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The maritime sector was one of the largest employers of the Dutch Republic, with a constant high demand for labor. Life at sea was full of risks, and for sailors, accidents or violent assaults often resulted in permanent physical or mental impairment. The handling of the accident, the aftercare and the way seafarers with permanent disabilities reshaped their lives have hardly been studied. This article shows that socioeconomic provisions existed for incapacitated seafarers and provides insight into the similarities and differences among various types of shipping organizations in the way incidents were handled. It reveals how some sailors were able to continue their maritime careers despite their disability.

Small business possesses unique characteristics not found within larger organisations, such as being more centralised in decision-making and having multiple resource constraints, including limited finances and expert safety personnel, leaving such obligations to the owner-manager. Likened within the literature to an octopus with multiple roles, the owner-manager has to diversify to survive. Survival is a term commonly used in the literature when describing the continual issues faced by small business operators. In addition to the demands placed upon small businesses due to their size, small business also creates an interesting context for the purpose of understanding dynamic risk management. Not ideally suited to the principles of bureaucratic safety management, where safety management systems and procedures dictate workflow, small business is more simplistic in its approach and relies upon dynamic social interaction to manage risks. This dynamic risk management style provides an environment where the safety II view of safety management, as emergent experiences of the workers, can be suitably applied as the theoretical lens for this research project. Motivated to improve the understanding of how risks are managed within small business aligned to the principles of safety II, the research design focused on frontline workers to seek the most accurate findings based on experiential fact. A total of 11 interviews were conducted with a combination of owner-managers and employees across small businesses from the trades and services occupations. Trades and services were chosen due to the continually high annual injury and fatality statistics. The research project discovered that small business is primarily motivated to complete individual everyday tasks over safety. Small business navigates the safety landscape in terms of job completion, and any act that seeks to interrupt the anticipated load for the day is seen as a threat and managed appropriately. Safety activities are, Thesis (Masters), Master of Arts Research (MARes), School of Hum, Lang & Soc Sc, Arts, Education and Law, Full Text

There were many workplace accidents that occurs in the slaughterhouse and this may cause a disadvantage in time, property and even causes death. Most of these workplace accidents occurred due to human errors. The obedience of the workers to the SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) while working and the sleep quality of the workers is commonly correlated with workplace accidents. This study aims to understand the correlation of obedience to SOP and sleep quality with workplace accidents in Oeba slaughterhouse in Kupang City. This is an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. All 52 workers in the slaughterhouse that fulfilled the criteria of eligibility was taken as study samples. The obedience to SOP, sleep quality and workplace accidents was measured using a questionnaire. Chi square test was performed to analyze the correlation between each variable in this design. The result of this study showed that there was a significant correlation between obedience to SOP with workplace accidents (p = 0.006) and sleep quality with workplace accidents (p = 0.003). We conclude that the obedience to SOP and sleep quality was correlated with workplace accidents in the workers in a slaughterhouse.

There were many workplace accidents that occurs in the slaughterhouse and this may cause a disadvantage in time, property and even causes death. Most of these workplace accidents occurred due to human errors. The obedience of the workers to the SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) while working and the sleep quality of the workers is commonly correlated with workplace accidents. This study aims to understand the correlation of obedience to SOP and sleep quality with workplace accidents in Oeba slaughterhouse in Kupang City. This is an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. All 52 workers in the slaughterhouse that fulfilled the criteria of eligibility was taken as study samples. The obedience to SOP, sleep quality and workplace accidents was measured using a questionnaire. Chi square test was performed to analyze the correlation between each variable in this design. The result of this study showed that there was a significant correlation between obedience to SOP with workplace accidents (p = 0.006) and sleep quality with workplace accidents (p = 0.003). We conclude that the obedience to SOP and sleep quality was correlated with workplace accidents in the workers in a slaughterhouse.

There were many workplace accidents that occurs in the slaughterhouse and this may cause a disadvantage in time, property and even causes death. Most of these workplace accidents occurred due to human errors. The obedience of the workers to the SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) while working and the sleep quality of the workers is commonly correlated with workplace accidents. This study aims to understand the correlation of obedience to SOP and sleep quality with workplace accidents in Oeba slaughterhouse in Kupang City. This is an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. All 52 workers in the slaughterhouse that fulfilled the criteria of eligibility was taken as study samples. The obedience to SOP, sleep quality and workplace accidents was measured using a questionnaire. Chi square test was performed to analyze the correlation between each variable in this design. The result of this study showed that there was a significant correlation between obedience to SOP with workplace accidents (p = 0.006) and sleep quality with workplace accidents (p = 0.003). We conclude that the obedience to SOP and sleep quality was correlated with workplace accidents in the workers in a slaughterhouse.

