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This paper aimed to determine the characteristics of physical and mechanical properties of rice straw hand sheet and investigated the optimal conditions for making rice straw paper. The chemical composition of rice straw determined with the TAPPI standards. The conditions of making paper hand sheet composed of pulping time: 2 hours, 4 hours, pulping temperature: 100°C, 130°C, pulping solvent: 2 wt% NaOH, 4 wt% NaOH and bleaching: unbleached pulp, bleached pulp with 2% H2O2. The paper hand sheet was tested based on TAPPI methods, basic weight TAPPI- T410-om-93, thickness TAPPI- T411-om-89, moisture content TAPPI- T412-om-93, brightness TAPPI T452 om-92, opacity TAPPI standard T 425 om-91, burst strength TAPPI T403 om-97, tensile strength TAPPI T494 om-01, and tear strength TAPPI-T414-om-88. The results showed that the optimal conditions of rice straw hand sheet including pulping time: 2 hours, pulping temperature: 100°C, pulping solvent: 2 wt% NaOH, and bleaching: unbleached pulp gave the highest the physical and mechanical properties form other conditions. This conditions showed as the basic weight 62.27 g/m2, thickness 259.30 µ, opacity 93.34 ISO%, burst strength 64.75 kPa.m2/g, tensile strength 95.33 N.m/g, and tear strength 473.55mN.m2/g. In this condition, the paper hand sheet used at the lowest concentration of pulping solvent and non-bleached, which reduces environmental pollution.

Anode surface plays important role for extracellular electron transfer (EET) of exoelectrogenic microbes in microbial fuel cell (MFC). In this report, the electrochemical performance of a TiO2nanorod array modified carbon paper electrode (TiO2NRs/CP) is greatly improved by controlled chemical etching process. The etching process keeps the array morphology but yields obvious hollows on tops of TiO2nanorods. The etched electrode (TiO2NRs-HOT/CP) exhibits better hydrophilicity than carbon paper (CP) and TiO2NRs/CP electrode as seen from smaller contact angle (CA) and more attached microbes S.loihica PV-4. Meanwhile, the hollows allow higher local concentration of microbial self-secreted flavins that can act as electron mediators for interfacial electron transfer of PV-4 through in-direct pathway. Accordingly, PV-4 produces larger current density at TiO2NRs-HOT/CP electrode with maximum current density of 0.038 mA cm–2, which was much higher than that at CP electrode, and almost five times higher than that at un-etched TiO2NRs/CP electrode.

Panicum repens is a species of grass known by many common names, including torpedo grass, creeping panic, panic rampant, couch panicum, wainaku grass, quack grass, dog-tooth grass, and bullet grass. The paper has been made from non-wood materials for long times. This research was used Panicum repens for made grass pulp as non-wood fiber. The influence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations on properties of pulp from Panicum repens was investigated under room temperature. NaOH concentration levels were varied at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. Moreover, Paper pulp from Panicum repens was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). This research has controlled the length of fiber approximately 0.5-2.5 cm before soaked with NaOH concentration at 1 hour and soak with water for controlled pH value at 7-8. Paper pulp was formed on a sieve. The result showed that color of paper pulp made from Panicum repens was light brown and green. SEM showed that NaOH concentration affects the physical properties of paper pulp. Moreover, true density of paper pulp was also investigated in this research.

In this study, 12 commercially available paper towels were collected from the local market. Their tensile properties were investigated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Four tensile properties namely: (i) extensibility (EMT), (ii) tensile energy (WT), (iii) tensile resilience (RT) and (iv) linearity of WT (LT) were evaluated. Experimental results revealed that the tensile properties varied within the products. EMT was used as the key property for discussing the tensile properties of paper towels. However, when the different tensile properties were correlated, it was found that WT/RT, WT/EMT and RT/EMT had strong Pearson correlation. In addition, there was no significant statistically relationship between weight and thickness to EMT. Based on this study, it can provide some information about the tensile properties of paper towels in local market which may help the industry for further improving the product quality.

In this study, we chose 12 commonly available paper towels from the local market. The compression properties of the paper towels were examined by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Three compression properties namely: (i) compressional linearity (LC), (ii) compression energy (WC) and (iii) compressional resilience (RC) were examined. The experimental results revealed that the compression properties varied within the different paper towels. RC vlaue was used as the key property for discussing the compression properties of paper towels. When different compression properties were correlated and analysed, it was found that no relationship was noted within different compression properties. On the other hand, there was not significant statistically relationship between weight and thickness to RC. It is hope that the results from this study can help the indurstry to improve the compression properties of paper towels for local market.

In this paper, we collected 12 commercially available paper towels from the local market and their shearing properties were evaluated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Three properties namely: (i) shear rigidity (G), (ii) shear stress at 0.5º (2HG) and (iii) shear stress at 5º (2HG5) were studied. Experimental results revealed that the shearing properties varied within the products. G was used as the key property for discussing the shearing properties of paper towels. However, in correlating different shearing properties, it was found that 2HG and 2HG5 had strong Pearson correlation. However, no significant statistically relationship between weight and thickness to G was found. This study may provide data for the industry for the improvement of shearing properties of paper towels for local market.

12 commercially available paper towels were collected from the local market and studied in this paper. Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F) was used for evaluating their bending properties. Two bending properties namely: (i) bending rigidity (B) and (ii) bending moment (2HB) were evaluated. Experimental results indciated that the bending properties varied within the products. B was used as the key property for discussing the bending properties of paper towels. When the correlations of different bending properties were investigated, it was found that no significant was found between B and 2HB. However, there was significant statistically relationship between weight and B but no relationship between thickness and B. With the use of the results, the product developer could improve the bending properties of the paper towels.

In this study, 12 commercially available paper towels were collected from the market. Their shearing properties were evaluated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Three properties namely: (i) coefficient of friction (MIU), (ii) deviation of MIU (MMD) and (iii) geometric roughness (SMD). Experimental results revealed that the surface properties varied within the products. When different properties were correlated, it was found that there was not significantly relationship between MIU, MMD and SMD. However, weight and thickness had well statistically relationship to SMD.

Examples of solid and liquid electrical insulations for power transformer are mineral oil and cellulose based paper. As transformers performed their function to step-up or step-down voltage level, its’ insulations will be degraded. Paper insulation is considered the most critical component in a transformer insulation system because it is not easily replaced if compared to oil where it is easily reconditioned in-order to remove water and contaminants. Studies show that temperature, moisture contents and oxygen contributed to paper insulation degradation. Moisture and furanic compound were produced from these deterioration processes. This paper is focused on the formation and effect of moisture to Kraft paper’s life. Levels of moisture contents were obtained from in-service power distribution transformers. These data then is used to assess the Kraft paper’s life by means of Weibull plot. This study shows that level of moisture contents can be used to assess the life of Kraft paper insulation.

As a kind of environmentally friendly material, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) has the following advantages: renewable raw materials, easy recycling, biodegradable, safety and so on. It can be combined with antibacterial agents to prepare the antibacterial packing materials for food. In this paper, the nano-ZnO was modified by titanate coupling agent TM-38s at first,determines the best dosage of TM-38 is 3% in the modification process,the dosage of the isopropyl alcohol for 40ml,improving its dispersibility. And then added in the MFC suspension to formulate the antibacterial coating for antibacterial coated paper preparation. The changes of antibacterial properties of the paper before and after coating were investigated in this study. The results showed that the paper had a significant antibacterial activity to e. coli and staphylococcus aureus (the antibacterial circle was bigger than 15 mm).When the nano-ZnO dosage was 2.5wt%, the antibacterial properties of the coated paper could reach the best situation. Application of the antibacterial caoated paper to the food packaging could restrain and kill the microorganisms on the food surface effectively, prolong the shelf life of food, and improve the food safety.

As an important document for the description and communication of transport policies, transport white papers have drawn special attention in western countries. This paper studies European transport white papers with the aim to explore their merits for reference. Firstly, the paper reviews the chronological development of European transport white papers to give a holistic view. Then, three European transport white papers that have critical historical meanings are analyzed in details, inspecting their issue background and policy objectives. Moreover, the features of European transport white papers are summarized, which include the concentration on chief problem, thorough action plan and flexible content system. These features deserve learning for other authorities when developing transport white papers.

