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Este escrito pretende contribuir a la ya larga polémica sobre la importancia de la tasa media de ganancia productiva capitalista en las crisis de este modo de producción. Tras repasar algunos de los puntos centrales sobre los que ha versado el debate, especialmente entre marxistas, el texto se centra sobre todo en la relación entre la tasa y la masa de ganancia. Se utiliza bibliografía explicativa de referencia y se muestran las razones de la caída tendencial de la tasa de ganancia (CTTG), y cómo la masa de ganancia no se puede desligar indefinidamente de esa caída. Esta última, la CTTG, se evidencia como una fuerza de gravedad ineludible en el capitalismo y para el capitalismo, de manera que los intentos de evitarla, contrarrestarla o posponerla terminan por arrastrar al Sistema hacia crisis cada vez mayores, propio de quien se subiera a una montaña cada vez más alta para desafiar tal fuerza de gravedad. Tras repasar algunas de las consecuencias más graves de esos intentos (exacerbada autonomía del capital a interés especulativo parasitario, generación de ganancias ficticias, reparto fiduciario de un anticipado nuevo valor, merma de las condiciones sociales y laborales, guerra y esquilmación de recursos, entre otras) se indica que el resultado lleva tendencialmente a la Crisis del propio Capitalismo., This paper aims to contribute to the already long controversy about the importance of the average rate of capitalist productive profit in the crises of this mode of production. After reviewing some of the central points on which the debate has revolved, especially among Marxists, the text focuses above all on the relationship between the rate and the mass of profit. Reference explanatory bibliography is used and the reasons for the trend to fall in the profit rate (CTTG) are shown, and how the mass of profit cannot be separated indefinitely from that fall. The latter, the CTTG, is evident as an unavoidable force of gravity in capitalism and for capitalism, so that attempts to avoid it, counteract it or postpone it end up dragging the System towards increasingly greater crises, typical of whoever climbs into an increasingly higher mountain to defy such a force of gravity. After reviewing some of the most serious consequences of these attempts (exacerbation of financial parasitic speculative capital’s autonomy, generation of fictitious profits, fiduciary distribution of an anticipated new value, decrease in social and labor conditions, war and depletion of resources, among others) indicates that the result tends to lead to the Crisis of Capitalism itself.

The European Commission (hereafter EC) and international countries are closely involved in the activities of the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). Together, they focus their efforts on fostering economic development, through providing R&D Tax Incentives to let companies optimise their Corporation Tax and have therefore more resources to keep investing in R&D and technological innovation. The project entails the establishment of a new enterprise, Novatech Consulting Group, S.R.L., dedicated to providing consultancy services for R&D Tax Credits across different EU and international target countries. The aim of Novatech consists of delivering unparalleled expertise in R&D Tax Credit consulting services, acknowledging their complexity and variability, and reaching the position as a trusted partner for enterprises seeking to claim the incentive to optimise the Corporation Tax. Thus, the present thesis aims to study the creation of a specialised consultancy uniquely focused on optimising tax benefits for businesses engaged in R&D and technological innovation activities. The methodology involves a comprehensive analysis of tax regulations, country-specific incentives, factors influencing R&D tax credits, and the various markets. The project also includes the branding, target audience and segmentation, decision-making matrixes to select target countries, corporation tax analysis, strategic analysis, marketing mix, and financial and legal plans. The consecution of the present project provides a complete understanding of legal considerations, global variations, and strategic approaches relevant to the establishment of a consultancy of this nature. The positive outcome of this project is the enhanced ability to strategically study the position of Novatech in various international markets, considering different factors and approaches. The present thesis offers therefore a clear understanding of how to establish a new consulting company with a digita

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka konsumenters inställning till personlig marknadsföring med utgångspunkt i personlig integritet. Vidare är studiens syfte att undersöka om personlig marknadsföring kan leda till kundlojalitet med hjälp av Word of Mouth som proxy. Denna studies metod baseras på ett kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt och bygger på en deduktiv ansats där datan har samlats in genom en webbaserad enkät. Enkäten publicerades på diverse plattformar där urvalet var alla personer över 18 års ålder. Enkäten gjordes i formulärprogrammet Google forms. Totalt genererade enkäten 115 svar varav 108 av dessa kunde användas i analysen. För att analysera datan har statistikprogrammet Jamovi använts. Resultaten har presenterats och tolkats genom genomförande av deskriptiva analyser, korrelationsanalyser och hypotesprövningar. Resultatet visar en stark positiv korrelation mellan personlig marknadsföring och Word of Mouth, en negativ korrelation mellan personlig marknadsföring och personlig integritet och en svag negativ korrelation mellan personlig integritet och Word of Mouth. Utifrån detta drogs slutsatserna att fördelarna med informationsutlämnande väger tyngre än riskerna med informationsutlämnande och att personlig marknadsföring kan leda till lojala kunder men att det beror på dess initiala inställning. Fortsättningsvis drogs slutsatserna att konsumenter som uppskattar personlig marknadsföring är mer villiga att delta i Word of Mouth aktiviteter medan konsumenter med en hög nivå av personlig integritet, är sannolikt mindre benägna att delta i Word of Mouth aktiviteter. Denna studie bidrar med kunskap och upplysning om hur personlig marknadsföring fungerar. Studiens resultat visar vad konsumenter har för inställning till personlig marknadsföring samt hur de upplever att personlig marknadsföring påverkar deras personliga integritet. Studien visar även hur personlig marknadsföring kan påverka kundlojalitet. Denna studies resultat kan vara till användning i praktik

Research question: What are the prerequisites and influential factors that determine an inclusive planning and implementation process of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs)? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a more holistic understanding of SUMPs. Therefore, the aim is to explore the prerequisites and influential factors that determine the inclusive planning and implementation of SUMPs. Methodology: To fulfill the purpose of this thesis a qualitative research study was conducted, utilizing an abductive methodology. Specifically, an embedded case study was pursued through executing 15 interviews with SUM experts and participation specialists, as well as community members, all located in Helsinki, Finland. Theoretical perspectives: This study’s theoretical foundation and its preliminary framework are based on theories on stakeholder management, governance, social inclusion, SUM, and SUMPs. Results and Conclusion: Findings demonstrate a clear interconnection between the prerequisites and influential factors, justifying their integration into a single category. Consequently, this study identifies 10 factors, with their respective challenges, that influence the planning and implementation of inclusive SUMPs. The final developed framework deepens the understanding on social sustainability in SUMPs, inclusive SUMP practices, governance, and stakeholder management in public entities. Furthermore, the study provides practical guidance for cities in designing inclusive SUMPs by emphasizing the importance of starting conditions, helping decision-makers in coordinating efforts and addressing potential implementation challenges.

As the importance of sustainability grows, the necessity for authentic and transparent information in relation to this subject is becoming increasingly important. In light of this, the European Union's Digital Product Passport, surface as a timely tool to provide stakeholders with accessible and transparent information about the environmental impact of a product. Yet, due to the novelty of the DPP, a research gap emerges in comparing the intended objectives of the DPP with the actual impact on businesses affected by this regulation. The objective of this study is to investigate whether sustainability initiatives, such as the DPP, are regarded as authentic opportunities to adapt more sustainable business practices, or viewed as mere bureaucratic requirements. Subsequently, the study examines how businesses modify their strategies and operations in response to this, with the objective of identifying the perceived benefits and drawbacks of such adaptations. Furthermore, the study aims to provide valuable insights for manufacturing companies. A comparative qualitative research approach provided rich insights from two case studies, which were conducted through semi-structured interviews. The findings of the research indicate that the DPP is perceived not merely as a requirement but rather an authentic way of facilitating more conscious decision-making and providing stakeholders with relevant information. This is due to the company's intrinsic value and a secondary benefit of enhancing brand reputation and competitiveness. The extent of strategic readjustment that companies have to implement was identified to be dependent on their already existing engagement with sustainability and the complexity of their operational processes which could impose drawbacks such as additional resource allocation. The significant advantages of these modifications were identified as enhancing consumer engagement long-term and facilitating the accessibility of information regarding sustainabil

