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The present Final Degree Project (TFG) focuses on the study and development of a new Maintenance Program intended for the future fleet of B737-MAX aircraft that Air Europa plans to incorporate in the year 2024. The importance of this project lies in the need to implement an appropriate Maintenance Program to ensure the safe and efficient operation of these next-generation aircraft, with an additional emphasis on the environmental benefits derived from transitioning to a more modern and efficient fleet. In the current phase, the Maintenance Program for the B737-MAX fleet is in full development, anticipating the official incorporation of the new aircraft into Air Europa's fleet. This proactive approach seeks to address the inherent complexities of the new models, ensuring that once operational, they have a robust Maintenance Program tailored to their specific characteristics. The Maintenance Program plays a vital role in an airline as it ensures the safety, reliability, and efficiency of air operations. Its development and implementation are crucial to meeting regulatory standards, maximizing the lifespan of aircraft, and minimizing downtime. The project begins with a historical review of Air Europa, exploring its evolution and specific needs. This analysis provides a fundamental basis for understanding the context in which the new Maintenance Program is implemented. Key milestones in the airline's history, from its foundation to its current position in the market, are considered, identifying factors that may influence operational strategies and the incorporation of this new fleet. A detailed analysis is conducted of the advantages of incorporating the B737-MAX fleet into the company, considering economic and operational aspects. Financial benefits, such as fuel efficiency and reduced operating costs, as well as improvements in operational performance and passenger experience, are examined. These aspects are integrated into the Maintenance Program planning, ensuring a

There are many challenges associated with microplastics (MPs), highlighting their presence and detrimental effects on both human health and the environment. This work presents a possible solution proposed by Captoplastic S.L (Captoplastic), a technology for the capture and control of MPs in any aqueous medium based on the agglomeration and magnetic separation of particles, achieving a high removal efficiency. Also, a proprietary method patented by Captoplastic for the control of MPs in any water sample is described, addressing current limitations in existing analytical techniques, such as analysis in complex samples. The study aims to determine the presence and concentration of MPs in a waste water treatment plant (WWTP). The methodology used is detailed, from sample preparation to experimental results, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method in the detection and quantification of MPs in real wastewater samples, validating the recovery of these pollutants in 96 %. This technological advance is presented as an effective and promising answer to face the global challenge of MPs contamination., Son muchos los desafíos asociados a los microplásticos (MPs), destacando su presencia y efectos perjudiciales tanto en la salud humana como en el medio ambiente. Este trabajo presenta una posible solución propuesta por Captoplastic S.L (Captoplastic), una tecnología de captura y control de MPs en cualquier medio acuoso que se basa en la aglomeración y separación magnética de las partículas, logrando una alta eficacia de eliminación. También, se describe un método propio patentado por Captoplastic para el control de los MPs en cualquier muestra de agua, abordando las limitaciones actuales en las técnicas analíticas existentes, como el análisis en muestras complejas. Este estudio también determina la presencia y concentración de MPs en el vertido de una estación depuradora de agua residual urbana (EDAR). Se detalla la metodología utilizada, desde la preparación de muestras hasta los resultados experimentales, demostrando la efectividad del método en la detección y cuantificación de MPs en muestras reales de aguas residuales, validando la recuperación de estos contaminantes en un 96 %. Este avance tecnológico se presenta como una respuesta efectiva y prometedora para enfrentar el desafío global de la contaminación por MPs., São muitos os desafios associados às microplásticos (MPs), destacando-se a sua presença e os seus efeitos prejudiciais tanto para a saúde humana como para o ambiente.Este trabalho apresenta uma possível solução proposta pela Captoplastic, uma tecnologia de captura e controlo de MPs em qualquer meio aquoso baseia-se na aglomeração e separação magnética das partículas, alcançando uma elevada eficiência de remoção. Além disso, é descrito um método patenteado pela Captoplastic S.L. (Captoplastic) para o controlo de MPs em qualquer amostra de água, abordando as limitações actuais das técnicas analíticas existentes, tais como a análise em amostras complexas. O estudo tem como objetivo determinar a presença e a concentração de MPs numa estação de tratamento de águas (ETAR). A metodologia utilizada é detalhada, desde a preparação da amostra até aos resultados experimentais, demonstrando a eficácia do método na deteção e quantificação de MPs em amostras reais de águas residuais, validando a recuperação destes poluentes em 96 %. Este avanço tecnológico é apresentado como uma resposta eficaz e promissora ao desafio global da poluição por MPs.

Running a C.W. electron accelerator as a user facility for more than two decades necessitates upgrades or even complete redesign of subsystems at some point. At ELBE, the outdated timing system needed a replacement due to obsolete components and functional limitations. Starting in 2019, with Cosylab as contractor and using hardware by Micro Research Finland, the new timing system has been developed and tested and is about to become operational. Besides the ability to generate a broader variety of beam patterns from single pulse mode to 26 MHz C.W. beams for the two electron sources, one of the benefits of the new system is improved machine safety. The ELBE control systems is mainly based on PLCs and industrial SCADA tools. This contribution depicts how the timing system implementation to the existing machine entailed extensions and modifications of the ELBE machine protection system, i.e. a new core MPS PLC, and how they are being realized.

In this compilation thesis, three different quantum mechanical systems are presented. All three have in common that they are one-dimensional quantum systems which, each in their own way, can be seen as analogous to other quantum systems. Chapter 2 is an introduction which takes on the ambitious task to guide the reader from standard quantum mechanical theory to the theory of condensed matter physics. In chapter 3 I present a theory for creating co- herent oscillations in the adiabatic eigenstates of time-periodic quantum systems. These are directly analogous to so-called Bloch oscillations which appear for electrons in periodical potentials which are subjected to a constant force. Chapter 4 concerns how phonon physics, in particular the Peierls instability, can be mimicked in systems of interacting ultacold quantum mechanical gases. In chapter 5, I present quantum mechanical circuits (circuit QED). We propose a circuit where the low-energy physics is analogous to a strongly interacting generalized spin chain, where the so-called superradiance directly correspond to a polarized Ising phase.

Running a C.W. electron accelerator as a user facility for more than two decades necessitates upgrades or even complete redesign of subsystems at some point. At ELBE, the outdated timing system needed a replacement due to obsolete components and functional limitations. Starting in 2019, with Cosylab as contractor and using hardware by Micro Research Finland, the new timing system has been developed and tested and is about to become operational. Besides the ability to generate a broader variety of beam patterns from single pulse mode to 26 MHz C.W. beams for the two electron sources, one of the benefits of the new system is improved machine safety. The ELBE control systems is mainly based on PLCs and industrial SCADA tools. This contribution depicts how the timing system implementation to the existing machine entailed extensions and modifications of the ELBE machine protection system, i.e. a new core MPS PLC, and how they are being realized.

The status quo of software applications is in a constant evolution due to emerging of new technologies, performance improvements, and new business requirements. In the past years a new architectural style named microservice architecture emerged which takes an approach to develop application characterised by a suite of small services each running in its own process being decoupled from the other application's components. Nevertheless, implementing a microservice architecture is not trivial and it also comes with several downsides such as a higher complexity of configuring and developing the services, proper componentisation for supporting a single business capability, and implementing the appropriate related software design patterns. Additionally, it requires writing of boilerplate code templates to configure the communication with the services and their deployment. State of the art research tries to address these issues by providing domain-specific languages that enable users to specify and generate microservice applications. However, these solutions do not provide a tool for specifying and generating a microser vice-based application similar to any other software application. This paper proposes MaGiC, a DSL framework for implementing language agnostic microservice-based web applications. The framework can be used to specify and deploy to Docker containers microser vice-based software applications from end-to-end which can be used as any other application on the internet.

Running a C.W. electron accelerator as a user facility for more than two decades necessitates upgrades or even complete redesign of subsystems at some point. At ELBE, the outdated timing system needed a replacement due to obsolete components and functional limitations. Starting in 2019, with Cosylab as contractor and using hardware by Micro Research Finland, the new timing system has been developed and tested and is about to become operational. Besides the ability to generate a broader variety of beam patterns from single pulse mode to 26 MHz C.W. beams for the two electron sources, one of the benefits of the new system is improved machine safety. The ELBE control systems is mainly based on PLCs and industrial SCADA tools. This contribution depicts how the timing system implementation to the existing machine entailed extensions and modifications of the ELBE machine protection system, i.e. a new core MPS PLC, and how they are being realized.