Noise is one of the problems that often occur in urban areas due to the traffic condition. Noise in a building design depends on the choice of materials as sound absorbers. The type of sound dampening material that already exists is a porous material, a resonator, and a panel. The material often used as an absorber is porous materials, because it is relatively cheaper and lighter, especially to reduce the noise in the narrow spaces such as housing and offices. Various substitutes are made from cheap materials, such as the use of recycled materials of egg tray paper with the size of 40 x 40 centimeters. This is a quantitative research that will measure the place of egg tray paper in reducing noise, using a Sound Level Meter. The use of the egg tray paper is able to show an adequate acoustic quality as noise absorbers, with the average value of NR 22-26 dB.

This paper defines the efficiency similarity of different motor driving devices. Based on the efficiency function characteristics which can be approximately considered a concave, non-negative function through the origin, we present a kind of optimal control method for a felt driven by three different motors in paper machine. It gives the minimum total power consumption. The optimal control method is to keep the same torque rate for each motor driving device. This method is independent of the linearity or nonlinearity of the system and has no need for the system’s state equation or transfer function. Since the shapes of efficiency functions in nature are similar, the conclusion can also be applied to the energy optimization of other general devices.

This paper mainly discuss the effect of beating on OCC pulp fiber morphology and paper physical Strength. After the treatment with PFI, the beating degree were ranged from 25 ° SR rises from 56 °SR, the fiber morphologies were greatly changed, and appeared splitting and brooming. Physical results showed that beating can improve strength properties of OCC pulp in the proper degree, 46°SR was the best result in this study.

Noise pollution is a workplace hazard which causes loss of hearing, depending on the sound pressure level and duration of exposure. Because duration of exposure is usually uncontrollable, sound absorbers are used to reduce the value of sound pressure level. A common method to reduce noise is to use porous sound absorbers made out of mineral wools or glass fibres. However, these materials pose health risks and are non-recyclable. This project aimed to fabricate a sound absorber using recycled paper which is in the form of egg cartons as an alternative to the abovementioned fibres. Paper fibres posses high fibre porosity and can be manufactured in a manner which the properties can be easily controlled, making them ideal to be made into sound absorbers. Furthermore, they are biodegradable, do not pose health risks and can be manufactured into different shapes easily. Recycled paper was first turned into pulp, blended and poured into moulds. Different amounts of pulp was compressed until the sample size was approximately 20 mm thick and then dried in a furnace dryer at 600C for 12 hours. The samples were tested using a two-microphone, transfer function impedance tubes according to the ISO 10534-2 standard. Its porosity was determined using a modified wash basin method. The results indicate that the optimum panel has an average noise reduction coefficient, (NRC) of 0.50, which qualifies it to be used as a sound absorbing material. It also encounters its maximum value of 0.98 which occurred at the 1575-1675 Hz range. When compared to other materials, recycled paper has similar properties as coir fibre and is quite comparable to other commercial sound absorbers at the same thickness.

The feasibility of pulp and paper mill wastewater sludge as substrates for biogas production was evaluated in labrotory scale. Also the influence of pre-acidification, feeding modes and sludge concentration on anaerobic digestion system were studied.

In order to satisfy the strong demands of learning paper-cut from the public and paper-cut lovers and the needs of art education and training to practical ability for children and teenagers.Taking full use of the advantages and features of 2D interactive animation, we designed and implemented a virtual interactive system based on the classification of paper-cutting technique. Learners without paper-cutting experience can master the basic techniques of paper-cutting, and appreciate the integrity of the production process of paper-cutting through this system, which will promote the inheritance and development of folk paper-cut product techniques.

In order to study the corresponding relationship between the design and fashion of tea gift package, this paper will analyze and discuss the color design and packaging style of tea gift package. Besides, this paper will also do research on the cultural origin of tea and the value of package, and analyze the influence of package on consumers. Finally, based on the research, the author had design a tea gift package that is in accordance with the current trend. This study uses bright yellow and orange as predominant colors to present nobleness of tea of Alishan. The colors used on the packaging will render people associate with harvest in autumn.

The quality of product of manufacturing industries depends on dimension accurately and surface roughness quality. There are many types of surface defects and levels of surface roughness quality. Ironing process is one type of metal forming process, which aims to reduce the wall thickness of the cup-shaped or pipes products, thus increasing the height of the wall. Manually surface inspection procedures are very inadequate to ensure the surface in guaranteed quality. To ensure strict requirements of customers, the surface defect inspection based on image processing techniques has been found to be very effective and popular over the last two decades. The paper has been reviewed some papers based on image processing for defect detection. It has been tried to find some alternatives of useful methods for product surface defect detection of ironing process.

Biocomposites sheets were prepared by compression molding from mixtures of corn starch plasticized by glycerol as matrix and cellulose fibers, extracted from used office paper, as reinforcement filler with contents ranging from 0 to 8% wt/wt of fibers to matrix. Properties of composites were determined by mechanical tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, water absorption measurement, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that higher fibers content raised the tensile strength and elastic modulus up to 109% and 112%, respectively, when compared to the non-reinforced thermoplastic starch (TPS). The addition of the fibers improved the thermal resistance and decreased the water absorption up to 63.6%. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated a good adhesion between matrix and fibers.

In this paper, the stiffness and folding endurance of the paper were investigated with three kinds of pulp, such as the mechanical wood pulp, chemical pulp and composite pulp, after using common additives and cleaning additives. The results indicated that the stiffness of the paper can be increased by 20% ~ 30% and folding endurance can improve 20% ~ 60% after using new kind of cleaning additives no matter what kind of filler. New cleaning additives can not only improve the physical properties of paper, but also change "acidic papermaking" of the traditional paper industry into clean neutral papermaking environment. Especially, it is suitable for the production of food card paper.

Paper defects mean that there are some defects in the paper such as hole, emboss, and fold during the paper production, which mainly results from the limitation of technological level. In the past time, artificial visual inspection and off-line checking were often used to detect the paper defects. However, its shortcoming was highlighted along with the improvement of industrial technology level and increasing demand for paper. In order to realize the online detection and markers for paper defects, the project designs the on-line detection system based on line-scan digital camera. Firstly, the principle and detection scheme of the system for the paper defects was presented. Then the overall structure of the system was designed. After that, the hardware circuit of the system was designed using TMS320F2812 as main control chip. It mainly consists of the function of each module and the working process of the system. Finally, the software of the image acquisition system was presented. With the experimental verification, the system has advantages of low cost, high efficiency and strong resistance to interference. The functions and indexes achieved the design requirements.

In paper dryer section of the paper machine, paper dehydration is small, but the steam consumption for the process of dehydration is very large, this steam consumption has a great influence to the total steam consumption of the whole papermaking process. A method optimization of the dryer section based on genetic algorithm is proposed to reduce the dryer section steam consumption, which can reduce the total steam consumption of the papermaking process. After analyzing steam consumption of the whole drying process, the result is that the temperature of dryer section air is the key factor that influences the steam consumption. The model of paper machine dryer section is build with supply air temperature as a variable and steam consumption as the objective function, then using the genetic algorithm to optimize the supply air temperature. Simulation results show that after optimizing air temperature by genetic algorithm steam consumption of papermaking process is further reduced.

In this paper a new method is proposed for intelligent sort of battery from waste paper based on Invariant Moments and Fractal Dimension (IMFD). In IMFD, a new distinctive feature that based on the edge contours is extracted to describe the target picture. At first invariant moments technique is used to extract Hus seven moments as the global descriptors from the target image. Then the fractal dimensions are extracted as local invariant descriptors by using Fractal Dimension. At last, a combing descriptor is built according the distinctive feature, which combines the global descriptor and the local descriptor together. The features are highly distinctive, and can be matched with high probability against a large database of features. The practical tests performed in this article show that the proposed method has a significant effect on increasing the stability, the accuracy of classification, and also can effectively against the huge-information during the image processing.

