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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka relationen mellan hund och boende på äldreboende i olika vardagssituationer samt hur relationen mellan hund och äldre på äldreboende påverkar den äldres välbefinnande. Deltagande observationer samt en kompletterande semistrukturerad intervju har använts för att införskaffa data. Observationerna genomfördes under hundträffar på ett äldreboende och det var även på äldreboendet den semistrukturerade intervjun genomfördes. Datamaterialet analyserades genom tillämpning av Goffmans interaktionsteori och Aaron Antonovskys teori känsla av sammanhang (KASAM). Resultatet påvisade att hundar bidrog med glädje och engagemang hos de äldre under den direkta interaktionen. Hundarna hade en stor betydelse för hur interaktionerna utformades. Det är även möjligt att hundträffarna bidrog till en mer meningsfull vardag för de äldre. Utifrån detta kan hundträffar antas vara en betydelsefull insats som skulle vara effektiv hos institutionaliserade äldre. Insatsen skulle även kunna vara betydelsefull inom andra målgrupper men för att detta ska säkerställas krävs vidare forskning på området. Sammanfattningsvis har studien förhoppningsvis bidragit till att förbättra förståelsen för en insats som kan motverka problemet med ensamhet inom den institutionaliserade äldrevården., The aim of this study is to examine the dog resident relationship in a nursing home within different everyday situations. In addition, the aim is also to examine how the relationship between a dog and the elderly in a nursing home affects the well-being of the elderly. Participant observations and a complementary semi-structured interview have been used to acquire data. The observations were carried out during dog meetings at a nursing home, which was also the case with the semi-structured interview. The data was analysed through Goffman's interaction theory and Aaron Antonovskys theory Sense of Coherence. The results showed that dogs contributed to the happiness and commitment of the elderly during their direct interaction. The dogs had a great influence over the interactions. It is also possible that the dog meetings contributed to a more meaningful everyday life for the elderly. Based on this, dog meetings can be assumed to be a significant intervention that would be effective in institutionalized elderly. The effort could also be significant within other target groups, but to ensure this, further research in the area is required. In summary, the study has hopefully contributed to improving the understanding of an intervention that can counter the problem of loneliness within institutionalized care for the elderly.

Denna studie bygger på åtta enskilda intervjuer med undersköterskor, servicepersonal, enhetschef och socialchef inom en organisation. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur ledning och personal upplever den nyligen implementerade differentieringen av arbetsuppgifter på ett särskilt boende för äldre. I resultatet presenteras en tematisk analys bestående av följande teman: differentierat arbetssätt – från motiv till ökad status, frigjord tid på gott och ont samt ökade sociala kontakter. I temat differentierat arbetssätt – från motiv till ökad status presenteras motiven till arbetssättet och en beskrivning av vad differentieringen innebär i praktiken. I temat frigjord tid på gott och ont presenteras vad den frigjorda tiden används till och dess konsekvenser. I temat ökade sociala kontakter beskrivs det hur de sociala relationerna mellan de äldre och personalen har ökat och vad det får för konsekvenser för de äldre. Resultatet analyseras sedan med hjälp av organisationsteoretiska begrepp tillhörande det instrumentella perspektivet på organisationer. Slutsatsen är att ledningen och personalen handlat målrationellt i förhållande till förändringen i verksamheten. Differentieringen av arbetsuppgifter beskrivs på olika sätt av intervjupersonerna beroende av deras positioner och roller i organisationen. Utifrån arbetsdelning och förändrade rutiner i verksamheten beskriver undersköterskorna frigjord tid, minskad stress och tillsammans med servicepersonalen beskrivs också ökade sociala kontakter med de äldre., This study is based on a total of eight individual interviews with nursing assistants, service personnel, unit manager and head of social services in the organization. The purpose is to increase understanding of how management and staff perceive the recently implemented task differentiation at a selected retirement home for elderly. The results present a thematic analysis on the following themes: task differentiation – from motive to increased status, liberated time for better or worse, and increased social contacts. Under the theme of task differentiation – from motive to increased status, the motives for the approach are presented along with a description of what it entails in practice. Under the theme of liberated time for better or worse, what the liberated time has been used for and its consequences are presented. Under the theme of increased social contacts, developed social relationships between the elderly and the staff at the retirement home and its consequences for the elderly are presented. The results are then analysed using organizational theoretical concepts belonging to the instrumental perspective on organizations. The conclusion is that the management and staff have acted in a rationally way in relation to the goals of the organization. Task differentiation is described in various ways by the interviewees depending on their positions and roles in the organization. Based on the division of labour and the changed routines in the organization the nursing assistants describe freed-up time, reduced stress, and, together with the service staff, also increased social contacts with the elderly.

Il progetto di ricerca è in un percorso di Dottorato Executive all’interno della convenzione tra la Residenza Sanitaria Assistenziale “Casa di Riposo Fondazione Fratelli Enrico e Antonio Nobili Onlus” di Viganò Brianza (Lc) e l’Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca. La ricerca ha lo scopo di individuare elementi utili per migliorare la qualità dell’accoglienza degli anziani e delle loro famiglie, di acquisire dati funzionali ad analizzare e potenziare le attività di cura e di mettere a fuoco quali criticità possono condizionare l’ingresso, soprattutto in riferimento al rischio di esclusione dei familiari, messo ben in luce nell’esperienza della pandemia Covid-19. Il contesto a cui lo studio fa riferimento è quello dei bisogni relativi alla cura e all’assistenza degli anziani non autosufficienti, all’interno del fenomeno dell’invecchiamento della popolazione. La ricerca mette in luce la portata politica, economica, sociale, culturale e pedagogica dei cambiamenti in corso e si dedica al focus dell’esperienza dell’ingresso in Rsa dal punto di vista dei familiari. La scelta di indagare il tema ascoltando le testimonianze dei soggetti protagonisti ha posto la ricerca nella cornice del paradigma ecologico (Mortari 2007) e del panorama dei metodi qualitativi (Denzin & Lincoln 2011; Mantovani 1998). Sono state realizzate ventitré interviste fenomenologiche (Sità 2012) a undici familiari e a dodici operatori scelti perché in posizioni funzionali in merito a ruolo ed esperienza. L’indagine ha coinvolto anche quattro strutture collocate in territori diversi da quello lombardo al fine di raccogliere dati utili con particolare riferimento a prassi esemplari e collaudate dai servizi. Dall’analisi delle interviste emergono risultati utili ad orientare azioni funzionali ad un ingresso non solo facilitante, ma anche propedeutico a tutto il percorso successivo di vita in Rsa. Il confronto tra i significati raccolti e incrociati ha reso possibile una maggiore conoscenza d, This research project is the result of an Executive PhD program, within an agreement between the "Casa di Riposo Fondazione Fratelli Enrico e Antonio Nobili Onlus" in Viganò Brianza (LC) and the University of Milano-Bicocca. The research aimed to identify useful elements to improve the quality of reception for the elderly and their families in Retirement Home, at acquiring functional elements to analyse and enhance care activities and at illuminate critical aspects that can influence the interaction with the facility, particularly concerning the risk of exclusion of family members, well highlighted during the experience of the Covid-19 pandemic. The study is set in the contest of the care and assistance of not self-sufficient elderly within the phenomenon of population aging. The research highlights the political, economic, social, cultural, and pedagogical significance of the ongoing changes, with a focus on the experience of entering a nursing home from the point of view of family members. The decision to investigate the theme by listening to the testimonies of the protagonists placed the research in the framework of the ecological paradigm (Mortari 2007) and the panorama of qualitative methods (Denzin & Lincoln 2011; Mantovani, 1998). The study was grounded on twenty-three phenomenological interviews (Sità, 2012) with eleven family members and twelve operators chosen for their specific role and experience. The research also involved four facilities located in territories other than Lombardy to collect useful data with particular reference to exemplary and well-established practices within the services. The analysis of the interviews provided useful insights to guide functional actions to allow an entry not only facilitating, but also preparatory to the entire subsequent path of life in Retirement Home. The comparison between the collected meanings has provided a better understanding of the operator-family relationship which appears to be the core of the enterin

Denna studie bygger på åtta enskilda intervjuer med undersköterskor, servicepersonal, enhetschef och socialchef inom en organisation. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur ledning och personal upplever den nyligen implementerade differentieringen av arbetsuppgifter på ett särskilt boende för äldre. I resultatet presenteras en tematisk analys bestående av följande teman: differentierat arbetssätt – från motiv till ökad status, frigjord tid på gott och ont samt ökade sociala kontakter. I temat differentierat arbetssätt – från motiv till ökad status presenteras motiven till arbetssättet och en beskrivning av vad differentieringen innebär i praktiken. I temat frigjord tid på gott och ont presenteras vad den frigjorda tiden används till och dess konsekvenser. I temat ökade sociala kontakter beskrivs det hur de sociala relationerna mellan de äldre och personalen har ökat och vad det får för konsekvenser för de äldre. Resultatet analyseras sedan med hjälp av organisationsteoretiska begrepp tillhörande det instrumentella perspektivet på organisationer. Slutsatsen är att ledningen och personalen handlat målrationellt i förhållande till förändringen i verksamheten. Differentieringen av arbetsuppgifter beskrivs på olika sätt av intervjupersonerna beroende av deras positioner och roller i organisationen. Utifrån arbetsdelning och förändrade rutiner i verksamheten beskriver undersköterskorna frigjord tid, minskad stress och tillsammans med servicepersonalen beskrivs också ökade sociala kontakter med de äldre., This study is based on a total of eight individual interviews with nursing assistants, service personnel, unit manager and head of social services in the organization. The purpose is to increase understanding of how management and staff perceive the recently implemented task differentiation at a selected retirement home for elderly. The results present a thematic analysis on the following themes: task differentiation – from motive to increased status, liberated time for better or worse, and increased social contacts. Under the theme of task differentiation – from motive to increased status, the motives for the approach are presented along with a description of what it entails in practice. Under the theme of liberated time for better or worse, what the liberated time has been used for and its consequences are presented. Under the theme of increased social contacts, developed social relationships between the elderly and the staff at the retirement home and its consequences for the elderly are presented. The results are then analysed using organizational theoretical concepts belonging to the instrumental perspective on organizations. The conclusion is that the management and staff have acted in a rationally way in relation to the goals of the organization. Task differentiation is described in various ways by the interviewees depending on their positions and roles in the organization. Based on the division of labour and the changed routines in the organization the nursing assistants describe freed-up time, reduced stress, and, together with the service staff, also increased social contacts with the elderly.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka relationen mellan hund och boende på äldreboende i olika vardagssituationer samt hur relationen mellan hund och äldre på äldreboende påverkar den äldres välbefinnande. Deltagande observationer samt en kompletterande semistrukturerad intervju har använts för att införskaffa data. Observationerna genomfördes under hundträffar på ett äldreboende och det var även på äldreboendet den semistrukturerade intervjun genomfördes. Datamaterialet analyserades genom tillämpning av Goffmans interaktionsteori och Aaron Antonovskys teori känsla av sammanhang (KASAM). Resultatet påvisade att hundar bidrog med glädje och engagemang hos de äldre under den direkta interaktionen. Hundarna hade en stor betydelse för hur interaktionerna utformades. Det är även möjligt att hundträffarna bidrog till en mer meningsfull vardag för de äldre. Utifrån detta kan hundträffar antas vara en betydelsefull insats som skulle vara effektiv hos institutionaliserade äldre. Insatsen skulle även kunna vara betydelsefull inom andra målgrupper men för att detta ska säkerställas krävs vidare forskning på området. Sammanfattningsvis har studien förhoppningsvis bidragit till att förbättra förståelsen för en insats som kan motverka problemet med ensamhet inom den institutionaliserade äldrevården., The aim of this study is to examine the dog resident relationship in a nursing home within different everyday situations. In addition, the aim is also to examine how the relationship between a dog and the elderly in a nursing home affects the well-being of the elderly. Participant observations and a complementary semi-structured interview have been used to acquire data. The observations were carried out during dog meetings at a nursing home, which was also the case with the semi-structured interview. The data was analysed through Goffman's interaction theory and Aaron Antonovskys theory Sense of Coherence. The results showed that dogs contributed to the happiness and commitment of the elderly during their direct interaction. The dogs had a great influence over the interactions. It is also possible that the dog meetings contributed to a more meaningful everyday life for the elderly. Based on this, dog meetings can be assumed to be a significant intervention that would be effective in institutionalized elderly. The effort could also be significant within other target groups, but to ensure this, further research in the area is required. In summary, the study has hopefully contributed to improving the understanding of an intervention that can counter the problem of loneliness within institutionalized care for the elderly.