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide an overview and understanding of what innovation strategies to thrive in a VUCA world are presented by research published from 2015-2024. As the characteristics and consequences of the VUCA world become increasingly evident and in today’s corporate environment, utilizing innovation strategies are one forwarded way in order for corporations to maintain prosperity in volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environments. Thus, by reviewing, describing, analyzing and synthesizing what 54 published theoretical and empirical research articles suggest as suitable innovation strategies to thrive in a VUCA world, we aim to present main themes, commonalities, differences and inconsistencies in the selected research. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to produce an objective data collection and analysis process and thus provide objective findings. Findings: The main finding of this systematic literature review consists of the distinguished representation of suggestions of innovation strategies to thrive in a VUCA world that focuses on agility, adaptability and flexibility of organizations, managers and leaders. Another finding revealed that innovation was an outcome of the implementation of strategies focusing on organizational, managerial and leadership agility and flexibility. A third finding is the minor contribution of technologically oriented innovation strategies that was found among the 54 research articles that were reviewed. Another finding suggests that technologically oriented research tended to design strategies where innovation was a component of the strategy instead of an outcome. Contribution: This study is valuable for scholars in academic fields of strategic management and or technological innovation management for managerial positions and organizations and for individuals with an interest in the field of VUCA, strategic management and innovation. Due to the description, analysis and sy

This review article proposes a theoretical approach to teaching reading in light of the contributions of metacognition, as a relevant aspect at an educational level, but with much still to be explored. This article aims to define the term metacognition, based on the pedagogical reflection that arises from the need to implement it as a strategy to promote reading comprehension. For this purpose, a documentary analysis was carried out using Google Scholar and Scopus, where studies directly related to the study objective were included. The information was categorized according to the objectives of the research and it was concluded that although this is a term that integrates a series of theories, its application must be delimited specifically to the areas in order to conceptualize particularities., En este artículo de revisión se propone un abordaje teórico de la enseñanza de la lectura a la luz de los aportes de la metacognición, como aspecto relevante a nivel educativo, pero con mucho aún por explorar. Este artículo pretende realizar una definición del término metacognición, partir de la reflexión pedagógica que surge de la necesidad de implementarla como estrategia para fomentar la comprensión lectora. Para ello se realizó un análisis documental utilizando Google Scholar y Scopus, donde se incluyeron estudios directamente relacionados con el objetivo de estudio. Se categorizó la información de acuerdo a los objetivos de la investigación y se concluyó que pese a que este es un término que integra una serie de teorías, se debe delimitar su aplicación específicamente a las áreas para poder conceptualizar particularidades.

Ecuadorian export companies currently face the technological boom; To be competitive they must constantly apply technological innovation in their sales, production, administrative and logistical processes. Innovating has managerial limitations, which, include conditional factors such as economic, financial, human and technological resources, which corresponds to a traditional business culture resistant to the change demand by the environment. Based on these findings, the objective of this work is to develop a technological innovation strategy to improve sales of traditional products in the province of El Oro. For the development, a quantitative approach was used, using theoretical methods such as historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive to analytical concepts such as technological innovation and the systemic method for the established strategy. The results showed that of the different technological innovation strategies that exist to improve sales of traditional products, it is recommended to focus on electronic commerce based on the type of B2B commerce is recommended where companies can achieve web positioning to be recognized and attract customers. Potentials that appear under the same negotiation standards of B2B electronic commerce. It is concluded that this strategy would serve as a reference to achieve better positioning at the business level terms of marketing., Las empresas exportadoras ecuatorianas en la actualidad enfrentan el pleno auge tecnológico; para ser competitivos les corresponde aplicar constantemente la innovación tecnológica en sus procesos de ventas, producción, administrativos y logísticos. El innovar, tiene limitaciones gerenciales, que incluyen factores condicionales como, económicos, financieros, recursos humanos y tecnológicos, que corresponde a una cultura empresarial tradicional resistente al cambio que exige el entorno. En base a estos hallazgos el presente trabajo tiene por objetivo elaborar una estrategia de innovación tecnológica para mejorar las ventas de productos tradicionales de la provincia de El Oro. Para el desarrollo se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, empleando los métodos teóricos tales como, el histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo para analizar conceptos como innovación tecnológica y el método sistémico para la estrategia establecida. Los resultados demostraron que de las diferentes estrategias de innovación tecnológica que existen para mejorar las ventas de productos tradicionales, se recomienda enfocada en el comercio electrónico basado en el tipo de comercio B2B en donde las empresas puedan lograr un posicionamiento web para ser reconocidas y atraer clientes potenciales que figuren bajo los mismos estándares de negociación del comercio electrónico B2B. Se concluye que esta estrategia serviría como referente para lograr un mejor posicionamiento a nivel empresarial en términos de comercialización.

This article examines the integration of participatory urban planning and interculturality as a strategy for the rehabilitation of public spaces in Tilivi, Ambato, Tungurahua. Through a case study and mixed methods, it explores how active collaboration between the local community, urban planners and cultural leaders can revitalize public spaces, preserve ancestral knowledge and strengthen cultural identity. The methodology includes literature review, case studies, surveys and interviews, and participatory design proposals. The results reveal the importance of community participation and the integration of traditional knowledge in urban planning, highlighting the need to address cultural diversity in an authentic way. This interdisciplinary approach contributes to the creation of inclusive cities that honor cultural heritage and promote social cohesion., Este artículo examina la integración de la planificación urbana participativa y la interculturalidad como estrategia para la rehabilitación de espacios públicos en Tilivi, Ambato, Tungurahua. A través de un estudio de caso y métodos mixtos, se explora cómo la colaboración activa entre la comunidad local, planificadores urbanos y líderes culturales puede revitalizar espacios públicos, preservar saberes ancestrales y fortalecer la identidad cultural. La metodología incluye revisión de literatura, estudios de caso, encuestas y entrevistas, y propuestas de diseño participativo. Los resultados revelan la importancia de la participación comunitaria y la integración de conocimientos tradicionales en la planificación urbana, destacando la necesidad de abordar la diversidad cultural de manera auténtica. Este enfoque interdisciplinario contribuye a la creación de ciudades inclusivas que honran la herencia cultural y promueven la cohesión social.

The purpose of this work is to answer the following research questions: What does the Government of Mexico depend on to develop its National Security Program? What depends on the Government of Mexico adopting in its National Security Program threats that the Government of the United States also recognizes in its National Security strategies? Therefore, the hypothesis is supported due to ignorance on the matter, the current administration of the Government of Mexico lacks a Program for National Security, which is why it cannot be established what the strategic direction of the Mexican State is in matters of Multidimensional security, so it is concluded that the above is aggravated with the departure of Trump and the arrival of Biden, since changes were generated in the strategy for US National Security that impact the way in which it is managed. national security in Mexico., Este trabajo tiene como finalidad responder las siguientes preguntas de investigación ¿De qué depende que el Gobierno de México del Gobierno elabore su Programa para la Seguridad Nacional? ¿De qué depende que el Gobierno de México adopte en su Programa para la Seguridad Nacional amenazas que también reconoce el Gobierno de Estados Unidos en sus estrategias de Seguridad Nacional? Por lo que se sostiene la hipótesis por ignorancia en la materia, la actual administración del Gobierno de México carece de un Programa para la Seguridad Nacional, es por ello por lo que no se puede establecer cuál es el rumbo estratégico del Estado Mexicano en materia de seguridad Multidimensional, por lo que se concluye que lo anterior se ve agravado con la salida de Trump y la llegada de Biden, ya que se generaron cambios en la estrategia para la Seguridad Nacional de EE. UU. que impactan la manera en que se gestiona la seguridad nacional en México.