Charles Perrow (1999) once famously noted ‘Where body counting replaces social and cultural values and excludes us from participating in decisions about the risks that a few have decided the many cannot do without, the issue is not risk, but power.’ This dissertation explores positive asymmetry (Cerulo 2006) and the culture of silence that surrounds Pike River Mine disaster that killed 29 men on the West Coast of Aotearoa/New Zealand on 19 November 2010. This asymmetry involves habitual ways of thinking and behaving which increase the propensity to ignore an approaching worst case scenario in order to meet intended outcomes. Increasingly lauded in ‘get rich quick’ cultures, positive asymmetry can be lethal in mining and other hazardous workplaces where there is pressure to meet demands of the market that override pre-existing flaws in systems and culture, and it is often accompanied by practices of eclipsing (acts of banishing, physical seclusion, shunning) clouding (impressionism, shadowing) and recasting (rhetorical, prescriptive behaviours). There is a culture of silence that accompanies this cognitive symmetry in relation to the case of Pike River Mine which existed from its early development and continues years after the fatalities in a culture of socially organised denial; which is one in which there is a collective distancing among individuals due to norms of emotion, conversation and attention (Norgaard 2011). What happened at Pike River Mine was not the result of an attention deficit model. There was plenty of information. The mine had some good safety systems. They were not utilised. So what was going on? In this thesis, I look to the James Reason Model of Accident Causation used before the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the disaster and argue that although this does well to describe risk and to illustrate accident causation as a failure of organizational systems, it cannot as a structural model possibly describe the cultural logic and power dynamics whi

Charles Perrow (1999) once famously noted ‘Where body counting replaces social and cultural values and excludes us from participating in decisions about the risks that a few have decided the many cannot do without, the issue is not risk, but power.’ This dissertation explores positive asymmetry (Cerulo 2006) and the culture of silence that surrounds Pike River Mine disaster that killed 29 men on the West Coast of Aotearoa/New Zealand on 19 November 2010. This asymmetry involves habitual ways of thinking and behaving which increase the propensity to ignore an approaching worst case scenario in order to meet intended outcomes. Increasingly lauded in ‘get rich quick’ cultures, positive asymmetry can be lethal in mining and other hazardous workplaces where there is pressure to meet demands of the market that override pre-existing flaws in systems and culture, and it is often accompanied by practices of eclipsing (acts of banishing, physical seclusion, shunning) clouding (impressionism, shadowing) and recasting (rhetorical, prescriptive behaviours). There is a culture of silence that accompanies this cognitive symmetry in relation to the case of Pike River Mine which existed from its early development and continues years after the fatalities in a culture of socially organised denial; which is one in which there is a collective distancing among individuals due to norms of emotion, conversation and attention (Norgaard 2011). What happened at Pike River Mine was not the result of an attention deficit model. There was plenty of information. The mine had some good safety systems. They were not utilised. So what was going on? In this thesis, I look to the James Reason Model of Accident Causation used before the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the disaster and argue that although this does well to describe risk and to illustrate accident causation as a failure of organizational systems, it cannot as a structural model possibly describe the cultural logic and power dynamics whi

Charles Perrow (1999) once famously noted ‘Where body counting replaces social and cultural values and excludes us from participating in decisions about the risks that a few have decided the many cannot do without, the issue is not risk, but power.’ This dissertation explores positive asymmetry (Cerulo 2006) and the culture of silence that surrounds Pike River Mine disaster that killed 29 men on the West Coast of Aotearoa/New Zealand on 19 November 2010. This asymmetry involves habitual ways of thinking and behaving which increase the propensity to ignore an approaching worst case scenario in order to meet intended outcomes. Increasingly lauded in ‘get rich quick’ cultures, positive asymmetry can be lethal in mining and other hazardous workplaces where there is pressure to meet demands of the market that override pre-existing flaws in systems and culture, and it is often accompanied by practices of eclipsing (acts of banishing, physical seclusion, shunning) clouding (impressionism, shadowing) and recasting (rhetorical, prescriptive behaviours). There is a culture of silence that accompanies this cognitive symmetry in relation to the case of Pike River Mine which existed from its early development and continues years after the fatalities in a culture of socially organised denial; which is one in which there is a collective distancing among individuals due to norms of emotion, conversation and attention (Norgaard 2011). What happened at Pike River Mine was not the result of an attention deficit model. There was plenty of information. The mine had some good safety systems. They were not utilised. So what was going on? In this thesis, I look to the James Reason Model of Accident Causation used before the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the disaster and argue that although this does well to describe risk and to illustrate accident causation as a failure of organizational systems, it cannot as a structural model possibly describe the cultural logic and power dynamics whi

