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A cost effective and easy to fabricate stress sensor based on pseudo-Hall effect in Graphite on Paper (GOP) has been presented in this article. The four terminal devices were developed by pencil drawing with hand on to the paper substrate. The stress was applied to the paper containing four terminal devices with the input current applied at two terminals and the offset voltage observed at other two terminals called pseudo-Hall effect. The GOP stress sensor showed significant response to the applied stress which was smooth and linear. These results showed that the pseudo-Hall effect in GOP based four terminal devices can be used for cost effective, flexible and easy to make stress, strain or force sensors.

Empty fruit bunches of oil palm is a by-product of the palm oil industry that contains a high element of carbon. This by-product can be processed into a conductive carbon paper that could be applied as fuel cell electrodes. Carbon paper for this application must be conductive, porous, and hydrophobic. Utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunches begins with the carbonization process at a temperature of 500°C that produced charcoal. It is followed by heating at temperature of 900°C and 1300°C. To obtain the carbon paper, powdered charcoal with polymer binder (PEG and EVA) were mixed in solvent and molded using tape casting method. This process successfully produced carbon paper with dimensions of ±(20x20) cm2 and a thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm. Properties of carbon paper were characterized and analyzed in terms of electrical conductivity, porosity, hydrophobic property, and microstructure. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a hydrophobic agent, was treated on carbon paper to enhance the hydrophobicity of the carbon paper. PTFE coating on the surface of the carbon paper could change their physical properties. Carbon paper shows excellent properties in terms of porosity and hydrophobicity. Whereas, its electrical property needs to be improved further by increasing the pyrolysis temperature. But overall, this might show a potential GDL material for PEMFC.

Perron-Frobenius theorem describe five properties of irreducible nonnegative matrix. Leslie matrix is one of nonnegative matrix. Leslie matrix that used in this research is limited to the irreducible Leslie matrix. In previous research has been proven that irreducible Leslie matrix satisfies three properties in Perron-Frobenius theorem by spectral radius. This research completed the previous research, proving that irreducible Leslie matrix has a unique Perron vector and satisfies Collatz Wielandt formula. Leslie matrix is a primitive matrix. It is used to calculate the number of populations in the future. Growth of population is interpreted by value spectral radius of Leslie matrix.

This paper presents the use of Escherichia coli as an anode in a paper-based microfluidic urea fuel cell (P-based μUFC). For the construction of this P-based μUFC, a saline solution with E. coli bacteria was deposited on carbon cloth and used as an anode for urea oxidation, furthermore, a piece of Toray® carbon paper was impregnated with Pt/C and used as an cathode to reduce the oxygen present in the air. The P-based μUFC proved with a urea solution of 0.33 M, showed an open-circuit voltage of 0.83 V, a maximum current density of 3.253 mA cm-2 and a maximum power density of 0.608 mW cm2, these values were similar to report when human urine was used as fuel. The microfluidic fuel cell developed was evaluated for 20 consecutive days at room temperature in order to observe the lifetime of the bacteria with respect to the power generated. This work represents an advance in the possible use of physiological fluids such as urine to generate electrical energy in non-implantable medical devices.

The purpose of this study was to analyze students' thinking preferences in solving mathematics problems using paper pencil comparing to geogebra based on their learning styles. This research employed a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects of this research was six of eighth grade students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 2 Trenggalek, East Java Indonesia academic year 2015-2016 with their difference learning styles; two visual students, two auditory students, and two kinesthetic students.. During the interview, the students presented the Paper and Pencil-based Task (PBTs) and the Geogebra-based Task (GBTs). By investigating students' solution methods and the representation in solving the problems, the researcher compared their visual and non-visual thinking preferences in solving mathematics problems while they were using Geogebra and without Geogebra. Based on the result of research analysis, it was shown that the comparison between students' PBTs and GBTs solution either visual, auditory, or kinesthetic represented how Geogebra can influence their solution method. By using Geogebra, they prefer using visual method while presenting GBTs to using non-visual method.

