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In the present research, was implemented the educative model “flipped classroom” in the subject of harmony of the superior conservatory of Cuenca-Ecuador. We worked in two groups, a control group that received the classes with the traditional method, and an experimental group to which the model was implemented. Also, were provided to the students the pre-classes in the format of short videos accompanied by the respective text with the objective of invert the classroom, giving a more personalized accompaniment in the group classes for the realization of tasks and exercises, and providing consult material on line for before and after school. The objective of the course was to redesign formative actions for students of artistic formation of the Conservatory Superior de Cuenca that allow to identify the way in which the flipped classroom model can be applied effectively. As results, it is possible to say that exist an effective response from the students about the levels of satisfaction and learning, nevertheless, it must be taken into account that we worked with a population of convenience, which can be a determining factor in bigger populations., Se implementó el modelo educativo aula invertida flipped classroom en la materia de armonía del conservatorio superior de Cuenca-Ecuador. Se trabajó en dos grupos, un grupo de control que recibió las clases con el método tradicional, y un grupo al que se implementó el experimento. Además, se proporcionó a los alumnos las pre clases en formato de videos cortos acompañados del respectivo texto con el objetivo de invertir el aula, dando un acompañamiento más personalizado en las clases grupales para la realización de tareas y ejercicios, y proporcionando material de consulta en línea para antes y después de las clases. El objetivo fue rediseñar acciones formativas para los estudiantes de formación artística del Conservatorio Superior de Cuenca que permitan identificar la manera en que el modelo de aula invertida pueda ser aplicado eficazmente. Como resultados, es posible decir que existe una respuesta efectiva de los estudiantes en cuanto a los niveles de aprendizaje, sin embargo, hay que tener en cuenta que se trabajó con una población de conveniencia, lo cual puede ser un factor determinante en poblaciones más grandes.

Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos mediante el método PRISMA. Se utilizaron como referencias 43 artículos registrados en tres bases de datos (SCOPUS, SCIELO y WOS). El estudio revela la importancia de la educación virtual en el sector educativo en los últimos cuatro años. Además, entre los artículos revisados, ​​destaca la relevancia de la enseñanza de habilidades en el uso de herramientas digitales relacionadas con el proceso de aprendizaje en la educación virtual. Los estudiantes también mostraron gran interés por el uso de la tecnología en el aprendizaje y, el interés de los docentes, por el uso de los recursos tecnológicos y la sostenibilidad de la educación virtual. En este sentido, este estudio confirma la correlación entre la formación virtual planificada y organizada con resultados de aprendizaje efectivos y eficientes., A systematic review of articles was carried out using the PRISMA method. Forty-three articles registered in three databases (SCOPUS, SCIELO and WOS) were used as references. The study reveals the importance of virtual education in the educational sector in the last four years. In addition, among the articles reviewed, the relevance of teaching skills in the use of digital tools related to the learning process in virtual education stands out. Students also showed great interest in the use of technology in learning and the interest of teachers in the use of technological resources and the sustainability of virtual education. In this sense, this study confirms the correlation between planned and organized virtual training with effective and efficient learning outcomes

In the modern world, learning is becoming increasingly critical due to rapid technological breakthroughs, which highlight the need for continuous skill development in both the personal and professional spheres. As a result, eLearning is a cutting-edge approach to education that delivers lessons, courses, and instructional materials remotely via digital technology and the Internet. It makes learning more flexible and accessible by enabling users to interact with teachers online and access classes or other content. Sentiment analysis is an eLearning technique that evaluates user opinions, typically via written feedback, to improve the overall quality of instruction in a course. Sentiment analysis for e-learning feedback has been extensively studied in several languages, except Bangla and Romanized Bangla. The three datasets produced were one for Bangla, one for Romanized Bangla, and one for a combination of Bangla and Romanized. Three datasets contained 3178 Bangla, 3090 Romanized Bangla, and 6268 Bangla and Romanized Bangla texts. The feedback has been divided into three categories: positive, negative, and neutral. The validation of the datasets was conducted using Krippendorff’s alpha and Cohen’s kappa metrics, ensuring the reliability and consistency of the dataset annotations. Several techniques were used to train the preprocessed datasets, including transformers, deep learning, machine learning, ensemble learning, and hybrid approaches. Transformer-based algorithms, such as XLM-RoBERTa, outperformed the others in terms of accuracy, achieving the highest values of 89.46% and 85.81% for the Bangla and Combined datasets. At 89.59%, ANN demonstrated exceptional performance on the Romanized Bangla dataset., Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-07-08 (joosat);Full text: CC BY-NC-ND License

In the modern world, learning is becoming increasingly critical due to rapid technological breakthroughs, which highlight the need for continuous skill development in both the personal and professional spheres. As a result, eLearning is a cutting-edge approach to education that delivers lessons, courses, and instructional materials remotely via digital technology and the Internet. It makes learning more flexible and accessible by enabling users to interact with teachers online and access classes or other content. Sentiment analysis is an eLearning technique that evaluates user opinions, typically via written feedback, to improve the overall quality of instruction in a course. Sentiment analysis for e-learning feedback has been extensively studied in several languages, except Bangla and Romanized Bangla. The three datasets produced were one for Bangla, one for Romanized Bangla, and one for a combination of Bangla and Romanized. Three datasets contained 3178 Bangla, 3090 Romanized Bangla, and 6268 Bangla and Romanized Bangla texts. The feedback has been divided into three categories: positive, negative, and neutral. The validation of the datasets was conducted using Krippendorff’s alpha and Cohen’s kappa metrics, ensuring the reliability and consistency of the dataset annotations. Several techniques were used to train the preprocessed datasets, including transformers, deep learning, machine learning, ensemble learning, and hybrid approaches. Transformer-based algorithms, such as XLM-RoBERTa, outperformed the others in terms of accuracy, achieving the highest values of 89.46% and 85.81% for the Bangla and Combined datasets. At 89.59%, ANN demonstrated exceptional performance on the Romanized Bangla dataset., Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-07-08 (joosat);Full text: CC BY-NC-ND License

El aprendizaje constituye un proceso que debe ser cuidadosamente planificado. En su diseño es necesario contemplar una serie de componentes que guíen a los estudiantes de una manera progresiva. Aunque los elementos son múltiples, este artículo pone el foco en las consignas como parte importante en el diseño de las secuencias de aprendizaje. Estas, a pesar de su importancia, evidencian descuido en su elaboración, omitiendo elementos indispensables en ellas. Los resultados que se presentan forman parte de la investigación «Uso de las herramientas tecnológicas en las secuencias de actividades de aprendizaje. El caso del Diplomado en Informática Educativa», desarrollado en el Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Salomé Ureña (ISFODOSU), en la República Dominicana. Se trató de un estudio de caso único. El trabajo de campo fue llevado a cabo en los 6 recintos que forman el ISFODOSU. Implicó la aplicación de 20 entrevistas a docentes y 17 grupos de discusión con estudiantes. En opinión de los docentes y estudiantes, las consignas de estos cursos resultan confusas y, en algunos casos, incoherentes. Aunque parten de situaciones reales, no incluyen situación de aprendizaje en su diseño. En ellas siempre se solicita la entrega de un producto, para lo cual se explicitan los criterios de evaluación., Learning is a process that must be carefully planned. In its design, it is necessary to contemplate a series of elements that guide students in a progressive way. Although these elements are multiple, this article focuses on instructions as an important element in the design of learning sequences. Which, despite their importance, show carelessness in their elaboration, omitting indispensable elements in them. The results presented are part of the research on the use of technological tools in the sequences of learning activities. The case of the Diploma in Educational Informatics, developed at the Salomé Ureña Higher Institute of Teacher Training (ISFODOSU), in the Dominican Republic. This was a unique case study. The fieldwork was carried out in the 6 campuses that make up ISFODOSU. It involved 20 interviews with teachers and 17 focus groups with students. In the opinion of teachers and students, the instructions of these courses are confusing and, in some cases incoherent. Although they are based on real situations, they do not include learning situations in their design. In them, the delivery of a product is always requested, for which the evaluation criteria are explicit.