The purpose of this article is to present some of the results of the doctoral thesis entitled 'Philosophical dissertation as a reconciliation strategy in the improvement of the school coexistence process of educational management in rural institutions of Tunja', regarding the exploration of the interrelationship between the philosophical dissertation and school coexistence in rural educational institutions of Tunja, as an alternative solution to propose new ideas to combat school violence. Within the methodological design of the mentioned research exercise, a mixed approach with qualitative predominance was applied, using survey and interview techniques for data collection, and software such as Atlas ti and IBM SPSS for data analysis. The information obtained served as a starting point for the implementation of the philosophical dissertation. The results obtained contribute to the improvement of school coexistence, as the dissertation was used as a reconciliation mechanism, allowing for the optimization of experiences of assertive communication among educational actors., El presente artículo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer parte de los resultados de la tesis doctoral denominada “Disertación filosófica como estrategia de conciliación en el mejoramiento del proceso de convivencia escolar de la gestión educativa de las instituciones rurales del Tunja”, en cuanto de la exploración la interrelación entre la disertación filosófica y la convivencia escolar en instituciones educativas rurales de Tunja, como una alternativa de solución para la propuesta de nuevas ideas que combatan la violencia escolar en las escuelas. Dentro del diseño metodológico del ejercicio investigativo en mención se plasmó un enfoque mixto con preponderancia cualitativa, se ocupó como técnicas de recolección de la información la encuesta y entrevista y se usó para el análisis de la información los softwares atlas ti e IMB SPSS. La información obtenida se constituyó en punto de partida para la implementación de la disertación filosófica. Los resultados obtenidos redundan en el mejoramiento de la convivencia escolar, como quiera que, la disertación se usó como mecanismo de conciliación, este proceso permitió que se optimizaran las experiencias de comunicación asertiva entre los actores educativos.

The present work proposed an approach to the communication actions, included in the Strategy designed as part of the “Mi Costa” Project, with the objective of achieving an integration and cooperation of the different social actors that intervene and have an impact on it in the province, based on Social Responsibility and its importance in terms of informing, educating and raising awareness about the different social causes that drive Climate Change in the coastal area of La Coloma de Pinar del Río. Which, in turn, also created new trends and currents of opinion, influencing society and allowing it to move towards community resilience., El presente trabajo propuso un acercamiento a las acciones de comunicación, comprendidas en la Estrategia diseñada como parte del Proyecto “Mi Costa”, con el objetivo de lograr una integración y cooperación de los diferentes actores sociales que intervienen y tiene incidencia en el mismo en la provincia, tomando como base la Responsabilidad Social y su importancia en función de informar, educar y crear conciencia sobre las diferentes causas sociales que impulsan al Cambio Climático en la zona costera La Coloma de Pinar del Río. Lo que, a su vez, creó también nuevas tendencias y corrientes de opinión, influyendo en la sociedad y permitiéndole avanzar hacia la resiliencia de las comunidades.

Gamification has recently emerged as a promising teaching strategy. An existing concern lies in the insufficiency of research that firmly supports the effectiveness of its pedagogical application in English language learning. This study aims to explore the relationship between gamification as a didactic strategy and English language teaching in the general bachelor unified at the Louis Victor de Broglie Educational Unit. To evaluate the feasibility of the application of gamification in language teaching, a questionnaire was applied and the association between two variables was analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test. The findings reveal that the continuous and consistent integration of playful and challenging elements of gamification, taking advantage of ICT, generates a positive impact on students' motivation, participation and learning. However, despite the fact that most teachers claim to use gamification, only one third of the students report significant benefits, suggesting challenges in its effective application. Given the results, a teacher training strategy on gamification for teaching is proposed. The study highlights the need to strengthen teaching skills in the design and proper integration of gamified activities and the pedagogical use of ICT. It is concluded that gamification represents a promising alternative but requires solid teacher training to maximize its potential., La gamificación ha emergido recientemente como una estrategia didáctica prometedora. Una inquietud existente radica en la insuficiencia de investigaciones que avalen firmemente la eficacia de su aplicación pedagógica en el aprendizaje el idioma inglés. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la relación de la gamificación como estrategia didáctica y la enseñanza del idioma inglés en el bachillerato general unificado en la Unidad Educativa Louis Víctor de Broglie. Para evaluar la factibilidad de la aplicación de la gamificación en la enseñanza del idioma se aplica un cuestionario y se analizó la asociación entre las dos variables mediante la prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Los hallazgos revelan que la integración continua y consistente de elementos lúdicos y desafiantes de la gamificación, aprovechando las TIC, genera un impacto positivo en la motivación, participación y aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, a pesar de que la mayoría de los docentes afirman utilizar la gamificación, solo un tercio de los estudiantes reporta beneficios significativos, sugiriendo desafíos en su aplicación efectiva. Dado los resultados se propone una estrategia de capacitación docente sobre la gamificación para la enseñanza. El estudio destaca la necesidad de fortalecer las competencias docentes en el diseño e integración adecuada de actividades gamificadas y el uso pedagógico de las TIC. Se concluye que la gamificación representa una alternativa prometedora, pero requiere una formación docente sólida para maximizar su potencial en el desarrollo de habilidades lingüísticas y el aprendizaje del idioma inglés.

Dysgraphia is one of the greatest difficulties in school, reflected in students who, without having some type of disability, cannot develop writing skills adequately. This situation is recurrent in classrooms, but it is naturalized as an academic disinterest associated with poor academic performance, not as a problem whose causes must be detected in order to solve them. The objective of this research is to define a strategy that contributes to the improvement of the quality of learning through early diagnosis of dysgraphia in students in the fourth year of basic general education at the Francisco de Orellana Educational Unit. To carry out the research, the Test of Written Language Fourth Edition (TOWL-4) was applied, a psychological reagent that allows us to know the different spelling disorders and the parallel problems that these disorders cause. With this diagnosis, the presence of dysgraphia combined with dysorthography has been identified in the classrooms, which is why the development of a flexible, objective, systemic, problematizing, updated, formative and participatory strategy is proposed. The strategy includes the training of teachers and parents, who will be responsible for supervising and supporting these activities for a comprehensive approach to student development., La disgrafía es una de las mayores dificultades en la etapa escolar, reflejada en estudiantes que, sin tener algún tipo de discapacidad, no pueden desarrollar habilidades de escritura de forma adecuada. Esta situación es recurrente en las aulas, pero se naturaliza como un desinterés académico asociado al bajo rendimiento escolar, no como un problema al que se le deben detectar sus causas para resolverlas. El objetivo de esta investigación definir una estrategia que contribuya a la mejora de la calidad del aprendizaje mediante diagnóstico temprano de la disgrafía en los estudiantes de cuarto año de educación básica general en la Unidad Educativa Francisco de Orellana, cantón Orellana, Ecuador. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se aplicó el Test of Written Language Fourth Edition (TOWL-4), un reactivo psicológico que permite conocer los distintos desórdenes de la grafía y los problemas paralelos que ocasionan estos trastornos. Con este diagnóstico, se ha identificado en las aulas la presencia de disgrafía combinada con disortografía, por lo cual se propone el se desarrollo de una estrategia flexible, objetiva, sistémica, problematizadora, actualizada, formativa y de carácter participativo. La estrategia incluye la capacitación de los docentes y de los padres de familia, quienes serán responsables de supervisar y apoyar estas actividades para un enfoque integral en el desarrollo del estudiante.

Firms seeking to embed sustainability into their core business strategy face inher-ent tensions of managing conflicting goals of performing on economic, social, and environ-mental dimensions, in the short- and long-term. Hahn et al. (2014) argue that managers that view these tensions as a paradox may consider radical strategies but end up adopting prudent strategies because they are unable to implement workable solutions due to higher awareness of uncertainty and risks. We argue that subjective interpretation of temporal depth and directionality influences the adoption of sustainable development strategies. Firms with long-term orientation that adopt an overarching vision, structures to incorporate diverse perspectives, and guardrails to prevent tunnel vision, are better positioned to bal-ance financial and non-financial goals. Multi-generational family enterprises with aspirations for transgenerational continuity draw selectively upon their historic past to prepare for success in distant future. When focused on balancing wealth creation for their families and communities, they have the potential to unleash creativity and innovation for a sustainable competitive advantage., Las empresas que tratan de integrar la sostenibilidad en el núcleo de su estrategia empresarial, se enfrentan a tensiones inherentes a la gestión de objetivos contrapuestos en lo referente a las dimensiones económica, social y medioambiental, a corto y largo plazo. Hahn et al. (2014) afirman que los directivos que ven estas tensiones como una paradoja pueden plantearse estrategias radicales, pero acaban adoptando estrategias prudentes ya que no pueden aplicar soluciones viables debido a una mayor concienciación en términos de incertidumbre y riesgos. Nosotros sostenemos que la interpretación subjetiva de la pro-fundidad temporal y la direccionalidad influye en la adopción de estrategias de desarrollo sostenible. Las empresas con una orientación a largo plazo, que adoptan una visión global, estructuras para incorporar diversas perspectivas y barreras de seguridad para evitar la visión de túnel, están mejor posicionadas para equilibrar los objetivos financieros y no financieros. Las empresas familiares multigeneracionales, con aspiraciones de continuidad transgeneracional, recurren selectivamente a su pasado histórico para prepararse para el éxito en un futuro lejano. Cuando se centran en equilibrar la creación de riqueza para sus familias y comunidades, tienen el potencial de dar rienda suelta a la creatividad y la in-novación para lograr una ventaja competitiva sostenible.*Corresponding author: E-mail: Pramodita.sharma@uvm.edu Grossman School of Business, University of Vermont, 55 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USAEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FAMILY BUSINESSCátedra Santander deEmpresa FamiliarUniversidad de Málagawww.revistas.uma.es/index.php/ejfbISSN 2444-877XEMPRESA FAMILIARINSTITUTO DE LACátedra Santander deEmpresa FamiliarUniversidad de Málaga

