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Using three theory-based performance criteria as decision attributes, we conducted a conjoint analysis experiment with 105 social venture founder-CEOs to examine their decisions to exit their firms voluntarily. Multilevel regression analysis of founders' choices revealed that various exit preferences were chosen that did not support theoretical prescriptions. While achieving desired social impact was the main influence on founder exit choices, the heterogeneity of exit preferences led us to parcel them into four distinct groups: idealists, traditionalists, realists, and pragmatists. We discuss our contributions to the entrepreneurial exit and social entrepreneurship research literature and list the implications of our results for practice.

Product bundling is receiving increasing attention in sustainable agricultural development as a means to ensure access to and enhance the uptake of, agricultural technologies by smallholders. Yet, the how and why of bundling for smallholders are not well-understood. The current paper, therefore, brings bundling theory from the marketing literature to the smallholder context. We use a conjoint experiment, a proven marketing technique for designing new products, services and bundles, to design agricultural input and service bundles for soybean-producing smallholders in rural Ethiopia. The empirical findings from 252 smallholders suggest that product bundling enhances smallholders’ preferences and hence intentions to adopt technologies but that bundles must be designed carefully following a smallholder-centric approach. Drawing on our findings and the literature, we delineate the different steps that need to be taken to develop bundles for the successful uptake of new technologies by smallholders.

Current source selection procedures have exposed the Department of Defense (DoD) to increased protest risk. This, in part, is due to contradictions in the U.S. government’s stated order of importance for acquisition evaluation criteria (pre-award) versus its actual choice behavior during source selection, as Butler found in 2014. The objectives of this MBA project included the following: 1) Determine the degree of disconnect between stated preferences during pre-award acquisition phase and actual choice behavior in source selections. 2) Develop an understanding of quality attributes for logistics-based services. 3) Provide a Choice-Based Conjoint (CBC) framework that could be utilized to enhance source selection criteria development. Methodology included interviews and spend analysis techniques to identify quality attributes of logistics-based acquisitions. Then, after the attributes were identified, they were employed to develop a CBC model that calculated the attribute utilities and relative importance for each attribute. Using these important scores, the disconnect between stated preferences and choice behavior was found. None of the subjects in this investigative study could accurately order attribute importance in stated form to match their actual choices in simulated source selections. This report offers a framework and methods to mitigate the weaknesses found in developing evaluation attribute importance from stated preferences and reduce the risks of protests., Outstanding Thesis, First Lieutenant, United States Air Force, Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

The mining industry makes up a large portion of the gross domestic product (GDP) in Australia, although securing human resources remains a problem in that field. The aim of this paper is to identify Australian university mining students' preferences, considering it as potential employees' preferences, for labour conditions at mining sites by means of a discrete choice experiment to promote efficient improvements in labour conditions in the mining industry. The data of 93 respondents analysed in this paper was collected by survey carried out in two universities in Australia. The result of the study showed that students have preferences on several factors such as wage, fatality rate, working position, commuting style, and company. Students having specific sociodemographic characters were found to show specific preferences on labour conditions. The results of this study indicate the potential average of appropriate monetary compensation for each factor.

PURPOSE: Didactic lectures are a commonly used educational tool during urology residency training. Recently, there has been a rapid introduction of online, collaborative didactics as a new model for resident teaching. The aim of this study is to determine which attributes of didactics education are most preferred by contemporary urology trainees. METHODS: Urology trainees were invited to complete an online choice-based exercise assessing combinations of four attributes associated with didactics education: mode of communication, learning style, presenter credentials, and curriculum design. The survey was distributed via social media platforms and the Urology Collaborative Online Video Didactics (COViD) website. A choice-based conjoint analysis was used to identify how the trainees valued different combinations of didactic education. RESULTS: Seventy-three trainees completed the conjoint analysis exercise. Mode of communication was rated as significantly more important than curriculum design (relative importance 28.6% vs. 19.9%). Overall, the majority preferred online/virtual presentations to in-person presentations. Respondents preferred national experts to faculty members from their local institutions, and preferred cased based lectures to didactics style lectures. A nationally standardized curriculum was also preferred over curriculum designed by local institutions. Finally, when segmented by level of training, there was increased preference for overall favored options as PGY year increased. CONCLUSION: This conjoint analysis shows clear preference by trainees for online, recorded didactics, nationally standardized with national experts, and preferably in a case-based format. Academic societies in urology and program directors should consider utilizing the shared experience of previously created collaborative online lectures in developing future didactic curriculum that can meet the needs of current trainees.

IntroductionThe patient's voice in shared decision-making has progressed from physician's office to regulatory decision-making for medical devices with FDA's Patient Preference Initiative. A discrete-choice preference measure for upper limb prosthetic devices was developed to investigate patient's risk/benefit preference choices for regulatory decision making.MethodsRapid ethnographic procedures were used to design a discrete-choice measure describing risk and benefits of osseointegration with myoelectric control and test in a pilot preference study in adults with upper limb loss. Primary outcome is utility of each choice based conjoint (CBC) attribute using mixed-effects regression. Utilities with and without video, and between genders were compared.ResultsStrongest negative preference was for avoiding infection risk (B = -1.77, p < 0.001) and chance of daily pain (B = -1.22, p, 0.001). Strongest positive preference was for attaining complete independence when cooking dinner (B = 1.62, p < 0.001) and smooth grip patterns at all levels (B = 1.62, B = 1.28, B = 1.26, p < 0.001). Trade-offs showed a 1% increase in risk of serious/treatable infection resulted in a 1.77 decrease in relative preference. There were gender differences, and where video was used, preferences were stronger.ConclusionsStrongest preferences were for attributes of functionality and independence versus connectedness and sensation but showed willingness to make risk-benefit trade-offs. Findings provide valuable information for regulatory benefit-risk decisions for prosthetic device innovations.Trial registrationThis study is not a clinical trial reporting results of a health care intervention so is not registered.

Purpose: Thisstudy was to determine the preference of the Indonesian for the presence of electric vehicles. In addition, can provide information to EV manufactures, they can produce EV according to the preference of Indonesian. Theoretical framework:Thisstudy is a development of previous studies, which was measured through five attributes: purchase price, driving range, availability of charging station, incentive policies, and type of vehicle load. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research is quantitative. Moreover, a questionnaire was used to collect data for this research. The data where then processed using conjoint analysis techniques with SPSS Version 27 software. Findings: The results demonstrated that price was the most important attribute, Rp.300,000,000 wasthe most useful level, and stimulus card number 9 wasthe most preferred combination.This combination includesan EV with a price ofRp.300,000,000, a range of 500 km, the availability of medium battery charging, an incentive of 1%–2%, and a type and load of 5 seats. Research, Practical & Social implications: EVmanufacturers should produce and develop EV by taking into consideration the needs and abilities of Indonesians, especially at purchase prices that should be adjusted to the economic value of people’s income.Adding another attributes can develop research. Originality/Value: This study was first conducted to see the preferences of the Indonesian for EV whose attributes are adjusted to the real conditions in Indonesia. It can be a reference on academic knowladge and the next research.

This work aimed to study the response of Uruguayan consumers to cheeses with different nutritional and commercial characteristics and determine changes over the last decade. Conjoint analysis was used to establish the value that consumers gave to different health benefits (low-fat, salt-reduced, fibre-enriched, probiotic) and to different manufacturing processes (traditional and industrial) for two different types of cheese (spreadable and semi-soft). Results indicated that consumers’ interest varied depending on the proposed health benefit. In general consumers’ interest in cheese with specific nutritional benefits was lower than for the regular product. Consumers were interested only in the low-fat cheeses with no change in 2010 and 2018. Manufacture type became significant between years, nowadays consumers are more interested in traditional manufacture. Consumer segmentation in 2018 showed that some groups were willing to consume cheeses with health benefits, among the different options, nowadays there are new opportunities for functionality in cheeses.

