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The aim of this study was to analyse the performance of technical–tactical actions in two different types of tournaments and the influence of biological age on the performance of young basketball players. Thirty-seven under-13 male basketball players (age = 12.91 ± 0.57 years) were selected from four southeast Spanish teams to participate in two different tournaments on two consecutive days. The following technical–tactical variables were analysed: (a) Ball Obtained; (b) Ball Handler Player Actions; (c) Ball Handler Player Finished Actions; and (d) Ball Handler Shooting Performance. The results showed that reduced basket height and a closer three-point line promoted a higher number of balls obtained, 1 vs. 1 situations, finished ball player actions, shots, and the efficacy of offence phases. There was a significant increase in the number of balls obtained, 1 vs. 1 situations played, the number of plays finished with a lay-up or shot, number of received personal fouls, number of plays finished in 1 vs. 2, and those finished in equality and inferiority with a high defence opposition. The modified version presented a higher number of technical–tactical actions in Late Maturity players. The authors of this study believe that it is necessary to conduct more experimental studies and use bio-banding strategies in young basketball competitions.

The relative growth on spiny lobster Panulirus graciliswas analyzed a multimodelselection approach and Akaike information theory. In the carried out samples at the landing commercial of spiny lobster, at the south of Sinaloa, Mexico during season 2014 and 2015, and 2017 and 2018. In 298 female P. gracilisindividuals were measures caparace length (CL) mm, total weight (W) g, and gonad maturity stages. The structure sizes between 54.6 to 103.1 mm CL. The organism minor size mature was 57.5 mm CL but maturity percent stages rise on larger sizes. The best model was broken stick (Wi = 65.09%) but also two segments has statistic support (Wi=34.87%). A differential relative growth in both models, coincident with a rise in the percent gonad maturity toward big sizes in P. gracilis., Se analizó el crecimiento relativo de langosta espinosa Panulirus gracilis, con un enfoque de selección multimodelo y la teoría de la información de Akaike. Se realizaron muestreos en capturas comerciales de langosta espinosa del sur de Sinaloa, México entre las temporadas de pesca de 2014 y 2015 y, 2017 y 2018. En 298 hembras de P. gracilis se registró la longitud cefalotórax (LC) mm, peso total (PT) g y fase de madurez gonádica. La estructura de tallas varió de 54.6 a 103.1 mm de LC. Se observaron hembras maduras a partir de 57.5 mm de LC, con un incremento de proporción de madurez en tallas mayores. El mejor modelo fue Línea Rota (Wi=65.09%) y Dos Segmentos (Wi%=34.87). El cambio en el crecimiento relativo a la talla en ambos modelos, coincidió con un incremento en la proporción de madurez en tallas mayores a 60 mm de LC en P. gracilis.

To clarify the evolution of thermal maturity and pore structure in continental organic-rich shales, calcareous shales of the Liaohe Basin (China) were pyrolyzed, and examined using Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen sorption isotherms, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The increase in Raman G‒D band separation and decrease in Raman ID/IG ratio with increasing thermal maturity indicate that these parameters provide superior thermal maturity indicators. This is also confirmed by the good linear correlation of G‒D band shifts and ID/IG with vitrinite reflectance (VR) and maximum temperature (Tmax), respectively. The relative detection accuracy (DA), sampling requirements (SR), sample preparation (SP), detection time (DT), and equipment requirement (ER) of VR, G‒D band shifts, ID/IG, Tmax, FTIR, and XPS indicate that Raman analysis is a simple, quick, and robust method to evaluate thermal maturity. The moderate SR, complex SP, and long DT suggest that VR and Tmax are less widely applicable for characterizing thermal maturity. The FTIR and XPS techniques provide semi-quantitative maturity indicators with poor DA and high ER. Pores observed within organic matter and minerals under SEM indicate that an increase in thermal maturity not only affects the development of organic pores but is also beneficial for the formation of mineral dissolution pores, such as those formed during the transformation of Na0.95Ca0.16Al1.16Si2.84O8 to Na0.84Ca0.02Al1.02Si2.98O8, a process confirmed by XRD. The BET and NMR data also indicate that the development of pore structure is closely related to the evolution of thermal maturity in calcareous shale. During the initial stage, primary pores are filled by bitumen generated from kerogen; this leads to a decrease in transition pores, mesopores, and shale porosity, and reduced pore connecti

For over 15 years, the concept of Industry 4.0, now transitioning into Industry 5.0, has been a focal point for the manufacturing sector. Yet, the success of companies in embracing digital transformation varies. There are numerous models and assessment tools for assessing digital readiness and maturity. Several models have been developed over the years, but firms also realize no "one-size-fits-all" exists when testing them. Previous studies show that firms must take charge of their own digital transformation (DT) journey to find a path that suits their specific needs.This qualitative paper is driven by a case study supported by a within-case analysis conducted with a heavy-machine industry with fourteen production plants worldwide – data collected from 2020 to 2023. Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE), created Factory 4 Tomorrow (F4T) to address Industry 4.0. The central challenge for the F4T initiative was how to facilitate an inside-outside approach to identify an inclusive maturity model that emphasizes learning and collaboration. A diagnostic of opportunities model was created to aid the organisation’s transformation journey. It aimed to support all plants by evaluating their maturity in digital transformation, identifying gaps, and support in prioritising. Unlike traditional models that assess and compare plant levels, this model aimed to foster awareness and alignment, establishing a shared language. Thus, a unique model was explicitly crafted for the firm. The process of developing the model itself enhanced awareness and alignment. Therefore, this paper explores the development process - failures and successes - to compile a digital transformation maturity model tailor-made to a firm’s needs and goals. The objective is to offer comprehensive advice for firms to implement DT initiatives effectively in a way that suits them.

This thesis investigates how mature the information security and cybersecurity of selected organizations in Sweden is today. The multiple cyberattacks on Sweden in recent time and Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine have put a new focus on this question. There is also new legislation both nationally and from the European union which adds pressure to work in solidarity with other member states. Based on a maturity-based document study, it was found that the selected sectors are not mature enough, as supported by prior research. No organization in public administration reaches the required level set by The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency. Prior inquiries in the area show that the same issues have been prevalent in the last ten years. The analysis showed that a lack of engagement from management and a need for more support and guidance were the two of the biggest reasons for the low level of maturity. The data further showed inefficiency at the government level in working with these questions and that the delegation of tasks seldom came with a mandate to act. There is a lack of competencies at every level, which further cements the low level of maturity found in public administrations offices, the health care sector, front-based IT systems in the defense sector, institutions of higher education and to a small part, private businesses, the finance sector and water plants.

The concept of industry 4.0 has long been a topic of discussion, research, and cultural impact, it has also rapidly increased effectiveness, profitability, and growth for the involved parties. At the pinnacle of industry 4.0 smart factories have emerged as a concept, describing the factories of competitive manufacturing leaders who best utilize the advanced tools of the era. The journey toward progressing conventional factories, making them smart, requires collaboration with suppliers who are well-equipped to support this transition. Therefore, this thesis aims to take on a supplier perspective through the lens of strategy to gain a deeper understanding of how suppliers should act towards original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in the smart factory era. Specifically, investigating how suppliers can seize business opportunities in the smart factory maturity (SFM) journey of OEMs. The study was conducted through a qualitative single case study performed with an industrial supplier towards OEMs in the motor vehicle industry (MVI). Data collection included performing semi-structured interviews with employees at the case company as well as observations such as break room discussions and visits at OEMs. Moreover, thematic analysis was carried out which resulted in three themes which deepens the understanding of the supplier’s role in the context. The discussion of the themes concludes that suppliers should: 1. Understand the state of the OEMs' smart factory journey, by identifying the OEMs SFM and what drives them forward. 2. Use the found enablers in their strategy to assist the journey, i.e. by developing strategic partnerships, expanding the software offering, establishing a smart factory vision, and changing the mindset towards solution selling. 3. Prepare for and manage the identified challenges of the smart factory era, which are factory legacy, new competency needs, cyber security, silo mindset, and change management. The research contributes to industry 4.0 matur

As the world faces unprecedented environmental challenges, there is an urgent need for largescale investments in green infrastructure and technologies. If we are going to achieve carbon neutrality, significant investments are necessary, and therefore must the entire financial system unite and endorse sustainable investment activities in a market-oriented manner. A green bond is a relatively new type of bond. It was first introduced in 2007 by the European Investment Bank (EIB). This was followed up by a collaboration between Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken (SEB) and the World Bank, a group of Swedish investors, pension funds, and SRI-focused investors. They issued their first green bond in 2008 intending to attract more investors. However, this attempt to increase the interest did not work, green bonds were almost nonexistent until 2013. One explanation for the slow development of the green bond market was the financial crisis in 2008. Further, the reason for the low interest in green bonds during this period was that traditional investors deemed these risky and non-profitable. Using a deductive approach, this thesis investigates how green bonds perform compared to conventional bonds and stocks from the issuing company. The authors sampled green and conventional bonds from 33 companies that matured from 2018 to 2023. The sample data set contains bonds from Asia, Europe, South America, North America, and Australia. The data was tested using multiple hypotheses. This thesis sets out to answer the research question: How do green bonds perform compared to conventional bonds and stocks? The results indicated there is a significant difference between the three asset types. First, the stocks yield higher returns and higher standard deviations than green and conventional bonds. Second, the authors found no evidence for a difference in return thus a significant difference in standard deviation. The results also suggest there is a difference in modified duration, convexit