In this compilation thesis, three different quantum mechanical systems are presented. All three have in common that they are one-dimensional quantum systems which, each in their own way, can be seen as analogous to other quantum systems. Chapter 2 is an introduction which takes on the ambitious task to guide the reader from standard quantum mechanical theory to the theory of condensed matter physics. In chapter 3 I present a theory for creating co- herent oscillations in the adiabatic eigenstates of time-periodic quantum systems. These are directly analogous to so-called Bloch oscillations which appear for electrons in periodical potentials which are subjected to a constant force. Chapter 4 concerns how phonon physics, in particular the Peierls instability, can be mimicked in systems of interacting ultacold quantum mechanical gases. In chapter 5, I present quantum mechanical circuits (circuit QED). We propose a circuit where the low-energy physics is analogous to a strongly interacting generalized spin chain, where the so-called superradiance directly correspond to a polarized Ising phase.

In this compilation thesis, three different quantum mechanical systems are presented. All three have in common that they are one-dimensional quantum systems which, each in their own way, can be seen as analogous to other quantum systems. Chapter 2 is an introduction which takes on the ambitious task to guide the reader from standard quantum mechanical theory to the theory of condensed matter physics. In chapter 3 I present a theory for creating co- herent oscillations in the adiabatic eigenstates of time-periodic quantum systems. These are directly analogous to so-called Bloch oscillations which appear for electrons in periodical potentials which are subjected to a constant force. Chapter 4 concerns how phonon physics, in particular the Peierls instability, can be mimicked in systems of interacting ultacold quantum mechanical gases. In chapter 5, I present quantum mechanical circuits (circuit QED). We propose a circuit where the low-energy physics is analogous to a strongly interacting generalized spin chain, where the so-called superradiance directly correspond to a polarized Ising phase.

Le cellule dendritiche (DC) e i monociti sono cellule immunitarie innate coinvolte nel riconoscimento di patogeni e molecole associate a danno, nello scatenare l’immunità adattativa e nel mantenimento dell’omeostasi. Queste cellule sono collettivamente chiamate cellule del sistema fagocitico mononucleare (MPS), e la loro origine ed il loro sviluppo nell’uomo richiedono ancora studio. I recettori delle citochine determinanti l’origine (LDCR) sono fattori di crescita con importante ruolo nel differenziamento e nella sopravvivenza delle cellule ematopoietiche. Questi recettori sono presenti anche su cellule mature, suggerendone un ruolo post-differenziamento. Il legame tra DC e monociti è stato qui dimostrato usando CSF1R, un LDCR conosciuto in precedenza come espresso solo su macrofagi, ma ora caratterizzato anche su tutte le cellule del MPS. Il MPS c’è stato analizzato in diversi contesti patologici, per caratterizzarne lo stato di sviluppo e attivazione. Le DC e i monociti sono stati studiati in due diversi vaccini antimalarici. Entrambi i vaccini contengono lo stesso antigene del Plasmodium falciparum, la proteina AMA1. Uno dei vaccini si basa su vettori virali, mentre l’altro contiene la proteina ricombinante somministrata con un adiuvante lipidico. Il MPS è risultato modulato, con percentuali di cellule diverse a seconda del vaccino somministrato. Inoltre, il vaccino a vettore virale ha causato una maggiore attivazione delle cellule rispetto al vaccino proteico. L’espressione di LDCR e proteine di superficie nelle cellule CSF1R+ è stata modificata in maniera dipendente dalla formulazione dei vaccini. Le DC hanno un importante ruolo anche nelle malattie infettive. Nella pandemia globale di COVID-19, capire come il MPS è modulato dal virus SARS-CoV-2 era cruciale, specialmente per gli anziani e le persone con patologie pre-esistenti. Due gruppi di pazienti COVID del Sud Africa sono stati studiati, ed erano presenti coinfezioni da HIV e tubercolosi, trattament, Dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes are innate immune cells involved in recognising pathogens or damage-associated molecules, triggering adaptive immune responses, and maintaining homeostatic conditions. DCs and monocytes are collectively referred to as Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) cells, and their origin and development in humans still need elucidating. Lineage-determining cytokine receptors (LDCRs) are growth factors with a pivotal role in haematopoietic cell differentiation and survival. These receptors are retained on mature cell surface, suggesting an active role after differentiation. Here, the link between DCs and monocytes at a developmental level was assessed at steady state using CSF1R, a LDCR previously known as expressed only on macrophages, but now proved to be on all cells of the MPS. The MPS was further studied across multiple diseases, to assess its development or effector state. DCs and monocytes were assessed in two distinct anti-malarial vaccine challenges. Both vaccines targeted the same blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum antigen apical membrane protein 1 (AMA1), involved in erythrocyte invasion by malaria. One vaccine formulation was based on a prime-boost viral delivery of the antigen, while the other vaccine consisted of the recombinant protein administered with a liposome-based adjuvant system. The MPS was greatly affected and reshaped, with cell fluctuations in percentages depending on the vaccine formulation. The viral-vectored vaccine also seemed to activate cells more effectively compared to the protein vaccine. LDCR and surface marker expression in CSF1R+ cells was also affected by the different vaccine vector components. DCs also play a role in infectious diseases. In the global pandemic of COVID-19, understanding how the MPS is modulated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus was crucial, especially for elderly people and individuals with underlying conditions. Two South African COVID patients’ cohorts were investigated, where HIV and Tb coinfec

In this compilation thesis, three different quantum mechanical systems are presented. All three have in common that they are one-dimensional quantum systems which, each in their own way, can be seen as analogous to other quantum systems. Chapter 2 is an introduction which takes on the ambitious task to guide the reader from standard quantum mechanical theory to the theory of condensed matter physics. In chapter 3 I present a theory for creating co- herent oscillations in the adiabatic eigenstates of time-periodic quantum systems. These are directly analogous to so-called Bloch oscillations which appear for electrons in periodical potentials which are subjected to a constant force. Chapter 4 concerns how phonon physics, in particular the Peierls instability, can be mimicked in systems of interacting ultacold quantum mechanical gases. In chapter 5, I present quantum mechanical circuits (circuit QED). We propose a circuit where the low-energy physics is analogous to a strongly interacting generalized spin chain, where the so-called superradiance directly correspond to a polarized Ising phase.

Hunter syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) II, is a rare lysosomal disorder characterized by progressive, multi-system disease. As most symptoms cannot be reversed once established, early detection and treatment prior to the onset of clinical symptoms are critical. However, it is difficult to identify affected individuals early in disease, and therefore the long-term outcomes of initiating treatment during this optimal time period are incompletely described. We report long-term clinical outcomes of treatment when initiated prior to obvious clinical signs by comparing the courses of two siblings with neuronopathic Hunter syndrome (c.1504 T > G[p.W502G]), one who was diagnosed due to clinical disease (Sibling-O, age 3.7 years) and the other who was diagnosed before disease was evident (Sibling-Y, age 12 months), due to his older sibling's findings. The brothers began enzyme replacement therapy within a month of diagnosis. Around the age of 5 years, Sibling-O had a cognitive measurement score in the impaired range of <55 (average range 85-115), whereas Sibling-Y at this age received a score of 91. Sibling-O has never achieved toilet training and needs direct assistance with toileting, dressing, and washing, while Sibling-Y is fully toilet-trained and requires less assistance with daily activities. Both siblings have demonstrated sensory-seeking behaviors, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and sleep difficulties; however, Sibling-O demonstrates physical behaviors that his brother does not, namely biting, pushing, and frequent elopement. Since the time of diagnosis, Sibling-O has had significant joint contractures and a steady deterioration in mobility leading to the need for an adaptive stroller at age 11, while Sibling-Y at age 10.5 could hike more than 6 miles without assistance. After nearly a decade of therapy, there were more severe and life-limiting disease manifestations for Sibling-O; data from caregiver interview indicate