Long-term care facilities have been widely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical evidence demonstrated that older people are the most impacted and are at higher risk of mortality after being infected. Regularly testing care facility residents is a practical approach to detecting infections proactively. In many cases, the care staff must perform the tests on the residents while also providing essential care, which in turn causes imbalances in their working time. Once an outbreak occurs, suppressing the spread of the virus in retirement homes (RHs) is challenging because the residents are in contact with each other, and isolation measures cannot be widely enforced. Regular testing strategies, on the other hand, have been shown to effectively prevent outbreaks in RHs. However, high-frequency testing may consume substantial staff working time, which results in a trade-off between the time invested in testing and the time spent providing essential care to residents.

Population decline in rural areas is observed in almost every European country. In Croatia, there are no meaningful strategies to mitigate the consequences of depopulation. As a result, many rural communities have already disappeared, while more are becoming unsustainable. Krapina-Zagorje is a region severely impacted by the shrinking and aging of its population. This thesis approaches depopulation from an architectural viewpoint. The retirement home typology is leveraged to address senior care needs while improving the long-term sustainability of rural communities. To design a realistic and economical retirement home, the legal framework in Croatia was investigated. Along with this, several reference projects have been examined, demonstrating the development of retirement homes in the last 70 years. To integrate the design proposal into the local context and to make use of the qualities of existing rural patterns, a detailed survey of the region was carried out in search of good building sites. During early planning, the chosen site and its surroundings were taken as a starting point. A retirement home for 60 residents was deemed appropriate given the site's dimensions. The home's common areas were expanded to service the senior residents of the surrounding village, integrating it into the existing community. The retirement home as a typology was found to have great potential to act towards revitalisation of rural areas, which was demonstrated in the design proposal. However, for this potential to materialize in other projects, a committed and meaningful architectural interaction with the building's wider context is always necessary.

Tato práce pojednává o klientech domova pro seniory. Zaměřuje se na jejich individuální pocity, jak vnímají domov pro seniory a zda plnohodnotně vytváří a supluje funkci domova z emočního, ale i materiálního hlediska. A zároveň se zaměřuje, které faktory tyto subjektivní pocity ovlivňují. V práci jsou popsány hlavní pojmy z oblasti gerontologie a geriatrie, pojem stárnutí a jeho projevy. Dále je popsána adaptace, její proces a adaptace na prostředí. Popisuje potřeby seniora a proměny sociálních rolí například v důsledku odchodu do důchodu. Práce se věnuje i popisu domova pro seniory, komu je služba určená a v jakém zákoně je ukotvena. Mapuje názory klientů na prostředí domova i jejich předchozího domova. Dále se zabývá popisem faktorů, které ovlivnily jejich pocity a názory na tento domov., This work is about the clients of a home for the elderly. It focuses on their individual feelings, how they perceive a home for the elderly, and whether they fully create and supercharge the function of a home from an emotional and material point of view. At the same time, it focuses on which factors influence these subjective feelings. The thesis describes the main concepts of gerontology and geriatrics, the concept of aging and its manifestations. It also describes adaptation, its process and adaptation to the environment. It describes the needs of the elderly and the transformation of social roles as a result, for example, of retirement. The work is also devoted to describing a home for the elderly, to whom the service is intended and in what law it is anchored. It charts clients' opinions about the environment of their home and their previous home. It also describes the factors that influenced their feelings and opinions about this home., Fakulta zdravotnických studií, Student/ka úspěšně obhájil/a bakalářskou práci, odpověděl/a na doplňující otázky oponenta., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Long-term care facilities have been widely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Retirement homes are particularly vulnerable due to the higher mortality risk of infected elderly individuals. Once an outbreak is happening, suppressing the spread of the virus in retirement homes is challenging because the residents are in contact with each other and isolation measures cannot be widely enforced. Regular testing strategies, on the other hand, have been shown to effectively prevent outbreaks in retirement homes. However, high frequency testing may consume substantial staff working time, which results a trade-off between the time invested in testing, and the time spent providing essential care to residents. Thus, developing an optimal testing strategy is crucial to proactively detect infections while guaranteeing efficient use of limited staff time in these facilities. Although numerous efforts have been made to prevent the virus from spreading in long-term care facilities, this is the first study to develop testing strategies based on formal optimization methods. This paper proposes two novel optimization models for testing schedules. The models aim to minimize the risk of infection in retirement homes, considering the trade-off between the probability of infection and staff workload. We employ a probabilistic approach in conjunction with the optimization models, to compute the risk of infection, including contact rates, incidence status, and the probability of infection of the residents. To solve the models, we propose an enhanced local search algorithm by leveraging the \textit{symmetry property} of the optimal solution. We perform several experiments with realistically sized instances and show that the proposed approach can derive optimal testing strategies.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det finns en stereotyp av den äldre som får bifall på sin överklagan till särskilt boende. Detta kommer undersökas med hjälp av en riktad kvalitativ innehållsanalys där de texter som kommer analyseras är domar ifrån förvaltningsrätten där äldre personer överklagat sitt biståndsbeslut. Genom att använda teorier om att göra ålder och perspektiv på makt, analyserades och tolkades utvalt empiriskt material. Analysen utfördes genom att söka efter meningsbärande delar av texten, meningar som innehåller relevant information för att kunna svara på studiens syfte. Den relevanta informationen kodades för att sedan kategoriseras, och separerades i olika teman som slutligen analyserats med teori och tidigare forskning. Studien visar att det är svårt att urskilja en stereotyp av den äldre som får bifall på sin överklagan. Denna slutsats tas då det inom kategorierna verkar skilja sig åt både mellan de olika bifallen och de olika avslagen, men även mellan avslag och bifall. Utifrån det resultatet så verkade det inte vara några vissa egenskaper som den äldre ska, eller inte ska ha för att beviljas insatsen. Slutsatsen innebär inte att en stereotyp nödvändigtvis inte existerar, men den har inte kunnat urskiljas i det empiriska materialet. Utifrån de teoretiska begrepp och den forskning som använts i studien är en trolig slutsats i stället att biståndshandläggarna tar godtyckliga beslut utifrån de givna ramar som organisationen utformat i form av kommunala riktlinjer och rådande lagstiftning. Den utredning som biståndshandläggarna skriver om den äldre, utgör sedan en del av underlaget i förvaltningsrättens dom, och det är denna del som är av intresse för denna studie., The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a stereotype of the elderly being granted their appeal to retirement homes. This will be conducted with the help of a targeted qualitative content analysis where the texts that will be analyzed are verdicts from the Administrative Court where older people have appealed their denied request for assistance. Based on theories on “making age” and perspectives on power, empirical material was analyzed. The analysis was conducted by searching for meaning-bearing parts of the text, sentences that contain relevant information to be able to answer the purpose of the study. These codes were then divided into categories, to be further divided into different themes that were finally analyzed through theory and with previous research. The study reveals that it is in fact difficult to discern a stereotype of the elderly who gets approval of their appeal. This conclusion is drawn due to categories that seems to differ both between different approvals and different refusals, but also between rejection and approval. Based on this, it did not seem to be any certain characteristics that the elder should, or should not have in order to be granted approval of special housing. This does not necessarily mean that this stereotype does not exist, it simply means that it has not been discernible in the empirical material used in this essay. Based on the theoretical concepts and the research used in the study, a plausible conclusion is instead that the development assistance administrators make arbitrary decisions based on the framework that is set by the organization in the form of municipal guidelines and current legislation. The investigation that the social workers write about the elderly then forms part of the basis in the Administrative Courts judgement, and it is this part that is of interest for this study.

The purpose of the essay was to investigate how older people's self-determination inretirement home is met, this through the care staff's perspective. To get an answer on thepurpose we used a qualitative method where we interviewed six care staff. Five of these weretrained assistant nurses and one of them worked as a care assistant, all interviewed haddifferent years of experience from the profession. Qualitative content analysis was used toanalyze the data collected through the interviews. Through the qualitative content analysis,several steps have been performed to analyze data, the work consisted of among other things,finding units of meaning, codes and then formulating themes. The results showed that theolder person, living in retirement home, may decide for himself at certain points in everydaylife. At the same time, the older person is not allowed to decide for himself to a greater extent.This dependes on both lack of time and care staff, additional factors that are affected by olderpeople's right to self - determination were physical and / or cognitive impairment. The resultwill also be that the care staff have an established value base of workers with and which isimplemented in their daily work. An analysis was made using the theoretical concept,motivation. The analysis showed, among other things, that external motivation, pressure fromthe chief in the form of lack of time and care staff lead to the elderly person not being met withself-determination to a greater extent. It also emerged from the analysis that internalmotivation in the form of dialogue and feedback from the chief at workplace meetingsregarding values base could contribute to increasing self-determination for the elderly inretirement home.

Histoire clinique d’une épidémie d’éruptions cutanées en maison de repos. Au début de l’été 2022, une éruption cutanée apparait chez plusieurs résidents d’une maison de repos. Un lundi matin, nous sommes appelés pour plusieurs visites avec le même motif : le personnel soignant a observé l’apparition d’une éruption cutanée chez plusieurs patients. En l’espace d’un week-end, cinq personnes ont développé un rash de type maculo-papuleux, disséminé sur le corps. Il n’y a pas d’autres symptômes l’accompagnant, ni de prurit. Quelques semaines auparavant, une résurgence de COVID avait touché la maison de repos. Fièvre, courbatures, atteintes des voies respiratoires avaient accablé la plupart des résidents.

El presente proyecto de grado tuvo por objetivo determinar la prefactibilidad para el montaje de un complejo residencial para adultos mayores en La Vega, Cundinamarca y se buscó analizar y determinar su viabilidad en el macroentorno a través del análisis Pestel: estudios del entorno, del mercado, técnico, legal, organizacional y financiero. El estudio de mercado es de suma importancia como punto de partida frente al análisis del público objetivo puesto que permitió establecer la viabilidad del proyecto respecto a la demanda, es decir, si se cuenta con potenciales consumidores para este tipo de servicios. De igual manera, el estudio financiero a través de la proyección de distintos escenarios aportó mayor claridad acerca de si el modelo de negocio planteado es viable para de esta manera poder convertir el estudio en un negocio real en el futuro. Con el desarrollo del presente proyecto y el planteamiento del modelo del negocio se procuró ofrecer alternativas de retiro para los adultos mayores en Colombia en un lugar del tipo club residencial o covivienda (co-housing) que les permita continuar con el desarrollo de una vida en comunidad sin necesidad de estar destinados a internarse en un asilo en el que perderían su libertad y su autonomía y en el que puedan contar con espacios y lugares con diseños adecuados para su edad y encuentren servicios complementarios que contribuyan a su día a día de modo que mantengan plena autonomía y una vida social activa y tranquila para sus años de retiro., The objective of this degree project was to determine the pre-feasibility for the assembly of a residential complex for elderly people in La Vega, Cundinamarca and it was sought to analyze and determine its viability in the macro-environment through the Pestel analysis: studies of the environment, the market, technical, legal, organizational, and financial. The market study is extremely important as a starting point against the analysis of the target audience since it will establish the viability of the project with respect to demand, that is, if there are consumers for this type of services. In the same way, the financial study through the projection of different scenarios provided greater clarity about whether the proposed business model is viable in order to turn the study into a real business in the future. With the development of this project and the approach to the business model, it was sought to offer retirement alternatives for elderly people in Colombia in a place of the type residential club or co-housing that allows them to continue with the development of a life in community without needing to be admitted to a nursing home where they would lose their freedom and autonomy and where they can have spaces and places with appropriate designs for their age and find complementary services that contribute to their day-to-day life so that they maintain full autonomy a healthy and an active and quiet social life for your retirement years.

