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Circular product design is widely acknowledged as a foundational step for enterprises to implement and establish viable circular business models. To support this objective, it is vital for industrial enterprises to have an easy-to-apply practical design toolkit that can facilitate the assessment and enhancement of product circularity performance. To address this cross-cutting concern, this article proposes a novel framework called the Design for Product Circularity (DfPC) Toolkit which is an extension of our previous "Closing-Slowing Future-Past" (CSFP) quadrant model, the associated fifteen categories of CE-related products, and the associated product circularity index. The present framework aims to provide comprehensive diagnostics and guidelines to enhance product circularity. The original diagnostic approach presented augments the circularity metrics with a hierarchical calculation principle of a product circularity index, from the elementary circularity indexes of components and parts. The DfPC Toolkit design resulted in the presentation of 15 guidelines for design for product circularity, accompanied by 43 strategies and 225 sub-strategies. The findings of this study contribute to product circularity improvement across various industries by offering recommended alternatives for (re)design. In practice, the present DfPC Toolkit has been deployed on an industrial case study and validated through the proposition of valuable circularity-related improvement targets. The DfPC Toolkit provides a practical approach for industrial enterprises to assess and enhance their product circularity performance, ultimately enabling the transition to circular business models.

Small-molecule control of gene expression underlies the function of numerous engineered gene circuits that are capable of environmental sensing, computation, and memory. While many recently developed inducible promoters have been tailor-made for bacteria or mammalian cells, relatively few new systems have been built for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, limiting the scale of synthetic biology work that can be done in yeast. To address this, we created the yeast Tunable Expression Systems Toolkit (yTEST), which contains a set of five extensively characterized inducible promoter systems regulated by the small-molecules doxycycline (Dox), abscisic acid (ABA), danoprevir (DNV), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 5-phenyl-indole-3-acetic acid (5-Ph-IAA). Assembly was made to be compatible with the modular cloning yeast toolkit (MoClo-YTK) to enhance the ease of use and provide a framework to benchmark and standardize each system. Using this approach, we built multiple systems with maximal expression levels greater than those of the strong constitutive TDH3 promoter. Furthermore, each of the five classes of systems could be induced at least 60-fold after a 6 h induction and the highest fold change observed was approximately 300. Thus, yTEST provides a reliable, diverse, and customizable set of inducible promoters to modulate gene expression in yeast for applications in synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and basic research.

We present the design and evaluation of the Movits, a minimalist toolkit for embodied sketching design explorations. The toolkit includes technology probes featuring minimalist wearable digital units that support the hands-on exploration and design of movement-driven interactions using multisensory feedback. The Movits are self-contained and generate audiovisual or vibrotactile patterns in response to movement-based inputs. We present the theoretical and empirical grounding driving our design process. We discuss the fndings of using the Movits during four co-design workshops with design students, technologists, dancers and physiotherapists, where they resulted in being generative and adaptable to a range of embodied design approaches. We contend that the Movits can be favourable for those interested in a holistic design approach to wearables in general and specifcally for those targeting movement-based application domains., Part of ISBN 9798400705830QC 20240827

A major nursing shortage in the healthcare industry is made worse by high turnover rates. Healthcare organizations have used mentoring programs that have been found to enhance job satisfaction, thus improving nurse retention. To address this challenge, this study examined the use of a mentorship program supplemented by an educational toolkit that is specially made to improve nurse retention in long-term care facilities. By offering an organized learning path with resources that address support, effective communication, and cultural competency, the educational toolkit has the potential to enhance mentorship. The objective of this initiative was to equip registered nurses with the resources to mentor licensed vocational nurses with the essential knowledge and support to excel in their positions. Creation of an educational toolkit with various resources such as mnemonics and evidence-based research for mentors to use during the mentorship program. There was also an anonymous box for mentees to utilize for suggestions or concerns. Data was collected during pre- and post-intervention for comparison. This evidence-based project resulted in no change in the attrition of nurse retention in the facility. Timing may be a factor of the results and being unaware of things that were happening in the facility. There was a slight increase with job satisfaction noted in the post-tests. The implications for healthcare organizations are to create and develop a highly skilled, resilient, and contented nursing workforce by addressing the many challenges that nurses face with a mentoring and educational approach.

We developed a shape-changing constructive kit, named Mimosa1. A key component of the toolkit is the modular hinges, each of which is equipped with two antagonistic shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. One wire deforms the hinge to approach its predetermined angle at high temperature, and another wire drives the hinge back when it cools down. Hinge leaves are available in different materials including acrylic, cardboard and textile, which increases the versatility of the toolkit. Every hinge weighs 2.1-5.4 g, and generates up to 5.7 N actuation force. A Bluetooth control module was developed, enabling remote control of the shape-changing objects. Mimosa aims to inspire designers to explore and create interactive shape-morphing objects with SMAs. A few examples are given such as a gripper, a rolling robot, a butterfly, an airplane and a self-closing pocket. A workshop study with 6 participants showed that Mimosa indeed motivated and inspired the participants to create new ideas., Emerging Materials

This project aims to introduce engineering in a way that captures students' interest. In order to motivate studernts to try it out, instead of limited by their past experience. Therefore, expanding the original knowledge of engineering during the design ideation process becomes crucial. Beginning with the identification of factors contributing to the underrepresentation of female students in the field. Additionally, this study collaborates with Cities of Things Lab 010, which strives to incorporate citizens' opinions into the neighbourhood robot design process. Hosting the workshop and making robot development accessible to all citizens. For me, I narrowed down the scope to focus on students. To address the research questions, I conducted a literature review and identified two gaps: limited research on gender learning in STEM for ages above 18 and a scarcity of studies on the male perspective. I conducted surveys to address these gaps. One focused on the educational robotics toolkit, utilizing experiences of female Industrial Design Engineering (IDE) bachelor students (aged 18 to 21). The other survey aimed to understand the male perspective on the current situation in the engineering field. Involving both males and females in crafting the solution creates awareness of the responsibility that everyone plays a role in this situation. It is crucial to emphasize that this thesis does not aim to generate conflict between genders. Instead, its message has the ambition of shaping a world where everyone can choose what they want to do based on their interests, free from gender stereotypes. Furthermore, I defined the design goal of the toolkit based on this message. The design goal of the toolkit is to make everyone feel involved and comfortable to share their opinion in the group discussion. Encouraging the incorporation of different viewpoints and getting inspired by other people’s ideas. Ultimately, broadens the existing original impression o, Integrated Product Design

This is the report of a thesis project by a Design +Change bachelor student that strives to introduce a non-human perspective to children. With the hope of it staying and growing with them to be used in the future to improve our environments and ways of living to be more sustainable. This was done by developing and prototyping activities for a workshop. These activities were then tested with a kindergarten class and ended up being a basis for a toolkit. This toolkit will be used by teachers and pedagogues to introduce and explore a non-human perspective and how it could be used to improve our environments with children in kindergarten.

