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Many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs) widely exist in industrial and scientific fields, where there are more than 3 objectives that are conflicting with each other (i.e., the improvement of the performance in one objective may lead to the deterioration of the performance of some other objectives). Because of the conflict between objectives, there is no unique optimal solution for MaOPs, but a group of compromise solutions need to be obtained to balance between objectives. As a class of population-based optimization algorithms inspired by biological evolution principles evolutionary algorithms have been proved to be effective in solving MaOPs, and have become one of the research hot spots in the field of multi-objective optimization. In the past 20 years, the research on many-objective evolutionary algorithms (MaOEAs) has made great progress, and a large number of advanced evolutionary methods and evaluation systems have been proposed and improved. In this paper, the research progress of evolutionary many-objective optimization (EMaO) is comprehensively reviewed. Specifically, it includes: (1) Describing the relevant theoretical background of EMaO; (2) Analyzing the problems and challenges faced by evolutionary algorithms in solving MaOPs; (3) Discussing the development of MaOEAs in detail; (4) Summarizing MaOPs and performance indicators in detail; (5) Introducing the visualization tools for high-dimensional objective space; (6) Summarizing the application of MaOEAs in some fields, and (7) Providing suggestions for future research in the domain.

In Japanese, the predicates of "question word +でも" usually need to be in the positive form. On the contrary, the predicates of "question word +も" are primarily in the negative form. However, after investigating the errors of Chinese Japanese learners in acquiring "interrogative words +でも", this paper finds that it is not necessary to use "interrogative words +でも" as long as the predicate is in the affirmative form; sometimes it is necessary to use "interrogative words +も". By comparing the differences between "question words +でも" and "question words +も", this paper mainly examines the errors and reasons related to "question words +でも". This paper's research results will help promote the further development of Japanese teaching. Japanese learners misuse, on the one hand, because they confuse the semantic difference between "question words +でも" and "question words +も" and do not grasp the meaning of the question words themselves; on the other hand, they do not consider the "question words +でも" and "interrogative word +も" serve as what components in the sentence.

At the beginning of the Tang dynasty, the astronomy category book Tiandi Ruixiang zhi (天地瑞祥志; Category book on an auspicious sign seen in the Heavens and on the Earth) edited by Sa Shouzhen (薩守眞) in 666 has many quotations from the Six Dynasties zhiguai (志怪; strange writings), some of which cannot be found in other books. In this paper, I explore the origins of Sa Shouzhen’s resources. While comparing Tiandi Ruixiang zhi with other books, I found that the largest portion of Tiandi Ruixiang zhi is based on the lost category book Xiuwendian Yulan (修文殿御覽; Imperial Speculum of the Hall of the Cultivation of Literature) on the Northern Qi dynasty, while the poetry section at the end of every category contains a few poetry quotes that are probably based on the book Yiwen Leiju (藝文類聚; Collection of Literature Arranged by Categories) edited by Ouyang Xun (歐陽詢) in 624. In addition, its zhiguai articles are mainly quoted from Xiuwendian Yulan or other lost category books, but three articles from the famous zhiguai Soushen ji (搜神記; In the Search for the Supernatural), which remain now only in the rearranged version, have been quoted by Sa Shouzhen in Tiandi Ruixiang zhi and clearly show Sa Shouzhen’s personal abridgment of the text. This suggests that Sa Shouzhen may have had access to the original version of Soushen ji and quoted from it.

Chinese teachers played an essential role in the Chinese learning of protestant missionaries who came to China. This paper discusses the importance of Chinese teachers in the Chinese study of missionaries according to the historical materials from the English periodical The Chinese Recorder. It is mainly reflected in three aspects: firstly, Chinese teachers played a great role in "curriculum learning"; secondly, they assisted missionaries in translating the Bible; thirdly, they help missionaries in compiling Chinese textbooks. This paper focuses on the views of Alvin Pierson Parker and O. F. Wisner to discuss the requirements of missionaries for Chinese teachers. These requirements include professionalism, good personal qualities of teachers, and regular replacement of teachers. Taking North China Union Language School and Nanking Language School as examples, this paper also discusses the training of Chinese teachers in Chinese language teaching institutions in China. This training emphasized the importance of "practice" for teachers.

Taking Léon Wieger’s Rudiments de parler chinois, dialect du 河間府, 1ᵉʳ volume as the core and referring other French sinologists’ works as supplement, this paper studies the French sinologists’ interpretation of the composition of substantives in Chinese in the second half of 19ᵗʰ century. At the same time, this paper compares the views of Westerns with the view of Chinese linguists in the early 20ᵗʰ century to suggest the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western scholars’ understanding of Chinese word formation. We argue that Western scholars generally use word classes as the categorical basis when exploring constructions, and pay more attention to the meaning, lexicality, and variation of the components. However, Chinese linguists, except for Ma Jianzhong, who still insists on the approach of French sinologists, do not place much emphasis on the influence of word category on word formation, but focus more on the interrelationship between components. The influence of the French sinologists of the 19ᵗʰ century is almost non-existent.

Regarding the study of the “给” sentence in modern Beijing dialect, scholars mostly start from the “causative sentence”, “passive sentence” and “disposition sentence”. The reason is that the given verbs can also express causation, passivity, and disposition. There are currently two main viewpoints on the source of the passive “给”. One is that the passive marker “给” comes directly from the verb “given”, and the other is that the verb “给” with the meaning of “given” evolves into a passive marker through “causing”. In this paper, by examining the “给” sentences in the Manchu-Chinese Combination Textbooks, it is found that its development process is faster than that of the “给” sentences in the mainland materials. The reason can be attributed to the regional differences in the corpus. The part of the Chinese translation in the Manchu-Chinese Combination Textbooks materials was influenced by the Manchu language, which accelerated the development of the “给” sentence. The influence of the Manchu language provides a basis. At the same time, we have also seen the differences between the five Manchu-Chinese Combination Textbooks.

After the Italian missionary Matteo Ripa (马国贤, 1682-1746) went back from China to his hometown Naples, he founded il Collegio dei Cinesi a Napoli to educate more missionaries who would go to China. Since father Ripa had been hiring Chinese teachers to teach Chinese before and after the founding of the school, more Chinese than Europeans had started writing Chinese textbooks. Former studies on Giuseppe Maria Kuo (郭栋臣, 1842-1923) and Francesco Saverio Wang (王佐才, 1842-1921)'s Chinese textbooks completed in this period were fragmented, in lack of comparisons among other textbooks. Based on some former studies, this paper analyzes Saggio di un corso di Cinese (华学进境) and the Latin Version of Classic Trimetric (三字经) compiled by a representative Chinese teacher Kuo, compared with some Chinese textbooks compiled by Europeans to find out the differences on their ways of thinking., 内田慶市教授古稀記念号