Retirement Home facilities have been widely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The residents in these homes are usually elderly people with a high risk of mortality from being infected. Since they are in contact with each other, once an infection arrives at the facility, it propagates quickly. To prevent the outbreaks, it has been demonstrated that regular testing of the residents is the most practical approach. However, testing may result in extra time for the staff that performs the test as well as residents' discontent, which presents a trade-off between the time invested in testing, daily caring activities, and viral spread containment. We introduce a novel optimization approach for testing schedule strategies in retirement homes. We develop a mixed-integer linear programming model for balancing the staff’s workload while minimizing the expected detection time of a probable infection inside the facility. We present a probabilistic approach in conjunction with the optimization models to compute the risk of infection, including contact rates, incidence status, and the probability of infection of the residents. To tackle the combinatorial nature of the problem, we proved an efficient property, called symmetry property of optimal testing strategy and utilized it in proposing an enhanced local search algorithm. We perform several experiments with real-size instances and show that the proposed approach can derive optimal testing strategies.

Long-term care facilities have been widely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Retirement homes are particularly vulnerable due to the higher mortality risk of infected elderly individuals. Once an outbreak is happening, suppressing the spread of the virus in retirement homes is challenging because the residents are in contact with each other and isolation measures cannot be widely enforced. Regular testing strategies, on the other hand, have been shown to effectively prevent outbreaks in retirement homes. However, high frequency testing may consume substantial staff working time, which results a trade-off between the time invested in testing, and the time spent providing essential care to residents. Thus, developing an optimal testing strategy is crucial to proactively detect infections while guaranteeing efficient use of limited staff time in these facilities. Although numerous efforts have been made to prevent the virus from spreading in long-term care facilities, this is the first study to develop testing strategies based on formal optimization methods. This paper proposes two novel optimization models for testing schedules. The models aim to minimize the risk of infection in retirement homes, considering the trade-off between the probability of infection and staff workload. We employ a probabilistic approach in conjunction with the optimization models, to compute the risk of infection, including contact rates, incidence status, and the probability of infection of the residents. To solve the models, we propose an enhanced local search algorithm by leveraging the \textit{symmetry property} of the optimal solution. We perform several experiments with realistically sized instances and show that the proposed approach can derive optimal testing strategies.

Retirement Home facilities have been widely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The residents in these homes are usually elderly people with a high risk of mortality from being infected. Since they are in contact with each other, once an infection arrives at the facility, it propagates quickly. To prevent the outbreaks, it has been demonstrated that regular testing of the residents is the most practical approach. However, testing may result in extra time for the staff that performs the test as well as residents' discontent, which presents a trade-off between the time invested in testing, daily caring activities, and viral spread containment. We introduce a novel optimization approach for testing schedule strategies in retirement homes. We develop a mixed-integer linear programming model for balancing the staff’s workload while minimizing the expected detection time of a probable infection inside the facility. We present a probabilistic approach in conjunction with the optimization models to compute the risk of infection, including contact rates, incidence status, and the probability of infection of the residents. To tackle the combinatorial nature of the problem, we proved an efficient property, called symmetry property of optimal testing strategy and utilized it in proposing an enhanced local search algorithm. We perform several experiments with real-size instances and show that the proposed approach can derive optimal testing strategies.

Algorithm for computing the optimal testing strategy and reproducing the figures.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det finns en stereotyp av den äldre som får bifall på sin överklagan till särskilt boende. Detta kommer undersökas med hjälp av en riktad kvalitativ innehållsanalys där de texter som kommer analyseras är domar ifrån förvaltningsrätten där äldre personer överklagat sitt biståndsbeslut. Genom att använda teorier om att göra ålder och perspektiv på makt, analyserades och tolkades utvalt empiriskt material. Analysen utfördes genom att söka efter meningsbärande delar av texten, meningar som innehåller relevant information för att kunna svara på studiens syfte. Den relevanta informationen kodades för att sedan kategoriseras, och separerades i olika teman som slutligen analyserats med teori och tidigare forskning. Studien visar att det är svårt att urskilja en stereotyp av den äldre som får bifall på sin överklagan. Denna slutsats tas då det inom kategorierna verkar skilja sig åt både mellan de olika bifallen och de olika avslagen, men även mellan avslag och bifall. Utifrån det resultatet så verkade det inte vara några vissa egenskaper som den äldre ska, eller inte ska ha för att beviljas insatsen. Slutsatsen innebär inte att en stereotyp nödvändigtvis inte existerar, men den har inte kunnat urskiljas i det empiriska materialet. Utifrån de teoretiska begrepp och den forskning som använts i studien är en trolig slutsats i stället att biståndshandläggarna tar godtyckliga beslut utifrån de givna ramar som organisationen utformat i form av kommunala riktlinjer och rådande lagstiftning. Den utredning som biståndshandläggarna skriver om den äldre, utgör sedan en del av underlaget i förvaltningsrättens dom, och det är denna del som är av intresse för denna studie., The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a stereotype of the elderly being granted their appeal to retirement homes. This will be conducted with the help of a targeted qualitative content analysis where the texts that will be analyzed are verdicts from the Administrative Court where older people have appealed their denied request for assistance. Based on theories on “making age” and perspectives on power, empirical material was analyzed. The analysis was conducted by searching for meaning-bearing parts of the text, sentences that contain relevant information to be able to answer the purpose of the study. These codes were then divided into categories, to be further divided into different themes that were finally analyzed through theory and with previous research. The study reveals that it is in fact difficult to discern a stereotype of the elderly who gets approval of their appeal. This conclusion is drawn due to categories that seems to differ both between different approvals and different refusals, but also between rejection and approval. Based on this, it did not seem to be any certain characteristics that the elder should, or should not have in order to be granted approval of special housing. This does not necessarily mean that this stereotype does not exist, it simply means that it has not been discernible in the empirical material used in this essay. Based on the theoretical concepts and the research used in the study, a plausible conclusion is instead that the development assistance administrators make arbitrary decisions based on the framework that is set by the organization in the form of municipal guidelines and current legislation. The investigation that the social workers write about the elderly then forms part of the basis in the Administrative Courts judgement, and it is this part that is of interest for this study.

Cílem bakalářské práce je zjistit, jak zasáhla epidemie koronaviru do každodennosti uživatelů a personálu ve vybraném domově pro seniory. Dále je cílem této bakalářské práce zjistit, jak koronavirové opatření ovlivnilo zdravotní stav uživatelů a personálu. Výzkum byl proveden prostřednictvím kvalitativních metod, byly využity metody jako zúčastněné pozorování a polostrukturované rozhovory s uživateli a personálem. Pro porovnání proměny každodennosti v domově pro seniory před pandemií a po propuknutí pandemie byla provedena analýza dokumentů, konkrétně prostřednictvím záznamů v denních knihách, které jsou vedeny v domově pro seniory již po několik let. Součástí bakalářské práce je i audiovizuální výstup., The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to find out how the coronavirus epidemic affected the everyday life of users and staff in a selected home for the elderly. Furthermore, the aim of this bachelor thesis is to find out how the coronavirus measure affected the health status of users and staff. The research was carried out using qualitative methods, methods such as participatory observation and semi-structured interviews with users and staff were used. To compare the transformation of everyday life in the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic outbreaks, an analysis of documents was performed, specifically through records in daily books, which have been kept in the nursing home for several years. Part of the bachelor thesis is also audiovisual output., Fakulta filozofická, Studentka představila bakalářskou práci. Podrobněji nastínila metody a výzkumné otázky. Byly představené posudky a následně proběhla diskuse nad tématem. Práce byla obhájená., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Diplomová práce se zabývá poskytováním sociálních služeb se zaměřením na místní úroveň. Po úvodu následuje definování hlavních pojmů týkajících se problematiky sociálních služeb, jejich poskytování a financování. Poté je charakterizována situace poskytování sociálních služeb ve vybraném kraji a vybrané obci a následně je představen konkrétní poskytovatel sociálních služeb, který byl předmětem empirického výzkumu. Empirická část zahrnuje provedené dotazníkové šetření mezi klienty a vedoucími zaměstnanci Domova seniorů Drachtinka. Následuje zhodnocení současné úrovně fungování tohoto domova a následně je komparováno s dalšími vybranými poskytovateli sociální služby domov pro seniory., The diploma thesis deals with the provision of social services with the main focus on the local level. The introduction is followed by the definition of the main terms related to the issue of social services, their provision and financing. Then the situation of providing social services in the selected region and the selected municipality is characterized and then a specific provider of social services is introduced, which was the subject of empirical research. The empirical part includes a questionnaire survey conducted among clients and executives of the Retirement home Drachtinka. This is followed by an evaluation of the current level of functioning of this home and then this facility is compared with other providers of social services home for the elderly., Fakulta ekonomicko-správní, Studentka představila komisi svou diplomovou práci s názvem Poskytování sociálních služeb na místní úrovni. Cílem práce bylo charakterizovat situaci v poskytování sociálních služeb ve zvolené obci, analyzovat a zhodnotit služby poskytované vybraným zařízením sociálních služeb, posoudit ekonomickou a kvalitativní stránku fungování tohoto zařízení s ohledem na aktuální podmínky. V rámci prezentace studentka popsala cíl, postup a výsledky zpracované analýzy. Po prezentaci seznámila předsedkyně komise ostatní členy s posudky vedoucího a oponenta práce a vyzvala studentku k zodpovězení otázek z posudků. Následovala rozprava, během které byly studentce položeny následující dotazy: Otázka 1. Který zákon specifikuje klienta jako uživatele sociálních služeb? Otázka 2. Má všech pět zkoumaných poskytovatelů stejnou právní formu? Otázka 3. Jaká je vypovídající schopnost ukazatele výnosy z prodeje služeb na jednoho klienta? Studentka uvedené otázky zodpověděla., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Diplomová práce je tematicky zaměřena na význam arteterapie u seniorů. Je klasicky rozdělena na část teoretickou a praktickou. Hlavní kapitoly teoretické části jsou věnovány tématu gerontagogiky, cílové skupině, volnočasovým aktivitám v Domově pro seniory, arteterapii, popisu Domova pro seniory jako sociální služba i popisu Domova pro seniory v Lanškrouně, kde byl realizován sběr dat pro praktickou část práce. Praktická část práce je realizována na základě kvalitativní metodologie výzkumu metodou polostrukturovaných rozhovorů s klienty a pracovníky. Cílem práce je zjistit, jaký význam má arteterapie v životě seniorů v Domově pro seniory v Lanškrouně., This dissertation thesis aims to bring to light the signifikance of art therapy among seniors. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The main chapters of the theoretical part are written about gerontology, the focus group, free time activities in the retirement home and art therapy. In this section can be also found the description of retirement home as social services and the description of Retirement home in Lanškroun. That is the place where data for this project were collected. Practical part is based on qualitative approach. The data were collected as semi-structured interviews with clients and workers. The goal of this thesis is to find how relevant is art therapy in life of seniors in the Retirement home in Lanškroun., Fakulta filozofická, Studentka představila svou závěrečnou práci, její cíle, metodologii a závěry. Reagovala na otázky členů komise a dotazy z posudků., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

The purpose of the essay was to investigate how older people's self-determination inretirement home is met, this through the care staff's perspective. To get an answer on thepurpose we used a qualitative method where we interviewed six care staff. Five of these weretrained assistant nurses and one of them worked as a care assistant, all interviewed haddifferent years of experience from the profession. Qualitative content analysis was used toanalyze the data collected through the interviews. Through the qualitative content analysis,several steps have been performed to analyze data, the work consisted of among other things,finding units of meaning, codes and then formulating themes. The results showed that theolder person, living in retirement home, may decide for himself at certain points in everydaylife. At the same time, the older person is not allowed to decide for himself to a greater extent.This dependes on both lack of time and care staff, additional factors that are affected by olderpeople's right to self - determination were physical and / or cognitive impairment. The resultwill also be that the care staff have an established value base of workers with and which isimplemented in their daily work. An analysis was made using the theoretical concept,motivation. The analysis showed, among other things, that external motivation, pressure fromthe chief in the form of lack of time and care staff lead to the elderly person not being met withself-determination to a greater extent. It also emerged from the analysis that internalmotivation in the form of dialogue and feedback from the chief at workplace meetingsregarding values base could contribute to increasing self-determination for the elderly inretirement home.