This work has developed a network toolkit inPython to automatically carry out several network attacks andsecurity vulnerability testing when operating IPv6. Specifically,the program can be used to launch specified practical typesof attacks according to the user’s direction such as DoS(Denial of Service), dumping servers, spoofing or bypassing thefirewall. The essence of these attacks is based on the inherentvulnerabilities of Extension headers, and protocols such asICMPv6 (Internet Control Message Protocol), DHCPv6 (DynamicHost Configuration) Protocol, which are the most importantprotocols in the IPv6 network operation. In addition, the analysisand illustrations have been presented, which can help networkanalysts to have a clearer understanding of the potential dangersthat could arise from implementation of IPv6. From there,they can propose appropriate solutions to eliminate or mitigatedamage when attacks occur.

This work has developed a network toolkit inPython to automatically carry out several network attacks andsecurity vulnerability testing when operating IPv6. Specifically,the program can be used to launch specified practical typesof attacks according to the user’s direction such as DoS(Denial of Service), dumping servers, spoofing or bypassing thefirewall. The essence of these attacks is based on the inherentvulnerabilities of Extension headers, and protocols such asICMPv6 (Internet Control Message Protocol), DHCPv6 (DynamicHost Configuration) Protocol, which are the most importantprotocols in the IPv6 network operation. In addition, the analysisand illustrations have been presented, which can help networkanalysts to have a clearer understanding of the potential dangersthat could arise from implementation of IPv6. From there,they can propose appropriate solutions to eliminate or mitigatedamage when attacks occur.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that is often treated with multiple medications. Managing multiple medications, also known as polypharmacy, can be challenging for persons with MS. Toolkits are instructional resources designed to promote behaviour change. Toolkits may support medication self-management for adults with MS, as they have been useful in other populations with chronic conditions. Objective: The main purpose of this review was to identify and summarize medication self-management toolkits for MS, as related to the design, delivery, components, and measures used to evaluate implementation and/or outcomes. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following guidelines by JBI. Articles were included if they focused on adults (18 years or older) with MS. Results: Six articles reporting on four unique toolkits were included. Most toolkits were technology-based, including mobile or online applications, with only one toolkit being paper-based. The toolkits varied in type, frequency, and duration of medication management support. Varying outcomes were also identified, but there were improvements reported in symptom management, medication adherence, decision-making, and quality of life. The six studies were quantitative in design, with no studies exploring the user experience from a qualitative or mixed-methods design. Conclusions: There is limited research on medication self-management toolkits among adults with MS. Future development, implementation, and evaluation mixed-methods research are needed to explore user experiences and overall design of toolkits.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that is often treated with multiple medications. Managing multiple medications, also known as polypharmacy, can be challenging for persons with MS. Toolkits are instructional resources designed to promote behaviour change. Toolkits may support medication self-management for adults with MS, as they have been useful in other populations with chronic conditions. Objective: The main purpose of this review was to identify and summarize medication self-management toolkits for MS, as related to the design, delivery, components, and measures used to evaluate implementation and/or outcomes. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following guidelines by JBI. Articles were included if they focused on adults (18 years or older) with MS. Results: Six articles reporting on four unique toolkits were included. Most toolkits were technology-based, including mobile or online applications, with only one toolkit being paper-based. The toolkits varied in type, frequency, and duration of medication management support. Varying outcomes were also identified, but there were improvements reported in symptom management, medication adherence, decision-making, and quality of life. The six studies were quantitative in design, with no studies exploring the user experience from a qualitative or mixed-methods design. Conclusions: There is limited research on medication self-management toolkits among adults with MS. Future development, implementation, and evaluation mixed-methods research are needed to explore user experiences and overall design of toolkits.

This is the report of a thesis project by a Design +Change bachelor student that strives to introduce a non-human perspective to children. With the hope of it staying and growing with them to be used in the future to improve our environments and ways of living to be more sustainable. This was done by developing and prototyping activities for a workshop. These activities were then tested with a kindergarten class and ended up being a basis for a toolkit. This toolkit will be used by teachers and pedagogues to introduce and explore a non-human perspective and how it could be used to improve our environments with children in kindergarten.

Este trabajo de final de grado se centra en el desarrollo de una toolkit especializada para Unity, con el propósito de facilitar y optimizar la creación de videojuegos del género roguelike. A lo largo de este documento, se aborda la motivación detrás de la elección de este proyecto, destacando la relevancia de contar con herramientas adecuadas antes de embarcarse en el desarrollo de un videojuego. Se presenta un análisis detallado del estado del arte, explorando el origen y evolución del género roguelike, así como los avances en inteligencia artificial y aprendizaje automático aplicados a este tipo de juegos. Se detalla la metodología adoptada, describiendo las distintas fases y subfases del proyecto, desde la planificación y preparación hasta la documentación y entrega. Además, se discuten las técnicas y herramientas utilizadas, así como el proceso de desarrollo de distintos sistemas, como el sistema de patrones, el sistema del jugador y el sistema enemigo, entre otros. Finalmente, se concluye con una evaluación del proyecto y se esbozan posibles líneas de investigación futura. Este trabajo no solo refleja un esfuerzo académico y profesional, sino también una contribución significativa a la comunidad de desarrolladores, ofreciendo una herramienta valiosa para aquellos interesados en el diseño y desarrollo de videojuegos roguelike.