Purpose: One of the most powerful and talked about approaches in the management and leadership of modern business today is Organisational Purpose. When placed at the heart of strategy, it is said to increase employee engagement exponentially, resulting in the unlocking of human potential, lighting up passion and enthusiasm within people, and beating the line in financial performance through overservicing and delighting customers, by as much as 42% compared to the stock market. However, as much as Organisational Purpose is heralded as the core motivation behind the sustainable success of any organisation, 90% of these purpose-led strategies fail in implementation. The article investigates this phenomenon. Theoretical Framework: This study falls within the framework where leadership and strategy implementation meet. One of the most profound gaps identified during the literature reviewed for this article is that the purpose (‘deep self’) of an organisation cannot be defined or even implemented without defining the individual purposes (‘deep self’) of its leadership, in that an organisation can only ever be as conscious as its leader. Design/ methodology/ Approach: This study, therefore, sets out to create a framework that can guide leaders towards implementing corporate purpose into organisational culture through raising leadership and organisational consciousness and, in doing so, overcoming this persisting barrier to implementation. By choosing Action Design Research as the methodology for this research, the researchers co-create a potential solution with 14 Chief Executive Officers, each a market leader within their diverse industries. Findings: A solution that suggests that the successful transformation of corporate purpose into organisational culture lies at the intersection of the individual purpose of each executive leader, the purpose of the organisation, and the individual purpose of each of its employees. Against the plethora of existing frameworks, whi

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop the analysis of strategic marketing management in the commercial fishing sector in the Paloquemao plaza in Bogotá, in order to increase productivity, based on sustainability models. Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the sustainability model for SMEs describes how to improve the relationship of a company's human capital and how, based on these, the environmental components are integrated into the processes and therefore the economic component is adjusted by generating a better organizational climate. which permeates the marketing management of companies and improves their visibility as should happen in the commercial fishing sector of the city of Bogota. Method: An exploratory and comparative study was used, the analysis included a parallel between the theoretical analyzes with the fishing sector of Lima Peru, the sustainability model and marketing models and based on marketing study categories, interviews were conducted with managers of commercial companies. fisheries to then develop a correlation analysis of the categories between the years 2020 and 2023. Results and Discussion: It was found that informality versus the established company that some distributors only have a warehouse as a warehouse while others have a complete infrastructure; others have a good diversification of products for their clients and finally, marketing is short-term and with little strategic management. Research Implications: The research shows that there is little access to training on administrative issues, financial management and safety issues for the conservation of the product; little investment in technology and that the lack of marketing in the sector does not make known the benefits and qualities that the product has in its consumption. Originality/Value: This study contributes to a literature in which it shows in an exploratory way how marketing management is developed in an economic sector of the country and how it impacts

The purpose of this study is to analyze leadership in organizations in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is developed through the use of a descriptive, empirical and transversal methodology in order to obtain the pertinent results that allow us to propose a framework of reference for Colombian organizations in their actions during the current crisis. The Colombian Government adopted a series of health, political, economic and social measures in order to combat and reduce the spread of contagion. The crisis derived from the coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) has revealed that organizations need to carry out more efficient management by implementing strategies that adapt to new changes and technological trends in order to improve their processes internal. This is how the function of the leader within each work area is fundamental for the administrative directions that correctly lead the organization in achieving its objectives.Most companies focus on the use of assertive communication, through tools that globalization has made available to them. The present study aims to determine the highly efficient business competencies for decision making from the leadership point of view, taking into account that it is extremely important that leaders provide the work team with the necessary tools and directions to face the challenges that arise as a result of the pandemic., El presente estudio tiene como propósito analizar el liderazgo en las organizaciones en tiempo de pandemia COVID-19. La investigación se desarrolla mediante el uso de una metodología de tipo descriptivo, empírico y transversal con el fin de obtener los resultados pertinentes que permitan plantear un marco de referencia a las organizaciones colombianas en su accionar durante la actual crisis. El Gobierno Colombiano adopto una serie de medidas de tipo sanitario, político, económico y social con el fin de combatir y reducir la propagación del contagio. La crisis derivada de la pandemia por el coronavirus (Covid-19), ha puesto de manifiesto que las organizaciones necesitan realizar una gestión más eficiente mediante la implementación de estrategias que se adapten a los nuevos cambios y tendencias tecnológicas con el fin de mejorar sus procesos internos. Es así como la función del líder dentro de cada área de trabajo es fundamental para los direccionamientos administrativos que conduzcan correctamente a la organización en el logro de sus objetivos; la mayoría de las empresas se enfocan en el uso de la comunicación asertiva, a través de herramientas que la globalización ha puesto a disposición de éstas. En el presente estudio se pretende determinar las competencias empresariales de alta eficiencia para la toma de decisiones desde el punto de vista del liderazgo, teniendo en cuenta que es sumamente importante que los líderes provean al equipo de trabajo de las herramientas y direccionamientos necesarios para afrontar los retos que se presentan como consecuencia de la pandemia.

This article aims to design a business development observatory in the Upper Guanacaste Region for the determination of factors influencing the opening of business. Methodologically it is a research of mixed approach, non-experimental, of transversal temporality and based on the analysis of the variables business behavior, profile of companies, environmental factors, development of the region, and the role of the local government in the operation of the companies, were used as data collection techniques the documentary analysis with registered companies in the region patented, the semi-structured interview and the survey; participated in the study eight representatives of local governments and 106 companies distributed in the four cantons of the area (Cañas, Tilarán, Bagaces and Abangares). The main findings include the knowledge of the situation of business development in this region in the period 2013-2022 showing steady growth in the region, being the canton of Cañas that owns the most companies and collection by commercial licences, in addition the canton that has had the fastest growth is Tilarán. Environmental factors that promote business opening such as education, development programmes, attractions and support for entrepreneurship are identified; counterpart factors that can generate business closures include the size of the market, competition and ignorance to formalize the business. Finally, as a strategy for the implementation and continuity of the observatory, the elements of up-to-date and continuous information, the cooperation between local governments with the patent officers and the area related to local economic development are proposed to keep the information up to date, and to do field studies annually for the identification of influential factors in business development to promote concrete actions (implementation of strategies) towards and the region for the continuity and growth of and thus local development., Este artículo tiene como propósito diseñar un observatorio de desarrollo empresarial en la Región Alta de Guanacaste para la determinación de factores influyentes en la apertura de empresas. Metodológicamente es una investigación de enfoque mixto, no experimental, de temporalidad transversal y basado en el análisis de las variables comportamiento empresarial, perfil de empresas, factores del entorno, desarrollo de la región, y el papel del gobierno local en el funcionamiento de las empresas, se utilizaron como técnicas de recolección de datos el análisis documental con registros de empresas patentadas de la región, la entrevista semiestructurada y la encuesta; participaron en el estudio ocho representantes de los gobiernos locales y 106 empresas distribuidas en los cuatro cantones de la región (Cañas, Tilarán, Bagaces y Abangares). Los hallazgos principales incluyen el conocimiento de la situación del desarrollo empresarial en esta región del periodo 2013-2022 mostrando crecimiento constante en la región, siendo el cantón de Cañas el que posee más empresas y recaudación por licencias comerciales, además el cantón que ha tenido crecimiento más acelerado es Tilarán. Se identifican factores del entorno que promueven la apertura de negocios tales como educación, programas de desarrollo, atractivos del cantón y el apoyo al emprendimiento; como contraparte factores que pueden generar cierres de negocios incluyen el tamaño del mercado, la competencia y el desconocimiento para formalizar la empresa. Finalmente, se proponen como estrategia para la implementación y continuidad del observatorio los elementos de información actualizada y continua, la cooperación entre gobiernos locales con las personas encargadas de patentes y el área relacionada con el desarrollo económico local para mantener actualizada la información, y hacer estudios de campo anualmente para la identificación de factores influyentes en el desarrollo empresarial para promover acciones concretas (implementac