Charles Perrow (1999) once famously noted ‘Where body counting replaces social and cultural values and excludes us from participating in decisions about the risks that a few have decided the many cannot do without, the issue is not risk, but power.’ This dissertation explores positive asymmetry (Cerulo 2006) and the culture of silence that surrounds Pike River Mine disaster that killed 29 men on the West Coast of Aotearoa/New Zealand on 19 November 2010. This asymmetry involves habitual ways of thinking and behaving which increase the propensity to ignore an approaching worst case scenario in order to meet intended outcomes. Increasingly lauded in ‘get rich quick’ cultures, positive asymmetry can be lethal in mining and other hazardous workplaces where there is pressure to meet demands of the market that override pre-existing flaws in systems and culture, and it is often accompanied by practices of eclipsing (acts of banishing, physical seclusion, shunning) clouding (impressionism, shadowing) and recasting (rhetorical, prescriptive behaviours). There is a culture of silence that accompanies this cognitive symmetry in relation to the case of Pike River Mine which existed from its early development and continues years after the fatalities in a culture of socially organised denial; which is one in which there is a collective distancing among individuals due to norms of emotion, conversation and attention (Norgaard 2011). What happened at Pike River Mine was not the result of an attention deficit model. There was plenty of information. The mine had some good safety systems. They were not utilised. So what was going on? In this thesis, I look to the James Reason Model of Accident Causation used before the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the disaster and argue that although this does well to describe risk and to illustrate accident causation as a failure of organizational systems, it cannot as a structural model possibly describe the cultural logic and power dynamics whi

Workplace accident in Malaysia shows an increasing trend in recent years with the SMEs sector is found to contribute 80-90% of the total number of accidents. Poor levels of occupational safety and health compliances within the SME manufacturings is determined to be the main cause of accidents. The underlying factors towards the compliance failures are financial constraint, lack of knowledge and expertise, limited human resources and inexistence of knowledgeable safety personnel. Therefore, the Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia conducted an intervention programme with the objective is to improve the compliance of OSH within SME manufacturings. A total number of 59 SME manufacturings within Negeri Sembilan were selected based on their poor grading in OSH Compliance audits and a specific design intervention in the form of trainings then was conducted.The results of OSH compliance post-audit showed an improvement of 38% as compared to the pre-audit. The T-test analysis result also indicated a significant difference in OSH compliance grading among the participating SME manufacturing companies (P-value <0.01). In conclusion, government intervention conducted by DOSH could elevate OSHcompliance performance among the SME manufacturings.

Workplace accident in Malaysia shows an increasing trend in recent years with the SMEs sector is found to contribute 80-90% of the total number of accidents. Poor levels of occupational safety and health compliances within the SME manufacturings is determined to be the main cause of accidents. The underlying factors towards the compliance failures are financial constraint, lack of knowledge and expertise, limited human resources and inexistence of knowledgeable safety personnel. Therefore, the Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia conducted an intervention programme with the objective is to improve the compliance of OSH within SME manufacturings. A total number of 59 SME manufacturings within Negeri Sembilan were selected based on their poor grading in OSH Compliance audits and a specific design intervention in the form of trainings then was conducted.The results of OSH compliance post-audit showed an improvement of 38% as compared to the pre-audit. The T-test analysis result also indicated a significant difference in OSH compliance grading among the participating SME manufacturing companies (P-value <0.01). In conclusion, government intervention conducted by DOSH could elevate OSHcompliance performance among the SME manufacturings.

Workplace accident in Malaysia shows an increasing trend in recent years with the SMEs sector is found to contribute 80-90% of the total number of accidents. Poor levels of occupational safety and health compliances within the SME manufacturings is determined to be the main cause of accidents. The underlying factors towards the compliance failures are financial constraint, lack of knowledge and expertise, limited human resources and inexistence of knowledgeable safety personnel. Therefore, the Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia conducted an intervention programme with the objective is to improve the compliance of OSH within SME manufacturings. A total number of 59 SME manufacturings within Negeri Sembilan were selected based on their poor grading in OSH Compliance audits and a specific design intervention in the form of trainings then was conducted.The results of OSH compliance post-audit showed an improvement of 38% as compared to the pre-audit. The T-test analysis result also indicated a significant difference in OSH compliance grading among the participating SME manufacturing companies (P-value <0.01). In conclusion, government intervention conducted by DOSH could elevate OSHcompliance performance among the SME manufacturings.