This work has developed a network toolkit inPython to automatically carry out several network attacks andsecurity vulnerability testing when operating IPv6. Specifically,the program can be used to launch specified practical typesof attacks according to the user’s direction such as DoS(Denial of Service), dumping servers, spoofing or bypassing thefirewall. The essence of these attacks is based on the inherentvulnerabilities of Extension headers, and protocols such asICMPv6 (Internet Control Message Protocol), DHCPv6 (DynamicHost Configuration) Protocol, which are the most importantprotocols in the IPv6 network operation. In addition, the analysisand illustrations have been presented, which can help networkanalysts to have a clearer understanding of the potential dangersthat could arise from implementation of IPv6. From there,they can propose appropriate solutions to eliminate or mitigatedamage when attacks occur.

Virtual reality (VR)-based rehabilitation has been widely implemented to maintain and increase patient motivation during therapy sessions. Researchers nowadays design VR-based rehabilitation by leveraging off-the-shelf VR devices for easy access and application. However, researchers need to implement additional custom hardware or incorporate a specific algorithm to perform a real-time evaluation of each therapeutic movement. This study aims to design and develop a system with features for recognizing and measuring the upper limb rehabilitation movement in VR using off-the-shelf VR devices such as VR headsets, controllers, and trackers. This system is bundled and distributed as a single toolkit to accommodate other researchers in providing the evaluation feature for their VR-based rehabilitation system. The user experiment was conducted to verify the usability of this proposed design system. The experiment results show that the system can recognize 16 upper limb movements and provide several measurement data that researchers can use in providing the evaluation feature based on their design requirements.

This work has developed a network toolkit inPython to automatically carry out several network attacks andsecurity vulnerability testing when operating IPv6. Specifically,the program can be used to launch specified practical typesof attacks according to the user’s direction such as DoS(Denial of Service), dumping servers, spoofing or bypassing thefirewall. The essence of these attacks is based on the inherentvulnerabilities of Extension headers, and protocols such asICMPv6 (Internet Control Message Protocol), DHCPv6 (DynamicHost Configuration) Protocol, which are the most importantprotocols in the IPv6 network operation. In addition, the analysisand illustrations have been presented, which can help networkanalysts to have a clearer understanding of the potential dangersthat could arise from implementation of IPv6. From there,they can propose appropriate solutions to eliminate or mitigatedamage when attacks occur.

This work has developed a network toolkit inPython to automatically carry out several network attacks andsecurity vulnerability testing when operating IPv6. Specifically,the program can be used to launch specified practical typesof attacks according to the user’s direction such as DoS(Denial of Service), dumping servers, spoofing or bypassing thefirewall. The essence of these attacks is based on the inherentvulnerabilities of Extension headers, and protocols such asICMPv6 (Internet Control Message Protocol), DHCPv6 (DynamicHost Configuration) Protocol, which are the most importantprotocols in the IPv6 network operation. In addition, the analysisand illustrations have been presented, which can help networkanalysts to have a clearer understanding of the potential dangersthat could arise from implementation of IPv6. From there,they can propose appropriate solutions to eliminate or mitigatedamage when attacks occur.

This work has developed a network toolkit inPython to automatically carry out several network attacks andsecurity vulnerability testing when operating IPv6. Specifically,the program can be used to launch specified practical typesof attacks according to the user’s direction such as DoS(Denial of Service), dumping servers, spoofing or bypassing thefirewall. The essence of these attacks is based on the inherentvulnerabilities of Extension headers, and protocols such asICMPv6 (Internet Control Message Protocol), DHCPv6 (DynamicHost Configuration) Protocol, which are the most importantprotocols in the IPv6 network operation. In addition, the analysisand illustrations have been presented, which can help networkanalysts to have a clearer understanding of the potential dangersthat could arise from implementation of IPv6. From there,they can propose appropriate solutions to eliminate or mitigatedamage when attacks occur.

The study develops the 'Ostrakinda' toolkit for teaching morphologies of ancient Mediterranean cities. The methodology consists of a triple structure involving design, play, and analysis phases. In the design phase, the level of interest and actual demands of students regarding game-based learning (GBL) and ancient cities were explored through pre-experiments. The play phase involved experimental studies conducted in courses and workshops, where both physical and digital toolkits were tested by a total of 331 students. The analysis phase aimed to evaluate the impact of the game by systematically addressing five research questions. The results of the paired t-test confirm a significant difference in scores before and after playing the game, thus validating the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Additionally, Chi-square (X2) tests revealed significant relationships between the form of play and the level of abstraction in the game outputs. Individual and group experiences during gameplay were associated with various interactions, and group experiences particularly fostered competitive and collaborative learning. The extensive analysis using the GBL Design Scale, comprising ten critical factors (GBL-Fn), showed that the challenge factor (F8) had the weakest values, while fantasy (F5) and narrative (F6) had the highest values in the correlation matrix. Overall, the study contributes methodologically and contextually to the existing literature, offering valuable findings for the future development of similar strategies in architectural education. However, it is important to acknowledge the limitations of this interdisciplinary study, particularly with regards to technical, cognitive, and archaeological aspects. Nevertheless, the clear and effective structure of the game holds promise as a valuable tool for learning.

This work describes the application of user-centred design (UCD) and co-creation tools in the design and development process of an online toolkit that aims to tackle the digital divide in the mobility sector. UCD and co-creation approaches aim to address and understand users’ needs. This paper details the process of co-creation of the toolkit and reflects on its current results. The design process was based on a first phase of understanding the context and defining the users and their needs, followed by a second phase of co-creating the solution and a final phase of evaluating and testing the toolkit usage and co-creation process. A set of mixed methods employed based on UCD and involving different target groups as end-users has resulted in qualitative data that will feed and strengthen the process of co-creation and the final implementation of the toolkit. Beyond the set of tools presented on the website, the approach followed promotes co-creation, collaboration, and participation as key elements to enhance inclusion and accessibility in mobility ecosystems., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Having directly observed one of the most rapidly spreading global pandemics, we understand more than ever the power of contagion. In today’s interconnected world, trends originating in one corner, whether it’s a disease, clothing fashion, or an online social media challenge, can swiftly gain momentum on the opposite side of the globe, often within a matter of days or even hours. This rapid diffusion is enabled by our globalised world and developments in technology and ICT. Social networks and social influence are strong influencers in shaping our attitudes and behaviour. However, this influence can be a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it brings people and cultures together, it facilitates the exchange of information and resources. On the other hand, it can be easily exploited to spread misinformation and exert pressure on individuals to engage in negative behaviours like smoking or violence. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as ‘social contagion.’ In this handbook you can find the result of ENRGISED: Engaging Residents in green energy investments through social networks, complexity and design. In 2019 we saw an impasse in the Dutch energy transition, where many technologies were available but not many people were taking action. Since then, global events, such as Covid 19 and the invasion of Ukraine, have disrupted our world and the energy market. In the midst of these changes we conducted our research. Between 2020 and 2023, we studied the use of social contagion - social influence and the effect of social networks - towards the energy transition in neighbourhoods in the Netherlands., Design for Sustainability