Hybrid polymer latex based on combination of organic-inorganic materials, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) (PMMBA) and organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) were synthesized via miniemulsion polymerization technique. Modification of montmorillonite (MMT) through the incorporation of myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MTAB) into the clay's interlayer spaces were investigated by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Barrier property and thermal stability of polymer latex film sample were investigated through its Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The results indicated that addition of OMMT as filler in PMMBA increased the barrier property and thermal stability of the latex film. Addition of 8.0% (wt) OMMT increased the barrier property and thermal stability. Miniemusion polymerization process with higher addition (>8.0 wt%) of OMMT resulting in high latex viscosity, particle size, and high amount of coagulum. The utilization of this hybrid polymer could benefits paper and board industries to produce high quality barrier paper for food packaging.

With the continuous development of Internet technology, major universities and colleges are also intensifying the annual increase in the number of college graduates. Graduation thesis as an important part of college students training has a very important role in the training of college students. Therefore, how to guide graduates to complete graduation thesis and manage graduate thesis has become more prominent in the work of colleges and universities. The biggest feature of this project is how to guide students to complete the thesis more effectively. The graduation thesis involves topics such as title review, opening report, literature review, project design scheme, thesis writing, and communication in all aspects. How to effectively monitor every aspect of graduation design, and how to let the teacher play a real guiding role is also Project to solve the problem.

Magnetic moments of nuclei have attracted the attention of nuclear physicists since the early days. Magnetic moments of atoms played an important role in the development of quantum theory of the atom. They were easy to measure and their values posed puzzles which were solved only when the spin of the electron was discovered. Magnetic moments of nuclei were more difficult to measure but they also showed the promise of leading to deeper understanding of nuclear structure. Of particular interest were magnetic moments of odd-mass nuclei. They are the only ones to be discussed in this paper.

The use of starch as biodegradable base material for packaging application was of great interest as an environmentally friendly alternative to the present use of polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. However, starch tended to be brittle and had a lack of stability due to exposure to water. Several aproaches have been done to improve shellac properties including through chemical modification, mixing with polymers, clays, and plasticizers. The present study related to optimization of starch properties when mixing with polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated on the paper. The aim was to obtain the temperature and mixing time between starch and PEG so produced composites with optimal barrier properties. The composites of PEG/starch 10 % w/w were prepared using solvent casting and coated on paper surface, and dried in the oven for 12 hours at 40°C. Water Vapour Transmitter Rate (WVTR) (Payne cup method) showed that 70°C was the optimum temperature when mixing time was 30 minutes. Moreover, it showed that the optimum mixing time was 30 minutes when mixing temperature was 80 and 70 °C. Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) showed a strong interaction between PEG400 and starch.

The present study demonstrates an inkjet – printed interdigitated electrode array on paper substrate and its evaluation as humidity sensor. Inkjet droplet formation analysis has been performed in order to achieve repeatable results regarding generated droplets, based on the driving pulses applied on the inkjet piezoelectric element. Droplet formation has been monitored using stroboscopic effect. Three different paper substrates, namely high glossy inkjet photo paper, glossy inkjet photo and matte inkjet photo paper have been evaluated to investigate compatibility with the ink. Relative humidity measurements have been carried out in a controlled environment. Material degradation, long term response and memory effect are some of the aspects which were studied within the frame of the present work. The proposed sensor provides the opportunity for novel biomedical applications given the flexible substrate nature and the low – cost, single – step fabrication approach.

John Gore’s seminal 1984 paper on gel dosimetry spawned a vibrant research field ranging from fundamental science through to clinical applications. A preliminary bibliometric study was undertaken of the gel dosimetry family of publications inspired by, and resulting from, Gore’s original 1984 paper to determine active growth areas, research trends and hot topics from Gore’s paper up to and including 2016. Themes and trends of the gel dosimetry research field were bibliometrically explored by way of co-occurrence term maps using the titles and abstracts text corpora from the Web of Science database for all relevant papers from 1984 to 2016. Visualisation of similarities was used by way of the VOSviewer visualisation tool to generate cluster maps of gel dosimetry knowledge domains and the associated citation impact of topics within the domains. Heat maps were then generated to assist in the understanding of active growth areas, research trends, and emerging and hot topics in gel dosimetry.