The history of compiling Chinese-Japanese dictionaries in Japan is very long. By viewing the development of Chinese-Japanese dictionaries in Japan, we can find out that although there are a large number of Chinese-Japanese dictionaries, there are few differences in the compilation concepts and methods. Especially at the end of Meiji period, although there were a large number of Chinese-Japanese dictionaries in circulation, the common problem of these dictionaries was that the retrieval methods and the vocabulary collected were relatively old, which gradually could not meet the needs of Chinese learners at that time. It was not until the publication of 《支那語辭彙》 in 1904 that the deadlock was truly broken and the Chinese-Japanese dictionary made a great step forward towards modernization. Ishiyama Fukuji was one of the most important figures in modern Japan, and his greatest contribution in his life was undoubtedly the compilation of《支那語辭彙》.《支那語辭彙》 is the first Chinese-Japanese dictionary based on Beijing Mandarin after the transformation of Japanese education system to Beijing Mandarin and also the first Chinese-Japanese dictionary based on the Chinese-English dictionary (《漢英合壁相連字彙》) compiled by Westerners. From the publication of 《支那語辭彙》 in 1904 to 《新支那大辭典》 in 1933, Ishiyama Fukuji spent 29 years to establish a complete dictionary system. This series of dictionaries also became the largest and clearest set of dictionaries in Japan in the early 20th century. This paper will discusses the compilation concept and method of 《支那語辭彙》, explores the innovation process of Japanese native Chinese-Japanese dictionaries, and makes further textual research on the role that G.C. Stent's 《漢英合壁相連字彙》 played in it., 内田慶市教授古稀記念号

XiaoXue concentrates on Zhuxi’s thoughts on children and beginner’s education, of which “Li” (禮) is the major method and “Jing” (敬) is the core purpose. In this paper, I would like to demonstrate the educational principle of “cultivating Jing through Li” in the contexts of the “Five Lun” (father and son, ruler and subject, husband and wife, elders and children, and friends) in XiaoXue-Minglun. Therefore, this paper can be regarded as an educational example of the principle of “unity of Li and Jing” in which “Li” is the path and “Jing” is the goal.

As the last monk who went to Japan from China in Yuan Dynasty, Donglingyongyu was not only played a positive role in promoting the Buddhist interactions between China and Japan, but also made a great contribution to the spread of calligraphy to Japan in Yuan Dynasty. First of all, this paper investigates the life of Donglingyongyu, and finds out the reason why he did not fear difficulties and dangers and went to Japan to promote Buddhism. Secondly, it analyzes existing works of Donglingyongyu one by one, and discusses the origin of his calligraphy and the related calligraphy-thoughts. Finally, this paper examines the important role of the Yuan Monks in the calligraphy communication between China and Japan by focusing on Donglingyongyu., 内田慶市教授古稀記念号

As a significant work on Ho-kien (河间) dialect of Chinese language, Léon Wieger's Rudiments de parler chinois shows us what Ho-kien dialect was likely appeared 100 years before. In the first volume of this series, the author explained the "the mechanism of the language" in 175 entries in total, and the entries 108 to 117 focused on explaining "prépositions". This thesis is going to use the "prépositions" part in Rudiments de parler chinois. 1er Volume to summarize Léon Wieger's points on prepositions, and by comparing with the other works, this paper is expected to get the following conclusion: the "prépositions" part in Rudiments de parler chinois. 1er Volume gave more details and richer corpus than its predecessors, but its origin is still French language, and its purpose is to find corresponding Chinese expressions. In fact, it nether reflected the nature of prepositions in Chinese, nor did it teach the readers how to use Chinese prepositions., 内田慶市教授古稀記念号

After the Treaty of Nanking was signed in 1842, China entered a period of fiveport trade. A great number of foreigners poured into China, not only missionaries and diplomats, but also average people, who came to China and brought their customs with them. During the end of the 19th century, many western restaurants appeared in Guangzhou and Shanghai. Due to the dietary needs of Westerners, and the fact that native cooks unable to speak English, many cookbooks were published and written in Chinese. The focus of this work is on two western cookbooks, Zao Yang Fan Shu and Xi Fa Shi Pu, which were published by The American Presbyterian Mission Press in the late Qing dynasty. Based on the previous research and using some of the latest literatures, the problems of the authors, versions, writing styles and methods of translating are discussed in this paper. By comparing the two cookbooks, we can understand their features., 内田慶市教授古稀記念号

After the Triple Intervention in 1895, Japan realized that it's necessary to cooperate with China in facing the menace of the western power. Partly because of the Japan's wish to alliance with China, and the China's need to reform, the boom of sending students to Japan started. Chinese students in Japan also became the subject to be reported in the newspapers. In this paper, we focus on one of the most popular Japanese newspaper, "Asahi Shinbun", viewing the reports on the Chinese students in Japan. With close review, we would like to discuss the meaning and the effect of studying in Japan in the modern Chinese history., 内田慶市教授古稀記念号

As a representative figure of Gozan literature, Kokan shiren also has a pivotal position in Japanese calligraphy history. To understand his thoughts on the theory of calligraphy, it is necessary to study on his poetry anthology, Saibokushu. However, the existing study of Saibokushu is incomplete. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis of Saibokushu, such as the relationship of Kokan shiren and Yishan Yining, Kokan shiren’s study of Huang Tingjian’s calligraphy, his aesthetic concept of ‘Jun’ calligraphy, and his respect for Han Yu from the perspective of calligraphy, to discuss Kokan shiren’s thoughts on the theory of calligraphy.

This paper introduces the Japanese research status of Chinese scholar Luo Zhenyu in the form of a summary, which is divided into the following six aspects: first, Calligraphy Theory No.32: Luo Zhenyu Special Collection; second, Luo Zhenyu's visit to Japan and exchanges with the Japanese, third, the correspondence between Luo Zhenyu and his friends; fourth, Luo Zhenyu's participation in painting and writing activities and his collections; fifth, Luo Zhenyu's creation of oracle bone and Dunhuang studies; and sixth, others. The paper aims to broaden the reader's research vision and help scholars obtain more academic information., 内田慶市教授古稀記念号

The Eastern Cultural Alliance founded in Osaka in 1931, is an important Asianist group in the Kansai region. ECA was founded by Shimizu Ginzo with businessmen and journalists from kansai. This paper is based on the journal of ECA, focusing on the issue of racial equality in the Asianism of the ECA. Mainly discusses the activities of The Indian independence movement Rash Behari Bose and his influence in the ECA, and the views and practices of the core members of the ECA on racial equality.Through this study, the relationship between Bose and the Alliance is clarified, and the research topic of the author about the ECA is improved., 内田慶市教授古稀記念号

Japanese calligraphers formed a modern calligrapher’s group in the Meiji era. Due to the impact of western culture, calligraphy as a unique oriental art form has rapidly declined in social attention. The calligraphers have a strong sense of crisis about this situation, so the trend of calligraphic revival gradually enveloped the entire Meiji calligraphy circle. Rikusyokai, Rikusho Kyokai and Japan Calligraphy Association tried to revive the calligraphic by holding exhibitions. This paper takes these three groups as examples to explore their role and influence on the revival of the calligraphic.