Aim. The aim of the study is to determine the level of readiness of future science teachers to use the STEM approach in the educational process and to develop recommendations for the integration of relevant STEM tools into the educational process of Ukraine. Methods. The study involved the following methods: the focus group method, the two-phase survey, the accompanying survey, the variable impact method, and the statistical analysis. Results. Students majoring in natural sciences are poorly prepared for the integration of STEM tools. Students of the experimental subgroup became more ready to use STEM tools and developed a more structured vision of systemic issues. Comprehensive educational courses are an effective means of preparing future teachers for the integration of STEM tools in their future activities. Conclusions. STEM approach can be effectively integrated into teaching natural sciences through comprehensive educational courses and practical activities that develop the future teachers’ skills. Virtual laboratory technologies demonstrated the greatest effectiveness. Prospects. Prospects for further research focus on the need to verify the obtained results for a wider sample of future teachers of natural sciences and other majors of higher education institutions (HEIs)., El objetivo del estudio es determinar el nivel de preparación de los futuros profesores de ciencias para utilizar el enfoque STEM en el proceso educativo y desarrollar recomendaciones para la integración de herramientas STEM relevantes en el proceso educativo de Ucrania. Métodos. El estudio involucró los siguientes métodos: el método de grupo focal, la encuesta de dos fases, la encuesta de acompañamiento, el método de impacto variable y el análisis estadístico. Resultados. Los estudiantes que se especializan en ciencias naturales están mal preparados para la integración de herramientas STEM. Los estudiantes del subgrupo experimental se prepararon más para usar las herramientas STEM y desarrollaron una visión más estructurada de los problemas sistémicos. Los cursos educativos integrales son un medio efectivo para preparar a los futuros maestros para la integración de las herramientas STEM en sus futuras actividades. Conclusiones. El enfoque STEM se puede integrar de manera efectiva en la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales a través de cursos educativos integrales y actividades prácticas que desarrollan las habilidades de los futuros maestros. Las tecnologías de laboratorio virtual demostraron la mayor eficacia. Perspectivas. Las perspectivas de futuras investigaciones se centran en la necesidad de verificar los resultados obtenidos para una muestra más amplia de futuros profesores de ciencias naturales y otras carreras de instituciones de educación superior (IES).

Programming education should aim to provide students with a broad range of skills that they will later use while developing software. An important aspect in this is their ability to write code that is not only correct but also of high quality. Unfortunately, this is difficult to control in the setting of a massive open online course. In this paper, we carry out an analysis of the code quality of submissions from JetBrains Academy — a platform for studying programming in an industry-like project-based setting with an embedded code quality assessment tool called Hyperstyle. We analyzed more than a million Java submissions and more than 1.3 million Python submissions, studied the most prevalent types of code quality issues and the dynamics of how students fix them. We provide several case studies of different issues, as well as an analysis of why certain issues remain unfixed even after several attempts. Also, we studied abnormally long sequences of submissions, in which students attempted to fix code quality issues after passing the task. Our results point the way towards the improvement of online courses, such as making sure that the task itself does not incentivize students to write code poorly.

The objective of the study was to determine the perception of psychology students on the quality of non-classroom education in the year 2021. The research design was non-experimental and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 299 participants with an average age of 26.4 years. The results obtained indicated that no statistically significant differences p >0.05 were found with respect to the evaluation of the quality of virtual education during the three semesters evaluated. To determine the appropriateness of the different methodologies used in online education (F (4.9) = 9.29, p = 0.00), the overall assessment of educational practices (F (4.4) = 15.24, p = 0.000) and the preference for different evaluation methodologies (F(6.8) = 4.82, p =0.000), repeated measures ANOVA's were carried out and found statistically significant differences between the comparisons made. Students showed a greater preference and positive valuation towards participatory teaching and learning methodologies, and the combination of different pedagogical practices. Project-based evaluation strategies and cooperative learning reported a greater acceptance, bringing with it the challenge of innovating new models of knowledge evaluation through technological tools., El objetivo del estudio consistió en determinar la percepción de estudiantes de psicología sobre la calidad de la educación no presencial en el año 2021. El diseño de investigación fue no experimental y transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 299 participantes con una edad promedio de 26.4 años. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas p >0,05 respecto a la evaluación de la calidad de la educación virtual durante los tres cuatrimestres evaluados. Para determinar la adecuación de las diferentes metodologías usadas en la educación en línea (F (4,9) = 9,29, p = 0,00), la valoración general de las prácticas educativas (F (4,4) = 15,24, p = 0,000) y la preferencia por diferentes metodologías de evaluación (F(6,8) = 4,82, p =0,000), se llevaron a cabo ANOVA´s de medidas repetidas que encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las comparaciones realizadas. Los estudiantes mostraron una mayor preferencia y valoración positiva hacia metodologías de enseñanza y aprendizaje participativas, y la combinación de diferentes prácticas pedagógicas. Las estrategias de evaluación basadas en proyectos y el aprendizaje cooperativo reportaron una mayor aceptación, llevando con ello el reto de innovar a través de las herramientas tecnológicas, nuevos modelos de evaluación del conocimiento.

The dual-channel assumption of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning suggests that importing a large amount of information through a single (visual or audio) channel overloads that channel, causing partial loss of information, while importing it simultaneously through multiple channels relieves the burden on them and leads to the registration of a larger amount of information. In light of such knowledge, this study investigates the possibility of reinforcing visual stimuli with audio for supporting e-learners in memorization tasks. Specifically, we consider three kinds of learning material and two kinds of audio stimuli and partially reinforce each kind of material with each kind of stimuli in an arbitrary way. In a series of experiments, we determine the particular type of audio, which offers the highest improvement for each kind of material. Our work stands out as being the first study investigating the differences in memory performance in relation to different combinations of learning content and stimulus. Our key findings from the experiments are: (i) E-learning is more effective in refreshing memory rather than studying from scratch, (ii) Non-informative audio is more suited to verbal content, whereas informative audio is better for numerical content, (iii) Constant audio triggering degrades learning performance and thus audio triggering should be handled with care. Based on these findings, we develop an ANN-based estimator to determine the proper moment for triggering audio (i.e. when memory performance is estimated to be declining) and carry out follow-up experiments for testing the integrated framework. Our contributions involve (i) determination of the most effective audio for each content type, (ii) estimation of memory deterioration based on learners' interaction logs, and (iii) the proposal of improvement of memory registration through auditory reinforcement. We believe that such findings constitute encouraging evidence the memory registration of e

The dual-channel assumption of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning suggests that importing a large amount of information through a single (visual or audio) channel overloads that channel, causing partial loss of information, while importing it simultaneously through multiple channels relieves the burden on them and leads to the registration of a larger amount of information. In light of such knowledge, this study investigates the possibility of reinforcing visual stimuli with audio for supporting e-learners in memorization tasks. Specifically, we consider three kinds of learning material and two kinds of audio stimuli and partially reinforce each kind of material with each kind of stimuli in an arbitrary way. In a series of experiments, we determine the particular type of audio, which offers the highest improvement for each kind of material. Our work stands out as being the first study investigating the differences in memory performance in relation to different combinations of learning content and stimulus. Our key findings from the experiments are: (i) E-learning is more effective in refreshing memory rather than studying from scratch, (ii) Non-informative audio is more suited to verbal content, whereas informative audio is better for numerical content, (iii) Constant audio triggering degrades learning performance and thus audio triggering should be handled with care. Based on these findings, we develop an ANN-based estimator to determine the proper moment for triggering audio (i.e. when memory performance is estimated to be declining) and carry out follow-up experiments for testing the integrated framework. Our contributions involve (i) determination of the most effective audio for each content type, (ii) estimation of memory deterioration based on learners' interaction logs, and (iii) the proposal of improvement of memory registration through auditory reinforcement. We believe that such findings constitute encouraging evidence the memory registration of e