Conjoint analysis is one of the most popular methods to measure preferences of individuals or groups. It determines, for instance, the degree how much consumers like or value specific products, which then leads to a purchase decision. In particular, the method discovers the utilities that (product) attributes add to the overall utility of a product (or stimuli). Conjoint analysis has emerged from the traditional rating- or ranking-based method in marketing to a general experimental method to study individual’s discrete choice behavior with the choice-based conjoint variant. It is therefore not limited to classical applications in marketing, such as new product development, pricing, branding, or market simulations, but can be applied to study research questions from related disciplines, for instance, how marketing managers choose their ad campaign, how managers select internationalization options, why consumers engage in or react to social media, etc. This chapter describes comprehensively the “state-of-the-art” of conjoint analysis and choice-based conjoint experiments and related estimation procedures.

A visually appetising and vegetable-rich dish can be an alternative to the traditional dish for well-functioning older consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate older people’s evaluations towards dishes by incorporating dish attributes (main course, potatoes, vegetables, and dish label) with novel dish components. During the test, a total of 100 participants aged from 60 to 91 were invited to verbally rate their willingness to try, perceived familiarity and healthiness towards eight dish combinations presented randomly in the form of pictures. In the meanwhile, 31 participants’ eye motions for each dish picture were successfully recorded by an eye-tracker. Through conjoint analysis, main course and vegetables were found to have the highest influence on willingness to try, perceived familiarity, perceived healthiness, and total eye fixation time towards the dish. A labelled dish with meatballs, broccolis and plain potatoes was perceived as the most familiar dish. A dish with veggie balls, mixed vegetables and decorated potatoes was perceived as the healthiest. Older participants were most willing to try the dish consisting of mixed vegetables, veggie balls and decorated potatoes when the dish label was added. Females, who emphasised healthy eating and cared about price, variety, organic and health value of a dish were more willing to try veggie balls than meatballs. Regarding the eye metrics, most participants looked at the main course area first, and had the longest total eye fixation time on the dish valued as the healthiest. In the future, to meet older consumers’ demand for daily diet, appropriate selection of dish components with frequent food communication will be indispensable., LDORADO project ‘Preventing malnour- ishment and promoting well-being in the elderly at home through personalized cost-effective food and meal supply’ supported by grant (4105-00009B) from the Innovation Fund Denmark., LDORADO project ‘Preventing malnourishment and promoting well-being in the elderly at home through personalized cost-effective food and meal supply’

The presence of Smart Technology is becoming more prevalent in our homes with the rise of the Internet of Things. Although this technology is said to ease everyday chores and make our homes safer, the adoption has been slower than first anticipated by researchers. Studies have shown that the relatively low diffusion of this technology can, to some extent, be explained by cost barriers, technology anxiety, lack of technical ‘know-how’ and the perceived risks associated with a digital upgrade. However, there is surprisingly limited information on homeowners’ willingness to pay for Smart Home Technology (SHT) and, in particular, comfort and security appliances currently on offer on the market. This thesis aims to fill that gap and create a broader understanding of what attributes respondents value when making a purchasing decision. By applying a metric-based conjoint analysis model to primary data collected through a web-based survey, sent to condominium owners in Sweden, the authors of this study show what the optimal Smart Home bundle should comprise of, and how much homeowners are willing to pay. The results show that there is a willingness to adopt premium articles currently on offer on the market although, the willingness to pay for these solutions are relatively low. Moreover, although consumer make a trade-off between different attributes when making a purchasing decision, this study shows that price heavily outweighs other attributes in the case of comfort and security SHTs. A cluster analysis also showed a difference of preferences within the sample set, indicating that companies aiming to sell bundled SHTs should offer a variety of bundles to account for different consumer needs and perceived uses. Additionally, SHT bundles should be complemented with additional services that distinguish the products from other appliances sold on the market., I samband med den snabba utvecklingen av Internet of Things har Smarta Hem-lösningar blivit en vanligare syn i våra hem. Trots att detta har utvecklingen inte skett lika snabbt som många forskare först förväntat sig. Den relativa låga adoptionsgraden har i litteraturen beskrivits som ett resultat av höga kostnader, en generell skepticism mot den nya tekniken, att hemägare saknar kunskapen som krävs för att installera tekniken, kompatibilitetsproblem mellan leverantörer, och de upplevda riskerna med att koppla upp sitt hem till internet. Trots det breda utbudet av forsknings inom ämnet, saknas studier om vad bostadsägare är villiga att betala för den nya tekniken och, i synnerhet, de säkerhets- och komfort-produkter som idag erbjuds på marknaden. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är därför att undersöka kunders betalningsvilja för paketerade Smarta Hem-produkter och skapa en djupare förståelse för vilka attribut konsumenter värdesätter vid ett köpbeslut. Genom att applicera en Conjoint Analys-modell (Conjoint Analysis Model på engelska) på primärdata insamlad genom en webenkät, som skickats till bostadsrättsägare i Sverige, kan författarna av den här studien visa hur Smarta Hem-lösningar ska paketeras och vad kunderna är villiga att betala för dem. Resultaten visar att konsumenter är intresserade av premium-artiklar så som övervakningskameror, robotdammsugare och smarta högtalare. Däremot är betalningsviljan är relativt låg. Studien visar också att respondenter gör en avvägning mellan olika attribut när de ska köpa en produkt. Jämfört med säkerhet och komfort är pris-attributet av störst vikt när vid ett köpbeslut. En klusteranalys av testgruppen visar också att det finns skillnader i preferenser inom testgruppen. Företag som vill sälja paketerade Smarta Hem-lösningar borde därför diversifiera utbudet för att möta konsumenternas olika behov och erbjuda komplementära tjänster som ökar värdet på utbudet.

Development is currently being driven towards products that are linked to sustainability. Products with a positive imprint in sustainability are becoming increasingly valuable to consumers, which in turn creates increased value for producers and suppliers. The current pricing tools do not have room to consider the value of the sustainable properties of new products. This is something that the wood industry is following and is now facing the challenge of estimating the value of sustainable production. The study aims to estimate a value for environmentally/climate-friendly products in the wood industry from a customer perspective. This has been done by performing a conjoint analysis using PAPRIKA (Potentially All Pairwise Rankings of all possible Alternatives), to determine the relative importance of 6 product properties. The results of the study show that price is the most important property of wooden floor decking. The mean weight of the 6 attributes included in the study is; price (25,0%), aging (21,9%), maintenance intervals (16,9%), climate impact (16,9%), dimensional stability (10,2%) and biocides (9,1%). The conclusion of the results is if the purpose is to cover the majority of consumers, several different products with different properties should be produced. The results also indicate that the weight for sustainability attributes can increase if the consumer becomes more informed and gains a broader knowledge of the meaning of the properties., Utvecklingen drivs just nu mot produkter som anknyts till hållbarhet. Produkter med ett positivt avtryck inom hållbarhet blir allt mer värdefull för konsumenten vilket i sin tur skapar ett ökat värde för producenter och leverantörer. De nuvarande verktygen för prissättning har inte utrymme att överväga värdet för hållbara egenskaper hos nya produkter. Denna utveckling är en central del inom träindustrin, som nu står inför utmaningen att estimera värdet av en hållbar produktion. Studien syftar att estimera ett värde för miljö-/klimatvänliga produkter inom träindustrin från ett kundperspektiv. Detta har gjorts genom att utföra en conjointanalys med användandet av PAPRIKA (Potentially All Pairwise RanKings of all possible Alternatives), för att bestämma den relativa betydelsen för 6 produktegenskaper. Resultatet av studien visar att priset är den viktigaste egenskapen hos trallvirke. Medelvikten för de 6 egenskaperna som inkluderats i studien är; pris (25,0%), åldring (21,9%), underhållsintervall (16,9%), fossilt kolspår (16,9%), dimensionsstabilitet (10,2%) och biocider (9,1%). Slutsatsen av studiens resultat är om sortimentet för trallprodukter ska täcka majoriteten av konsumenterna, bör man ha flera olika produkter med olika egenskaper. Resultatet tyder också på att vikten för hållbarhetsattributen kan öka ifall konsumenten blir mer informerad och får en bredare kunskap om egenskapernas innebörd.