The aim of this thesis is to simulate quantum spin chains at a finite temperature. This has been achieved by using purification to write the incoherent thermal states of the spin chain as pure states, after which the matrix product state (MPS) formalism to simulate the spin chain. The influence of temperature on the spin chain has been tested by comparing chain magnetization to the strength of the external magnetic field at different temperatures. Real time evolution has also been applied under the assumption that the time evolution is adiabatic. The results have been compared to the analytical solution found by directly calculating the density matrix. The model is very accurate for imaginary time evolution, which is required to evolve the system to the desired temperature. During real time evolution the results oscillate slightly around the analytical solution, which remains constant. This oscillation is a consequence of model truncation and the Suzuki-Trotter approximation. The effect of allocating more numerical resources to limit this phenomenon is explored, and a method to increase reachable timescales by decreasing entanglement growth in the chain over time is tested and verified., Applied Mathematics | Applied Physics

Hunter syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) II, is a rare lysosomal disorder characterized by progressive, multi-system disease. As most symptoms cannot be reversed once established, early detection and treatment prior to the onset of clinical symptoms are critical. However, it is difficult to identify affected individuals early in disease, and therefore the long-term outcomes of initiating treatment during this optimal time period are incompletely described. We report long-term clinical outcomes of treatment when initiated prior to obvious clinical signs by comparing the courses of two siblings with neuronopathic Hunter syndrome (c.1504 T > G[p.W502G]), one who was diagnosed due to clinical disease (Sibling-O, age 3.7 years) and the other who was diagnosed before disease was evident (Sibling-Y, age 12 months), due to his older sibling's findings. The brothers began enzyme replacement therapy within a month of diagnosis. Around the age of 5 years, Sibling-O had a cognitive measurement score in the impaired range of <55 (average range 85-115), whereas Sibling-Y at this age received a score of 91. Sibling-O has never achieved toilet training and needs direct assistance with toileting, dressing, and washing, while Sibling-Y is fully toilet-trained and requires less assistance with daily activities. Both siblings have demonstrated sensory-seeking behaviors, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and sleep difficulties; however, Sibling-O demonstrates physical behaviors that his brother does not, namely biting, pushing, and frequent elopement. Since the time of diagnosis, Sibling-O has had significant joint contractures and a steady deterioration in mobility leading to the need for an adaptive stroller at age 11, while Sibling-Y at age 10.5 could hike more than 6 miles without assistance. After nearly a decade of therapy, there were more severe and life-limiting disease manifestations for Sibling-O; data from caregiver interview indicate

Ice hockey has been identified as a sport with a high risk for concussions due to it being highly physical. Improvements have been made over the years to improve the protective gear for the players effectively eliminating more severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) however mild concussions (mTBI) are still prevalent to this day. One way of predicting these injuries in the recent years is the usage of finite element (FE) analysis to recreate impacts to study the effects of said head kinematics and strain parameters using validated FE models of the brain. In this thesis, video analysis was done on five cases resulting in a concussion and five cases not resulting in concussion from both the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) and the National Hockey League (NHL) to extract the initial velocities and positioning. The average velocity for the injured player and attacking player was 5.12 m/s and 5.08 m/s respectively for the impacts resulting in a concussion. Additionally, the average velocity for the injured player and attacking player was 4.80 m/s and 5.51 respectively for the impacts not resulting in a concussion. The video analysis methodology was also validated using a dataset from a football game and resulted in an average error of 25.4%. The impacts were recreated using the extracted velocities and initial positions in LS-PrePost with the full body FE model THUMS v.4.02 representing a 50th percentile adult male fitted with a helmet previously developed by master thesis students at KTH. The simulations were ran using LS-DYNA. The head kinematics from the head’s center of gravity and brain strain measured called Maximum Principal Strain (MPS) were extracted. Using the MPS values, the 95th percentile was calculated to then determine the likelihood of concussion. The MPS95 ranged from 0.18 to 0.63 for the cases resulting in a likelihood of concussion of 7.48 to 100%. For the cases not resulting in a concussion, the MPS95 values ranged from 0.20 to 0.45 resulting in likelihood, Ishockey har fastställts som en sport med höga risker för hjärnskakning på grund av dess fysiska natur. Med åren har förbättringar gjorts på skyddsutrustningen vilket har avlägsnat allvarligare hjärnskador (TBI) från sporten, men dessvärre förekommer mildare hjärnskakningar än idag. På senare år har användning av finita element (FE) metoder använts för att återskapa kollisionerna för att förutspå dessa skador. Detta görs genom att använda validerade FE modeller av hjärnan för att analysera kinematiken samt töjningarna. I detta arbete gjordes en videoanalys av fem fall som resulterade i hjärnskakning samt fem fall där kollisionen inte resulterade i en hjärnskakning från både den Svenska Hockey Ligan (SHL) och "National Hockey League" (NHL). Från videoanalysen togs de initiala hastigheterna samt positionerna fram. Den genomsnittliga hastigheten för den skadade spelaren respektive attackerande spelaren var 5.12 m/s och 5.02 m/s för fallen där hjärnskakning hade skett. För fallen där hjärnskakning inte hade skett var hastigheten för den skadade respektive attackerande spelaren var 4.80 m/s samt 5.51 m/s. Videoanalysmetoden validerades genom att utföra videoanalysis på en databas från en fotbollsmatch. Valideringen resulterade i ett genomsnittligt fel på 25.4%. Kollisionerna återskapades genom att använda de extraherade initiala hastigheterna och positionerna i LS-PrePost med FE helkroppsdockan THUMS v.4.02 som representerade en 50:e percentil vuxen man utrustad med en ishockeyhjälm som utvecklats av tidigare masterexamensstudenter på KTH. Simuleringarna gjordes genom LS-DYNA. Huvudkinematiken från huvudets tyngdpunkt samt de maximala principiella töjningarna (MPS) i hjärnan extraherades. Från de extraherade MPS värdena kunde den 95:e percentilen uträknas för att bestämma sannolikheten att hjärnskakning sker. För fallen där hjärnskakning skett, varierade MPS95 värdet mellan 0.18 till 0.63 vilket motsvarar en risk för hjärnskakning på 7.48% respektive 100%. För fallen där

Ice hockey has been identified as a sport with a high risk for concussions due to it being highly physical. Improvements have been made over the years to improve the protective gear for the players effectively eliminating more severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) however mild concussions (mTBI) are still prevalent to this day. One way of predicting these injuries in the recent years is the usage of finite element (FE) analysis to recreate impacts to study the effects of said head kinematics and strain parameters using validated FE models of the brain. In this thesis, video analysis was done on five cases resulting in a concussion and five cases not resulting in concussion from both the Swedish Hockey League (SHL) and the National Hockey League (NHL) to extract the initial velocities and positioning. The average velocity for the injured player and attacking player was 5.12 m/s and 5.08 m/s respectively for the impacts resulting in a concussion. Additionally, the average velocity for the injured player and attacking player was 4.80 m/s and 5.51 respectively for the impacts not resulting in a concussion. The video analysis methodology was also validated using a dataset from a football game and resulted in an average error of 25.4%. The impacts were recreated using the extracted velocities and initial positions in LS-PrePost with the full body FE model THUMS v.4.02 representing a 50th percentile adult male fitted with a helmet previously developed by master thesis students at KTH. The simulations were ran using LS-DYNA. The head kinematics from the head’s center of gravity and brain strain measured called Maximum Principal Strain (MPS) were extracted. Using the MPS values, the 95th percentile was calculated to then determine the likelihood of concussion. The MPS95 ranged from 0.18 to 0.63 for the cases resulting in a likelihood of concussion of 7.48 to 100%. For the cases not resulting in a concussion, the MPS95 values ranged from 0.20 to 0.45 resulting in likelihood, Ishockey har fastställts som en sport med höga risker för hjärnskakning på grund av dess fysiska natur. Med åren har förbättringar gjorts på skyddsutrustningen vilket har avlägsnat allvarligare hjärnskador (TBI) från sporten, men dessvärre förekommer mildare hjärnskakningar än idag. På senare år har användning av finita element (FE) metoder använts för att återskapa kollisionerna för att förutspå dessa skador. Detta görs genom att använda validerade FE modeller av hjärnan för att analysera kinematiken samt töjningarna. I detta arbete gjordes en videoanalys av fem fall som resulterade i hjärnskakning samt fem fall där kollisionen inte resulterade i en hjärnskakning från både den Svenska Hockey Ligan (SHL) och "National Hockey League" (NHL). Från videoanalysen togs de initiala hastigheterna samt positionerna fram. Den genomsnittliga hastigheten för den skadade spelaren respektive attackerande spelaren var 5.12 m/s och 5.02 m/s för fallen där hjärnskakning hade skett. För fallen där hjärnskakning inte hade skett var hastigheten för den skadade respektive attackerande spelaren var 4.80 m/s samt 5.51 m/s. Videoanalysmetoden validerades genom att utföra videoanalysis på en databas från en fotbollsmatch. Valideringen resulterade i ett genomsnittligt fel på 25.4%. Kollisionerna återskapades genom att använda de extraherade initiala hastigheterna och positionerna i LS-PrePost med FE helkroppsdockan THUMS v.4.02 som representerade en 50:e percentil vuxen man utrustad med en ishockeyhjälm som utvecklats av tidigare masterexamensstudenter på KTH. Simuleringarna gjordes genom LS-DYNA. Huvudkinematiken från huvudets tyngdpunkt samt de maximala principiella töjningarna (MPS) i hjärnan extraherades. Från de extraherade MPS värdena kunde den 95:e percentilen uträknas för att bestämma sannolikheten att hjärnskakning sker. För fallen där hjärnskakning skett, varierade MPS95 värdet mellan 0.18 till 0.63 vilket motsvarar en risk för hjärnskakning på 7.48% respektive 100%. För fallen där