_Introduction_ From the point of view of workplace safety, it is important to know whether having a temporary job has an effect on the severity of workplace accidents. We present an empirical analysis on the severity of workplace accidents by type of contract. _Method_ We used microdata collected by the Italian national institute managing the mandatory insurance against work related accidents. We estimated linear models for a measure of the severity of the workplace accident. We controlled for time-invariant fixed effects at worker and firm levels to disentangle the impact of the type of contract from the spurious one induced by unobservables at worker and firm levels. _Results_ Workers with a temporary contract, if subject to a workplace accident, were more likely to be confronted with severe injuries than permanent workers. When correcting the statistical analysis for injury under-reporting of temporary workers, we found that most of, but not all, the effect is driven by the under-reporting bias. _Conclusions_ The effect of temporary contracts on the injury severity survived the inclusion of worker and firm fixed effects and the correction for temporary workers' injury under-reporting. This, however, does not exclude the possibility that, within firms, the nature of the work may vary between different categories of workers. For example, temporary workers might be more likely to be assigned dangerous tasks because they might have less bargaining power. _Practical implications_ The findings will help in designing public policy effective in increasing temporary workers' safety at work and limiting their injury under-reporting.

We performed a retrospective study of all accidents (WA) that have generated absence from work in an industrial company whose staff has ranged from 663 to 327 workers throughout the study period (from 01-01-1983 until 31-12-2015). The material studied was the 1273 accidents that occurred in the indicated period. Each etiology has been considered, workplace or “on the way to work,” and the severity of injuries assessed as a function of time that has been required for healing. The enactment of Law 31/1995 and the abundant legislation appeared in the following years, did not produce a change in the frequency or type of WA. The security responsibility, shared with all employees, has generated significant attitudinal change that has resulted in a wide variation in the frequency, severity and etiology of the AT. Only compliance with the legislation does not produce an improvement in the health of workers if it is accompanied by a sound business decision covering each employee., Se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo de todos los accidentes de trabajo (AT) que han causado baja laboral de una empresa del sector industrial, cuya plantilla ha oscilado entre 665 y 327 trabajadores a lo largo del periodo de estudio (del 01-01-1983 hasta el 31-12-2015). El material estudiado han sido los 1.273 accidentes sucedidos en el periodo indicado. En cada AT, se ha considerado su etiología, laboral o de camino al trabajo, y la gravedad de las lesiones valorada en función del tiempo que ha precisado para su curación. La promulgación de la Ley 31/1995 y la abundante legislación aparecida en los años siguientes no supuso un cambio en la frecuencia ni en el tipo de AT. El cambio de cultura empresarial, que se basa en compartir la responsabilidad sobre seguridad con todos los empleados, sí ha generado un significativo cambio actitudinal que se ha traducido en una gran variación de la frecuencia de los AT y de su gravedad. El mero cumplimiento de la legislación no supone per se una mejora de la salud de los trabajadores si no va acompañado de una firme decisión empresarial que abarque a cada uno de los empleados.

From the point of view of workplace safety, it is important to know whether having a temporary job has an effect on the severity of workplace accidents. We present an empirical analysis on the severity of workplace accidents by type of contract. Method: We used micro data collected by the Italian national institute managing the mandatory insurance against work related accidents. We estimated linear models for a measure of the severity of the workplace accident. We controlled for time-invariant fixed effects at worker and firm levels to disentangle the impact of the type of contract from the spurious one induced by unobservables at worker and firm levels. Results: Workers with a temporary contract, if subject to a workplace accident, were more likely to be confronted with severe injuries than permanent workers. When correcting the statistical analysis for injury underreporting of temporary workers, we found that most of, but not all, the effect is driven by the under-reporting bias. Conclusions: The effect of temporary contracts on the injury severity survived the inclusion of worker and firm fixed effects and the correction for temporary workers’ injury under-reporting. This however does not exclude the possibility that, within firms, the nature of the work may vary between different categories of workers. For example, temporary workers might be more likely to be assigned by the employer dangerous tasks because they might have less bargaining power. Practical implications: The findings will be of help in designing public policy effective in increasing temporary workers’ safety at work and limiting their injury under-reporting.