For over 15 years, the concept of Industry 4.0, now transitioning into Industry 5.0, has been a focal point for the manufacturing sector. Yet, the success of companies in embracing digital transformation varies. There are numerous models and assessment tools for assessing digital readiness and maturity. Several models have been developed over the years, but firms also realize no "one-size-fits-all" exists when testing them. Previous studies show that firms must take charge of their own digital transformation (DT) journey to find a path that suits their specific needs.This qualitative paper is driven by a case study supported by a within-case analysis conducted with a heavy-machine industry with fourteen production plants worldwide – data collected from 2020 to 2023. Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE), created Factory 4 Tomorrow (F4T) to address Industry 4.0. The central challenge for the F4T initiative was how to facilitate an inside-outside approach to identify an inclusive maturity model that emphasizes learning and collaboration. A diagnostic of opportunities model was created to aid the organisation’s transformation journey. It aimed to support all plants by evaluating their maturity in digital transformation, identifying gaps, and support in prioritising. Unlike traditional models that assess and compare plant levels, this model aimed to foster awareness and alignment, establishing a shared language. Thus, a unique model was explicitly crafted for the firm. The process of developing the model itself enhanced awareness and alignment. Therefore, this paper explores the development process - failures and successes - to compile a digital transformation maturity model tailor-made to a firm’s needs and goals. The objective is to offer comprehensive advice for firms to implement DT initiatives effectively in a way that suits them.

For over 15 years, the concept of Industry 4.0, now transitioning into Industry 5.0, has been a focal point for the manufacturing sector. Yet, the success of companies in embracing digital transformation varies. There are numerous models and assessment tools for assessing digital readiness and maturity. Several models have been developed over the years, but firms also realize no “one-size-fits-all” exists when testing them. Previous studies show that firms must take charge of their own digital transformation (DT) journey to find a path that suits their specific needs.This qualitative paper is driven by a case study supported by a within-case analysis conducted with a heavy-machine industry with fourteen production plants worldwide – data collected from 2020 to 2023.Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE), created Factory 4 Tomorrow (F4T) to address Industry 4.0. The central challenge for the F4T initiative was how to facilitate an inside-outside approach to identify an inclusive maturity model that emphasizes learning and collaboration. A diagnostic of opportunities model was created to aid the organisation’s transformation journey. It aimed to support all plants by evaluating their maturity in digital transformation, identifying gaps, and support in prioritising. Unlike traditional models that assess and compare plant levels, this model aimed to foster awareness and alignment, establishing a shared language. Thus, a unique model was explicitly crafted for the firm. The process of developing the model itself enhanced awareness and alignment. Therefore, this paper explores the development process - failures and successes - to compile a digital transformation maturity model tailor-made to a firm’s needs and goals. The objective is to offer comprehensive advice for firms to implement DT initiatives effectively in a way that suits them., SMART PM

The concept of industry 4.0 has long been a topic of discussion, research, and cultural impact, it has also rapidly increased effectiveness, profitability, and growth for the involved parties. At the pinnacle of industry 4.0 smart factories have emerged as a concept, describing the factories of competitive manufacturing leaders who best utilize the advanced tools of the era. The journey toward progressing conventional factories, making them smart, requires collaboration with suppliers who are well-equipped to support this transition. Therefore, this thesis aims to take on a supplier perspective through the lens of strategy to gain a deeper understanding of how suppliers should act towards original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in the smart factory era. Specifically, investigating how suppliers can seize business opportunities in the smart factory maturity (SFM) journey of OEMs. The study was conducted through a qualitative single case study performed with an industrial supplier towards OEMs in the motor vehicle industry (MVI). Data collection included performing semi-structured interviews with employees at the case company as well as observations such as break room discussions and visits at OEMs. Moreover, thematic analysis was carried out which resulted in three themes which deepens the understanding of the supplier’s role in the context. The discussion of the themes concludes that suppliers should: 1. Understand the state of the OEMs' smart factory journey, by identifying the OEMs SFM and what drives them forward. 2. Use the found enablers in their strategy to assist the journey, i.e. by developing strategic partnerships, expanding the software offering, establishing a smart factory vision, and changing the mindset towards solution selling. 3. Prepare for and manage the identified challenges of the smart factory era, which are factory legacy, new competency needs, cyber security, silo mindset, and change management. The research contributes to industry 4.0 matur

As the world faces unprecedented environmental challenges, there is an urgent need for largescale investments in green infrastructure and technologies. If we are going to achieve carbon neutrality, significant investments are necessary, and therefore must the entire financial system unite and endorse sustainable investment activities in a market-oriented manner. A green bond is a relatively new type of bond. It was first introduced in 2007 by the European Investment Bank (EIB). This was followed up by a collaboration between Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken (SEB) and the World Bank, a group of Swedish investors, pension funds, and SRI-focused investors. They issued their first green bond in 2008 intending to attract more investors. However, this attempt to increase the interest did not work, green bonds were almost nonexistent until 2013. One explanation for the slow development of the green bond market was the financial crisis in 2008. Further, the reason for the low interest in green bonds during this period was that traditional investors deemed these risky and non-profitable. Using a deductive approach, this thesis investigates how green bonds perform compared to conventional bonds and stocks from the issuing company. The authors sampled green and conventional bonds from 33 companies that matured from 2018 to 2023. The sample data set contains bonds from Asia, Europe, South America, North America, and Australia. The data was tested using multiple hypotheses. This thesis sets out to answer the research question: How do green bonds perform compared to conventional bonds and stocks? The results indicated there is a significant difference between the three asset types. First, the stocks yield higher returns and higher standard deviations than green and conventional bonds. Second, the authors found no evidence for a difference in return thus a significant difference in standard deviation. The results also suggest there is a difference in modified duration, convexit

For over 15 years, the concept of Industry 4.0, now transitioning into Industry 5.0, has been a focal point for the manufacturing sector. Yet, the success of companies in embracing digital transformation varies. There are numerous models and assessment tools for assessing digital readiness and maturity. Several models have been developed over the years, but firms also realize no "one-size-fits-all" exists when testing them. Previous studies show that firms must take charge of their own digital transformation (DT) journey to find a path that suits their specific needs.This qualitative paper is driven by a case study supported by a within-case analysis conducted with a heavy-machine industry with fourteen production plants worldwide – data collected from 2020 to 2023. Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE), created Factory 4 Tomorrow (F4T) to address Industry 4.0. The central challenge for the F4T initiative was how to facilitate an inside-outside approach to identify an inclusive maturity model that emphasizes learning and collaboration. A diagnostic of opportunities model was created to aid the organisation’s transformation journey. It aimed to support all plants by evaluating their maturity in digital transformation, identifying gaps, and support in prioritising. Unlike traditional models that assess and compare plant levels, this model aimed to foster awareness and alignment, establishing a shared language. Thus, a unique model was explicitly crafted for the firm. The process of developing the model itself enhanced awareness and alignment. Therefore, this paper explores the development process - failures and successes - to compile a digital transformation maturity model tailor-made to a firm’s needs and goals. The objective is to offer comprehensive advice for firms to implement DT initiatives effectively in a way that suits them.

For over 15 years, the concept of Industry 4.0, now transitioning into Industry 5.0, has been a focal point for the manufacturing sector. Yet, the success of companies in embracing digital transformation varies. There are numerous models and assessment tools for assessing digital readiness and maturity. Several models have been developed over the years, but firms also realize no "one-size-fits-all" exists when testing them. Previous studies show that firms must take charge of their own digital transformation (DT) journey to find a path that suits their specific needs.This qualitative paper is driven by a case study supported by a within-case analysis conducted with a heavy-machine industry with fourteen production plants worldwide – data collected from 2020 to 2023. Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE), created Factory 4 Tomorrow (F4T) to address Industry 4.0. The central challenge for the F4T initiative was how to facilitate an inside-outside approach to identify an inclusive maturity model that emphasizes learning and collaboration. A diagnostic of opportunities model was created to aid the organisation’s transformation journey. It aimed to support all plants by evaluating their maturity in digital transformation, identifying gaps, and support in prioritising. Unlike traditional models that assess and compare plant levels, this model aimed to foster awareness and alignment, establishing a shared language. Thus, a unique model was explicitly crafted for the firm. The process of developing the model itself enhanced awareness and alignment. Therefore, this paper explores the development process - failures and successes - to compile a digital transformation maturity model tailor-made to a firm’s needs and goals. The objective is to offer comprehensive advice for firms to implement DT initiatives effectively in a way that suits them.