The Chinese Poetry Society developed with the development of Sinology in Japan. As early as in the Nihongi, there are records of Japanese aristocrats followed the example of the Chinese Lanting Gathering and gathered to write poems. Then, from the Yusha formed by the monks of Gozan in the Muromachi period, to the poetry society in the latter half of Edo period, then to the prosperity of the Chinese Poetry Society in the early Meiji Period, the development of poetry societies has continued throughout the history of Chinese poetry in Japan. Taking the Edo period as the dividing line, this paper gives a brief introduction to the development of the Chinese Poetry Society before the Edo period, during the Edo period and during the Meiji period. The Edo period was divided into the first half period and the second half period by the Kyoho period (1716-1736). Through combing, the historical development process of Chinese Poetry Society in Japan can be understood., 内田慶市教授古稀記念号

In recent years, the study of idioms has become a hot field. Most of the research results have chosen to examine idioms from the perspective of cultural and cognitive linguistics, and there are many pioneering achievements, which have opened a new perspective for later research. However, in previous studies, Chinese scholars have made a lot of achievements, whether they study Chinese idioms, or the comparison between Chinese and Japanese, while Japanese scholars' studies, especially the comparison between China and China, are relatively few. From the perspective of research scope, China scholars mainly pay attention to idioms containing animal words, while Japanese scholars mainly study idioms from the perspective of cognitive language, examining the influence of cognitive images on the meaning of idioms. This paper compares the cognitive models of Chinese and Japanese from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, and explains the cognitive similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese idioms from cognitive and cultural aspects. The full text is divided into three parts. The first part briefly introduces the basic concepts of Metaphor, Image Schema, Metonymy, reference point construction and Behavioral Frame. Among them, ""Metaphor"", ""Metonymy"" and ""Behavioral Frame"" are the main methods to analyze idioms in this paper. In addition, this part also briefly introduces the related literature of idioms with ""Hand"" in this paper. The second part, based on the first part, takes the idioms with ""Hand"" in Chinese and Japanese as the object, taking metaphor and metonymy as the main angles of analysis, and summarizes the cognitive patterns of idioms with ""Hand"" in two languages. Through analysis, we can see that the meaning expansion mode of idioms with ""hand"" can be divided into the following two steps, no matter in Chinese or Japanese: first, it is placed under the behavioral framework of ""Hand"", and ""Hand"", as a prop of behavior, can point to such elements as ""force"" and ""method"" in the framework through metonymy. These elements, through the second step of metaphor, expand their meaning to other fields. However, each language has its own unique characteristics, which can't be completely unified in one mode. Therefore, the third part mainly introduces the idiomatic expressions of ""hand"" in Chinese and Japanese, such as""手把手,手足"" in Chinese and ""手が空く"" in Japanese, which do not belong to the meaning expansion mode discussed in the second part. In addition, there is a case where, although the two languages have the same meaning, they choose of different body parts to present them, for example, Chinese ""金盆洗手"" and Japanese ""足を洗う"". The reason is also briefly analyzed and explained in the third part., 多文化社会研究, 9, pp.229-250; 2023

Through a comparison of Chinese and Japanese quantifiers for counting or weighing animals and the current status of research, this thesis attempts to summarize the basic status of Chinese and Japanese studies of animal quantifiers and the different characteristics of the two languages. The text is divided into three main parts. The first part is the introduction, which briefly introduces the relationship between Chinese and Japanese quantifiers, and analyzes the particularity of quantifiers. Due to the generality and richness of Chinese and Japanese quantifiers, a large number of quantifiers have overlapping objects and scopes of counting. In addition, we believe that the complexity and specificity of the use of quantifiers necessitates a systematic study of quantifiers. The second part of this paper consists of three subsections: Section 2, “Research on Chinese animal quantifiers”, Section 3, “Research on Japanese animal quantifiers” and Section 4, “Comparative research on Chinese and Japanese animal quantifiers”, which is the central part of this paper. This section focuses on a systematic examination of Chinese and Japanese quantifiers studies up to now, and sorting out the basic research status of Chinese and Japanese animal quantifiers and their remarkable characteristics. Through comparison, we find that the two languages share similarities in the use of quantifiers, but also have their own distinctive features. For example, both Chinese and Japanese simplify complex things, and use known and familiar things to recognize and represent unknown things. However, Chinese animal quantifiers tend to extract the physical features of animals to count or them, which is more abstract, while Japanese animal quantifiers, on the contrary, tend to use the specific part of body nouns to count animals, which is more figurative. In addition, the study of Chinese and Japanese quantifiers has evolved from the study of external grammatical expressions and pragmatic features to the analysis of grammatical and pragmatic aspects of specific noun-quantifier collocations, and developed to the present research process to explore the links between the forms of language encoding and cognition. It's fully reflects the cognitive process of Chinese and Japanese quantifiers research from surface to interior, from superficial to deep, and from concrete to abstract. The third part is the conclusion, which systematically summarizes the study of Chinese-Japanese quantifiers in a systematic way. We believe that there is a quite extensive study of quantifiers in both Chinese and Japanese. Whether from the perspective of grammar, pragmatics, or cognitive comparison, there have been very fine observations and analyses. Indeed, many convincing research results have been achieved. With the deepening of the comprehensive comparative study of quantifiers of the two languages, we believe that more promising results will emerge in the field of Chinese and Japanese quantifier research., 多文化社会研究, 9, pp.251-259; 2023

This paper is a supplement to the one I wrote last year *), concerning about how to teach colloquial Chinese by video. The most important advantage of using video in teaching is that the communication between students and teachers is based on reality, the contents are clear and identical. Therefore, we may enhance the student´s academic interest. On specification, we have to pay attention to the following points: Watching: Pay attention to the paragraphs of the whole story and the analysis of each period of the story; Listening: A) Understand the lines and the plot in order to possess a background knowledge for ‘speaking’; B) Learn the lively colloquial expressions from the lines; Thinking: Prepare some comprehension questions for the students to answer so as to let them acquire a better understanding of the plot. It is necessary to give them some ‘hints’ so that they will be able to observe the pictures more carfully; Speaking: Pay attention to the whole piece; Writing: Can only become a supplement to the classroom teaching but also improves the student´s colloquial Chinese; Testing: A) Watch the video; B) Record the student`s voice individually; C) Grade. It has been proved through practice that it is an admirable way for us to teach colloquial Chinese by video. *) “Kan, ting, xiang, shuo, xie – tan yong dianshi luxiang jinxing kouyu jiaoxue de ji ge huanjie”, Di yi jie guoji Hanyu jiaoxue taolunhui lunwenxuan (Beijing: Yuyan Xueyuan Chubanshe 1986), pp. 516-521., CHUN - Chinesisch-Unterricht, Bd. 4 (1987): CHUN - Chinesischunterricht

