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The electric papers have a wide variety of uses like in transformers, cables and power capacitors. Each application involves different requirements related to its mechanical and electric properties. The kraft is the dielectric paper most used due its high mechanical resistance and a dielectric strength of around 5 kV/mm that is increased up to 30 kV/mm when is impregnated with mineral oil and typically has a density of 0.7, nevertheless continuous improvements in the design, for example, of power transformers raise the need to improve its electrical properties particularly those related to its relative permittivity. In this article, structural parameters such as distribution and pore size of kraft paper and theoretical analysis for possible addition of nanofillers to improve their dielectric behavior are reported. A possible and better criterion for designing transformers can be the employment of kraft paper nano-inserted with 5 % of TiO2 or BaTiO3 stew in mineral oil and immersed in natural ester liquid.

The aim of this study was to obtain the effect of drying methods on surface properties and ink penetration. Laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) was used in order to characterize the penetration depth through quantitative analysis. Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration and distribution by LSCM. The results showed that the drying methods had an important role on the surface properties and ink penetration of coated paper. Infrared drying compared with vacuum drying and hot air drying was good to improve the paper properties, which resulted in low roughness, high gloss, low ink absorption and high paper surface efficiency. It could be concluded that infrared drying compared with vacuum drying and hot air drying resulted in the highest print density and better printability.

The paper wooden compound pallets are produced through the processing and assembly by using particle board, paper tubes and PE coated paper board as raw materials. Comparing with traditional wooden flat plate, the new type of green environmental protection pallets has many advantages such as high strength, light weight, low cost, waterproof, anti-moth-eaten, no need fumigation, etc. is an ideal green transport packaging materials for export commodities. The paper discusses and probes into the process and technology of paper wooden compound pallets.

Tertiary treatment wascarried out to treat pulp and paper effluent from secondary treatment processby a three-dimensional electrode system equipped with modifiedbentonites as powdery electrode. The cetyl trimethylammonium bromide modified bentonite (CTAB-bent) and hydroxy-aluminum pillaredorganic bentonite (OH-Al-CTAB-bent) were synthesized and characterized by XRDand FTIR spectroscopy analysis.The impacts such as the dosage of particle electrode, electrolysis times,current density were on the COD removal efficiency and decolorization effect ofeffluent were also investigated. The results showed that the experimentscarried out by three-dimensional electrode system with OH-Al-CTAB-bent weresufficient for the COD and color removal efficiency. A current density of 30mA/cm2, electrolysis time of 40min, and the particle electrodedosage of 1.6g/L were selected as an optimum conditions that allows fast andlow cost treatment. The effluent can achieve the discharge standard of waterpollutants for pulp and paper industry (GB3544-2008) after electrolysis.

What happens in the paper surface about ink absorption is of great important for appearance of final printing. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influence of printing pressure and printing speed on ink layer thickness transferred onto coated paper through quantitative analysis by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Meanwhile, the influence of printing pressure and printing speed on print density and print gloss were obtained. The results implied that higher printing pressure resulted in higher ink layer thickness, print density and print gloss when printing pressure is less than 700N, but higher printing speed resulted in lower ink layer thickness, print density and print gloss when printing pressure is constant. It could be concluded that the coated paper with high printing speed compared with low printing speed resulted in lower ink absorption, lower print density, lower print gloss and worse printability on the condition of same printing pressure.

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of coating solid on surface properties and ink penetration and to characterize the penetration depth through quantitative analysis by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration and distribution by LSCM. The results implied that the surface properties of coated paper could be adjusted and improved by increasing the coating solid. With the increasing of coating solid, ink penetration depth declined and ink penetration uniformity increased. It could be concluded that the coated paper with high coating solid compared with low coating solid resulted in lower ink usage and better printability on the condition of same print density.

The ink penetration behavior depends on the coating surface structure and surface properties of the coating layer in the papermaking process, which include coating recipes and coating conditions, etc. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between binder content and ink absorption using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration and distribution in coated paper by LSCM. The results indicated that higher binder content could result in higher amount ink absorption. With the increasing of binder content, ink penetration depth in coated paper increased. Sample G2 with 20 parts binder produced the most unevenness ink distribution. It could be concluded that the coated paper with 25 parts binder compared with the other samples resulted in higher ink usage and better printing quality.