The deep-sea Caribbean lobster (Metanephrops binghami) and the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) are Nephropidae species of high commercial interest. Although the first one still remains unexploited, the second is overexploited in the Mediterranean Sea. For effective fisheries management, size at sexual maturity is an essential indicator to protect immature individuals from exploitation. The estimation of this indicator can, however, be biased due to the difficulty of differentiating juveniles from adults by their size structure due to the natural process of molting. This study aims to estimate the size at sexual maturity of M. binghami and N. norvegicus females by comparing the effectiveness of the morphometric method versus the macroscopic evaluation of gonad maturity. Samples of M. binghami were collected from the Colombian Caribbean Sea in August and December 2009, March and May 2010, and August 2020 to May 2021. Samples of N. norvegicus were collected from the northwestern Mediterranean Sea from 2019 to 2022. Similar sizes at sexual maturity were found for M. binghami between the morphometric approach (ranging from 28.6 to 33.9 mm cephalothorax length, CL) and the gonadal staging approach (31.4 mm CL). Conversely, for N. norvegicus, the morphometric approach yielded higher measurements (between 27.2 and 30.4 mm CL) than the gonadal approach (26.0 mm CL). This discrepancy might stem from the intense fishing overexploitation conditions of N. norvergicus, leading to a physiological adaptation that enables earlier gonadal maturation at faster rates than morphometric adaptation. Further research is required to elucidate these discrepancies and the effect of overexploitation on physiological (i.e., mature gonads) and functional maturity (i.e., capacity to brood eggs at a larger size)

For over 15 years, the concept of Industry 4.0, now transitioning into Industry 5.0, has been a focal point for the manufacturing sector. Yet, the success of companies in embracing digital transformation varies. There are numerous models and assessment tools for assessing digital readiness and maturity. Several models have been developed over the years, but firms also realize no "one-size-fits-all" exists when testing them. Previous studies show that firms must take charge of their own digital transformation (DT) journey to find a path that suits their specific needs.This qualitative paper is driven by a case study supported by a within-case analysis conducted with a heavy-machine industry with fourteen production plants worldwide – data collected from 2020 to 2023. Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE), created Factory 4 Tomorrow (F4T) to address Industry 4.0. The central challenge for the F4T initiative was how to facilitate an inside-outside approach to identify an inclusive maturity model that emphasizes learning and collaboration. A diagnostic of opportunities model was created to aid the organisation’s transformation journey. It aimed to support all plants by evaluating their maturity in digital transformation, identifying gaps, and support in prioritising. Unlike traditional models that assess and compare plant levels, this model aimed to foster awareness and alignment, establishing a shared language. Thus, a unique model was explicitly crafted for the firm. The process of developing the model itself enhanced awareness and alignment. Therefore, this paper explores the development process - failures and successes - to compile a digital transformation maturity model tailor-made to a firm's needs and goals. The objective is to offer comprehensive advice for firms to implement DT initiatives effectively in a way that suits them.

For over 15 years, the concept of Industry 4.0, now transitioning into Industry 5.0, has been a focal point for the manufacturing sector. Yet, the success of companies in embracing digital transformation varies. There are numerous models and assessment tools for assessing digital readiness and maturity. Several models have been developed over the years, but firms also realize no "one-size-fits-all" exists when testing them. Previous studies show that firms must take charge of their own digital transformation (DT) journey to find a path that suits their specific needs.This qualitative paper is driven by a case study supported by a within-case analysis conducted with a heavy-machine industry with fourteen production plants worldwide – data collected from 2020 to 2023. Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE), created Factory 4 Tomorrow (F4T) to address Industry 4.0. The central challenge for the F4T initiative was how to facilitate an inside-outside approach to identify an inclusive maturity model that emphasizes learning and collaboration. A diagnostic of opportunities model was created to aid the organisation’s transformation journey. It aimed to support all plants by evaluating their maturity in digital transformation, identifying gaps, and support in prioritising. Unlike traditional models that assess and compare plant levels, this model aimed to foster awareness and alignment, establishing a shared language. Thus, a unique model was explicitly crafted for the firm. The process of developing the model itself enhanced awareness and alignment. Therefore, this paper explores the development process - failures and successes - to compile a digital transformation maturity model tailor-made to a firm’s needs and goals. The objective is to offer comprehensive advice for firms to implement DT initiatives effectively in a way that suits them.

El objetivo de esta investigación es medir el nivel de madurez en la gestión de proyectos de I+D+i en la empresa Cotecmar. Debido a que no se encontró una metodología estandarizada, para esta medición fue necesario elaborar un instrumento basado en prácticas extraídas de la Guía PMBOK versión 7, del PMI, hacer una revisión de literatura de proyectos de I+D+i (rastreo bibliográfico por medio del uso de operadores booleanos) y consolidar las opiniones de 17 expertos pertenecientes a Cotecmar. Posterior a la elaboración del instrumento se llevó a cabo una validación de unidimensionalidad y confiabilidad. Esta validación arrojó como resultado parámetros aceptables. Para el diseño del instrumento se utilizó una escala de Likert, que permitió hacerles una valoración cuantitativa a los criterios de medición que componen el instrumento. Como resultado de la aplicación del instrumento se logró diagnosticar el nivel de madurez de la gestión de proyecto de I+D+i de Cotecmar, que arrojó como nivel general de madurez 1, que significa una inmadurez común, lo que quiere decir que las prácticas evaluadas al interior de la Corporación se encuentran implementadas formalmente, pero que estas no se controlan, no se miden, ni se les hace mejora continua. Una de las principales recomendaciones de esta investigación hace referencia a actualizar el Manual de gestión de proyectos de I+D+i de Cotecmar, con el fin mejorar su nivel de madurez partiendo desde el nivel actual. Dos de las limitaciones encontradas corresponden a la imposibilidad de encontrar un instrumento adecuado para medir la madurez de la gestión de proyectos de I+D+i y al bajo número de expertos consultados durante la aplicación del instrumento diseñado, 17 en total, y a la doble participación de cinco expertos en los ejercicios de priorización y evaluación de congruencia y relevancia. Finalmente, se espera que este proceso investigativo no solo le sirva como instrumento de consulta a Cotecmar, sino que sea un aporte específi, The objective of this research is to measure the level of maturity in the management of R+D+i projects in the company Cotecmar. Given that no standardized methodology was found, for this measurement it was necessary to develop an instrument based on practices extracted from the PMI’s PMBOK Guide, version 7, to make a literature review of R+D+i projects (bibliographic search through the use of Boolean operators) and to consolidate the opinions of 17 experts in Cotecmar. After the elaboration of the instrument, a confirmation of one-dimensionality and reliability was carried out. This validation yielded acceptable parameters as a result. For the design of the instrument, a Likert scale that allows a quantitative assessment of the measurement criteria that make up the instrument was used. As a result of the application of the instrument, it was possible to diagnose the level of maturity of the R&D+i project management in Cotecmar, which yielded a general maturity level of 1, which means a common immaturity, which means that the practices evaluated within the Corporation are formally implemented, but these are not controlled, measured, or continuously improved. One of the main recommendation of this research suggests to updating Cotecmar's R&D+I Project Management Manual, in order to improve its level of maturity starting from the current level. Two of the limitations found correspond to the impossibility of finding an adequate instrument to measure the maturity of R&D&i project management and to the low number of experts consulted during the application of the designed instrument, 17 in total, and to the double participation of 5 experts in the exercises of prioritization and evaluation of congruence and relevance. Finally, this investigative process is expected not only to serve as a consultation tool for Cotecmar, but also as a refence for assessing management of R+D+i projects, by designing and implementing a tool that is capable of measuring maturity in this area o

The constant rise of stronger technical standards along with expectations for openness from stakeholders have left businesses in a vulnerable position that threatens their reputation and viability. There is a need for management standards in order for companies to have guidelines to follow and know how to work correctly.. Today, companies face challenges in knowing their maturity and need to become more proactive. For that reason, AFRY have created a Management Maturity Model M3.Th e model as originally developed to assess organization's ability to deal with issues within compliance and quality management, but has now developed into a model that can assess companies maturity level within various management standards and areas. The Management Maturity Model M3" has today no standardized work process, making it up to each consultant to decide what program they want to use. This project has aimed to digitalize, standardize and create a generic digital model for AFRY. To achieve the thesis goals the methodology started with data gathering through interviews, readings, a competitor analysis, and a program/tool testing. When the data had been gathered, the analytical method was decided on, so that the result could be measured and followed along with the work. The analytical method was decided to be using KPIs that could be compared and evaluated from the perspective of the current model and the newly created digitalized model. When the KPIs had been decided, the development of tools in the chosen program was done. Further, with the finished digitalized model in hand, a case study was performed at a company where the digitalized model was implemented. Lastly, the current model and the new digitalized model were evaluated and compared by experts who scored the KPIs for each of them. The main results showed that the performance had been positively affected by the digitalization. The case study demonstrated that the digitalized model was applicable on c, Den ständiga ökningen av starkare tekniska standarder, och förväntningarna på transparens från leverantörer, konsumenter och myndigheter, har lämnat företag i en sårbar position som hotar deras rykte och trovärdighet. Mognadsmodellen M3 togs fram för att hjälpa företag att bedöma deras mognadsnivå och förmåga att hantera frågor inom compliance och kvalitetsledning, men har nu utvecklats till en modell som kan bedöma ett företags mognadsnivå inom vilken ledningsstandard eller vilket område som helst. Modellen har idag ingen standardiserad arbetsmetod och det är upp till konsulterna som utför modellen att bestämma vilket program de vill använda för vardera del. Detta projekt syftar till att digitalisera modellen och därigenom skapa en generisk digital modell för att minska tiden det tar att slutföra ett projekt och för att göra den enklare att använda. Metoderna som användes för att nå målen var i första hand datainsamling som gjordes genom intervjuer, läsningar, en konkurrentanalys samt program- och verktygstestning. När datan hade samlats in beslutades den analysmetod som skulle användas för att mäta resultaten under arbetets gång. Analysmetoden bestämdes vara att använda KPIer som kunde jämföras och utvärderas utifrån den nuvarande modellen och den nyskapade digitaliserade modellen. När KPIerna hade beslutats genomfördes utvecklingen av verktyget i det program som hade valts. Med den färdiga digitaliserade modellen utfördes sedan en fallstudie på ett företag där modellen testades. Den nya digitaliserade modellen utvärderades därefter och jämfördes med den tidigare icke-digitaliserade versionen, detta gjordes av tre experter som poängsatte KPIerna för den nuvarande respektive den digitaliserade modellen. Resultaten visade att digitaliseringen hade haft en positiv påverkan på modellen. Fallstudien visade att den digitaliserade modellen var lämplig på företag och experternas utvärdering visade att alla KPIer hade ökat. Å andra