Organizations today present the prevailing need for adaptation and evolution in a dynamic and highly competitive business environment, which is why they seek a strategic management approach that encourages innovation in organizational structures to achieve greater efficiency in meeting their objectives and goals. In this sense, the objective of this study was to determine the importance of an innovative organizational structure in the strategic direction of construction companies; Constructora Molina was taken as the study unit. The methodology used involves a quantitative approach and a descriptive research, where the conditions, attributes and particularities of the company under study were characterized. The population and sample consisted of 25 employees of Constructora Molina, to whom a survey was applied. The main results highlight that 65.5% of the construction company's employees indicate that an innovative organizational structure can be adopted. In conclusion, it is highlighted that it is essential to adopt a structure that provides the agility and capacity necessary to thrive in a business environment., Las organizaciones en la actualidad presentan la necesidad imperante de adaptación y evolución en un entorno empresarial dinámico y altamente competitivo, por lo que buscan un enfoque de direccionamiento estratégico que fomente la innovación en las estructuras organizativas para lograr mayor eficiencia en el cumplimiento de sus objetivos y metas. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio consistió en determinar la importancia de una estructura organizativa innovadora en el direccionamiento estratégico de las empresas constructoras, se tomó como unidad de estudio la Constructora Molina. La metodología empleada involucra un enfoque cuantitativo y una investigación de tipo descriptiva, donde se caracterizó las condiciones, atributos y particularidades de la empresa objeto de estudio. La población y muestra estuvo conformada por 25 empleados de la Constructora Molina, a quienes se aplicó una encuesta. Los principales resultados destacan que en un 65,50% los empleados de la empresa constructora indican que se puede adoptar una estructura organizativa innovadora. Como conclusión se destaca que es indispensable adoptar una estructura que brinde la agilidad y capacidad necesaria para prosperar en un entorno empresarial.

Purpose: this study aims to examine the existing cost management system within company in the clothing industry.Methodology: through a qualitative and descriptive study, we applied the developing and effective managerial costing model by Lawson et al. (2019). Results: The results reveal the significance of cost management systems and excellent customer service in small businesses to achieve a greater negotiating capacity with customers. Implications: This article contributes with a solid foundation for the diagnosis of a cost management system. Originality: this work offers a comprehensive conceptual framework and practical tools that facilitate professionals to advance in the assessment of cost management systems, thereby influencing decision-making and business performance., Propósito: el objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar el sistema actual de administración de costos de una empresa de la industria de la confección. Metodología: por medio de un estudio cualitativo y descriptivo, se aplicó el instrumento “Desarrollo de una SAC efectivo” de Lawson et al. (2019). Resultados: se destaca la importancia de los sistemas de administración de costos en pequeñas empresas y la relevancia de ofrecer excelente servicio, puntualidad en las entregas y calidad del producto con el fin de conseguir una mayor capacidad de negociación con los clientes. Implicaciones: este artículo contribuye a la literatura al establecer bases sólidas para el diagnóstico de un sistema de administración de costos. Originalidad: este trabajo proporciona una estructura conceptual integral y herramientas prácticas que permiten a los profesionales avanzar en la evaluación de los SAC que impactan en la toma de decisiones y en el desempeño empresarial.

The research is aimed at the development of emotional intelligence, making it essential to progressively incorporate this skill into academic activities; through constructivist teaching practice, inclusive methodological strategies, generation of experiences that contribute to the comprehensive development of the student, teamwork with parents, a multiprofesional group and authorities that lead to meaningful learning. For this reason, the objective was to implement an inclusive methodological strategy in the teaching-learning process to contribute to the development of the emotional intelligence of the students of the Hotel Services Technical Baccalaureate of the Specialized Education Unit, as an education tool for people with disabilities. Special educational needs (SEN). Regarding the methodology, qualitative-quantitative research was used, starting from a systematic review of the scientific literature based on the search for studies on the topic and its subsequent analysis. For data collection, interview and survey techniques were used, the results of which were obtained that teachers must have emotional intelligence skills, know how to handle conflicts, help manage them, be able to choose the correct word and the appropriate gesture. . , to understand the meaning of a feeling, keeping in mind that inclusive methodological strategies promote media competencies, which allow the development of abilities, skills and aptitudes such as: socialization, teamwork and sharing between students and teachers, increasing the feeling of educational community., La investigación está orientada al desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional, siendo indispensable incorporar progresivamente esta habilidad en las actividades académicas; mediante la práctica docente constructivista, estrategias metodológicas inclusivas, generación de experiencias que aporten al desarrollo integral del estudiante trabajo en equipo con los padres de familia, grupo multiprofesional y autoridades que conlleven a un aprendizaje significativo. Por tal razón se planteó como objetivo implementar una estrategia metodológica inclusiva en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje para contribuir al desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional de los estudiantes del Bachillerato Técnico Servicios Hoteleros de la Unidad de Educación Especializada, como una herramienta de educación de personas con necesidades educativas especiales (NEE). En lo referente a la metodología, se utilizó la investigación de tipo cuali-cuantitativo, partiendo de una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica basada en la búsqueda de estudios sobre el tema y su posterior análisis. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizaron las técnicas de la entrevista y la encuesta, cuyo resultados se obtuvo que los docentes deben poseer habilidades de inteligencia emocional, saber manejar conflictos, ayudar a gestionarlos, ser capaz de elegir la palabra correcta y el gesto apropiado, para comprender el significado de un sentimiento, teniendo presente que las estrategias metodológicas inclusivas fomentan competencias mediáticas, que permiten el desarrollo de habilidades, destrezas y aptitudes tales como: la socialización, el trabajo en equipo y el compartir entre estudiantes y docentes, aumentando el sentimiento de comunidad educativa.

Purpose: The article aims to investigate how different understanding of ESG and/or CSR influence the adoption of formal ESG/CSR policy and relevant activities, and which factors are related to it as there is a gap in research on the formation of ESG/CSR strategy. Theoretical Framework: ESG strategies are one of the critical components for ensuring sustainable growth (Liang et al., 2022), but the understanding of the concept is not necessarily guaranteed. Moreover, despite the increasing interest in the topic, the literature concerning transition and emerging economies and ESG practices is still quite limited (Garcia et al., 2017). Design/Methodology/Approach: We surveyed various national companies with scalability about their perception and implementation of CSR/ESG and identified three clusters of enterprises based on their understanding of responsibility and sustainability. We analyzed the likelihood of adopting a CSR/ESG strategy for each type. Findings: The study reveals different elements which impact the process of forming a sustainability strategy in a transition economy and confirms the one of significant precondition is the company size. In addition, strong brands are seen as predictor of a strategy implementation. Research, Practical & Social Implications: We suggest that business which tend to address the dimension of sustainability have a comprehensive attitude toward strategy adoption and for effectively practicing sustainability awareness of the concept and all its dimensions is key. Based on the classification of the different companies their CSR/ESG activities could be analyzed. Originality/Value: The results show major factors of sustainability which are crucial to implement a formal sustainability strategy.