Para poder conocer la repercusión económica que tienen para la sociedad y las empresas los accidentes de trabajo del sector de la edificación de Andalucía, se han analizado una treintena de métodos, modelos y estudios de cálculo y se han caracterizado los accidentes según las codificaciones realizadas en su notificación a la autoridad laboral. Dicha evaluación económica de los accidentes y su caracterización se ha realizado con el objetivo de dotar de instrumentos de concienciación y evaluación de programas de intervención, tanto por parte de la Administración como por parte de las propias empresas. Esta tesis se encuadra dentro del campo de conocimiento de la seguridad y salud laboral, uno de cuyos principales objetivos ha sido siempre la caracterización de la accidentalidad a través de la estadística. Sin embargo, el objetivo de la tesis será obtener información económica útil a la hora de concienciar al sector de la edificación de la necesidad de adoptar las medidas necesarias desde la visión de la prevención de riesgos laborales, para minimizar los daños personales y materiales evitando así las posibles consecuencias económicas y judiciales de los accidentes. Para ello se han analizado los accidentes notificados en el periodo 2007 a 2012, las encuestas de condiciones de trabajo y la de gestión preventiva de las empresas andaluzas, las memorias oficiales del INSS y de la ITSS y la normativa aplicable, con el fin de caracterizar la accidentalidad que afecta al sector del estudio y realizar el cálculo de su incidencia económica. Como conclusión, se propone una metodología de cálculo y estimación de los costes analizados y de aquellos en los que incurriría la empresa en caso de accidente laboral., In order to understand the economic impact that work accidents in the construction industry in Andalusia have on society and business, there have been analysed about thirty methods, models and calculation studies and the accidents have been characterized according to coding performed in its notification to the labor authority. This economic evaluation of the accidents and their characterization has been performed in order to provide instruments for awareness and evaluation of intervention programs, both by the Administration and by the companies themselves. This thesis is within the field of knowledge of occupational health and safety, one of its main targets has always been the characterization of the accident rate through statistics. However, the target of this thesis will be to get useful economic information in raising awareness to the building of the need to adopt the necessary measures from the viewpoint of occupational risk prevention, to minimize personal injury and avoid the economic and judicial consequences of the accidents. In order to do that, it has been analyzed the reported accidents in the period 2007 to 2012, the surveys of working conditions and the preventive management of the Andalusian companies, the official reports of INSS and ITSS and the applicable regulations, in order to characterize the accident rate (or the numbers of accidents) affecting the sector of the study and to perform the calculation of its economic impact. In conclusion, it is proposed a methodology of calculation and estimation of the analyzed costs, and those in which the company would incur in case of work accident

Para poder conocer la repercusión económica que tienen para la sociedad y las empresas los accidentes de trabajo del sector de la edificación de Andalucía, se han analizado una treintena de métodos, modelos y estudios de cálculo y se han caracterizado los accidentes según las codificaciones realizadas en su notificación a la autoridad laboral. Dicha evaluación económica de los accidentes y su caracterización se ha realizado con el objetivo de dotar de instrumentos de concienciación y evaluación de programas de intervención, tanto por parte de la Administración como por parte de las propias empresas. Esta tesis se encuadra dentro del campo de conocimiento de la seguridad y salud laboral, uno de cuyos principales objetivos ha sido siempre la caracterización de la accidentalidad a través de la estadística. Sin embargo, el objetivo de la tesis será obtener información económica útil a la hora de concienciar al sector de la edificación de la necesidad de adoptar las medidas necesarias desde la visión de la prevención de riesgos laborales, para minimizar los daños personales y materiales evitando así las posibles consecuencias económicas y judiciales de los accidentes. Para ello se han analizado los accidentes notificados en el periodo 2007 a 2012, las encuestas de condiciones de trabajo y la de gestión preventiva de las empresas andaluzas, las memorias oficiales del INSS y de la ITSS y la normativa aplicable, con el fin de caracterizar la accidentalidad que afecta al sector del estudio y realizar el cálculo de su incidencia económica. Como conclusión, se propone una metodología de cálculo y estimación de los costes analizados y de aquellos en los que incurriría la empresa en caso de accidente laboral., In order to understand the economic impact that work accidents in the construction industry in Andalusia have on society and business, there have been analysed about thirty methods, models and calculation studies and the accidents have been characterized according to coding performed in its notification to the labor authority. This economic evaluation of the accidents and their characterization has been performed in order to provide instruments for awareness and evaluation of intervention programs, both by the Administration and by the companies themselves. This thesis is within the field of knowledge of occupational health and safety, one of its main targets has always been the characterization of the accident rate through statistics. However, the target of this thesis will be to get useful economic information in raising awareness to the building of the need to adopt the necessary measures from the viewpoint of occupational risk prevention, to minimize personal injury and avoid the economic and judicial consequences of the accidents. In order to do that, it has been analyzed the reported accidents in the period 2007 to 2012, the surveys of working conditions and the preventive management of the Andalusian companies, the official reports of INSS and ITSS and the applicable regulations, in order to characterize the accident rate (or the numbers of accidents) affecting the sector of the study and to perform the calculation of its economic impact. In conclusion, it is proposed a methodology of calculation and estimation of the analyzed costs, and those in which the company would incur in case of work accident