The constant rise of stronger technical standards along with expectations for openness from stakeholders have left businesses in a vulnerable position that threatens their reputation and viability. There is a need for management standards in order for companies to have guidelines to follow and know how to work correctly.. Today, companies face challenges in knowing their maturity and need to become more proactive. For that reason, AFRY have created a Management Maturity Model M3.Th e model as originally developed to assess organization's ability to deal with issues within compliance and quality management, but has now developed into a model that can assess companies maturity level within various management standards and areas. The Management Maturity Model M3" has today no standardized work process, making it up to each consultant to decide what program they want to use. This project has aimed to digitalize, standardize and create a generic digital model for AFRY. To achieve the thesis goals the methodology started with data gathering through interviews, readings, a competitor analysis, and a program/tool testing. When the data had been gathered, the analytical method was decided on, so that the result could be measured and followed along with the work. The analytical method was decided to be using KPIs that could be compared and evaluated from the perspective of the current model and the newly created digitalized model. When the KPIs had been decided, the development of tools in the chosen program was done. Further, with the finished digitalized model in hand, a case study was performed at a company where the digitalized model was implemented. Lastly, the current model and the new digitalized model were evaluated and compared by experts who scored the KPIs for each of them. The main results showed that the performance had been positively affected by the digitalization. The case study demonstrated that the digitalized model was applicable on c, Den ständiga ökningen av starkare tekniska standarder, och förväntningarna på transparens från leverantörer, konsumenter och myndigheter, har lämnat företag i en sårbar position som hotar deras rykte och trovärdighet. Mognadsmodellen M3 togs fram för att hjälpa företag att bedöma deras mognadsnivå och förmåga att hantera frågor inom compliance och kvalitetsledning, men har nu utvecklats till en modell som kan bedöma ett företags mognadsnivå inom vilken ledningsstandard eller vilket område som helst. Modellen har idag ingen standardiserad arbetsmetod och det är upp till konsulterna som utför modellen att bestämma vilket program de vill använda för vardera del. Detta projekt syftar till att digitalisera modellen och därigenom skapa en generisk digital modell för att minska tiden det tar att slutföra ett projekt och för att göra den enklare att använda. Metoderna som användes för att nå målen var i första hand datainsamling som gjordes genom intervjuer, läsningar, en konkurrentanalys samt program- och verktygstestning. När datan hade samlats in beslutades den analysmetod som skulle användas för att mäta resultaten under arbetets gång. Analysmetoden bestämdes vara att använda KPIer som kunde jämföras och utvärderas utifrån den nuvarande modellen och den nyskapade digitaliserade modellen. När KPIerna hade beslutats genomfördes utvecklingen av verktyget i det program som hade valts. Med den färdiga digitaliserade modellen utfördes sedan en fallstudie på ett företag där modellen testades. Den nya digitaliserade modellen utvärderades därefter och jämfördes med den tidigare icke-digitaliserade versionen, detta gjordes av tre experter som poängsatte KPIerna för den nuvarande respektive den digitaliserade modellen. Resultaten visade att digitaliseringen hade haft en positiv påverkan på modellen. Fallstudien visade att den digitaliserade modellen var lämplig på företag och experternas utvärdering visade att alla KPIer hade ökat. Å andra

The present investigation was conducted to ascertain whether or not Size at maturity, Fecundity, and Total Length-Fecundity variation could explain the population dominance of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) over three spot breams Oreochromis andersonii (Castelnau 1861) and Green-Headed Bream Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger 1912) in the Kafue Flood Plain during the spawning season (October 2020 to March 2021). Fish samples caught using a full standard multifilament net with mesh sizes ranging from 25 to 150 mm increments of 12.5 mm were purchased from Local Fishermen at Chanyanya and Kasaka fishing camps. The Total length of each fish was recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm using the fish measuring board. Reproductive stages of the three Tilapiine fish species were determined using standard keys. Whole ovaries from sexually mature females (ripe) were weighed and preserved in 10% formalin solution; logistic regression lines were used to determine size at maturity (L50). Fecundity was determined using gravimetric procedures. The O. andersonii matured at a Total length of 210.98 mm, O. macrochir at 199.48 mm, while O. niloticus matured at 189.82 mm. The O andersonii had mean Fecundity of 1843.92 ± 68.805; O. macrochir had 1640.82 ± 92.164 while O. niloticus had 1422.24 ± 91.103. The relationship between Fecundity and Total length was found to be strongest in O. macrochir (y=12.845x-1175; r=0.8770), followed by O. niloticus (y = 12.912x – 1614.3; r=0.8104) and finally O. andersonii (y=10.715x-591.91; r=0.7606). The studied characteristics among the Tilapiines indicated that O. niloticus was superior in reproductive biology. There should be proper guidelines in the laws and regulations regarding the introduction of O. niloticus into other water bodies. The O. niloticus must be promoted in aquaculture because of its reproductive advantages compared to the local Tilapiines.

This article presents the results of a systematic review of the methods to implement cybersecurity maturity. Based on them, it proposes a framework for excellence in aeronautical cybersecurity that integrates the objectives of aeronautical cybersecurity with capabilities and requirements, which contributes to increasing the maturity of aeronautical cybersecurity. It exposes 13 objectives with 120 capabilities and 5 functional maturity levels to gradually meet up to 600 aeronautical cybersecurity requirements. Which were taken from articles with good practices associated with publications of the last 5 years and the criteria resulting from the collaboration of managers and the validation of experts in the industry, which allowed it to be enriched with good practices associated with the management of cybersecurity and the resilience of these infrastructures., Este artículo presenta los resultados de una revisión sistemática a los métodos para implementar madurez en ciberseguridad. A partir de ellos propone un marco de trabajo para la excelencia en ciberseguridad aeronáutica que integra los objetivos de ciberseguridad aeronáutica con capacidades y requerimientos, lo que contribuye a elevar la madurez de la ciberseguridad aeronáutica. Expone 13 objetivos con 120 capacidades y 5 Niveles funcionales de madurez para gradualmente cumplir hasta 600 requerimientos de ciberseguridad aeronáutica. Las cuales fueron tomadas de artículos con buenas prácticas asociadas a publicaciones de los últimos 5 años y el criterio resultado de la colaboración de directivos y la validación de expertos en la industria, lo que permitió se enriqueciera el mismo con buenas prácticas asociadas a la gestión de la ciberseguridad y la resiliencia de estas infraestructuras.

In the textile sector, the Circular Economy (CE) is emerging as an alternative to the Linear Economy (LE). Transitioning to CE is a complex process, as the motivation is still primarily economic and studies related to its application in the apparel industry are still in their early stages. Therefore, in order to implement CE, the first step needs to be assessing the level of manufacturing and business model maturity in order to subsequently design an action plan. Thus, this article proposes to evaluate the maturity of circular practices in apparel manufacturing, in order to shed light on areas that need improvement in order to implement CE. The maturity level was assessed in 88 apparel manufacturing companies through a survey. The results, in general, indicated the absence of a relationship between the size of the companies and the degree of maturity of CE practices, although there is inherent concern for clean production in all the companies. The apparel manufacturers demonstrated alignment with product development guided by CE principles. Services aimed at extending the lifespan of products are not yet operationalized, but there was agreement on the use of tools that promote garment longevity. There was also a perceived need to redesign the organizational culture, as well as the customer relationship, encompassing a focus on garment conservation and maintenance. On the other hand, younger apparel manufacturers showed a greater connection with the use of environmentally friendly inputs and tools that promote longevity. Finally, it was also identified that older companies exhibited higher engagement in implementing the use of clean energy., No setor têxtil a Economia Circular (EC) vem se apresentando como alternativa à Economia Linear (EL). Migrar para EC é um processo complexo, visto que a motivação ainda é econômica e os estudos relacionados a sua aplicação em confecções ainda é incipiente. Frente a isso, para implementar a EC, como primeiro passo vê-se a necessidade de medir o grau de maturidade fabril, e de modelo de negócio, para posteriormente desenhar um plano de ação. Dessa forma, esse artigo propõe avaliar a maturidade de práticas circulares em confecções, a fim de jogar luz sobre processos a serem melhorados tendo em vista a implementação da EC. A maturidade foi avaliada em 88 confecções, através de uma survey. Os resultados, de forma geral, apontaram a inexistência de relação entre o porte das empresas com o grau de maturidade das práticas de EC, contudo, possuem como inerente o zelo pela produção limpa. As confecções se demonstraram alinhadas com o desenvolvimento de produto orientado pela EC. Serviços voltados à extensão de vida do produto ainda não são operacionalizados, mas observou-se concordância no uso de ferramentas que promovam a longevidade das roupas. Ainda percebeu-se a necessidade de redesenhar a cultura organizacional, como também o relacionamento com o cliente, abarcado pela orientação para conservação e manutenção das roupas. Ao mesmo tempo, por outro lado, confecções mais jovens demonstraram maior conexão com uso de insumos ecologicamente corretos e com ferramentas promotoras de longevidade. Por fim, também identificou-se engajamento superior, em implementar o uso de energia limpa, por empresas mais antigas.

