, it is certainly true that the easier a journal is to search and access, the more its content is likely to influence thinking, research and policy. With this in mind, I am happy to announce that the National Library of Medicine (NLM) recently decided to index Healthcare Policy/Politiques de Sante in its Medline database. While the journal has been indexed in the Library's PubMed Central – and CINAHL, CSA (Cambridge), Ulrich's, Embase, IndexCopernicus and Scopus, and is a partner of HINARI – for some time, this decision marks a step change in the ability to search for and access key information from the journal's articles. Citations from indexed articles, the Medical Subject Heading terms used by NLM staff to index the articles and the articles' abstracts will now be searchable in Medline. This will be true of past papers as well as future ones, as the NLM retrospectively adds previous issues of the journal to its database. Our ability to achieve this milestone is due, in large part, to the work of our strong team of volunteer editors and peer reviewers. Central to the process are the journal's editors (see page 6) who guide the path of papers through all stages of the review and publication process. I would particularly like to thank Dr. Pat Martens, who has recently concluded her role as the journal's Data Matters editor. Throughout her tenure, her insightful and helpful contributions have been much appreciated by authors, reviewers and colleagues on the editorial panel alike. Thanks are also due to our peer reviewers. We depend on their breadth of expertise, thoughtful comments and guidance, and generous contributions to improving research and policy debate to ensure the quality and relevance of the papers that we publish in the journal's pages. This year's issues had a broader range of reviewers than ever before, including experts from around the world (see page 100). I would like to take this opportunity to thank them all for their essential assistance. Would you consider becoming a reviewer to help advance scholarship and evidence-informed discussion in health policy? If so, please register for our database of potential reviewers at http://www.longwoods.com/reviewer-registration/healthcare-policy. This tool helps our editors to match papers that we send out for comment with the expertise and interests of reviewers.

Within the last two decades, text messaging by means of SMS has become a central tool of communication around the globe. The use of more than one language for composing a message is wide spread, but, to this day, is relatively underrepresented in research. This paper presents an analysis of the plurilingual nature of SMS communication in Switzerland with the limelight on the forms and functions of code-switching within a set of 345 messages, base language of which is French. Results show that SMS users regularly exhibit code-switching even if they are not members of a bilingual speech community. Code-switching most frequently consists of inserts, i.e. embeddings of single items or combinations of items within a message composed in another language, and this typically involves (only) a limited range of routinized expressions. While English is the most frequently used language for code-switching, German, Swiss German, Spanish and Italian are also recurrent, the latter two being particularly associated with terms of endearment. Code-switching regularly highlights the expression of actions that have a strong interpersonal (phatic) focus, such as greetings, good-byes or thanks. It elucidates the expressive character of the messages, and is also associated with the expression of affection. The specificity of the plurilingual SMS repertoire is discussed in the paper's conclusion.

In this paper, we analyze the criteria used to design a computer simulator for learning mathematics in the classroom. Although simulators are used in many professional fields to minimize risk and accelerate the process of gaining experience, few simulators are available for the purposes of teacher training. Therein we see an opportunity to introduce the use of a simulator into the confines of in-class training and, in so doing, facilitate interactions between theory and practice. To determine the design criteria for the simulator, we look at the benefits and risks of using technologies for training purposes as well as two theoretical frameworks that help us characterize technology-based teaching practices. We continue by showing how these criteria factored into the design of our in-class computer simulator. Finally, we discuss the possibilities for the development of other software programs.

The paper will focus on the identification of several key criteria in e-discourses via the constitution of e-images of the Anonymous arising from e-medias (Facebook, twitter, Snapchat, WeChat, etc.) with a specific focus on youngsters and their (ab)uses of these communication channels to facilitate digital predation, and so to lead to e-victimization. I will explain the specifics of e-victimization discourse taking into consideration its triadic dimension. I will then be able to conceptualize a dominant e-communication and the e-victimization theory around central ideas of dynamics of violence, gender discrimination and power abuse leading to a semio-sphere with a deep focus on anonymity, exposure, frequency, and insecurity as indicators of collective e-delinquency and proneness to e-victimization.

International audience; Roman Jakobson and Claude Lévi-Strauss met in New York in 1942 and soon started a collaboration and a written correspondence that went on as long as 1982. Both the National Library of France and the Institute Archives and Special Collections of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology keep the correponding letters, about 160 of which were published in 2018. This paper aims at publishing thirty-four new letters that are presented in their respective contexts. These unpublished exchanges bring new insights into Jakobson and Lévi-Strauss' works and collaboration.

In the fast fashion industry, high delivery frequencies and low lead times are key factors of market competitiveness. To this goal, many companies are evaluating the possibility of opening urban satellites close to retail stores. Urban satellites can assure a number of daily replenishments larger than one at the retail stores. However, opening urban satellites requires expensive capital expenditures and can increase transportation costs. In this paper, we investigate the impact of urban satellites on the service level, inventory and transportation costs of fast fashion supply chains. Discrete event simulation is used to assess the value that urban satellites can provide to fast fashion supply chains. The application to an Italian retailer case study reveals that the increased transportation and storage costs may be compensated by increased sales as a result of a wider product assortment at the retail stores. The case study simulation results are proposed as possible lessons for other fast fashion last mile distribution systems.