Falls are common events occurring across the country in health care facilities. As a result, patients may experience chronic pain, functional decline, fear, or disability as a result. Meanwhile, health care organizations face increased cost of care and prolonged patient length of stay. A multifaceted prevention plan offers great potential for organizations to impact fall rates. When used as part of a multifocal approach to care, toolkits can be effective in facilitating evidence use in practice and impacting outcomes. The purpose of this project was to evaluate if the implementation of a falls prevention toolkit impacted the rate of falls and falls with injury within a medical surgical unit. Experimental in nature, this project took place over the course of 3 months. Staff were educated and laminated posters were hung in each patient room. These posters allowed the staff, patient, and family to engage in fall prevention. Falls, falls with injury, staff knowledge, and confidence were measured pre- and post-intervention. While there was an increase in falls, the number of falls with injury remained unchanged. Staff members were assessed before and after the pilot for changes in fall knowledge and confidence. A paired t-test suggested no statistical difference in fall knowledge before and after the initiative (p = .17) or in confidence (p = .59). Mitigating falls and falls with injury within a healthcare setting requires a multifaceted approach to care, and using a toolkit is a proven way to hardwire practices. While the current results did not show significant changes in any of the identified outcomes, continued utilization of this evidence-based strategy may prove beneficial on a larger scale and with adjustments to the educational plan and leverage of the electronic medical record.

Global temperatures are rising, and climate change is leading to an increase in extreme weather events such as heatwaves, droughts, floods, storms and fires (WMO, 2022). The increase in unusually hot days and heatwaves is also noticeable in Melbourne, Australia. By 2050, Melbourne is projected to have an annual average of 16 hot days above 35°C (DELWP, 2019). Extreme heat and heat waves have significant impacts on people's health, the economy, the environment and the city’s infrastructure assets. To address this issue, this graduation project focused on the development of a toolkit that engages different stakeholders in the design of heat-adapted streetscapes for a cool pedestrian network in Melbourne. Research into the shortcomings of existing often text-heavy cooling toolkits motivated the aim of making the new toolkit tangible and interactive. Literature research identified suitable cooling interventions for Melbourne's climate, while insights from placemaking research inspired the inclusion of placemaking, wayfinding, and walkability aspects into the toolkit to address the overall pedestrian experience beyond just cooling. Based on the research findings, the toolkit was developed and refined through interactive feedback sessions with the council. The final design was tested through co-design workshops in which the city council and citizens trialled the toolkit by developing a streetscape concept for Drewery Lane in Melbourne. The developed toolkit suggests a new approach to developing heat-adapted public spaces. While existing cooling toolkits are mainly text-heavy documents targeted at governments, planners and policymakers, this new toolkit aims to engage both experts (such as the council and design practitioners) and non-experts (such as citizens) to collaboratively develop concepts for cool streetscapes in Melbourne. Through its gamified approach, the toolkit provides an interactive and engaging manner of exchanging knowledge by 1) learning, Integrated Product Design

The present research delves into the social aspects of food, commensality, and food rituals. It investigates the interplay between embodied gestures, artifacts, and language in shaping food cultures. To do this, the study delves into the acculturation of dietary habits within two multicultural communities in the Netherlands, mixed households of Turkish-Dutch and Dutch-Surinamese individuals. Recent years have seen a shift in food studies towards recognizing food as a cultural practice embedded in embodied experiences, social interactions, and language usage. This exploration extends to food rituals, reflecting and reproducing social norms and values, while language in the culinary world serves as a dynamic space for intercultural communication and identity negotiation. The complexity of multicultural contexts poses a challenge for designers aiming to develop inclusive solutions that resonate with diverse cultural perspectives. Context mapping techniques have emerged to address this, offering designers insights into users' contexts, including their cultural and linguistic dimensions. However, ethical considerations and the need for a robust framework for ritual observations demand reliable tools. To this end, the Ritualia toolkit was developed. It provides a systematic approach to observing and analyzing rituals, guiding designers in understanding the material world with artifacts, habitual actions and gestures, roles played by diners, and the language they use in food contexts. This toolkit equips designers and practitioners with the means to navigate the intricacies of diverse cultural settings, fostering culturally sensitive design solutions. By relying on solid anthropological and cultural frameworks, these toolkit contributes to bridging the disciplines of interest for gaining a deeper understanding of cultural practices and values. Applying an interdisciplinary approach allows designers to engage with diverse cultural contexts, crafting c, Design for Interaction

Society currently faces many complex and significant challenges, dilemmas that lack straightforward solutions and are deeply interconnected. These problems demand a transformative approach that involves reevaluating people’s values, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. Amidst these ongoing challenges, there is a collective hint of pessimism regarding society’s perception to effectively overcome them. To navigate this era of transformative change, it becomes increasingly critical to engage in dialogue and define future goals. However, the process of generating specific visions and objectives for the future currently lacks guidance. This project seeks to bridge this gap by integrating futuring methods, creativity, co-creation, and Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI has the ability to enhance the abilities of people in this process. Through this innovative approach, the aim is to empower collective envisioning and goal-setting, enabling individuals and organizations to actively explore and shape desirable futures. More positive images of the future can motivate the broader collective as well. The initial phase of the project involved an extensive exploration of existing literature on co-creation, future visions, the impact of positive future visions, creativity, and AI. In-depth interviews provided valuable insights from each distinct aspect: creating art with AI, facilitating co-creation, and developing future visions. Furthermore, a cultural probe shed light on the aspects individuals require more guidance in when contemplating the future. The findings underscored the relative ease with which people envisioned negative futures, and potential future inventions, while demonstrating a lesser emphasis on the underlying rationale and societal value of these inventions. Additionally, the perceived difficulty level varied considerably, and the outcomes were diverse. In this regard, the utilization of tools can prove beneficial, facilitating smoother and more, Design for Interaction