An adult becomes a person who has attained the age of majority, i.e. that ‘magical’ age limit that many people are waiting for when they are growing up. However, being an adult does not mean being mature at all. Maturity is experienced on many levels - human, spiritual or emotional, and each of them is important. Helena Kmieć, a candidate for the altars, is a part of this trend of maturity. The presented text will first concern some elements of maturity and joy of life in theological terms, then search for these elements in Helena’s life. The culmination of the analysis will be an indication of the prospect of preparations for the beatification of Helena Kmieć., Dorosłym staje się człowiek, który osiągnął pełnoletność, czyli tę „magiczną” granicę wieku, na którą czeka wiele osób w wieku dorastania. Jednak bycie dorosłym wcale nie oznacza bycia dojrzałym. Dojrzałość przeżywa się na wielu płaszczyznach - ludzkiej, duchowej czy emocjonalnej - i każda z nich jest ważna. W nurt tak kreślonej dojrzałości wpisuje się kandydatka na ołtarze Helena Kmieć. Prezentowany tekst najpierw będzie dotyczyć niektórych elementów dojrzałości i radości życia w teologicznym ujęciu, aby następnie poszukiwać tych elementów w życiu Heleny. Uwieńczeniem analizy będzie wskazanie na perspektywę przygotowań do beatyfikacji Heleny Kmieć.

The goal of the presented article entitled “Mature or immature? Maturity of nupturients for sacramental union on the basis of pilot studies in the Archdiocese of Poznan” was to present the results of research concerning the level of maturity of fiancées, with particular emphasis on the requirements for candidates preparing for sacramental marriage in the Catholic Church. The analytical-synthetic method of content, concerning maturity for marriage, was used to describe the condition of nupturients, and a survey was conducted among those participating in premarital catechesis in selected centers of the Archdiocese of Poznan. The text highlights various aspects of maturity, such as legal, physical, psychological and religious maturity. The analyses presented showed that most of the fiancées surveyed had a level of maturity that would allow them to enter into sacramental marriage, as required by canon law. At the same time, a large group of respondents showed large deficits in personal and religious maturity. The described situation can affect later marital relations and the quality of marital well-being. The presented text lays the groundwork for the development of the pastoral care of nupturients – it points out areas that require special attention on the part of pastors, such as developing the level of religious maturity, which can help fi ancées build strong and lasting marriages, based on sacramental values, and supporting them with the help of competent experts in the field of psychology and family life. The content of the article is an important contribution to the discussion of the maturity of fiancées for sacramental union and the role of the Catholic Church and pastors in shaping the level of maturity of fiancées., Celem prezentowanego artykułu pt. „Dojrzali czy niedojrzali? Dojrzałość nupturientów do zawarcia sakramentalnego związku na podstawie badań pilotażowych w Archidiecezji poznańskiej” było przedstawienie wyników badań dotyczących poziomu dojrzałości narzeczonych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wymagań stawianych kandydatom przygotowującym się do zawarcia sakramentalnego małżeństwa w Kościele katolickim. Do opisu kondycji nupturientów zastosowano metodę analityczno-syntetyczną treści, dotyczącej dojrzałości do małżeństwa oraz przeprowadzono badania ankietowe wśród osób uczestniczących w katechezach przedmałżeńskich w wybranych ośrodkach Archidiecezji Poznańskiej. Tekst zwraca uwagę na różne aspekty dojrzałości, takie jak dojrzałość prawna, fizyczna, psychologiczna i religijna. Przedstawione analizy wykazały, że większość badanych narzeczonych posiadała poziom dojrzałości umożliwiający zawarcie sakramentalnego małżeństwa, zgodnie z wymaganiami prawa kanonicznego. Jednocześnie duża grupa badanych wykazywała duże deficyty w dojrzałości osobowej i religijnej. Opisana sytuacja może rzutować na późniejsze relacje małżeńskie i jakość małżeńskiego dobrostanu. Prezentowany tekst stanowi podwaliny pod rozwój duszpasterstwa nupturientów - wskazuje na obszary wymagające szczególnej uwagi ze strony duszpasterzy, takie jak rozwijanie poziomu dojrzałości religijnej, co może pomóc narzeczonym w budowaniu mocnych i trwałych małżeństw, opartych na wartościach sakramentalnych oraz wsparcie ich o pomoc kompetentnych ekspertów z dziedziny psychologii i życia rodzinnego. Treści zawarte w artykule stanowią ważny wkład w dyskusję na temat dojrzałości narzeczonych do zawarcia sakramentalnego związku oraz roli Kościoła katolickiego i duszpasterzy w kształtowaniu poziomu dojrzałości narzeczonych.

The present investigation was conducted to ascertain whether or not Size at maturity, Fecundity, and Total Length-Fecundity variation could explain the population dominance of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) over three spot breams Oreochromis andersonii (Castelnau 1861) and Green-Headed Bream Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger 1912) in the Kafue Flood Plain during the spawning season (October 2020 to March 2021). Fish samples caught using a full standard multifilament net with mesh sizes ranging from 25 to 150 mm increments of 12.5 mm were purchased from Local Fishermen at Chanyanya and Kasaka fishing camps. The Total length of each fish was recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm using the fish measuring board. Reproductive stages of the three Tilapiine fish species were determined using standard keys. Whole ovaries from sexually mature females (ripe) were weighed and preserved in 10% formalin solution; logistic regression lines were used to determine size at maturity (L50). Fecundity was determined using gravimetric procedures. The O. andersonii matured at a Total length of 210.98 mm, O. macrochir at 199.48 mm, while O. niloticus matured at 189.82 mm. The O andersonii had mean Fecundity of 1843.92 ± 68.805; O. macrochir had 1640.82 ± 92.164 while O. niloticus had 1422.24 ± 91.103. The relationship between Fecundity and Total length was found to be strongest in O. macrochir (y=12.845x-1175; r=0.8770), followed by O. niloticus (y = 12.912x – 1614.3; r=0.8104) and finally O. andersonii (y=10.715x-591.91; r=0.7606). The studied characteristics among the Tilapiines indicated that O. niloticus was superior in reproductive biology. There should be proper guidelines in the laws and regulations regarding the introduction of O. niloticus into other water bodies. The O. niloticus must be promoted in aquaculture because of its reproductive advantages compared to the local Tilapiines.

The present thesis introduces an innovative approach to addressing public funding challenges for innovation in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) companies. Innovation, characterized by its chaotic, ubiquitous, unpredictable, complex, multidimensional, and non-linear attributes, has emerged as a crucial driving force behind modern economic growth and social development. However, the nurturing and management of innovation present intricate challenges, particularly in the realm of public funding, which play a significant role in financing innovation in Europe, surpassing private funding. The allencompassing and multi-faceted nature of innovation requires a nuanced understanding and approach that both recognizes and accommodates its innate chaos and spontaneity. The inherent traits of innovation stand in stark contrast to the characteristics of its primary funding source—public administration—which is slow and bureaucratic. Consequently, the evolution of strategies and models that align public funding with the non-linear dynamics of innovation is essential for enhancing innovation performance, fostering an environment of freedom that devoid existing constraints. This thesis aims to develop and validate this original approach to enhance the public funding process for innovation in the ICT sector. The overarching aim is to foster an environment that promotes continuous, competitive, free, and agile innovation, enhancing the strategic alignment of organizations with the broader funding landscape. This objective is pursued to ultimately enhance effective and efficient productive capacity, aiming to secure competitive advantages for ICT companies engaged in innovation projects. Through a comprehensive review of the current state of the art, several shortcomings in existing funding methodologies, such as ontological issues, linear and systemic approaches, bureaucratic inefficiencies, slow processes, and limited agility, are identified. These gaps are further expl

Background: Co-production is promoted as an effective way of improving the quality of health and social care but the diversity of measures used in individual studies makes their outcomes difficult to interpret. Objective: The objective is to explore how empirical studies in health and social care have described the outcomes of co-production projects and how those outcomes were measured. Design and methods: A scoping review forms the basis for this systematic review. Search terms for the concepts (co-produc∗ OR coproduc∗ OR co-design∗ OR codesign∗) and contexts (health OR 'public service∗ OR "public sector") were used in: CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCOHost), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials (Wiley), MEDLINE (EBSCOHost), PsycINFO (ProQuest), PubMed (legacy) and Scopus (Elsevier). There was no date limit. Papers describing the process, original data and outcomes of co-production were included. Protocols, reviews and theoretical, conceptual and psychometric papers were excluded. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline was followed. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool underpinned the quality of included papers. Results: 43 empirical studies were included. They were conducted in 12 countries, with the UK representing >50% of all papers. No paper was excluded due to the Mixed Methods Quality Appraisal screening and 60% of included papers were mixed methods studies. The extensive use of self-developed study-specific measures hampered comparisons and cumulative knowledge-building. Overall, the studies reported positive outcomes. Co-production was reported to be positively experienced and provided important learning. Conclusions: The lack of common approaches to measuring co-production is more problematic than the plurality of measurements itself. Co-production should be measured from three perspectives: outputs of co-production processes, the experiences of participating in co-production processes and outcomes of co-produc