Para poder conocer la repercusión económica que tienen para la sociedad y las empresas los accidentes de trabajo del sector de la edificación de Andalucía, se han analizado una treintena de métodos, modelos y estudios de cálculo y se han caracterizado los accidentes según las codificaciones realizadas en su notificación a la autoridad laboral. Dicha evaluación económica de los accidentes y su caracterización se ha realizado con el objetivo de dotar de instrumentos de concienciación y evaluación de programas de intervención, tanto por parte de la Administración como por parte de las propias empresas. Esta tesis se encuadra dentro del campo de conocimiento de la seguridad y salud laboral, uno de cuyos principales objetivos ha sido siempre la caracterización de la accidentalidad a través de la estadística. Sin embargo, el objetivo de la tesis será obtener información económica útil a la hora de concienciar al sector de la edificación de la necesidad de adoptar las medidas necesarias desde la visión de la prevención de riesgos laborales, para minimizar los daños personales y materiales evitando así las posibles consecuencias económicas y judiciales de los accidentes. Para ello se han analizado los accidentes notificados en el periodo 2007 a 2012, las encuestas de condiciones de trabajo y la de gestión preventiva de las empresas andaluzas, las memorias oficiales del INSS y de la ITSS y la normativa aplicable, con el fin de caracterizar la accidentalidad que afecta al sector del estudio y realizar el cálculo de su incidencia económica. Como conclusión, se propone una metodología de cálculo y estimación de los costes analizados y de aquellos en los que incurriría la empresa en caso de accidente laboral., In order to understand the economic impact that work accidents in the construction industry in Andalusia have on society and business, there have been analysed about thirty methods, models and calculation studies and the accidents have been characterized according to coding performed in its notification to the labor authority. This economic evaluation of the accidents and their characterization has been performed in order to provide instruments for awareness and evaluation of intervention programs, both by the Administration and by the companies themselves. This thesis is within the field of knowledge of occupational health and safety, one of its main targets has always been the characterization of the accident rate through statistics. However, the target of this thesis will be to get useful economic information in raising awareness to the building of the need to adopt the necessary measures from the viewpoint of occupational risk prevention, to minimize personal injury and avoid the economic and judicial consequences of the accidents. In order to do that, it has been analyzed the reported accidents in the period 2007 to 2012, the surveys of working conditions and the preventive management of the Andalusian companies, the official reports of INSS and ITSS and the applicable regulations, in order to characterize the accident rate (or the numbers of accidents) affecting the sector of the study and to perform the calculation of its economic impact. In conclusion, it is proposed a methodology of calculation and estimation of the analyzed costs, and those in which the company would incur in case of work accident

Para poder conocer la repercusión económica que tienen para la sociedad y las empresas los accidentes de trabajo del sector de la edificación de Andalucía, se han analizado una treintena de métodos, modelos y estudios de cálculo y se han caracterizado los accidentes según las codificaciones realizadas en su notificación a la autoridad laboral. Dicha evaluación económica de los accidentes y su caracterización se ha realizado con el objetivo de dotar de instrumentos de concienciación y evaluación de programas de intervención, tanto por parte de la Administración como por parte de las propias empresas. Esta tesis se encuadra dentro del campo de conocimiento de la seguridad y salud laboral, uno de cuyos principales objetivos ha sido siempre la caracterización de la accidentalidad a través de la estadística. Sin embargo, el objetivo de la tesis será obtener información económica útil a la hora de concienciar al sector de la edificación de la necesidad de adoptar las medidas necesarias desde la visión de la prevención de riesgos laborales, para minimizar los daños personales y materiales evitando así las posibles consecuencias económicas y judiciales de los accidentes. Para ello se han analizado los accidentes notificados en el periodo 2007 a 2012, las encuestas de condiciones de trabajo y la de gestión preventiva de las empresas andaluzas, las memorias oficiales del INSS y de la ITSS y la normativa aplicable, con el fin de caracterizar la accidentalidad que afecta al sector del estudio y realizar el cálculo de su incidencia económica. Como conclusión, se propone una metodología de cálculo y estimación de los costes analizados y de aquellos en los que incurriría la empresa en caso de accidente laboral., In order to understand the economic impact that work accidents in the construction industry in Andalusia have on society and business, there have been analysed about thirty methods, models and calculation studies and the accidents have been characterized according to coding performed in its notification to the labor authority. This economic evaluation of the accidents and their characterization has been performed in order to provide instruments for awareness and evaluation of intervention programs, both by the Administration and by the companies themselves. This thesis is within the field of knowledge of occupational health and safety, one of its main targets has always been the characterization of the accident rate through statistics. However, the target of this thesis will be to get useful economic information in raising awareness to the building of the need to adopt the necessary measures from the viewpoint of occupational risk prevention, to minimize personal injury and avoid the economic and judicial consequences of the accidents. In order to do that, it has been analyzed the reported accidents in the period 2007 to 2012, the surveys of working conditions and the preventive management of the Andalusian companies, the official reports of INSS and ITSS and the applicable regulations, in order to characterize the accident rate (or the numbers of accidents) affecting the sector of the study and to perform the calculation of its economic impact. In conclusion, it is proposed a methodology of calculation and estimation of the analyzed costs, and those in which the company would incur in case of work accident