In this hands-on demonstration, people are invited to use a newly developed toolkit to scrutinize their attitude and preferences towards digital social and affective touch interactions.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that is often treated with multiple medications. Managing multiple medications, also known as polypharmacy, can be challenging for persons with MS. Toolkits are instructional resources designed to promote behaviour change. Toolkits may support medication self-management for adults with MS, as they have been useful in other populations with chronic conditions. Objective: The main purpose of this review was to identify and summarize medication self-management toolkits for MS, as related to the design, delivery, components, and measures used to evaluate implementation and/or outcomes. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following guidelines by JBI. Articles were included if they focused on adults (18 years or older) with MS. Results: Six articles reporting on four unique toolkits were included. Most toolkits were technology-based, including mobile or online applications, with only one toolkit being paper-based. The toolkits varied in type, frequency, and duration of medication management support. Varying outcomes were also identified, but there were improvements reported in symptom management, medication adherence, decision-making, and quality of life. The six studies were quantitative in design, with no studies exploring the user experience from a qualitative or mixed-methods design. Conclusions: There is limited research on medication self-management toolkits among adults with MS. Future development, implementation, and evaluation mixed-methods research are needed to explore user experiences and overall design of toolkits.

Due to the high risk of cardiovascular disease and other negative complications, it is imperative that patients in the primary care clinic diagnosed with hypertension control blood pressure levels. The purpose of this scholarly project was to increase the initiation of self-management goals (SMGs) among adult males and females age 30 to 60 diagnosed with hypertension. These patients were active duty military, reservists, and dependent beneficiaries who receive care at the Navy Medicine Readiness Training Unit–Memphis. The practice change took the onus of introduction and education about SMGs off the provider and added key responsibilities to support staff, who provided handouts and education to patients via a SMG toolkit. The goal was to minimize time needed for providers to focus on SMGs and to increase the initiation of SMGs through the utilization of support staff. Through patient education about SMGs and lifestyle goal setting, the hope was to improve clinical outcomes and improve the participating patients’ health. Navy Medicine Readiness Training Unit–Memphis did not have a SMG process, and had not been in compliance with Joint Commission mandates for the initiation and documentation of SMGs for patients with chronic conditions. Through staff education, training, delivery of proper educational materials via a SMG toolkit, and the attainment of information from the electronic medical record Genesis, initiation and documentation of SMGs among adult patients diagnosed with hypertension improved to 62.5% from the current baseline.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that is often treated with multiple medications. Managing multiple medications, also known as polypharmacy, can be challenging for persons with MS. Toolkits are instructional resources designed to promote behaviour change. Toolkits may support medication self-management for adults with MS, as they have been useful in other populations with chronic conditions. Objective: The main purpose of this review was to identify and summarize medication self-management toolkits for MS, as related to the design, delivery, components, and measures used to evaluate implementation and/or outcomes. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following guidelines by JBI. Articles were included if they focused on adults (18 years or older) with MS. Results: Six articles reporting on four unique toolkits were included. Most toolkits were technology-based, including mobile or online applications, with only one toolkit being paper-based. The toolkits varied in type, frequency, and duration of medication management support. Varying outcomes were also identified, but there were improvements reported in symptom management, medication adherence, decision-making, and quality of life. The six studies were quantitative in design, with no studies exploring the user experience from a qualitative or mixed-methods design. Conclusions: There is limited research on medication self-management toolkits among adults with MS. Future development, implementation, and evaluation mixed-methods research are needed to explore user experiences and overall design of toolkits.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that is often treated with multiple medications. Managing multiple medications, also known as polypharmacy, can be challenging for persons with MS. Toolkits are instructional resources designed to promote behaviour change. Toolkits may support medication self-management for adults with MS, as they have been useful in other populations with chronic conditions. Objective: The main purpose of this review was to identify and summarize medication self-management toolkits for MS, as related to the design, delivery, components, and measures used to evaluate implementation and/or outcomes. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following guidelines by JBI. Articles were included if they focused on adults (18 years or older) with MS. Results: Six articles reporting on four unique toolkits were included. Most toolkits were technology-based, including mobile or online applications, with only one toolkit being paper-based. The toolkits varied in type, frequency, and duration of medication management support. Varying outcomes were also identified, but there were improvements reported in symptom management, medication adherence, decision-making, and quality of life. The six studies were quantitative in design, with no studies exploring the user experience from a qualitative or mixed-methods design. Conclusions: There is limited research on medication self-management toolkits among adults with MS. Future development, implementation, and evaluation mixed-methods research are needed to explore user experiences and overall design of toolkits.

As architects encounter challenges when comprehending and fulfilling the requirements of users and other stakeholders involved in the architectural design project, participatory design, which involves non-architects in the design process, is perceived as one of the solutions. It is a developing practice that can lead to greater engagement of non-architects in the architectural design process and create designs that meet the needs and values of all participants. Through field research, design, and iterations in workshops, a participatory design toolkit was proposed. It was designed for architects and users to communicate and accommodate personal, organizational, and spatial needs in the early phase of architectural design. The toolkit consists of three sessions supported by visual aids: the creation of common goals, unfolding spatial needs, and accommodating spatial needs. Communication starts with sharing personal and organizational values to formulate common goals, followed by exploration and identification on spatial needs of building users in relation to the common goals, and ends with collective visualization to accommodate needs with the architectural design. Overall, this project highlighted the importance of participatory design in the architectural design process and the challenges and successes that can be experienced when incorporating it into practice. It suggested that by involving non-architects in the design process, architects and users can communicate their knowledge, need, and value, leading to appropriate architectural designs that are functional, aesthetically pleasing, and meet the needs of all stakeholders. This project was organized with Kraaijvanger Architects, an architectural firm located in Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Strategic Product Design

Public and private organisations have several instruments at hand to reduce consumer demand for energy. These instruments can take the form of information campaigns, various subsidy programs, or regulations to encourage consumers to adopt greener technology, develop energy-efficient habits or travel more sustainably. However, the well-intended programs often stumble over people’s unwillingness to change, lack of interest, or limited attention. As part of this workshop, we will introduce an online toolkit developed by the Users TCP Behavioural Insights Platform that helps policymakers consider psychological factors that might affect the success of their policy. In the workshop, participants will learn how use the tool to make energy programs and policies more behaviourally informed and ultimately more likely to succeed., Organisation & Governance

The Misinformation Toolkit, built collaboratively by a team of librarians and library student staff, gives anyone interested in designing a lesson on misinformation the tools to do so. The core principles of the toolkit are that misinformation is a systemic issue and the best way to combat it is through a collaborative learning environment that gives participants many opportunities to reflect, share, and explore together. This session will present some background on the creation of the toolkit and then demonstrate using the toolkit. After this presentation we hope that participants will feel empowered to use the toolkit to build their own lesson on misinformation!

Smallholders are the backbone of livelihoods in the Global South. Yet, many remain water- and energy-insecure. For this challenge, this study presents a toolkit to stimulate the sustained adoption of renewable energy-powered water pumps for smallholder irrigation. A human-centered design method was used to co-create it. It first consisted of a prototype that was tested by experts. Their feedback was crucial to further improving the toolkit, thereby making it a more robust instrument. The design posed limitations worth considering in future research. Additionally, the spread of water pumps implies environmental and economic concerns. To enhance its benefits, the toolkit still requires thorough testing in diverse contexts., Water Resources

This thesis set out to explore the meaning of autonomy and use this knowledge to create a tool for designers to communicate the complexity of the concept with their clients. In today’s society, we value autonomy and we strive to ensure that everyone can lead their life as autonomous as possible. In fact, we view autonomy as ultimate independence and freedom from outside influence. But by insisting so hard on independence and personal responsibility, it can feel like failing if you do not manage to do everything on your own. From the research done in this project, it was found that autonomy is more than being able to do everything yourself. Autonomy actually means making decisions and doing things in a way that you like or need. This can also mean that you do not want, can or should do it alone and that you need or want to be supported by the world around you. You decide yourself, as an individual, who or what can provide that support. The relationships you are part of are part of the context you are in and which can support you the way you want. The insights gained throughout the project are boiled down into a comprehensible framework explaining the different components of autonomy: the individual, important relationships, boundaries of support, and the context. Exploring the framework with designers revealed that the framework could be implemented throughout the design process in different capacities. As the first step to designing with autonomy is understanding what autonomy is, the choice was made to come up with a design for the first phase of the design process. The framework has served as the foundation for the development of a toolkit for designers. The Autonomie voor/in/met/en Design toolkit supports designers in communicating the importance and complexity of autonomy with their clients at the start of a project, by providing tools to uncover assumptions the client might have regarding the autonomy of their target group. While the toolkit is designed for the, Design for Interaction

Royal Schiphol Group is the overarching organisation of multiple airports, among which Amsterdam Schiphol Airport. As the world around these airports is quickly changing with aviation under pressure, and a huge amount of new potential modalities, RSG is in need of an approach to deal with new kinds of modalities. This project was executed for the Innovation Hub, part of the department of Strategy & Airport Planning withing RSG. The initial assignment was to find a way in which RSG could identify and select modalities with potential. During the project, first the context was outlined by analysing the organisation of RSG and the environment in which they are operating. After this literature concerning open innovation has been compared to the way RSG handles external innovations at the moment, as this is how RSG can strengthen their MMH position further. It appeared that currently RSG misses a structured approach to handle new modalities. RSG therefore needs a strategy and a corresponding way to assess innovative modalities. An extra exploration was done, consisting of literature, interviews, observations and internal documents, which led to design principles for the strategy and the toolkit (wat waren deze). In the end a strategy is developed in which 4 steps (identifying, identified, assessing, choosing) were included. In this strategy RSG is encouraged to connect more to the world of mobility and its future with the use of an orchestrator, positioned in-between the innovation hub and a newly acquired scouting team. Executing these steps would lead to a decision on the fifth step: engaging. In the developped strategy, RSG shifts from reacting on modalities to proactively monitoring the world of mobility by providing structure in searching. In this way they can connect to this future world of mobility and by regularly assessing modalities, Schiphol can quickly change direction if necessary. Within the strategy, an orchestrator is present to lead, Strategic Product Design

This work presents the Co-Creation Space, a multilingual platform for professional and community artists to 1) generate raw artistic ideas, and 2) discuss and reflect on the shared meaning of those ideas. The paper describes the architecture and the technology behind the platform, and how it was used to facilitate the communication process during several user trials. By supporting ideation sessions around media items guided by a facilitator and allowing users to express themselves and be part of the creation of an artistic product, participants were enabled to access new cultural spaces and be part of the creative process., Multimedia Computing

This work presents the Co-Creation Space, a multilingual platform for professional and community artists to 1) generate raw artistic ideas, and 2) discuss and reflect on the shared meaning of those ideas. The paper describes the architecture and the technology behind the platform, and how it was used to facilitate the communication process during several user trials. By supporting ideation sessions around media items guided by a facilitator and allowing users to express themselves and be part of the creation of an artistic product, participants were enabled to access new cultural spaces and be part of the creative process.

70% of the change initiatives fail to achieve their objectives (Kerber & Buono, 2005). Peak4 is a consultancy firm that helps companies implement change by focusing on culture, human interactions, and personal guidance on four levels: physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual. The project’s objective is to explore how creativity techniques can be used to increase the impact of the Peak4 programs by analyzing the client’s needs, values and expectations with a more standardized approach. Readiness for change was found to be an important factor in the implementation of planned change initiatives. It influences both the innovation process of an organization, and the organizational culture, both a focus of the Peak4 service. Creativity is the fuel of innovation. The use of creativity techniques can target the client’s motivation, readiness for change, and acquire insights into the situation and different perspectives within the client’s organization, targeting knowledge of multiple levels of deepness. Moreover, the use of surprising creativity techniques, fits the style of current Peak4 interactions. Peak4 currently uses the initial client inquiry as a foundation for their design and change process. However, a problem changes when more information on the context is uncovered throughout the process. A more iterative approach is advised to tackle the Kerber and Buono problem, and improve the Peak4 impact. With the current growth of Peak4, change and professionalization are high priority. This comes with the concern that a more rigid structure and approach is not in line with Peak4 values and culture. The most important strength of the Peak4 is its strong, personal connection with the client, resulting in tailor made programs with sustainable impact. The greatest opportunity for a to be designed toolkit can be found in the sales phase of the Peak4 process. Focusing on the beginning of the process allows the follow up steps in the process to, Strategic Product Design

Designing wearables is a complex task that includes many layers, such as wearability, interactivity, functionality, social and cultural considerations. For decades now, prototyping toolkits are proposed to aid diverse types of audiences in exploring the design of smart accessories and garments. However, the task of designing toolkits for wearables has not received a comprehensive discussion and systematic reflection. In this workshop, we look into challenges, opportunities, and lessons learned in using, developing and evaluating wearable toolkits by focusing on their target groups, purposes, effects on the final designs. By bringing together researchers and practitioners who are experienced with the design, use and assessment of wearable toolkits, we see a particular opportunity in providing a broader perspective on defining the future of wearable toolkit designs.

Take a Social Break is a design project investigating how to use visual communication as a tool to relieve stress and anxiety for university students at Linnaeus University, through creative workshops by conducting crafting and creative activities.The purpose of this project is to help students improve their mental wellbeing through the practice of crafting. The project aims to form creative workshops through the use of a workshop toolkit. During workshops, LNU students gather in a safe space as a community and have a chance to unwind from all the stress of student life by doing creative activities together. Students are invited to conduct something different from the routine, as a way to distract from daily stress. The change aspect of the project is to introduce to Linnaeus University a new activity for students that has a focus on their mental wellbeing but which is organised by students for students.

Recipe for the Future is a toolkit for change-making through speculative design and food. It is a guide for a workshop to help participants imagine what the future of food could look like. It introduces the method of speculative cooking, where speculative objects and food-related future scans allow the imagination of a different world, a different future. This tool is used to allow minds to let go of the constraints of the present reality and see how else things could be. Question the social imaginaries and understand that it is not the only way we can live. As a future scenario is created, the engagement with the complexities of sustainability and climate change is unavoidable.

The Misinformation Toolkit, built collaboratively by a team of librarians and library student staff, gives anyone interested in designing a lesson on misinformation the tools to do so. The core principles of the toolkit are that misinformation is a systemic issue and the best way to combat it is through a collaborative learning environment that gives participants many opportunities to reflect, share, and explore together. This session will present some background on the creation of the toolkit and then demonstrate using the toolkit. After this presentation we hope that participants will feel empowered to use the toolkit to build their own lesson on misinformation!

Engineering has a significant cultural component in addition to its widespread perception as an engine of innovation and economic growth. This cultural component corresponds to how users and communities react or adapt to technological innovations and their influence on the advancement of such innovations. Hence, it is critical to prioritize the social aspect as much as the technical aspect of the energy transition. With the fast-growing world and its energy demand, it becomes necessary to shift renewable energy-producing technologies to keep this planet habitable. But during the transition, it is essential to maintain the flexibility, reliability, availability, and robustness of the current energy system. With multiple actors involved in the energy system, it becomes inevitable to have a united front to make an effective transition and offer holistic solutions to the challenges. For this, communication among them is important. This thesis has contributed to developing a toolkit catering to the cultural component of engineering and bringing different actors in the energy system to the same platform. It takes the route of co-simulation and modelling of energy system components. The modular and user-centred design of the toolkit helps to educate the communities to increase their acceptance of renewables, educate students about recent changes in the energy system, and foster communication among domain experts by simulating the challenges of energy transition and system integration. Illuminator's table top approach makes it easy for users to operate and understand the energy system demonstrations. The outcomes show example demonstrations simulated for a specific group of users by leveraging Illuminator's modularity, table top approach, and scalability., Electrical Engineering | Sustainable Energy Technology

El desenvolupament digital de les eines de mobilitat estan provocant un canvi de paradigma en la mobilitat, però pot excloure als qui no tenen accés a les eines digitals o els resulta difícil utilitzar-les per diverses raons. Això pot comportar majors desigualtats socials i limitar el desenvolupament urbà sostenible en diferents dimensions. Aquest projecte es basa en la co-creació d’un toolkit, una plataforma digital emmarcada en el projecte europeu H2020 DIGNITY. L'objectiu general del DIGNITY és fomentar un ecosistema de mobilitat digital sostenible, integrat i fàcil d’usar que millori l'accessibilitat i la inclusió social. Aquest toolkit presenta una metodologia amb eines sobre com avaluar i fer front a la bretxa digital per promoure la inclusió en la mobilitat. El toolkit està adreçat principalment a policymakers, proveïdors i operadors de mobilitat. La recerca s’ha basat en el procés de co-creació i el disseny centrat en l’usuari, amb la finalitat d’identificar les necessitats dels usuaris finals d’aquest toolkit, per a poder incloure’ls i tenir-los en compte durant tot el procés. S’ha seguit un procés de tres fases. La primera fase (framing) ha consistit a entendre la problemàtica i identificar les necessitats, fent una revisió de la literatura, creant un mapa de stakeholders, fent un benchmarking i entrevistes. Durant la segona fase (bridging), orientada a co-crear la solució, s’ha realitzat un taller de co-creació amb stakeholders rellevants, i s’ha dissenyat l’arquitectura web, prototips i una llista de requisits per assegurar que es tindran en compte necessitats dels usuaris finals. La tercera fase (evaluating) es basa en una proposta d'eines que consisteix en una avaluació d'accessibilitat, un taller de validació amb els stakeholders i un qüestionari als usuaris finals del toolkit, a completar durant la fase final del projecte., El desarrollo digital de las herramientas de movilidad están provocando un cambio de paradigma en la movilidad, pero puede excluir a quienes no tienen acceso a las herramientas digitales o los resulta difícil utilizarlas por varias razones. Esto puede comportar mayores desigualdades sociales y limitar el desarrollo urbano sostenible en diferentes dimensiones. Este proyecto se basa en la co-creación de un toolkit, una plataforma digital enmarcada en el proyecto europeo H2020 DIGNITY. El objetivo general del DIGNITY es fomentar un ecosistema de movilidad digital sostenible, integrado y fácil de usar que mejore la accesibilidad y la inclusión social. Este toolkit presenta una metodología con herramientas sobre como evaluar y hacer frente a la brecha digital para promover la inclusión en la movilidad. Lo toolkit está dirigido principalmente a policymakers, proveedores y operadores de movilidad. La investigación se ha basado en el proceso de co-creación y el diseño centrado en el usuario, con el fin de identificar las necesidades de los usuarios finales de este toolkit, para poder incluirlos y tenerlos en cuenta durante todo el proceso. Se ha seguido un proceso de tres fases. La primera fase (framing) ha consistido a entender la problemática e identificar las necesidades, haciendo una revisión de la literatura, creando un mapa de stakeholders, haciendo un benchmarking y entrevistas. Durante la segunda fase (bridging), orientada a co-crear la solución, se ha realizado un taller de co-creación con stakeholders relevantes, y se ha diseñado la arquitectura web, prototipos y una lista de requisitos para asegurar que se tendrán en cuenta necesidades de los usuarios finales. La tercera fase (evaluating) se basa en una propuesta de herramientas que consiste en una evaluación de accesibilidad, un taller de validación con los stakeholders y un cuestionario a los usuarios finales del toolkit, a completar durante la fase final del proyecto., Digital development of mobility tools is causing a paradigm shift in mobility, but it may exclude those who do not have access to digital tools or find it difficult to use them for various reasons. This may lead to greater social inequalities and limit sustainable urban development in different dimensions. This project is based on the co-creation of a toolkit, a digital platform framed in the European H2020 DIGNITY project. The general objective of DIGNITY is to promote an ecosystem of sustainable, integrated and user-friendly digital mobility that improves accessibility and social inclusion. This toolkit presents a methodology with tools on how to evaluate and tackle the digital divide to promote inclusion in mobility. The toolkit is primarily targeted at policymakers, suppliers and mobility operators. Research has been based on the user-centred design and co-creation process, in order to identify the needs of end users of this toolkit, so that they can be included and taken into account throughout the process. A three-phase process has been followed. The first phase (framing) has consisted of understanding the problem and identifying needs, reviewing literature, creating a list of stakeholders, benchmarking and interviews. During the second phase (bridging), aimed at co-creating the solution, a co-creation workshop with relevant stakeholders has been carried out, and web architecture, prototypes and a list of requirements with users' needs have been designed. The third phase (evaluating) is based on a tool proposal consisting of an accessibility assessment, a validation workshop with the stakeholders and a questionnaire to end users of the toolkit, to be completed during the final phase of the project.