The paper reports results from organic petrological and geochemical characterization of Suhostrel bituminous coal deposit, SW Bulgaria. Three high ash (21–47 wt%) and thin (up to 0.6 m) coal seams, representing splits from a locally compact coal bed (∼1.8 m thick), were formed around the southern and south-western rim of the Padesh Graben during its Eocene evolution. High total organic carbon contents (avg. ∼86 wt%, daf), vitrinite reflectance (avg. Ro = 1.05%) and Tmax (avg. 457 °C) argue for high vol. A/medium vol. bituminous coalification rank. Maceral composition is dominated by vitrinite (avg. ∼ 95 vol%), accompanied by small amounts of liptinite (avg. ∼ 5 vol%). Apart from few occurrences of funginite, inertinite is not present. The organic matter is mostly represented by detrovitrinite and collotelinite, the latter generally occurring in the form of gelified leaf-derived tissues. Liptinite is mainly represented by cutinite and microsporinite and display no evidence for organic matter contribution from algae. Low TPI and VI indices indicate peat formation from vegetation with poor preservation potential. Insignificant contents of gelovitrinite, coupled with high GI indices denote greater importance of the geochemical processes for the gelification of the organic matter. Striking predominance of mid- and long-chain n-alkanes argues for peat formation from a mixture of aquatic macrophytes and terrestrial vegetational communities. Presence of oleanane, albeit in low concentration, provides robust argument for contribution from angiosperm plants, whereas absence of resin-derived sesqui- and diterpenoid hydrocarbons denotes insignificant role of conifers during peat accumulation. Reconstructed depositional settings indicate organic matter accumulation under marginal aquatic, marsh/fen-type peatland with meso- to rheotrophic characteristics (GWI > 0.5). High mineral matter contents, coupled with the abundance of siliciclastic grains, imply hydrologically active envi

The present investigation was conducted to ascertain whether or not Size at maturity, Fecundity, and Total Length-Fecundity variation could explain the population dominance of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) over three spot breams Oreochromis andersonii (Castelnau 1861) and Green-Headed Bream Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger 1912) in the Kafue Flood Plain during the spawning season (October 2020 to March 2021). Fish samples caught using a full standard multifilament net with mesh sizes ranging from 25 to 150 mm increments of 12.5 mm were purchased from Local Fishermen at Chanyanya and Kasaka fishing camps. The Total length of each fish was recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm using the fish measuring board. Reproductive stages of the three Tilapiine fish species were determined using standard keys. Whole ovaries from sexually mature females (ripe) were weighed and preserved in 10% formalin solution; logistic regression lines were used to determine size at maturity (L50). Fecundity was determined using gravimetric procedures. The O. andersonii matured at a Total length of 210.98 mm, O. macrochir at 199.48 mm, while O. niloticus matured at 189.82 mm. The O andersonii had mean Fecundity of 1843.92 ± 68.805; O. macrochir had 1640.82 ± 92.164 while O. niloticus had 1422.24 ± 91.103. The relationship between Fecundity and Total length was found to be strongest in O. macrochir (y=12.845x-1175; r=0.8770), followed by O. niloticus (y = 12.912x – 1614.3; r=0.8104) and finally O. andersonii (y=10.715x-591.91; r=0.7606). The studied characteristics among the Tilapiines indicated that O. niloticus was superior in reproductive biology. There should be proper guidelines in the laws and regulations regarding the introduction of O. niloticus into other water bodies. The O. niloticus must be promoted in aquaculture because of its reproductive advantages compared to the local Tilapiines.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of many economies and shape the sustainability of both production and consumption. SMEs differ drastically in their sustainability performance and maturity. The objective of this paper is to assess what aspects of SMEs' activities, including their links to stakeholders in their supply chains, explain a company's sustainability performance. Using a literature-based theoretical framework for assessing SME sustainability performance and maturity, the study conducts a survey with participants in a 100-company sustainability innovation project conducted in the Greater Copenhagen region. The sample of companies reaches across several industries including construction, hotel/conference, information technology, and manufacturing. The study analyses survey data using paired sample t-tests and regression analyses. The results show that the following factors help explain the sustainability performance and maturity of SMEs in the sample: the degree of customer involvement in product and process development; engaging, communicating and partnering with customers; customer segmentation, technology and innovation as constituent parts in the business strategy; and the amount of time dedicated specifically to commercial and marketing efforts and process development. The study shows that devoting time and resources to engage with customers in product and process development will lead to increased sustainability performance and maturity. These results contrast with the traditional norm that companies develop as a reaction to changing customer requirements. The novelty of this study lies in bringing to light the aspects within the management of SMEs contribute to explaining their sustainability performance, and thus can be used to guide improvements. Unveiling this allows SMEs to deploy sustainability-focused action.

This paper focuses on the issue of the transparency maturity of open data ecosystems seen as the key for the development and maintenance of sustainable, citizen-centered, and socially resilient smart cities. This study inspects smart cities’ data portals and assesses their compliance with transparency requirements for open (government) data. The expert assessment of 34 portals representing 22 smart cities, with 36 features, allowed us to rank them and determine their level of transparency maturity according to four predefined levels of maturity - developing, defined, managed, and integrated. In addition, recommendations for identifying and improving the current maturity level and specific features have been provided. An open data ecosystem in the smart city context has been conceptualized, and its key components were determined. Our definition considers the components of the data-centric and data-driven infrastructure using the systems theory approach. We have defined five predominant types of current open data ecosystems based on prevailing data infrastructure components. The results of this study should contribute to the improvement of current data ecosystems and build sustainable, transparent, citizen-centered, and socially resilient open data-driven smart cities., Tento příspěvek se zaměřuje na problematiku vyspělosti transparentnosti ekosystémů otevřených dat, která je považována za klíč pro rozvoj a řízení udržitelných, na občany zaměřených a sociálně odolných chytrých měst. Tato studie kontroluje datové portály chytrých měst a posuzuje jejich soulad s požadavky na transparentnost pro otevřená (vládní) data. Expertní hodnocení 34 portálů reprezentujících 22 chytrých měst s 36 funkcemi nám umožnilo seřadit je a určit jejich úroveň vyspělosti transparentnosti podle čtyř předdefinovaných úrovní vyspělosti – rozvojové, definované, spravované a integrované. Kromě toho jsou poskytnuta doporučení pro identifikaci a zlepšení současné úrovně vyspělosti a specifických funkcí portálů. Ekosystém otevřených dat v kontextu chytrého města byl konceptualizován a byly určeny jeho klíčové komponenty. Naše definice vymezuje komponenty datově orientované a datově řízené infrastruktury s využitím přístupu teorie systémů. Definovali jsme pět převládajících typů současných ekosystémů otevřených dat na základě převažujících komponent datové infrastruktury. Výsledky této studie by měly přispět ke zlepšení současných datových ekosystémů a vybudovat udržitelná, transparentní, na občany zaměřená a sociálně odolná chytrá města založená na otevřených datech.

Co-Curricular Activities (CCA) are the part of the students’ life and a way of developing a student holistically. There are different studies which showed that the participation of girls in sports is lower than the boys. Low participation indicates that there are some reasons behind this. As females are an equal and important component of society, therefore, it is essential to enhance the participation of girls in sports for their health and brighter future. The main purpose of the study was to explore the restraining factors in equal gender participation in co-curricular activities in higher education institutions in Sargodha-Pakistan. The current study was mixed method in nature. The population was consisted of all girls who were studying in general public universities of Punjab province. A total of three hundred girls were selected as sample for collecting quantitative data while eight girls were selected for collecting qualitative data. Respondents were selected by multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected through self-generated questionnaire having forty seven statements and through interview protocol having seven questions. Quantitative data were analysed through SPSS while interviews were analysed through thematic analysis. Percentage, independent sample t-test and one way ANOVA were used for quantitative data analysis. Both the results and discussion visibly showed that there exists familial, institutional and societal barriers involved in equal and fair gender participation of girls in co-curricular. It is recommended that higher education institutions should play their role in making strategic reforms to overcome such barriers which are restraining factors for all girls that make them hesitant to participate in co-curricular activities in universities in Pakistan.

Ve své závěrečné práci se zaměřuji na psychologii vzdělávání dospělých. Práce pojednává o jednotlivých fázích dospělosti v kontextu vývojové psychologie, definuje osobnost člověka, předpoklady ke vzdělávání, motivaci, styly učení, ale i zásady vzdělávání dospělých. Nedílnou součástí práce je rozlišení vzdělávání dospělých, celoživotní učení, ale i významní představitelé vzdělávání dospělých a jejich teorie., In my final thesis, I focus on the psychology of adult education. The work discusses the individual stages of adulthood in the context of developmental psychology, defines a person's personality, prerequisites for education, motivation, learning styles, but also the principles of adult education. An integral part of the work is the distinction between adult education, lifelong learning, but also important representatives of adult education and their theories.