This article had as main aim that of identifying the effectiveness of asynchronous corrective feedback on the oral production of university students taking an online integrated English course as part of their program. All research instruments and tested corrective feedback method were applied in the speaking section of the course that had a duration of sixteen weeks. The study followed a mixed-methods design, where qualitative data was gathered by means of a leaners’ speech analysis scale, while quantitative data was gathered through a questionnaire addressing language learners´ preferences in relation to corrective feedback in oral English classes. A first oral test and final oral test were also used as pre-test and post-test to measure the level of improvement after the intervention phase. Opposed to Nunan’s (1992) position towards the use of positive feedback instead of corrective feedback, the present research project was underlaid by the conception that teachers’ reactions and reflections on learners’ deviant forms of the target language are a crucial part of the whole language learning spectrum. Very interesting findings were shed, first, for the two main types of errors analyzed in the study (Grammar and Vocabulary, and Pronunciation), there was a diminution in quantity when comparing the results from the first exam to those of the final exam, representing those learners committed 10% less errors in the final oral exam. Unsurprisingly, students unanimously favored the use of corrective feedback in their language classes. However, preferences on synchronous and asynchronous corrective feedback showed no major difference., O principal objetivo do presente projeto de pesquisa é identificar a eficácia do feedback corretivo assíncrono na produção oral de estudantes universitários que fazem um curso de inglês on-line integrado como parte de seu programa de estudos. Todos os instrumentos de pesquisa e o método de feedback corretivo proposto foram aplicados na seção de fala do curso, com duração de dezesseis semanas. O estudo seguiu um projeto de métodos mistos, em que os dados qualitativos foram coletados por meio de uma escala de análise da fala, enquanto os dados quantitativos foram coletados por meio de um questionário sobre as preferências dos alunos em relação ao feedback corretivo nas aulas de inglês oral. Um teste oral inicial e um final foram usados como pré-teste e pós-teste, respectivamente, para medir o nível de aprimoramento após a fase de intervenção. Em oposição à posição de Nunan (1992) sobre o uso de feedback positivo em vez de feedback corretivo, o presente projeto baseou-se na concepção de que as reações e reflexões dos instrutores sobre formas incorretas do idioma-alvo são uma parte crucial de todo o espectro do aprendizado de idiomas. Foram encontrados resultados muito interessantes: primeiro, para os dois principais tipos de erros analisados no estudo (gramática e vocabulário e pronúncia), houve uma diminuição na quantidade ao comparar os resultados do teste inicial com os do teste final, o que representa que os alunos cometeram 10% menos erros no teste final. Não é de surpreender que os alunos tenham sido unânimes em favorecer o uso de feedback corretivo nas aulas de idiomas. No entanto, não foi encontrada nenhuma diferença importante nas preferências pelos tipos de feedback corretivo, síncrono ou assíncrono., El principal objetivo del presente artículo es el de identificar la efectividad de la retroalimentación correctiva asincrónica sobre la producción oral de estudiantes universitarios tomando un curso integrado de Inglés en línea como parte de su programa de estudios. Todos los instrumentos de investigación y el método de retroalimentación correctiva propuesto fueron aplicados en la sección oral del curso con una duración de dieciséis semanas. El estudio siguió un diseño de métodos mixtos, donde los datos cualitativos fueron recolectados por medio de una escala de análisis del habla, mientras que los datos cuantitativos fueron recolectados por medio de un cuestionario sobre las preferencias de los estudiantes en relación con la retroalimentación correctiva en clases de inglés orales. Una prueba oral inicial y una final fueron utilizadas como pre-test y post-test, respectivamente, para medir el nivel de mejora después de la fase de intervención. Opuesto a la posición de Nunan (1992) acerca del uso de retroalimentación positiva en lugar de retroalimentación correctiva, el presente proyecto encontraba sus cimientos en la concepción de que las reacciones y reflexiones de los instructores sobre las formas incorrectas del lenguaje meta son una parte crucial de todo el espectro de aprendizaje de un idioma. Resultados muy interesantes fueron encontrados, primero, para los dos principales tipos de errores analizados en el estudio (Gramática y Vocabulario, y Pronunciación), hubo una disminución en cantidad cuando se comparan los resultados de la prueba inicial con los de la prueba final, representando así, que los estudiantes cometieron 10% menos errores en la prueba final. De forma poco sorpresiva, los estudiantes favorecieron unánimemente el uso de la retroalimentación correctiva en las clases de idiomas. Sin embargo, no se encontró mayor diferencia en las preferencias sobre los tipos de retroalimentación correctiva, sincrónica o asincrónica.

Aim. The aim of the study is to determine the level of readiness of future science teachers to use the STEM approach in the educational process and to develop recommendations for the integration of relevant STEM tools into the educational process of Ukraine. Methods. The study involved the following methods: the focus group method, the two-phase survey, the accompanying survey, the variable impact method, and the statistical analysis. Results. Students majoring in natural sciences are poorly prepared for the integration of STEM tools. Students of the experimental subgroup became more ready to use STEM tools and developed a more structured vision of systemic issues. Comprehensive educational courses are an effective means of preparing future teachers for the integration of STEM tools in their future activities. Conclusions. STEM approach can be effectively integrated into teaching natural sciences through comprehensive educational courses and practical activities that develop the future teachers’ skills. Virtual laboratory technologies demonstrated the greatest effectiveness. Prospects. Prospects for further research focus on the need to verify the obtained results for a wider sample of future teachers of natural sciences and other majors of higher education institutions (HEIs)., El objetivo del estudio es determinar el nivel de preparación de los futuros profesores de ciencias para utilizar el enfoque STEM en el proceso educativo y desarrollar recomendaciones para la integración de herramientas STEM relevantes en el proceso educativo de Ucrania. Métodos. El estudio involucró los siguientes métodos: el método de grupo focal, la encuesta de dos fases, la encuesta de acompañamiento, el método de impacto variable y el análisis estadístico. Resultados. Los estudiantes que se especializan en ciencias naturales están mal preparados para la integración de herramientas STEM. Los estudiantes del subgrupo experimental se prepararon más para usar las herramientas STEM y desarrollaron una visión más estructurada de los problemas sistémicos. Los cursos educativos integrales son un medio efectivo para preparar a los futuros maestros para la integración de las herramientas STEM en sus futuras actividades. Conclusiones. El enfoque STEM se puede integrar de manera efectiva en la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales a través de cursos educativos integrales y actividades prácticas que desarrollan las habilidades de los futuros maestros. Las tecnologías de laboratorio virtual demostraron la mayor eficacia. Perspectivas. Las perspectivas de futuras investigaciones se centran en la necesidad de verificar los resultados obtenidos para una muestra más amplia de futuros profesores de ciencias naturales y otras carreras de instituciones de educación superior (IES).

This article describes the design and evaluation of a virtual field trip on the topic of radioactive waste management research for university education. We created an interactive virtual tour through the Mont Terri underground research laboratory by enhancing the virtual experiment information system, designed for domain experts, with background information, illustrations, tasks, tests, and an improved user interface. To put the tour's content into context, a conventional introductory presentation on the final disposal of radioactive waste was added. A user study with 22 participants proved a good perceived usability of the virtual tour and the virtual field trip's ability to transfer knowledge. These results suggest a benefit of employing virtual field trips in geoscientific university courses. In addition, it is conceivable to use the virtual field trip as a tool for science communication in the context of participatory processes during nuclear waste disposal site selection processes.

ICT tools provided an alternative and effective direction to teaching and learning during COVID. The goal of this research is to investigate the effects of ICT on teacher-student communication during COVID-19. Quantitative research design was employed. A sample size of 40 teachers and 100 students from four public secondary schools was selected. Data were gathered through a closed-ended questionnaire carrying 14 statements. Purposive sampling was used. Data were analyzed through SPSS software. Standard deviation and independent sample t-test were run. Overall, it was found that all participants (teachers and students) find ICT tools useful in teacher-student communication but there were difference of opinion between male and female teachers about the role of ICT in communication based on different applications whereas male and female students showed similar responses.