Objetivos: En esta revisión bibliográfica se evalúa la eficacia de las soluciones multipropósito (MPS) en el ámbito de la limpieza y la desinfección contra diferentes microorganismos en lentes de contacto (LC). Material y métodos: A partir de la búsqueda realizada en fuentes de datos como PubMed, EMBASE o Medline y el apoyo de Google Scholar, se realizó un estudio de la eficacia conocida de las MPS en los últimos años, incluyendo estudios clínicos realizados in vivo y con la ayuda de estudios descriptivos y ensayos realizados in vitro. Para ello, se buscó responder a la pregunta PICO: “¿Demuestran las nuevas soluciones multipropósito una mayor eficacia que otras soluciones oftálmicas con respecto a la limpieza y desinfección de lentes de contacto?”. Resultados: Se recogieron 8 artículos para la obtención de resultados, en los que solo se pudo encontrar un ensayo clínico comparativo sobre la seguridad del uso de Aloe vera en MPS y otro ensayo in vivo sobre estas soluciones frente a la queratitis bacteriana. Hubo que apoyar la búsqueda sobre la eficacia de desinfección en 6 estudios in vitro sobre microorganismos como Acanthamoeba, Pseudomona aeruginosa, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium sp. y una última más actual, sobre el nuevo coronavirus humano provocado por SARS-CoV-2. Conclusiones: Se presenció una carencia de conocimientos frente a este producto a pesar de su frecuente uso en el mantenimiento de LC en pacientes. La eficacia de mantenimiento y limpieza de estas soluciones es correcta, pero la desinfección no mostró los efectos microbicidas deseados. Para una eliminación total se demostró una mayor eficacia en otras soluciones como las compuestas con peróxido de hidrógeno.

Democracy is based on individuals’ ability to give their opinions freely. To do this, they must have access to a multitude of reliable information sources, and this greatly depends on the characteristics of their media environments. Today, one of the main issues individuals face is the significant amount of disinformation circulating through social networks. This study focuses on parliamentary disinformation. It examines how parliamentarians contribute to generating information disorder in the digital public space. Through an exploratory content analysis − a descriptive content analysis of 2,307 messages posted on Twitter accounts of parliamentary spokespeople and representatives of the main list of each political party in the Spanish Lower House of Parliament − we explore disinformation rhetoric. The results allow us to conclude that, while the volume of messages shared by parliamentarians on issues susceptible to disinformation is relatively low (14% of tweets), both the themes of the tweets (COVID-19, sex-based violence, migrants or LGBTI), as well as their tone and argumentative and discursive lines, contribute to generating distrust through institutional criticism or their peers. The study deepens current knowledge of the disinformation generated by political elites, key agents of the construction of polarising narratives., La democracia se basa en la capacidad de los individuos para generar libremente sus opiniones. Para hacerlo, necesitan tener acceso a una pluralidad de fuentes y contenidos veraces de información, y este acceso depende, en gran medida, de las características de sus entornos mediáticos. Uno de los principales problemas de la sociedad actual es el elevado volumen de desinformación que circula a través de las redes sociales. Este trabajo se centra en la desinformación parlamentaria. Observa si y cómo los parlamentarios contribuyen a generar desorden informativo en el espacio público digital. Mediante un análisis exploratorio del contenido de 2.307 mensajes publicados en Twitter por portavoces parlamentarios y representantes de la lista principal de cada grupo en el Congreso de los Diputados en España, se estudian las retóricas de desinformación. Los resultados permiten concluir que, si bien el volumen de mensajes de desinformación es relativamente bajo (14% de los tweets), tanto las temáticas (COVID-19, violencia de género, migrantes o colectivo LGTBI), como el tono y las líneas discursivas de los tweets conforman pautas que contribuyen al desorden informativo, generando desconfianza en las instituciones y entre los propios representantes parlamentarios. El estudio ahonda en el conocimiento de la desinformación generada por las élites políticas, sujetos clave en la gestación de narrativas polarizadoras.

Y haplogroups, defined by Y-SNPs, allow the reconstruction of the human Y chromosome genealogy. Recently, MPS based panels were introduced in the forensic genetics community for Y-SNP typing and identification of a broad range of haplogroups. The panels are based on an amplicon strategy and allow the detection of up to 15,600 Y-SNPs. The panels target up to 210,000 bps, which should be compared to the overall 8.9 Mbps comprising the unique regions of the non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY). We present an alternative approach of sequencing unique regions within the NRY using target enrichment probes and hybridization capture. A total of 359,954 probes were designed using the SureDesign software, representing 7.5 Mbps of the NRY. Library preparation and capture were performed using the Agilent SureSelect XT HS2 Target Enrichment method and sequencing was performed in a NovaSeq 6000 System. Besides individual barcodes, the method also included unique molecular barcodes for additional quality screening. The method was tested on admixed South Americans that carry a Y chromosome of haplogroup Q. We successfully identified novel variation that could potentially help refining haplogroup Q phylogeny.

Democracy is based on individuals’ ability to give their opinions freely. To do this, they must have access to a multitude of reliable information sources, and this greatly depends on the characteristics of their media environments. Today, one of the main issues individuals face is the significant amount of disinformation circulating through social networks. This study focuses on parliamentary disinformation. It examines how parliamentarians contribute to generating information disorder in the digital public space. Through an exploratory content analysis − a descriptive content analysis of 2,307 messages posted on Twitter accounts of parliamentary spokespeople and representatives of the main list of each political party in the Spanish Lower House of Parliament − we explore disinformation rhetoric. The results allow us to conclude that, while the volume of messages shared by parliamentarians on issues susceptible to disinformation is relatively low (14% of tweets), both the themes of the tweets (COVID-19, sex-based violence, migrants or LGBTI), as well as their tone and argumentative and discursive lines, contribute to generating distrust through institutional criticism or their peers. The study deepens current knowledge of the disinformation generated by political elites, key agents of the construction of polarising narratives., La democracia se basa en la capacidad de los individuos para generar libremente sus opiniones. Para hacerlo, necesitan tener acceso a una pluralidad de fuentes y contenidos veraces de información, y este acceso depende, en gran medida, de las características de sus entornos mediáticos. Uno de los principales problemas de la sociedad actual es el elevado volumen de desinformación que circula a través de las redes sociales. Este trabajo se centra en la desinformación parlamentaria. Observa si y cómo los parlamentarios contribuyen a generar desorden informativo en el espacio público digital. Mediante un análisis exploratorio del contenido de 2.307 mensajes publicados en Twitter por portavoces parlamentarios y representantes de la lista principal de cada grupo en el Congreso de los Diputados en España, se estudian las retóricas de desinformación. Los resultados permiten concluir que, si bien el volumen de mensajes de desinformación es relativamente bajo (14% de los tweets), tanto las temáticas (COVID-19, violencia de género, migrantes o colectivo LGTBI), como el tono y las líneas discursivas de los tweets conforman pautas que contribuyen al desorden informativo, generando desconfianza en las instituciones y entre los propios representantes parlamentarios. El estudio ahonda en el conocimiento de la desinformación generada por las élites políticas, sujetos clave en la gestación de narrativas polarizadoras.