This article presents the results of a systematic review of the methods to implement cybersecurity maturity. Based on them, it proposes a framework for excellence in aeronautical cybersecurity that integrates the objectives of aeronautical cybersecurity with capabilities and requirements, which contributes to increasing the maturity of aeronautical cybersecurity. It exposes 13 objectives with 120 capabilities and 5 functional maturity levels to gradually meet up to 600 aeronautical cybersecurity requirements. Which were taken from articles with good practices associated with publications of the last 5 years and the criteria resulting from the collaboration of managers and the validation of experts in the industry, which allowed it to be enriched with good practices associated with the management of cybersecurity and the resilience of these infrastructures., Este artículo presenta los resultados de una revisión sistemática a los métodos para implementar madurez en ciberseguridad. A partir de ellos propone un marco de trabajo para la excelencia en ciberseguridad aeronáutica que integra los objetivos de ciberseguridad aeronáutica con capacidades y requerimientos, lo que contribuye a elevar la madurez de la ciberseguridad aeronáutica. Expone 13 objetivos con 120 capacidades y 5 Niveles funcionales de madurez para gradualmente cumplir hasta 600 requerimientos de ciberseguridad aeronáutica. Las cuales fueron tomadas de artículos con buenas prácticas asociadas a publicaciones de los últimos 5 años y el criterio resultado de la colaboración de directivos y la validación de expertos en la industria, lo que permitió se enriqueciera el mismo con buenas prácticas asociadas a la gestión de la ciberseguridad y la resiliencia de estas infraestructuras.

The present investigation was conducted to ascertain whether or not Size at maturity, Fecundity, and Total Length-Fecundity variation could explain the population dominance of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) over three spot breams Oreochromis andersonii (Castelnau 1861) and Green-Headed Bream Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger 1912) in the Kafue Flood Plain during the spawning season (October 2020 to March 2021). Fish samples caught using a full standard multifilament net with mesh sizes ranging from 25 to 150 mm increments of 12.5 mm were purchased from Local Fishermen at Chanyanya and Kasaka fishing camps. The Total length of each fish was recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm using the fish measuring board. Reproductive stages of the three Tilapiine fish species were determined using standard keys. Whole ovaries from sexually mature females (ripe) were weighed and preserved in 10% formalin solution; logistic regression lines were used to determine size at maturity (L50). Fecundity was determined using gravimetric procedures. The O. andersonii matured at a Total length of 210.98 mm, O. macrochir at 199.48 mm, while O. niloticus matured at 189.82 mm. The O andersonii had mean Fecundity of 1843.92 ± 68.805; O. macrochir had 1640.82 ± 92.164 while O. niloticus had 1422.24 ± 91.103. The relationship between Fecundity and Total length was found to be strongest in O. macrochir (y=12.845x-1175; r=0.8770), followed by O. niloticus (y = 12.912x – 1614.3; r=0.8104) and finally O. andersonii (y=10.715x-591.91; r=0.7606). The studied characteristics among the Tilapiines indicated that O. niloticus was superior in reproductive biology. There should be proper guidelines in the laws and regulations regarding the introduction of O. niloticus into other water bodies. The O. niloticus must be promoted in aquaculture because of its reproductive advantages compared to the local Tilapiines.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield, nutritional composition, and digestibility of conventional (CON) and brown midrib (BMR) pearl millet (PM) with different establishment dates, maturity at harvest and when mixed with cowpea (CWP). In trial 1, CON and BMR were planted on two different dates. In trial 2, CON and BMR, mixed or not with CWP, were harvested when PM was at the boot or heading stages. In trial 1, dry matter (DM) yield was similar between both PM genotypes but delaying establishment reduced DM yield by 30%. Additionally, BMR had a lower concentration of acid detergent lignin (ADL) and a higher in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) compared to CON. In Trial 2, the DM yield was 7.3% higher for CON compared to BMR, and PM with the BMR trait had a lower level of ADL and higher IVNDFD compared to CON. Mixing PM with CWP had negligible effects on nutritional composition but reduced DM yield by 8.3%. Results of these studies indicated that fiber from BMR PM is more digestible than CON but, in one of the trials, this occurred at the expense of lower DM yield. Mixing CWP with PM negatively impacted DM yield.

As United States farmers adapt soybean (Glycine max) production methods from oilseed to vegetable (edamame), key management practices will need to be considered. The key objective of this study was to determine the optimal nitrogen (N) rate and N application timing for edamame in the mid-Atlantic coastal plain system. The study was conducted for three years in Painter, VA, USA on sandy loam soils. A factorial arrangement of four N rates was applied with two application timing strategies: at-planting, and split application. Leaf tissue samples were collected and analyzed at R1. At harvest, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was measured, whole pods were mechanically collected, and yield was recorded. Additionally, pod and bean physical and chemical quality were assessed. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased pod yield in two out of three years. R1 leaf N and sulfur (S) concentrations correlated to the yield, and R1 leaf and R6 whole-plant N concentrations correlated to the total N uptake. None of the tested parameters indicated that N fertilizer decreased yield or quality. In conclusion, we found that N fertilizer applied at planting may aid edamame yield and profit for sandy loam soils in the mid-Atlantic, USA.

The present study talked about educational leaders of our educational sectors. Emphasize was not only laid on their role but it also negotiated their impact towards character building of students and later, communal benefits. Little grain of learning had always made a beautiful land for practice for those learnt strategies i.e., security, alertness, progress, upgradation, growth, maturity and transformation. Role of educational leaders is about, how they motivated their sub-ordinates and transformed them altogether. Survey method was adopted through which data was gathered from the purposive sample of secondary level teachers (N=150), from the public/private schools, those belong to city Okara, all public/private school teachers as, population. For rationalization of researchable questions, construction of a questionnaire was made with large proportion having restricted response. Quantitively analyzed results presented significant difference on transformational growth of teachers from public and private schools. It was also observed that private schools had better setup for awarding incentives, upgradation, behavior, environment, security, insurance, motivation and instructional aids that had positive impact on the leadership as well helped student to be mindful.

This work aimed to investigate the influence of high-power ultrasound (HPU) technology on the stability of bioactive compounds in strawberry juices obtained from fruits with different stages of ripeness (75% vs. 100%) and stored at 4 degrees C for 7 days. HPU parameters were amplitude (25, 50, 75, and 100%), pulses (50 vs. 100%) and treatment time (5 vs. 10 min). Amplitude and pulse had a significant effect (p <= 0.05) on all bioactive compounds except flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids. The treatment duration of 5 min vs. 10 min had a significant positive impact on the content of anthocyanins, flavonols and condensed tannins, while the opposite was observed for total phenols, whereas no statistically significant effect was observed for hydroxycinnamic acids. The temperature changes during HPU treatment correlated positively with almost all HPU treatment parameters (amplitude, pulse, energy, power, frequency). Optimal parameters of HPU were obtained for temperature changes, where the highest content of a particular group of bioactive compounds was obtained. Results showed that by combining fruits with a certain ripeness and optimal HPU treatment, it would be possible to produce juices with highly preserved bioactive compounds, while HPU technology has prospects for application in functional food products.

Information and Knowledge Management is used to improve the performance of companies' innovative activities. Before implementing a management process, organizations must analyze its aspects related to the dynamics of internal knowledge, whether tacit or explicit. Thus, information management for maturity monitoring constitutes a tool capable of enabling and implementing initiatives in a systematic and structured way. They allow us to continually improve the governance of innovation and projects. In this way, this article contributes to improving information management through a maturity level model and with proposals for improvement for acting and sustainability of the strategic governance of its intellectual assets. Interviews conducted based on the model proposed by Batista (2012) but applied in a pharmaceutical company. After identifying the scenario, the relationship between the critical success factors of managing its processes and knowledge innovation was evaluated. With the degree of maturity obtained,it was compared against the “ideal” degrees and a management plan for projects and processes proposed., A Gestão da Informação e do Conhecimento é usada para melhorar o desempenho das atividades inovativas das empresas. Antes de implementar um processo de gestão, as organizações devem analisar quanto aos seus aspectos relacionados à dinâmica do conhecimento interno, seja tácito ou explícito. Assim, o gerenciamento de informações para um monitoramento da maturidade, constitui uma ferramenta capaz de viabilizar e implementar iniciativas de forma sistemática e estruturada. Elas permitem melhorar continuamente a governabilidade da inovação e projetos. Desta forma, este artigo contribui na melhoriada gestão informacional por meio de um modelo degrau de maturidade e com proposições de melhoria para a tomada de ação e sustentabilidade da governança estratégica de seus ativos intelectuais. Foram realizadas entrevistas a partir do modelo proposto por Batista (2012), porém aplicada em uma empresa farmacêutica. Após identificação do cenário, avaliou-se o relacionamento entre os fatores críticos de sucesso da gestão de seus processos e inovação do conhecimento. Com o grau de maturidade obtido, comparou-sefrente os graus “ideais” e foi proposto um planode gestão dos projetos e processos.

This study explores the concept of trust in leadership, drawing on insights from the ancient Chinese classic I-Ching. Using content analysis and metaphoric interpretation, we examine the meaning of Fu (trust) in I-Ching and its relevance to modern-day business leadership. Our analysis categorizes hexagram lines that mention Fu into six stages, forming the I-Ching Trust Development Cycle: Initiation, Progressing, Testing, Growth, Maturity, and Decline. The cycle begins without trust as leaders and followers meet to share their visions and missions. As relationships between leaders and followers develop, progress is made. The third stage tests the trust relationships, while the fourth stage describes how relationships are maintained. In the fifth stage, trust reaches its peak, but in the final stage, relationships reach a crossroads that may lead to either continued Growth or Decline. We suggest management implications at the end of each stage. Finally, we discuss the limitations and suggest future research directions. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Many studies have shown the negative impact of lockdowns on adolescents, but there is less evidence on how they are affected by other stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, and, especially, whether there are any differences between early and late adolescence. The current study focuses on the frustration felt by adolescents because of the severe COVID-19 restrictions in a non-lockdown situation. We aimed to (a) assess the role of maturity and two personality traits (emotional stability and extraversion) in predicting their frustration, and (b) compare the levels of frustration, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction in older and younger adolescents. The sample of older adolescents was also compared with a paired sample of the same age collected in 2018, before the pandemic. The results suggest that maturity, extraversion and emotional stability are predictors of frustration in both older and younger adolescents, although older adolescents reported higher levels of frustration and depressive symptoms, and lower levels of life satisfaction. Older adolescents also reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than adolescents of the same age before the pandemic. These results show the negative impact of the pandemic, especially on older adolescents, and the important role of maturity and some personality traits in predicting their frustration.