臺灣在 1987 年執行政治解嚴，之後進入新社會運動黃金十年。隨著 1988 年都市客家人發動「還我母語」大遊行，主張客語的媒體近用權，使得臺灣客家意識抬頭，並隨著本土認同激發出 1990 年代「新个客家人」運動的誕生。1990 年臺灣客家公共事務協會（HAPA）成立，主張與臺灣其他各族群齊心找回語言尊嚴的「新个客家人」，推動客家人對臺灣的認同，同時鼓勵客家人從隱形的弱勢狀況浮顯出來。本研究旨在指出「新个客家人」運動對於臺灣客家人的「現身」所產生的影響。研究方法以資料蒐集與分析，顯示過去三十年來因客家委員會對於「客家人」的定義採取血緣與認同並行的採定標準，因此臺灣客家人比例逐年增加。本研究例舉包括（1）血緣性的客家人重新認同自己的祖源文化、（2）藏身於非客家聚落中被現身出來、（3）策略性地選擇現身或不聲張的客家人、（4）刻意被強調與客家姻親關係的婚配移民等幾種類型，進行討論。結果顯示重拾客家認同者有可能為了更加確認自己的血緣性，產生了向華南甚至中原溯源的族譜考察，此與「新个客家人」強調臺灣本土認同間接產生矛盾；另外也有在尋根之後發現原來自己祖源並非客家。另外也發現由於「新个客家人」整體來說創造了較大比例的「客家人口數」，所以似乎也間接拉低了臺灣客語使用人口的比例。研究也發現，身分認同在逐漸去汙名的過程中，由於政府各類補助政策的催化，使得身分認同成為身分政治的策略，人們可以利用自己「部分的客家」，既呈現出身分流動的搖擺策略，卻又閃躲掉面對客家語言在「量的壯大」之下「質的稀釋」的責任。, In 1987, Taiwan exited the golden decade of the New Social Movement and entered the post-Martial-Law period. In 1988, urban Hakka people launched the “1228 Restore My Mother Tongue Campaign” on the streets ofTaipei, advocating for the use of public media. This raised Taiwan’s Hakka consciousness, and the local identity inspired the birth of the “New Hakka movement” in the 1990s. In 1990, the Taiwan Hakka Association for Public Affairs （HAPA） was established. It advocates working with other ethnic groups in Taiwan to regain a linguistic dignity—New Hakkaness—promoting Hakka’ recognition of Taiwan and encouraging Hakka people to overcome their invisible disadvantages. This paper aims to point out the impact of the “New Hakka movement” on the “appearance” of Taiwan new Hakkaness. Data which were collected and analyzed by the official shows that in the past 30 years, the Hakka Affairs Council has adopted a parallel standard of blood and identity to define “Hakka,” so the proportion of Hakka people in Taiwan has been slightly increasing each year. These increasing data includes 1）those related by Hakka blood re-identifying their ancestral culture, 2） those had assimilated into non-Hakka settlements and reappeared or being exposed, 3） those strategically choose to show up their hidden Hakka characters in public, 4） marriage immigrants who are deliberately emphasized their marriage relationship with Hakka, and other types. Some cases show that those who have regained their Hakka identity may have conducted a genealogical survey that traces their origins to southern China and even the Yellow River Basin in order to better confirm their own patrilineal lineage group, even if that is just a far-fetched, weak link. This indirectly contradicts the ideas of the “New Hakkaness,” which emphasizes Taiwanese identity. In addition, some such individuals whose clan settled in traditional Hakka village for a long time but discovered, after searching for their roots, that their ancestors are “not” Hakka. This paper found that the “New Hakkaness” makes up an increasing proportion of the Hakka population, which might impact the decline in the proportion of Taiwanese Hakka speakers. We also found that in the process of gradual de-stigmatization of identity, due to the catalysis of various government subsidy policies, identity has become a strategy in identity politics. People can use their own “some part of” factors of Hakka as a strategy but evade the responsibility of facing the qualitative dilution of the Hakka language under the quantitative growth., 台湾は 1987 年に戒厳令が解かれた後の 10 年間，「新社会運動」の時期に突入した。1988 年に都市で客家が「母語を返せ」デモ運動をおこない，客家語のメディア報道を要求するにつれ，台湾客家意識の覚醒が強調されるようになった。1990 年には台湾客家公共事務教会（HAPA）が成立し，台湾の他のエスニック集団とともに母語の尊厳を取り戻そうとする「新客家」が主張されるようになった。彼らは，台湾客家のアイデンティティを促進するとともに，客家に社会的弱者としての現状から抜け出していくよう鼓舞した。本論文は，「新客家」運動が台湾客家社会に与えた影響を論じるものである。ここ 30 年の間，政府機構である客家委員会は「客家」に「新」という文字を付与し，客家を広く定義するとともに，客家に対する肯定的なイメージを社会に広めてきた。それにより，台湾で客家人口の比率が増加する結果がもたらされた。その増加の背景には，祖先との血縁的関係を再確認したり，客家との婚姻関係を主張したり，戦略的に客家であることを公に発信したりするなど，複数のパターンがある。本論文は，そのような現代台湾のエスニック政策下における，エスニック・アイデンティティの弾力性を論じる。台湾では，人口統計上は客家人口が増加しているにもかかわらず，客家語の使用者が激減している。このことは，客家をめぐる新たな定義において客家語の重要性が低下した一方で，人々が客家であることを戦略的に使用しはじめたことと関連している。

曾經居住在越南東北部海寧省的艾人（儂族華人），其祖先来自现在中國广西境內的欽州廉州地区。在 20 世紀艾人經歷過多次遷移，他們在越南南部、中國東南部、歐洲、美洲、澳洲都留有足跡。艾人為了適應新的處境，必须不斷重構自己的身份。1989 年當越南南部華人會館恢復運行時，艾人（儂族華人）以欽廉客家的身份加入了位於越南胡志明市的客家組織崇正會館。現如今在越南南部「打大幡」儀式已經被當作是艾人的特有風俗，表現出欽廉客家與廣東客家的差異。這樣的儀式表演強化了艾人移民與故鄉之間持續不斷的連結，同時，艾人建立不久的客家認同感卻逐漸淡化了。通過對越南南部艾人的「打大幡」儀式的個案研究，本文著重探討越南艾人在客家認同的建構表現出來的不確定性。, The Ngai, who are also known as the ethnic Nung-Chinese, once inhabited the Hai Ninh province in Northeast Vietnam. They originated from the Qinzhou-Lianzhou area, which now belongs to Guangxi, China. Through the 20th century, the Ngai migrated and dispersed throughout Southern Vietnam, Southeast China, Europe, America, and Australia. They were forced to reconstruct their identity to adapt to new situation. Following the restoration of Chinese diaspora organizations in 1989, the Ngai （Nung-Chinese） participated in the Tsung Tsin General Association, as part of the Hakka organization from Qinzhou-Lianzhou. This Association is the Head Office of the Hakka Organization in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Currently, in southern Vietnam, the Da-fan （Big Streamer） Salvation Ritual is regarded as a special ethnic Ngai custom showing the distinction between the Ngai and Guangdong Hakka. The sustainable connection between the Ngai migrants and their homeland has been strengthened through these ritual performances, while the Ngai’s short-term identification as the Hakka has withered. Through a case study of the Da-fan Salvation Ritual organized by ethnic Ngai in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, this paper analyzes the uncertainty of the Ngai’s construction of their Hakka Identity., ヌンの華人として知られるンガイ人は，かつてベトナム北東部の海寧省に住んでいた。彼らは今でいう中国広西チワン族自治区の欽州－廉州地域をルーツとしている。ンガイ人は 20 世紀にベトナム南部，中国東南部，ヨーロッパ，アメリカ，オーストラリアへと移住し拡散していくなかで，自身のアイデンティティを再構築していった。1989 年に華人ディアスポラの組織が復興すると，ンガイ人（ヌンの華人）は，欽州－廉州地域出身の客家としてベトナム崇正総会（ホーチミン市にある客家団体の本部）に参与した。ベトナム南部では，「打大幡」（打斎）の儀礼がンガイ人という集団に特徴的な慣習であると社会的に認識されており，それが広西出身のンガイ人と広東出身客家を区別するエスニック・マーカーとなってきた。ただし，ンガイ人自身にとって，その儀礼のパフォーマンスは，移民と故郷にいるンガイ人たちの継続的なつながりを強めてきた一方で，客家としてのアイデンティティを表出する場とはなってこなかった。本論文は，ホーチミン市で催される「打大幡」儀礼の事例を通して，ンガイ人による客家アイデンティティ構築の不安定さを論じる。