The U.S. Department of Justice is under fire for failing to prosecute banks that caused the 2008 economic meltdown because they are too big to jail. Prosecutors have long neglected to hold corporate executives accountable for chronic mistakes that kill and injure workers and customers. This book, the first of its kind, analyzes five industrial catastrophes that have killed or sickened consumers and workers or caused irrevocable harm to the environment. From the Texas City refinery explosion to the Upper Big Branch mine collapse to the destruction of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig and extending to incidents of food and drug contamination that have killed or injured hundreds, the root causes of these preventable disasters include crimes of commission and omission. Although federal prosecutors have made a start on holding low-level managers liable, far more aggressive prosecution is appropriate as a matter of law, policy, and justice. Written in accessible and jargon-free language, this book recommends innovative interpretations of existing laws to elevate the prosecution of white-collar crime at the federal and state levels. TMLL catalog entry call number: KF9350 .S74 2014, https://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/books/1094/thumbnail.jpg

This thesis examines absence from work due to sickness in Spain. The first chapter reviews the current state of knowledge related to theory, as well as empirical evidence relating to sickness absence in an economic context. The economic literature has stressed that labour supply factors such as gender and age are important in determining sickness absence, but, according to the empirical evidence, the effect of these two variables is uncertain. Chapters 2 and 3 aim to shed light on this debate by providing empirical evidence regarding the effect of gender and age, respectively, on sickness absence from work. Finally, Chapter 4 examines the contribution of government intervention in occupational health and safety (OSH) in giving rise to spatial differences in the incidence of workplace accidents.

The U.S. Department of Justice is under fire for failing to prosecute banks that caused the 2008 economic meltdown because they are too big to jail. Prosecutors have long neglected to hold corporate executives accountable for chronic mistakes that kill and injure workers and customers. This book, the first of its kind, analyzes five industrial catastrophes that have killed or sickened consumers and workers or caused irrevocable harm to the environment. From the Texas City refinery explosion to the Upper Big Branch mine collapse to the destruction of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig and extending to incidents of food and drug contamination that have killed or injured hundreds, the root causes of these preventable disasters include crimes of commission and omission. Although federal prosecutors have made a start on holding low-level managers liable, far more aggressive prosecution is appropriate as a matter of law, policy, and justice. Written in accessible and jargon-free language, this book recommends innovative interpretations of existing laws to elevate the prosecution of white-collar crime at the federal and state levels. TMLL catalog entry call number: KF9350 .S74 2014, https://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/books/1094/thumbnail.jpg

Objective: To compare in Catalonia , the incidence of fatal occupational injuries and non-fatal accidents for workers in the mining sector Subterrania workers with open-pit mining in 2012 . Methods : Data from accident injuries came from the Ministry of Labour and Immigration and the Department of Industry , Mines i Energia de la Generalitat de Catalunya. The incidence of fatal and non-fatal injuries was calculated by accident and the Odds Ratio (OR ) in the confidence interval of 95% ( 95 % CI) for mineworkers in Subterrania compared to workers in the mining opencast Results and discussion: the OR of workers mining Subterrania compared to open pit is 2.6 (95% CI 1.8 to 3.8 ) among themselves and hired workers in underground mines is 2.47 ( 95% CI 2.4 to 5.8 ), Postprint (published version)