We assess whether and how VC investors’ education and experience influence their screening decisions of potential investee candidates. Empirically, we perform an experimental choice-based-conjoint (CBC) analysis with 564 individual VC investors. Our results highlight that the level and field of education, as well as the decision maker’s investment and entrepreneurial experience, moderate the relative importance of different screening criteria. More specifically, we find that international scalability seems to become more important for decision makers with higher education and those with entrepreneurial experience. Whereas decision makers with a background in natural science focus on the value-added of the product or service, engineers seem to value a break even profitability and focus less on the management team. Investment experience, on the other hand, leads to a stronger focus on the management team. Our study contributes to the literature investigating the influence of human capital characteristics of the decision maker in venture financing. Practical implications exist for entrepreneurial ventures seeking financing and for risk capital investors making investments in such ventures.

Researchers and practitioners in marketing, economics, and public policy often use preference elicitation tasks to forecast real-world behaviors. These tasks typically ask a series of similarly structured questions. The authors posit that every time a respondent answers an additional elicitation question, two things happen: (1) they provide information about some parameter(s) of interest, such as their time preference or the partworth for a product attribute, and (2) the respondent increasingly “adapts” to the task—that is, using task-specific decision processes specialized for this task that may or may not apply to other tasks. Importantly, adaptation comes at the cost of potential mismatch between the task-specific decision process and real-world processes that generate the target behaviors, such that asking more questions can reduce external validity. The authors used mouse and eye tracking to trace decision processes in time preference measurement and conjoint choice tasks. Respondents increasingly relied on task-specific decision processes as more questions were asked, leading to reduced external validity for both related tasks and real-world behaviors. Importantly, the external validity of measured preferences peaked after as few as seven questions in both types of tasks. When measuring preferences, less can be more.

We assess whether and how VC investors’ education and experience influence their screening decisions of potential investee candidates. Empirically, we perform an experimental choice-based-conjoint (CBC) analysis with 564 individual VC investors. Our results highlight that the level and field of education, as well as the decision maker’s investment and entrepreneurial experience, moderate the relative importance of different screening criteria. More specifically, we find that international scalability seems to become more important for decision makers with higher education and those with entrepreneurial experience. Whereas decision makers with a background in natural science focus on the value-added of the product or service, engineers seem to value a break even profitability and focus less on the management team. Investment experience, on the other hand, leads to a stronger focus on the management team. Our study contributes to the literature investigating the influence of human capital characteristics of the decision maker in venture financing. Practical implications exist for entrepreneurial ventures seeking financing and for risk capital investors making investments in such ventures.

The presence of Smart Technology is becoming more prevalent in our homes with the rise of the Internet of Things. Although this technology is said to ease everyday chores and make our homes safer, the adoption has been slower than first anticipated by researchers. Studies have shown that the relatively low diffusion of this technology can, to some extent, be explained by cost barriers, technology anxiety, lack of technical ‘know-how’ and the perceived risks associated with a digital upgrade. However, there is surprisingly limited information on homeowners’ willingness to pay for Smart Home Technology (SHT) and, in particular, comfort and security appliances currently on offer on the market. This thesis aims to fill that gap and create a broader understanding of what attributes respondents value when making a purchasing decision. By applying a metric-based conjoint analysis model to primary data collected through a web-based survey, sent to condominium owners in Sweden, the authors of this study show what the optimal Smart Home bundle should comprise of, and how much homeowners are willing to pay. The results show that there is a willingness to adopt premium articles currently on offer on the market although, the willingness to pay for these solutions are relatively low. Moreover, although consumer make a trade-off between different attributes when making a purchasing decision, this study shows that price heavily outweighs other attributes in the case of comfort and security SHTs. A cluster analysis also showed a difference of preferences within the sample set, indicating that companies aiming to sell bundled SHTs should offer a variety of bundles to account for different consumer needs and perceived uses. Additionally, SHT bundles should be complemented with additional services that distinguish the products from other appliances sold on the market., I samband med den snabba utvecklingen av Internet of Things har Smarta Hem-lösningar blivit en vanligare syn i våra hem. Trots att detta har utvecklingen inte skett lika snabbt som många forskare först förväntat sig. Den relativa låga adoptionsgraden har i litteraturen beskrivits som ett resultat av höga kostnader, en generell skepticism mot den nya tekniken, att hemägare saknar kunskapen som krävs för att installera tekniken, kompatibilitetsproblem mellan leverantörer, och de upplevda riskerna med att koppla upp sitt hem till internet. Trots det breda utbudet av forsknings inom ämnet, saknas studier om vad bostadsägare är villiga att betala för den nya tekniken och, i synnerhet, de säkerhets- och komfort-produkter som idag erbjuds på marknaden. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är därför att undersöka kunders betalningsvilja för paketerade Smarta Hem-produkter och skapa en djupare förståelse för vilka attribut konsumenter värdesätter vid ett köpbeslut. Genom att applicera en Conjoint Analys-modell (Conjoint Analysis Model på engelska) på primärdata insamlad genom en webenkät, som skickats till bostadsrättsägare i Sverige, kan författarna av den här studien visa hur Smarta Hem-lösningar ska paketeras och vad kunderna är villiga att betala för dem. Resultaten visar att konsumenter är intresserade av premium-artiklar så som övervakningskameror, robotdammsugare och smarta högtalare. Däremot är betalningsviljan är relativt låg. Studien visar också att respondenter gör en avvägning mellan olika attribut när de ska köpa en produkt. Jämfört med säkerhet och komfort är pris-attributet av störst vikt när vid ett köpbeslut. En klusteranalys av testgruppen visar också att det finns skillnader i preferenser inom testgruppen. Företag som vill sälja paketerade Smarta Hem-lösningar borde därför diversifiera utbudet för att möta konsumenternas olika behov och erbjuda komplementära tjänster som ökar värdet på utbudet.

Development is currently being driven towards products that are linked to sustainability. Products with a positive imprint in sustainability are becoming increasingly valuable to consumers, which in turn creates increased value for producers and suppliers. The current pricing tools do not have room to consider the value of the sustainable properties of new products. This is something that the wood industry is following and is now facing the challenge of estimating the value of sustainable production. The study aims to estimate a value for environmentally/climate-friendly products in the wood industry from a customer perspective. This has been done by performing a conjoint analysis using PAPRIKA (Potentially All Pairwise Rankings of all possible Alternatives), to determine the relative importance of 6 product properties. The results of the study show that price is the most important property of wooden floor decking. The mean weight of the 6 attributes included in the study is; price (25,0%), aging (21,9%), maintenance intervals (16,9%), climate impact (16,9%), dimensional stability (10,2%) and biocides (9,1%). The conclusion of the results is if the purpose is to cover the majority of consumers, several different products with different properties should be produced. The results also indicate that the weight for sustainability attributes can increase if the consumer becomes more informed and gains a broader knowledge of the meaning of the properties., Utvecklingen drivs just nu mot produkter som anknyts till hållbarhet. Produkter med ett positivt avtryck inom hållbarhet blir allt mer värdefull för konsumenten vilket i sin tur skapar ett ökat värde för producenter och leverantörer. De nuvarande verktygen för prissättning har inte utrymme att överväga värdet för hållbara egenskaper hos nya produkter. Denna utveckling är en central del inom träindustrin, som nu står inför utmaningen att estimera värdet av en hållbar produktion. Studien syftar att estimera ett värde för miljö-/klimatvänliga produkter inom träindustrin från ett kundperspektiv. Detta har gjorts genom att utföra en conjointanalys med användandet av PAPRIKA (Potentially All Pairwise RanKings of all possible Alternatives), för att bestämma den relativa betydelsen för 6 produktegenskaper. Resultatet av studien visar att priset är den viktigaste egenskapen hos trallvirke. Medelvikten för de 6 egenskaperna som inkluderats i studien är; pris (25,0%), åldring (21,9%), underhållsintervall (16,9%), fossilt kolspår (16,9%), dimensionsstabilitet (10,2%) och biocider (9,1%). Slutsatsen av studiens resultat är om sortimentet för trallprodukter ska täcka majoriteten av konsumenterna, bör man ha flera olika produkter med olika egenskaper. Resultatet tyder också på att vikten för hållbarhetsattributen kan öka ifall konsumenten blir mer informerad och får en bredare kunskap om egenskapernas innebörd.