The purpose of this resarch was investigated the air-oil temperature field distribution under air-oil lubrication and oil lublubrication, meanwhile also study the air-oil lubrication effect under different air velocity inlet the bearing cavities of the high-speed paper machine dryer section. Base on the CFD theory, the temperature field of CARB bearing outer ring and the velocity field of the bearing cavities were simulated by the FLUENT software.Result show that air-oil lubricatin can reach the same cooling effect is contras with oil lubrication in the same heat production by roller; the best air-velocity value of air-oil lubrication system is obtain for the change of temperature and pressure in bearing cavities. It is confirm that the air-oil lubrication is viable in the high-speed paper machine dryer section.

Recycling of waste paper is one of pop topics of pulping and papermaking industry. Deinking technology is the key of recycling of waste paper. It is briefly introduced that methods of waste paper deinking and mechanism of deinking and constitute of deinking agent.

In present time, recycled paper from xerographic and laser-printed wastepaper plays an important role as alternatives to paper from virgin pulp because of their good pulp quality and high amount of wastepaper each year. This type of paper is classified as Mixed Office Wastepaper (MOW). The xerographic and laser-printed inks are usually called “toner” which its formulation is different from conventional ink. This work aimed to investigate paper recycling by flotation deinking process. The flotation experiments were conducted using SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and Triton X-100 (C14H22O(C2H4O)n). The experimental results demonstrated that ink removal was more efficient with the use of non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) than anionic surfactant (SDS). The efficiency of ink removal was determined by ERIC and the pulp’s brightness. In addition, the quality of de-inked pulps was evaluated by pulp physical properties such as burst strength, tear strength and tensile strength.

In present time, recycled paper from xerographic and laser-printed wastepaper plays an important role as alternatives to paper from virgin pulp because of there good pulp quality and high amount of wastepaper each year. This type of paper is classified as Mixed Office Wastepaper (MOW). The xerographic and laser-printed inks are usually called “toner” that mainly consists of styrene-acrylate copolymer. This work investigated paper recycling by washing deinking processes. Experimental parameters were pulp consistencies, amounts and types of surfactant. The resultant pulp of 1.5%consistency and 0.9 wt% of nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100, is the optimum washing deinking process. The resultant pulps have optical and physical properties closed to non-printed paper. Surfactant concentrations were kept below CMC to provide low ink specks, high brigthness and strength on handsheets. The recycled pulp will be use as a raw material for electrical purpose paper.

In this paper, the domestic old book paper(DOBP) was subjected to deinking process. Surface and colloid characterisitics of DOBP deinking pulp(DIP) system was investigated. The relation between surface and colloid characterisitic changes and efficiency of deinking (brightness and residual ink particles content) was studied. Technical conditions that affect the deinking pulp’s colloid chemical behavior were also analyzed here.The results showed that colloid-chemical behavior of DOBP deinking system could be changed during the deinking process. The colloid-chemical behavior, such as Zeta potential and surface tention, had a certain corresponding relation with deinking efficiency of DOBP deinking system. When Zeta potential of the deinking system was more great, and surface tension was more low in a certain range(Zeta potential was -17.0~ -16.0mV and surface tension was 59.0~61.0mN/m), brightness and ink removal efficiency of DOBP will be improved.

The manufacturing process of particle composite for furniture, made of waste paper and wood particle, was studied and discussed in this paper, and an ornament cabinet and a Chinese style teapoy were assembled in the laboratory with the composite. The results showed the mechanical properties of composite made of waste paper, was low. Wood particle was blended with waste paper and made into composite, and the mechanical properties of the composite could meet the demand of particle board for furniture and ornament under the Chinese national standard. The application of waste paper-based composite was feasible technically.