In order to research the relationship between ink permeability and dot gain of different paper, four kinds of coated paper and two kinds of printing paper were chosen. Ink marks method was used to measure ink permeability of four kinds of coated paper and two kinds of common printing paper. After the ink marks were printed on each of the six kinds of paper, the length of them were measured, then the reciprocal of the ink marks length was multiplied by 1000 to obtain the value of the ink permeability. Inkjet printer was also used to print yellow GATF step-wedge simulating offset printing on the six kinds of paper, then using an optical densitometer to measure the dot gain. Conclusion shows that non-coated paper is higher in permeability than coated paper, which results in high percentage of dot gain.

Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was prepared from the bleached kraft hardwood pulp using TEMPO/NaClO/NaBr oxidation system and high pressure homogenization. By changing dosages of the TEMPO, NaClO and NaBr, the pressure and times of homogenization, pretreatment and homogenization process were optimized. Experimental investigation indicated that for making MFC of high quality, 0.25%TEMPO, 2.5%NaBr, 60%NaClO (based on oven dry pulp), 20 times of homogenization, pressure of 60MPa in the process of treatment were required. At last, the mechanical and barrier properties were tested after the base paper was coated by homemade MFC. The study suggested that mechanical properties (especially 5 times increase of the folding strength) increased substantially and air permeability decreased by 100times.

In order to realize precise control of the vertical inverting feeding of paper, the paper proposes the scheme to analyse the accuracy. Based on the geometric constraint relations of the feeding device, the position constraint equation of the device is established, together with the speed-acceleration formula; and the relationship between the paper inverting deviation angle and its drop height is obtained using the general equation of dynamics of the horizontal projectile motion as vertical inverting accuracy analysis of the device. The results of the study show that the precise control of the vertical inverting feeding of paper can be realized through the control of the angle.

This paper presents the performance investigations of the spatial domain image watermarking for camera-captured images on different types of printers and printable materials. We examine the effects of our previous watermarking method based on the modification of image pixels on three types of printers, i.e. inkjet, laser and photo printers, and four different types of printing papers, i.e. uncoated, matte, glossy and semi-glossy papers. In the experiments, the DSLR camera is used as tool to capture the printed watermarked images, while the image registration technique based on projective transformation is used to diminish the RST and perspective distortions in the captured image. The performances in terms of extracted watermark accuracy at equivalent watermarked image quality on different types of printers and printing papers are measured and compared.

The influence of coating layer structure on both physical and printing quality of the paper was studied. Different coating layers were obtained by changing the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol adhesives and silicon dioxide pigments in the coating formula. Then the structure, physical properties and ink-jet printing performance of the coated paper were measured. The influences of coating structure on physical properties and ink-jet printing performance were evaluated. The results showed that as the ratio of adhesive increased, the coating porosity decreased; the average pore diameter increased at first and then decreased, but in general tended to decrease; the initial drop contact angle increased, which testified the stronger hydrophobicity of the coated surface with higher adhesive ratio. The average pore diameter has a negative linear correlation with paper roughness while has a positive linear correlation with air permeability. The larger the average pore diameter, the greater the density values, as well as the better tone reproduction and the larger color gamut range. Average pore diameter also has a weak correlation with dot area and dot roundness.

This research is about an attempt to evaluate the effect of water contents towards the packaging properties of paper made from coconut coir, which was being processed manually through beating times method. The purpose of this investigation is to relate the composition of coconut fibre and water content with the tensile strength and tear factor. The composition starts from sample A, which has 90% of water and 10% of coconut fibre. The sample continues with 10% decreasing content of water and 10% increment of coconut coir. Base on tensile test and tear test results, graphs were plotted and it shows sample D, with 60% of water and 40% of coconut coir has produced the highest tensile strength, breaking length and tensile index, with the value of 1020.6 N/m, 422.8 m and 4.1450 Nm/g respectively. On the other hand, sample A produced the highest tear factor, with the value of 92.7 g/mm2. As a conclusion, these packaging properties are good enough to become guidance in paper manufacturing industry, as well as to support the application of coconut coir fibre as an alternative packaging material in the future.

In this paper, we presented an approach to control on the total hardness over the wastewater treatment recycling process for pulp and paper mill. The main problem, however, is the effects of Ca2+ concentration on the recycling treatment process. The experiments were conducted by using coagulation method with reagents of Ca(OH)2 addition alone and Ca(OH)2 +PAC addition respectively to control on total hardness. The samples were collected from the effluent and the influent of the biological treatment tank respectively of the wastewater treatment plant in a pulp and paper mill. The experimental results identified that the optimum reagent addition position was in the effluent of the biological treatment tank. When addition Ca(OH)2 alone, the optimum Ca(OH)2 addition amount was 2g/L, as a result, 70.1% of total hardness was removed ( from 1088.05mg/L down to 325.16mg/L), pH value was from 7.23 to 8.61, and sludge volume ratio was 9.9%. When addition PAC+ Ca(OH)2 , the optimum Ca(OH)2 addition amount was 1g/L, the optimum PAC addition amount was 300mg/L respectively, as a result, 71% of total hardness was removed( from 1088.05mg/L down to 315.25 mg/L), pH value was from 7.23 to 7.66, and sludge volume ratio was 6.5%. The effluent-quality can meet the National Industrial Wastewater Recycling Standard on the total hardness of 450 mg/L requirement. The reagents of Ca(OH)2 +PAC had many advantages over Ca(OH)2 alone , such as less sludge quantity, high density of sludge, small volume of sludge, and less addition of reagents and so on.

This paper describes simulation of combustion characteristics under high ambient and high injection of biodiesel combustion by using CFD simulation. Diesel engine performance and emissions is strongly couple with fuel atomization and spray processes, which in turn are strongly influenced by injector flow dynamics. The principal objective of this research is to seek the effect of temperature and pressure on the spray characteristics, as well as fuel-air mixing characteristics. Experiments were performed in a constant volume chamber at specified ambient gas temperature and pressure. This research was continued with injecting diesel fuel into the chamber using a Bosch common rail system. Direct photography technique with a digital camera was used to clarify the real images of spray pattern, liquid length and vapor penetration. The method of the simulation of real phenomenon of diesel combustion with optical access rapid compression machine is also reviewed and experimental results are presented. The liquid phase of the spray reaches a maximum penetration distance soon after the start of injection, while the vapor phase of the spray continues to penetrate downstream. The condition to which the fuel is affected was estimated by combining information on the block temperature, ambient temperature and photographs of the spray. The increases in ambient pressure inside the chamber resulting in gain of spray area and wider spray angle. Thus predominantly promotes for a better fuel-air mixing. All of the experiments will be conducted and run by using CFD. The simulation will show in the form of images.

Tea has been a popular beverage since ancient time and accumulated a great deal of culture. In modern society, tea packaging design attracts a lot of attention. How to reflect the integration of traditional culture and modern culture from the perspectives of shape, pattern and color and cater to consumers needs at home and abroad and make the tea packaging fun has become the key of tea packaging design. The important function of packaging is to attract consumers’ attention and trigger their desire to buy the product. Through the visual design of packaging, it is a vital way to reflect the quality of tea, as well as increase the value of goods. Highlighting the characteristics of tea is the fundamental purpose of packaging. The color, pattern and text attribution are essential element in packaging, meanwhile it conveys the product information. The application of color, pattern and text and other factors in the study make the tea more competitive. It exchanges information between tea and consumer. Good tea packaging can not only improve sales, but also enhance the brand image, and expand spread of traditional tea culture.

Contrasting《Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper industry》(GB3544-2008) to《Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper industry》(GB3544-2001), this article educes impact for pulp and paper industry by 《Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper industry》(GB3544-2008). This article discuss producing technics and dealing with waste water technics of pulp and paper industry, that satisfy GB3544-2008.

This paper describes the use of a printing circuit technology to generate hydrophilic channels in a filter paper. Pattern was first designed using Protel soft, and printed on a blank paper. Then, the pattern was transferred on a sheet copper using a thermal transfer printer. The sheet copper with pattern was dipped in a ferric trichloride solution to etch the whole pattern of the sheet copper. At last, the etched sheet copper was coated with paraffin, then with a filter paper and heated at the other side of the sheet copper with an electric iron. The melting paraffin penetrated full thickness of the filter paper and formed a hydrophobic “wall”. Colorimetric assays for the presence of protein and glucose were demonstrated in the paper-based device. The work is helpful for researching paper-based microfluidic devices for monitoring health and detecting disease.