Lawrence K Wang 王 抗 曝, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, 宋 慕 浩, Chandler CJ Bien卞 全 忠, Stephen Wu 胡 啟 焕, and Lim Eng Wah 林 永 华 (2023). Color Slides: Treating Unpredictable Potable Water Source With Green Technologies of Aluminum Chlorohydrate (ACH), Streaming Current Monitor SCM), And Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) . 用 绿 科 技 新 药 ACH, 新 儀 控 SCM, 及 気 浮 水 廠 DAF, 処 理 多 变 性 自 来 水 源. In: "Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, and Yuriy I. Pankivskyi (Editors). 2023 (3B), March 2023; 37 pages. Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. https://doi.org/10.17613/cjsk-9c31 ..... ABSTRACTS: Aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) is a green coagulant highly effective for water treatment especially when the influent water quality is unpredictable, and normally the raw water source is unusable. Stream current monitor (SCM) is a green automatic chemical dosage monitor and controller which is highly useful for treating a trouble water which constantly changes its quality. Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a green water treatment technology which achieves high effluent quality but cuts detention time (DT), O&M costs all by about 25%. This technical paper (1) introduces the use of 3 green technologies of ACH, SCM and DAF for treating unpredictable water, in turn, for saving raw water resources, O&M costs and improving water quality; and (2) recommends further research & developments of these combined green technologies around the world. Researchers are encouraged to study further and share each other's research findings. 同时用新药ACH,新儀控SCM 及気浮水廠 (DAF) 可以処理原先無用的多变性水源, 减少25%处理时间(DT), 节省造价及化学药品, 並且大大提高自来水的品质. 所以ACH, SCM 及 DAF 是绿色科技. 本文為作者回憶錄之一, 用以介绍此三种绿色科技的原理及同時應用三者的高效果. 此外也 歡迎共同研究,或商業發展.

The rapid development of science and technology has made the concept of the Internet of everything no longer just appear in people??s mind. With the rapid growth number of smart devices accessing to the wireless network, the amount of edge data has reached the ZB level, which puts tremendous pressure on the core network bandwidth; at the same time, the emergence of many emerging applications such as driverless, location recognition, augmented reality, virtual reality, etc. puts higher demands on network delay, jitter and data security. Traditional cloud computing can no longer meet the requirements, so edge computing (EC) came into being. Edge computing provides lightweight cloud computing and caching capabilities at the edge of networks. In this survey, an exhaustive review on the state-of-the-art research efforts on edge computing is made. First, the concepts of edge computing and cloud computing are summarized, the advantages of edge computing are compared and analyzed, the inevitability and trend of the development of edge computing are pointed out. Then a comprehensive overview of typical edge computing architectures and platforms is presented, and typical application cases in edge computing such as network performance optimization, video caching, shopping cart view refresh and Web video live broadcast are discussed. Finally, from the aspects of edge computing service management, application mobility management, computing resource management and data management, this paper looks forward to the open research challenges and future development trends of edge computing, hoping to bring inspiration to researchers engaged in edge computing.

Lawrence K Wang 王 抗 曝, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, 宋 慕 浩, Chandler CJ Bien卞 全 忠, Stephen Wu 胡 啟 焕, and Lim Eng Wah 林 永 华 (2023).Treating Unpredictable Potable Water Source With Green Technologies of Aluminum Chlorohydrate (ACH), Streaming Current Monitor SCM), And Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) . 用 绿 科 技 新 药 ACH, 新 儀 控 SCM, 及 気 浮 水 廠 DAF, 処 理 多 变 性 自 来 水 源. In: "Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", Lawrence K. Wang, Mu-Hao Sung Wang, and Yuriy I. Pankivskyi (Editors). 2023 (3B), March 2023; 38 pages. https://doi.org/10.17613/a6x9-qs09 , Lenox Institute Press, MA, USA. ........ ABSTRACT: Aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) is a green coagulant highly effective for water treatment especially when the influent water quality is unpredictable, and normally the raw water source is unusable. Stream current monitor (SCM) is a green automatic chemical dosage monitor and controller which is highly useful for treating a trouble water which constantly changes its quality. Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a green water treatment technology which achieves high effluent quality but cuts detention time (DT), O&M costs all by about 25%. This technical paper (1) introduces the use of 3 green technologies of ACH, SCM and DAF for treating unpredictable water, in turn, for saving raw water resources, O&M costs and improving water quality; and (2) recommends further research & developments of these combined green technologies around the world. Researchers are encouraged to study further and share each other's research findings. 同时用新药ACH,新儀控SCM 及気浮水廠 (DAF) 可以処理原先無用的多变性水源, 减少25%处理时间(DT), 节省造价及化学药品, 並且大大提高自来水的品质. 所以ACH, SCM 及 DAF 是绿色科技. 本文為作者回憶錄之一, 用以介绍此三种绿色科技的原理及同時應用三者的高效果. 此外也 歡迎共同研究,或商業發展.

This paper is about the Chinese poet Cai Qijiao (2018-2007) who has been a very influential intellectual and a poet in contemporary China.

In this paper the author describes the developing procedure of terminology in China, especially the standardization of terminology in China since 1949. The China National Committee for Natural Scientific Terms was set up in 1978. This Committee published the standardized terms of 30 scientific subjects including astronomy, physics, biochemistry, medicine etc. The National Technical Committee for Terminology Standardization was set up in 1985. Under this Committee there are three Sub-Committees: the Sub-Committee for Terminology Theory and Application, the Sub-Committee for Lexicography and the Sub-Committee for Computer-Aided Terminology Work. A series of national standards (GB) on terminology has been published. China´s terminologists developed some terminological theories: the “Potential Ambiguity Theory (PA-Theory)”, the “Economical Law in Term Formation (FEL Formula)”, the “Structure-Functionalism” etc. A new terminology school – the “China School” – is forming., CHUN - Chinesisch-Unterricht, Bd. 13 (1997): CHUN - Chinesischunterricht

The Mongolian version of the Big Dipper Sūtra was translated and printed in 1328 CE and is known as one of the earliest Mongolian translations of the Buddhist scriptures. However, the language of the direct origin of the Mongolian version is an open question. Against the Chinese and Tibetan hypotheses, Central Asian scholars have raised the Old Uighur version as a more likely candidate. Through minute textual comparisons and analysis of lexical and syntactic features across multilingual sources, this paper corroborates the Old Uighur hypothesis.

Giulio Aleni's (1528-1649) Zhifang waiji ("Record of Foreign Lands," 1623) is an important representative work of geography in the period of "Eastward spread of Western learning." It is considered the most influential Chinese translation of geography in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. When the ruling class and intellectuals of the Ming Dynasty encountered the Chinese character translations of foreign country names and place names in the book, those foreign country names and place names entered the Chinese lexicon and spread in various historical and geographical documents of later generations. The purpose of this paper is to organize the main translations of country names in Zhifang waiji, focusing on theoretical knowledge of cultural representation and language contact, from the translation methods of country names, foreign language etymology, analysis of special place names, and words used in translation. Starting from differences, use of Chinese characters, and categorization of final sounds, it discusses the characteristics of Chinese translations in Zhifang waiji and their contribution to the optimization of the Chinese lexicon in the future and the unification of foreign country names and place names.