Aim. The aim of the study is to determine the level of readiness of future science teachers to use the STEM approach in the educational process and to develop recommendations for the integration of relevant STEM tools into the educational process of Ukraine. Methods. The study involved the following methods: the focus group method, the two-phase survey, the accompanying survey, the variable impact method, and the statistical analysis. Results. Students majoring in natural sciences are poorly prepared for the integration of STEM tools. Students of the experimental subgroup became more ready to use STEM tools and developed a more structured vision of systemic issues. Comprehensive educational courses are an effective means of preparing future teachers for the integration of STEM tools in their future activities. Conclusions. STEM approach can be effectively integrated into teaching natural sciences through comprehensive educational courses and practical activities that develop the future teachers’ skills. Virtual laboratory technologies demonstrated the greatest effectiveness. Prospects. Prospects for further research focus on the need to verify the obtained results for a wider sample of future teachers of natural sciences and other majors of higher education institutions (HEIs)., El objetivo del estudio es determinar el nivel de preparación de los futuros profesores de ciencias para utilizar el enfoque STEM en el proceso educativo y desarrollar recomendaciones para la integración de herramientas STEM relevantes en el proceso educativo de Ucrania. Métodos. El estudio involucró los siguientes métodos: el método de grupo focal, la encuesta de dos fases, la encuesta de acompañamiento, el método de impacto variable y el análisis estadístico. Resultados. Los estudiantes que se especializan en ciencias naturales están mal preparados para la integración de herramientas STEM. Los estudiantes del subgrupo experimental se prepararon más para usar las herramientas STEM y desarrollaron una visión más estructurada de los problemas sistémicos. Los cursos educativos integrales son un medio efectivo para preparar a los futuros maestros para la integración de las herramientas STEM en sus futuras actividades. Conclusiones. El enfoque STEM se puede integrar de manera efectiva en la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales a través de cursos educativos integrales y actividades prácticas que desarrollan las habilidades de los futuros maestros. Las tecnologías de laboratorio virtual demostraron la mayor eficacia. Perspectivas. Las perspectivas de futuras investigaciones se centran en la necesidad de verificar los resultados obtenidos para una muestra más amplia de futuros profesores de ciencias naturales y otras carreras de instituciones de educación superior (IES).

Históricamente, uno de los mayores obstáculos a los que se enfrentan la investigación y la docencia es la creación y mantenimiento de laboratorios. El equipamiento de los laboratorios ha avanzado considerablemente a lo largo de los años, no obstante, muchas veces los docentes e investigadores dedican más tiempo a la logística de la preparación y ejecución de las pruebas de laboratorio que al diseño de los mismos y a la interpretación de los resultados. Esto supone una complicación importante cuando hay que hacer frente a situaciones como la presentada por la pandemia de Covid19. Para satisfacer esta necesidad, se está adoptando un enfoque que si bien no es nuevo, está ganando muchos adeptos: diseñar y ejecutar experimentos utilizando Internet para accederal equipamiento y ejecutar experimentos y actividades prácticas de docencia en una instalación de laboratorio remota llamada "laboratorio en la nube", en lugar de operar laboratorios físicos propios. Así, podemos definir un laboratorio en la nube como un laboratorio totalmente automatizado en el que los docentes e investigadores pueden realizar múltiples experimentos de forma simultánea y remota, todo ello a través de una única interfaz digital. Entre las ventajas ya identificadas se encuentra un ahorro en coste, más productividad y en el caso de la investigación, incluso una más sencilla reproducibilidad de los resultados. Será objetivo de este TFG analizar las soluciones que Amazon Web Services ofrece para la creación de este tipo de laboratorios con finalidad docente

La satisfacción de la enseñanza virtual es un factor clave en la valoración que realizan los estudiantes sobre los servicios educativos que reciben. Por tanto, es necesario realizar su medición de manera continua utilizando instrumentos validados. El objetivo fue diseñar y validar un cuestionario para medir la satisfacción de la enseñanza virtual (SEV) en alumnos de educación secundaria. El diseño se inició con la revisión bibliográfica, seguida de entrevistas abiertas vía telefónica a profesores y alumnos. El contenido del cuestionario, en su primera versión de 27 ítems, se corrigió mediante la opinión de cinco expertos y una muestra piloto. Seguidamente, con una muestra de 572 alumnos divididos en dos grupos de 286 pertenecientes a siete colegios de la región de Tacna (Perú) se realizó la validación de constructo. El análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) reportó un modelo de siete (7) factores emergentes que agrupan 22 ítems. El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) permitió validar un modelo plausible (X2 /g.l. = 2.219, p = 0.0000, CFI = 0.952, TLI = 0.939 y RMSEA = 0.073) de seis factores (Manejo de TIC, disponibilidad medios virtuales de comunicación, evaluación, trabajo escolar, metodología de la enseñanza y vínculo escolar) con 19 ítems. El análisis de fiabilidad del cuestionario reporta coeficientes de alfa ordinal desde 0.88 a 0.926 entre sus dimensiones. Se concluye que SEV es válido para medir la satisfacción de la enseñanza virtual en alumnos de educación secundaria., Satisfaction with e-learning is a key factor in students' assessment of the educational services they receive. Therefore, it is necessary to measure it on an ongoing basis using validated instruments. The objective was to design and validate a questionnaire to measure satisfaction with e-learning (SEV) in secondary school students. The design started with a literature review, followed by open interviews via telephone with teachers and students. The content of the questionnaire, in its first version of 27 items, was corrected through the opinion of five experts and a pilot sample. Subsequently, construct validation was carried out with a sample of 572 students divided into two groups of 286 from seven schools in the Tacna region (Peru). The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) reported a model of seven (7) emerging factors grouping 22 items. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) validated a plausible model (X2 /g.l. = 2.219, p = 0.0000, CFI = 0.952, TLI = 0.939 and RMSEA = 0.073) of six factors (ICT management, availability of virtual media, evaluation, school work, teaching methodology and school bonding) with 19 items. The reliability analysis of the questionnaire reports ordinal alpha coefficients ranging from 0.88 to 0.926 among its dimensions. It is concluded that SEV is valid for measuring satisfaction with e-learning among secondary school students.

The world wide pandemic situation revealed the problems in all spheres of human life which haven’t been faced before. Recently the world has changed greatly as well as the relationship between people and their professional activity. The great bunch of the workload, if basically acceptable, is done with the use of modern innovative technologies. Such problems have not trampled down the sphere of higher education as well. Distance learning, which was previously addressed to only as accompanying possibility of lessons conduct, nowadays is considered to be the only practicable form of conducting lectures, practical lessons, tests, i.e. it has become a usual daily practice for both teachers and students. Among the basic functional requirements to the electronic educational resources in the system of distance learning there are the visualization and interaction principles both when getting familiar with the theoretical material and when completing virtual laboratory and practical tasks. The Microsoft Office documents have become the most widespread elements among the electronic educational resources. That is why there is a pressing need in presenting the electronic MS Excel spreadsheets on the resource web-pages. The simple and convenient way to solve the problem of Excel documents introduction into the electronic resources of the distance learning systems is the use of cloud services. The services help to acquire the access to the information resources of any level and of any capacity with the possibility to allocate the rights of the users belonging to different groups in relation to the resources. For that purpose the availability of the Internet network access and web-browser would be enough \cite{Kravtsova2020}. The cloud calculation technologies introduction allows for the use of the programs that do not require special licensing, update versions monitoring and eliminates the need of software technical support as the provider himself exercises control over the funct

The world wide pandemic situation revealed the problems in all spheres of human life which haven’t been faced before. Recently the world has changed greatly as well as the relationship between people and their professional activity. The great bunch of the workload, if basically acceptable, is done with the use of modern innovative technologies. Such problems have not trampled down the sphere of higher education as well. Distance learning, which was previously addressed to only as accompanying possibility of lessons conduct, nowadays is considered to be the only practicable form of conducting lectures, practical lessons, tests, i.e. it has become a usual daily practice for both teachers and students. Among the basic functional requirements to the electronic educational resources in the system of distance learning there are the visualization and interaction principles both when getting familiar with the theoretical material and when completing virtual laboratory and practical tasks. The Microsoft Office documents have become the most widespread elements among the electronic educational resources. That is why there is a pressing need in presenting the electronic MS Excel spreadsheets on the resource web-pages. The simple and convenient way to solve the problem of Excel documents introduction into the electronic resources of the distance learning systems is the use of cloud services. The services help to acquire the access to the information resources of any level and of any capacity with the possibility to allocate the rights of the users belonging to different groups in relation to the resources. For that purpose the availability of the Internet network access and web-browser would be enough \cite{Kravtsova2020}. The cloud calculation technologies introduction allows for the use of the programs that do not require special licensing, update versions monitoring and eliminates the need of software technical support as the provider himself exercises control over the funct