The use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention within the U.S. military is low. Implementing preference-based alternative modalities of PrEP delivery, however, can be an innovative strategy to address the specific barriers to PrEP uptake among military MSM. We sought to identify population-based, segment-specific preferences for longer-acting and alternative PrEP delivery modalities to guide patient-centered strategies to optimize uptake within military-serving healthcare systems. HIV-negative military men who have sex with men (MSM) completed an anonymous, adaptive choice-based conjoint (ACBC) analysis survey consisting of five key attributes of interest (dosing method, provider type, visit location, lab work evaluation location, and dispensing venue). Relative importance and part-worth utility scores were generated using Hierarchical Bayes (HB) estimation, and cluster ensemble analysis grouped participants into "phenotype" segments by preference similarity. The randomized first-choice model was then used to examine changes in program interest rates among segments through market simulation. The 429 participants were segmented into five preference groups. The dosing method attribute was found to be the most important to nearly all segments. Simulations revealed that PrEP program interest among two segments with low interest levels increased when smartphone, civilian-based, and long-acting injectable PrEP options were involved. Findings also suggested a need for clinics to be responsive and sensitive to sexual practices, risk perception, and functional PrEP knowledge. Responsiveness to segment-specific preferences in the design of military PrEP programs and acting on the importance of clinical relationships within the context of PrEP engagement within a military setting may contribute to increasing PrEP uptake.

Existe una presión creciente para que se aumente la productividad del profesorado universitario, cuya medida se enfoca principalmente en la publicación de artículos científicos en revistas de alto impacto. Este trabajo pretende aportar datos empíricos para comprender el comportamiento adaptativo de la mayoría del profesorado universitario a esas presiones. Mediante un método mixto de indagación —se utiliza la técnica del cuestionario clásico junto con el análisis conjunto— en una muestra no aleatoria de 153 participantes de universidades españolas y americanas, se analiza la situación laboral, la interpretación ideológica de la institución, y las preferencias de publicación de los encuestados. Los resultados muestran el marcado interés del profesorado entrevistado por la investigación y la publicación frente a la docencia y, sobre todo, frente al trabajo de extensión universitaria. Las conclusiones, no obstante, evidencian que no hay una respuesta unívoca a la presión por publicar: junto al rasgo destacado de marcar como primera preferencia el deseo por publicar en las revistas del primer cuartil JCR, aparece otro grupo que expresa la aspiración de que su trabajo tenga utilidad social. Este hecho permite albergar la esperanza de articular una respuesta académica a la presión competitiva y el logro del éxito, definido en criterios formales de publicación., There is growing pressure to increase the productivity of university teaching staff, measured, as a priority, in the generation of scientific articles published in prestigious journals. This work aims to provide empirical data to understand the adaptive behavior to these pressures of the majority of university faculty. Through a mixed method of investigation (the classical questionnaire technique is used together with the conjoint analysis) in a non-random sample of 153 participants from Spanish and American universities, the employment situation, the ideological interpretation of the institution and the publication preferences of those surveyed are analysed. The results show the interest of the teachers interviewed in research and publication as opposed to teaching and, above all, university extension work. The conclusions, however, show that there is no univocal response to the pressure to publish: along with the prominent feature of the first preference for publication in JCR first quartile journals, there is another group that expresses the aspiration for their work to be of social utility. This fact gives rise to the hope of articulating an academic response to competitive pressure and the achievement of success, defined in formal publication criteria.

Existe una presión creciente para que se aumente la productividad del profesorado universitario, cuya medida se enfoca principalmente en la publicación de artículos científicos en revistas de alto impacto. Este trabajo pretende aportar datos empíricos para comprender el comportamiento adaptativo de la mayoría del profesorado universitario a esas presiones. Mediante un método mixto de indagación —se utiliza la técnica del cuestionario clásico junto con el análisis conjunto— en una muestra no aleatoria de 153 participantes de universidades españolas y americanas, se analiza la situación laboral, la interpretación ideológica de la institución, y las preferencias de publicación de los encuestados. Los resultados muestran el marcado interés del profesorado entrevistado por la investigación y la publicación frente a la docencia y, sobre todo, frente al trabajo de extensión universitaria. Las conclusiones, no obstante, evidencian que no hay una respuesta unívoca a la presión por publicar: junto al rasgo destacado de marcar como primera preferencia el deseo por publicar en las revistas del primer cuartil JCR, aparece otro grupo que expresa la aspiración de que su trabajo tenga utilidad social. Este hecho permite albergar la esperanza de articular una respuesta académica a la presión competitiva y el logro del éxito, definido en criterios formales de publicación., There is growing pressure to increase the productivity of university teaching staff, measured, as a priority, in the generation of scientific articles published in prestigious journals. This work aims to provide empirical data to understand the adaptive behavior to these pressures of the majority of university faculty. Through a mixed method of investigation (the classical questionnaire technique is used together with the conjoint analysis) in a non-random sample of 153 participants from Spanish and American universities, the employment situation, the ideological interpretation of the institution and the publication preferences of those surveyed are analysed. The results show the interest of the teachers interviewed in research and publication as opposed to teaching and, above all, university extension work. The conclusions, however, show that there is no univocal response to the pressure to publish: along with the prominent feature of the first preference for publication in JCR first quartile journals, there is another group that expresses the aspiration for their work to be of social utility. This fact gives rise to the hope of articulating an academic response to competitive pressure and the achievement of success, defined in formal publication criteria.

Existe una presión creciente para que se aumente la productividad del profesorado universitario, cuya medida se enfoca principalmente en la publicación de artículos científicos en revistas de alto impacto. Este trabajo pretende aportar datos empíricos para comprender el comportamiento adaptativo de la mayoría del profesorado universitario a esas presiones. Mediante un método mixto de indagación —se utiliza la técnica del cuestionario clásico junto con el análisis conjunto— en una muestra no aleatoria de 153 participantes de universidades españolas y americanas, se analiza la situación laboral, la interpretación ideológica de la institución, y las preferencias de publicación de los encuestados. Los resultados muestran el marcado interés del profesorado entrevistado por la investigación y la publicación frente a la docencia y, sobre todo, frente al trabajo de extensión universitaria. Las conclusiones, no obstante, evidencian que no hay una respuesta unívoca a la presión por publicar: junto al rasgo destacado de marcar como primera preferencia el deseo por publicar en las revistas del primer cuartil JCR, aparece otro grupo que expresa la aspiración de que su trabajo tenga utilidad social. Este hecho permite albergar la esperanza de articular una respuesta académica a la presión competitiva y el logro del éxito, definido en criterios formales de publicación., There is growing pressure to increase the productivity of university teaching staff, measured, as a priority, in the generation of scientific articles published in prestigious journals. This work aims to provide empirical data to understand the adaptive behavior to these pressures of the majority of university faculty. Through a mixed method of investigation (the classical questionnaire technique is used together with the conjoint analysis) in a non-random sample of 153 participants from Spanish and American universities, the employment situation, the ideological interpretation of the institution and the publication preferences of those surveyed are analysed. The results show the interest of the teachers interviewed in research and publication as opposed to teaching and, above all, university extension work. The conclusions, however, show that there is no univocal response to the pressure to publish: along with the prominent feature of the first preference for publication in JCR first quartile journals, there is another group that expresses the aspiration for their work to be of social utility. This fact gives rise to the hope of articulating an academic response to competitive pressure and the achievement of success, defined in formal publication criteria.