The effect of flotation parameters such as flotation consistency, temperature, flotation time, air to pulp ratio, and velocity of pulp flow (turbulence level) on OMG/MOW deinking efficiency was studied by using a high-consistency laboratory pulper and a laboratory deinking cell. The optimized flotation conditions were: flotation consistency 1.1%, 40°C, 8min, air to pulp ratio 40%, velocity of pulp flow 3.5m/s and pH 9.0. By using the optimized flotation conditions, the deinked pulp brightness could reach 70.56%ISO, 11.78%ISO higher than that of the control, the effective residual ink concentration was 108.46 mg/kg, which less than 378.14mg/kg of the control, theoretic deinking efficiency was up to 88.41%.

Waste paper recycling refers to a process of regeneration-ink and other impurities being removed from waste materials and pulp fibers being recycled. The ink is the main impurity for waste paper. Especially, the residual ink influences the quality of deinking pulp and determines its purpose. Therefore, to expand the scope of deinking pulp use, inks must be removed as much as possible, to reduce the residual volume.

The article introduces each component of feeding paper machine of printing press which are press feet mechanism, paper separation mechanism and paper transfer mechanism, the function and the principle of work. Each mechanism is undertook a variety of designs and we choose the best design of each structure according to its functions. Design adopted is as follows: Press feet mechanism adopts the cam-linkage mechanism; Paper separation mechanism adopts the cam-linkage slider mechanism; Paper transfer mechanism adopts the conjugate cam-linkage slider mechanism. The machine is simple, practical and reliable.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of drying condition on the binder distribution and characterize the binder migration in the method of numerical and visual analysis by Scanning Electrical Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM). In this study, Rhodamine B was used to stain the binder and as the probe to characterize z-directional distribution of the binder using LSCM. The results implied that it was reliable and effective method using LSCM to characterize the z- directional distribution of binder and analyze the influence of dry condition on binder migration. It could be concluded that the dry temperature played an important effect on binder distribution in coated paper and high dry temperature accelerated binder migration to the coating surface, however low drying temperature made binder migrate towards the interior of base paper. Moderate drying is good to binder distribution and coating layer forming.

Based on the study of dielectric response theory and equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation medium, this paper deduces the exponential decay type return voltage function model.It also proposes that rhe function can be resolved with the application of optimization algorithm. Finally, the paper takes a return voltage curve which is tested by the oil-immersed transformer for example.Fitting results verify the accuracy of the calculation. Further more,it also explains that return voltage function model is reliable and practical. Therefore,the model plays a crucial role in the follow-up study of topological structure of equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation.

Relaxation function can well reflect the microscopic polarization mechanism of dielectric. In order to analyze the influence of moisture and temperature on relaxation function of oil-paper insulation, building a physical model of the oil-paper insulation system containing moisture and obtaining the expression of relaxation function. Setting up a testing device for the oil paper insulation dielectric spectroscopy in the laboratory, the parameter values of relaxation function expression were obtained according to test result by Fourier inverse transformation. The results show that the relaxation function containing three relaxation factors are more suited for the relaxation of oil-paper insulation containing moisture content and microscopic polarization mechanism, moisture and temperature have a significant effect on relaxation function.

A proprietary in situ chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process was developed to grow a layer of pyrocarbon on carbon paper preform for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The carbon paper preform is continuously manufactured by dry method. The characteristics of the carbon paper such as surface morphology, polarized light characteristics, and cross-section morphology were characterized using electron microscope, polarized light microscope, respectively. Fuel cell performance of the carbon paper was evaluated using single cell with hydrogen/air at various relative humidity (RH) conditions. The carbon paper with in situ growth of pyrocarbon showed significant improvement in lowering in-plane electrical resistance as well as fuel cell performance at dry condition. The carbon paper as seen under scanning electron microscope showed excellent surface morphology with pyrocarbon connecting carbon fibers tightly by CVD process.