Design and development of domain-specific modeling languages are crucial activities in model-driven engineering. At the core of these languages we find metamodels, i.e. descriptions of concepts and rules to combine those concepts in order to build valid models. Both in research and practice, metamodels are created and updated more or less frequently to meet certain business requirements. Although there exist several workbenches for metamodeling, some textual (e.g., JetBrains MPS) and some graphical (e.g., Eclipse Modeling Framework - EMF), it still remains a sensitive and complex task, where several stakeholders with different skill-sets need to be able to properly exchange ideas and reach agreements.To maximize the throughput of metamodeling activities, in this paper we propose a Blended Metamodeling Framework (BMF) that enables the development of metamodels through both graphical and textual (natural language) notations interchangeably, by utilizing the concepts of Natural Language Processing and model-driven engineering. The feasibility of the framework is demonstrated via the Portable test and Stimulus Standard (PSS) use case, where a DSML is developed by seamlessly blending the use of textual (natural language) and graphical (EMF) notations. Moreover, for demonstration purposes we also generate a domain-specific language structure reflecting the metamodel in JetBrains MPS.

Is the perceived and preferred policy distance in a party system affected by the ideological position of the individual? Using survey data, this study answers this question by analysing the perceptions and preferences of Swedish citizens and MPs concerning inter-party policy differences. The study departs from the psychological theory of contrast and assimilation as well as rational choice assumptions and tests four hypotheses. 1) An ideologically extreme position leads some individuals to perceive and prefer greater policy differences in a party system than do people with a more centrist ideological position (supported among citizens, but only partly supported among MPs). 2) Among MPs, extreme and centrist ideological positions have no significant effect on the perception of the policy distance within a party system, while such effects are significant among other citizens (supported). 3) Individuals in polarising party factions tend to prefer larger policy distances within a party system than do other individuals (supported). 4) MPs belonging to a polarising party faction tend to prefer larger policy distances in party systems than do other MPs, while no such effects are significant among other citizens (not supported)., Minskad ideologisk polarisering i Västeuropa? (Mipok)

Microplastics (MPs) are a major pollution concern since the start of the mass produc-tion of plastics in the 1950s. MPs form A) when plastics are produced intentionally to be part of beauty products and B) when plastics are broken down into smaller particles by sunlight, wind, and rain. This is called primary and secondary microplastics, respectively. MPs are a concern because they can carry toxic substances with them and become deposited in sediments where they are impossible to remove. Studies from China, Europe and India show that microplastics are accumulating and increasing worldwide, and reaching former pristine waters and environ-ments, such as the Arctic and natural reserves in Spain. A study from India shows that harbours and tourist beaches are especially polluted areas. When deposited on dry land, MPs can go into the so called “plastic cycle” and be transformed into carbon in sediments. This carbon can trans-form into greenhouse gases through biological processes, thus MPs are indirectly contributing to the greenhouse effect. The interest in MPs has increased over the years 2011 to 2021, as shown by an increasing trend in the number of international scientific publications. In this bachelor’s degree project, the Tisza River’s MP pollution is compared with other rivers, such as the Thames and the Elbe. The conclusion is that almost everywhere in the world, the amount of MP is increasing, especially when taking into consideration the Andong salt marsh in China and an urban river in the United Kingdom. The MP pollution is reaching an all-time high, and in this project, the importance of recycling and legislation is discussed as a means of limiting micro-plastics pollution., Mikroplast har varit ett stort föroreningsproblem sedan början av plastens massproduktion på 1950-talet. Mikroplast bildas dels när plastmaterial avsiktligt skapas för att vara del av skönhetsprodukter och liknande och dels oavsiktligt, när plast bryts ner till mindre partiklar på grund av solljus, vind och regn. Detta kallas för primär respektive sekundär mikro-plast. Mikroplast är ett stort problem eftersom de kan bära med sig giftiga ämnen och deponeras i sediment där det är omöjligt att ta bort. Studier från Kina, Europa och Indien visar att mikro-plast ansamlas i ökande koncentrationer i sediment över hela världen, och att det når tidigare helt ostörda platser såsom i den europeiska delen av Arktis och även i naturskyddade områden. Studier från Indien visar att hamnar och turiststränder är särskilt förorenade områden. När mikroplastpartiklar från luften hamnar på land kan de lagras i marken, gå in i den så kallade plastcykeln och omvandlas till kol i sediment. Detta kol kan senare omvandlas till växthusgaser genom biologiska processer, och därmed bidrar nedbrytningen av mikroplast indirekt till växt-huseffekten. Intresset för mikroplast har ökat mellan åren 2011 och 2021, när allt fler internationella vetenskapliga artiklar har publicerats. I detta kandidatarbete har Tiszaflodens innehåll av mikroplast jämförts med andra floder, såsom Themsen och Elbe. Slutsatsen är att nästan överallt i världen ökar mängden mikroplast, särskilt dras den slutsatsen när man undersöker Andong saltkärr i Kina och en stadsnära flod i Storbritannien. Spridning av mikroplast i naturen är ett ökande miljöproblem och i detta arbete betonas vikten av att återvinna och lagstifta för att komma åt föroreningsproblemet.

The aim of this thesis is to simulate quantum spin chains at a finite temperature. This has been achieved by using purification to write the incoherent thermal states of the spin chain as pure states, after which the matrix product state (MPS) formalism to simulate the spin chain. The influence of temperature on the spin chain has been tested by comparing chain magnetization to the strength of the external magnetic field at different temperatures. Real time evolution has also been applied under the assumption that the time evolution is adiabatic. The results have been compared to the analytical solution found by directly calculating the density matrix. The model is very accurate for imaginary time evolution, which is required to evolve the system to the desired temperature. During real time evolution the results oscillate slightly around the analytical solution, which remains constant. This oscillation is a consequence of model truncation and the Suzuki-Trotter approximation. The effect of allocating more numerical resources to limit this phenomenon is explored, and a method to increase reachable timescales by decreasing entanglement growth in the chain over time is tested and verified., Applied Mathematics | Applied Physics

Y haplogroups, defined by Y-SNPs, allow the reconstruction of the human Y chromosome genealogy. Recently, MPS based panels were introduced in the forensic genetics community for Y-SNP typing and identification of a broad range of haplogroups. The panels are based on an amplicon strategy and allow the detection of up to 15,600 Y-SNPs. The panels target up to 210,000 bps, which should be compared to the overall 8.9 Mbps comprising the unique regions of the non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY). We present an alternative approach of sequencing unique regions within the NRY using target enrichment probes and hybridization capture. A total of 359,954 probes were designed using the SureDesign software, representing 7.5 Mbps of the NRY. Library preparation and capture were performed using the Agilent SureSelect XT HS2 Target Enrichment method and sequencing was performed in a NovaSeq 6000 System. Besides individual barcodes, the method also included unique molecular barcodes for additional quality screening. The method was tested on admixed South Americans that carry a Y chromosome of haplogroup Q. We successfully identified novel variation that could potentially help refining haplogroup Q phylogeny.

[ES] La planificación de la producción es el proceso de crear un plan para la producción futura dentro de una planta de fabricación. Esta tesis describe diferentes métodos de gestión existentes y sus aplicaciones más adecuadas y se centra en el estudio del método y algoritmos MPS (Plan Maestro de Produccíon), desarrollando el código utilizando el lenguaje de programación VBA (Visual Basic para Aplicaciones) en MS Excel. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este proyecto es ilustrar cómo las herramientas y técnicas de planificación benefician los procesos de producción., [EN] Production planning is the process of creating a plan for future production within a manufacturing organization. This thesis describes different existing management methods and their most appropriate applications and focuses on the study of the MPS (Master Production Schedule) method and algorithms, developing the code using the VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) programming language in MS Excel. Therefore, the goal of this project is to illustrate how support-planning tools and techniques benefit production processes.