Purpose: This study aims to develop strategic priorities for increasing the competitiveness of Batik SMEs in Blora Regency Theoretical Framework: Previous research in the field of company competitive advantage argued what approach is suitable to be used by MSME to grow sustainably. Sustainability of a company 's competitive advantage is influenced by the potential of existing resources (Grant, 1991). Design/Methodology/Approach: This research was conducted in Blora Regency, Central Java, which is one of the regions in Indonesia that is rich in culture and local wisdom. Like other areas in Central Java, Blora has batik as a traditional craft which is quite popular. Until now, the Blora Regency Government continues to develop the sustainability of Blora batik through empowerment programs. The data analysis method used in this research is the Analytic Network Process (ANP) which is a mathematical theory that allows decision making to deal with interrelated factors (dependence) and mathematical feedback. Findings: The findings in this study indicate that Batik Blora is a business unit that has the potential to develop and be competitive with various advantages. As a product that elevates regional advantages, it is necessary to increase business aspects that include upstream to downstream aspects so that the competitiveness of Blora batik can continue to increase. Research, Practical & Social Implications: The most prioritized aspect in increasing the competitiveness of Blora batik is the aspect of the business cycle which emphasizes increasing innovation and diversification as well as increasing business productivity. Originality/Value: This research is a research that focuses on the development strategy of Batik MSMEs with the ANP approach which has never been done before.

Objective: This teaching case aims to expose undergraduate and graduate students to the business problems of decision-making in the development of internationalization strategies. Dilemma: This teaching case addresses the dilemmas of a small Brazilian family business when making the decision to internationalize in the Portuguese market. A small family business, which operates in the architecture, decoration, and construction sector, in the production of customized works in ornamental stones, which is faced with the opportunity to serve customers in the Portuguese market, after a long period operating only in the national market. Relevance/originality: The case presents itself as an original and real opportunity for the professor to work on internationalization strategies, revitalizing concepts of value proposition, decision-making, adequacy of products and markets and is indicated for application in strategy disciplines in undergraduate and graduate courses., Objetivo: Este Caso de ensino tem como objetivo expor alunos de graduação e pós-graduação às problemáticas empresarias de tomada de decisão no desenvolvimento de estratégias de internacionalização. Dilema: Este caso de ensino aborda os dilemas de uma pequena empresa familiar brasileira ao tomar a decisão de internacionalização no mercado português. Uma empresa familiar de pequeno porte, que atua no setor de arquitetura, decoração e construção, na produção de obras personalizadas em rochas ornamentais, que se depara com a oportunidade de atender clientes no mercado português, depois de um longo período atuando apenas no mercado nacional. Relevância/originalidade: O caso se apresenta como uma oportunidade original e real para o professor trabalhar estratégias de internacionalização, revitalizando conceitos de proposta de valor, tomada de decisão, adequação de produtos e mercados e é indicado para aplicação em disciplinas de estratégia em cursos de graduação e pós-graduação., Objetivo: Este caso docente tiene como objetivo exponer a estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado a la problemática empresarial de la toma de decisiones en el desarrollo de estrategias de internacionalización. Dilema: Este caso docente aborda los dilemas de una pequeña empresa familiar brasileña a la hora de tomar la decisión de internacionalizarse en el mercado portugués. Una pequeña empresa familiar, que opera en el sector de la arquitectura, la decoración y la construcción, en la producción de obras personalizadas en piedras ornamentales, que se enfrenta a la oportunidad de atender a los clientes en el mercado portugués, después de un largo período operando solo en el mercado nacional. Relevancia/originalidad: El caso se presenta como una oportunidad original y real para que el profesor trabaje en estrategias de internacionalización, revitalizando conceptos de propuesta de valor, toma de decisiones, adecuación de productos y mercados y está indicado para su aplicación en disciplinas de estrategia en cursos de pregrado y posgrado.

In today’s fast-paced business landscape, adapting quickly to change is crucial for staying competitive. While valuable insights are plentiful, converting them into actionable plans presents notable challenges. To address this, many organizations rely on SWOT analysis, a framework that assesses both the helpful and harmful, as well as the internal and external factors. Unfortunately, the traditional SWOT has several limitations that actually don’t help prioritize those helpful or harmful factors, nor does it help develop concrete actionable steps to address those factors. The objective of this article is twofold. This paper will 1) Describe SWOT and its limitations and 2) Introduce a new method that addresses the traditional framework’s shortcomings so it can reach its full potential.

In today’s rapidly evolving business environment, a clear, strategic plan is paramount. Without one, organizations risk being overtaken by market, technological, and geopolitical changes. Unfortunately, most strategic plans fail to deliver their full potential, which can be attributed to overlooking a key factor in human decision-making: emotions. After all, humans will make the decisions about strategy adoption, implementation, and execution. This paper proposes an emotionally-based, purpose-driven method to create strategic plans that maximize motivation.

The way that strategists think about their customer markets is based on the outdated idea that each person represents a unit within a market. Today, many companies still use terms like ‘mass market,’ or strategies like the ‘all the people are customers’ strategy, or ‘only certain types of people’ are our customers (‘segmentation’ strategies). When companies define a ‘market’ as a certain number or type of customer, they put artificial constraints on their solutions, with the most glaring being that certain solutions are only for certain people. These constraints hinder innovation and limit growth. As intelligent experiences begin to dominate business models and dramatically increase customer expectations, it is a strategic imperative that we create a ‘new’ definition of what constitutes a “market.” Ironically, the answer may lie with what seems to be the common definition of the word “market;” a situation in which a customer has a need and a company has a solution. Therefore, anyone who finds themselves in a situation where they need a solution can and will find that solution immediately. The objective of this article is to explain the concept of a situational market, distinct from the traditional concept of a market, and to propose an approach for sizing situational markets. This approach enables companies to build new market strategies that create far more revenue.

A sound strategy system (often called strategy management system) is essential to the long-term success of any organization. It is the comprehensive and integrated set of continuously executed strategy-related activities that permits an organization to be effective, agile, and efficient in today’s increasingly competitive, global and technology-driven market. Yet, despite its importance and all that has been learned since the launch of the business strategy revolution in the 1960s, most organizations are still having great difficulties devising and implementing such a complex system. The absence of a sound management system, in turn, is probably the key factor explaining why 50% to 90% of strategic initiatives fail and why the life expectancy of organizations is in a serious decline. To begin addressing this important gap, the objective of this article is to make an initial attempt to illustrate the key components of a strategy system and how they are related to one another. To do so, we rely on a modeling technique from systems thinking. In addition to identifying the key components of such a system, this technique enables us to capture the feedback loops amongst these key components that strategists and executives must understand and put in place for their organization to be effective, agile, and efficient to succeed in the long-term.

Most people would presumably agree that a strategy framework, often called a strategic plan, is essential for making change and innovating. A strategy framework consists of various choices and combinations of vision, mission, goals, priorities, initiatives, pillars, plans, tactics, diagnosis, metrics and so on. Yet, the one component that is most often missing in a strategic framework, is a strategy. One reason for this absence is confusion about what strategy is, including the belief that the framework with all of its components – often including long lists – is itself the strategy. The objective of this article is to clarify the difference between a strategy and a strategy framework and introduce the strategy -) bottleneck -) aspiration triad, the design of which is a valuable first step for incorporating a strategy into a strategy framework.

All strategy is a hypothesis and its implementation is an experiment in execution. Strategic actions selected for implementation are those with the greatest likelihood of moving the organization closer to achieving its vision, mission, and values. Unfortunately, when making decisions about strategy, most leaders rely too heavily on intuition and their causal reasoning may be flawed. The objective of this article is to propose a novel method of inquiry based on evaluative thinking that can aid leaders in explaining how and why a particular combination of strategic actions are working in the way that they intended.

People routinely conceive of themselves in their career in both stable and dynamic ways. Individuals may draw common threads across their various career experiences and aspirations to form a stable anchor for their career identity, yet, at the same time, dynamically adapt their self-concept in the context of their career. In this paper, we call attention to the anchoring and evolving forces that people experience as a paradox for their career identity and theorize “career identifying” as an ongoing process of career identity maintenance and change. As individuals contend with career identity tensions, they make adjustments to maintain a balance of anchoring and evolving forces on their career identity or to make shifts that accumulate into career identity change. The career identifying process accounts for both career identity maintenance and change in a single theoretical model that explains how career identity can change over time while being stable enough to make coherent career choices.