Nano titanium dioxide particles were synthesized by drolysis of TiCl4 through the phase thransfer and pH of the system is adjusted by Na2CO3 At the same time, the particles were characterized by the Transmission Electronic Microscope(TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction(XRD).As the result, it is shown that the TiCl4 solution was transformed from n-octyl alcohol to deionized water phase and reacted with the deionized water at 55°C, the precursors of nano-TiO2—Ti(OH)4 was dried for 6 hours under vacuum at 70°C,then calcined 3 hours in muffle furnace at 400°C.At last, the TiO2 nanoparticles which is uniform distribution, weak agglomeration was synthesized. In addition, wastewater in paper mill treatment with TiO2 nanoparticles was studied by experiment. It is shown that suspended substance and COD in wastewater were brought dwon largely. The mechenism that wastewater was treated is disscussed.

The effect of flotation parameters such as flotation consistency, temperature, flotation time, air to pulp ratio, and turbulence level (velocity of pulp flow) on old book paper deinking efficiency was studied by using a high-consistency laboratory pulper and a laboratory deinking cell. The optimized flotation conditions were: flotation consistency 1.2%, 50°C, 6min, air to pulp ratio 40%, velocity of pulp flow 5.0m/s. By using the optimized flotation conditions, the deinked pulp brightness could reach 77.01%ISO, 9.69%ISO higher than that of the control, the effective residual ink concentration was 175.26 mg/kg, which less than 437.84mg/kg of the control, deinking efficiency was up to 59.97%. After washing process, pulp brightness could reach 84.27%ISO, the effective residual ink concentration was 93.71 mg/kg, deinking efficiency was up to 78.60%.

The system for automatic analysis of test papers needs a algorithm which is efficient and converges fast, Genetic Algorithm is just fit for it.The paper is mainly discuss the basic concept of Genetic Algorithm,three important Genetic operator, the general step of Genetic Algorithm, and introduction of the system for automatic analysis of test papers.We follow the coding,selecting,crossover and mutation of Genetic Algorithm,discuss the process of automatic analysis of test papers.

In this paper, we initially report a new type of wax printing method for rapid fabrication of microfluidic devices in paper using a commercially available, cheap, minitype (home-use) CO2laser engraving machine. This method combines the two core operations commonly involved in all previous wax printing methods, namely the printing and heating (melting) of wax patterns into one operation of engraving home-made wax slice (put in contact with the surface of paper) by laser. The heat produced by the laser makes the wax being engraved melt and then spread into paper to form complete hydrophobic barriers which are used to define the hydrophilic flow channels or separate test microzones. Under the optimized experimental conditions, a typical device on a 3 cm × 3 cm piece of paper could be fabricated separately within ~320 sec and is ready for use once the engraving process is completed. The fabrication resolution and multiplexed analytical capability of the wax-patterned paper were additionally characterized.

In order to prepare the polyurethane with less reliance on the oil resources, natural, renewable castor oil was used as raw materials to replace the traditional oil type polyols. The castor oil-based waterborne polyurethane was synthesized by the reaction of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), castor oil (C.O.), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) and triethyl amine (TEA). The results revealed that the best paper surface strength properties could be obtained under the condition that the mole ratio of TDI to C.O. was 3.0, prepolymerization temperature was 75°C and dosage of hydrophilic chain extender DMPA was 12.1%. In addition, picking speed of paper surface sized by this emulsion increased 2.53 times compared to the unsized paper, from 0.81m/s to 2.86 m/s, Printing ink absorption value and PPS value reduced in a reasonable scope, 60 s Cobb value was below 30 g/m2.

Although advantages of traditional Hough transform of such Good robustness and anti-interference have been found in the process of detection of complex paper diseases such as Streak, fold, however, quantity calculation has imposed limitation on the application of this method in dealing process demanding high instantaneity. Probabilistic Hough Transform fits in a straight line by approach of Hough transform. The approach of selecting fitting points by random drawing and combination with meter counter and output a boundary line where random drawing points locates on condition that such points satisfy limitation of threshold value which has been pre-setted is able to reduce the calculation and period of algorithm operation therefore fitts detection of complex paper diseases demanding high instantaneity.