Paper based printing plate is one of printing plates used in eight mo octave or specifically offset printing machine. In the printing process, the printed plate wants to keep its shape by the pressure, the friction and tension. It needs to have good dimensional stability and good ink-water balance of coating. This paper discusses the influence of different coating formulations and coating process on the mechanical properties of paper-based printing plate. In this paper, the wet strength of paper-based printing plate of different formulations and different coating amount were tested. The study provided the theoretical basis for ink-water balance coating formulations of paper-based printing plate and the plate production.

Rich mineral paper (RMP) has the advantage of being energy efficient, clean and creating no pollution during its production processes, with low production costs, and enjoying naturally complete biodegradability, fully compatible with the emerging demands for energy efficient carbon reducing features and the trend for environmentally green solutions, so if this media can replace traditional paper uses to become a new print media, tremendous environmental efficacy can be expected. So this study aims to discuss the print quality performance characteristics of RMP applications in large print run offset printing operations. The study deploys True Experimental Study methodology, with use of the digital printing test target of Graphic Arts Technical Foundation (GATF), with flat offset printing on traditional coated paper and eco-friendly RMP, printing 800 sheets of each, with systematic random sampling of 35 samples for the study. Quality determinations rely on X-rite i1 Pro for elucidation of the printing quality characteristics for solid ink density, TVI, contrast, gray balance, and color gamut measurement. The results of this study indicate the KCMY solid ink density and contrast of the eco-friendly RMP were less than traditional coated paper; TVI value was higher than traditional coated paper; color gamut performance was less than the traditional coated paper. Optimal gray balance combination for RMP was determined as follows: 7% tone with C7M3Y4, 30% tone with C30M28Y26, 60% tone with C60M58Y5, and 80% tone with C80M76Y66. The study suggests that ink particularly suitable for RMP uses remains in need of development. Additionally, the study found that use of RMP in the paper machinery indicated transverse and longitudinal tensile strength is slightly inferior to the traditional coated paper, resulting in unsmooth surfaces post-printing, for which it is recommended that RMP makers should consider paper machinery structural aspects when pursuing future research on modifying solutions for greater printing efficacy with RMP.

The impact of coated paper printability for image quality on the high-fidelity digital printing was studied in this paper. Compared with the traditional printing technology, high-fidelity digital printing technology is more likely to expand the color gamut, maintain the original tone linear and produce vivid image. The performance of coated paper to a large extent determines the image quality. In order to get high-quality printed matters, the mechanism of the coated paper printability influencing on the performance on high-fidelity digital printing is need to be researched in-depth. The printability of coated paper was studied from several aspects in this paper, including the structural properties, roughness, optical properties, absorption etc, the relationships between these properties and printing color, dot reproduction performance were also studied. Based on the previous theoretical and practical studies, the printability evaluation system of coated paper on high-fidelity digital printing was established initially. On digital printing, accurate color management technology also affects the printing quality as the performance of coated paper, so the advanced color management technology was also used in the current study. The results showed that the pore structure and the absorbent of coated paper were the most important factors for affecting the printing quality, and the roughness and optical properties of coated paper also had a certain impact.

The waste corrugated paper was grinded to paper pulp first, and then the paper pulp was used to prepare the foamed waste paper pulp/high density polyethylene（HDPE）composites by compression molding with HDPE. The Rosand double-barrel capillary rhepmeter was used to research the influences of the blowing agent AC(Azodicarbonamide) content，waste paper pulp content，temperature and different blowing agent on the melt of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）was also used to observe the effects of different contents of AC and waste paper pulp on the cell morphologies.The results showed that: when the shear rate up to 600 S-1，the melt performs of the foamed waste paper pulp/ HDPE composites were pseudoplastic flow, and turn up wall slip phenomenon. The viscosity of melt was significantly reduced with the content of AC increased, but it increased with the content of the waste paper pulp increased. When the shear rate reduced to 275 S-1 or below, the viscosity of melt reduced as the temperature riased; while when the shear rate went up to 275 S-1 or high, the viscosity of melt increased as the temperature riased. When the shear rate reduced to 325 S-1 or below, the melt of endothermic blowing agent （NaHCO3）showed the highest viscosity; when the shear rate went up to 325 S-1 or high, the melt of exothermic blowing agent AC shows the highest viscosity. The number of cell increased and size of cell became smaller with the AC content increased , but the number of cell reduced and the size of cell became larger with the content of waste paper pulp increased observing by SEM.

Based on the Fick’s law, model about the migration of silver-loaded zeolite on antibacterial kraft paper was built, and migration of antibacterial agent in distilled water, 65 % ethanol and 4 % acetic acid at 2 h、24 h、96 h、240 h、480h、720h and 960 h under 40 °C were detected by AAS. The predicted and experimental results were compared using MATLAB software. The results are shown that the turns of migration in different foodstuff are that 65 % ethanol>4 % acetic acid>distilled water, while silver ion is not detected in olive oil and N-hexane. The migration in distilled water, 65 % ethanol and 4 % acetic acid can be well fitted with the predicted model, and the migration in 4 % acetic acid is similar with the model’s result in certain period of time, and migration of antibacterial agent from papers to food stimulants in different effective migration coefficient, depth of paper and time can be greatly predicted with.

Impregnated paper for plywood formwork is an important material for the production of plywood formwork. It was developing with plywood formwork and the market had been expanding. Absorption and wet strength are main factors which can effects on the property of impregnated paper. In this paper, mechanical chemical pulp and waste paper were used to make special impregnated paper for formwork. The ratio of EMP, dosage of aid, and operation conditions were discussed. The result showed that the absorption was improved by increasing ratio of EMP, adding agent, drying quickly, and lighter pressure. A certain ratio of AOCC is necessary to ensure strength. The paper also discussed the difference of white spot between bamboo plywood formwork and plywood formwork which indicated that white spot caused by waste paper .However, it wasn’t damage the quality of structures.

Biopolymers have the potential to serve as coating materials for paper to improve its performance properties. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of kelp coating on the physical properties of coated papers. It was found that kelp coated paper showed significant difference on physical properties, compared with uncoated. Kelp coated papers greatly increased in tensile strength. Paper coated with kelp solution can be used to produce packages with the potential to be used to maintain agricultural produce quality for the food industry, and may have other applications.

This paper draws on a roll coating method which used for the production of coated paper. Polylactide coating cardboard was prepared through the solvent coating, and study its packaging performance. In this study, chloroform is based solvent, ethanol or n-propanol as auxiliary solvents, poly (ethylene glycol) or poly caprolactone as plasticizer, and the water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability and heat sealability of polylactic acid coated cardboard.

After introducing the principle of ventilation and dehumidification for closed steam hood, the key and difficulty points of its control are analyzed. Aiming at the production line of coating white board with surface sizing and high steam consumption, DCS system of steam hood based on SIMATIC S7-300 PLC is designed. The hardware structure and control algorithms are illustrated in detail. The control system has been applied on the paper machine with nearly 10 board paper plants of the coating white board paper base in Fuyang, Zhejiang province, and the good energy-saving control effect has been obtained.

With the gradually maturing super-speed inkjet printing technology, people are pursuing steadier and higher speed as well as better quality presswork for the sake of increasing economic benefit. To provide an overview of the velocity fluctuation of the inkjet machine platform and the cyclical fluctuation of the incremental encoder, external clock and corresponding internal clock were applied separately to print the equally spaced lines under the same platform speed. Then a magnifier was used to measure distance between the lines, according to which the velocity fluctuation mentioned above can be obtained. Thus conclusion can be drawn from the fluctuation analysis that the velocity cycle of platform is 60mm, however, number of those produced by the incremental encoder is up to 3, including 60mm influenced by the platform, 300mm produced by the perimeter of encoders pressure wheel and 600mm produced by the circumference of dance roller. Furthermore, dance roller contributes more influence on narrow coated paper. Through this research, inkjet technician can do directional compensation for every factors to reduce the fluctuation.