Flexible substrates have many promising applications in sensing, electronics, and electromagnetic shielding and energy storage among many others. Paper can serve as substrate for these kinds of technologies offering a cheaper alternative. In this study, Zinc oxide (ZnO) was successfully deposited on graphite drawn on paper using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Graphite from commercially-available pencil was drawn on paper. Graphite drawn on paper was used as electrodes for the EPD process. High-voltage power supply was used as source while ground ZnO in acetone was used as suspension in the deposition process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) results reveal the deposition of ZnO on Graphite. In addition, the electrical contact of the ZnO-graphite interface showed Ohmic behaviour by two-point probe method.

This research was comparing virtual and paper-based test to measure students' critical thinking based on VAK (Visual-Auditory-Kynesthetic) learning style model. Quasi experiment method with one group post-test only design is applied in this research in order to analyze the data. There was 40 eight grade students at one of public junior high school in Bandung becoming the sample in this research. The quantitative data was obtained through 26 questions about living thing and environment sustainability which is constructed based on the eight elements of critical thinking and be provided in the form of virtual and paper-based test. Based on analysis of the result, it is shown that within visual, auditory, and kinesthetic were not significantly difference in virtual and paper-based test. Besides, all result was supported by quistionnaire about students' respond on virtual test which shows 3.47 in the scale of 4. Means that student showed positive respond in all aspet measured, which are interest, impression, and expectation.

One of some ways to summarize scientific papers is by employing rhetorical structure of sentences. Determining rhetorical sentence itself passes through the process of text categorization. In order to get good performance, some works in text categorization have been done by employing semantic similarity words. Therefore, this paper aims to present the rhetorical sentence categorization from scientific paper by using selected features, added previous label, and Word2Vec to capture semantic similarity words. Then, this paper shows the result of employing resampling for balancing the existing instances per class and combining resampling and Word2Vec representation itself. Every experiment is tested in two classifiers, namely IBk and J48 tree. It shows that the use of previous label, Word2Vec (Skip-Gram), and resampling improves performance. After doing all the experiments in the 10-fold cross-validation, the highest performance of F-measure is achieved 84.97% by combining Word2Vec (Skip-Gram), all features, and resampling.

The use of Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors (RICH) offers a powerful technique for identifying the particle species in particle physics. These detectors produce 2D images formed by rings of individual photons superimposed on a background of photon rings from other particles. The RICH particle identification (PID) is essential to the LHCb experiment at CERN. While the current PID algorithm has performed well during LHC data-taking periods between 2010 to 2018, its complexity poses a challenge for LHCb computing infrastructure upgrades towards multi-core architectures. The high particle multiplicity environment of future LHC runs strongly motivates shifting towards high-throughput computing for the online event reconstruction. In this contribution, we introduce a convolutional neural network (CNN) approach to particle identification in LHCb RICH. The CNN takes binary input images from the two RICH detectors to classify particle species. The input images are polar-transformed sub-sections of the RICH photon-detection planes. The model is hyperparameter-optimised and trained on classification accuracy with simulated collision data for the upcoming LHC operation starting in 2022. The PID performance of the CNN is comparable to the conventional algorithm, and its simplicity renders it suitable for fast online reconstruction through parallel processing. We show that under conditions of reduced combinatorial background, as expected from the introduction of timing resolution to the RICH detectors in future upgrades, the network achieves a particle identification performance close to 100 %, with simultaneous misclassification of the most prevalent particle species approaching 0 %.

In this paper a simple and innovative technique to combine n optical frequencies with the aim to produce a virtual laser with superior metrological characteristics is introduced. The algorithms to combine a number of clocks to produce a virtual clock, which is also referred as paper clock, are well known. An example of this is the statistical generation of the UTC time scale by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) using a recursive algorithm (ALGOS). A similar algorithm to combine n optical frequencies, all of them with same nominal value, to produce a "paper laser" whose frequency is known through its difference with respect to the optical frequencies of the ensemble is proposed here. As a demonstration of this, three optical frequencies stabilized to the D2 Cs-133 line, all of them with similar frequency stability were experimentally combined. A paper laser has been produced during hours whose frequency stability is about 3-1/2 times with respect to the original optical frequencies. This technique can be applied to combine ultra-stable optical frequencies to produce a paper laser that can be materialized by correcting one of the real optical frequencies of the ensemble. The robustness and stability of a paper laser is very attractive to produce a time scale from its operation.