Conjoint analysis is one of the most popular methods to measure preferences of individuals or groups. It determines, for instance, the degree how much consumers like or value specific products, which then leads to a purchase decision. In particular, the method discovers the utilities that (product) attributes add to the overall utility of a product (or stimuli). Conjoint analysis has emerged from the traditional rating- or ranking-based method in marketing to a general experimental method to study individual’s discrete choice behavior with the choice-based conjoint variant. It is therefore not limited to classical applications in marketing, such as new product development, pricing, branding, or market simulations, but can be applied to study research questions from related disciplines, for instance, how marketing managers choose their ad campaign, how managers select internationalization options, why consumers engage in or react to social media, etc. This chapter describes comprehensively the “state-of-the-art” of conjoint analysis and choice-based conjoint experiments and related estimation procedures.

The literature on social acceptance of wind energy has identified several important characteristics shaping the social acceptance of a planned project. These include distributional and procedural justice, as well as other project-related factors. Project characteristics do not exist in isolation and influence one another. Furthermore, social acceptance of wind energy is likely to vary geographically, due to cross-country differences. As a result, the need for more consistent cross-country comparisons has been highlighted in the literature as an important research gap. The current paper addresses this gap with the help of a large-scale cross-country analysis (N = 2003) that examines the social acceptance of wind energy projects in Switzerland, Estonia, and Ukraine through choice experiments. Our analysis shows some exploratory evidence for country-specific differences: A tradition of direct democratic decision-making might lead to placing more emphasis on procedural justice, and we also identify some early evidence for differences between individualist and collectivist countries in terms of preferences for distributional justice. However, we also find that ecological impact was the most important attribute in all three countries, and respondents tend to appreciate local ownership. We conclude that projects should be developed by local actors and remain friendly to wildlife – keeping them local and bird-friendly.

A visually appetising and vegetable-rich dish can be an alternative to the traditional dish for well-functioning older consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate older people's evaluations towards dishes by incorporating dish attributes (main course, potatoes, vegetables, and dish label) with novel dish components. During the test, a total of 100 participants aged from 60 to 91 were invited to verbally rate their willingness to try, perceived familiarity and healthiness towards eight dish combinations presented randomly in the form of pictures. In the meanwhile, 31 participants’ eye motions for each dish picture were successfully recorded by an eye-tracker. Through conjoint analysis, main course and vegetables were found to have the highest influence on willingness to try, perceived familiarity, perceived healthiness, and total eye fixation time towards the dish. A labelled dish with meatballs, broccolis and plain potatoes was perceived as the most familiar dish. A dish with veggie balls, mixed vegetables and decorated potatoes was perceived as the healthiest. Older participants were most willing to try the dish consisting of mixed vegetables, veggie balls and decorated potatoes when the dish label was added. Females, who emphasised healthy eating and cared about price, variety, organic and health value of a dish were more willing to try veggie balls than meatballs. Regarding the eye metrics, most participants looked at the main course area first, and had the longest total eye fixation time on the dish valued as the healthiest. In the future, to meet older consumers’ demand for daily diet, appropriate selection of dish components with frequent food communication will be indispensable.

Recent years have seen a renaissance of conjoint survey designs within social science. To date, however, researchers have lacked guidance on how many attributes they can include within conjoint profiles before survey satisficing leads to unacceptable declines in response quality. This paper addresses that question using pre-registered, two-stage experiments examining choices among hypothetical candidates for US Senate or hotel rooms. In each experiment, we use the first stage to identify attributes which are perceived to be uncorrelated with the attribute of interest, so that their effects are not masked by those of the core attributes. In the second stage, we randomly assign respondents to conjoint designs with varying numbers of those filler attributes. We report the results of these experiments implemented via Amazon's Mechanical Turk and Survey Sampling International. They demonstrate that our core quantities of interest are generally stable, with relatively modest increases in survey satisficing when respondents face large numbers of attributes.

The necessity of pedestrian-friendly environments is evident when looking at the multitude of benefits that it offers. These benefits include improved social integration, stimulating economic growth, and accessibility. The safety of pedestrians is not guaranteed, with a third of all road fatalities on South African roads being pedestrian fatalities. With the increased urbanisation among people from rural areas, there is a need for the development of safer non-motorised transport, especially because two-thirds of the population rely on walking as a mode of transport. In central areas of cities, effort has been done to enhance the walkability of the area, however, residential areas are often last on the list when it comes to the implementation of appropriate sidewalk infrastructure. It is observed that, although dangerous, pedestrians in residential areas increasingly use the roadway for walking. Sidewalks form an integral part of efforts to facilitate pedestrian access, which, in turn, support an effective and successful transportation network. This study examined the most essential attributes that contribute to the walkability of residential areas. More specifically, this study evaluated the factors contributing to the use or avoidance of sidewalks in residential areas. For this purpose, a case-study was performed in a residential area where the problem of pedestrians using the roadway was identified to be quite severe. To this end, the residential area of Universitas in Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa was selected. A survey research methodology was followed, where data was collected through questionnaires and physical surveys. This study also employed a Conjoint Analysis technique, which is a multivariate technique used to understand an individual’s preference, in order to identify the levels of importance with regards to sidewalk attributes. The Conjoint Analysis was used to objectively identify and categorise sidewalk attributes (walkable width, number of

Дипломна робота на тему: «Доцільність виведення нової послуги компанії Projector на освітній ринок» складається із вступу, трьох розділів, висновків, списку використаних джерел та двох додатків. Робота виконана на 132 сторінках та містить 31 таблиць, 27 рисунків, 3 додатки, та 82 найменування використаних джерел. Метою даної роботи є визначення доцільності виведення нової послуги компанії Projector на освітній ринок для збільшення частки споживачів серед абітурієнтів. Для отримання інформації було проведено дослідження, для яких обрано методи: ситуаційного аналізу для визначення маркетингової управлінської проблеми; кабінетного дослідження, де проаналізовані конкуренти, що працюють з аудиторією абітурієнтів, польового дослідження, що полягало у аналізі споживчої поведінки, а також у опитуванні потенційних споживачів за допомогою conjoint аналізу для визначення найважливіших характеристик товару. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів полягає у тому, що для проведення якісного дослідження було адаптовано методологію проведення фокус груп з урахуванням специфіки освітнього ринку, а для кількісного дослідження запропоновано використання conjoint аналізу для виявлення найбільш привабливого профілю з урахуванням особливостей послуг. Одержані результати дослідження можуть бути використані у діяльності компанії Projector для впровадження нових послуг на освітній ринок., Thesis on the topic: «Advisability of launching a new service of Projector company info the educational market» through the introduction, three sections, conclusions, a list of sources used and two appendices. The work is performed on 132 pages and contains 31 tables, 27 figures, 3 additional elements and 82 names of sources used. The purpose of this work is to determine the feasibility of introducing a new service company Projector on the educational market to increase the share of consumers among applicants. To obtain information, research was conducted, for which the following methods were selected: situational analysis to determine the marketing management problem; desk research, which analyzed competitors working with the audience of entrants, field research, which consisted of the analysis of consumer behavior, as well as a survey of potential consumers using conjoint analysis to determine the most important characteristics of the product. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is that the methodology of focus groups was adapted for qualitative research taking into account the specifics of the educational market, and for quantitative research the use of conjoint analysis to identify the most attractive profile taking into account the features of services. The results of the study can be used in the activities of Projector to introduce new services to the educational market.

Impact investors pursue both financial and social goals and have become an important source of funding for social enterprises. Our study assesses impact investor criteria when screening social enterprises. Applying an experimental conjoint analysis to a sample of 179 impact investors, we find that the three most important criteria are the authenticity

What preferences do people have for cooperation between high and lower-income countries on irregular migration and refugee protection? Despite the increase in the number and breadth of cross-country cooperation agreements in this policy area, we know little about people’s preferences for such policies. This paper addresses this question in the context of the EU-Turkey ‘migration deal’ agreed in 2016. We conduct cross-country conjoint experiments in Germany, Greece, and Turkey to shed light on the types of policies that generate public support for cross-country cooperation on irregular migration and refugee protection. Our respondents are favorable to several core features of the current EU-Turkey migration deal regarding the return of irregular migrants, financial aid to refugees in Turkey, and the intensity of Turkish border controls. We also find evidence of public support for cooperation on resettlement and EU support to Greece to deal with migration. In certain aspects of cooperation, public preferences seem to respond to interactions between policy dimensions. For example, German public support for relocating refugees from Greece is enhanced if there are stepped-up border controls in Turkey. These findings have important implications for research on public attitudes to asylum and migration policies, ‘migration diplomacy’ in international relations, and public backlash against international cooperation more generally.