A newly devised process using micro-electrochemical machining (MECE) is described as a recycling module in the current study. The purpose is the precise removal of In2O3SnO2 thin-film nanostructures from optical PET diaphragm surfaces for digital-paper surface. In the current experiment it was found that a large rotational diameter (Dc) for the cathode with a small gap width between the anode and the PET diaphragm surfaces was found to remove the In2O3SnO2 rapidly. A small edge radius of the cathode, or a short arc length of the anode, reduces the time taken for In2O3SnO2 removal. A high feed rate of the PET and adequate electrical power results in fast machining. Pulsed direct current improves dregs discharge and this is an advantage with a fast feed. A high electrode rotational speed also corresponds to faster removal of the In2O3SnO2 nanostructures. The development of the proposed precision production design is based on both technical and economic considerations.

In this paper, Old Corrugated Container (OCC) was used as the raw material for making paper. The layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly process of creating highly structured thin films was adopted to modify the surface of OCC fibres. Poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) have been used to build up polyelectrolyte multilayers on OCC fibres under a certain condition. Zeta potential analyzer was used to monitor the dynamic adsorption of PDADMAC and HEC with different amount on OCC fibers. Strength measurements of the sheets including tensile index and bursting index were also determined, showing a significant improvement in physical strength with the increase of adsorbed layer number. Compared with not being processed sheets, tensile index and bursting index of sheets from treated fibre with polyelectrolyte multilayers were raised by 36.65% and 49.50%, respectively. Furthermore, filtration time analysis of OCC fibre suspension showed that the built up of PDADMAC and HEC on OCC fibres could improve the fiber-fiber joint strength of joints from polymer-treated fibers, which made the filtration time decline from 30 s to 10.6 s. In addition, SEM was introduced to observe the morphology of the PDADMAC/HEC multilayers. The images revealed that the surface of OCC fibres structured a film like plastic, which could be ascribed to the adsorption layer of polyelectrolyte.

Self-supporting film of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), also known as SWNT paper, is held together by Van der Waals force without any chemical binders. Prepared by vacuum filtration method, SWNT paper was then decorated wirh polypyrrole (PPy) through pulsed potentio amperometric polymerization. The results indicated that the SWNT paper had a typical network structure, after polymerizing PPy, cauliflower-like structure was observed on the surface of SWNT ropes. The composite thin film has good cyclic voltammetry (CV) property and the specific capacitance wass ca.420Fg-1, which was much larger than that of pure SWNT paper.

In this paper two types of oil-paper samples are thermally aged in two temperatures of 120. The samples are constituted by 25# oil, 45# oil and paper. Some aging indicators are measured during the aging process. Three parameters are measured during the aging process. The insulating ability of paper can be evaluated by water content and CO2/CO value. The model of functional relation for degree of polymerization (DP) with CO2/CO value, water content and service period are established by multiple linear regression analysis.

In the offset process, ink penetration performance has extremely important influence on the quality of printed products. Ink penetration behavior and ink transfer volume on the offset paper surface were researched with the aid of IGT printability tester (AIC2-5) in the conditions of temperature 20±3°C and humidity of 60 ± 5%. Effect of different printing pressure and printing speed on the ink penetration depth was discussed, and at the same time, the depth was measured by GX71 Inverted Metallurgical Microscope. The results showed that, with the increasing of printing pressure, the changes of ink penetration depth and the ink transfer volume on offset paper surface were increased firstly and then decreased. When printing pressure was 400N, the ink penetration depth reached the maximum 71.67μm and the ink transfer volume reached the maximum too. With the enhancing of printing speed, ink penetration depth and ink transfer volume would be decreased gradually. The study also found that ink penetration behavior had certain influence on the ink color forming properties. For the offset paper used in this experiment, when ink penetration depth was 60.0μm~63.0μm, the print had high ink color intensity and color efficiency. When the ink penetration depth was too deep, ink color intensity and color efficiency was significantly reduced, while the color hue error would be increased, the print ink color turned shallow.

The goal of the work proposed in this dissertation is to develop a new method for the chrominance measurement and predict the spectral reflectance. Since the special feature of the holographic paper, it can reflect rainbow colors when it is in daylight, and the chrominance and the density of reflected light would change along with the observation angle changing, so when ink is printed, the chrominance and the quality of the products are difficult to detect. In this paper, we followed the convention of radiometry, derived the light distribution regular model of the interaction of light when it printed on holographic papers, and derived a new model to detect the chrominance information by changing the illumination condition. Finally, we established a spectral reflectance model by considering on the propagation of light.

Color management has been applied in the printing industry since 1993. Press papers as one of traditional substrates, its properties impact the quality of color reproductions. At present, almost all kinds of papers contain OBA. OBA works by absorbing ultraviolet wavelengths of the illuminant, emitting fluorescence at blue wavelengths, increasing the amount of light, and making the paper brighter. This effect of OBA is difficult to measure with common spectrophotometers accurately, which creates a mismatch between color proofing and printing. Furthermore, both the printing standards, as ISO 12647-2 defined substrate without fluorescence. It results in some problems in printing conformance using paper with OBA. This research discovered influence of OBA to color samples, derived colorimetric conversion method to correct and compensate the effects of OBA in papers, and demonstrated the efficient of the colorimetric conversion method in color management workflow with soft proofing.

Carbon fiber paper was modified by adding carbon nanotubes to make it reach the demand of gas diffusion layer (GDL) by the process of impregnation with phenolic resin solution dispersed with carbon nanotubes, molding, and carbonization. The properties of modified carbon fiber paper, thickness, density, porosity, gas permeability, specific resistance and tensile strength, were characterized. The results indicate that surface treatment is helpful to disperse carbon nanotubes in phenolic resin. Phenolic resin is used to bond the carbon fibers, and carbon nanotube could reduce the specific resistance of the carbon fiber paper. When carbon nanotube content is 5 %, modified carbon fiber paper is prepared with thickness of 0.30 mm, density of 0.43 g/cm3, porosity of 77 %, gas permeability of 2400 mL•mm/(cm2•h•mmAq), specific resistance of 0.020 Ω•cm and tensile strength of 15 MPa, which basically qualifies for the application requirement.

The precision of transferring paper is key factors to decide the print overprint accuracy, and vibration has an important impact on paper transferring accuracy. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) can be used to extract the features of vibration test signal. According to the intrinsic mode function (IMF) by extracted, it is useful to analyze the dynamic characteristics of swing gripper arm on motion state. Due to the actual conditions of printing, the vibration signal of Paper-Transferring mechanism system is complex quasi periodic signals. Hilbert-Huang marginal spectrum that is based on empirical mode decomposition can solve the problem which is modals leakage by FFT calculated in frequency domain. Through the experimental research, the phase information of impact load at the moment of grippers opening or closing, which can be used for the optimization design of Paper-Transferring system and the improvement in the accuracy of swing gripper arm.

This article does three-dimensional design for feeding device of octavo and color small offset press based on the pro/E software. It analyses the role of each part separately, requirements, and the working principle. And it does the design for the main transmission mechanism. The three-dimensional design of the device provides reference and basis for production and manufacturing of the printing press.

When processing in the manufacture for production of paperboard boxes, there arises amount of waste paper as material, which is subsequently sent for recycling. The paper passes through the first crushing device, which ensures small pieces so that they can be transported by pipeline to a pressing apparatus. Paper material in the molding machine is forced into the pits of suitable size due to the additional handling and transport. So both pipe as well as the molding machine may be so congested with material during the failure that the equipment requires unexpected additional cleaning. The sensor detects the level of waste material in pressing device, thereby avoiding congestion in a timely manner and prevents subsequent failure. The sensor uses the resonant frequency of the oscillating rod. The microprocessor controls and evaluates the response of the rod oscillations. Sensor performance was exposed to qualification tests when it shows ability to operate also in extreme conditions such as dirty and dusty surrounding with high humidity and temperature level. Sensor detects the vibration attenuation at the poles of the rod that is caused by touching different materials. Thus may indicate changing concentration level of a material and not just pieces of paper but for example, also sand or other suitable materials or height of fluid surface.

Graphene is a remarkable material with high electron mobility, good mechanical strength and almost transparent. In this paper, we review the available methods which are chemical vapour deposition, Hummers and electrochemical exfoliation method for the production of graphene. Among the extensive studies in the application of graphene, supercapacitor has gained much attention nowadays. Therefore, we also briefly review the application of graphene as electrodes for the supercapacitor devices.

Graphene oxide (GO) reduction is a promising way for graphene large scale synthesis. Pre-exfoliated graphite was oxidized and reduced. The material was compared to commercial graphene oxide and its reduced sample. The reduction process of graphene oxide is accomplished using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) with variable-valence metal ion – cobalt – assistance. The reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The particle size and suspension stability were determined. Electrical conductivity measurements of GO and RGO samples have been done in temperature range from-150°C to 85°C. Pre-exfoliation effect was determined.

A reduced graphene oxide/nickel (rGO/Ni) composite has been succesfully synthesized using a combination of Marcano’s method for synthesizing graphene oxide (GO), subsequently followed by a facile microwave assisted reduction method. X-ray diffraction results show the presence of graphene and nickel on the prepared samples. In addition, the Fourier Tansform Infrared Spectroscopy measurement showed that the absorption peaks of O-H, C=O, C-OH, and C-O only appear in the GO sample. A Scanning Electron Microscope photograph shows that the morphology of the rGO samples contain nano-layered forms. A Raman spectroscopy characterization of the prepared rGO samples show a peak of G band’s wave number at 1586.5 cm-1. From the calculation of the G band’s wave number, the average number of graphene layers is 1.15.

A new carbon material called graphene has been attracting an increasing research interest owing to its unique electrical and mechanical properties that is useful for the various device applications. The synthesis of graphene from graphene oxide usually involves harmful chemical reducing agents that are toxic and undesirable to human and the environment. By avoiding the use of toxic and environmentally harmful reductants, we report a green approach for the reduction of graphene oxide by using reducing sugars to synthesis graphene. Graphite oxide was synthesized from graphite powder using modified Hummers method. Graphite oxide then further exfoliated to graphene oxide by using ultrasonic irradiation. Graphene then was obtained by the mild reduction of graphene oxide with reducing sugars (glucose, lactose and maltose). The structural study of the as-prepared graphene is characterized by Raman spectroscopy and fourier infra red spectroscopy. Raman and FTIR spectra indicates the partial removal of oxygen functional groups from the surface of GO. Characterizations indicate that graphene oxide is successfully reduced to graphene by sugar.

We measured the resistivity and conductivity behavior of activated carbon and an activated carbon – graphene oxide (GO – AC) hybrid using two point probe method. As graphene oxide is well known as insulator, the effects of different ratio of activated carbon on conductivity of hybrid GO – AC was investigated.

Green composites of Glucose-reduced graphene oxide (GrGO) and manganese (IV) oxide (MnO2) were prepared in a typical chemical synthesis route assisted with ultrasonic irradiation. Conductivity studies conducted via 2-point probe method shows GrGO/MnO2(4:1) possessed electrical conductivity of 30.29 S cm-1with energy band gap of 8.47×10-1eV. The increase of D/G intensity ratio of GrGO with increase MnO2loading indicates more disorder carbon or defects are introduced from the reaction of carbon with MnO4-.

Today, research on graphene and other two-dimensional sp2-hybridized carbon nanomaterials has tremendously impacted the areas of modern chemistry, physics, and materials science and engineering. The significant attraction of these materials can be attributed to the outstanding electrical, optical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of graphene-like materials, especially in comparison to other carbon materials. In this manner, graphene oxide as a substrate for graphene-like materials reduction process is getting more and more interesting. Although early routes to these materials were challenging, significant advances in synthetic and processing methods have enabled access to high-quality exfoliated graphene oxide sheets in appreciable quantities. Herein, we introduced a simple and efficient method for the high-conversion preparation of graphene oxide using a simplified hummer’s method from large graphite flakes (an average flake size of 100 μm). One-pot chemical oxidation of graphite was carried out at room temperature for the preparation purpose. It was found that different degree of oxidation of graphite flakes could be realized by stirring graphite in a mixture of sulphuric acid and potassium permanganate under different oxidation durations, resulting in exfoliated graphene oxide sheets with large lateral dimension and area. The simplified Hummer’s method provides a facile approach for the preparation of large-area exfoliated graphene oxide sheets.

Ink is transferred and sets onto the paper surface in the printing process, which affect printing quality and usage of ink. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of ink type on ink absorption and characterize the penetration depth through quantitative analysis by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration by LSCM. Three-dimensional images of ink pigment penetration were obtained by reconstructing all XY plane images. It could be concluded Common offset printing ink compared with UV offset printing resulted in deeper ink penetration ,uneven ink distribution and lower print density. Because the composition and drying method of UV offset printing ink and common offset printing ink were significant different, penetration depth and distribution uniformity of these two types of offset printing ink in coated paper were distinct.

Using novel dual cathode/electro/Fe2+/S2O82-system to treat pickle sauerkraut wastewater, the paper investigates the influencing factors (S2O82-dosage, Fe2 +dosage, current density, Wastewater pH, electrode plate distance) of the organic matters removal and the treatment effect. Test results show that the degree of various factors influence on COD removal of sauerkraut wastewater is different. The COD removal is little effected by pH, while largely effected by current density, dosage of Fe2 +and S2O82-dosage. Under the optimum experiment conditions, current density for 30mA/cm-2, dosage of Fe2 +for 8mmol/L, S2O82-dosage for 12 mmol/L, electrode plate distance for 2 cm and pH=6, sixty minutes electrolysis, wastewater removal rate reach up to 92.6%. These results suggest that this electrochemical oxidation process by dual cathode/electro-Fe2+-S2O82-system might provide an alternative for the degradation of pickle sauerkraut wastewater.

In this paper, synthesis and fluorescence performance of graphene oxide have been primarily studied. Fistly, graphene oxide with remarkable fluorescence performance was prepared by modified hummer’s method. Secondly, changing the reaction time, the structure and size of graphene oxide were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Malvern Zeta-Size Analyzer, and the effects of different reaction conditions on the XRD patterns of graphene oxide were discussed. Finally, the fluorescence performance of graphene oxide solution were analyzed using fluorescence spectrometer.

The complex nonlinear problem exists between the factors which influence the strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. The nonlinear relationship between input variables as the factors and output variables as the strength can be obtained artificial neural network which have the feature of self-adapting, self-studying and nonlinear mapping. RBF and BP neural network models are established in MATLAB in this paper based on experimental values. Compressive strength and flexural strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete are predicted respectively and comparing with the measured values, predicted values are analyzed. The results show that the predicted values based on RBF tally with the experimental values, and the strength prediction ability of RBF is higher than BP neural network. The needs of engineering can be meet by this method with accurate prediction ability, a new method for the study of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete strength is provided.

Nowadays the traditional dyeing wastewater treatments based on flocculation-biochemical technology become more difficult than before. The study in this paper aim was it to probe how adding rare earths (REs) into iron-carbon micro-electrolysis process to advance dyeing wastewater degradation. Firstly, the principle was discussed. Then the experimental methods were stated and it followed by exploring effect of iron powder size on the dye decolorization rate. Next were design of the micro electrolysis orthogonal experiments and discussion of influences of related factors on waste water treatment. The experimental results show that besides common iron powder particle size and the processing time, the factors that have great influence on dyeing wastewater treatment are Ce4+, pH, La3+ and iron/carbon ratio. The sequence of factors influence on wastewater micro-electrolysis treatment is Ce4+ > pH > La3+ > iron/carbon ratio. When pH is 6, COD removal rate arrives at maximum 89%, however when the pH is in the case of too high or too low, the effect of sewage degradation is not good.

In recent years, with the excellent mechanical properties, good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity and optical properties, Graphene is widely used in many fields such as chemistry, physics and material science .The preparation of graphene have had a very big progress.This paper reviews the chemical preparation methods of graphene and the application of Graphene / Chitosan composite.Then we point out the outlook of the application of the composite materials graphene with other biological macromolecules which are similar with chitosan.