Long-term care facilities have been widely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Retirement homes are particularly vulnerable due to the higher mortality risk of infected elderly individuals. Once an outbreak is happening, suppressing the spread of the virus in retirement homes is challenging because the residents are in contact with each other and isolation measures cannot be widely enforced. Regular testing strategies, on the other hand, have been shown to effectively prevent outbreaks in retirement homes. However, high frequency testing may consume substantial staff working time, which results a trade-off between the time invested in testing, and the time spent providing essential care to residents. Thus, developing an optimal testing strategy is crucial to proactively detect infections while guaranteeing efficient use of limited staff time in these facilities. Although numerous efforts have been made to prevent the virus from spreading in long-term care facilities, this is the first study to develop testing strategies based on formal optimization methods. This paper proposes two novel optimization models for testing schedules. The models aim to minimize the risk of infection in retirement homes, considering the trade-off between the probability of infection and staff workload. We employ a probabilistic approach in conjunction with the optimization models, to compute the risk of infection, including contact rates, incidence status, and the probability of infection of the residents. To solve the models, we propose an enhanced local search algorithm by leveraging the \textit{symmetry property} of the optimal solution. We perform several experiments with realistically sized instances and show that the proposed approach can derive optimal testing strategies.

Einleitung: 35% der über 65-jährigen weisen Anzeichen für Frailty auf, weitere 12% sind von Frailty betroffen. Die Zahl der von Frailty Betroffenen wird aufgrund der Alterung der Gesellschaft weiter zunehmen. Diese Population lebt überwiegend zuhause oder in Alters- und Pflegeheimen. Um eine bestmögliche Pflege, Behandlung und Begleitung für diese Personen zu gewährleisten, müssen ihre Bedürfnisse bekannt sein. Welches sind die Bedürfnisse von älteren Menschen mit Frailty in der Palliative Care ausserhalb des Spitals? Methode: Durch eine Literatursuche in den Datenbanken PubMed, CINAHL complete, PsycINFO und AMED konnten acht passende Studien gefunden werden. Diese wurden zusammengefasst und kritisch gewürdigt. Ergebnisse: Aus den inkludierten Studien liessen sich neun häufig vorhandene Bedürfnisse extrahieren. Diese wurden anhand des bio-psycho-sozio-spirituellen Modells und einer Metaebene, welche dieses Modell umfasst, dargestellt. Diskussion: Die gefundenen Bedürfnisse und die Prävalenzen dieser Bedürfnisse sind in der Literatur wiederzufinden. Zudem konnte die Bedeutung von Palliative Care und Advance Care Planning im Zusammenhang mit Frailty aufgezeigt werden. Gesundheitsfachpersonen sollten die Bedürfnisse von älteren Menschen mit Frailty regelmässig erfassen und Interventionen ergreifen. Dabei müssen alle vier Dimensionen sowie die Metaebene inkludiert werden. Dies kann die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen massgeblich verbessern.

In sparsely populated municipalities, there is a large increase of elderly people in relation to people of working age. This will entail a great need for housing for the elderly, and at the same time resources for the care of the elderly. The aim for this study is to examine how older people within Storuman-, Sorsele and Vilhelmina municipality perceive their current housing and other forms of housing for the future, and also to analyze how the housing demand is met now or in the plans for future development within the municipalities. Interviews have been conducted with both elderly but also with people who work with housing issues within the municipalities. There are incentives that the demand of shared housing will increase. The elderly feel a lack of meeting places and they prefer shared forms of housing over regular apartments. The municipalities have different challenges and different housing supply and therefore they have different approaches and plans to cope with the future housing demand for elderly.

Einleitung: 35% der über 65-jährigen weisen Anzeichen für Frailty auf, weitere 12% sind von Frailty betroffen. Die Zahl der von Frailty Betroffenen wird aufgrund der Alterung der Gesellschaft weiter zunehmen. Diese Population lebt überwiegend zuhause oder in Alters- und Pflegeheimen. Um eine bestmögliche Pflege, Behandlung und Begleitung für diese Personen zu gewährleisten, müssen ihre Bedürfnisse bekannt sein. Welches sind die Bedürfnisse von älteren Menschen mit Frailty in der Palliative Care ausserhalb des Spitals? Methode: Durch eine Literatursuche in den Datenbanken PubMed, CINAHL complete, PsycINFO und AMED konnten acht passende Studien gefunden werden. Diese wurden zusammengefasst und kritisch gewürdigt. Ergebnisse: Aus den inkludierten Studien liessen sich neun häufig vorhandene Bedürfnisse extrahieren. Diese wurden anhand des bio-psycho-sozio-spirituellen Modells und einer Metaebene, welche dieses Modell umfasst, dargestellt. Diskussion: Die gefundenen Bedürfnisse und die Prävalenzen dieser Bedürfnisse sind in der Literatur wiederzufinden. Zudem konnte die Bedeutung von Palliative Care und Advance Care Planning im Zusammenhang mit Frailty aufgezeigt werden. Gesundheitsfachpersonen sollten die Bedürfnisse von älteren Menschen mit Frailty regelmässig erfassen und Interventionen ergreifen. Dabei müssen alle vier Dimensionen sowie die Metaebene inkludiert werden. Dies kann die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen massgeblich verbessern.

In sparsely populated municipalities, there is a large increase of elderly people in relation to people of working age. This will entail a great need for housing for the elderly, and at the same time resources for the care of the elderly. The aim for this study is to examine how older people within Storuman-, Sorsele and Vilhelmina municipality perceive their current housing and other forms of housing for the future, and also to analyze how the housing demand is met now or in the plans for future development within the municipalities. Interviews have been conducted with both elderly but also with people who work with housing issues within the municipalities. There are incentives that the demand of shared housing will increase. The elderly feel a lack of meeting places and they prefer shared forms of housing over regular apartments. The municipalities have different challenges and different housing supply and therefore they have different approaches and plans to cope with the future housing demand for elderly.

Diplomová práca sa zaoberá hodnotením kultúry bezpečnosti v domomove seniorov prostredníctvom českej verzie dotazníka HSOPSC - "Nemocniční průzkum bezpečnosti pacientů" (Bartoníčková, 2016) z pohľadu nelekárskeho personálu. Práca sa sklada z teoretickej a prieskumnej časti. Vteoretickej časti sú zhrnuté podstatné východiská zamerané na kvalitu a bezpečnosť ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti. Prieskumná časť sa týka kvantitativného prieskumu formou anonymného dotazníka. Cieľom prieskumnej časti bolo overiť kultúru bezpečnosti v domove seniorov a overiť vhodnosť českej verzie dotazníka HSOPSC - "Nemocniční průzkum bezpečnosti pacientů" (Bartoničková, 2016)pre overenie kultúry bezpečnosti v domove seniorov. Získané údaje boli štatisticky spracované. V závere práce sú uvedené výsledky prieskumu a pripomienky., The master´s thesis addresses the assessment of the culture of safety in the retirement home using the Czech version of the HSOPSC questionnaire -"Nemocniční průzkum bezpečnosti pacientů (Bartoníčková, 2016) from the perspektive of non medical staff. The thesis consists of the theoretical part and the research part. The teoretical part includes key premises focused on the quality and safety of nursing care. The research part comprises the the quantitative survey in the form of an anonymous questionnaire. The objektive of the research part was to assess the culture of safety in the retirement home and to verify the appropriateness of the questionnaire HSOPSC - "Nemocniční průzkum bezpenočnosti pacientů" (Bartoníčková, 2016) for the assessment of the culture of safety in the retirement home. The obtained data were statistically processed. The conclusion of the work summarizes research outcomes and comments., Fakulta zdravotnických studií, Doplňující otázky oponenta: 1. Na stránke 42 uvádzate, že rizikovým situáciám je možné predchádzať vytvorením rizikového plánu v danej inštitúcii. Viete bližšie priblížiť kto vytvára zmienený rizikový plán? 2. V praktickej časti sa po procese validácia jeden respondent vyjadril, že by uvedený dotazník nevyplnil. Zisťovala ste dôvod, prečo by to neurobil? 3. Vedela by ste na základe zrovnanie s inými krajinami uvedenými v diskusii, zhodnotiť ktorá krajina / krajiny dosiahli celkovo obdobnú kvalitu bezpečnosti ako v ČR? 4. Na základe Vašich skúseností, ako by ste predpokladala, že by dopadlo hodnotenie bezpečnosti v tejto inštitúcií, ak by respondentami nebol pracovný personál, ale pacienti / klienti. Obhajoba diplomové práce s prezentací výborná., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Tato bakalářská práce si klade za cíl zjistit pohled pečujícího personálu v domovech pro seniory na eutanazii. V teoretické části jsou popsány fáze umírání a potřeby nemocného v závěrečné fázi života, je zde definován pojem eutanazie a jsou popsány její druhy, vývoj eutanazie ve světě i v České republice, pohled náboženství na eutanazii, argumenty zastánců i odpůrců a v závěru teoretické části je definována paliativní péče a popsána paliativní péče v domovech pro seniory. Výzkumná část popisuje výzkum metodou dotazníkového šetření u pečujícího personálu v domovech pro seniory. Výsledky výzkumného šetření jsou zpracovány do grafů a tabulek., This bachelor thesis aims to find out the view of caring staff in nursing homes on euthanasia. The theoretical part describes the stages of dying and the needs of patients at the end of life describes the term euthanasia and types of euthanasia, development of euthanasia around the world and in the Czech Republic, the view of religions toward euthanasia, main arguments of the supporters and opponents and at the end of the theoretical part palliative care and its types are defined and palliative care in the retirement homes is described. The research part describes the research method of a questionnaire survey of caring staff in retirement homes. The results of the exploratory investigation are processed into graphs and tables., Fakulta zdravotnických studií, Doplňující otázky pro obhajobu závěrečné práce: 1. V souvislosti s použitou metodikou průzkumné části vaší práce používáte termín ?rovina?. Pokuste se jej prosím specifikovat a zároveň objasnit vaši volbu pro jeho použití. 2. Navrhněte prosím aplikovatelnost, či využitelnost vašich zjištění pro oblast sociálních služeb, kde jste průzkum realizovala a zároveň pro studovaný obor Zdravotně-sociální pracovník. Obhajoba bakalářské práce s prezentací velmi dobrá., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Bakgrund: Inom den kommunala äldreomsorgen har sjuksköterskan ett omvårdnadsansvar i vilket det ingår att se till att äldre som bor på särskilda boenden eller har någon form av hemsjukvårdsinsatser erhåller en säker vård. Omvårdnadspersonalen har närmst kontakt med de äldre inom den kommunala omsorgen. För att verksamheten ska fungera delegerar sjuksköterskor medicinska arbetsuppgifter till omvårdnadspersonalen. Dock får delegering endast ske då det är förenligt med en god och säker vård, något som enligt forskning visat sig vara en utmaning för sjuksköterskorna. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av delegering av medicinska arbetsuppgifter inom kommunal äldreomsorg. Metod: Studien utfördes som en kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistruktuerade intervjufrågor där sju sjuksköterskor som arbetade inom kommunal äldreomsorg medverkade (varav en var sjuksköterska och sex var distriktssköterskor). Det material som framkom genom intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys med utgångspunkt i Graneheim och Lundmans metodbeskrivning. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: Villkor från verksamheten för delegering, teamets betydelse för delegering som gemensam uppgift, stå som ansvarig för delegering samt förbättringsförslag utifrån erfarenheter i samband med delegering. Kategorin Villkor från verksamheten för delegering handlar om arbetsmiljö, rutiner och utbildning i samband med delegering. Kategorin Teamets betydelse för delegering som gemensam uppgift handlar om kompetensen och kommunikationen i teamet. Kategorin Stå som ansvarig för delegering handlar om att ansvara för att skapa en säker delegeringsprocess och kategorin Förbättringsförslag utifrån erfarenheter i samband med delegering handlar om förslag på förbättringsarbete. Slutsats: Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskorna kunde känna press från organisationen och på grund av tidspress samt att de kände en kluvenhet mellan att hitta den bästa lösningen för patienten men, Background: In municipal elderly care, the nurse has a nursing responsibility which includes ensuring that the elderly who live in special housing or have some form of home care interventions receive safe care. The nursing staff has the closest contact with the elderly in municipal care. In order for the operation to work, nurses delegate medical tasks to the nursing staff, however, delegation may only take place when it is compatible with good and safe care, something which according to research has proven to be a challenge for the nurses. Aim: The aim was to investigate nurses' experiences of delegating medical tasks within municipal elderly care. Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative interview study with semi-structured interview questions in which seven nurses working in municipal elderly care participated (of which one was a nurse and six were district nurses). The material that emerged from the interviews was analyzed through qualitative content analysis based on Graneheim and Lundman's method description. Result: The analysis resulted in four categories: Conditions from the activities for delegation, the team's importance for delegation as a joint task, being responsible for delegation and improvement proposals based on experience in connection with delegation. The category Terms from the activities for delegation deals with the work environment, routines and training in connection with delegation. The category The team's importance for delegation as a common task is about the competence and communication in the team. The category Stand as responsible for delegation is about being responsible for creating a secure delegation process and category Improvement proposals based on experience in connection with delegation is about proposals for improvement work. Conclusion: The results showed that the nurses could feel pressure from the organization and due to time pressure and that they felt a gap between finding the best solution for the patient but at