The consumers’ green purchasing decision is the process of matching their own needs and the attributes of the products. Conjoint analysis was used to analyze how the attributes such as the brand, the price, the raw materials, the environmental certification and the fluorescent additives of the rolling paper affect its purchase on the basis of the data from a survey among the consumers in Changsha. The study measured the relative importance of each attribute to the consumers’ decisions and the utilities of the levels of the attributes to consumers. Results showed that the differences of the consumers’ preference can provide strong basis for product management of the corporation.

Copper-nickel alloys have been used in many applications in marine environments because of excellent corrosion and biofouling resistance. . This investigation is cover a review of many previous studies about the behavior of these alloys in marine environments with different environmental conditions including the effect of sulphur contamination, the effect of CO2, the effect of chlorine, the effect of flow velocity, the effect of temperature and the effect of adding some alloying elements to the alloy itself. There have been conflicting results in the past about the corrosion rate values and the chemical analysis of the corrosion films in different environmental conditions. More research is needed for studying the behavior of these alloys in marine environments to provide good assessment of the corrosion resisting characteristics.

It is necessary to implement pretreatment operations for a paper based microfluidic device. A paper based microfluidic device with SAW driving microfluid has been implemented. Trance analyte to be detected was absorbed into a filter paper at first, and mounted on PDMS blocks on a piezoelectric substrate to ensure that the indicting filter paper has a little gap with the piezoelectric substrate. Reagents were then pipetted on the piezoelectric substrate and transported by surface acoustic wave excited by an interdigital transducer, which was fabricated on a 1280-yx LiNbO3 using micro-electrical technology. A color was developed due to chemical reaction, and the analyte concentration was evaluated by its grey value. Nitrate ion was detected using the microfluidic system.

The combustion characteristics of the mixtures, which are made from different proportions of paper mill sludge and coal, were studied by the thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) at different heating rates. The results showed that there were obviously three temperature zones in the paper mill sludge combustion curves, which is respectively corresponding to two devolatilization stages and a fixed carbon combustion stage. In these stages, the weight of sludge was lost promptly. When the proportions of sludge – coal blends were rather different, ignition point obviously shifted to the larger proportions, and DTG curve was more closed to the larger proportions. During the combustion process of the mixture, the paper mill sludge and the coal had basically maintained their own devolatilisation characteristics. And the comprehensive combustion characteristic index S of sludge-coal blend declined, demonstrating that higher volatility had better combustion characteristics. As the heating rate and the proportions of coal increasing, total weight loss rate increased, while burnout index Cbraised.

The novel flexible pressure sensor with skin-like stretchability and sensibility has attracted tremendous attention in academic and industrial world in recent years. And it also has demonstrated great potential in the applications of electronic skin and wearable devices. It is significant and challenging to develop a highly sensitive flexible pressure sensor with a simple, low energy consuming and low cost method. In this paper, the silver nanowires (AgNWs) as electrode material were synthesized by polyol process. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was chosen as a flexible substrate and polyimide (PI) film as dielectric layer. The AgNWs based electrode was prepared in two methods. One is coating the AgNWs on photographic paper followed by in situ PDMS curing. Another one is suction filtration of the AgNWs suspension followed by glass slide transfer and PDMS curing. Then the capacitive pressure sensor was packaged in a sandwich structure with two face to face electrodes and a PI film in the middle. The sensitivity of the sensor as well as the micro-structure of the electrodes was compared and studied. The results indicate that the roughness of the electrode based on AgNWs/PDMS micro-structure plays an important role in the sensitivity of sensor. The as-prepared flexible pressure sensor demonstrates high sensitivity of 0.65kPa-1. In addition, the fabrication method is simple, low energy consuming and low cost, which has great potential in the detection of pulse, heart rate, sound vibration and other tiny pressure.

Langmuir-Blodgett technique was applied to build optically homogeneous film of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on paper substrate. The palladium (Pd) nanoparticles were drop-casted onto MWCNTs network films before being exposed in hydrogen (H2) gas molecules environment under vacuum and atmospheric pressure at room temperature. The results demonstrate that the functionalized MWCNTs dispersed with Pd nanoparticles show good H2sensing response on paper substrate where the sensitivity of around 10 % was recorded at only 2 minutes exposure time.

Magnetic stripe cards and magnetic recording paper are commonly used in credit cards, identity cards, and transportation tickets. Barium ferrite was used to prepare magnetic inks and the magnetic ink was coated onto the paper substrate to obtain the magnetic papers. The crystal structure of barium ferrite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the magnetic property of barium ferrite was tested by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) The performance of the magnetic recording paper and the surface morphology of the coating magnetic layer were also characterized. The results show that the magnetic ink based on barium ferrite with the formula of 41wt% of the barium ferrite powder, 14wt% of polyurethane, 36wt% of solvent and 9wt% of PVP has good printing characteristics and the magnetic recording papers have good performance.

This paper aimed at the quality of the transparent paper package, developed a machine vision detection system and successfully applied it in production line. A variety of transparent paper defects are detected out. This system makes the transparent paper packing quality b improved and provides good reference for the application of the technology of machine vision detection.

There are too many waste that has the capability in undermine the environment, including paper waste. The unused paper waste collected from one office only could reach two tons a year. To decrease the possibility of paper waste in ruining the environment, it can be recycled to be any usable things. One example is recycle the paper waste into paper brick as building material. Before the brick can be used, it needs to be tested whether it can create a thermal comfort or not. So the objectives of the research are to find the ability of paper brick in create thermal comfort, and compare it with the red brick that is commonly used by people. The method used in this research is field measurement using model and hygrometer as a tool. The result of the research is that the paper brick can create a thermal comfort in some hours of a day. But it turns out that it is not better than the red brick in decreasing the outside temperature. The temperature inside the building with a red brick is lower that the temperature in the building with the paper brick.

Along with the widespread use of food wrap paper, it is very important to discuss the migration of lead in paper. The migration of lead from six kinds of food wrap papers under different temperatures (5 °C, 25°C, 35°C, 60°C and 85°C) were investigated by using water as an imitation in this paper. It was found that the initial migration rate was affected by the sizing degree of paper, but the final migration ratio was mainly decided by initial concentration of lead in paper, and the migration rate increased with the increasing of temperature.

By using printability tester for printing on ordinary white cardboard and light beam hologram paper, measuring spectral information and chrominance information of the two samples, and then perform spectral fitting by analyses their color characteristics, The aim of this research was to propose one method for color calculation of printing on light beam hologram papers, according to the color information of ordinary white cardboard.

Green and environmental protection has become a theme of contemporary furniture design. As a unique furniture material, paper has characteristics like wide source, easy processing, non-toxic and pollution-free. It has been used in the development and design of furniture. Paper furniture has broad application prospects.

In order to improve the printing quality, 10 kinds of different manufacturers, different gram weight offset paper are used in this title, measure the quantitative, thickness, gloss, K&N values, and roughness of those paper. Print papers through IGTAIC2-5, calculate the ink transfer rate and transfer parameters. Using SPSS to analysis relationship between the performance of paper and ink transfer rate, transfer parameter b, k, f ' by using mathematical methods. The research results show that the performance of the paper affect ink transfer rate and transfer parameter b, k, f '; The tightness, roughness ,glossiness and K&N value have notable effect on the ink transfer rate and transfer parameter k; transfer parameter b, f ' has no remarkable influence.

In order to investigate the influence of coating layer characteristics on the dynamic permeability and printing of ink-jet paper, coating was prepared by the precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and white latex used as bottom coating (recipe label:A,B),and coating formula was made by silica (SiO2) and polyvinyl alcohol used as surface coating (recipe label:a,b,c).Then paper were coated respectively on single bottom, single surface and multilayer. Then the dynamic permeability and printing of ink-jet paper were analyzed systematically. The results showed that whether single layer or multilayer, the values of Ct, Ci were minimum when the ration of pigment and adhesive was 70:30, because the hole diameter of the coating layer was smallest, and the absorption was strongest, so the dynamic permeability was best, and the ability of ink absorption was best, color density and tone reproducibility were best. It concluded that when the proportion of SiO2 and PVA was 70:30, the dynamic permeability and printing ability of ink-jet paper were relative better.