Workplace accidents are an important economic phenomenon. Yet, the pro-cyclical fl uctuations in workplace accidents are not well understood. They could be related to fluctuations in effort and working hours, but workplace accidents may also be affected by reporting behavior. Our paper uses unique data on workplace accidents from an Austrian matched worker-firm dataset to study in detail how economic incentives affect workplace accidents. We find that workers who reported an accident in a particular period of time are more likely to be tired later on. And, we find support for the idea that recessions in fluence the reporting of moderate workplace accidents: if workers think the probability of dismissals at the firm level is high, they are less likely to report a moderate workplace accident.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen har varit att ta reda på hur domstolarna resonerar i sina bedömningar kring straffansvaret i fall där en arbetstagare omkommit på arbetsplatsen. Jag har även undersökt hur långt arbetsgivarens ansvar sträcker sig vad gäller det förebyggande arbetet och skyldigheter som uppkommer i samband med dödsfallen. Jag har genomgående använt mig av en rättsdogmatisk metod och en stor del av uppsatsen är av deskriptiv karaktär för att läsaren ska få en bra överblick i det rådande rättsläget. Dödsfallen på arbetsplatserna i Sverige har under de senaste 50 åren minskat rejält men fortfarande omkommer varje år mellan 60-80 personer. I förhållande till övriga europeiska länder är det en relativt låg siffra men fortfarande rör det sig om många människor som förlorar livet endast på grund av att de utför sitt arbete. Största delen av regleringen kring arbetsgivarens ansvar finns i Arbetsmiljölagen, dess förordning och i Arbetsmiljöverkets föreskrifter. Regleringen är väldigt omfattande och klargör tydligt vilka skyldigheter arbetsgivaren har. För att kunna redogöra och förstå domstolarnas bedömningsgrunder är en del i uppsatsen vikt åt den svenska straffrättens uppbyggnad gällande vem eller vilka i ett företag som besitter straffansvaret. I kapitlet beskrivs även företagaransvaret, delegering samt en del där övriga länders straffrätt redogörs. I det avslutande kapitlet redovisas de slutsatser som framkommit. De visar bland annat att arbetsgivaren har ett omfattande ansvar för arbetsmiljön och besitter ofta själv straffansvaret. Domstolarnas bedömningsgrunder utgår från att först bedöma om det är den åtalade som besitter straffansvaret för att sedan kunna bedöma om det finns ett orsakssamband mellan den åtalades handling och den efterföljande konsekvensen. Om dessa krav uppfylls kan domstolen döma den åtalade för arbetsmiljöbrott enligt kap. 3:10 § BrB.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen har varit att ta reda på hur domstolarna resonerar i sina bedömningar kring straffansvaret i fall där en arbetstagare omkommit på arbetsplatsen. Jag har även undersökt hur långt arbetsgivarens ansvar sträcker sig vad gäller det förebyggande arbetet och skyldigheter som uppkommer i samband med dödsfallen. Jag har genomgående använt mig av en rättsdogmatisk metod och en stor del av uppsatsen är av deskriptiv karaktär för att läsaren ska få en bra överblick i det rådande rättsläget. Dödsfallen på arbetsplatserna i Sverige har under de senaste 50 åren minskat rejält men fortfarande omkommer varje år mellan 60-80 personer. I förhållande till övriga europeiska länder är det en relativt låg siffra men fortfarande rör det sig om många människor som förlorar livet endast på grund av att de utför sitt arbete. Största delen av regleringen kring arbetsgivarens ansvar finns i Arbetsmiljölagen, dess förordning och i Arbetsmiljöverkets föreskrifter. Regleringen är väldigt omfattande och klargör tydligt vilka skyldigheter arbetsgivaren har. För att kunna redogöra och förstå domstolarnas bedömningsgrunder är en del i uppsatsen vikt åt den svenska straffrättens uppbyggnad gällande vem eller vilka i ett företag som besitter straffansvaret. I kapitlet beskrivs även företagaransvaret, delegering samt en del där övriga länders straffrätt redogörs. I det avslutande kapitlet redovisas de slutsatser som framkommit. De visar bland annat att arbetsgivaren har ett omfattande ansvar för arbetsmiljön och besitter ofta själv straffansvaret. Domstolarnas bedömningsgrunder utgår från att först bedöma om det är den åtalade som besitter straffansvaret för att sedan kunna bedöma om det finns ett orsakssamband mellan den åtalades handling och den efterföljande konsekvensen. Om dessa krav uppfylls kan domstolen döma den åtalade för arbetsmiljöbrott enligt kap. 3:10 § BrB.

Building demolition, as compared to building construction is always carried out as quickly and cheaply as possible. The nature of limited time and resources of the demolition project sometimes translate into poor work planning and safety precautions. In recent years, demolition work has become more complicated due to the high diversity of building types and there are various demolition techniques and strategies. It is important to have a clear understanding of the type of building to be demolished, the method to be used and risks involved to ensure proper work planning. Using historical data on demolition related accidents; this paper discusses the classification of injuries and causes of the accidents. To conclude, strategies for better understanding of demolition work and good practices of site safety are recommended.

This study seeks to determine the strategic effect on the Army of occupational injuries and illnesses to Army Civilians. Army Civilians number more than 250,000 and they are critical to the Army. Workplace injuries and illnesses degrade the Army's strategic stance in both measurable and subjective ways, costing the Army almost $200 million annually, degrading productivity, disrupting services, and reducing quality of life. Lately, the Army has improved safety and embedded a more effective safety culture, but it has not improved its program for reducing civilian accident costs or returning injured workers to the workplace. Some programs have proven to be effective, but are not being leveraged by commanders, many of whom resist accepting previously injured workers back into the force. To add to this problem, the reporting of Army civilian accidents is poor at best, resulting in a lack of centralized accident data and an inability to determine if the Army is providing equal treatment to workers with regards to the resolution of accident cases, the awarding of associated benefits, and the process of returning injured workers to their jobs. This study recommends that the Army take steps to reduce the negative effects of accidents, such as the fielding of a central, standardized civilian accident reporting system; better enforcement of the Army's own requirement to report civilian accidents; improving the Army's infrastructure for compensation programs; and instituting management metrics and an associated management program to force commanders to justify their performance in these areas., Civilian Research Project. Senior Service College Fellowship Project.