Titel: Attraktivt arbete inom äldreomsorgen - Vad kännetecknar en attraktiv arbetsplats för undersköterskor och vårdbiträden? Bakgrund och problematisering: Inom de närmaste åren kommer fler människor vara i behov av omvårdnadsinsatser. Detta på grund av att människan lever längre och därmed också har flera sjukdomsbilder och är i behov av en mer omfattande omvårdnad. Likväl som det finns behov av att rekrytera för att ersätta en stor pensionsvåg de närmaste åren, räknat till år 2026. Det finns en utmaning i att både behålla och attrahera nya medarbetare till äldreomsorgen, då yrket är kopplat till hårda arbetsförhållanden och låga löner. Vad som får medarbetarna att stanna inom yrket är att de ser det meningsfulla i arbetet med att hjälpa andra människor och är engagerade i sitt arbete. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som kännetecknar en attraktiv arbetsplats, för undersköterskor och vårdbiträden inom äldreomsorgen för att förklara och tills del kunna få förståelse hur de kan attraheras till samt behållas inom omvårdnadsyrket. Teoretisk referensram: Studien har inspirerats av modellen för attraktivt arbete. Modellen baseras på faktorer som anses av vikt för en attraktiv arbetsplats. Då modellen i grunden är omfattande har författarna till denna studie valt ut lämpliga delar som lämpar sig till att studera attraktiva faktorer inom äldreomsorgen. Tidigare forskning: Studien tar upp tidigare forskning som berör äldreomsorgens historia, olika synsätt, dess utmaningar och styrkor. Fokus för tidigare forskning berör undersköterskor och vårdbiträdens roll samt förutsättningar och vad som är bra och kan förbättras för att skapa en attraktiv arbetsplats som både kan behålla och attrahera nya medarbetare. Metod: Till studien har en kvantitativ metod använts, som har inspirerats av två andra studier som även de berör faktorer för en attraktiv arbetsplats och dess modell. Resultat och slutsatser: Studiens resultat visar på att relationer till kollegor, Title: Attractive work within elderly care – What characterizes an attractive workplace for assistant nurses and care assistants? Background and problematisation: Within a few years more elderly will be in need of some type of nursing care. This due to that mankind lives longer and have multiple diagnoses renders the need of more qualified nursing care. There is also a need to recruit new employees due to the large number of retirements coming up to the year 2026. There is a challenge in retaining and attract new employees to the elderly care though the profession has tough working conditions and low salaries. What makes employees stay in the profession is that they see the meaningfulness in helping other people and that they are well invested in their work. Purpose: The purpose with this study is to explain and to some extent grasp what characterize an attractive workplace for assistant nurses and care assistants within the elderly care to get an understanding how they can be attracted and retained in the elderly care profession. Theoretical reference frame: This study has been inspired by the model for attractive work. The model is based on factors that constitutes an attractive workplace. Due to the extensiveness of the mode, this study has chosen applicable factors to use within the elderly care system. Previous research: This study shows previous research that touches on the history, different approaches, challenges and strengths. Focus in on assistant nurses and care assistant's role and prerequisites. The study also looks at what perceives as good and what can be changed to the better to create an attractive workplace that can retain and recruit new employees. Method: This study has been inspired to use a quantitative method due to two other studies that used the model attractive work. Results and conclusions: The results show that the relationship between work colleges and caretakers are ranked high and is the cause to that employees thrive at the workplace.

Introduction: Analyze the theoretical and practical perspectives shown in global scientific publications, regarding the burnout syndrome in the nursing staff that provide care to the elderly population. Methodology: A review of the literature was made for the global context of published articles in English and Spanish, from the databases of ScienceDirect, the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Dialnet and Redalyc, during the period from 2013 to 2018. Results: 15 publications met the selection criterion. The majority of the original articles had as their objective to identify the correlation between the burnout syndrome and the workload or work stress; only one article reports the evaluation of an intervention. None of the articles refer to gerontological nursing as part of the construct from which their studies are based on; but the majority do define the term burnout. Conclusions: The reviewed scientific evidence about burnout in gerontological nursing is scarce, which encourages to investigate more about the subject, as well as publishing. Also, it is necessary to make these constructs explicit. The results suggest future improvements for studies related to their objectives, the methodology used and the interventions., Introdução: Analisar as perspectivas teóricas e práticas evidenciadas na literatura científica mundial, relacionada com a síndrome de Burnout no pessoal da enfermagem que presta cuidados na populaçao idosa. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura internacional de artigos publicados em inglês e espanhol disponíveis em ScienceDirect, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde-BVS, Dialnet e Redalyc, no período de 2013 ao 2018. Resultados: 15 artigos cumpriram os critérios de elegibilidade. A maioria desses tinham como objetivo identificar a correlação entre o Burnout e situações estressoras no trabalho; somente um artigo reportou a avaliação de uma intervenção. Nenhum fazia referência à enfermagem geriátrica, que a variável de interesse do presente estudo; entretanto a maioria definia o Burnout. Conclusões: A evidência científica revisada relacionada com o Burnout na enfermagem geriátrica é escassa, evidenciando uma área que precisa de pesquisa e de publicação de resultados na mesma. Também precisa-se fazer maior ênfase nessas duas variáveis. Os resultados sugerem melhoras para futuros estudos relacionados com os objetivos, a metodologia e as intervenções., Introducción: Analizar las perspectivas teóricas y prácticas que muestran las publicaciones científicas a nivel mundial, con respecto al síndrome de burnout, en el personal de enfermería que ofrece cuidado a la población adulta mayor. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de literatura en el contexto mundial de artículos publicados en inglés y español, en las bases de datos de ScienceDirect, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud-BVS, Dialnet y Redalyc, en el período de 2013 a 2018. Resultados: 15 publicaciones que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. La mayoría de los artículos originales tenían como objetivo identificar la correlación entre el síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo o estresores laborales; solamente un artículo reporta la evaluación de una intervención. En ninguno de los artículos se hace referencia a la enfermería geriátrica, como parte del constructo en el que se basa el estudio; pero la mayoría sí definen el burnout. Conclusiones: La evidencia científica revisada sobre el burnout en enfermería geriátrica es escasa, lo cual reta a investigar más, así como a publicar. También es necesario hacer explícitos estos dos constructos. Los resultados sugieren mejoras para futuros estudios en relación con los objetivos, la metodología y las intervenciones.

Bakgrund: Inom den kommunala äldreomsorgen har sjuksköterskan ett omvårdnadsansvar i vilket det ingår att se till att äldre som bor på särskilda boenden eller har någon form av hemsjukvårdsinsatser erhåller en säker vård. Omvårdnadspersonalen har närmst kontakt med de äldre inom den kommunala omsorgen. För att verksamheten ska fungera delegerar sjuksköterskor medicinska arbetsuppgifter till omvårdnadspersonalen. Dock får delegering endast ske då det är förenligt med en god och säker vård, något som enligt forskning visat sig vara en utmaning för sjuksköterskorna. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av delegering av medicinska arbetsuppgifter inom kommunal äldreomsorg. Metod: Studien utfördes som en kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistruktuerade intervjufrågor där sju sjuksköterskor som arbetade inom kommunal äldreomsorg medverkade (varav en var sjuksköterska och sex var distriktssköterskor). Det material som framkom genom intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys med utgångspunkt i Graneheim och Lundmans metodbeskrivning. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: Villkor från verksamheten för delegering, teamets betydelse för delegering som gemensam uppgift, stå som ansvarig för delegering samt förbättringsförslag utifrån erfarenheter i samband med delegering. Kategorin Villkor från verksamheten för delegering handlar om arbetsmiljö, rutiner och utbildning i samband med delegering. Kategorin Teamets betydelse för delegering som gemensam uppgift handlar om kompetensen och kommunikationen i teamet. Kategorin Stå som ansvarig för delegering handlar om att ansvara för att skapa en säker delegeringsprocess och kategorin Förbättringsförslag utifrån erfarenheter i samband med delegering handlar om förslag på förbättringsarbete. Slutsats: Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskorna kunde känna press från organisationen och på grund av tidspress samt att de kände en kluvenhet mellan att hitta den bästa lösningen för patienten men, Background: In municipal elderly care, the nurse has a nursing responsibility which includes ensuring that the elderly who live in special housing or have some form of home care interventions receive safe care. The nursing staff has the closest contact with the elderly in municipal care. In order for the operation to work, nurses delegate medical tasks to the nursing staff, however, delegation may only take place when it is compatible with good and safe care, something which according to research has proven to be a challenge for the nurses. Aim: The aim was to investigate nurses' experiences of delegating medical tasks within municipal elderly care. Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative interview study with semi-structured interview questions in which seven nurses working in municipal elderly care participated (of which one was a nurse and six were district nurses). The material that emerged from the interviews was analyzed through qualitative content analysis based on Graneheim and Lundman's method description. Result: The analysis resulted in four categories: Conditions from the activities for delegation, the team's importance for delegation as a joint task, being responsible for delegation and improvement proposals based on experience in connection with delegation. The category Terms from the activities for delegation deals with the work environment, routines and training in connection with delegation. The category The team's importance for delegation as a common task is about the competence and communication in the team. The category Stand as responsible for delegation is about being responsible for creating a secure delegation process and category Improvement proposals based on experience in connection with delegation is about proposals for improvement work. Conclusion: The results showed that the nurses could feel pressure from the organization and due to time pressure and that they felt a gap between finding the best solution for the patient but at