What preferences do people have for cooperation between high and lower-income countries on irregular migration and refugee protection? Despite the increase in the number and breadth of cross-country cooperation agreements in this policy area, we know little about people’s preferences for such policies. This paper addresses this question in the context of the EU-Turkey ‘migration deal’ agreed in 2016. We conduct cross-country conjoint experiments in Germany, Greece, and Turkey to shed light on the types of policies that generate public support for cross-country cooperation on irregular migration and refugee protection. Our respondents are favorable to several core features of the current EU-Turkey migration deal regarding the return of irregular migrants, financial aid to refugees in Turkey, and the intensity of Turkish border controls. We also find evidence of public support for cooperation on resettlement and EU support to Greece to deal with migration. In certain aspects of cooperation, public preferences seem to respond to interactions between policy dimensions. For example, German public support for relocating refugees from Greece is enhanced if there are stepped-up border controls in Turkey. These findings have important implications for research on public attitudes to asylum and migration policies, ‘migration diplomacy’ in international relations, and public backlash against international cooperation more generally.

What preferences do people have for cooperation between high and lower-income countries on irregular migration and refugee protection? Despite the increase in the number and breadth of cross-country cooperation agreements in this policy area, we know little about people’s preferences for such policies. This paper addresses this question in the context of the EU-Turkey ‘migration deal’ agreed in 2016. We conduct cross-country conjoint experiments in Germany, Greece, and Turkey to shed light on the types of policies that generate public support for cross-country cooperation on irregular migration and refugee protection. Our respondents are favorable to several core features of the current EU-Turkey migration deal regarding the return of irregular migrants, financial aid to refugees in Turkey, and the intensity of Turkish border controls. We also find evidence of public support for cooperation on resettlement and EU support to Greece to deal with migration. In certain aspects of cooperation, public preferences seem to respond to interactions between policy dimensions. For example, German public support for relocating refugees from Greece is enhanced if there are stepped-up border controls in Turkey. These findings have important implications for research on public attitudes to asylum and migration policies, ‘migration diplomacy’ in international relations, and public backlash against international cooperation more generally.

Background: The United States (US) is the only high-income country that has not mandated Graphic Warning Labels (GWLs) on cigarette packaging. Pack imagery is a key element of tobacco marketing aimed at generating brand appeal to encourage continued smoking. Removing industry imagery should neutralize reactions to packaging thus lessening appeal and weakening the product’s perceived value. Adding GWLs should go further and replace appeal with aversion thus generating negative responses and subtracting from perceived valuations. Methods: This dissertation consists of three studies using data from the CASA randomized controlled trial examining the effects of cigarette packaging on smoking cognitions and behavior. Study 1 quantified smokers’ initial reactions as they examined packaging design options (i.e., own US pack, Blank pack devoid of industry imagery, and three GWL plain packs). Study 2 evaluated the psychometric properties of a 6-item measure of brand appeal for cigarette packaging. Study 3 identified the change in smokers’ appeal-aversion valuations via a willingness-to-pay assessment of packaging options after randomization to a 3-month intervention involving smokers purchasing their cigarettes repackaged into one of three pack options. Results: Smokers had largely positive reactions to their own packs, neutral reactions to the blank pack, and graded negative reactions to GWL packs that aligned with expressions of disgust, anger, fear, and sadness. Strong scalability, internal consistency, concurrent validity, and predictive validity was found for the brand appeal measure. We found upfront positive valuations (i.e., appeal) for smokers’ Own Packs, weakened yet still positive valuations for the Blank Pack, and negative valuations (i.e., aversion) for GWLs. After 3-month exposure, minimal change in willingness-to-pay was observed: appeal-aversion valuations did not change among those randomized to use their own packs, while those randomized to use Blank and GWL

Access-based product-service systems (AB-PSS) are business models that can potentially decouple the satisfaction of consumer needs from environmental impacts. Hence, they have been promoted for the circular economy. Their sustainability potential has not yet been realised because consumer adoption is lagging. Although this challenge has been studied for two decades, knowledge to identify and address AB-PSS adoption barriers that matter to consumers is lacking. We hypothesise that the duration of use, the time a consumer obtains exclusive access to a specific product (short-term vs. long-term) and the type of product (bicycles vs. clothing) moderate the importance of AB-PSS adoption barriers to consumers. We compared several adoption barriers across four AB-PSS and found that the duration of use and the type of product significantly moderated the importance of some AB-PSS adoption barriers. More specifically, the Effort to access has a higher influence on consumer preference for short-term AB-PSS, whereas Product quality has a higher influence on consumer preference for long-term AB-PSS. We also found that Effort to access and Product characteristics were more important for bicycle AB-PSS, whereas Contamination and Product quality were more important for clothing AB-PSS. These insights help companies to identify and design out key AB-PSS consumer adoption barriers., Circular Product Design, Industrial Design Engineering, Marketing and Consumer Research

Ageing is a demographic development in the Netherlands that leads to an increasing amount of older households. Most people aged 55 years and older do not want to move or cannot find a house that meets their demand. This is expected to block the housing flow and increase the already existing mismatch on the housing market, which will lead to difficulties on the housing market for other household types. To give the other household types more opportunities on the housing market, houses for people aged 55 years and older need to be built. However, policy makers and housing developers often do not exactly know how to attract these households. In this thesis, the qualitative housing demand of people aged 55 years and older is researched. The main research question was What kind of new housing is needed to best accommodate the different 55 years or older groups in the Netherlands?. With a combination of literature research, traditional surveys and a conjoint analysis an answer is given to this question. The focus lay not only on the independent housing preferences, but also on the relative importance of the different preferences. A distinction between households based on age, mobility, future household composition and preferred owner-occupied housing type is made. The research showed that most household groups have equal preferences but the importance of certain housing qualities in their housing choice differs. The price and suitability for elderly people were important in the housing choice of most groups. But for groups that want to move to apartments (older people, less mobile people) for example, the housing type is more important and the tenure is less important compared to groups that want to move to one-family houses. This becomes especially clear when comparing the trade-offs different age groups make. To accomodate the different 55 years and older groups, it is best to focus on the housing preferenes of people aged 65 years and older, as these people, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences

The objective of this work was to evaluate the intention to purchase plain soymilk by correlating it with packaging characteristics through the conjoint analysis. Survey of attributes occurred by focus group (41 participants) and five samples of Brazilian original soymilk. Main attributes that interfered in the purchase decision: brand, presence of nutritional appeal, type of illustration of glass containing beverage and background color. Attributes were combined to generate eight packaging proposals, evaluated by 86 participants. SAS was used for data analysis, 85 of which were consistent. Participants were grouped by similarities/dissimilarities in three groups: G1 (48 participants), G2 (31) and G3 (6). G1 preferred packaging containing nutritional appeal and light background, being influenced by the brand. G2 opted for packaging containing nutritional appeal, lesser-known brand and filled glass. G3 preferred the presence of nutritional appeal, lesser known brand, full glass and dark background. Presence of nutritional appeal is the factor that most impacts the purchase decision, but the brand, type of glass illustration and background color are relevant. Packaging with the presence of nutritional appeal, glass with full filling and clear background is more likely to be of interest to consumers., Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a intenção de compra de bebidas de soja sabor original correlacionando-a com características da embalagem por meio da análise conjunta de fatores. Levantamento dos atributos ocorreu por grupo de foco (41 participantes) e cinco amostras de bebida de soja brasileiras. Principais atributos que interferiam na decisão de compra: marca, presença de apelo nutricional, tipo da ilustração de copo contendo bebida e cor do fundo. Atributos foram combinados gerando oito propostas de embalagens, avaliadas por 86 participantes. Usou-se o SAS para análise dos dados, sendo 85 destes consistentes. Agruparam-se participantes por similaridades/dissimilaridades em três grupos: G1 (48 participantes), G2 (31) e G3 (6). G1 preferiu embalagem contendo apelo nutricional e fundo claro, sendo influenciado pela marca. Já o G2 optou por embalagem contendo apelo nutricional, marca menos conhecida e copo preenchido. G3 preferiu presença de apelo nutricional, marca menos conhecida, copo cheio e fundo escuro. Presença do apelo nutricional é o fator que mais impacta na decisão de compra, mas a marca, tipo de ilustração de copo e cor do fundo são relevantes. Embalagem com presença do apelo nutricional, copo com preenchimento total e fundo claro tem maior probabilidade de interesse de compra pelos consumidores., El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la intención de compra de la leche de soja natural correlacionándola con las características del envase a través del análisis conjunto. El estudio de los atributos se realizó mediante un grupo focal (41 participantes) y cinco muestras de leche de soja original brasileña. Principales atributos que interfirieron en la decisión de compra: marca, presencia de atractivo nutricional, tipo de ilustración del vaso que contiene la bebida y color de fondo. Los atributos se combinaron para generar ocho propuestas de envase, evaluadas por 86 participantes. Se utilizó SAS para el análisis de los datos, 85 de los cuales fueron consistentes. Los participantes se agruparon por similitudes/disimilitudes en tres grupos: G1 (48 participantes), G2 (31) y G3 (6). El G1 prefirió un envase que contuviera un atractivo nutricional y un fondo claro, estando influenciado por la marca. El G2 optó por un envase con atractivo nutricional, una marca menos conocida y un vaso relleno. El G3 prefirió la presencia del atractivo nutricional, la marca menos conocida, el vaso lleno y el fondo oscuro.

Social impact incubators (SIIs) are a new type of incubator that support social enterprises (SEs) in their early business stages to foster and develop their hybrid objectives. However, research on SIIs is still scarce, and little is known about SIIs’ motives, supporting activities, and selection criteria. In investigating 71 SII decision- makers, we find the societal duty motive stated as “most important,” while the financial motive is stated as “least important.” Furthermore, we identify the authenticity of the founding team and the importance of the societal problem addressed as SIIs’ most important selection criteria. However, significant heterogeneity exists within the group of SIIs with regard to their selection criteria. In particular, SIIs with strong innovation and societal duty motives stand out and differ in their SE selection criteria from other SIIs. Our results extend prior research on SIIs and contribute to the discussion on the selection criteria of SE supporters.

Background In the context of booming e-commerce and associated logistics flows, there is a considerable challenge to support the future of volumes, specifically more towards home deliveries by logistics service providers (LSP). There are means of addressing this challenge by identifying the key factors that influence consumer behaviour and lead to better adoption by meeting their convenience through right self collection end points setups thus decreasing the logistics costs, meeting sustainability targets and also efficiencies for logistics service provider operations. Purpose The purpose of this study is to study and investigate the convenience factors of self-collection endpoints and associated levels that influence consumer preferences for logistics services to use self-collection last-mile endpoint in Sweden and also associate with observed behaviour across different demographic segments. Methods For research, quantitative research was done using conjoint analysis. Data was collected using a questionnaire sent in Google forms from volunteers, designed through an orthogonal designed based profile to rate the relevance and interest it generated. Results were based on 161 respondents' feedback on 16 such profiles (autogenerated in the SPSS platform). Analyses on existing historical parcel data of the logistics service provider along with the demographic data to build decision-tree models which supports determining the crucial attributes which influence home deliveries and also identify the potential site for trialability by LSP to support better decision-making aligned with the new Innovation diffusion into usage. Conclusions The research has shown that the collection distance is the most crucial convenience factor which can drive/steer consumers to use self-collection endpoints by being relevant in the context of convenience factors to be considered as an alternate to home delivery, followed by handling time. Respondents were willing to compromise on home deliveri

Why do citizens (not) support democratic innovations (DIs)? Existing research shows that citizens mostly support such new ways of involving citizens in policy-making for instrumental reasons: the more a DI leads to outcomes they favour, the more likely they are to express support for it. However, it remains ambiguous why citizens care so much about favourable outcomes. This study disentangles the effect of outcome favourability on support for DIs by testing two mechanisms: self-interest and sociotropy. It relies on three survey experiments on Dutch citizens’ support for a local DI (participatory budgeting) (N = 2,491). The results confirm that outcome favourability is important in explaining citizens’ support for participatory budgets (Study 1). We find evidence for both self-interest (Study 2) and sociotropy (Study 3) as drivers of the effect and present preliminary evidence that self-interest may trump sociotropy in citizens’ evaluations of DIs.

Recent years have seen a renaissance of conjoint survey designs within social science. To date, however, researchers have lacked guidance on how many attributes they can include within conjoint profiles before survey satisficing leads to unacceptable declines in response quality. This paper addresses that question using pre-registered, two-stage experiments examining choices among hypothetical candidates for US Senate or hotel rooms. In each experiment, we use the first stage to identify attributes which are perceived to be uncorrelated with the attribute of interest, so that their effects are not masked by those of the core attributes. In the second stage, we randomly assign respondents to conjoint designs with varying numbers of those filler attributes. We report the results of these experiments implemented via Amazon's Mechanical Turk and Survey Sampling International. They demonstrate that our core quantities of interest are generally stable, with relatively modest increases in survey satisficing when respondents face large numbers of attributes.

ObjectiveInnovative approaches are needed for assessing treatment preferences of individuals with schizophrenia. Conjoint analysis methods may help to identify preferences, but the usability and validity of these methods for individuals with schizophrenia remain unclear. This study examined computerized conjoint analysis for persons with schizophrenia and whether preferences for weight management programs predict service use.MethodsA computerized, patient-facing conjoint analysis system was developed through iterative consultation with 35 individuals with schizophrenia enrolled at a community mental health clinic. An additional 35 overweight participants with schizophrenia then used the system to choose among psychosocial weight management programs varying in four attributes: location (community or clinic), delivery mode (Internet or in person), leader (clinician or layperson), and training mode (individual or group). A multilevel logit model with partial preference data determined contributions of each attribute to groupwide preferences. Associations were studied between preferences and use of a psychosocial weight management group.ResultsConjoint analysis system usability was rated highly. Groupwide preferences were significantly influenced by location (p<0.001; clinic was preferred), leader (p=0.02; clinician was preferred), and training mode (p<0.001; group was preferred) but not delivery mode (p=0.68). Preferences did not correlate with age, gender, body mass index, illness severity, or subsequent program use. Participants described barriers to program attendance, including transportation, scheduling, privacy, psychiatric illness, and lack of motivation.ConclusionsComputerized conjoint analysis can produce valid assessments of treatment preferences of persons with schizophrenia and inform treatment development and implementation. Although preferences may affect treatment use, they are one of multiple factors.