The bonding mechanism between water-based UV curable ink and active groups on paper’s fiber during curing process was studied in this paper. Low viscosity water-based UV-cured resin was synthesized by epoxy resins, epoxy diluent, acrylic acid and maleic anhydride in the presence of catalyst. The viscosity of the synthesis system and synthetic products were significantly reduced when epoxy diluent was added to replace parts of the epoxy resin. Epoxy diluent was very useful in reducing the viscosity of the product, but over-dose would have negative effects on the quality of the cured film. The water-based epoxy acrylate prepolymer was used as the substitution for the ink to investigate the binding mechanism between the active groups of prepolymer and fiber under UV irradiation. The prepolymer and photoinitiator were mixed and the mixture was diluted to an appropriate viscosity by a small amount of water, then printed on the paper by the method of analog printing and curred by UV curing machine. The printed paper was used to extract lignin by enzymatic/mild acidolysis. FT-IR was used to characterize the changes of the active groups in lignin. The results showed that the changes of active groups in lignin were founded in the existence of ultraviolet and photoinitiator, which consistent with the change of double bonds in prepolymer. The free radicals produced by photoinitiator in curing process not only promoted the double bonds to polymerize, but also accelerated the active groups of lignin binding. Experiments show that chemical bonds exist between them.

The experiment studied effects of paper on the height and glossiness of UV ink-jet 3D printing. The results showed that there all existed penetrations between the 1st ink layer and three kinds of paper, the bigger the roughness and bulk of paper were, the larger the penetration was, and penetration between the 1st ink and paper was obviously larger than that between two ink layers. Penetration between two ink layers was stable, almost not affected by paper. The bigger the roughness and bulk of paper were, the smaller the glossiness of ink layer was. There appeared directional ink strips on ink layer on three kinds of paper, beginning from the 3rd ink layer, there also appeared ink pits on ink layer on paper whose roughness and bulk were the biggest, which showed printer precision was also an important factor for the glossiness, apart from paper. Thus, the tight and smooth paper should be selected in UV ink-jet 3D printing. Before printing, pretreatment should be done to exclude the influence of the 1st ink layer and the ink strips.

Most paper-based 3D color printers are plagued by the problem of slow printing speed, which is caused by the double-sided coloration for A4 office paper during the printing process. In order to resolve this issue, we propose a new fast and reliable coloration algorithm using geometric information in STL file, given the existing slicing methods. During the entire process, the colored surface is determined by D value that represents the positive or negative slope of layer in the 3D model after slicing. Colored inks with corresponding permeability are used to print single-sided or double-sided to accelerate the printing speed. For the given 3D models, the efficiency of the speedup is discussed and qualitatively analyzed. The results show that the proposed algorithm can increase the printing speed of paper-based 3D color printers, based on the existing materials and apparatus, at a lower cost than the common approaches.

The composite SiOx/polymer films are deposited as a top-coatings onto the paper substrates by radio frequency (RF) reactive magnetron co-sputtered two targets, silica and dicyclopentadiene dioxide cured with maleic anhydride (DCPD/MA).The samples prepared by changing PSiO2/PDCPD/MA, the ratio of RF powers density delivered to the individual target from 0.1 to 10 so as to prepare different SiOxcontent coatings. The wettability, mechanical properties, color reproduction printability, chemical characterization of the coatings are discussed in this paper, using contact angle measurements, electronic tensile testing machine, off-set printing test and FTIR. The static contact angle of water ranges from 129.7 to 90.7 o and tensile performance has improved significantly as the ratio of RF powers density change from 0.1 to 10. The ink density and depth of color during off-set printing are visually improved by using papers with hydrophobic surfaces coated composite films.

For the modern pulp and paper industry with high technical requirement, huge energy consumption and large pollution output, the computer integrated process system (CIPS) of the flow industry which could effectively integrate corporate management concept, information technology and automatic control technology is necessary. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of various workshop sections of the pulp and paper industry, we put forward the CIPS three-layer system structure (ERP, MES and PCS) which could be applied in the pulp and paper industry, and a new CIPS optimized application project based on SIMATIC PCS7 software platform for the papermaking corporation is realized.

The difference of printing quality depends on the transfer of ink and paper performance.In this paper based on the theory of printing.Measuring the performance of all sorts of paper,with IGT-C1 type printability tester to simulate the printing principle.In the same printing pressure,printing speed and ink,under the conditions of constant temperature and humidity.Using different paper type experiment,obtained paper all kinds of performance and ink transfer data.Then processing, analysis,and obtained paper performance and ink transfer rate relation curves of in printing pressure and the printing speed with constant.For the printing quality control to provide certain basis in the different performance of paper.

It is usually reported that chitosan is used as paper strengthening agent. However, it is sorry that the study choosing chitosan which DD (degree of de-acetyl )and viscosity is filtered by experiments is blank. Many chitosan samples of wide viscosity range and wide DD range were tested by their strengthening effect on bleched wheat straw pulp. Then a few sample of chitosan is selected because of their obvious strengthening effect on pulp. This study could be as the foundation of further research of chitosan used as paper strengthening agent.

A new type of adsorbent which prepared with waste paper as raw material was applied in the treatment of dye wastewater, and studied the processing conditions on treatment effect. Batch adsorption study carried out as a function of the dosage, the stirring time, the stirring speed and the pH. The adsorption rate of newspaper adsorbent to basic blue dye simulated wastewater and alkaline yellow wastewater with an initial concentration of 80mg·L-1 can reach 98.56% and 92.23% at 4g·L-1 of the dosage of paper adsorbent, 15min of the stirring time and 150r·min-1of the stirring speed. The maximum adsorption were 233.1g·L-1 and 289.4g·L-1 respectively. The isothermal adsorption experiment was also studied and concluded that the adsorption equilibrium data fitted with the Langmuir isotherm. The characterization experiment showed that the modified paper adsorbent had stronger absorbability.

The paper analyses the structural peculiarity and design methods of the adjustable heat pump, bring forward a new project which used adjustable heat pump system for paper machine dryers. The system can enhance the steam’s function, accelerate the speed and economize the energy.

The aim of this work is to study the influence of beating and refining as well as the fibre furnish on the properties of silk paper, such as air permeance, softness, pore size, tensile index and burst index. The results showed that the beating characteristic of silk fibre was similar to that of plant fibre, they all had the characteristic of fibrillation. Silk paper had excellent softness and air permeance when the beating degree of silk pulp was 20 °SR, 181.3 μm/Pa·s and 2.5 mN·m2/g respectively, which was superior to paper made from plant fibres of the same beating degree. The minimum average pore size of silk paper was 5.11 μm at the beating degree of 20 °SR, and it decreased with the increase of beating degree, reached 0.79 μm at the beating degree of 67 °SR. With the increase of beating degree, the tensile index of silk paper increased at first, and then decreased. The burst index of silk paper showed a upward trend, but the softness and air permeance of it constantly decreased. The tensile strength of paper made from mixed-furnish pulp consisting of silk and softwood reached the maximum when the amount of silk fibre was 4%, and its air permeance increased with the increase of silk fibre.

Rapid economy development and upsurge of paper consumption cause the shortage of paper material. Waste paper recycling can solve this problem effectively. This paper analyses the status of waste paper recycling in China and abroad，also the technology development trend. According to the situation of our country, suggestions for strengthening recycling of waste paper are proposed.

This paper has a brief introduction to a algorithm that can automatically identify the defective cutting region when automatic paper cutter does quality analysis. The algorithm analyzed the characteristics of processed shear mark image,detected defects,found a critical point of defective part ,then a unique regional recognition algorithm was developed based on the basis of the general processing algorithm. The algorithms can pinpoint the region that cutting defects exist according to the coordinates of critical point accurately, improve the efficiency of quality analysis, and also has stated that image processing is available in the regional recognition of automatic paper cutter.