Att människan påverkar klimatet och att utsläpp av växthusgaser värmer planeten är ingen nyhet. Byggsektorn stod 2015 för 18 % av Sveriges totala utsläpp av växthusgaser och 2018 lanserade Bygg- och anläggningssektorn en färdplan för att nå en klimatneutral värdekedja tills år 2045. Tidigare studier har pekat på att majoriteten av klimatpåverkan ifrån flerbostadshus kommer från driftskedet, men senare studier visar att påverkan från byggskedet utgör en allt större andel av de totala utsläppen. Intresset för att undersöka byggskedets (A1-A5) klimatpåverkan har växt och Sveriges Riksdag har i syfte att synliggöra och minska byggproduktionens klimatpåverkan föreslagit en ny lag om att byggherren måste utföra en klimatdeklaration på alla nybyggnationer. I studien beräknades ett äldreboendes klimatpåverkan och i byggskedet har alternativa, mer klimatvänliga, lösningar presenterades för att studera reduceringspotentialen som är möjlig med syftet att undersöka hur utsläppen kan minskas med alternativa materialval. Med användning av Byggsektorns Miljöberäkningsverktyg, BM, visar studien att det finns stor möjlighet till klimatförbättring med relativt enkla lösningar och materialbyten. Metoder som använts för studien är insamling av information från EPD-databaser, mailkonversationer och intervjuer med ämnesexperter och representanter för företag. Information har även samlats genom fysiska möten och diskussion tillsammans med handledare på Lunds universitet, Skanska Sverige AB och IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. Beräkning av klimatpåverkan har utförts med generiska resurser i Byggsektorns Miljöberäkningsverktyg samt med indata från EPDer. Den bakomliggande metoden för indata till materialen är livscykelanalyser vilka materialtillverkare utfört men som även beskrivs i studien. Klimatbelastningen har fokuserat byggmaterial, bland annat har tillverkningsprocessen för installationerna avgränsats bort. Genom att projektera för en lägre klimatbelastning kan utsläppen reduceras med mel, The emissions of greenhouse gases caused by the construction sector represented 2015 18 % of Sweden’s total greenhouse emissions and the sector had by 2018 published a plan on how to reach a climate neutral value chain by 2045. Studies have shown that the construction phase has become a larger part of the climate impact from new-built multi-family residential buildings than before, in, in relation to the maintenance phase of buildings’ lifespan. The Swedish Government has proposed a new law to make the constructor carry out climate calculus for construction of all new buildings. In this study the climate impact from the construction phase of a retirement home is calculated and suggestions of alternative materials and technical solutions are made to show the potential reduction of CO2e. By using Byggsektorns Miljöberäkningsverktyg, BM, the study showed a potential for climate impact reduction using solutions and material changes. By planning for the use of low-impact-materials the climate impact in the construction phase, A1-A5, can be decreased for the studied parts by 21-42 % compared to the building without alterations. The suggested alternative solutions have been focused on the building materials, the building services system are not included. The study’s results also showed concrete and construction steel as the materials contributing to most of the building materials total climate impact. As most of the building’s foundation consists of these materials, the foundation has the largest climate impact and therefore the highest reduction potential. The study suggested that the biggest part of materials’ climate impact originate from the production of the materials and through recycling and reusing construction materials the impact can be severely reduced. Different combinations have been examined and one alternative with solutions that are judged to be easy to apply, existing technical solutions of today had potential of reducing the impact with 21 %. With constru

Bakgrund: Inom den kommunala äldreomsorgen har sjuksköterskan ett omvårdnadsansvar i vilket det ingår att se till att äldre som bor på särskilda boenden eller har någon form av hemsjukvårdsinsatser erhåller en säker vård. Omvårdnadspersonalen har närmst kontakt med de äldre inom den kommunala omsorgen. För att verksamheten ska fungera delegerar sjuksköterskor medicinska arbetsuppgifter till omvårdnadspersonalen. Dock får delegering endast ske då det är förenligt med en god och säker vård, något som enligt forskning visat sig vara en utmaning för sjuksköterskorna. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av delegering av medicinska arbetsuppgifter inom kommunal äldreomsorg. Metod: Studien utfördes som en kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistruktuerade intervjufrågor där sju sjuksköterskor som arbetade inom kommunal äldreomsorg medverkade (varav en var sjuksköterska och sex var distriktssköterskor). Det material som framkom genom intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys med utgångspunkt i Graneheim och Lundmans metodbeskrivning. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: Villkor från verksamheten för delegering, teamets betydelse för delegering som gemensam uppgift, stå som ansvarig för delegering samt förbättringsförslag utifrån erfarenheter i samband med delegering. Kategorin Villkor från verksamheten för delegering handlar om arbetsmiljö, rutiner och utbildning i samband med delegering. Kategorin Teamets betydelse för delegering som gemensam uppgift handlar om kompetensen och kommunikationen i teamet. Kategorin Stå som ansvarig för delegering handlar om att ansvara för att skapa en säker delegeringsprocess och kategorin Förbättringsförslag utifrån erfarenheter i samband med delegering handlar om förslag på förbättringsarbete. Slutsats: Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskorna kunde känna press från organisationen och på grund av tidspress samt att de kände en kluvenhet mellan att hitta den bästa lösningen för patienten men, Background: In municipal elderly care, the nurse has a nursing responsibility which includes ensuring that the elderly who live in special housing or have some form of home care interventions receive safe care. The nursing staff has the closest contact with the elderly in municipal care. In order for the operation to work, nurses delegate medical tasks to the nursing staff, however, delegation may only take place when it is compatible with good and safe care, something which according to research has proven to be a challenge for the nurses. Aim: The aim was to investigate nurses' experiences of delegating medical tasks within municipal elderly care. Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative interview study with semi-structured interview questions in which seven nurses working in municipal elderly care participated (of which one was a nurse and six were district nurses). The material that emerged from the interviews was analyzed through qualitative content analysis based on Graneheim and Lundman's method description. Result: The analysis resulted in four categories: Conditions from the activities for delegation, the team's importance for delegation as a joint task, being responsible for delegation and improvement proposals based on experience in connection with delegation. The category Terms from the activities for delegation deals with the work environment, routines and training in connection with delegation. The category The team's importance for delegation as a common task is about the competence and communication in the team. The category Stand as responsible for delegation is about being responsible for creating a secure delegation process and category Improvement proposals based on experience in connection with delegation is about proposals for improvement work. Conclusion: The results showed that the nurses could feel pressure from the organization and due to time pressure and that they felt a gap between finding the best solution for the patient but at

Bakgrund: Inom den kommunala äldreomsorgen har sjuksköterskan ett omvårdnadsansvar i vilket det ingår att se till att äldre som bor på särskilda boenden eller har någon form av hemsjukvårdsinsatser erhåller en säker vård. Omvårdnadspersonalen har närmst kontakt med de äldre inom den kommunala omsorgen. För att verksamheten ska fungera delegerar sjuksköterskor medicinska arbetsuppgifter till omvårdnadspersonalen. Dock får delegering endast ske då det är förenligt med en god och säker vård, något som enligt forskning visat sig vara en utmaning för sjuksköterskorna. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av delegering av medicinska arbetsuppgifter inom kommunal äldreomsorg. Metod: Studien utfördes som en kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistruktuerade intervjufrågor där sju sjuksköterskor som arbetade inom kommunal äldreomsorg medverkade (varav en var sjuksköterska och sex var distriktssköterskor). Det material som framkom genom intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys med utgångspunkt i Graneheim och Lundmans metodbeskrivning. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: Villkor från verksamheten för delegering, teamets betydelse för delegering som gemensam uppgift, stå som ansvarig för delegering samt förbättringsförslag utifrån erfarenheter i samband med delegering. Kategorin Villkor från verksamheten för delegering handlar om arbetsmiljö, rutiner och utbildning i samband med delegering. Kategorin Teamets betydelse för delegering som gemensam uppgift handlar om kompetensen och kommunikationen i teamet. Kategorin Stå som ansvarig för delegering handlar om att ansvara för att skapa en säker delegeringsprocess och kategorin Förbättringsförslag utifrån erfarenheter i samband med delegering handlar om förslag på förbättringsarbete. Slutsats: Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskorna kunde känna press från organisationen och på grund av tidspress samt att de kände en kluvenhet mellan att hitta den bästa lösningen för patienten men, Background: In municipal elderly care, the nurse has a nursing responsibility which includes ensuring that the elderly who live in special housing or have some form of home care interventions receive safe care. The nursing staff has the closest contact with the elderly in municipal care. In order for the operation to work, nurses delegate medical tasks to the nursing staff, however, delegation may only take place when it is compatible with good and safe care, something which according to research has proven to be a challenge for the nurses. Aim: The aim was to investigate nurses' experiences of delegating medical tasks within municipal elderly care. Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative interview study with semi-structured interview questions in which seven nurses working in municipal elderly care participated (of which one was a nurse and six were district nurses). The material that emerged from the interviews was analyzed through qualitative content analysis based on Graneheim and Lundman's method description. Result: The analysis resulted in four categories: Conditions from the activities for delegation, the team's importance for delegation as a joint task, being responsible for delegation and improvement proposals based on experience in connection with delegation. The category Terms from the activities for delegation deals with the work environment, routines and training in connection with delegation. The category The team's importance for delegation as a common task is about the competence and communication in the team. The category Stand as responsible for delegation is about being responsible for creating a secure delegation process and category Improvement proposals based on experience in connection with delegation is about proposals for improvement work. Conclusion: The results showed that the nurses could feel pressure from the organization and due to time pressure and that they felt a gap between finding the best solution for the patient but at

Bakgrund: Inom den kommunala äldreomsorgen har sjuksköterskan ett omvårdnadsansvar i vilket det ingår att se till att äldre som bor på särskilda boenden eller har någon form av hemsjukvårdsinsatser erhåller en säker vård. Omvårdnadspersonalen har närmst kontakt med de äldre inom den kommunala omsorgen. För att verksamheten ska fungera delegerar sjuksköterskor medicinska arbetsuppgifter till omvårdnadspersonalen. Dock får delegering endast ske då det är förenligt med en god och säker vård, något som enligt forskning visat sig vara en utmaning för sjuksköterskorna. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av delegering av medicinska arbetsuppgifter inom kommunal äldreomsorg. Metod: Studien utfördes som en kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistruktuerade intervjufrågor där sju sjuksköterskor som arbetade inom kommunal äldreomsorg medverkade (varav en var sjuksköterska och sex var distriktssköterskor). Det material som framkom genom intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys med utgångspunkt i Graneheim och Lundmans metodbeskrivning. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: Villkor från verksamheten för delegering, teamets betydelse för delegering som gemensam uppgift, stå som ansvarig för delegering samt förbättringsförslag utifrån erfarenheter i samband med delegering. Kategorin Villkor från verksamheten för delegering handlar om arbetsmiljö, rutiner och utbildning i samband med delegering. Kategorin Teamets betydelse för delegering som gemensam uppgift handlar om kompetensen och kommunikationen i teamet. Kategorin Stå som ansvarig för delegering handlar om att ansvara för att skapa en säker delegeringsprocess och kategorin Förbättringsförslag utifrån erfarenheter i samband med delegering handlar om förslag på förbättringsarbete. Slutsats: Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskorna kunde känna press från organisationen och på grund av tidspress samt att de kände en kluvenhet mellan att hitta den bästa lösningen för patienten men, Background: In municipal elderly care, the nurse has a nursing responsibility which includes ensuring that the elderly who live in special housing or have some form of home care interventions receive safe care. The nursing staff has the closest contact with the elderly in municipal care. In order for the operation to work, nurses delegate medical tasks to the nursing staff, however, delegation may only take place when it is compatible with good and safe care, something which according to research has proven to be a challenge for the nurses. Aim: The aim was to investigate nurses' experiences of delegating medical tasks within municipal elderly care. Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative interview study with semi-structured interview questions in which seven nurses working in municipal elderly care participated (of which one was a nurse and six were district nurses). The material that emerged from the interviews was analyzed through qualitative content analysis based on Graneheim and Lundman's method description. Result: The analysis resulted in four categories: Conditions from the activities for delegation, the team's importance for delegation as a joint task, being responsible for delegation and improvement proposals based on experience in connection with delegation. The category Terms from the activities for delegation deals with the work environment, routines and training in connection with delegation. The category The team's importance for delegation as a common task is about the competence and communication in the team. The category Stand as responsible for delegation is about being responsible for creating a secure delegation process and category Improvement proposals based on experience in connection with delegation is about proposals for improvement work. Conclusion: The results showed that the nurses could feel pressure from the organization and due to time pressure and that they felt a gap between finding the best solution for the patient but at