The variability in grape ripening is associated with the fact that each grape berry undergoes its own biochemical processes. Traditional viticulture manages this by averaging the physicochemical values of hundreds of grapes to make decisions. However, to obtain accurate results it is necessary to evaluate the different sources of variability, so exhaustive sampling is essential. In this article, the factors “grape maturity over time” and “position of the grape” (both in the grapevine and in the bunch/cluster) were considered and studied by analyzing the grapes with a portable ATR-FTIR instrument and evaluating the spectra obtained with ANOVA–simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). Ripeness over time was the main factor affecting the characteristics of the grapes. Position in the vine and in the bunch (in that order) were also significantly important, and their effect on the grapes evolves over time. In addition, it was also possible to predict basic oenological parameters (TSS and pH with errors of 0.3 °Brix and 0.7, respectively). Finally, a quality control chart was built based on the spectra obtained in the optimal state of ripening, which could be used to decide which grapes are suitable for harvest.

The objective is to determine the development of business capacities and their influence on the economic growth of companies in Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, Mexico, to compare them with other studies and see if the conditions are met. Quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional study. The R Studio software version 1.4.1103 was used. Obtaining a statistical quantitative analysis, without drawing conclusions (inferences), being a regional study, with Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) from 11 to 50 employees and with a time of permanence equal to or greater than seven years in the market. A semi developed level of the capacities of the organizations was found, with a significant weak influence on economic growth, inviting an analysis of other variables, there is no similarity with the literature. The study is carried out in the Tierra Blanca region, Veracruz, because it is the area of greatest influence of the Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM), Tierra Blanca campus and it is where it seeks to generate greater business development. The subject is relatively new, the literature focuses individually on capacities, but not on carrying out a global study of all of them, evaluating the level of development and its influence on the economic growth of itself., El objetivo es determinar el desarrollo de las capacidades empresariales y su infl uencia en el crecimiento económico de las empresas en Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, México, para compararlos con otros estudios y ver si se cumplen las condiciones. Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional, transversal. Se utilizó el software R Studio versión 1.4.1103. Obteniendo un análisis cuantitativo estadístico, sin extraer conclusiones (inferencias), siendo un estudio regional con Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (MiPyMEs) de 11 a 50 empleados y con un tiempo de permanencia igual o mayor a siete años en el mercado. Se encontró un nivel semi desarrollado de las capacidades de las organizaciones, con una infl uencia signifi cativa débil en el crecimiento económico, invitando a realizar un análisis de otras variables, no hay similitud con la literatura. El estudio se realiza en la región de Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, porque es la zona de mayor infl uencia del Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM), campus Tierra Blanca y es donde se busca generar un mayor desarrollo empresarial. El tema es relativamente nuevo, la literatura se enfoca de forma individual en las capacidades, pero no en realizar un estudio global de todas ellas, evaluando el nivel de desarrollo y su infl uencia en el crecimiento económico de sí misma.

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the use and non-use of online social networks on the mental health of Brazilians aged 50 years and over during the emergence of the Covid-19 polydemic in Brazil. 571 people participated, aged between 50 and 88 years (M=58.83; SD=6.74), 78.5% of whom were female. = 237) was composed of elderly people (over 60 years old). Regarding the use of online social networks (RSO), 93% of the participants stated that they used these tools. As instruments, we used a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the Perceived Social Support Scale (EPSS). Regarding anxiety, depression, CMD and Perceived Social Support scores, no differences were found between people who use OSR and non-users of OSR.

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the use and non-use of online social networks on the mental health of Brazilians aged 50 years and over during the emergence of the Covid-19 polydemic in Brazil. 571 people participated, aged between 50 and 88 years (M=58.83; SD=6.74), 78.5% of whom were female. = 237) was composed of elderly people (over 60 years old). Regarding the use of online social networks (RSO), 93% of the participants stated that they used these tools. As instruments, we used a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the Perceived Social Support Scale (EPSS). Regarding anxiety, depression, CMD and Perceived Social Support scores, no differences were found between people who use OSR and non-users of OSR.

Ensuring sustainable access to the data collected and produced in research processes is a critical concern for governments and research funding bodies in Europe and internationally. Research Performing Organisations (RPOs) such as universities and research institutes are key players in this endeavour. This requires data to be produced and managed according to the FAIR data stewardship principles, to be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. Curating the data involves keeping it FAIR, and this requires services capable of applying the TRUST principles. These involve providing Transparency about data holdings, taking Responsibility for the data integrity, maintaining User focus to serve communities, ensuring Sustainability of services to preserve data, and utilizing Technology to fulfill these principles. To make this happen, RPOs can partner with Trustworthy Repositories to achieve a level of technical preparedness that will ensure long-term accessibility to publicly-funded data holdings. This guide aims to offer RPO staff help to identify an appropriate level of preparedness for their circumstances. ACME-FAIR is a 7-part guide developed in the FAIRsFAIR project, whose main purpose is to help managers of Research Data Management and related professional services to self-assess how they are enabling researchers, and the professional staff who support them, to put the FAIR data principles into practice (for short we refer to this as ‘FAIR-enabling practice’). This part addresses the key issue of ensuring trustworthy curation.

We explore the effects of reducing the overall size of the central bank's balance sheet and lowering its maturity structure. To do so, we consider an environment where fiscal policy is traditionally passive and the central bank follows the Taylor principle. In addition, the monetary authority has also explicit size and compositional rules regarding its balance sheet. Agents in this economy face limited commitment in some markets and government bonds can be used as collateral. When short- and long-term public debt exhibit premia, changes in the central bank's balance sheet have implications for long-run inflation and real allocations. To ensure a unique locally stable steady state, the central bank should target a low enough maturity composition of its balance sheet. In our numerical exercise, calibrated to the United States, we find that long-term debt holdings by the central bank should be less than 0.5 times of their short-term positions. Moreover, the process of balance sheet normalization should aggressively respond to the total debt issued in the economy relative to its target. These findings depend on the degree of liquidity of long-term bonds. The more liquid long-term bonds are, the lower is the value of the composition threshold and the parameter space consistent with unique and stable equilibria is smaller. In addition, we consider a modified Taylor rule that takes into account the premium. Such a rule increases the prevalence of multiplicity of steady states and delivers lower welfare. Thus, we argue that the traditional Taylor rule is appropriate for managing interest rates in the presence of premia.

Objectives: To investigate if maturity status was associated with injury risk in male academy soccer players. Design: Prospective cohort surveillance study. Setting: Professional soccer academies. Participants: 501 players (aged 9-23 years) from eight academies in England, Spain, Uruguay and Brazil. Main outcome measures: Players were grouped by maturity offset as pre-peak height velocity (PHV), circa-PHV, post-PHV or adult. Injury prevalence proportion (IPP) and days missed were recorded for one season per player, with training/match exposure recorded in a sub-sample (n = 166). Results: IPP for all injuries combined increased with advancing maturity, with circa-PHV (p = 0.032), post-PHV (p < 0.001) and adult (p < 0.001) higher than pre-PHV. IPP was higher in post-PHV and adult than pre-PHV for non-contact (p = 0.001 and p = 0.012), soft-tissue (both p < 0.001), non-contact soft tissue (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005), muscle (both p < 0.001), thigh (both p < 0.001), ankle (p = 0.035 and p = 0.007) and hamstring injuries (p = 0.041 and p = 0.017). Ligament/tendon IPP was greater in adult versus pre-PHV (p = 0.002). IPP for growth-related injuries was lower in post-PHV than pre-PHV (p = 0.039). Injury incidence rates (n = 166) exhibited similar patterns to IPP in the full cohort. Conclusions: Injury patterns were similar between post-PHV and adult academy players but, crucially, relatively more of these groups suffered injuries compared to pre-and circa-PHV (except growth-related injuries).

Die Fraktion der "Alternative für Deutschland" (AfD) in der Hamburger Bürgerschaft hat im September 2018 ein Portal eingerichtet, das zum anonymen Handeln gegen Lehrer und Lehrerinnen aufruft. Die Tipps der AfD zum Vorgehen enthalten zwei gravierende Probleme: a) Es wird die Vorstellung erweckt, als brauchten Bürger und Bürgerinnen die AfD, wenn sie allgemeine rechtsstaatliche Verfahren nutzen wollen. b) Der anonyme Weg über die AfD ist eine Einladung zur Denunziation von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern. Die Vokabeln "Anfangsverdacht" und "Verstoß gegen (…) Rechtsvorschrift" (auf der Internetseite) sind geeignet, Ängste und Befürchtungen bei Lehrenden zu wecken.