Peer review is a new phenomenon in the process of internationalization of academic journals, but also a worldwide problem. In this paper, the development and practical application of peer review system are sort out, which are based on objective data research of domestic and international academic journals; the problems of network online published papers in practice are analyzed and explored by modern advanced network technology as the application tool, and how scientific orientation are they to play an effective role. The purpose of paper is in order to ensure the impartiality of the academic council, spread rapidly and use information resources, and further promote to enhance the overall level of academic journals.

The paper currency image recognition method based on Gabor filter set is discussed in this paper. According to the paper currency image features, the suitable parameters of Gabor filter set are selected for the extraction of paper currency characteristics, the multi-scale and multi-directional texture characteristics of paper currency image are gotten; then the texture images are meshed, and the row and column projection sum of grid pixels' average grey are calculated, finally, the template match method based on grid projection characteristics is used for paper currency recognition. Experiments show that, this method has strong anti-interference ability, it can raise the recognition rate of old or dirty paper currency greatly, and it costs little time.

Moisture has a detrimental effect on oil-paper insulation life by lowering electrical breakdown strength. How does the space charge behavior of the oil-paper insulation system consisted by oil gap and oil immersed insulation pressboard with different moisture content? The space charge characteristics of the mixed insulation consisted of oil gap and pressboard with three moisture content were investigated using the PEA measurement system. The space charge accumulation behaviors at the interface between oil gap and pressboard were analyzed. The distortion of the electrical field in the oil gap and pressboard was also analyzed. Results show that there are many charges injected into the oil and the pressboard. The charges accumulated at the interface between oil gap and pressboard. The charges accumulated in the mixed insulation system become less with the moisture content increased. The difference of the electric field strength in the oil gap and pressboard become smaller with the moisture content increased.

According to the features of paper currency CIS image, the fuzzy set theory is initial used to improve the contrast of banknote target and background, paper money’s edge pixels are obtained by scanning, and then the sub-pixel edges are fitted by least square method; in the fitting process, the error threshold method is applied for eliminating noisy edge points, then slope correction of paper money is carried out according to the angle of sub-pixel edge line and the note area is extracted, finally, fuzzy enhancement is used for the extracted image again. Experiments show that, this method has good versatility, high accuracy and strong anti-interference ability, it can even extract the paper currency area effectively in the edge deterioration and unfilled corner condition, and the enhanced image is in favor of subsequent paper currency recognition.

This paper focuses on scraps of paper splicing recovery issues. To deal with complex scraps restoration problem, first the image should be changed as pixel grey level binary image, generating binary matrix, and then classify the scraps using SOM neural network data and feature comparison method. Combining with the Euclidean distance discriminant method, we match the scraps of paper with same edges and obtain a complete stitching schematic finally.

The restoration of regular paper fragments can be solved by edge matching. Edge matching is based primarily on the length and location of the break in writing, however, it is possible that the edges of some regular paper fragments are blank. And so the error of restoration is the inevitable. In this case, it needs manual intervention based on the article content and then eliminate errors. Prior to the establishment of a mathematical model, there is a need for binarization of regular paper fragments with Matlab, then establish vector space model and construct edge contrast matrix, get the order after the Q cluster analysis of fragments. Finally the original picturecan be obtained through splicing and restoring in the order.

Paper-based microfluidic devices have recently received increasing attention as a potential platform for its low cost, portability and excellent compatibility with biological samples. A variety of fabrication technologies were employed, including simple photolithography, wax plotting, printing, inkjet etching, plasma etching and so on. Meanwhile, the potential applications of paper-based microfluidic devices in diagnostic, point-of-care (POC), and environmental monitoring were reported. We review the recent progress of fabrication technologies and the applications of paper-based microfluidic devices.

In this study, four types of Waste Paper Sludge Ash (WPSA) were explored for use as Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) in binary system. The WPSA use varies in particle size range and surface area however similar in chemical composition. At first stage, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was replaced by WPSA at 5% mass to mass basis as blended cement. Four size of WPSA was prepared which are unsieve, retained at 63μm, retained at 45μm and pan. WPSA blended cement (WPSABC) was introduced from the four size of WPSA that prepared earlier. Water to cement ratio selected was 0.50 and it keep constant at all type of blended cement. When compared with the control mix, result shows that hydration kinetics is affected by the particle size of WPSA. Pan WPSA has slightly higher peak of hydration kinetics and compressive strength of blended cement. At second stage, Pan WPSA was selected to undergo the further investigation on its performance. Pan WPSABC were prepared at replacement level of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, mass to mass basis. Same method and w/c ratio was used and compared with control mix. From the result, it is found that the peak for rate of heat evolution of Pan WPSABC occur earlier and slightly lower as compared to OPC. Pan WPSA also achieved it optimum strength at 5% replacement level which is more than control mix.

Test paper problem is a typical multi-constrained objective optimization problem. By using genetic algorithm, this paper analyzes the initial population generation, the chromosome coding and its genetic manipulation, control parameters. Solving that by natural-coded genetic algorithm, improves test paper success rate and convergence rate. This genetic algorithm is applied successfully on NHibernate architecture, and developed "automatic test paper" Online Examination system.

Compared with the lithography and traditional technology, ink-jet printing technology has huge advantages such as reducing costs, improving production efficiency and reducing environment damage. The silver nanoparticles conductive ink used as core material in ink-jet printing technology has been greatly developed. At present, the conductive inks for printed circuit usually has high sintering temperature, low adhesion, poor mechanical properties, high cost, which limit the further industrial application. In this paper, nano silver pulp was prepared through liquid phase reduction method, and a self-made protective agent ensured that the particle size distribution of silver particles is about 5nm. The above silver pulp was dispersed in the organic resin to get conductive ink with 20% (wt%) silver content. Under 170°Csintering, the electrical conductivity of the ink layer was 1.15×104S/m.

This paper proposed an improved method based on adaptive with threshold wavelet transform denoising, according to image is often affected by noise pollution in the process of acquisition and transmission, compared with the advantages and disadvantages of traditional digital filtering method. It extracts the structure information and details of the image. It can adaptively select wavelet transform of optimal decomposition level and soft threshold to achieve the optimal noise reduction effect. The Simulation results demonstrate that this theory can effectively filter Gaussian noise and Salt and pepper noise, at the same time well protect the image details and achieve better visual effects.

Through the comparative study of several enrichment machines ,the performance of the high-speed washer is introduced. The high-speed washer has high dewatering and washing efficiency, he pulp can be concentrated from 0.8% ~ 1.5% consistency to 10% ~ 15%;And it has high ash removal rate and good pulp washing effect also. It can effectively remove the ink particles, fillers, and other small impurities, improve the pulp brightness. At the same time ,the waste paper deinking process treatment systems has been developed.

When we think of paper-folding, we usually think first of the name that is usually associated with it: origami. But in the field of architecture, origami is more than just imagining an animal or flower which is what this word usually brings to mind. In architecture, we extend the meaning to take in the real essence of the word – that of great structural and constructional loads. The basic unit of origami – the fold – allows us to start manipulating space and even to create space itself. Paper-folding, with its spatial modelling potential, is to three-dimensionality what drawing is to two-dimensionality. It is after all an ancient Japanese art which encapsulates the advantages of intuitive thinking and fast modelling, once the basic elements of folding are known. Heino Engel (2001) in his book “Structural Systems”, describes intensive studies on types of structures which derive from this systematization. And the architect Ming Tang often uses structures in his projects which clearly originate in the concept of origami, and he correlates these structures with sustainable materials. The architect Michael Hansmeyer manages to incorporate all the beauty of the action of folding with the help of a computer, where the final result is a shape that approaches a real application at an architectural level. Over time, there have been numerous people who have found a relationship between the harmony and proportions of paper-folding and their own studies and projects. What is missing is a single point where clear concepts on the possibilities of folding and the results of those who have experimented with it can be brought together. This cataloguing, which is being carried out in this Master’s dissertation, is intended to be a contribution to the design method in architecture, through which the architect may achieve spatial dexterity over a piece of paper.