[ES] La planificación de la producción es el proceso de crear un plan para la producción futura dentro de una planta de fabricación. Esta tesis describe diferentes métodos de gestión existentes y sus aplicaciones más adecuadas y se centra en el estudio del método y algoritmos MPS (Plan Maestro de Produccíon), desarrollando el código utilizando el lenguaje de programación VBA (Visual Basic para Aplicaciones) en MS Excel. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este proyecto es ilustrar cómo las herramientas y técnicas de planificación benefician los procesos de producción., [EN] Production planning is the process of creating a plan for future production within a manufacturing organization. This thesis describes different existing management methods and their most appropriate applications and focuses on the study of the MPS (Master Production Schedule) method and algorithms, developing the code using the VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) programming language in MS Excel. Therefore, the goal of this project is to illustrate how support-planning tools and techniques benefit production processes.

[ES] La planificación de la producción es el proceso de crear un plan para la producción futura dentro de una planta de fabricación. Esta tesis describe diferentes métodos de gestión existentes y sus aplicaciones más adecuadas y se centra en el estudio del método y algoritmos MPS (Plan Maestro de Produccíon), desarrollando el código utilizando el lenguaje de programación VBA (Visual Basic para Aplicaciones) en MS Excel. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este proyecto es ilustrar cómo las herramientas y técnicas de planificación benefician los procesos de producción., [EN] Production planning is the process of creating a plan for future production within a manufacturing organization. This thesis describes different existing management methods and their most appropriate applications and focuses on the study of the MPS (Master Production Schedule) method and algorithms, developing the code using the VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) programming language in MS Excel. Therefore, the goal of this project is to illustrate how support-planning tools and techniques benefit production processes.

Este artículo investiga la dimensión territorial del reclutamiento de las élites parlamentarias en el Reino Unido. En concreto, se centra en los diputados nacidos fuera de su distrito -los llamados «cuneros»- durante el período 2001-2019. Pese a la demanda social de candidatos locales, el parachutage está lejos de desaparecer. Esta contradicción estructural de la política británica merece toda nuestra atención. ¿Pero quiénes son estos diputados? Haciendo un análisis descriptivo, se explora la evolución temporal del fenómeno, el origen territorial de los cuneros, sus partidos de referencia, su arraigo, su cercanía al poder ejecutivo, su género y su edad a través de una base de datos propia. Los resultados apuntan hacia un fenómeno estable en el tiempo y concentrado en el centro y el este de Inglaterra. En estos casos, la adscripción partidista y la cercanía al poder ejecutivo son esenciales para estos paracaidistas, mayoritariamente londinenses, escoceses y extranjeros. Estos factores son esenciales para lograr un anclaje territorial que facilite su reelección., Aquest article investiga la dimensió territorial del reclutament de les elits parlamentàries al Regne Unit. En concret, se centra en els diputats nascuts fora del seu districte -els anomenats «diputats imposats»- durant el període 2001-2019. Malgrat la demanda social de candidats locals, el parachutage és lluny de desaparèixer. Aquesta contradicció estructural de la política britànica mereix tota la nostra atenció. Però, qui són aquests diputats? Fent una anàlisi descriptiva, s'explora l'evolució temporal del fenomen, l'origen territorial dels diputats imposats, els seus partits de referència, el seu arrelament, la seva proximitat al poder executiu, el seu gènere i la seva edat, mitjançant una base de dades pròpia. Els resultats apunten cap a un fenomen estable en el temps i concentrat al centre i l'est d'Anglaterra. En aquests casos, l'adscripció partidista i la proximitat al poder executiu són essencials per a aquests paracaigudistes, majoritàriament londinencs, escocesos i estrangers. Aquests factors són essencials per aconseguir un ancoratge territorial que faciliti la seva reelecció., This paper deals with the territorial dimension of elite recruitment in the United Kingdom. Concretely, it focusses on the members of Parliament (MPs) born out of their constituency -the so-called parachute MPs- from 2001 to 2019. Despite social demands for more local candidates, electoral parachutage is far from disappearing. But who are those MPs? As such, this structural phenomenon of British politics must be observed with great attention. To this purpose, this descriptive study analyses British parachute MPs in terms of historical evolution, geographic origins, political parties, territorial anchorage, proximity with the executive, gender, and age through an original dataset. The results point out a stable trend, geographically concentrated in the Midlands and the East of England. Additionally, parachutism seems to be linked to their proximity vis-à-vis the executive power and political parties' leadership. These factors are essential to secure a strong foothold in their constituencies -and, therefore, the possibility of re-election.

Model-Driven Engineering has been developing since the first release of the Unified Modeling Language, passing several milestones and advancing ever since. Model-Driven Engineering is being used in various fields like medical, cyber-physical systems, web applications, etc. It is an engineering paradigm that allows developers to model systems at the level of abstraction of their choice. There are many available tools in the market offering different modelling capabilities to their users. Making use of more than one tool would give the users a wider range of options and higher flexibility in modelling their applications. The current market of open-source modelling tools has two main actors, being JetBrains MPS, mostly focused on textual modelling languages, and Eclipse Modelling Framework, mostly focused on graphical modelling languages. The goal of this thesis is to design and implement a bridge between these two modelling environments. More specifically, we engineer the modelling language Ecore, at the heart of the Eclipse Modeling Framework, in JetBrains MPS in order to enable the exchange of metamodels based on Ecore from MPS to Eclipse Modeling Framework.

Lattice models consisting of high-dimensional local degrees of freedom without global particle-number conservation constitute an important problem class in the field of strongly correlated quantum many body systems. For instance, they are realized in electron-phonon models, cavities, atom-molecule resonance models, or superconductors. In general, these systems elude a complete analytical treatment and need to be studied using numerical methods where matrix-product states (MPSs) provide a flexible and generic ansatz class. Typically, MPS algorithms scale at least quadratic in the dimension of the local Hilbert spaces. Hence, tailored methods, which truncate this dimension, are required to allow for efficient simulations. Here, we describe and compare three state-of-the-art MPS methods each of which exploits a different approach to tackle the computational complexity. We analyze the properties of these methods for the example of the Holstein model, performing high-precision calculations as well as a finite-size scaling analysis of relevant ground-state observables. The calculations are performed at different points in the phase diagram yielding a comprehensive picture of the different approaches.

The Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method is a Lagrangian particle method based on the prediction-correction calculation of the velocity field and the Helmhotz-Hodge decomposition. Initially the predicted velocity is calculated with the viscous and external forces terms and then corrected by the gradient of the pressure which is obtained by the solution of the Poisson Pressure's equation. The MPS was developed for non-compressible bodies and it is adequate for free surface problems. However, when used to simulate fluid structure interaction problems, like ship resistance, the original formulation of the method can not accurately compute the pressure distribution over the bodies. This paper proposes a modified MPS method for modelling immerse bodies in an free surface flow. It was found that small variations in the source term of the Poisson Pressure's equation can destabilise simulations. Therefore, a reformulation of the Poisson pressure equation was developed. The results show that the proposed variation produced numerical stabilisation. The free surface particles behave in a good agreement with experimental observations. Also, although pressure fluctuations were still present, satisfactory results were obtained when comparing the drag coefficient with those reported values in the literature.

The Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method is a Lagrangian particle method based on the prediction-correction calculation of the velocity field and the Helmhotz-Hodge decomposition. Initially the predicted velocity is calculated with the viscous and external forces terms and then corrected by the gradient of the pressure which is obtained by the solution of the Poisson Pressure's equation. The MPS was developed for non-compressible bodies and it is adequate for free surface problems. However, when used to simulate fluid structure interaction problems, like ship resistance, the original formulation of the method can not accurately compute the pressure distribution over the bodies. This paper proposes a modified MPS method for modelling immerse bodies in an free surface flow. It was found that small variations in the source term of the Poisson Pressure's equation can destabilise simulations. Therefore, a reformulation of the Poisson pressure equation was developed. The results show that the proposed variation produced numerical stabilisation. The free surface particles behave in a good agreement with experimental observations. Also, although pressure fluctuations were still present, satisfactory results were obtained when comparing the drag coefficient with those reported values in the literature.

The Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method is a Lagrangian particle method based on the prediction-correction calculation of the velocity field and the Helmhotz-Hodge decomposition. Initially the predicted velocity is calculated with the viscous and external forces terms and then corrected by the gradient of the pressure which is obtained by the solution of the Poisson Pressure's equation. The MPS was developed for non-compressible bodies and it is adequate for free surface problems. However, when used to simulate fluid structure interaction problems, like ship resistance, the original formulation of the method can not accurately compute the pressure distribution over the bodies. This paper proposes a modified MPS method for modelling immerse bodies in an free surface flow. It was found that small variations in the source term of the Poisson Pressure's equation can destabilise simulations. Therefore, a reformulation of the Poisson pressure equation was developed. The results show that the proposed variation produced numerical stabilisation. The free surface particles behave in a good agreement with experimental observations. Also, although pressure fluctuations were still present, satisfactory results were obtained when comparing the drag coefficient with those reported values in the literature.

Gamification refers to approaches that apply gaming elements and mechanics into contexts where gaming is not the main business purpose. Gamification principles have proven to be very effective in motivating target users in keeping their engagement within everyday challenges, including dedication to education, use of public transportation, adoption of healthy habits, and so forth. The spread of gameful applications and the consequent growth of the user base are making their design and development complexity to increase, e.g., due to the need of more and more customized solutions. In this respect, current state-of-the-art development approaches are either too close to programming or completely prepackaged. In the former case, domain and gamification experts are confronted with the abstraction gap between the concepts they would like to use and the corresponding implementation through coding. In the latter situation, customization opportunities are remarkably limited or require again hand-tuning through coding. In both scenarios, programmer tasks are tedious and error-prone, given the intrinsic characteristics of gamified applications, which are sets of rules to be triggered as a consequence of specific events. This chapter illustrates the language engineering endeavor devoted to the creation of the Gamification Design Framework (GDF) through MPS. GDF is conceived by pursuing two main principles: correctness-by-construction and automation. The former aims at providing a language infrastructure conveying consistency between the different aspects of a gameful application in an intrinsic way. The latter aspires to maximize generative features in order to reduce coding needs. As a result, GDF is implemented by means of MPS as a set of three-layered domain-specific languages, where a lower-level language instantiates and extends the concepts defined from the language(s) above. Moreover, GDF is equipped with generators to automatically create gameful application structural c

Model-Driven Engineering has been developing since the first release of the Unified Modeling Language, passing several milestones and advancing ever since. Model-Driven Engineering is being used in various fields like medical, cyber-physical systems, web applications, etc. It is an engineering paradigm that allows developers to model systems at the level of abstraction of their choice. There are many available tools in the market offering different modelling capabilities to their users. Making use of more than one tool would give the users a wider range of options and higher flexibility in modelling their applications. The current market of open-source modelling tools has two main actors, being JetBrains MPS, mostly focused on textual modelling languages, and Eclipse Modelling Framework, mostly focused on graphical modelling languages. The goal of this thesis is to design and implement a bridge between these two modelling environments. More specifically, we engineer the modelling language Ecore, at the heart of the Eclipse Modeling Framework, in JetBrains MPS in order to enable the exchange of metamodels based on Ecore from MPS to Eclipse Modeling Framework.

MPs face a dilemma when it comes to deliberative mini-publics (DMPs): in a context of distrust, they may see it as an opportunity to re-legitimize themselves and solve complex policy issues. But it could also challenge the quasi-monopoly they used to have on political decisions and undermine the role of the Parliament and the primacy of elections. The article is found on 91 face-to-face interviews with French-speaking Belgian MPs sitting in federal or regional parliaments. First, we describe the profile of supporters of DMPs. We then identify three ideal–typical discourses: the power-sharing discourse, the consultative discourse, and the elitist discourse. The contribution of this article is twofold. First, it analyzes the argumentative frames used by MPs to assess deliberative mini-publics using a large number of interviews. Second, it demonstrates that their discourses depend on their evaluation of ordinary citizens’ competence to participate and on their resulting vision of representation. Political actors mainly perceive DMPs as power-sharing instruments that would alter their elected position and the legitimacy of the election., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a tragic and traumatic event. SCD is often associated with hereditary genetic disease and in such cases, sequencing of stored formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue is often crucial in trying to find a causal genetic variant. This study was designed to compare two massive parallel sequencing assays for differences in sensitivity and precision regarding variants related to SCD in FFPE material. From eight cases of SCD where DNA from blood had been sequenced using HaloPlex, corresponding FFPE samples were collected six years later. DNA from FFPE samples were amplified using HaloPlex HS, sequenced on MiSeq, representing the first method, as well as amplified using modified Twist and sequenced on NextSeq, representing the second method. Molecular barcodes were included to distinguish artefacts from true variants. In both approaches, read coverage, uniformity and variant detection were compared using genomic DNA isolated from blood and corresponding FFPE tissue, respectively. In terms of coverage uniformity, Twist performed better than HaloPlex HS for FFPE samples. Despite higher overall coverage, amplicon-based HaloPlex technologies, both for blood and FFPE tissue, suffered from design and/or performance issues resulting in genes lacking complete coverage. Although Twist had considerably lower overall mean coverage, high uniformity resulted in equal or higher fraction of genes covered at ≥ 20X. By comparing variants found in the matched samples in a pre-defined cardiodiagnostic gene panel, HaloPlex HS for FFPE material resulted in high sensitivity, 98.0% (range 96.6-100%), and high precision, 99.9% (range 99.5-100%) for moderately fragmented samples, but suffered from reduced sensitivity (range 74.2-91.1%) in more severely fragmented samples due to lack of coverage. Twist had high sensitivity, 97.8% (range 96.8-98.7%) and high precision, 99.9% (range 99.3-100%) in all analyzed samples, including the severely fragmented samples., Funding Agencies:ALF funding Region Örebro County Örebro County Council Research committee

The All Party Parliamentary Group on Refugees occupies a position outside the official legislative system of the United Kingdom, but inside a lobbying network. This gives it a unique place in terms of communicating on behalf of refugees and refugee causes. The Group’s Twitter feed shows that its language is different to that of campaigning organisations outside Parliament and is constrained by procedure, parliamentary practice and the political reality of a party-based environment. Aimed at Parliamentarians, the feed is used to support and promote causes and specific policy proposals. It plays a role in reporting what is going on in Parliament and supports and builds alliances with other organisations inside and outside the system. The feed’s content follows the primary information-providing objective. It could however make that information of more use to recipients, by changing the way in which some of that information is presented.

Understanding fractures and fracture networks is essential for the investigation and use of subsurface reservoirs. The aim is to predict the fractures and the fracture network when there is no direct access to subsurface images available. This article presents a universal workflow to numerically compute a discrete fracture network by combining the 1D scanline survey method, processed with the newly written SkaPy script, together with the multiple point statistic method (MPS). This workflow is applied to a potential geothermal site in Mexico called Acoculco. We use Las Minas outcrops and quarries as surface analogues for the Acoculco reservoir, as Las Minas and Acoculco are both formed by the influence of a plutonic intrusion into the Jurassic-Cretaceous carbonate sequence of the Sierra Madre Oriental in the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (TMVB). The intrusion is associated with contact metamorphism and metasomatic phenomena, providing the basis for the mining activities at Las Minas. The results obtained using this workflow demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, which presents a solution combining the efficiency of data processing and an interpretation-driven approach to build realistic discrete fracture networks. This workflow can be used in the process of estimating the permeability of a fracture controlled reservoir, with using only scanline surveys data as input. This is essential in the process of evaluating the feasibility to develop an enhanced geothermal system., Petroleum Engineering, Applied Geology