Bakgrund: Inom den kommunala äldreomsorgen har sjuksköterskan ett omvårdnadsansvar i vilket det ingår att se till att äldre som bor på särskilda boenden eller har någon form av hemsjukvårdsinsatser erhåller en säker vård. Omvårdnadspersonalen har närmst kontakt med de äldre inom den kommunala omsorgen. För att verksamheten ska fungera delegerar sjuksköterskor medicinska arbetsuppgifter till omvårdnadspersonalen. Dock får delegering endast ske då det är förenligt med en god och säker vård, något som enligt forskning visat sig vara en utmaning för sjuksköterskorna. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av delegering av medicinska arbetsuppgifter inom kommunal äldreomsorg. Metod: Studien utfördes som en kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistruktuerade intervjufrågor där sju sjuksköterskor som arbetade inom kommunal äldreomsorg medverkade (varav en var sjuksköterska och sex var distriktssköterskor). Det material som framkom genom intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys med utgångspunkt i Graneheim och Lundmans metodbeskrivning. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: Villkor från verksamheten för delegering, teamets betydelse för delegering som gemensam uppgift, stå som ansvarig för delegering samt förbättringsförslag utifrån erfarenheter i samband med delegering. Kategorin Villkor från verksamheten för delegering handlar om arbetsmiljö, rutiner och utbildning i samband med delegering. Kategorin Teamets betydelse för delegering som gemensam uppgift handlar om kompetensen och kommunikationen i teamet. Kategorin Stå som ansvarig för delegering handlar om att ansvara för att skapa en säker delegeringsprocess och kategorin Förbättringsförslag utifrån erfarenheter i samband med delegering handlar om förslag på förbättringsarbete. Slutsats: Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskorna kunde känna press från organisationen och på grund av tidspress samt att de kände en kluvenhet mellan att hitta den bästa lösningen för patienten men, Background: In municipal elderly care, the nurse has a nursing responsibility which includes ensuring that the elderly who live in special housing or have some form of home care interventions receive safe care. The nursing staff has the closest contact with the elderly in municipal care. In order for the operation to work, nurses delegate medical tasks to the nursing staff, however, delegation may only take place when it is compatible with good and safe care, something which according to research has proven to be a challenge for the nurses. Aim: The aim was to investigate nurses' experiences of delegating medical tasks within municipal elderly care. Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative interview study with semi-structured interview questions in which seven nurses working in municipal elderly care participated (of which one was a nurse and six were district nurses). The material that emerged from the interviews was analyzed through qualitative content analysis based on Graneheim and Lundman's method description. Result: The analysis resulted in four categories: Conditions from the activities for delegation, the team's importance for delegation as a joint task, being responsible for delegation and improvement proposals based on experience in connection with delegation. The category Terms from the activities for delegation deals with the work environment, routines and training in connection with delegation. The category The team's importance for delegation as a common task is about the competence and communication in the team. The category Stand as responsible for delegation is about being responsible for creating a secure delegation process and category Improvement proposals based on experience in connection with delegation is about proposals for improvement work. Conclusion: The results showed that the nurses could feel pressure from the organization and due to time pressure and that they felt a gap between finding the best solution for the patient but at

Titel: Attraktivt arbete inom äldreomsorgen - Vad kännetecknar en attraktiv arbetsplats för undersköterskor och vårdbiträden? Bakgrund och problematisering: Inom de närmaste åren kommer fler människor vara i behov av omvårdnadsinsatser. Detta på grund av att människan lever längre och därmed också har flera sjukdomsbilder och är i behov av en mer omfattande omvårdnad. Likväl som det finns behov av att rekrytera för att ersätta en stor pensionsvåg de närmaste åren, räknat till år 2026. Det finns en utmaning i att både behålla och attrahera nya medarbetare till äldreomsorgen, då yrket är kopplat till hårda arbetsförhållanden och låga löner. Vad som får medarbetarna att stanna inom yrket är att de ser det meningsfulla i arbetet med att hjälpa andra människor och är engagerade i sitt arbete. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som kännetecknar en attraktiv arbetsplats, för undersköterskor och vårdbiträden inom äldreomsorgen för att förklara och tills del kunna få förståelse hur de kan attraheras till samt behållas inom omvårdnadsyrket. Teoretisk referensram: Studien har inspirerats av modellen för attraktivt arbete. Modellen baseras på faktorer som anses av vikt för en attraktiv arbetsplats. Då modellen i grunden är omfattande har författarna till denna studie valt ut lämpliga delar som lämpar sig till att studera attraktiva faktorer inom äldreomsorgen. Tidigare forskning: Studien tar upp tidigare forskning som berör äldreomsorgens historia, olika synsätt, dess utmaningar och styrkor. Fokus för tidigare forskning berör undersköterskor och vårdbiträdens roll samt förutsättningar och vad som är bra och kan förbättras för att skapa en attraktiv arbetsplats som både kan behålla och attrahera nya medarbetare. Metod: Till studien har en kvantitativ metod använts, som har inspirerats av två andra studier som även de berör faktorer för en attraktiv arbetsplats och dess modell. Resultat och slutsatser: Studiens resultat visar på att relationer till kollegor, Title: Attractive work within elderly care – What characterizes an attractive workplace for assistant nurses and care assistants? Background and problematisation: Within a few years more elderly will be in need of some type of nursing care. This due to that mankind lives longer and have multiple diagnoses renders the need of more qualified nursing care. There is also a need to recruit new employees due to the large number of retirements coming up to the year 2026. There is a challenge in retaining and attract new employees to the elderly care though the profession has tough working conditions and low salaries. What makes employees stay in the profession is that they see the meaningfulness in helping other people and that they are well invested in their work. Purpose: The purpose with this study is to explain and to some extent grasp what characterize an attractive workplace for assistant nurses and care assistants within the elderly care to get an understanding how they can be attracted and retained in the elderly care profession. Theoretical reference frame: This study has been inspired by the model for attractive work. The model is based on factors that constitutes an attractive workplace. Due to the extensiveness of the mode, this study has chosen applicable factors to use within the elderly care system. Previous research: This study shows previous research that touches on the history, different approaches, challenges and strengths. Focus in on assistant nurses and care assistant's role and prerequisites. The study also looks at what perceives as good and what can be changed to the better to create an attractive workplace that can retain and recruit new employees. Method: This study has been inspired to use a quantitative method due to two other studies that used the model attractive work. Results and conclusions: The results show that the relationship between work colleges and caretakers are ranked high and is the cause to that employees thrive at the workplace.

It is believed that age is just a number, meaning that it does not dictate how to feel or how to act. However, empirical studies, on a representative sample, describing old age boundaries in terms of longevity and in words that best describe old age are, to our knowledge, lacking in the Czech environment. This article is, therefore, methodologically grounded in the quantitative approach, applying a descriptive design in the investigation of the interrelationships of the self-reported data taken from a representative Czech adult population perspective (n = 1,040). The research shows that most respondents consider age 70+ to be old age and associate it with illness, experience or wisdom. The majority of respondents wished to end their life at home. On the other hand, the ability of respondents to imagine life in a home for the elderly grows with increasing age, with women more often admitting this possibility. Women are also more likely to provide home care to a dependent family member. The willingness to provide informal care continues to increase, depending on age, higher level of education, and better living conditions. Besides gender and education, participants’ willingness to move to a retirement home if necessary made the strongest contribution to the likelihood of their willingness to be a family caregiver. Based on the cluster analysis, respondents living in the Central and North Bohemia regions manifested a lower willingness to live in a retirement home and to provide home care. © 2019 The Authors.

It is believed that age is just a number, meaning that it does not dictate how to feel or how to act. However, empirical studies, on a representative sample, describing old age boundaries in terms of longevity and in words that best describe old age are, to our knowledge, lacking in the Czech environment. This article is, therefore, methodologically grounded in the quantitative approach, applying a descriptive design in the investigation of the interrelationships of the self-reported data taken from a representative Czech adult population perspective (n = 1,040). The research shows that most respondents consider age 70+ to be old age and associate it with illness, experience or wisdom. The majority of respondents wished to end their life at home. On the other hand, the ability of respondents to imagine life in a home for the elderly grows with increasing age, with women more often admitting this possibility. Women are also more likely to provide home care to a dependent family member. The willingness to provide informal care continues to increase, depending on age, higher level of education, and better living conditions. Besides gender and education, participants’ willingness to move to a retirement home if necessary made the strongest contribution to the likelihood of their willingness to be a family caregiver. Based on the cluster analysis, respondents living in the Central and North Bohemia regions manifested a lower willingness to live in a retirement home and to provide home care. © 2019 The Authors.

Building energy simulation (BES) models rely on a variety of different input data, and the more accurate the input data are, the more accurate the model will be in predicting energy use. The objective of this paper is to show a method for obtaining higher accuracy in building energy simulations of existing buildings by combining time diaries with data from logged measurements, and also to show that more variety is needed in template values of user input data in different kinds of buildings. The case studied in this article is a retirement home in Linköping, Sweden. Results from time diaries and interviews were combined with logged measurements of electricity, temperature, and CO2 levels to create detailed occupant behavior schedules for use in BES models. Two BES models were compared, one with highly detailed schedules of occupancy, electricity use, and airing, and one using standardized input data of occupant behavior. The largest differences between the models could be seen in energy losses due to airing and in household electricity use, where the one with standardized user input data had a higher amount of electricity use and less losses due to airing of 39% and 99%, respectively. Time diaries and interviews, together with logged measurements, can be great tools to detect behavior that affects energy use in buildings. They can also be used to create detailed schedules and behavioral models, and to help develop standardized user input data for more types of buildings. This will help improve the accuracy of BES models so the energy efficiency gap can be reduced.

Bakalářská práce analyzuje webové stránky poskytovatelů sociálních služeb, konkrétně Domovů pro seniory v kraji Pardubickém a Královéhradeckém. Práce je rozdělena na dvě části, a to na část teoretickou a praktickou. V teoretické části se práce bude zabývat vymezením zákonných termínů týkajících se sociálních služeb a jejich poskytovatelů a především specifickým aspektům potřeb seniorů. V praktické části bude zpracována obsahová analýza webových stránek všech dostupných institucí a jejich porovnání dle jednotně stanovených kritérií (např. celková přehlednost stránek, koncept stavby stránek, poskytované služby, aktuálnost informací, kontaktní formulář, formuláře k vyplnění, propojení stránek se sociálními sítěmi atd.). Kritéria jsou stanovena především na základě rozhovorů se seniory., This bachelor thesis analyses website pages of social service institutions, specifically Retirement homes in Pardubice and Hradec Kralove regions. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, the thesis discusses definition of legal terminology in terms of social service institutions and their providers and explicitely special needs of elderly. The practical part, carried out in a form of a factual combined research, covers content analysis of the websites of the particular institutions and their comparison according to the specific criteria (e.g. overall convenience of the websites, concept of the website structure, the services offered, information accuracy, contact form, to-be-filled in forms, links to the social media etc.). The criteria are mainly based on interviews with the elderly citizens., Fakulta filozofická, Studentka představila závěrečnou práci z hlediska vlastní motivace, cílů, metod a forem zpracování. Objasnila možnosti aplikace výsledků do praxe., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Bakgrund: För äldre personer som inte längre klarar sig själva i hemmet är oftast alternativet en flytt till ett äldreboende. Att flytta innebär för de allra flesta en väldigt stor omställning och förändring i livet där den äldre personen behöver göra sig hemmastadd på en helt ny plats sent i livet. Både den fysiska och psykosociala miljön på äldreboendet kan spela stor roll för beteende och livskvalitet hos den äldre. Denna litteraturöversikt söker finna de faktorer i just den fysiska miljön som kan göra äldreboendet till en plats som gynnar livskvalitet. Syfte: Att sammanställa forskningsbaserad kunskap om sambandet mellan den fysiska miljön och äldre personers beteende på äldreboende med ett fokus på hur det påverkar livskvaliteten. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med resultat hämtat från databaserna PubMed och Cinahl. Resultat: Resultatet visar att faktorer i den fysiska miljön har stor betydelse för beteende och livskvalitet hos de äldre personerna. Några av de faktorer som framkom var: betydelsen av en hemlik fysisk miljö, en planlösning som gynnar mobilitet, orientering och säkerhet samt tillgång till utomhusmiljöer. Slutsats: Uppbyggnaden av äldreboenden bör utföras så att de gynnar bland annat mobilisering, orientering och livskvalitet för den äldre personen. Att ta del av äldre personers önskemål och behov innebär att använda sig av ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt med patientens delaktighet och självbestämmande i fokus. Detta kan i sin tur leda till ökad livskvalitet., Background: For older people who no longer live at home, the option is usually to move into a retirement home. Moving away from home at such age often means a great readjustment in life. Both the physical and psychosocial environment at the retirement home can be of great matter to behaviour and quality of life. This literature review aims to find the factors that influence behavioural aspects and quality of life of the elderly person. Aim: To compile research-based knowledge about the relationship between the physical environment and the elderly's behavior in retirement homes, focusing on how it affects quality of life. Method: Literature review with results obtained from the databases PubMed and Cinahl Results: The result shows that factors in the physical environment are of great importance to the behavior and quality of life of the elderly. Some of the factors that emerged were: the importance of a homelike physical environment, a plan solution that promotes mobility, orientation and security as well as access to outdoor environments. Conclusion: Construction of retirement homes should be conducted to promote mobilization, orientation and quality of life for the elderly. To address the wishes and needs of the elderly means using a person-centered approach with the patient's involvement and self-determination in focus. This can lead to increased quality of life.