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology trend is transforming business and society. This creates a need to understand strategic behavior in the consumer IoT, where firms tend to offer multiple platform devices, and new generations of devices are introduced frequently. We propose a novel analytical model that formalizes the concept of a multiplatform firm that offers a system of platforms, such as a smartphone, and a new platform device, such as a smartwatch, and orchestrates a multiplatform ecosystem. The analysis shows how a platform design decision, like offering a new standalone device, affects consumer choices and market outcomes. We identify two classes of new devices that matter, and show when a new platform device may disrupt the smartphone market. Moreover, we characterize conditions under which it is profitable for a vendor to make its new platform device look and feel more like its smartphone. Overall, we provide insights into how multiplatform firms differ from platform firms. We identify future research opportunities on the economics of consumer IoT and multiplatform ecosystems.

This article provides three major contributions to the literature: we provide granular information on the development of student argumentative writing across secondary school; we replicate the MacArthur et al. model of Natural Language Processing (NLP) writing features that predict quality with a younger group of students; and we are able to examine the differences for students across language status. In our study, we sought to find the average levels of text length, cohesion, connectives, syntactic complexity, and word-level complexity in this sample across Grades 7-12 by sex, by English learner status, and for essays scoring above and below the median holistic score. Mean levels of variables by grade suggest a developmental progression with respect to text length, with the text length increasing with grade level, but the other variables in the model were fairly stable. Sex did not seem to affect the model in meaningful ways beyond the increased fluency of women writers. We saw text length and word level differences between initially designated and redesignated bilingual students compared to their English-only peers. Finally, we see that the model works better with our higher scoring essays and is less effective explaining the lower scoring essays.

The place of work in organization studies and management has waxed and waned. Yet, today, social and technological developments have raised again interest in the study of work and this curated discussion brings together experts in key approaches to this topic. Seven contributions have been selected to provide a panorama of what we know about work while pointing to some uncharted territories worthy of future exploration. The contributions outline the principles behind and value of systemic, contextualized, or holistic view of work and report insights on how changes in some work components reverberate in its broader ecology. We hope this curated discussion will make us more aware of the collective journey scholars have charted so far while posing new questions and opening or re-directing new avenues of inquiry.

The aviation industry is a highly competitive industry, with airlines constantly adjusting their capacity in response to changes in demand and other market factors. To stay ahead of the competition, it is essential that airlines closely monitor their competitors’ capacity adjustments and respond appropriately. To meet this need, a pilot project was undertaken to create a tool developed in Power BI to monitor capacity adjustments, trends, and strategies of Air France’s main competitor airlines on a weekly basis. All these elements can benefit different departments, including revenue management, network planning or corporate strategy. Revenue management can adjust pricing and inventory strategies, network planning can identify new market opportunities or threats in order to adjust its routes, and corporate strategy can gain insights on mergers and acquisitions, partnerships and other strategic initiatives. All in all, it has the potential to improve the competitiveness of both the airline and the Air France-KLM group.

Purpose: Sustainability and ESG criteria are gaining more and more relevance, and the insurance industry is playing a relevant role in the sustainability transition. Therefore, this study aims to review existing academic literature on ESG criteria in the insurance industry. Specifically, it addresses the determinants in three objectives: First, analysing the focus on sustainability considering the three dimensions of the ESG framework: environment, social and governance; the second one, focusing on the relevant topics in the insurance industry involving the ESG criteria. And finally, identifying the main gaps and point out new research lines. Design/methodology: The research was conducted through a systematic literature review considering published articles of Web of Science and Scopus. Originality/value: Although the insurance industry has a very relevant weight into the economy and the society, and it plays a key role in promoting the transition to a low-carbon economy, we noticed that there are not many scientific articles on this subject. Findings: Findings contribute to the body of literature on sustainable finance, providing a new and complete overview about how ESG criteria implementation has been approached in the insurance industry: mapping research streams, analysing the ESG approach, and identifying research gaps in this domain. Practical implications: This article wants to provide a broader and a more structured knowledge about ESG criteria implementation, and to help managers and insurance companies to move forward with sustainability strategies, and to identify the future lines of research. Social Implications: Business sustainability aims to combine market logic with social welfare logic, but we have found little activity on how insurance companies develop the social dimension within the ESG perspective, as a way to influence the community by promoting equal practices, access to education, etc, Peer Reviewed

The literature review aims to explore how companies collaborate with management consulting service providers. Also, the review identifies collaboration impact on company’s strategy and encompasses relevant theories and research results performed and developed in the field of management consulting, strategy and its development over decades as a supportive service for companies.; Literature review results are obtained with qualitative methods - by exploring insight from diverse selection of works covering management consulting and competitive strategy. Insights are analyzed by revealing patterns of how management consulting providers use their expertise to help their clients - various size companies in their path to craft the strategy or solve business related problems. Also, how management consulting firms identify their strategy-as-practice niche and create perception of value creation ability for clients. ; Research results indicate a connection between management consulting services and strategy as a service and practice and need for external knowledge and experience-based expertise. Findings indicate that for small and medium-sized companies it is often hard to craft and implement a competitive strategy with limited resources and inner management solution generating and executing capacity. Struggles that companies will face on the transformative path are decision taking in solving problems, change of a business model and setting up overall strategic direction and goals.; Research limitations relate to companies that experience struggle of how to craft strategies in collaboration with management consulting services that are provided by professionals that work with various size companies and industries.; The value of this paper is a literature review that covers up-to-date knowledge of what is known and what should be more deeply explored. Review includes the indication and collaboration opportunity direction of how to create a competitive strategy for various and

The integration of research activities in universities of applied sciences (UASs) has led to the transformation of these universities into organisations with two primary processes: research and education. Although many believe in the benefits of combining research and education in one organisation, which is referred to as synergy in this study, research–education synergies have rarely been empirically investigated, particularly in the UAS context. Thus, this research investigates the intended synergy between the research and education of UASs by conducting a document analysis of their university-wide strategic policy. The findings show that UASs aim for synergies among people, UAS organisations and outside UAS organisations, with a focus on education-oriented synergies. This study provides an initial understanding of the strategic aims of UASs considering research–education synergy. The findings provide direction and a framework for future research and form a base for making explicit strategic choices for research–education connections in universities.

The Manufacturing SMEs in Zone 5 – Ecuador maintain operations that allow them to survive; however, they face a problem that currently jeopardizes their market presence. This issue is related to their limited competitiveness, which stems from weak and sometimes empirical strategic management. This situation prompted an investigation into the strategic management practices of these businesses and how they influence competitiveness. It was considered necessary for management to focus on: strategic human talent management, the use of ICTs, the implementation of quality measures, marketing, production management, and especially strategic planning. The objective is to establish how strategic management fosters the competitiveness of Manufacturing SMEs in Zone 5 – Ecuador. The methodology focused on a quantitative, descriptive, exploratory, and correlational approach. Additionally, a survey was conducted with owners or managers of the SMEs under study, totaling 112 respondents. Together with the theoretical description of variables and the use of the statistical software SPSS for hypothesis testing through the Chi-Square test, a p-value < 0.05 was obtained, thus proving the cause-effect relationship. In conclusion, strategic management does influence the competitiveness of Manufacturing SMEs in Zone 5., Las Pymes Manufactureras de la Zona 5 – Ecuador, mantienen operaciones que les permiten subsistir; pero, manteniendo un problema que en la actualidad pone en riesgo su permanencia en el mercado, este se relaciona con las escasas muestras de competitividad, como respuesta a una gestión estratégica que es débil y que en algunos casos llega a ser empírica. Lo expuesto llevó a investigar sobre la gestión estratégica que ejecutan estos negocios y la forma en que esta influye en la competitividad; considerando que, es necesario que la gestión deba centrarse en: ser estratégicos al administrar el talento humano, al usar las TIC’s, al implementar medidas de calidad, al emplear marketing, al gestionar la producción; y, especialmente al planear estratégicamente. Como objetivo se pretende establecer cómo la gestión estratégica fomenta la competitividad de las PYMES Manufactureras de la Zona 5 – Ecuador. La metodología estuvo centrada en un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, exploratorio y correlacional; además, se aplicó una encuesta dirigida a quienes son dueños o administradores de las PYMES sujetas al estudio, en total 112; y, junto con la descripción teórica de variables y el empleo del software estadístico SPSS para la prueba de hipótesis, a través del Chi Cuadrado, se obtuvo un valor p valor < a 0,05; por ende, se probó la relación causa-efecto. En conclusión, la gestión estratégica sí influye en la competitividad de las PYMES Manufactureras de la Zona 5., Las Pymes Manufactureras de la Zona 5 – Ecuador, mantienen operaciones que les permiten subsistir; pero, manteniendo un problema que en la actualidad pone en riesgo su permanencia en el mercado, este se relaciona con las escasas muestras de competitividad, como respuesta a una gestión estratégica que es débil y que en algunos casos llega a ser empírica. Lo expuesto llevó a investigar sobre la gestión estratégica que ejecutan estos negocios y la forma en que esta influye en la competitividad; considerando que, es necesario que la gestión deba centrarse en: ser estratégicos al administrar el talento humano, al usar las TIC’s, al implementar medidas de calidad, al emplear marketing, al gestionar la producción; y, especialmente al planear estratégicamente. Como objetivo se pretende establecer cómo la gestión estratégica fomenta la competitividad de las PYMES Manufactureras de la Zona 5 – Ecuador. La metodología estuvo centrada en un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, exploratorio y correlacional; además, se aplicó una encuesta dirigida a quienes son dueños o administradores de las PYMES sujetas al estudio, en total 112; y, junto con la descripción teórica de variables y el empleo del software estadístico SPSS para la prueba de hipótesis, a través del Chi Cuadrado, se obtuvo un valor p valor < a 0,05; por ende, se probó la relación causa-efecto. En conclusión, la gestión estratégica sí influye en la competitividad de las PYMES Manufactureras de la Zona 5.