Coverage analysis is essential when analysing massive parallel sequencing (MPS) data. The analysis indicates existence of false negatives or positives in a region of interest or poorly covered genomic regions. There are several tools that have excellent performance when doing coverage analysis on a few samples with predefined regions. However, there is no current tool for collecting samples over a longer period of time for aggregated coverage analysis of multiple samples or sequencing methods. Furthermore, current coverage analysis tools do not generate customized coverage reports or enable exploratory coverage analysis without extensive bioinformatic skill and access to the original alignment files. We present Chanjo, a user friendly coverage analysis tool for persistent storage of coverage data, that, accompanied with Chanjo Report, produces coverage reports that summarize coverage data for predefined regions in an elegant manner. Chanjo Report can produce both structured coverage reports and dynamic reports tailored to a subset of genomic regions, coverage cut-offs or samples. Chanjo stores data in an SQL database where thousands of samples can be added over time, which allows for aggregate queries to discover problematic regions. Chanjo is well tested, supports whole exome and genome sequencing, and follows common UNIX standards, allowing for easy integration into existing pipelines. Chanjo is easy to install and operate, and provides a solution for persistent coverage analysis and clinical-grade reporting. It makes it easy to set up a local database and automate the addition of multiple samples and report generation. To our knowledge there is no other tool with matching capabilities. Chanjo handles the common file formats in genetics, such as BED and BAM, and makes it easy to produce PDF coverage reports that are highly valuable for individuals with limited bioinformatic expertise. We believe Chanjo to be a vital tool for clinicians and researchers performing M, QC 20230718

Over the last years, several papers have been published that presented likelihood ratio distributions in kinship cases. These data are useful to assess the power of the discussed technology for certain types of kinship investigation, since they tell us what range of likelihood ratios we can expect given the ground truth of the relationship between the investigated individuals. However, in some publications the fraction of (in)correctly classified pairs (when based on a likelihood ratio threshold), are presented as accuracy or error rate, with the interpretational pitfall looming that these can be seen as probabilities that are generally applicable to the investigated type of kinship, on the investigated loci and with the obtained allele frequencies. In this publication we warn against such interpretations. We point out that from the likelihood ratio, probabilistic statements about the ground truth cannot be made, and that therefore this will also not be possible from a weaker statement such as the LR exceeding some threshold value. The statement that the LR exceeds a threshold in itself does has evidential value, and we will explain how to estimate that value from the obtained empirical distributions. We also explain that the concept of error does not apply to the likelihood ratio, but only to decisions. If one takes decisions based on a LR threshold, then it is possible to define error rates, but these are predictive and conditional. They tell us how often we will make wrong classifications in each group (the related pairs and the unrelated pairs) if we apply a LR threshold. They do not tell us how likely it is, once we have made a decision, that this decision is the one that we wanted to make had we known the true relationship. In order to make such a statement we need to have more information. We illustrate the points we address with examples that we have taken from the literature.

A large number of new microhaplotype loci were identified in the human genome by applying a directed search with selection criteria emphasizing short haplotype length (<120 nucleotides) and maximum levels of polymorphism in the composite SNPs. From these searches, 107 autosomal microhaplotypes and 11 X chromosome microhaplotypes were selected, with well-spaced autosomal positions to ensure their independence in relationship tests. The 118 microhaplotypes were assembled into a single multiplex assay for the analysis of forensic DNA with massively parallel sequencing (MPS). A single AmpliSeq-adapted primer set was made for Illumina MiSeq and Thermo Fisher Ion S5 MPS platforms and the performance of the assay was comprehensively evaluated in both systems. Five microhaplotypes showed critical sequencing failures in both MPS platforms and were removed, while a further 13 required manual checks and the application of sequence quality thresholds in one or both systems to ensure the successful analysis of low-level DNA in these loci. The targeting of short microhaplotype spans during marker selection, with an average length of 51 nucleotides in the 118 loci, led to a high level of sensitivity for the panel when sequencing the very degraded DNA typically encountered in forensic casework and the identification of missing persons

Trust plays a vital role in the adoption of a new payment system in so far as people need to trust that the prevailing currency, or in other words, money, is recognised by all stakeholders. With the evolution of the payment methods, shifting from paper-based to electronic-based, building consumer trust has become a vital element for the success of businesses involved in the mobile payment systems sector. In this context, the aim of this study was to delve deeper into the factors that have impact on consumers trust in mobile payment systems (MPS) in Australia. A quantitative approach through a questionnaire survey was conducted to measure the data collected. The data of 200 participants were gathered using SurveyMonkey and the Excel spreadsheets was imported into SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) system, where the data were organised. Besides, this study adopted the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), where the data analysis took place. The findings of PLS- SEM analysis pointed out that behavioural factors and organisational factors have significant impact on consumers’ trust, and this, as a consequence, have influence on MPS adoption. On the other hand, this research found that the technological factors, governmental factors and personal factors have no significant impact on Australian consumers’ trust and this, as a result, has no influence on MPS adoption.

Understanding fractures and fracture networks is essential for the investigation and use of subsurface reservoirs. The aim is to predict the fractures and the fracture network when there is no direct access to subsurface images available. This article presents a universal workflow to numerically compute a discrete fracture network by combining the 1D scanline survey method, processed with the newly written SkaPy script, together with the multiple point statistic method (MPS). This workflow is applied to a potential geothermal site in Mexico called Acoculco. We use Las Minas outcrops and quarries as surface analogues for the Acoculco reservoir, as Las Minas and Acoculco are both formed by the influence of a plutonic intrusion into the Jurassic-Cretaceous carbonate sequence of the Sierra Madre Oriental in the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (TMVB). The intrusion is associated with contact metamorphism and metasomatic phenomena, providing the basis for the mining activities at Las Minas. The results obtained using this workflow demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, which presents a solution combining the efficiency of data processing and an interpretation-driven approach to build realistic discrete fracture networks. This workflow can be used in the process of estimating the permeability of a fracture controlled reservoir, with using only scanline surveys data as input. This is essential in the process of evaluating the feasibility to develop an enhanced geothermal system., Reservoir Engineering, Applied Geology

The All Party Parliamentary Group on Refugees occupies a position outside the official legislative system of the United Kingdom, but inside a lobbying network. This gives it a unique place in terms of communicating on behalf of refugees and refugee causes. The Group’s Twitter feed shows that its language is different to that of campaigning organisations outside Parliament and is constrained by procedure, parliamentary practice and the political reality of a party-based environment. Aimed at Parliamentarians, the feed is used to support and promote causes and specific policy proposals. It plays a role in reporting what is going on in Parliament and supports and builds alliances with other organisations inside and outside the system. The feed’s content follows the primary information-providing objective. It could however make that information of more use to recipients, by changing the way in which some of that information is presented.

Scholars have been conflicted whether descriptive representation of women leads to substantive representation. A new way of measuring this relationship is through the relationship between women movements and female parliamentarians. Thus, this paper develops from the rethinking of the critical mass theory and uses the feminist demands stated by women organisations in Uganda. This in order to establish whether or not there exists an alliance between inside and outside actors as a measure of substantive representation of women. By applying this approach to transcripts from plenary debates in the Ugandan parliament, the study finds that several gender-related issues are addressed by female MPs. Using a frame analysis comparing the framing of problems between the women organisations and the female MPs, the paper discovers that the majority of issues addressed in the parliament is framed less radically by the female MPs. While the organisations frame the problems as being gender-related, mainly affecting rural women and girls, the MPs frame them more of concern for the whole population and as problems with economic implications for the country.

Multiple Point statistics typically provides a known distribution of the random field by means of the training image. Classical Geostatistics estimates the variogram, which is only an aspect of the distribution of the field. Both thus might use an inappropriate description of the distribution of the random field. The only exception are the high order cummulants methods and spline methods using a completly nonparametric approach. This contribution addresses the possibility to estimate the distributions for Nongaussian Random fields at the example of categorical random fields in a multiple point statistics setting. The core idea is to discribe possible characteristics of fields by using small training patches, which can be combinded to span a space of possible random field distribution models. The specific combination is selected by a distribution valued parameter, which can be estimated from an a sampled random fields using an estimation procedure based on observation likelihoods. Similarly to the difficulty in estimating the shape parameter of the Matern variogram there is little power in this procedure to estimate the roughness of boundaries. We will thus introduce a prior preweighting of the patches according to our physical assumptions about the boundaries. The same procedure allows to measure, how good the high order statistics of final simulation fit to the orignal observations. We will use this to check the conditional simulations for distributional consistency with the conditioning set.