Para poder ayudar a la comunidad indie a seguir expandiéndose y cada vez crear mejores videojuegos, este proyecto propone una herramienta que facilite el desarrollo de videojuegos de tipo RPG sobre Unity. Para ello, la herramienta cuenta de tres sistemas distintos que se pueden utilizar para definir las mecánicas del juego. Además, para comprobar el correcto funcionamiento de la herramienta se ha desarrollado una demo técnica que muestre las capacidades de esta., In order to help the indie community to continue expanding and making better games, this project proposes a tool that would make the development of RPG games in Unity easier. For that purpose, the tool implements three separate systems that can be used to define the different mechanics of the game. On top of it, to test that the tool works as intended we have developed a simple demo showcasing what it can do.

This work illustrates and reflects on the design process of MLTK01, an open-source toolkit for fast prototyping tangible learning things, built on top of Arduino and ml5js. The toolkit was developed as a response to the current lack of fast and easy to use tools for tangible experiments with machine learning. Learning from insights gained through previous projects, we defined a set of basic building blocks necessary to enable such experiments and engaged in an iterative process of sketching, prototyping and preliminary testing of the toolkit. MLTK01 includes a custom PCB, a software library and accessories. Together with a descriptive account of the design process we also discuss possible applications of the toolkit and its implications for a design process of tangible learning things, Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Design Aesthetics

Metagenomic data generated from environmental samples is increasingly common in the analysis of modern and ancient biological communities. To obtain taxonomic profiles from this type of data, DNA sequences are aligned against large genomic reference databases and the lowest common ancestor (LCA) needs to be inferred for each sequence with multiple alignments. To date, efforts have mainly focused on improving the speed, sensitivity and specificity of alignment tools, and little effort has been applied to the LCA algorithm that generates the taxonomic profiles from alignments. We present ngsLCA, a command-line toolkit with two separate modules: the main program (in C/C++) performing LCA inference, and an R package for generating tables and visualisations of the taxonomic profiles. ngsLCA processed large datasets in BAM/SAM alignment format 4–11 times faster and used less memory compared to other available programs. It is compatible with the NCBI taxonomy and has flexible parameter settings. Furthermore, the toolkit offers functions for filtering, contamination removal, taxonomic clustering, and multiple ways of visualising the generated taxonomic profiles. ngsLCA bridges a gap in current metagenomic analyses by supplying a computationally light, easy-to-use, accurate, fast and flexible LCA algorithm with R functions for processing and illustrating the taxonomic profiles.

This work presents the Co-Creation Space, a multilingual platform for professional and community artists to 1) generate raw artistic ideas, and 2) discuss and reflect on the shared meaning of those ideas. The paper describes the architecture and the technology behind the platform, and how it was used to facilitate the communication process during several user trials. By supporting ideation sessions around media items guided by a facilitator and allowing users to express themselves and be part of the creation of an artistic product, participants were enabled to access new cultural spaces and be part of the creative process.

Metagenomic data generated from environmental samples is increasingly common in the analysis of modern and ancient biological communities. To obtain taxonomic profiles from this type of data, DNA sequences are aligned against large genomic reference databases and the lowest common ancestor (LCA) needs to be inferred for each sequence with multiple alignments. To date, efforts have mainly focused on improving the speed, sensitivity and specificity of alignment tools, and little effort has been applied to the LCA algorithm that generates the taxonomic profiles from alignments. We present ngsLCA, a command-line toolkit with two separate modules: the main program (in C/C++) performing LCA inference, and an R package for generating tables and visualisations of the taxonomic profiles. ngsLCA processed large datasets in BAM/SAM alignment format 4–11 times faster and used less memory compared to other available programs. It is compatible with the NCBI taxonomy and has flexible parameter settings. Furthermore, the toolkit offers functions for filtering, contamination removal, taxonomic clustering, and multiple ways of visualising the generated taxonomic profiles. ngsLCA bridges a gap in current metagenomic analyses by supplying a computationally light, easy-to-use, accurate, fast and flexible LCA algorithm with R functions for processing and illustrating the taxonomic profiles.