Integration of the environment into business is now a reality that requires structural changes. This includes adopting eco-innovations in products, production processes, and business management to achieve competitive survival. Previous studies suggest that eco-innovation is driven by external pressures from legislators, stakeholders, technology, markets, and rivals. However, the literature lacks information on the internal mechanisms that drive and transform external pressures into eco-innovations. This research aims to discuss the mediating role of environmental strategy in the relationship between external pressures and eco-innovation. Based on data from 102 Spanish footwear companies, the study proposes a model of structural equations. The results indicate that proactive environmental strategy is the internal mechanism required to integrate profitable eco-innovation into the firm in response to environmental pressures. This finding highlights the importance of taking a holistic perspective and integrating environmental considerations into business management, and these findings have implications for managers and policy makers.

This study provides a valuable understanding of the strategies deployed by local policymakers in urban logistics to effectively manage future possibilities and their consequences. These valuable insights serve as the foundation for the development of an adaptive approach to urban logistics policy-making. A strategic framework is presented, which incorporates adaptive capacity-building strategies aligned with the various phases outlined in the current EU SULP guidelines.

The study was motivated by MRI's research conducted at the end of 2021, which was announced during the 5th Infobank Satisfaction, Loyalty & Engagement (SLE) Award 2022. Bank Muamalat ranked first in Loyalty Index, Engagement Index, and Marketing Engagement. The achievement is credited to the efforts of Bank Muamalat KC Banjarmasin, which played a pioneering role in this accomplishment. This research is a qualitative study that uses both primary and secondary data. The subjects of the research are Branch Managers and Relationship Managers at Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Banjarmasin Branch. The research object is the strategies used by Bank Muamalat Banjarmasin Branch. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are Inductive and Grounded theory approaches. The results of the research show that the strategies used by Bank Muamalat to maintain customer loyalty involve several steps. Firstly, they select potential market segments that include Muslim customers with high religiosity and a good level of education. Next, Bank Muamalat always strives to maintain customer trust, provide the best services, and engage in intensive communication. Continuous evaluation and monitoring are also conducted to support efforts in maintaining customer loyalty, including assessing the usage of their products by customers, conducting customer satisfaction surveys, and utilizing surveys conducted by independent institutions. Keywords: Strategy, Loyalty, Bank Muamalat, Penelitian dilatarbelakangi dengan Studi yang dilakukan oleh MRI (Market Research Indonesia) pada akhir tahun 2021 yang diumumkan dalam ajang 5th Infobank Satisfaction, Loyalty & Engagment (SLE) Award 2022, bank muamalat berada diposisi pertama pada Loyalty Index, Engagement Index, dan Marketing Engagment. Dalam perolehan ini tak terlepas dari usaha bank muamalat KC Banjarmasin yang menjadi salah satu pionir yang bergerak di dalam pencapaian tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah Branch Manager dan Realitionship Manager di Bank Muamalat Indonesia Kantor Cabang Banjarmasin. Dengan objek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah strategi yang digunakan Bank Muamalat Kantor Cabang Banjarmasin. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Kemudian Teknik analisis datanya dengan Induksi dan Grounded. Hasil dalam penelitian pada analisis strategi bank dalam mempertahankan loyalitas nasabah yaitu sebelumnya pihak bank akan melakukan pemilihan beberapa segmen pasar yang berpotensi menjadi nasabah loyal seperti nasabah muslim, tingkat religiusitas yang tinggi serta tingkat Pendidikan yang baik. Selanjutnya pihak bank akan selalu menjaga kepercayaan nasabah, memberikan pelayanan yang terbaik serta komunikasi yang intens. Serta dilakukannya evaluasi monitoring sebagai penunjangnya dalam menjaga tingkat loyalitas nasabah dengan melihat seberapa banyak produk yang digunakan nasabah, survey kepuasan nasabah dan survey yang dilakukan oleh Lembaga independen

A total of 417 intangible cultural heritage objects (ICHOs) are intertwined with traditional Chinese art, showcasing China’s rich historical heritage and distinctive creative allure. However, ICHOs currently grapple with a significant succession quandary due to modernization endeavors and the impacts of globalization. Hence, this study scrutinizes the spatial distribution of ICHO projects and inheritors and examines methodologies for inheriting these 417 ICHOs, employing approaches such as the closest neighbor index, Moran’s I index, kernel density estimation, geographic concentration analysis, and imbalance index assessment. Research indicates that ICHOs exhibit a spatial aggregation pattern, yet there is no substantial spatial correlation observed in their distribution. The national distribution highlights two core density zones: Beijing and Shanghai. In China, ICHO programs display uneven distribution across various types, levels, regions, and cultural zones. Regarding the ethnic composition of projects and inheritors, ICHO projects predominantly focus on the Han ethnic group, with a scattering of minority representations. Minority ICHO projects and inheritors are concentrated in central and eastern areas, while Han ICHO projects and inheritors are concentrated in central and western regions. Among the 148 ICHO projects lacking inheritors, 203 have one inheritor, and only 66 have several inheritors. Shanghai serves as the core density zone for 269 ICHO projects with inheritors, while Beijing holds that status for 148 ICHO projects without inheritors. Out of the 148 ICHO projects lacking inheritors, 115 belong to the Han ethnic group, with 33 split among 16 different ethnic minorities, and 2 have no inheritors. These disparities underscore the uneven distribution of ICHO projects and the critical issue of inheritance. This study identified education, tourism, digital communication, incentivizing inheritors, and international cooperation as potential strategies for

Consumer electronics industry is not only the core field for China to move from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power, but also has become a new growth driving force of China's foreign trade and export industry. In recent years, China's consumer electronics exports have shown a strong growth momentum, with an average annual growth rate of 7%. However, with the increasing competition in the consumer electronics industry and the continuous rise of commodity prices, China's consumer electronics foreign trade companies have also encountered unprecedented challenges in the overseas markets.In this study, Guangdong Lixun Precision Industry Co., Ltd. was selected as a case to make a comprehensive analysis of its export business. Through in-depth discussion of the company's export scale, market distribution, product structure and challenges, this paper reveals the problems in customer group diversification, production automation, product market risk and production delivery capacity. To solve these problems, this study proposes a series of practical countermeasures to enhance the market competitiveness and the sustainability of the export business. Suggestions include using sales channels such as e-commerce platforms to expand overseas markets, increasing investment in research and development to promote product innovation, optimize business structure to improve the ability to resist risks, improve automation level to enhance export delivery capacity, etc. By implementing these strategies, Lixun Precision is expected to further consolidate its leading position in the global consumer electronics industry and provide valuable lessons for other companies in the industry.