Hidai Tenrai (比田井天来 ; 1872-1939) was the most representative disciple of the calligrapher Kusakabe Meikaku (日下部鳴鶴 ; 1838-1932). He not only actively participated in the calligraphy group Daidō shokai (大同書会) founded by Kusakabe Meikaku, but also independently founded the calligraphy group Shogakuin (書学院). This paper focuses on the contributions of Hidai Tenrai to calligraphy by examining his experience in the field of calligraphy. It also discusses relevant calligraphy groups to understand conceptual changes in the calligraphic groups at different times, and Hidai Tenraiʼs legacy and development of Kusakabe Meikaku's calligraphic concept.

This paper reviews Ryūkyū Mandarin textbooks. It has been more than 200 years since Motonao Narushima (成島司直 ; 1778-1862) described Ryūkyū Mandarin at the beginning of the preface of Ryūkyū Recorded Dialects (琉球録話) written in 1806. Japanese scholars have done extensive research on the corpus of Ryūkyū Mandarin. These scholars include Hiroshi Ishizaki (石崎博志 2001), Mitsuaki Endo (遠藤光暁 2011), and Takashi Takekoshi (竹越孝 2011), who have written detailed comments and summaries of prior research on the corpus of Ryūkyū Mandarin. Related research on the grammar of Ryūkyū Mandarin textbooks has been recognized by relevant Japanese scholars, and the results of the research have been remarkable. In contrast to Japanese academic circles, the research on Ryūkyū Mandarin in Chinese academic circles started very late. An exception is Changxi Fan (范常喜 2018), who conducted meticulous work on combing the existing research in the academic circles of China and Japan. In recent years, research on Ryūkyū Mandarin in Chinese academic circles is increasing ; dissertations, journal papers, and monographs are being published in rapid succession. While organizing the previous research above, the author found that some of the conclusions reached require further examination. Therefore, to clarify the research status of Ryūkyū Mandarin in China and Japan, as well as the specific differences in the respective results of the research, it is necessary to do a detailed review, which can provide reference and inspiration for future research on Ryūkyū Mandarin.

China's Huaxia civilization has a long tradition of children and beginners' education. In the first part of this paper, I will examine the history of Chinese educational institutions. This education can be divided into various categories according to different classification methods such as the nature of educational organizations, organizational scope, student status, educational level, and teaching content. The article attempts to briefly elucidate the historical background of the ancient academic system and put the concepts of the name of each educational institution in historical context to understand the origin and relationship of each name. Classification can be divided into official and private schools. Depending on the dynasty, the terminology for schools included local schools such as xue (學), xiang (庠), xu (序), and shu (塾) ; and state or dynastic schools such as guoxue (國學 government schools), zhouxue (州學 provincial schools), xianxue (縣學 county schools), xiangxue (鄉學 local schools), cunxue (村學 village schools), and yixue (義學 free private schools). Students attended schools in accordance with their social class. The aristocracy and academically outstanding students enrolled in national imperial academies (guozixue 國子學), while students of ability from among the lower official class and commoners could attend simenxue (四門學 literally, school of the four gates). There were also different levels of education, such as mengxue (蒙學 primary schools that taught reading, writing, and etiquette), xiaoxue (小學 primary schools for noble families) and taixue (大學 national university). The content taught was also different ; most focused on martial arts, medicine, law, calligraphy, painting, arithmetic, etc. Although most subjects can be clearly categorized, there were others that were conceptionally in-between or interdisciplinary. Thus, they required differentiation in a progressive, systematic, and orderly manner. The second aspect covered in this paper is children and beginners' textbooks from various Chinese dynasties. The textbooks are an important resource for understanding the educational situation of children and beginners. The Song Dynasty was a watershed era in children and beginners' education that marked a leap in the development of the textbooks in both quantity and variety. Using the Song dynasty as a dividing point, I will explain the obvious differences in the style of children and beginners' education and textbooks between the pre-Song and post-Song dynasties. At the same time, I will examine in part universities and specialized education to outline the overall educational context of each era. In this way, I hope to provide some accuracy to the terminology of children and beginners' education in imperial China.

This paper mainly presents how the author organizes the class "Chinese film", a course for advanced students at Freie Universitat Berlin. The aim of such classes is to give students an opportunity to understand current Chinese society better and to discuss current issues they are interested in in their target language, Chinese. Furthermore, by watching films and following their protagonists through the story, students are confronted with Chinese cultural values and Chinese people's value choices as well as dilemmas the Chinese protagonists find themselves in. This puts the students into an intercultural learning situation which is enhanced by the fact that their teacher is also Chinese, albeit somewhat competent in regard to their culture. Thus, Chinese made films may also be employed to strengthen intercultural understanding and intercultural skills, because while the protagonists cannot debate with their German audience of Sinology students, their Chinese bom teacher can., CHUN - Chinesisch-Unterricht, Bd. 24 (2009): CHUN - Chinesischunterricht

This paper analyzes the problems of Chinese beginner’s stage spoken teaching materials by applying the cohesion theory in discourse analysis. Based on successfully and unsuccessfully compiled language materials discovered from recently published Chinese beginner’s stage spoken textbooks, it discusses the important functions of cohesion in improving the compiling quality of Chinese teaching materials. It also analyzes two kinds of cohesion methods which have distinguishing features in Chinese beginner’s stage spoken textbooks: cohesion components and discourse structures., CHUN - Chinesisch-Unterricht, Bd. 23 (2008): CHUN - Chinesischunterricht

本文以推进各级政府财务报告审计工作的全面性和高效性为宗旨,探索政府审计和注册会计师审计的相互协作模式。通过政府财务报告审计不同任务分析,探究实现政府审计工作的规范性和科学性的路径。以“理论基础——现实需求——合作模式”的研究思路,首先综合运用竞争优势理论、协同理论、交易成本理论等理论,剖析两者之间的内在逻辑和辩证关系;然后,立足于不同的审计视角,分析注册会计师(CPA)和政府机关审计两类审计主体在对政府财务报告审计的作用,提出注册会计师参与政府财务报告审计的两种可能的合作模式,即政府审计机关或政府部门购买政府财务报告审计的服务. With the purpose of promoting the comprehensiveness and efficiency of the audit on government financial report, this paper tries to explore the modes of mutual cooperation of government audit and certified public accountant audit in the implementation of government financial report audit, so as to achieve the standard and scientific nature of government audit. Under the concepts of "theoretical basis---practical demand----cooperation model", firstly, apply the theories , which include competitive advantage theory, coordination theory and transaction cost theory, to analyze the roles and function of government audits and CPA audits in government audit and certified public accountant audit, analyze the inherent logic of CPA's participation in government financial report audit, discuss the realistic needs of the two audit subjects to participate in government financial reports audit, and put forward two possible modes for CPA to participate in the audit of government financial reports, that is, providing CPA and audit services for government audit institutions and government departments in government financial report audit.

对每个留学生来说掌握汉语的语法规律都很难。乌兹别克斯坦学生的母语和汉语属于不同语言类型,学习汉语动宾语序时经常遇到一些困难。本文归纳了乌兹别克斯坦学生汉语动宾语序的偏误类型与产生成因。本次归纳前任研究文章发现,乌兹别克斯坦学生对汉语九种句式中的动宾语序偏误率较高,其中常见离合词、“被”字句、“把”字句等。这些句式不同水平的HSK4级、5级、6级学生掌握的情况都不同,主要偏误成因是母语负迁移、目的语知识负迁移、教材原因、教师讲解不够充分等。 It is difficult for every international student to master the grammatical laws of Chinese. The mother tongue and Chinese of Uzbek students belong to different language types, and they often encounter difficulties when learning Chinese verbs. This paper summarizes the types and causes of the Uzbek students' Chinese verb-verbal order. This summary of previous research articles found that Uzbek students have a higher rate of verb-verbal bias in the nine sentences of Chinese, including common clutch words, "being" sentences, and "put" sentences.HSK level 4, level 5 and level 6 students with different levels of sentences have different situations. The main causes of errors are negative transfer of mother tongue, negative transfer of target language knowledge, reasons for teaching materials, and inadequate teacher explanation.

在全球范围内,现代服务业成为驱动经济和社会发展的新引擎。现代服务业发展对人力资源具有高度相倚性,现代服务业人力资源与教育密切相关。本文从现代服务业人才服务知识培养、服务能力培养和服务意识培养三个维度梳理了现代服务业人才培养的主要情况,现代服务业人才的培养应该以需求为导向,未来需要将服务学纳入研究视角,通过更加多元化、综合化的研究方法对现代服务业人才培养问题开展深入探索。 On a global scale, the modern service industry has become a new engine driving economic and social development. The development of modern service industry is highly interdependent on human resources, and human resources in modern service industry are closely related to education. This paper sorts out the main situation of talent cultivation in modern service industry from three dimensions: service knowledge cultivation, service ability cultivation and service awareness cultivation of modern service industry talents. The cultivation of modern service industry talents should be demand-oriented, and service science needs to be included in the research in the future. From the perspective of perspective, through a more diversified and comprehensive research method, it conducts an in-depth exploration of the problem of talent training in the modern service industry.

翻译不仅是跨语言的活动,也是跨文化的活动。语言和文化是紧密相连的。没有语言,文化就不可能存在;语言也只有反映文化才有意义。翻译不仅是语言的翻译,也是文化的翻译。在翻译过程中,译者除了要通晓两国的语言之外,还必须具有深厚的文化功底,应注重文化背景知识的输入。只有这样,才能深刻理解两种文化的异同,才能做到不仅语言意义上等值,而且文化意义上亦等值,使翻译流畅地进行。笔者在文中从翻译与文化的关系入手,就文化背景对于翻译的影响做了简要论述。 Translation is not only a cross - language activity, but also a cross - cultural activity. Language and culture are closely linked. Without language, culture cannot exist; Language is meaningful only when it reflects culture.Translation is not only the translation of language, but also the translation of culture. In the process of translation, the translator should not only be familiar with the languages of the two countries, but also have a deep cultural background, and should pay attention to the input of cultural background knowledge.Only in this way can we have a deep understanding of the similarities and differences between the two cultures and achieve equivalence not only in the linguistic sense, but also in the cultural sense, so that translation can proceed smoothly.The author starts with the relationship between translation and culture, and briefly discusses the influence of cultural background on translation.This paper analyzes the traditional marriage customs and related proverbs in Uzbek, Russian and Chinese cultures. This paper analyzes the traditional marriage customs and related proverbs in Uzbek, Russian and Chinese cultures. The study found that there are similarities in the patterns of marriage relations among Chinese, Russian and Uzbek societies, and they have different views on marriage.Personal education, religious belief and age may affect people's values of marriage.

This paper summarized the nursing care of a patient undergoing resection of massive brainstem tumor combined with cesarean section at 38 weeks of gestation. Nursing interventions were carried out including close observation of vital signs, prevention of complications after brainstem tumor resection, prevention of cranial pressure caused by cerebral hernia, improving pulmonary ventilation by prone position, Traditional Chinese and western medicine combined with rehabilitation treatment, enhancement on the separation of maternal and child care after cesarean section and neonatal care, nutrition support and psychological nursing.

Some result complements can be converted into possible complements, and somecannot. At the same time, some possible complements do not have corresponding resultant complements. The results of this paper show that there are four factors that influence the relationship between the resulting complement and the possible complement:1. Whether the word that acts as a complement is grammaticalized or not.2. The sentiments of words acting as complements.3. The balance rule of the grammar system.4. Polysemy of words acting as complements.

The China Inland Mission (CIM) was established by James Hudson Taylor in 1865. Its goal was to take the Good News of Jesus Christ to every province of the Qing Empire. Starting from the province of Zhejiang in 1866, the CIM expanded its work to Tibetan-inhabited provinces including Gansu (1876), Sichuan (1877) and Qinghai (1885). The history of the CIM missions to Tibetan-inhabited provinces remained understudied. Based on archival materials of the China Inland Mission (CIM), a research paper ‘A description of CIM Missionary Workers to the Tibetan Highlands Prior to 1950’ was published in 20171. This paper identified socio-demographic and work-related characteristics of 69 missionaries who had sought to bring the Good News of Jesus Christ to Tibetans in Tibetan Highlands from 1880 to 1950. As little is known about the lives and works of the aforementioned missionaries, an initiative was made a few years ago to invite writers to pen a brief biography of the selected missionaries. The work, entitled “Jing Guang Gao Chu Kai Jianghe” [Make Rivers Flow on Barren Heights], encompasses a series of life stories documenting how the missionaries had started their mission work, what challenges they had encountered, and the impact they had made on the lives of Tibetans. 1 Zi Yu, “A Description of CIM Missionary Workers to the Tibetan Highlands Prior to 1950.” Mission Round Table 12:1 (January–April 2017), 42–46. N.B. Except where otherwise is noted, this work is available under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) © ཉི་མ་མེ་ཏོག་3 2022

As a kind of efficient and environment friendly solid catalyst，ZSM-5 zeolite shows extremely uniform pore structure，excellent shape selectivity，great catalytic activity and superb hydrothermal stability，which has already been used in plenty of fields like petroleum catalytic cracking，fine-chemicals processing and environmental protection. However，its simplex microporous structure severely reduces the diffusion of guest molecules，which results in a great limitation of aromatic alkylation reaction in which macromolecules participate. In this paper，through a method of etching ZSM-5 zeolite with NaOH/TPAOH（tetrapropylammonium hydroxide）mixed alkali，a hierarchical micro-/mesoporous ZSM-5 catalyst with high crystallinity and abundant specific surface area was prepared. This special hierarchical structure can not only maintain the great hydrothermal stability and plentiful active centers of microporous ZSM-5，but also promote the diffusion of reactants and products with the introduction of mesopores. As a result，the conversion of m-trimethylbenzene benzylation increased 3.8 times. In addition，a bifunc⁃ tional hierarchical micro-/mesoporous Fe2O3/ZSM-5 hollow catalyst was developed by loading Fe on the hierarchical microporous- mesoporous ZSM-5 hollow catalyst mentioned above，which exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the benzylation reaction of benzene，and the conversion，selectivity and percent yield reached 98.3%，81.6% and 80.2% while Fe loading was 6.67%（mass fraction），and the reaction temperature and the reaction time were 75 ℃ and 15 min，respectively.

The research on the behavior and influencing factors of bubble colliding with solid wall has always been one of the focuses of the scientific community. Its application in mineral flotation, gas film drag reduction and other industrial fields is also of great scientific research value. This paper focuses on the influence of curved wall on bubble impact behavior. A high-speed video camera was used to record the impact process of bubbles impacting hydrophilic and hydrophobic curved walls with different radius of curvature. The effects of wettability and radius of curvature of curved walls on bubbles impacting solid curved walls were analyzed. The results show that the bubble will bounce many times when it collides with the hydrophilic curved wall until it leaves the curved wall; The larger the radius of curvature, the less the number of bounces, and the closer the longest distance of the first bounce, the smaller the speed of hitting the wall again. In addition, a theoretical model is established to deduce the prediction formula of liquid film induction time, which is mainly related to the thickness of liquid film, the critical rupture thickness of liquid film and the compression speed of liquid film. The prediction error is less than 5.0%., 气泡碰撞固壁行为和影响因素的研究一直以来都是科学界关注的重点之一，其在矿物浮选、气膜减阻等工业领域中的应用也极具科研价值。论文聚焦曲壁对于气泡撞击行为特性的影响研究。采用高速摄像技术记录气泡碰撞不同曲率半径下亲疏水曲壁的撞击过程，分析了曲壁润湿性、曲率半径对气泡碰撞固体曲壁的影响规律。结果表明，气泡碰撞亲水曲壁时会发生多次弹跳直至离开曲壁；曲率半径越大，弹跳次数越少，且第一次反弹的最远距离越近，再次发生碰壁时的速度越小。而碰撞疏水曲壁时会出现碰撞-滑移-附着的现象，此外针对液膜挤压破裂的现象，建立理论模型推导出液膜诱导时间的预测公式，其主要与液膜厚度、液膜临界破裂厚度和液膜被压缩速度有关，预测误差小于5.0%。

The study of Chinese characters formed an important aspect of Chinese learning for Western nationals who came to China in modern times. Researchers currently attach great importance to textbooks of character learning and compile lists of Chinese characters. Lyon’s 500 Chinese characters commonly used in Official mandarin and Moncrieff’s 2000 Chinese Characters list are typical exemplars. This paper utilizes the technique of comparative analysis to discuss the value and characteristics of such compilations of Chinese characters by individuals who visited China in the modern age. In so doing, it creates data statistics both from the synchronic and diachronic perspectives. First, the lists are compared with a typical character textbook titled Two Years’ Course of Study in the Chinese Language. Second, the paper also compares lists of Chinese characters created in different periods, relating them to contemporary Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education. The results reveal that the modern missionaries in China acquired a relatively comprehensive and accurate grasp of Chinese characters and that their understanding gradually intensified over time. The lists of Chinese characters compiled by missionaries in modern China differed in conception from textbooks of Chinese characters. However, both served the same purpose. The compilations of Chinese characters by modern missionaries evinced distinct objectives and features of their times and primarily considered the frequency and word-formation ability of the characters. The textbooks of Chinese characters were more systematic in their exposition and emphasized the construction of characters and the combinations of their parts. A high coincidence rate is observed between the two types despite this distinction.

Particle and continuum methods are usually coupled to handle particle-structure contact problems and transitional material behavior between discontinuous and continuous.In this work, we reformulate the surface and volume coupling methods based on a micro-macro transition technique called coarse-graining(CG).For surface coupling, coarse graining allows distributing the coupling forces beyond the elements that the particles are locally coupled with, e.g., from contact points to the neighboring integration points.For volume coupling, coarse-graining enriches the homogenization operation with a non-local contribution from the particles.The generalized coupling terms contain one user-defined parameter, namely, the CG width, setting a length scale for the coarse-grained fields.The advantages of CG in surface and volume coupling are demonstrated via two numerical examples: an elastic cube falling on a granular bed and wave propagation between discrete and continuum media.In this paper, we focus on how the conservation properties of the coupled system are influenced by the CG width.Together with other numerical parameters relevant to the coupling, we show that the CG-enriched formulations lead to better numerical stability and less computational cost for a given energy dissipation ratio.

Taking the "Development of Advanced Measurement and Analysis Systems" as the research object, this paper made an in-depth analysis on its introduction background, management structure, field distribution, fund investment and implementation effect by case analysis method, bibliometric method and social network analysis method., 利用案例分析法、文献计量法、社交网络分析法等对日本先进测量分析技术与仪器开发计划的出台背景、管理架构、领域分布、经费投入和实施成效等进行了深入分析

[ABSTRACT] Haruyuki Sasaki (佐佐木春行), the second generation of the Kyoto antiquarian bookshop “Chikuhoro (竹苞樓)”, wrote the Sohon kantei zakki (宋本鑒定雜記), an important work in the study of private bibliography in the Edo period. There is one handwritten copy in each of Kyoto University Library and Iwase Bunko Library, this paper uses the two copies to compile and investigate this text. Most of the sohon (Song dynasty editions) recorded in this text came from the Five Great Zen Temples in Kyoto, and the collection process is clear, several editions still exist. Haruyuki examined in detail the taboos, format and the paper used in sohon, some of these methods were influenced by knowledge in Chinese literature, and some were inspired by Kariya Ekisai (狩谷棭齋) and other scholars in the same period, reveals the development process of bibliography as a discipline in Japan from the early modern period to the present day.

As one of the six economic corridors of the "Belt and Road", the China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor is a transnational economic corridor connecting China and the Indochina Peninsula countries (i.e. Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia). Under the background of "One Belt, One Road", the cultural exchanges between China and the countries of the Indo-China Peninsula have achieved remarkable results. This will not only help promote the common prosperity and development of countries along the Indo-China Peninsula, but also help build a China-ASEAN community with a shared future. Based on the analysis of the main achievements of cultural exchanges between the two sides under the background of the "Belt and Road", this paper discusses the main problems existing in the current cultural exchanges between China and the Indo-China Peninsula, and puts forward preliminary countermeasures. [作为“一带一路”六大经济走廊之一，中国—中南半岛经济走廊是连接中国与中南半岛国家（即泰国、新加坡、马来西亚、越南、缅甸、老挝和柬埔寨）的跨国经济走廊。在“一带一路”背景下，中国与中南半岛国家的文化交流取得了明显的成效。这不仅有助于促进中南半岛沿线国家的共同繁荣发展，也有利于构建中国-东盟命运共同体。在分析“一带一路”背景下双方文化交流主要成绩的基础上，本文探讨了当前中国与中南半岛文化交流存在的主要问题，并提出了初步的应对之策.]

In recent years, artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and has been gradually applied to the fields of clinical image data processing, auxiliary diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. Research has shown that it can simplify doctors’ clinical tasks, quickly provide analysis and processing results, and has high accuracy. In terms of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment, artificial intelligence can assist in the rapid fixation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional cephalometric measurements. In addition, it is also widely used in the efficient processing and analysis of three-dimensional dental molds data, and shows considerable advantages in determining deciding whether orthodontic treatment needs tooth extraction, thus assisting in judging the stage of growth and development, orthodontic prognosis and aesthetic evaluation. Although the application of artificial intelligence technology is limited by the quantity and quality of training data, combining it with orthodontic clinical diagnosis and treatment can provide faster and more effective analysis and diagnosis and support more accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions. This paper reviews the current application of artificial intelligence technology in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment in the hope that orthodontists can rationally treat and use artificial intelligence technology in the clinic, and make artificial intelligence better serve orthodontic clinical diagnosis and treatment, so as to promote the further development of intelligent orthodontic diagnosis and treatment processes.