The contribution deals with the possibilities of the use of existing commercially available vectorization programs for recognition drawing entities in raster graphics format obtained by scanning of the engineering drawing. Drawing entities as a line (solid, dashed, dot-dashed etc.), dimension, hatch, various symbols, text, etc., have specific semantic for the designer defined by standards. Expert knows to interpret this graphic language and he knows to create a mental model of the real object. To be able interpret digital content of the engineering drawing obtained by scanning by the form of 3D computer model often requires to perform many intelligent operations. In the first step it is necessary to obtain such vector representation of the scanned drawing to be able to identify the original drawing entities. Suitability of using the contemporary commercial vectorizing programs for engineering drawings was verified on the test sample of the drawing entities and the results are published in the paper.

In this paper, Genetic Algorithm (GA) method has been applied in the moisture control system for auto tuning (PID) parameters. Proportional – Integral – Derivatives control scheme is used to provide an efficient and quiet easier in control engineering applications. Most of the PID tuning methods are used as manually which is difficult and time consuming. Genetic Algorithm which leads to improve the efficiency of tuning of process. The proposed algorithm is used to tune the PID parameters and its performance has been compared with Fuzzy logic techniques.Compare to the fuzzy logic technique dynamic performance specfications such as rise time, peak time and peak overshoot optimal values produced by GA. The plant model represented by the transfer function is obtained by the system identification tool box.

Proportional – Integral – Derivatives control scheme is used to provide an efficient and quiet easier in control engineering applications. Most of the Conventional PID tuning methods are used in manually which is difficult and time consuming. Soft Computing Technique is used to overcome this problem by using Fuzzy logic technique. In this research focuses dynamic performance specification is such as rise time, settling time and peak over shoot. This paper proposes to compare conventional and non-conventional techniques and the result of this comparison, The non-conventional technique (Fuzzy logic) has optimal dynamic performance. The plant model is represented by the transfer function, is obtained by the system identification tool box.

An effective method of trajectory reconstruction is presented in order to identify aerodynamic parameters. A novel smoother URTSS, which can get more optimal ballistic parameters, is introduced because of the biggish error caused by the uncertain initial conditions. Finally the validity of the method is verified by the experimental data. It also proves that URTSS can improves the accuracy of the identification of aerodynamic parameters.

Based on the database of Thomson Reuters, the bibliometric and patent information of China and US in the field of Building Energy Efficiency from 2006 to 2011 are searched. The R&D capacity of China and US in the field of Building Energy Efficiency are compared, the advantageous institutes in this field are identified. The cooperation trend between China and US on Building energy efficiency is analyzed. Some suggestions are proposed based on the data analysis.

A novel method of direct aniline multi-interfacial polymerization on paper substrate is introduced in this paper. Cellulose base papers with and without PAE reinforced were discussed. The PANI-paper composites after more than 3 polymerizations had much lower surface resistivity. Their mechanical strength and thermal stability were analyzed by tensile test and GTA. FTIR results explained that there was strong interaction between NH groups in aniline monomers and OH groups in fibers. Conductive composites made with PAE treated paper had both good thermal stability and good mechanical strength with high conductivity.

With the recognition of sustainable development improving gradually, low carbon campus construction has become a trend in international society. The ecological footprint model is a kind of effective method to measure the sustainable development and have some reference for low carbon campus study. Our case study is the ecological footprint of paper consumption in Dalian University of Technology, China. The results show that nearly 481.60 hm2 of ecologically productive lands were needed to support paper consumption and this means that the land consumed by the university is 2.28 times larger than its physical or built-up land. Within 2011 academic year, the reused paper flow was added up to 237.69 tons, of which library contributed the most with 164.98 tons and the remaining 72.71 tons came from secondhand books obtained from last academic year 2010, finally saved nearly 578.33 hm2 of forest land.

For the regular rectangular paper scraps recovery problem, at first, I used the edge detection based on the improved wavelet analysis to numerically describe the outline of words on each of the pieces. Secondly, screening according to the line spacing to find out paper scraps which are located in the edge. Thirdly, do initial matching to select the best line as a benchmark for two-dimensional double match splicing. At last, I used two-dimensional double match to make the whole stitching come out. In this paper, the data would use the 2013 China National University Mathematical Modeling Competition topic B official data. The model not only can solve the problem of this article, also can be used to solve the problem of similar cutting conditions.

Most of the scientific research engines utilize the same way to rank scientific research papers (SRP), this way is highly depend on the citation network. The retrieved results of these engines for any keyword contain old papers with the highest citation value. In this paper, we proposed a new and easy to implement ranking algorithm for scientific research papers known as Paper Time Ranking Algorithm (PTRA). PTRA is a new ranking algorithm that depends on three factors to rank its results; paper age, citation index and publication venue. To construct and prove our ranking algorithm we created a web crawler that crawl different scientific search papers databases in the world to collect the information that PTRA needs. Unfortunately, some of this information was missing, such as, the impact factor of the journals. To collect this information, we created another crawler that search the Internet for these journals impact factors. However, to prove our ranking algorithm results, we have compared PTRA with Google scholar ranking algorithm. We used Google scholar, since it has more than 50 million papers and its own system can gather and collect papers in a faster way. Our comparison results show that, citation index has the highest impact on Google scholars ranking algorithm results. Unlike PTRA that gains the paper age a higher impact on the ranked results. However, PTRA depends on the citation index and publication venue to rank the results but with less impact than the paper age.

This paper analyzed the reconstruction of cross-cut shredded paper coming from a same printed page, built two association degree optimization models (including edge association degree optimization model and the line space one) based on the characteristics of character information on the edge and line space, and provided the concrete solving process and algorithm for the reconstruction of shredded paper. Moreover, the solving process and algorithm were applied in a reconstruction experiment for pieces of shredded paper from China Undergraduate Mathematical Contest in Modeling (CUMCM 2013B). The results showed that this reconstruction method was effective.

College English examination is an important part of university English education, for the difficult problems in the process of examination organization and management, in this paper, the intelligent test paper composition research based on genetic algorithm. First, basic research, including the basic idea of genetic algorithm, algorithm flow and perform operations on groups; then, studies test paper composition model, the test paper problem described as question number, question types, difficulty, discrimination, score, answer time, using the frequency property and other attributes, constituted seven dimensional vector. Finally, test paper composition design, to generate the initial population, fitness function design, operation operator design, algorithm terminates and others, four key steps were designed. The content of this paper to meet the quality and speed requirements of university English test paper composition, and has the advantages of randomness, scientificalness and so on.

In this paper we analysed application status and reasons of recycled paper, researched physical properties, mechanical properties, optical properties, chemical properties and printing adaptability of recycled paper and tested the important indexes . The test data was compared with ordinary offset paper and there is little difference. The result shows recycled paper can be wildly used for offices, book, paper toys etc.

A set of paper defect extraction IP core based on FPGA is introduced in this paper. Relying on FPGA powerful data processing capabilities and parallel architecture, the paper image acquisition, pre-processing and defect extraction function were achieved in an IP core. The IP core has been testing and running in some paper defect detection and recognition systems. As a result the system was stable and reliable which could ensure to achieve a paper defect extraction function. And it contributes to the design of paper defect detection and recognition system.

This paper provides an automatic method of splicing shredded printed paper which was shredded by shredder. A splicing degree function was defined by using bicubic spline technology. Based on the splicing degree function, a 0-1 mixed integer programming model was used to solve the shredded paper splicing problem. The whole solving process was automatic, and the result was perfect.

Recently, with rapid development of computer/network technology and algorithms for composing test paper, cyber-based online examination system is a practically valuable hot research concern. In the paper, the mathematical model is created for solving problems with the online test paper composition system. Through comparative analysis of merits and shortcomings of various coding schemes, and to overcome the shortcoming that traditional genetic algorithms easily fall into premature convergence, it utilizes the adaptive adjustment method of dynamic parameters and elitist strategy to improve to develop the online test paper forming scheme based on adaptive genetic algorithm. For the selection of each parameter, simulation test is conducted to obtain the solution approximate to the best one.

This paper discusses the regular longitudinalcutting torn scraps of paper splicing. The degree of similarity of two scraps is acquired according to their pixel characteristics. Then this splicing problem can be converted into TSP problem and the Optimization Model can be established. After the leftist torn scrap of paper been found, the remaining paper can be attached one by one according to the pixel characteristics. Finally, the best algorithm of single page Stitching recovery is given by this paper.