Background: The United States (US) is the only high-income country that has not mandated Graphic Warning Labels (GWLs) on cigarette packaging. Pack imagery is a key element of tobacco marketing aimed at generating brand appeal to encourage continued smoking. Removing industry imagery should neutralize reactions to packaging thus lessening appeal and weakening the product’s perceived value. Adding GWLs should go further and replace appeal with aversion thus generating negative responses and subtracting from perceived valuations. Methods: This dissertation consists of three studies using data from the CASA randomized controlled trial examining the effects of cigarette packaging on smoking cognitions and behavior. Study 1 quantified smokers’ initial reactions as they examined packaging design options (i.e., own US pack, Blank pack devoid of industry imagery, and three GWL plain packs). Study 2 evaluated the psychometric properties of a 6-item measure of brand appeal for cigarette packaging. Study 3 identified the change in smokers’ appeal-aversion valuations via a willingness-to-pay assessment of packaging options after randomization to a 3-month intervention involving smokers purchasing their cigarettes repackaged into one of three pack options. Results: Smokers had largely positive reactions to their own packs, neutral reactions to the blank pack, and graded negative reactions to GWL packs that aligned with expressions of disgust, anger, fear, and sadness. Strong scalability, internal consistency, concurrent validity, and predictive validity was found for the brand appeal measure. We found upfront positive valuations (i.e., appeal) for smokers’ Own Packs, weakened yet still positive valuations for the Blank Pack, and negative valuations (i.e., aversion) for GWLs. After 3-month exposure, minimal change in willingness-to-pay was observed: appeal-aversion valuations did not change among those randomized to use their own packs, while those randomized to use Blank and GWL

The necessity of pedestrian-friendly environments is evident when looking at the multitude of benefits that it offers. These benefits include improved social integration, stimulating economic growth, and accessibility. The safety of pedestrians is not guaranteed, with a third of all road fatalities on South African roads being pedestrian fatalities. With the increased urbanisation among people from rural areas, there is a need for the development of safer non-motorised transport, especially because two-thirds of the population rely on walking as a mode of transport. In central areas of cities, effort has been done to enhance the walkability of the area, however, residential areas are often last on the list when it comes to the implementation of appropriate sidewalk infrastructure. It is observed that, although dangerous, pedestrians in residential areas increasingly use the roadway for walking. Sidewalks form an integral part of efforts to facilitate pedestrian access, which, in turn, support an effective and successful transportation network. This study examined the most essential attributes that contribute to the walkability of residential areas. More specifically, this study evaluated the factors contributing to the use or avoidance of sidewalks in residential areas. For this purpose, a case-study was performed in a residential area where the problem of pedestrians using the roadway was identified to be quite severe. To this end, the residential area of Universitas in Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa was selected. A survey research methodology was followed, where data was collected through questionnaires and physical surveys. This study also employed a Conjoint Analysis technique, which is a multivariate technique used to understand an individual’s preference, in order to identify the levels of importance with regards to sidewalk attributes. The Conjoint Analysis was used to objectively identify and categorise sidewalk attributes (walkable width, number of

Social impact incubators (SIIs) are a new type of incubator that support social enterprises (SEs) in their early business stages to foster and develop their hybrid objectives. However, research on SIIs is still scarce, and little is known about SIIs’ motives, supporting activities, and selection criteria. In investigating 71 SII decision- makers, we find the societal duty motive stated as “most important,” while the financial motive is stated as “least important.” Furthermore, we identify the authenticity of the founding team and the importance of the societal problem addressed as SIIs’ most important selection criteria. However, significant heterogeneity exists within the group of SIIs with regard to their selection criteria. In particular, SIIs with strong innovation and societal duty motives stand out and differ in their SE selection criteria from other SIIs. Our results extend prior research on SIIs and contribute to the discussion on the selection criteria of SE supporters.

Impact investors pursue both financial and social goals and have become an important source of funding for social enterprises. Our study assesses impact investor criteria when screening social enterprises. Applying an experimental conjoint analysis to a sample of 179 impact investors, we find that the three most important criteria are the authenticity of the founding team, the importance of the societal problem targeted by the venture, and the venture’s financial sustainability. We then compare the importance of these screening criteria across different types of impact investors (i.e., donors, equity investors, and debt investors). We find that donors pay more attention to the importance of the societal problem and less attention to financial sustainability than do equity and debt investors. Additionally, equity investors place a higher value on the largescale implementation of the social project than do debt investors. We contribute to the nascent literature on impact investing by documenting how impact investors make investment decisions and by providing a nuanced view of different investor types active in this novel market. Practical implications exist for both impact investors and social enterprises.

Impact investors pursue both financial and social goals and have become an important source of funding for social enterprises. Our study assesses impact investor criteria when screening social enterprises. Applying an experimental conjoint analysis to a sample of 179 impact investors, we find that the three most important criteria are the authenticity of the founding team, the importance of the societal problem targeted by the venture, and the venture’s financial sustainability. We then compare the importance of these screening criteria across different types of impact investors (i.e., donors, equity investors, and debt investors). We find that donors pay more attention to the importance of the societal problem and less attention to financial sustainability than do equity and debt investors. Additionally, equity investors place a higher value on the largescale implementation of the social project than do debt investors. We contribute to the nascent literature on impact investing by documenting how impact investors make investment decisions and by providing a nuanced view of different investor types active in this novel market. Practical implications exist for both impact investors and social enterprises.

Aims: Estimating the monetary value of the convenience of using influenza antivirals approved in Japan from a patient perspective using a conjoint analysis. Methods: An online survey (August 2020) was performed on individuals aged 20–64 years living in Japan who had taken oral or inhalant antivirals for influenza treatment in the 2018/19 or 2019/20 seasons. Efficacy and safety were assumed to be equivalent among the antivirals. The attributes for the conjoint analysis included route (oral or inhalant), duration, frequency of administration, and out-ofpocket expenses. A conditional logit model was applied as a baseline model. The monetary value of each attribute was calculated by comparing the same utility of the linearly interpolated level of the out-of-pocket attribute. Another survey to determine the experiences of the latest antiviral intake was also conducted on the same respondents. Results: Of the respondents, 1,550 were men and 1,587 were women. The monetary value for oral antivirals was estimated to be higher, saving JPY 741 (USD 7.06, as of August 2020), compared with inhalant. Regarding the length and frequency of administration, five days corresponds to an increase of JPY 2,072, compared with one day, and twice a day corresponds to a JPY 574 increase compared to once a day. Conclusions: The results suggest that – among the antivirals approved in Japan – the monetary value of the utility is the highest in the single dose oral antiviral, baloxavir marboxil (baloxavir). Although the drug cost was highest in baloxavir among the brand antivirals, the difference in the value of utility for influenza patient was estimated to be larger than the difference in the drug costs. Limitations: Although individuals with diverse attributes from all over the country were included in the survey, they are not necessarily a representative population of the Japanese society., Journal of Medical Economics, 24(1), pp.244-254; 2021

This study used conjoint analysis, a marketing research technique, to investigate hospital stakeholders' decision-making in adoption of evidence-based interventions (EBI). An efficacious hospital-based stigma-reduction intervention was used as a "product" to study adoption of EBI. Sixty hospital directors in Fujian, China evaluated the likelihood of adopting the EBI in their hospitals by rating across eight hypothetical scenarios with preferred and non-preferred levels of seven attributes, including 1) administrative support, 2) cost, 3) personnel involvement, 4) format, 5) duration, 6) technical support, and 7) priority alignment with the hospital. A hierarchical generalized linear model was fit to the likelihood of intervention adoption for the eight scenarios, with the seven attributes served as independent variables. Monetary cost of intervention implementation (impact score=2.12) had the greatest impact on the directors' reported likelihood of adopting the EBI, followed by duration of the intervention (impact score=0.88), availability of technical support (impact score=0.69), and flexibility of format (impact score=0.36). The impact scores of other attributes were not statistically significant. Conjoint analysis was feasible in modeling hospital directors' decision-making in adoption of EBI. The findings suggested the importance of considering cost, duration, technical support, and flexibility of format in development and dissemination of interventions in healthcare settings.

BackgroundPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but its use remains low among U.S. military men who have sex with men (MSM), likely due to mis-matching with personal preferences. We conducted a study to characterize preferences to PrEP measures within this population.MethodsHIV-negative military MSM were recruited through a closed, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered (LGBT) military social media group. The survey was anonymous, and consisted of five experimentally varied attributes in service delivery: dosing method, provider type, visit location, lab work evaluation location, and dispensing venue. Relative importance and part-worth utility scores were generated using hierarchical bayes (HB) estimation, and the randomized first choice model was used to examine participation interest across eight possible PrEP program scenarios.ResultsA total of 429 participants completed the survey. Among the eight scenarios with varying attributes, the most preferred scenario featured a daily tablet, PrEP injection or implant, along with a military provider, smartphone/telehealth visit, and on-base locations for lab evaluation and medication pick-up. The results also emphasized the importance for providers to be familiar with PrEP prescription knowledge, and to provide interactions sensitive to sexual identity and mental health.ConclusionA PrEP program consisting of daily tablet is preferred in military healthcare settings is preferred. Long-acting implants and injections are also desired.