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship that exists between the management of remote education and virtual tutor skills in Educational Institution 1279 - Huaycán, Lima 2021. The type of research is basic, the level of research is descriptive correlational, the type of research design is non-experimental, cross-sectional, and the approach is quantitative. The sample was intentional and consisted of 50 teachers from the educational institution. The technique used for data collection is the survey and the instruments were two questionnaires applied to teachers: for the first variable with 21 items and the second variable with 23 items. The validation of the instruments was through expert judgment and for the reliability of each instrument, Cronbach's Alpha was used, with values of 0.937 and 0.915, respectively. It is concluded that there is a significant relationship between the management of remote education and virtual tutor skills, with the statistical coefficient Rho Spearman Rho = .822 and sig. bilateral = .000 < 0.01**., El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la relación que existe entre la gestión de la educación remota y competencias de tutor virtual en la Institución Educativa 1279 - Huaycán, Lima 2021. El tipo de investigación es básica, el nivel de investigación es descriptivo correlacional, el tipo de diseño de la investigación es no experimental transversal y el enfoque es cuantitativo. La muestra fue intencional y estuvo conformada por 50 docentes de la mencionada institución educativa. La técnica que se utilizó para el recojo de datos es la encuesta y los instrumentos fueron dos cuestionarios aplicados a los docentes; para la primera variable con 21 ítems y la segunda variable con 23 ítems. La validación de los instrumentos fue mediante el juicio de expertos y para la confiabilidad de cada instrumento se utilizó el Alfa de Cronbach siendo los valores 0,937 y 0,915 respectivamente. Se concluye que existe relación significativa entre la gestión de la educación remota y competencias del tutor virtual, siendo el coeficiente estadístico Rho Spearman Rho = .822 y sig. bilateral = .000 < 0.01**.

The precarious rights of senior citizens, especially those who are highly educated and who are expected to counsel and guide the younger generations, has stimulated the creation internationally of advocacy associations and opinion leader groups. The strength of these groups, however, varies from country to country. In some countries, they are supported and are the focus of intense interest; in others, they are practically ignored. For this is reason we believe that the creation of a network of all these associations is essential. The proposed network would act as a support for the already-existing policies of the United Nations' High Commission for Human Rights, of independent experts, and of the Global Alliance for the Rights of Older People. All three have long ago recommended the creation of a recognized instrument for uniting presently scattered efforts. The proposed network, therefore, will seek to promote the international exchange of relevant expertise, and it will reinforce the commitments and actions that single countries are currently taking to meet these objectives. For example, informative public events can be organised to promote particular support initiatives and to provide an opportunity for new members of the network to be presented. The network will promote health for senior citizens, disease prevention, senior mobility, safe free time for seniors, alimentary education, protection against new risks and dangers, as well as equity in the services necessary for seniors to adopt new information and communication technologies. In the case of retired academic members, the network will promote equality with respect to continuing use of digital technologies (particularly email), continuing access to research libraries, and the guaranteed ability for seniors to fund their own research programs and to deliver free seminars.

People who work in a library and information science unit are passionate about making a positive difference in the world. Librarians are the people who work in this field, and their job is to bridge the gaps that exist between people, information, and technology. In today’s classroom instructional delivery, the use of electronic learning (e-learning) has become imperative. Thus, the study investigated the extent of implementation of e-learning in the upper basic education French language curriculum and its implication for the evaluation of Library and Information Science Resources. A sample of 370 students participated in the study. A 15–item questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The internal consistency of the instrument was tested using Cronbach Alpha method. It yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.92. The data obtained were analyzed with mean and standard deviations. The results showed that the implementation of e-learning in the French language curriculum was mainly in the use of French language learning CDs while all other aspects of it were virtually not implemented. This finding has implicated the expertise of the educational measurement and evaluators in that the result of the study will be used by them to take appropriate valued judgment on the use of e-learning in the delivery of Library and Information science.

Vor zehn Jahren haben wir am Institut für Medien und Kommunikationswissenschaft (IfMK) der TU Ilmenau angefangen, die Themen Gender und Diversity systematisch in der Lehre zu verankern. Alles begann mit dem deutschsprachigen Online-Grundlagenkurs "Gender und Diversity im Berufs- und Privatleben" für das Studium Generale (Döring/Probstmeyer 2013). Inzwischen gibt es auch einen Online-Aufbaukurs sowie ein Gender-Diversity-Zertifikatsprogramm; zwei englischsprachige Online-Kurse sind in Vorbereitung. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt diese Entwicklung, diskutiert die Bedeutung der Digitalisierung und geht dabei auf die Sichtweisen von Studierenden und Lehrenden ein.

Mein Positionspapier ist ein praxisbasierter Beitrag zu den im Call aufgeworfenen kritischen Fragen rund um Gender Studies, Lehre und Digitalisierung. Meine Erfahrungen bei der Durchführung einer Lehrveranstaltung an der Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht Berlin beschreibe und reflektiere ich anhand aktueller Empfehlungen für diskriminierungssensible (digitale) Lehre (vgl. Barbarino 2020). Dabei fokussiere ich auf die Konzeption der Lehrveranstaltung sowie deren Durchführung. Abschließend gebe ich Anregungen, wie diskriminierungssensible, digitale (Gender-)Lehre im Hochschulkontext funktionieren kann.

The main aim of this study was to investigate online platforms, specifically YouTube, suitable for remote learning, forced by Covid-19 from traditional face-to-face to online learning. To achieve the study's objectives, which are to investigate the effectiveness of remote learning, general students’ feelings have about online education, lecturer's efficiency in using online tools to teach, and student's ability to adapt to online learning, the study employed a qualitative method where three videos with content relevant for a post-graduate diploma in higher education were made and uploaded to YouTube to investigate the efficiency of the online tool. Advantages of YouTube as an educational platform were discussed, which include flexibility and cost, among others. The challenges related to internet connections; resources, used to conduct YouTube lessons, were discussed. Recommendations to address some of these challenges using YouTube as an educational platform were explored. These recommendations include, among others, workshops and seminars should be held by administrators to teach lecturers and teachers how to use technology in their classes, universities need to adopt this new learning system as a part of the curriculum because to save time, money.

The strengths and weaknesses in technological management for programs in virtual and remote modalities are examined, because the digital skills have become a necessary skill for education in the 21st century. Methodologically, a mixed research and a literature review are carried out to establish a conceptual reference on digital skills. An instrument was identified for its validation, which was applied to students from two universities. The results allowed establishing a conceptual reference located in six dimensions and evidencing the resulting categories and their incidence with the teaching and learning process., Se examinan las fortalezas y las debilidades en el manejo tecnológico para programas en las modalidades virtual y a distancia, ya que las competencias digitales se han convertido en una habilidad necesaria para la educación en el siglo XXI. Metodológicamente, se lleva a cabo una investigación de tipo mixto y una revisión de la literatura para establecer un referente conceptual sobre competencias digitales. Asimismo, se identifica un instrumento para su validación, el cual se aplicó a estudiantes de dos universidades. Los resultados permiten establecer un referente conceptual situado en seis dimensiones y evidencian las categorías resultantes y su incidencia con el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje.

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship that exists between the management of remote education and virtual tutor skills in Educational Institution 1279 - Huaycán, Lima 2021. The type of research is basic, the level of research is descriptive correlational, the type of research design is non-experimental, cross-sectional, and the approach is quantitative. The sample was intentional and consisted of 50 teachers from the educational institution. The technique used for data collection is the survey and the instruments were two questionnaires applied to teachers: for the first variable with 21 items and the second variable with 23 items. The validation of the instruments was through expert judgment and for the reliability of each instrument, Cronbach's Alpha was used, with values of 0.937 and 0.915, respectively. It is concluded that there is a significant relationship between the management of remote education and virtual tutor skills, with the statistical coefficient Rho Spearman Rho = .822 and sig. bilateral = .000 < 0.01**., El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la relación que existe entre la gestión de la educación remota y competencias de tutor virtual en la Institución Educativa 1279 - Huaycán, Lima 2021. El tipo de investigación es básica, el nivel de investigación es descriptivo correlacional, el tipo de diseño de la investigación es no experimental transversal y el enfoque es cuantitativo. La muestra fue intencional y estuvo conformada por 50 docentes de la mencionada institución educativa. La técnica que se utilizó para el recojo de datos es la encuesta y los instrumentos fueron dos cuestionarios aplicados a los docentes; para la primera variable con 21 ítems y la segunda variable con 23 ítems. La validación de los instrumentos fue mediante el juicio de expertos y para la confiabilidad de cada instrumento se utilizó el Alfa de Cronbach siendo los valores 0,937 y 0,915 respectivamente. Se concluye que existe relación significativa entre la gestión de la educación remota y competencias del tutor virtual, siendo el coeficiente estadístico Rho Spearman Rho = .822 y sig. bilateral = .000 < 0.01**.

The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of the use of technological tools in the learning level of the students of the Eloy Fabara Fiscal School in the parish of Rio Chico in the city of Portoviejo, Ecuador. Methodologically of a descriptive correlational type in a population of 53 students. 46% consider that the use of WhatsApp as a learning tool is favorable to encourage the motivation of students to carry out their academic activities with relevance to meet the pedagogical purposes set out in the institutional program. It is necessary to locate diverse activities or didactic strategies with the intention of avoiding monotony in the use of technological devices with the intention of creating and recreating critical, reflective, creative and innovative thinking, with the purpose of promoting autonomous learning in students., Se tiene por objetivo determinar la incidencia que tiene el uso de las herramientas tecnológicas en el nivel de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la Básica Media de la Escuela Fiscal Eloy Fabara de la parroquia Rio Chico de la ciudad de Portoviejo, Ecuador. Metodológicamente de tipo descriptiva correlacional en una población de 53 estudiantes. El 46% considera que el uso de WhatsApp como herramienta de aprendizaje, es favorable para incentivar la motivación de los estudiantes para realizar sus actividades académicas con pertinencia a cumplir con los propósitos pedagógicos planteados en el programa institucional. Se hace necesario ubicar diversas actividades o estrategas didácticas con la intención de evitar la monotonía en el uso de los dispositivos tecnológicos con la intención de crear y recrear el pensamiento crítico, reflexivo, creativo, innovador, con fines de promover un aprendizaje autónomo en los estudiantes.

The objective is to determine the effectiveness of technological tools in virtual learning environments in Ecuadorian fiscal education. It is based on a quantitative approach with a descriptive type of research with a correlational scope, in a population of 14 teachers of the educational unit "Fe Herodita Loor Muñoz, located in Cuello de Balsa, Pichincha canton, Manabi province, Ecuador. Forty-three percent of those surveyed agreed with the use of the EVA with traditional tools and easy access for students, considering it a favorable support for the students. While the Pearson correlation is positive at 0.0319 between the use of technological tools and EVA, this indicates a direct relationship, however, the design of the EVA should be improved with the intention that students have better and greater access to it, making it possible to increase the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process., Se tiene por objetivo determinar la efectividad de herramientas tecnológicas en entornos virtual de aprendizaje en educación fiscal ecuatoriana. Se basa en un enfoque cuantitativo con un tipo de investigación descriptiva con un alcance correlacional, en una población de 14 docentes de la unidad educativa “Fe Herodita Loor Muñoz, ubicada en Cuello de Balsa del cantón Pichincha provincia Manabí, Ecuador. El 43% de los encuestados se encuentra de acuerdo en emplear el EVA con herramientas tradicionales y de fácil acceso para los estudiantes, considerándose un apoyo favorable a los discentes. Mientras que la correlación de Pearson es positiva en 0,0319 entre el uso de herramientas tecnológicas y EVA, esto indica relación directa, sin embargo, se debe mejorar el diseño del EVA con la intención que los estudiantes tengan un mejor y mayor acceso a la misma, posibilitándose incrementar la efectividad del proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje.

The recent pandemic crisis that started in Ecuador during the first quarter of the year 2020, caused by the SARS-COV 2 virus, caused a great change in the health system as well as in the educational system, the latter was affected by the cessation of face-to-face functions at the educational level and started a virtual education. The present research aims to summarize the challenges perceived by the students of the Dentistry Career, Cuenca-Ecuador of virtual education and pre-professional practices: pandemic context. A descriptive study was carried out. In relation to the group of respondents, 64.4% of students considered that the virtual modality represented a high affection in their clinical performance, as well as 70.3% of students considered that they needed a considerably high time of practice in order to complement their practical learning., La reciente crisis pandémica que tuvo su inicio en el Ecuador durante el primer trimestre del año 2020, cuya causa fue el virus SARS-COV 2 delimitó un gran cambio en el sistema sanitario como en el sistema educativo, éste último se vio afectado por el cese de funciones presenciales a nivel educativo y inició una educación virtual. La presente investigación pretende resumir los retos percibidos por los estudiantes de la Carrera de Odontología, Cuenca-Ecuador de la educación virtual y prácticas preprofesionales: contexto pandemia. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo. En relación con el grupo de encuestados afirman 64.4% de estudiantes consideró que la modalidad virtual representó una afección elevada en su desempeño clínico, así también el 70.3% de estudiantes consideró que necesitaba un tiempo considerablemente alto de práctica para poder complementar sus aprendizajes prácticos.

En las escuelas rurales falta la implementación de estrategias interactivas para desarrollar habilidades orales y consolidar un modelo que mejore el inglés como idioma extranjero. El propósito principal de la presente investigación es explorar la efectividad del aula invertida en el desarrollo de la expresión oral en estudiantes de 1° y 2° año de bachillerato del colegio rural “Emilio Hinostroza” y determinar los gustos o desagrados de los estudiantes por las actividades, recursos y resultados del aula invertida. Para ello se usó un cuestionario con preguntas cerradas y abiertas para determinar las percepciones de los estudiantes. Los hallazgos del estudio proporcionan información sobre algunos beneficios con respecto a la motivación y el rendimiento de los estudiantes, y hacen que el modelo de aula invertida sea una herramienta digna de consideración para la enseñanza del inglés de forma sincrónica y asincrónica., The implementation of interactive strategies to develop oral skills and consolidate a model to improve English as a foreign language is lacking in rural schools. The main purpose of this research is to explore the effectiveness of the flipped classroom in the development of oral expression in 1st and 2nd year high school students of the rural school "Emilio Hinostroza" and to determine the likes and dislikes of the students for the activities, resources and results of the flipped classroom. For this purpose, a questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions was used to determine the students' perceptions. The findings of the study provide information on some benefits with respect to student motivation and performance, and make the flipped classroom model a tool worthy of consideration for teaching English synchronously and asynchronously.

The objective was to analyze the knowledge from the point of view of students and teachers of the Dentistry career of the Universidad Católica de Cuenca Campus Azogues. Under a quantitative, descriptive and transversal approach, by means of a validated digital survey, obtaining 28 responses from teachers and 43 students. The descriptive statistics presented frequency tables, and the inferential Chi test. The results presented it as a tool for didactic purposes (50.74%), it serves to dynamize teaching (47.89%) from the teachers' point of view (44%), in the case of students they do not have a specific idea about its function (82%), but they consider it useful for didactic purposes (66%). The evidenced will allow presenting an innovative proposal for its application, as it has been considered in other academic scenarios, demonstrating that it is possible to improve the transmission of knowledge, develop skills and abilities, very pertinent in the training of professionals in the dental area., El objetivo fue analizar el conocimiento desde la visión de estudiantes y docentes de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca Campus Azogues. Bajo enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, mediante una encuesta digital validada, obteniéndose 28 respuestas de docentes y 43 estudiantes. La estadística descriptiva presentó tablas de frecuencias, y la inferencial prueba Chi. Los resultados la presentaron como una herramienta con fines didácticos (50,74%), sirve para dinamizar la enseñanza (47,89%) desde la visión de docentes (44%), en el caso de estudiantes no tienen una idea específica sobre su función (82%), pero la consideran útil con fines didácticos (66%). Lo evidenciado permitirá presentar una propuesta innovadora para su aplicación, tal como se la ha considerado en otros escenarios académicos, demostrando que se puede mejorar la transmisión de conocimientos, desarrollar destrezas y habilidades, muy pertinentes en la formación de profesionales en el área odontológica.

This research studies the perceptions that university students of the master’s degree in Teacher Training of ESO and Baccalaureate, FP, and Language Teaching at Nebrija University have in using Kahoot in the virtual classroom. It is also about evaluating which variables previously identified in the interviews are those experienced by most of the students who play with Kahoot and, subsequently, confirming whether the quantitative analysis of the survey confirms the results obtained in the qualitative phase of the students' interviews. It is concluded that the students' perception, concerning the use of Kahoot, is very positive. Kahoot has a positive impact on motivation, commitment, and dynamism in the virtual classroom. Finally, the quantitative analysis confirms the qualitative one., Esta investigación estudia a través de una metodología mixta, cualitativa y cuantitativa, las percepciones que los estudiantes universitarios del Máster de Formación del Profesorado de ESO y Bachillerato, FP y Enseñanza de idiomas en la Universidad Nebrija tienen al utilizar Kahoot en el aula virtual. Se trata, también, de evaluar qué variables identificadas previamente en las entrevistas son las que experimentan la mayoría de los estudiantes que juega con Kahoot y confirmar, posteriormente, si el análisis cuantitativo de la encuesta realizada confirma los resultados obtenidos en el análisis cualitativo de las entrevistas a los estudiantes. Se concluye que la percepción de los estudiantes en relación con el uso de Kahoot en el aula virtual es positiva. Kahoot tiene un impacto positivo en la motivación, el compromiso y la dinamización del aula. Finalmente, el análisis cuantitativo confirma en buena medida el análisis cualitativo.

The European Union and associated countries are working on European projects that provide relevant information on the methodologies used at the educational level through different programs, including the Erasmus+ Program. These projects are the source of inspiration for the research that is being carried out to obtain a methodological guide for the successful use of digital technologies in education to improve learning. This article focuses on how the research has been approached, the analysis of projects classified as good practice or success stories related to eLearning and/or ICT, the advances in data analysis carried out so far with the main results obtained in the project mapping process and the development and application of a survey, which give clues about the most relevant aspects of the projects reviewed., La Unión Europea y países asociados están trabajando en proyectos europeos que aportan información relevante sobre las metodologías utilizadas a nivel educativo a través de diferentes programas, incluido el Programa Erasmus+. Estos proyectos son la fuente de inspiración para la investigación que se está realizando de cara a obtener una guía metodológica para el uso exitoso de las tecnologías digitales en la educación en la mejora del aprendizaje. Este artículo se centra en cómo se ha abordado la investigación, el análisis de proyectos catalogados como buena práctica o experiencia de éxito relacionados con eLearning y/o TIC, los avances en el análisis de datos realizado hasta el momento, con los principales resultados obtenidos en el proceso de mapeo de proyectos y desarrollo y aplicación de una encuesta, que dan pistas sobre aspectos más relevantes de los proyectos revisados.

The objective is to determine the effectiveness of technological tools in virtual learning environments in Ecuadorian fiscal education. It is based on a quantitative approach with a descriptive type of research with a correlational scope, in a population of 14 teachers of the educational unit "Fe Herodita Loor Muñoz, located in Cuello de Balsa, Pichincha canton, Manabi province, Ecuador. Forty-three percent of those surveyed agreed with the use of the EVA with traditional tools and easy access for students, considering it a favorable support for the students. While the Pearson correlation is positive at 0.0319 between the use of technological tools and EVA, this indicates a direct relationship, however, the design of the EVA should be improved with the intention that students have better and greater access to it, making it possible to increase the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process., Se tiene por objetivo determinar la efectividad de herramientas tecnológicas en entornos virtual de aprendizaje en educación fiscal ecuatoriana. Se basa en un enfoque cuantitativo con un tipo de investigación descriptiva con un alcance correlacional, en una población de 14 docentes de la unidad educativa “Fe Herodita Loor Muñoz, ubicada en Cuello de Balsa del cantón Pichincha provincia Manabí, Ecuador. El 43% de los encuestados se encuentra de acuerdo en emplear el EVA con herramientas tradicionales y de fácil acceso para los estudiantes, considerándose un apoyo favorable a los discentes. Mientras que la correlación de Pearson es positiva en 0,0319 entre el uso de herramientas tecnológicas y EVA, esto indica relación directa, sin embargo, se debe mejorar el diseño del EVA con la intención que los estudiantes tengan un mejor y mayor acceso a la misma, posibilitándose incrementar la efectividad del proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje.

The recent pandemic crisis that started in Ecuador during the first quarter of the year 2020, caused by the SARS-COV 2 virus, caused a great change in the health system as well as in the educational system, the latter was affected by the cessation of face-to-face functions at the educational level and started a virtual education. The present research aims to summarize the challenges perceived by the students of the Dentistry Career, Cuenca-Ecuador of virtual education and pre-professional practices: pandemic context. A descriptive study was carried out. In relation to the group of respondents, 64.4% of students considered that the virtual modality represented a high affection in their clinical performance, as well as 70.3% of students considered that they needed a considerably high time of practice in order to complement their practical learning., La reciente crisis pandémica que tuvo su inicio en el Ecuador durante el primer trimestre del año 2020, cuya causa fue el virus SARS-COV 2 delimitó un gran cambio en el sistema sanitario como en el sistema educativo, éste último se vio afectado por el cese de funciones presenciales a nivel educativo y inició una educación virtual. La presente investigación pretende resumir los retos percibidos por los estudiantes de la Carrera de Odontología, Cuenca-Ecuador de la educación virtual y prácticas preprofesionales: contexto pandemia. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo. En relación con el grupo de encuestados afirman 64.4% de estudiantes consideró que la modalidad virtual representó una afección elevada en su desempeño clínico, así también el 70.3% de estudiantes consideró que necesitaba un tiempo considerablemente alto de práctica para poder complementar sus aprendizajes prácticos.

The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of the use of technological tools in the learning level of the students of the Eloy Fabara Fiscal School in the parish of Rio Chico in the city of Portoviejo, Ecuador. Methodologically of a descriptive correlational type in a population of 53 students. 46% consider that the use of WhatsApp as a learning tool is favorable to encourage the motivation of students to carry out their academic activities with relevance to meet the pedagogical purposes set out in the institutional program. It is necessary to locate diverse activities or didactic strategies with the intention of avoiding monotony in the use of technological devices with the intention of creating and recreating critical, reflective, creative and innovative thinking, with the purpose of promoting autonomous learning in students., Se tiene por objetivo determinar la incidencia que tiene el uso de las herramientas tecnológicas en el nivel de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la Básica Media de la Escuela Fiscal Eloy Fabara de la parroquia Rio Chico de la ciudad de Portoviejo, Ecuador. Metodológicamente de tipo descriptiva correlacional en una población de 53 estudiantes. El 46% considera que el uso de WhatsApp como herramienta de aprendizaje, es favorable para incentivar la motivación de los estudiantes para realizar sus actividades académicas con pertinencia a cumplir con los propósitos pedagógicos planteados en el programa institucional. Se hace necesario ubicar diversas actividades o estrategas didácticas con la intención de evitar la monotonía en el uso de los dispositivos tecnológicos con la intención de crear y recrear el pensamiento crítico, reflexivo, creativo, innovador, con fines de promover un aprendizaje autónomo en los estudiantes.

La satisfacción de la enseñanza virtual es un factor clave en la valoración que realizan los estudiantes sobre los servicios educativos que reciben. Por tanto, es necesario realizar su medición de manera continua utilizando instrumentos validados. El objetivo fue diseñar y validar un cuestionario para medir la satisfacción de la enseñanza virtual (SEV) en alumnos de educación secundaria. El diseño se inició con la revisión bibliográfica, seguida de entrevistas abiertas vía telefónica a profesores y alumnos. El contenido del cuestionario, en su primera versión de 27 ítems, se corrigió mediante la opinión de cinco expertos y una muestra piloto. Seguidamente, con una muestra de 572 alumnos divididos en dos grupos de 286 pertenecientes a siete colegios de la región de Tacna (Perú) se realizó la validación de constructo. El análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) reportó un modelo de siete (7) factores emergentes que agrupan 22 ítems. El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) permitió validar un modelo plausible (X2 /g.l. = 2.219, p = 0.0000, CFI = 0.952, TLI = 0.939 y RMSEA = 0.073) de seis factores (Manejo de TIC, disponibilidad medios virtuales de comunicación, evaluación, trabajo escolar, metodología de la enseñanza y vínculo escolar) con 19 ítems. El análisis de fiabilidad del cuestionario reporta coeficientes de alfa ordinal desde 0.88 a 0.926 entre sus dimensiones. Se concluye que SEV es válido para medir la satisfacción de la enseñanza virtual en alumnos de educación secundaria., Satisfaction with e-learning is a key factor in students' assessment of the educational services they receive. Therefore, it is necessary to measure it on an ongoing basis using validated instruments. The objective was to design and validate a questionnaire to measure satisfaction with e-learning (SEV) in secondary school students. The design started with a literature review, followed by open interviews via telephone with teachers and students. The content of the questionnaire, in its first version of 27 items, was corrected through the opinion of five experts and a pilot sample. Subsequently, construct validation was carried out with a sample of 572 students divided into two groups of 286 from seven schools in the Tacna region (Peru). The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) reported a model of seven (7) emerging factors grouping 22 items. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) validated a plausible model (X2 /g.l. = 2.219, p = 0.0000, CFI = 0.952, TLI = 0.939 and RMSEA = 0.073) of six factors (ICT management, availability of virtual media, evaluation, school work, teaching methodology and school bonding) with 19 items. The reliability analysis of the questionnaire reports ordinal alpha coefficients ranging from 0.88 to 0.926 among its dimensions. It is concluded that SEV is valid for measuring satisfaction with e-learning among secondary school students.

The objective is to determine the effectiveness of technological tools in virtual learning environments in Ecuadorian fiscal education. It is based on a quantitative approach with a descriptive type of research with a correlational scope, in a population of 14 teachers of the educational unit "Fe Herodita Loor Muñoz, located in Cuello de Balsa, Pichincha canton, Manabi province, Ecuador. Forty-three percent of those surveyed agreed with the use of the EVA with traditional tools and easy access for students, considering it a favorable support for the students. While the Pearson correlation is positive at 0.0319 between the use of technological tools and EVA, this indicates a direct relationship, however, the design of the EVA should be improved with the intention that students have better and greater access to it, making it possible to increase the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process., Se tiene por objetivo determinar la efectividad de herramientas tecnológicas en entornos virtual de aprendizaje en educación fiscal ecuatoriana. Se basa en un enfoque cuantitativo con un tipo de investigación descriptiva con un alcance correlacional, en una población de 14 docentes de la unidad educativa “Fe Herodita Loor Muñoz, ubicada en Cuello de Balsa del cantón Pichincha provincia Manabí, Ecuador. El 43% de los encuestados se encuentra de acuerdo en emplear el EVA con herramientas tradicionales y de fácil acceso para los estudiantes, considerándose un apoyo favorable a los discentes. Mientras que la correlación de Pearson es positiva en 0,0319 entre el uso de herramientas tecnológicas y EVA, esto indica relación directa, sin embargo, se debe mejorar el diseño del EVA con la intención que los estudiantes tengan un mejor y mayor acceso a la misma, posibilitándose incrementar la efectividad del proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje.

The recent pandemic crisis that started in Ecuador during the first quarter of the year 2020, caused by the SARS-COV 2 virus, caused a great change in the health system as well as in the educational system, the latter was affected by the cessation of face-to-face functions at the educational level and started a virtual education. The present research aims to summarize the challenges perceived by the students of the Dentistry Career, Cuenca-Ecuador of virtual education and pre-professional practices: pandemic context. A descriptive study was carried out. In relation to the group of respondents, 64.4% of students considered that the virtual modality represented a high affection in their clinical performance, as well as 70.3% of students considered that they needed a considerably high time of practice in order to complement their practical learning., La reciente crisis pandémica que tuvo su inicio en el Ecuador durante el primer trimestre del año 2020, cuya causa fue el virus SARS-COV 2 delimitó un gran cambio en el sistema sanitario como en el sistema educativo, éste último se vio afectado por el cese de funciones presenciales a nivel educativo y inició una educación virtual. La presente investigación pretende resumir los retos percibidos por los estudiantes de la Carrera de Odontología, Cuenca-Ecuador de la educación virtual y prácticas preprofesionales: contexto pandemia. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo. En relación con el grupo de encuestados afirman 64.4% de estudiantes consideró que la modalidad virtual representó una afección elevada en su desempeño clínico, así también el 70.3% de estudiantes consideró que necesitaba un tiempo considerablemente alto de práctica para poder complementar sus aprendizajes prácticos.

The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of the use of technological tools in the learning level of the students of the Eloy Fabara Fiscal School in the parish of Rio Chico in the city of Portoviejo, Ecuador. Methodologically of a descriptive correlational type in a population of 53 students. 46% consider that the use of WhatsApp as a learning tool is favorable to encourage the motivation of students to carry out their academic activities with relevance to meet the pedagogical purposes set out in the institutional program. It is necessary to locate diverse activities or didactic strategies with the intention of avoiding monotony in the use of technological devices with the intention of creating and recreating critical, reflective, creative and innovative thinking, with the purpose of promoting autonomous learning in students., Se tiene por objetivo determinar la incidencia que tiene el uso de las herramientas tecnológicas en el nivel de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la Básica Media de la Escuela Fiscal Eloy Fabara de la parroquia Rio Chico de la ciudad de Portoviejo, Ecuador. Metodológicamente de tipo descriptiva correlacional en una población de 53 estudiantes. El 46% considera que el uso de WhatsApp como herramienta de aprendizaje, es favorable para incentivar la motivación de los estudiantes para realizar sus actividades académicas con pertinencia a cumplir con los propósitos pedagógicos planteados en el programa institucional. Se hace necesario ubicar diversas actividades o estrategas didácticas con la intención de evitar la monotonía en el uso de los dispositivos tecnológicos con la intención de crear y recrear el pensamiento crítico, reflexivo, creativo, innovador, con fines de promover un aprendizaje autónomo en los estudiantes.

La satisfacción de la enseñanza virtual es un factor clave en la valoración que realizan los estudiantes sobre los servicios educativos que reciben. Por tanto, es necesario realizar su medición de manera continua utilizando instrumentos validados. El objetivo fue diseñar y validar un cuestionario para medir la satisfacción de la enseñanza virtual (SEV) en alumnos de educación secundaria. El diseño se inició con la revisión bibliográfica, seguida de entrevistas abiertas vía telefónica a profesores y alumnos. El contenido del cuestionario, en su primera versión de 27 ítems, se corrigió mediante la opinión de cinco expertos y una muestra piloto. Seguidamente, con una muestra de 572 alumnos divididos en dos grupos de 286 pertenecientes a siete colegios de la región de Tacna (Perú) se realizó la validación de constructo. El análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) reportó un modelo de siete (7) factores emergentes que agrupan 22 ítems. El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) permitió validar un modelo plausible (X2 /g.l. = 2.219, p = 0.0000, CFI = 0.952, TLI = 0.939 y RMSEA = 0.073) de seis factores (Manejo de TIC, disponibilidad medios virtuales de comunicación, evaluación, trabajo escolar, metodología de la enseñanza y vínculo escolar) con 19 ítems. El análisis de fiabilidad del cuestionario reporta coeficientes de alfa ordinal desde 0.88 a 0.926 entre sus dimensiones. Se concluye que SEV es válido para medir la satisfacción de la enseñanza virtual en alumnos de educación secundaria., Satisfaction with e-learning is a key factor in students' assessment of the educational services they receive. Therefore, it is necessary to measure it on an ongoing basis using validated instruments. The objective was to design and validate a questionnaire to measure satisfaction with e-learning (SEV) in secondary school students. The design started with a literature review, followed by open interviews via telephone with teachers and students. The content of the questionnaire, in its first version of 27 items, was corrected through the opinion of five experts and a pilot sample. Subsequently, construct validation was carried out with a sample of 572 students divided into two groups of 286 from seven schools in the Tacna region (Peru). The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) reported a model of seven (7) emerging factors grouping 22 items. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) validated a plausible model (X2 /g.l. = 2.219, p = 0.0000, CFI = 0.952, TLI = 0.939 and RMSEA = 0.073) of six factors (ICT management, availability of virtual media, evaluation, school work, teaching methodology and school bonding) with 19 items. The reliability analysis of the questionnaire reports ordinal alpha coefficients ranging from 0.88 to 0.926 among its dimensions. It is concluded that SEV is valid for measuring satisfaction with e-learning among secondary school students.