We report results of studies relating to the fabrication of a paper based impedimetric biosensor using poly (3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) modified Whatman paper. The layer-by-layer assembly of PEDOT:PSS deposited on the paper substrate results in the formation of a stable, conductive and homogenous film. The film has been characterized using Fourier transfer Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This conducting paper platform has been used for the conjugation of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) protein for quantitative estimation of CEA, a cancer biomarker that is frequently used in detection and monitoring of cancer. The results of the electrochemical impedimetric response studies indicate that the fabricated paper electrode can be used to estimate CEA in the range from 6-20 ngmL-1, has sensitivity of 3.6 Ω mL ng-1 with a lower detection limit of 2.68 ng mL-1.

International audience; Mini-EUSO is a high sensitivity imaging telescope that observes the Earth from the ISS in the ultraviolet band (2904÷430 nm), through the UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module. The instrument, launched in 2019 as part of the ESA mission Beyond, has a field of view of 44°, a spatial resolution on the Earth surface of 6.3 km and a temporal resolution of 2.5 microseconds. The telescope detects UV emissions of cosmic, atmospheric and terrestrial origin on different time scales, from a few microseconds upwards. Mini-EUSO main detector optics is composed of two Fresnel lenses focusing light onto an array of 36 Hamamatsu multi-anode photomultiplier tubes, for a total of 2304 pixels. The telescope also contains: two ancillary cameras to complement measurements in the near infrared and visible ranges, an array of Silicon-PhotoMultipliers and UV sensors to manage night-day transitions. In this work we will describe the in-flight operations and performances of the various instruments in the first months after launch.

Pulp and paper products in the modern world are used in a variety of types and areas, due to which the issue of improving paper production technologies is relevant. The article presents the results of grinding fibrous semi-finished products using the knife method. A disc mill with an original knife set was used as the unit under study. For the most effective modes of grinding were selected to obtain raw materials with high quality indicators.

At the moment, the pulp and paper industry produces a wide variety of types of paper and board, which can serve as an alternative to plastic packaging products. The main requirement for paper packaging is high strength properties, which include: breaking length, resistance to breaking, bursting and tearing. The required strength properties can be ensured at the stage of refining the semi-finished product from which the paper product will be made by changing the consistency of the pulp. Since the influence of the consistency of the pulp during refining on the strength characteristics of the finished product has not been fully studied, it was of interest to find out how the strength properties of castings change when refining the pulp with a change in concentration.

High-fidelity simulations of actual wind farms with the Actuator Line Model, in a Large Eddy Simulation framework, have been performed in the past years, for both onshore and offshore sites. It has become the state of the art to simulate the wind flow through wind turbines and wind farms and it could be a powerful tool to assess the operation of actual wind farms and potential improvements. The objective of the present paper is two-fold: develop a high-fidelity numerical model of an onshore wind farm to be used to assess the influence of different environmental and aerodynamic conditions in its power performance and analyze, as case study, the effect of the topography in the wind flow and power production.

This paper compares the accuracy of four different FLORIS model implementations characterized by increasing levels of accounted physics. The predictions of each model were tested against experimental observations obtained from wind tunnel tests of a cluster of three scaled wind turbines. The experiments were conducted for a wide range of environmental conditions, and mainly with yawed turbines. The results showed a significant improvement in the accuracy of the base model by adding more details to the physical effects of the simulation, such as secondary steering and a heterogeneous flow field. It is also interesting to note that the FLORIS predictions become particularly accurate when considering inflow-dependent power losses in yaw-misaligned conditions.

Transformer failure caused by the corrosion of copper material in transformer attracts great attention of researchers and engineers. In this paper, Karamay No. 25 naphthenic mineral oil, Karamay No. 25 paraffinic mineral oil, Kraft paper and copper were used to compose four combinations of oil-paper insulation samples. The ageing by-products and dielectric properties of the four combinations of oil-paper insulation samples were compared after they were thermally aged at 130°C. The influence of copper on the by-products and dielectric properties of different oil-paper insulations was obtained. The results show that copper can accelerate the ageing rate of insulation oils and reduce their AC breakdown voltage. The content of copper substance dissolved in insulating oil increases with ageing time at firstand then decreases. The paper aged in the oil-paper insulation sample with copper has higher moisture content than the one without copper. Results of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that there is copper product deposited on the surface of insulation paper. The insulation oil and paper aged in the oil-paper insulation sample with copper have higher dielectric loss and conductivity than that without copper.

The bonfire (Cannabis sativa) was delignified with the reaction mixture “acetic acid - hydrogen peroxide - sulfuric acid catalyst - water” at a sulfuric acid concentration of 0.45%, a liquid module of 6, and a temperature of 85 °C. The effect of cooking conditions (hydrogen peroxide concentration and process duration) and mass grinding up to 34 … 36 °SR on the morphological properties of technical cellulose fibers - length, width, degree of inhomogeneity (polydispersity) - has been studied. Hemp fibers are inferior in length to those of spruce wood and wheat straw, but more uniform. The widths of hemp and wood fibers are almost the same. Due to its high strength characteristics, peroxide cellulose from bonfire is suitable for use in composition with other fibrous semi-finished products in the production of mass types of paper and cardboard products.

In this study a new yaw mechanism for a small existing wind turbine model is designed and tested. The special requirement for this yaw device is its compact design due to the small length scaling factor of the model turbine. Such a dense design is crucial in order for the wake of the model turbine not to be influenced by the yaw mechanism. Furthermore, it has to have a fast system response and high accuracy to take into account the time scaling. Different concepts are investigated and a design located at the tower base is realized. To limit its drag, the structure is being concealed in an aerodynamically shaped cover. Wind tunnel measurements confirmed that the wake of the turbine is not influenced by the structure. A system analysis, using a Simulink model of the turbine helps finding the right motor and shows that the device has a fast system response with high accuracy. Consequently, the designed yaw mechanism is suited for the small wind turbine model, which can be used for experimental wake and wind farm control studies in the future.

An approach for characterizing paper surface quality by ultrasound as an alternative non-contact method is presented. In this work, an air-coupled ultrasound at frequency range from 0.3 MHz to 4.2 MHz has been applied to surface roughness characterization, where a series of sandpapers and pure papers having random and relatively wide range of root-mean-square of roughness Rq from 2.0 to 92.8 are employed as specimens. The amplitude of reflected wave from each specimen is measured with pulse-echo configuration at normal incidence. A Kirchhoff-based scattering model is used to express the scattering phenomena from random rough surfaces and the relations between the normalized amplitude of the reflected wave and surface roughness parameters are then examined. It has been shown through the experiments that high frequency air-coupled ultrasound up to 4 MHz is useful to characterize surface roughness in the order of few microns of Rq. In addition, it has been suggested that an irregularity of paper surface geometry such as skewness could be characterized from the deviation of the normalized amplitude.

In this paper, Box-Behnken response face model was used to establish the decomposition rate model of fungi. Based on the single factor simulation test data in the literature, this paper uses the Design-Expert 8, aiming at the peripheral range value of single factor optimization results, the orthogonal rotation combination experiment of multiple factors was designed to obtain the response surface regression model of fungi decomposition rate and temperature, time, quantity, population proportion and other factors, and to solve the optimal parameter combination; on the other hand, according to the research data of the title, taking the humidity tolerance as the link, the relationship function of fungi decomposition rate and growth rate, humidity tolerance was established by using MATLAB. Combining the two models, the decomposition rate model under the interaction of multiple fungi was established. The main factors affecting the decomposition rate of fungi were found from different angles by two methods, and different fungi were organically combined by growth rate and moisture resistance.

This paper is based of policy to diversify energy from renewable energy, one of the types of renewable energy is biodiesel. The purpose of this paper is to explain the water content in biodiesel with palm oil added, and the water content in biodiesel with coconut oil added, and compare the water content of the two types of biodiesel. The type of research used is the research and development method, testing the water content of the biodiesel at the Sucofindo Padang Laboratory and the Pertamina Padang Laboratory. The results showed that the water content of biodiesel with palm oil had a lower water content compared to biodiesel with coconut oil. Referring to the provisions of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7182:2015) that the water content in biodiesel is 0.05% as the maximum limit, while referring to Gaikindo (Association of Indonesian Automotive Industries), the maximum water content in biodiesel is 0.020% to 0.025%, then biodiesel B5, B10, B15, and B20, with palm oil added, and biodiesel B5 and B10 with coconut oil added as fuel can be used for diesel engines.

The paper explores factors affecting the Engaging Commitment of employees. Data used in the study was collected by CJ CGV Vietnam Company Limited in Ho Chi Minh City in 2021 through a survey of 160 employees. The research results of this paper use the optimal choice by the AIC algorithm for Engaging Commitment (ECO) showed that 02 independent variables Promotion opportunity (PO) and Team Work (TW) have a positive impact on Engaging Commitment (ECO). The impact level of these 2 variables on the dependent variable Engaging Commitment (ECO) in descending orders as follows: Team Work (0.4754), Promotion opportunity (0.1231). We also give conclusions for this paper based the research results.

This paper investigates the performance of an office building that has achieved a low carbon performance in practice thanks to a performance contract and Soft Landings approach. The findings show the potential of this building for further de-carbonisation as a result of electrification of heating and load shifting to take advantage of a low carbon electricity grid. Whilst retrospective modelling based on the past carbon intensity data shows the effectiveness of demand-side management, assessment of the existing smart readiness of the building revealed that the building services and control strategy are not fully equipped with the data analytics and carbon or price signal responsiveness required to facilitate grid integration. The environmental strategy and procurement method used for this building combined with an effective grid integration strategy can serve as a prototype for low carbon design to achieve the ever stringent carbon emissions objectives set out for the non-domestic buildings.

This paper addresses the limitations of existing Solar Envelope (SE) methods to explore the trade-offs of solar radiation and urban shading, and to simultaneously account for several different Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). It offers an alternative parametric workflow - the Solar Block Generator (SBG) - which is based on an additive voxelization method by which multiple solar-driven massing alternatives are generated and evaluated for a given site, corresponding to a set of user-defined environmental KPIs. This method is tested here on an urban redevelopment case study in the Mediterranean (Tel Aviv). The results help achieve a more holistic approach for solar driven urban design.

Biomass is a renewable energy’s most abundant source which includes anything from energy crops or agricultural residue or forestry falls and animal (biogenic) waste. The biomass can be used to produce various products or can be used as an energy source, but utilization of these energy sources should be effective and efficient so the conversion process should be economical, so that it can compete in the market filled from fossil fuel derived products. This paper discusses about the different types of conversion process and the uses of the biomass derived products.

The aim of this study is to compare and validate a building energy simulation model of a university building with monitored data. In addition, different building services engineering concepts are compared with each other regarding their ecological life cycle-based performance using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods. Optimizing these performances regarding sustainability indicators plays an essential role in realizing a climate-neutral building stock. A university building from the 90s, which consists of almost 900 thermal zones, is used as a case study. Detailed heating consumption data are available for the inspected building and are compared to the simulation results. Different energy supply concepts are first subjected to conducting LCA and then to a detailed energy performance simulation. This paper presents a procedure that enables decision-makers to examine building services engineering issues and to derive conclusions in a time-saving manner regarding appropriate sustainable actions. The focus on sustainable energy supply systems is an essential milestone for the realization of climate-neutral building stocks. The scientific innovation is in the detailed reproduction of the existing building and the comparison between simulation data and real-time data as well as an innovative and experimental approach to building and Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system simulation.

The aim of passive design is to respond to the external climate using primarily structural means to achieve a comfortable indoor climate. The use of building technology is an additional measure. This paper compares the demand for resources, primary energy, and thermal and air-hygienic comfort of passive and climate-unadapted designs to determine the most energy-efficient and sustainable design. It also analyses whether user comfort suffers from reduced use of technical building equipment. For this purpose, a representative passive building model is compared with a climate-unadapted one. Comfort, primary and embodied energy are determined and compared by way of a simulation and life cycle assessment. The passive design presents a lower primary energy demand than the climate-unadapted one, even when embodied energy is taken into account. While the requirements of air-hygienic comfort are fulfilled equally in both types of buildings, the passive design displays better thermal comfort. This indicates that energy can be saved by employing a passive design.

This study focus on the removal of textile dyeing effluent by analyzing the physio-chemical parameters such as color, turbidity, pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Activated carbon is used for removing color from the wastewater collected from silkworm textile industry, Bishnupur, West Bengal. We have used activated carbon made with coconut shell which is ecofriendly and low in cost. The results of the analysis were compared with the water quality standards of BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) for further application of the treated water in agricultural field. Also, this paper included the case study on textile dyeing industry in Bankura district, West Bengal, India and its impacts of pollution load in the environment.

The VIP-2 (VIolation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle) experiment conducted at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS) of INFN is searching for possible tiny violations of standard quantum mechanics in copper atoms with extremely high sensitivity. We investigate atomic transitions with precision X-ray spectroscopy in order to test the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) and therefore the spin-statistics theorem. We present the experimental method for the search for "anomalous" (i.e. Pauli-forbidden) X-ray transitions in copper atoms, produced by "new" electrons, which could have a tiny probability to undergo a Pauli-forbidden transition to the 1s ground state already occupied by two electrons. We describe the VIP-2 experimental setup and its recent optimisations. Presently VIP-2 is taking data at LNGS. The goal of VIP-2 is to test PEP for electrons with unprecedented accuracy, down to a limit in the probability that PEP is violated at the level of 10-31 (and using a more elaborate analysis even 10-40). We present current experimental results.

Careful validation of the modelling and control actions is of vital importance to build confidence in the value of coordinated wind farm control (WFC). The efficiency of flow models applied to WFC should be evaluated to provide reliable assessment of the performance of WFC. In order to achieve that, FarmConners launches a common benchmark for code comparison to demonstrate the potential benefits of WFC, such as increased power production and mitigation of loads. The benchmark builds on available data sets from previous and ongoing campaigns: synthetic data from high-fidelity simulations, measurements from wind tunnel experiments, and field data from a real wind farm. The participating WFC models are first to be calibrated or trained using normal operation periods. For the blind test, both the axial induction and wake steering control approaches are included in the dataset and to be evaluated through the designed test cases. Three main test cases are specified, addressing the impact of WFC on single full wake, single partial wake, and multiple wake. The WFC model outcomes will be compared during the blind test phase, through power gain and wake loss reduction as well as alleviation of wake-added turbulence intensity and structural loads. The probabilistic validation will be based on the median and quartiles of the observations and WFC model predictions. Every benchmark participant will be involved in the final publication, where the comparison of different tools will be performed using the defined test cases. Instructions on how to participate are also provided on farmconners.readthedocs.io.

The paper presents studies on the use of ash of hydraulic removal in combination with modifier additives in the production of non-autoclaved foam concrete. The research is aimed at obtaining high-quality non-autoclaved foam concrete based on industrial waste with high construction and technical properties. The main objective of the paper is to determine the quality indicators of non-autoclaved foam concrete, according to standard methods, corresponding to the normative and technical documentation. The studies were carried out under laboratory conditions on certified and calibrated test equipment. The industrial waste considered in the paper, the ash of hydraulic removal and food industry waste, are common waste in all countries of the world, which gives high relevance to the research topic within the framework of waste disposal. The conducted studies confirmed the effectiveness of the integrated use of waste, to obtain the best result. As it is known, ash reduces the thermal conductivity, which is a positive effect, but at the same time reduces the strength of the material and frost resistance. In the paper it was proved that with the use of oil processing waste, it is possible to obtain an increase in frost resistance due to volumetric hydrophobization, as well as with the use of alcohol production waste, a significant increase in strength is achieved, due to the plasticizing effect of the casein contained (polymer components) in the composition of alcohol production waste. The obtained results of the study on thermal conductivity, strength and frost resistance confirm the effectiveness of the use of ash in combination with modified additives based on food industry waste CM-2 and CMA-P. In conclusion, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the use of industry waste the ash of hydraulic removal in combination with modified CM-2 and CMA-P additives is carried out.