The aim of the conducted study was to analyse how care managers are using their discretion and the frontline practice in needs assessment and decision-making regarding elderly people applying for special forms of accommodation for older persons in need for special support, so-called “retirement home” (Social Services Act, 2001:453). The study was done with qualitative methods with semistructured interviews with four different care managers. The main question in the interviews was what are the crucial needs for the elderly to move to retirement home and how much influence the care managers and the elderly have in the process. In order to analyze the material the theory of discretion and street-level bureaucracy used. The study showed that care managers have greater latitude for investigate what needs the elderly have, but they are limited in decision of efforts to the needs. The study also showed that your care needs have to be 24 hours a day to have the right to move to a retirement home. These were directives that care managers get from the organization. The result showed that there was a difference between physical and mental needs, where physical was of greater importance.

Bakgrund: För äldre personer som inte längre klarar sig själva i hemmet är oftast alternativet en flytt till ett äldreboende. Att flytta innebär för de allra flesta en väldigt stor omställning och förändring i livet där den äldre personen behöver göra sig hemmastadd på en helt ny plats sent i livet. Både den fysiska och psykosociala miljön på äldreboendet kan spela stor roll för beteende och livskvalitet hos den äldre. Denna litteraturöversikt söker finna de faktorer i just den fysiska miljön som kan göra äldreboendet till en plats som gynnar livskvalitet. Syfte: Att sammanställa forskningsbaserad kunskap om sambandet mellan den fysiska miljön och äldre personers beteende på äldreboende med ett fokus på hur det påverkar livskvaliteten. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med resultat hämtat från databaserna PubMed och Cinahl. Resultat: Resultatet visar att faktorer i den fysiska miljön har stor betydelse för beteende och livskvalitet hos de äldre personerna. Några av de faktorer som framkom var: betydelsen av en hemlik fysisk miljö, en planlösning som gynnar mobilitet, orientering och säkerhet samt tillgång till utomhusmiljöer. Slutsats: Uppbyggnaden av äldreboenden bör utföras så att de gynnar bland annat mobilisering, orientering och livskvalitet för den äldre personen. Att ta del av äldre personers önskemål och behov innebär att använda sig av ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt med patientens delaktighet och självbestämmande i fokus. Detta kan i sin tur leda till ökad livskvalitet., Background: For older people who no longer live at home, the option is usually to move into a retirement home. Moving away from home at such age often means a great readjustment in life. Both the physical and psychosocial environment at the retirement home can be of great matter to behaviour and quality of life. This literature review aims to find the factors that influence behavioural aspects and quality of life of the elderly person. Aim: To compile research-based knowledge about the relationship between the physical environment and the elderly's behavior in retirement homes, focusing on how it affects quality of life. Method: Literature review with results obtained from the databases PubMed and Cinahl Results: The result shows that factors in the physical environment are of great importance to the behavior and quality of life of the elderly. Some of the factors that emerged were: the importance of a homelike physical environment, a plan solution that promotes mobility, orientation and security as well as access to outdoor environments. Conclusion: Construction of retirement homes should be conducted to promote mobilization, orientation and quality of life for the elderly. To address the wishes and needs of the elderly means using a person-centered approach with the patient's involvement and self-determination in focus. This can lead to increased quality of life.

The aim of the conducted study was to analyse how care managers are using their discretion and the frontline practice in needs assessment and decision-making regarding elderly people applying for special forms of accommodation for older persons in need for special support, so-called “retirement home” (Social Services Act, 2001:453). The study was done with qualitative methods with semistructured interviews with four different care managers. The main question in the interviews was what are the crucial needs for the elderly to move to retirement home and how much influence the care managers and the elderly have in the process. In order to analyze the material the theory of discretion and street-level bureaucracy used. The study showed that care managers have greater latitude for investigate what needs the elderly have, but they are limited in decision of efforts to the needs. The study also showed that your care needs have to be 24 hours a day to have the right to move to a retirement home. These were directives that care managers get from the organization. The result showed that there was a difference between physical and mental needs, where physical was of greater importance.

Zusammenfassung: Zahlreichen statistischen Daten belegen die Vergreisung der Gesellschaft in Europa, da parallel mit dem Anstieg der Bevölkerung die Zahl der Hochaltrigen steigt. Begründet wird diese Tatsache damit, dass sich die Faktoren wie beispielsweise Geburtenrate, Sterberate und Lebenserwartung verändert haben. Dies hat zur Folge, dass der Wohlfahrtsstaat die Aufgaben im Bereich „Elder Care“ vermehrt übernehmen muss. In den letzten Dezennien führt dies zu immer wieder kehrenden Debatten bezüglich diverser Reformen, innerhalb derer die Finanzierbarkeit eine zentrale Stellung einnimmt. Innerhalb dieser Forschungsarbeit wird der idiographische Ansatz, im Speziellen eine komperative Analyse zweier Staaten, gewählt. Diese Methode ist durch eine geringe Fallzahl mit deutlich abgegrenzten Variablen gekennzeichnet und führt über das Verstehen (Hermeneutik) zum Erkenntnisziel. Gemäß dieser Prämissen werden anhand der kontextuellen Bearbeitung des Themas drei Variable als relevant erachtet und infolge vergleichend dargestellt. Dies bedeutet, dass die beiden divergierenden Modelle in Punkto Elder Care nach den folgenden drei Aspekten vergleichend untersucht werden: der Regulierung/Zugangsbestimmungen, Finanzierung und der Leistungserbringung. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen deutliche Differenzen in diesen Bereichen auf, die einerseits auf den unterschiedlichen Wohlfahrtssystemen und der Umsetzung von Elder Care (Österreich: familienbasiert, Dänemark: serviecebasiert) beruhen und andererseits im Zugang zu diesem Thema liegen. Zusätzlich stehen in Dänemark die Prävention und die Erhaltung der Selbstständigkeit der älteren Menschen im eigenen Umfeld im Zentrum der Sozialpolitik, hingegen wird in Österreich erst im Bedarfsfall mit Unterstützungsangeboten agiert. ^Dementsprechend ist die Vielseitigkeit der formellen Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten in Dänemark seitens des Staates um vieles größer und die informelle Pflege durch Familienangehörige geringer als in Österreich. Die m, Many statistical data confirm the aging of the society in Europe, as the number of high-ranking people increases in parallel with the increase in the population. This fact is justified by the fact that factors such as birth rate, death rate and life expectancy have changed. As a result, the welfare state must increasingly assume the tasks in the "Elder Care" area. In the last decade this aspects have led to recurring debates on various reforms within the central point is the financial sustainability. In this thesis, the idiographical approach is chosen, in particular a comparative analysis of two states. This method is characterized by a small number of cases with clearly defined variables and performs on the understanding (Hermeneutic) for finding goal. According to these assumptions, three variables are considered to be relevant on the basis of the contextual treatment of the topic and are therefore presented as comparative. This means that the two divergent models in Elder Care will be comparatively investigated according to the following three aspects: regulation / access regulations, financing and the provision of services. The research results show significant differences in these areas. On the one hand there are the different welfare systems and the implementation base of Elder Care (Austria: family - based, Denmark: service - based) on the other hand the various access to this topic. In Denmark, the prevention and preservation of the self-reliance of the elderly are at the centre of social policy. In comparison to Denmark assistance is offered in Austria only when necessary. Accordingly, the diversity of the formal support measures in Denmark by the state is much greater and the informal care by family members is less than in Austria. Most of the care services in Austria are provided by the family members and are mostly provided free of charge, so that the care system receives a low level of funding from the system. In comparison, care in Denmark i, Mag.a Doris Ertl, Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers, Universität Innsbruck, Dissertation, 2017, OeBB, (VLID)2196449

The aim of this study was to examine how care workers at retirement homes reason on elderly who abuse alcohol with emphasis on following aspects: approach regarding elderly alcohol abusers, personal treatment in interaction with care recipients, discovering of alcohol abuse, courses of action, practical arrangements and the type of care given. The data has been analyzed on the basis of gender theory and social constructivism. Method that was implemented combined focus group interviews with vignettes. The results indicate that approach regarding elderly alcohol abusers, encounters between care workers and care recipients, discovering of alcohol abuse, courses of action, practical arrangements, the type of care given and attitudes and personal values regarding elderly who abuse alcohol are all influenced by gender. In addition, patterns that indicate that caretakers’ sympathetic attitudes towards seniors alcohol abuse are impacted by gender norms were detected., Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur omsorgspersonal som är verksamma inom äldreboende, resonerar kring äldre som missbrukar alkohol utifrån aspekter som synsätt, bemötande, upptäckande av alkoholmissbruk, tillvägagångssätt, praktiska åtgärder samt vård. Studiens resultat analyserades utifrån genus- och socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv. Metoden som implementerats är en kombination av fokusgruppsintervjuer med vinjetteknik. Resultatet tyder på att synsätt, bemötande, upptäckande, praktiska åtgärder samt vård attityder och värderingar angående äldre som missbrukar påverkas av genus. Utöver detta finns det mönster i materialet som tyder på att även förståelse för äldres missbruk påverkas av genusrelaterade normer.

Tato práce se zabývá komunikací personálu v domově pro seniory očima uživatelů. Teoretická část se zaměřuje na charakteristiku stáří a změny ve stáří, potřeby seniorů a věkovou diskriminaci seniorů. Vymezena je také komunikace a její specifika se seniory. Poslední část teorie charakterizuje domovy pro seniory, jejich činnosti, standardy kvality a pracovníky v sociálních službách. Výzkumná část práce má za cíl zjistit, jak jsou senioři spokojeni s komunikací s ošetřujícím personálem. Obsahem této části práce jsou vyhodnoceny výsledky kvantitativního výzkumu., This thesis deals with communication of the medical staff in the retirement home from the perspective of clients. The theoretical part characterizes age and changes caused by the age of pensioners, needs of pensioners and the age discrimination of pensioners. There is also defined communication with pensioners and its specifics. The last part of the theoretical part characterizes the retirement home, its activities, standards of quality, and health care workers. The empirical part discovers how satisfied pensioners are with communication with medical staff. In this part are also included the evaluated results of the quantitative research., Fakulta zdravotnických studií, Hodnocení vedoucího: výborně minus Hodnocení oponenta: velmi dobře minus Doplňující otázky k obhajobě: 1. V teoretické části práce zmiňujete Standardy kvality sociálních služeb. Z jakého důvodu? Vztahují se k vašemu tématu? Pokud ano, jak? 2. V doporučeních v závěru práce zmiňujete výhradně doporučení systémová a manažerská. Co byste na základě vaší práce doporučila přímo pracovníkům v přímé péči? Obhajoba bakalářské práce s prezentací velmi dobrá., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou