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Solidarity initiatives to respond to the crisis derived from the COVID-19 pandemic, althoughwidespread, showed a marked spatial bias. This article analyzes, through a combination of qualitativeand quantitative techniques, the territorial and social factors that conditioned the response to the crisisby neighborhood associations in seven neighborhoods of the city of Valencia. The results show theimportance of the relational capital generated in previous stages, as well as the characteristics of thenetwork (diversity and functions of the nodes) that acted as a necessary support infrastructure for thearticulation of collective initiatives in neighborhoods with older people. socioeconomic needs.Likewise, the impact that the transformation of the social fabric that occurs in neighborhoods affectedby processes of gentrification and population substitution can have on these networks is verified throughthe case study., Las iniciativas solidarias de respuesta a la crisis derivada de la pandemia de COVID-19, aunque generalizadas, mostraron un marcado sesgo espacial. En este artículo se analizan, mediante una combinación de técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas, los factores territoriales y sociales que condicionaron la respuesta a la crisis por parte de las asociaciones vecinales en siete barrios de la ciudad de Valencia. Los resultados muestran la importancia del capital relacional generado en etapas anteriores, así como las características de la red (diversidad y funciones de los nodos) que actuó como una infraestructura de soporte necesaria para la articulación de las iniciativas colectivas en los barrios con mayores necesidades socioeconómicas. Asimismo, se verifica a través del estudio de caso el impacto que puede tener sobre estas redes la transformación del tejido social que se produce en los barrios afectados por procesos de gentrificación y sustitución poblacional., As iniciativas de solidariedade para responder à crise derivada da pandemia da COVID-19,embora generalizadas, revelaram um acentuado enviesamento espacial. Este artigo analisa, através deuma combinação de técnicas qualitativas e quantitativas, os fatores territoriais e sociais que condicionarama resposta à crise por parte das associações de bairro em sete bairros da cidade de Valência. Osresultados mostram a importância do capital relacional gerado nas etapas anteriores, bem como as característicasda rede (diversidade e funções dos nós) que funcionou como infraestrutura de apoio necessáriapara a articulação de iniciativas coletivas em bairros com pessoas mais idosas. precisa. Da mesmaforma, verifica-se através do estudo de caso o impacto que a transformação do tecido social que ocorrenos bairros afetados por processos de gentrificação e substituição populacional pode ter nestas redes.

Fellowship PRE2018-084818, The wealth of complex polar topologies1–10 recently found in nanoscale ferroelectrics results from a delicate balance between the intrinsic tendency of the materials to develop a homogeneous polarization and the electric and mechanical boundary conditions imposed on them. Ferroelectric–dielectric interfaces are model systems in which polarization curling originates from open circuit-like electric boundary conditions, to avoid the build-up of polarization charges through the formation of fuxclosure11–14 domains that evolve into vortex-like structures at the nanoscale15–17 level. Although ferroelectricity is known to couple strongly with strain (both homogeneous18 and inhomogeneous19,20), the efect of mechanical constraints21 on thin-flm nanoscale ferroelectrics has been comparatively less explored because of the relative paucity of strain patterns that can be implemented experimentally. Here we show that the stacking of freestanding ferroelectric perovskite layers with controlled twist angles provides an opportunity to tailor these topological nanostructures in a way determined by the lateral strain modulation associated with the twisting. Furthermore, we fnd that a peculiar pattern of polarization vortices and antivortices emerges from the fexoelectric coupling of polarization to strain gradients. This fnding provides opportunities to create two-dimensional high-density vortex crystals that would enable us to explore previously unknown physical efects and functionalities., European Comission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Luxembourg National Research Fund, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub, Pagado por el autor

Peer review is an important part of the scientific process, but traditional peer review at journals is coming under increased scrutiny for its inefficiency and lack of transparency. As preprints become more widely used and accepted, they raise the possibility of rethinking the peer-review process. Preprints are enabling new forms of peer review that have the potential to be more thorough, inclusive, and collegial than traditional journal peer review, and to thus fundamentally shift the culture of peer review toward constructive collaboration. In this Consensus View, we make a call to action to stakeholders in the community to accelerate the growing momentum of preprint sharing and provide recommendations to empower researchers to provide open and constructive peer review for preprints.

This work provides an alternative account for deviations in human causal reasoning from normative predictions based on Causal Bayesian Networks (CBNs). We highlight violations of the Markov condition (Screening Off) and insufficient Explaining Away. Different from other accounts, our model does not assume that people fail to honor normative predictions due to reliance on heuristics, hidden nodes and links or cognitive limitations. Instead, we propose that people are rationally uncertain about the received causal model they are asked to reason with. We fitted the model to published data from two experiments where people were asked to make probability estimates on inferences of interest within a causal model. We find that the model is able to i) reproduce deviations from normative predictions, and ii) predict changes in the magnitude of these deviations across contexts. We conclude that assuming that people, in order to be rational, will always fully believe in the information they receive about a causal model may be too strong an assumption.

Memoria final del Proyecto de Innovación nº 450 (Proyectos de Innovación 2023-2024) BioStatSpot: Difusión y promoción del Máster en Bioestadística

Background Astrocytes Ca2+ signaling play a central role in the modulation of neuronal function. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) by glutamate released during an increase in synaptic activity triggers coordinated Ca2+ signals in astrocytes. Importantly, astrocytes express the Ca2+-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-synthe-tizing enzymes eNOS and nNOS, which might contribute to the Ca2+ signals by triggering Ca2+ influx or ATP release through the activation of connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannels, pannexin-1 (Panx-1) channels or Ca2+ homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) channels. Hence, we aim to evaluate the participation of NO in the astrocytic Ca2+ signaling initiated by stimulation of mGluR in primary cultures of astrocytes from rat brain cortex. Results Astrocytes were stimulated with glutamate or t-ACPD and NO-dependent changes in [Ca2+]i and ATP release were evaluated. In addition, the activity of Cx43 hemichannels, Panx-1 channels and CALHM1 channels was also analyzed. The expression of Cx43, Panx-1 and CALHM1 in astrocytes was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis and both glutamate and t-ACPD induced NO-mediated activation of CALHM1 channels via direct S-nitrosylation, which was further confirmed by assessing CALHM1-mediated current using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique in Xenopus oocytes. Pharmacological blockade or siRNA-mediated inhibition of CALHM1 expression revealed that the opening of these channels provides a pathway for ATP release and the subsequent purinergic receptordependent activation of Cx43 hemichannels and Panx-1 channels, which further contributes to the astrocytic Ca2+ signaling. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that activation of CALHM1 channels through NO-mediated S-nitrosylation in astrocytes in vitro is critical for the generation of glutamate-initiated astrocytic Ca2+ signaling.

Este trabajo analiza la situación actual en España de la edificación residencial de media altura con madera poniendo el foco de atención en las diferentes estrategias de diseño estructural. En primer lugar, se establecen diferentes parámetros determinantes en el diseño estructural de edificios residenciales de media altura con madera a partir del análisis de la bibliografía de referencia. Estos son los productos empleados, el sistema de transmisión de cargas verticales, el sistema de estabilización frente a cargas horizontales, el sistema de forjados, la organización de los elementos portantes en planta, el sistema estructural utilizado en los balcones y las estrategias de protección frente a incendios. Para cada uno de estos parámetros se definen diferentes categorías, permitiendo una clasificación sistemática de los edificios seleccionados. En segundo lugar, se identifican todos los casos existentes en España de al menos 4 plantas de altura, de los que se recopilan sus datos principales en relación a su ubicación, construcción y diseño estructural. A continuación, se seleccionan los casos de al menos 6 plantas, analizándose según los parámetros y categorías definidos. Adicionalmente, la información gráfica más relevante disponible de cada caso, relativa tanto a la arquitectura como a la estructura, es presentada de modo sintético y sistemático a través de fichas con el objetivo de facilitar su consulta. Los resultados del análisis indican que los casos en España presentan características similares entre ellos en cuanto a productos, sistemas estructurales y estrategia frente a incendios, de lo que se establece que el país se encuentra en un periodo de afianzamiento de las técnicas de construcción de edificios residenciales de media altura con madera industrializada. Además, la mayoría de los casos se dan en las grandes ciudades, donde el empleo de la madera industrializada permite llevar a cabo la puesta en obra de manera rápida y limpia.

Los sistemas electorales siempre han sido uno de los procedimientos más controvertidos debido a la poca transparencia o en algunos casos fraude que se realizan en estos mismos. En la actualidad, la mayoría de los sistemas electorales garantizan la transparencia ante los ciudadanos, pero siguen empleando métodos ineficientes o que pueden suscitar el fraude electoral como hacer conteos de las urnas a mano o escribir actas en papel. Debido a estas problemáticas, mediante este Proyecto Fin de Grado, se ha planteado la alternativa del desarrollo de un sistema electoral que puede ser tanto complementario como sustitutivo al actual. Este nuevo sistema está basado en la tecnología Blockchain, permitiendo una alta trasparencia y confianza en el propio sistema además de permitir la digitalización del proceso electoral.

Nuestro estudio ha investigado la existencia de disfunciones en la integración sensorial en niños con TDAH. Es un estudio transversal, en el que aplicamos las escalas SP – 2 y SNAP (para evaluar el perfil sensorial y los síntomas de TDAH, respectivamente) a los padres de cuarenta niños entre seis y doce años diagnosticados de TDAH, atendidos en las consultas externas de psiquiatría infantil del HCUV. La mayoría de nuestros pacientes obtuvieron puntuaciones para los cuatro perfiles y las diferentes secciones sensoriales fuera del rango clínico normal, indicando que presentan dificultades en el procesamiento sensorial. También observamos una correlación positiva muy significativa entre los síntomas conductuales del TDAH y las puntuaciones elevadas en la escala SP – 2. Concluimos que el estudio del perfil sensorial en los niños con TDAH es relevante para comprender su sintomatología, así como para aportarles el ambiente adecuado para favorecer su desarrollo sensorial y que mejore su funcionalidad., Grado en Medicina

Pig manure management has become one of the biggest environmental challenges in recent years due to the increasing production of pork for human consumption. Manure is a liquid mixture of pig excrement, water, and in some cases, chemicals used in cleaning facilities. This by-product of pig production can be a source of contamination if not properly managed. One of the major problems associated with this waste is its high nutrient content, due to high loads of N, P and organic matter. Proper management is therefore necessary, as once they are discharged into the environment, they can generate problems of pollution and eutrophication of water, negatively affecting aquatic ecosystems. On the other hand, the use of mineral additives in livestock feed, and other supplements used as growth promoters, means that 90% of the heavy metals they contain pass into the manure, with only 10% being assimilated by the animal. In addition, drinking water is another key factor and source of metals entering the livestock diet. Biological processes with microalgae and bacteria have gained importance in recent years due to their high effectiveness and low cost. Moreover, it is an environmentally sustainable, robust technology that simultaneously removes organic matter, nutrients and pollutants (heavy metals) and does not generate toxic waste. The biomass generated is a consortium of microalgae and bacteria, which can be subsequently valorised as feed or fertiliser, provided that the bioaccumulated metals are not present in the recovered by-products or are within the limits permitted according to their use. The treated water can be reused as irrigation water. Therefore, in this work, the use of live microalgae and their consortia with bacteria was studied in order to study the bioelimination of toxic trace elements present in the liquid fraction of pig manure. Specifically, the efficacy of the microalgae species Scenedesmus almeriensis in the bioelimination of Cu, Zn and As, among others f, La gestión de los purines de cerdo se ha convertido en uno de los mayores desafíos medioambientales de los últimos años debido al aumento de la producción de carne de cerdo destinada al consumo humano. Los purines son una mezcla líquida de excrementos de cerdo, agua, y en algunos casos, productos químicos utilizados en la limpieza de las instalaciones. Este subproducto de la producción porcina puede ser una fuente de contaminación si no se gestiona adecuadamente. Uno de los mayores problemas asociados a estos residuos es su alto contenido en nutrientes, debido a las altas cargas de N, P y materia orgánica. Es necesario por lo tanto una adecuada gestión, ya que una vez que se procede a su descarga en el medio ambiente, pueden generar problemas de contaminación y eutrofización de las aguas, afectando negativamente a los ecosistemas acuáticos. Por otro lado, el uso de aditivos minerales en la alimentación del ganado, y otros suplementos utilizados como promotores del crecimiento, hace que el 90% de los metales pesados que contienen, pasen a los purines, siendo solamente el 10% asimilado por el animal. Además, el agua de bebida es otro factor clave, y fuente de entrada de metales en la dieta del ganado. Los procesos biológicos con microalgas y bacterias han ganado importancia en los últimos años debido a su alta efectividad y bajo coste. Además, es una tecnología sostenible con el medioambiente, robusta, que elimina simultáneamente materia orgánica, nutrientes y contaminantes (metales pesados) y que no genera residuos tóxicos. La biomasa generada es un consorcio de microalgas y bacterias, que puede valorizarse posteriormente como pienso o fertilizante, siempre que los metales bioacumulados no estén presentes en los subproductos recuperados o lo estén dentro de los límites permitidos según su uso. El agua tratada puede reutilizarse como agua de riego. Por ello, en este trabajo se estudió el empleo de microalgas vivas y sus consorcios con bacterias con el objetivo de estu, Escuela de Doctorado, Doctorado en Química

Many bacteria have the ability to survive in challenging environments; however, they cannot all grow on standard culture media, a phenomenon known as the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. Bacteria commonly enter the VBNC state under nutrient-poor environments or under stressful conditions. This review explores the concept of the VBNC state, providing insights into the beneficial bacteria known to employ this strategy. The investigation covers different chemical and physical factors that can induce the latency state, cell features, and gene expression observed in cells in the VBNC state. The review also covers the significance and applications of beneficial bacteria, methods of evaluating bacterial viability, the ability of bacteria to persist in environments associated with higher organisms, and the factors that facilitate the return to the culturable state. Knowledge about beneficial bacteria capable of entering the VBNC state remains limited; however, beneficial bacteria in this state could face adverse environmental conditions and return to a culturable state when the conditions become suitable and continue to exert their beneficial effects. Likewise, this unique feature positions them as potential candidates for healthcare applications, such as the use of probiotic bacteria to enhance human health, applications in industrial microbiology for the production of prebiotics and functional foods, and in the beer and wine industry. Moreover, their use in formulations to increase crop yields and for bacterial bioremediation offers an alternative pathway to harness their beneficial attributes.

BACKGROUND The gluten-free diet (GFD) has limitations, and there is intense research in the development of adjuvant therapies. AIM To examine the effects of orally administered Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase protease (AN-PEP) on inadvertent gluten exposure and symptom prevention in adult celiac disease (CeD) patients following their usual GFD. METHODS This was an exploratory, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial that enrolled CeD patients on a long-term GFD. After a 4-wk run-in period, patients were randomized to 4 wk of two AN-PEP capsules (GliadinX; AVI Research, LLC, United States) at each of three meals per day or placebo. Outcome endpoints were: (1) Average weekly stool gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) between the run-in and end of treatments and between AN-PEP and placebo; (2) celiac symptom index (CSI); (3) CeD-specific serology; and (4) quality of life. Stool samples were collected for GIP testing by ELISA every Tuesday and Friday during run-ins and treatments. RESULTS Forty patients were randomized for the intention-to-treat analysis, and three were excluded from the per-protocol assessment. Overall, 628/640 (98.1%) stool samples were collected. GIP was undetectable (< 0.08 mu g/g) in 65.6% of samples, and no differences between treatment arms were detected. Only 0.5% of samples had GIP concentrations sufficiently high (> 0.32 mu g/g) to potentially cause mucosal damage. Median GIP concentration in the AN-PEP arm was 44.7% lower than in the run-in period. One-third of patients exhibiting GIP > 0.08 mu g/g during run-in had lower or undetectable GIP after AN-PEP treatment. Compared with the run- in period, the proportion of symptomatic patients (CSI > 38) in the AN-PEP arm was significantly lower (P < 0.03). AN-PEP did not result in changes in specific serologies. CONCLUSION This exploratory study conducted in a real-life setting revealed high adherence to the GFD. The AN-PEP treatment did not significantly reduce the overall GIP stool

The current cosmological paradigm asserts that dark matter halos provide the gravitational scaffolding for galaxy formation through a combination of hierarchical structure formation and non-linear local (g)astrophysical processes. This close relationship, known as the galaxy-halo connection, suggests that the growth and assembly of dark matter halos impact the properties of galaxies. While the stellar mass of galaxies correlates strongly with the mass of their halos, it is important to note that the galaxy-halo connection encompasses a broader distribution of galaxy and halo properties. This distribution can be constrained using data from astronomical observations and cosmological $N$-body simulations, a technique known as semi-empirical modeling. By operating at the intersection of observational data and the cosmological structure formation model, the semi-empirical modeling provides valuable insights into galaxy formation and evolution from a cosmological perspective. In this proceeding, we utilize a new sEM-emPIRical modEl, EMPIRE, to explore the star formation, SF, history of central galaxies across cosmic epochs, spanning from dwarfs to massive ellipticals. EMPIRE aims to constrain the multivariate distribution that links galaxy and halo properties. Our findings reveal distinct growth stages for progenitors of central massive galaxies. Evidence suggests that cold streams played a significant role in sustaining SF at higher $z$, while virial shock heating became more prominent at lower $z$. The maximum star formation efficiency, SFE, occurs at a factor of $\sim1.5-2$ below $M_{\rm vir \; shocks}$ for $z\lesssim1$. Furthermore, at higher redshifts, $z>1$, this peak tends towards higher masses, $M_{\rm vir}\sim 2\times 10^{12} M_{\odot}$. Notably, at redshifts higher than $z\sim2$, the peak of SFE aligns comfortably within the region characterized by cold streams., Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures. Extended contribution to the original proceeding for the XVII Latin American Regional IAU Meeting

We investigate the relation between galaxy structure and star formation rate (SFR) in a sample of $\sim2.9\times10^{4}$ central galaxies with $z<0.0674$ and axial ratios $b/a>0.5$. The star-forming main sequence (SFMS) shows a bend around the stellar mass of $M_\ast\leq{}M_c=2\times10^{10}{}M_{\odot}$. At $M_\ast\leq{}M_c$ the SFMS follows a power-law $\text{SFR}\propto{}M_\ast^{0.85}$, while at higher masses it flattens. $M_c$ corresponds to a dark matter halo mass of $M_\text{vir}\sim{}10^{11.8}M_{\odot}$ where virial shocks occurs. Some galaxy structure (e.g., half-light radius, $R_e$) exhibits a non-monotonic dependence across the SFMS at a fixed $M_\ast$. We find $\text{SFR}\propto{R_e^{-0.28}}$ at fixed $M_\ast$, consistent with the global Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) law. This finding suggests that galaxy sizes contribute to the scatter of the SFMS. However, at $M_\ast>M_c$ the relationship between SFR and $R_e$ diminishes. Low-mass galaxies above the mean of the SFMS have smaller radii, exhibit compact and centrally concentrated profiles resembling green valley (GV) and quiescent galaxies at the same mass, and have higher $M_{\text{H}_2}/M_\text{HI}$. Conversely, those below the SFMS exhibit larger radii, lower densities, have no GV or quiescent counterparts at their mass and have lower $M_{\text{H}_2}/M_\text{HI}$. The above data suggest two pathways for quenching low-mass galaxies, $M_\ast\leq{}M_c$: a fast one that changes the morphology on the SFMS and a slow one that does not. Above $M_c$, galaxies below the SFMS resemble GV and quiescent galaxies structurally, implying that they undergo a structural transformation already within the SFMS. For these massive galaxies, CG are strongly bimodal, with SFMS galaxies exhibiting negative color gradients, suggesting most star formation occurs in their outskirts, maintaining them within the SFMS., Comment: 30 pages, 28 figures, submitted to MNRAS

We present a new cosmologically motivated mock redshift survey of the Dusty Star-Forming Galaxy population. Our mock survey is based on the Bolshoi-Planck dark-matter halo simulation and covers an area of 5.3 sq. degree. Using a semi-empirical approach, we generate a light cone and populate the dark-matter haloes with galaxies. Infrared properties are assigned to the galaxies based on theoretical and empirical relations from the literature. Additionally, background galaxies are gravitationally lensed by dark-matter haloes along the line-of-sight assuming a point-mass model approximation. We characterize the mock survey by measuring the star formation rate density, integrated number counts, redshift distribution, and infrared luminosity function. When compared with single-dish and interferometric observations, the predictions from our mock survey closely follow the compiled results from the literature. We have also directed this study towards characterizing one of the extragalactic legacy surveys to be observed with the TolTEC camera at the Large Millimeter Telescope: the 0.8 sq. degree Ultra Deep Survey, with expected depths of 0.025, 0.018 and 0.012 mJy beam$^{-1}$ at 1.1, 1.4 and 2.0 mm. Exploiting the clustering information in our mock survey, we investigate its impact on the effect of flux boosting by the fainter population of dusty galaxies, finding that clustering can increase the median boosting by 0.5 per cent at 1.1 mm, 0.8 per cent at 1.4 mm and, 2.0 per cent at 2.0 mm, and with higher dispersion., Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures

We measure the clustering of low-redshift SDSS galaxies as a function of stellar mass ($10.0<\log(M_*/M_\odot)<11.5$) and specific star formation rate (sSFR) and compare the results to models of the galaxy--halo connection. We find that the auto-correlation functions of central galaxies exhibit little dependence on sSFR, with the well-known stronger clustering of quiescent galaxies mainly attributable to satellites. Because halo assembly history is known to affect distinct halo clustering, this result implies that there is little net correlation between halo assembly history and central galaxy sSFR. However, cross-correlations with satellites are stronger for quiescent centrals than star-forming centrals, consistent with quiescent centrals having more satellites in their haloes at fixed $M_*$, as found in SDSS group catalogues. We model the galaxy--halo connection in an $N$-body simulation by assigning sSFRs to central galaxies in three different ways. Two of the models depend on halo assembly history (being based on halo accretion rate or concentration), while the third is independent of halo assembly history (being based on peak halo circular velocity, $V_\text{peak}$, a proxy for halo mass). All three models replicate the observed auto-correlations of central galaxies, while only the $V_\text{peak}$ model reproduces the observed cross-correlations with satellites. This further suggests that the effects of halo assembly history may not be easily seen in auto-correlations of centrals and implies that a more complete understanding of central galaxy clustering may require more than auto-correlations of centrals alone. Additionally, the good agreement with the $V_\text{peak}$ model supports the idea that quiescent galaxies reside in more massive haloes than star-forming galaxies at fixed $M_*$., Comment: MNRAS submitted, 23 pages

Introducción: La menopausia es la fase de la vida en la cual se produce el cese permanente de la menstruación (generalmente entre las edades de 42 y 58 años), tras un periodo de doce meses consecutivos de amenorrea, siendo esta la ausencia de entre uno y más periodos menstruales. Aproximadamente el 70-80% de las mujeres en esta etapa presentan cambios o alteraciones neurovegetativos que perduran en el tiempo, siendo aún más intensos en la etapa de la posmenopausia. La posmenopausia es la etapa de la vida que viene después de la menopausia haciendo referencia a los diez años posteriores a esta. Dentro de esta etapa hay una mayor incidencia de los síntomas provocados por la menopausia, es por eso por lo que el entrenamiento en esta población puede tomar vital importancia para evitar un agravamiento de estos efectos produciendo una mejora en la calidad de vida de estas mujeres, tanto en la menopausia como después en el periodo de la posmenopausia. Para ello, surge la necesidad de la realización e incorporación de actividad física y deporte tanto aérobico como de fuerza en el día a día de esta población. Objetivo: El principal objetivo de este Trabajo fin de grado (TFG) fue evaluar y analizar los síntomas de la menopausia y ver, comprobar y contrastar como afecta el ejercicio en dichos efectos. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica en dos bases de datos diferenciadas como fuentes de información: Pubmed-Medline y Web of Science. En ellas se incluyeron estudios que aplicaran diferentes métodos de entrenamiento sobre mujeres menopáusicas y posmenopáusicas que se centraran en el estudio de las variables siguientes: mejora de la osteoporosis/densidad mineral ósea, mejora de la calidad de sueño/sofocos, mejora de la composición corporal/aumento de peso y aumento de la calidad de vida de esta población. Resultados: Un total de 10 estudios fueron finalmente seleccionados para esta revisión. Se obtuvieron mejoras de las variables seleccionadas en todos l

Achieving visual reasoning is a long-term goal of artificial intelligence. In the last decade, several studies have applied deep neural networks (DNNs) to the task of learning visual relations from images, with modest results in terms of generalization of the relations learned. However, in recent years, object-centric representation learning has been put forward as a way to achieve visual reasoning within the deep learning framework. Object-centric models attempt to model input scenes as compositions of objects and relations between them. To this end, these models use several kinds of attention mechanisms to segregate the individual objects in a scene from the background and from other objects. In this work we tested relation learning and generalization in several object-centric models, as well as a ResNet-50 baseline. In contrast to previous research, which has focused heavily in the same-different task in order to asses relational reasoning in DNNs, we use a set of tasks -- with varying degrees of difficulty -- derived from the comparative cognition literature. Our results show that object-centric models are able to segregate the different objects in a scene, even in many out-of-distribution cases. In our simpler tasks, this improves their capacity to learn and generalize visual relations in comparison to the ResNet-50 baseline. However, object-centric models still struggle in our more difficult tasks and conditions. We conclude that abstract visual reasoning remains an open challenge for DNNs, including object-centric models., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting the central nervous system, and alteration of several visual structures has been reported. Structural retinal changes are usually accompanied by changes in visual function in this disease. The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in visual function at different stages of the pathology (family history group (FH+), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild AD and moderate AD) in comparison with a control group of subjects with no cognitive decline and no family history of AD. Methods: We included 53 controls, 13 subjects with FH+, 23 patients with MCI, 25 patients with mild AD and, 21 patients with moderate AD. All were ophthalmologically healthy. Visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), colour perception, visual integration, and fundus examination were performed. Results: The analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in VA, CS and visual integration score between the MCI, mild AD and moderate AD groups compared to the control group. In the CS higher frequencies and in the colour perception test (total errors number), statistically significant differences were also observed in the MCI, mild AD and moderate AD groups with respect to the FH+ group and also between the control and AD groups. The FH+ group showed no statistically significant difference in visual functions compared to the control group. All the test correlated with the Mini Mental State Examination score and showed good predictive value when memory decline was present, with better values when AD was at a more advanced stage. Conclusion: Alterations in visual function appear in subjects with MCI and evolve when AD is established, being stable in the initial stages of the disease (mild AD and moderate AD). Therefore, visual psychophysical tests are a useful, simple and complementary tool to neuropsychological tests to facilitate diagnosis in the preclinical and early stages of AD., Research Network RETIBRAIN, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness, NEUROCENTRO. IL-C, Complutense University of Madrid, Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

This article explores the potential of geotagged data from social networks to analyse visitors’ behaviour in national parks, taking the Teide National Park as a study area. Given its unique landscape and characteristics, plus the fact that it is the most visited national park in Spain, Teide National Park presents itself as a suitable candidate to explore new sources of data for studying visitors’ behaviour in national parks. Through data from a social photo-sharing website (Flickr) and GPS tracks from a web platform (Wikiloc), we outline several visitors’ characteristics such as the spatial distribution of visitors, the points of interest with the most visits, itinerary network, temporal distribution and visitors’ country of origin. Additionally, we propose a practical use of geotagged data for determining optimal locations for new facilities such as information stands. Results show that data from social networks is suitable to analyse visitor behaviour in protected areas., Comunidad de Madrid, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

En este artículo se analizan los impactos en la accesibilidad territorial en Andalucía de las actuaciones en carreteras planificadas por la Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda de la Junta de Andalucía. Para ello, se ha desarrollado una herramienta informática basada en Sistemas de Información Geográfica, y se han calculado una serie de indicadores de accesibilidad y cohesión territorial. Para llevar a cabo el análisis de los efectos del Plan de Infraestructuras para la Sostenibilidad del Transporte en Andalucía, se han contemplado dos escenarios: uno sin las actuaciones previstas y otro con todas las actuaciones planeadas implementadas. También se han estudiado los efectos de dicho plan sobre la accesibilidad a hospitales, universidades y centros logísticos, así como las mejoras inducidas por cuatro importantes actuaciones concretas. Los resultados muestran mejoras significativas, como una reducción media en los tiempos de viaje del 3,6%, y que las actuaciones del plan de infraestructuras potencian la cohesión territorial., Junta de Andalucía, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

The analysis of complex networks has been carried out in different fields using an ample variety of method and concepts. Recently, in the general literature of regional economics, the concepts of resilience, connectivity, vulnerability and criticality have been gaining their momentum. The aim of this paper is to provide an analytical framework, using well-known accessibility indicators, in order to calculate the critical links or road sections of the Spanish high-capacity road network. Our analysis will be based on approximately four hundred sections that will be classified in five different groups according to their criticality degree in the whole network. Our analysis will be complemented with the comparison of the results obtained in five different scenarios, namely the average criticality using the effects on the whole country, Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Pontevedra. Furthermore, the paper will also analyze what kind of intrinsic characteristics of the sections favor or not the links’ criticality using a method based on a classification and regression tree. This analysis is crucial to understand other important concepts that are recently being studied in network and spatial economics, like, for example, resilience and vulnerability. It is concluded that the number of relations or routes, being a trunk or not, the road density and the time to Madrid capital play an important role in the criticality of the roads section in the high capacity road network., Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

In recent years, what has become known as collaborative consumption has undergone rapid expansion through peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms. In the field of tourism, a particularly notable example is that of Airbnb. This article analyses the spatial patterns of Airbnb in Barcelona and compares them with hotels and sightseeing spots. New sources of data, such as Airbnb listings and geolocated photographs are used. Analysis of bivariate spatial autocorrelation reveals a close spatial relationship between Airbnb and hotels, with a marked centre-periphery pattern, although Airbnb predominates around the city's main hotel axis and hotels predominate in some peripheral areas of the city. Another interesting finding is that Airbnb capitalises more on the advantages of proximity to the city's main tourist attractions than does the hotel sector. Multiple regression analysis shows that the factors explaining location are also different for hotels and Airbnb. Finally, it was possible to detect those parts of the city that have seen the greatest increase in pressure from tourism related to Airbnb's recent expansion., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain, Comisión Europea, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

Accessibility by high-speed rail (HSR) depends not only on station-to-station travel time, but also on access and egress times, which can be determining factors in total journey travel time. However, studies focusing on accessibility analyses of access/egress times to/from stations are less extended in the literature and centre mainly on the influence of access times to stations on HSR accessibility levels on a regional scale. This paper's aim is to evaluate the importance of access and egress times to/from HSR stations in an urban context. We carry out a spatiotemporal accessibility analysis that considers the temporal variations of both taxi and public transport travel times. General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) files for public transport and TomTom Speed Profiles data for cars are used to measure access/egress times. These kinds of data allow for the calculation of travel times from/to HSR stations through network analysis GIS tools at different times of the day, and thus a spatiotemporal accessibility measure can be obtained. This accessibility measure is complemented by a mass factors representing the activity ‘hotspots’ in the visited city throughout the workday, which is derived from Twitter data, while population is considered for city of residence. This method was applied to the two largest metropolitan areas in Spain: Madrid and Barcelona, where the influence of access/egress times acquires a higher relevance for rail-based trips. The results obtained show that access and egress times vary significantly during the day, depending on the levels of traffic congestion and the frequency of public transport services, which are always more favourable for taxis. In addition, weighted average access and egress times at the home end are higher than those at the activity end since population tends to show more dispersed spatial patterns than activities. Another interesting finding is that the first and last mile of the HSR trip usually account for a high percent, Ministerio de Educación, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the retina characterized by the irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leading to visual loss. Degeneration of RGCs and loss of their axons, as well as damage and remodeling of the lamina cribrosa are the main events in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Different molecular pathways are involved in RGC death, which are triggered and exacerbated as a consequence of a number of risk factors such as elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), age, ocular biomechanics, or low ocular perfusion pressure. Increased IOP is one of the most important risk factors associated with this pathology and the only one for which treatment is currently available, nevertheless, on many cases the progression of the disease continues, despite IOP control. Thus, the IOP elevation is not the only trigger of glaucomatous damage, showing the evidence that other factors can induce RGCs death in this pathology, would be involved in the advance of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. The underlying mechanisms driving the neurodegenerative process in glaucoma include ischemia/hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In glaucoma, like as other neurodegenerative disorders, the immune system is involved and immunoregulation is conducted mainly by glial cells, microglia, astrocytes, and Müller cells. The increase in IOP produces the activation of glial cells in the retinal tissue. Chronic activation of glial cells in glaucoma may provoke a proinflammatory state at the retinal level inducing blood retinal barrier disruption and RGCs death. The modulation of the immune response in glaucoma as well as the activation of glial cells constitute an interesting new approach in the treatment of glaucoma., Santander-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

There is little knowledge available on the spatial behaviour of urban tourists, and yet tourists generate an enormous quantity of data when they visit cities. These data sources can be used to track their presence through their activities. The aim of this paper is to analyse the digital footprint of urban tourists through Big Data. Unlike other papers that use a single data source, this article examines three sources of data to reflect different tourism activities in cities: Panoramio (sightseeing), Foursquare (consumption), and Twitter (being connected-accommodation). The results show that the data from the three activities are partly spatially redundant and partly complementary, and allow the characterisation of multifunction tourist spaces and spaces specialising in one or various activities. The main conclusion is that it is not sufficient to use one data source to analyse the presence of tourists in cities; several must be used in a complementary manner., Comisión Europea, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Comunidad de Madrid, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

Accessibility is essentially a dynamic concept. However, most studies on urban accessibility take a static approach, overlooking the fact that accessibility conditions change dramatically throughout the day. Due to their high spatial and temporal resolution, the new data sources (Big Data) offer new possibilities for the study of accessibility. The aim of this paper is to analyse urban accessibility considering its two components –the performance of the transport network and the attractiveness of the destinations– using a dynamic approach using data from TomTom and Twitter respectively. This allows us to obtain profiles that highlight the daily variations in accessibility in the city of Madrid, and identify the influence of congestion and the changes in location of the population. These profiles reveal significant variations according to transport zones. Each transport zone has its own accessibility profile, and thus its own specific problems, which require solutions that are also specific., Comisión Europea, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Comunidad de Madrid, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

Given the growing interest in promoting more sustainable urban transport, over the past years, many researchers have analyzed cycling mobility from different perspectives. However, some important aspects remain underexplored. One of them is the study of cycling speeds. The first goal of this research is to analyze the impact of a wide range of factor on cyclists’ speeds. Based on the examination of thousands of GPS routes, the investigation conducts diverse OLS regressions in order to analyze cyclists’ speed according to the diverse local factors that affect cyclists along their journey, such as the slope, the existence – and type – of bike infrastructures, the average traffic speed or the density of traffic lights or intersections. Cycling speed is also analyzed according to cyclists’ gender or age, the purpose of the journey, or even the weather conditions. The research includes the analysis of regular cyclists’ trips, as well as the analysis of bike-messengers’ routes. The results obtained shed light on the influence of these factors on cyclists’ speed by quantifying their specific impact, and diverse models predict cyclists’ travel times in the current scenario but also in future ones that may correspond to the implementation of new infrastructure or policies. In addition, the models allowed us to pursue the second goal of this study: to conduct a comparative analysis of accessibility for different transport modes, and then evaluate the competitiveness between them. The results evidence that cycling is not only a sustainable transport mode, but the most competitive for small-medium distances., Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund, Madrid Regional Government, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

El texto completo de este trabajo no se encuentra disponible por no haber sido facilitado aún por su autor, por restricciones de copyright, o por no existir una versión digital, A procedure to characterize beams of a medical linear accelerator for their use in Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculations for intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT) is presented. The procedure relies on dose measurements in homogeneous media as input, avoiding the need for detailed simulations of the accelerator head. An iterative algorithm (EM-ML) has been employed to extract the relevant details of the phase space (PHSP) of the particles coming from the accelerator, such as energy spectra, spatial distribution and angle of emission of particles. The algorithm can use pre-computed dose volumes in water and/or air, so that the machine-specific tuning with actual data can be performed in a few minutes. To test the procedure, MC simulations of a linear accelerator with typical IOERT applicators and energies, have been performed and taken as reference. A solution PHSP derived from the dose produced by the simulated accelerator has been compared to the reference PHSP. Further, dose delivered by the simulated accelerator for setups not included in the fit of the PHSP were compared to the ones derived from the solution PHSP. The results show that it is possible to derive from dose measurements PHSP accurate for IOERT MC dose estimations., Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Regional Development Fund, Cluster de Calculo de Alta Capacidad para Tecnicas Fisicas, Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

Se ha debatido largamente sobre la realidad de las amnesias disociativas. Desde perspectivas clínicas se ha apoyado la existencia de este fenómeno que se ha intentado extrapolar a contextos legales. Sin embargo, existe poca evidencia para poder confirmarlo, al tiempo que las amnesias disociativas o memorias reprimidas irían en contra de las evidencias sobre el funcionamiento de la memoria. La confusión entre psicología clínica y psicología forense, una inadecuada definición de amnesia, el desconocimiento de muchos de los mecanismos de la memoria y los problemas inherentes a la investigación sobre las memorias traumáticas explicarían la falta de acuerdo., Depto. de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

Social network data offer interesting opportunities in urban studies. In this study, we used Twitter data to analyse city dynamics over the course of the day. Users of this social network were grouped according to city zone and time slot in order to analyse the daily dynamics of the city and the relationship between this and land use. First, daytime activity in each zone was compared with activity at night in order to determine which zones showed increased activity in each of the time slots. Then, typical Twitter activity profiles were obtained based on the predominant land use in each zone, indicating how land uses linked to activities were activated during the day, but at different rates depending on the type of land use. Lastly, a multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the influence of the different land uses on each of the major time slots (morning, afternoon, evening and night) through their changing coefficients. Activity tended to decrease throughout the day for most land uses (e.g. offices, education, health and transport), but remained constant in parks and increased in retail and residential zones. Our results show that social network data can be used to improve our understanding of the link between land use and urban dynamics., Comisión Europea, Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

Children and people with intellectual disability (ID) are considered to be highly vulnerable and in need of special protection against sexual abuse (SA). The objective of this work was to analyze the characteristics of cases of SA in children with typical development and in people with ID in Spain. To do so, 25 cases of each type that had been investigated by specialized groups of the Judicial Police of the Spanish Civil Guard and that had been classified as proven and confirmed by police and forensic-medical evidence were analyzed. The results allowed the establishment of the typical minor victim profile as Spanish female (76%), with an average age of 8.64 years. Typical victim with ID was characterized as being of Spanish, aged 20.28 years on average, without prior sexual experience, and similar percentages of males (40%) and females (60%). In both cases, the aggressor usually acted alone, was known to the victim, had an average age of 42 years, and without a history of sexual offenses. The most common child sexual crime was SA with penetration, practiced repeatedly, using strategies such as the use of force, authority, rewards, or secrecy. Victims with ID suffered sexual abuse with penetration, using force, authority, threats or blackmail. Finally, 36% of minors not disclose the events by only 8% of victims with ID. Spontaneity was found in the 40% first disclosure in both victims, with greater police evidence and greater recognition of guilt on behalf of the aggressors against victims without disabilities. Minors took an average of 26.26 days to report the facts, and victims with ID of 64.94. It is necessary to know more about these types of offenses to design appropriate prevention and detection programs., Depto. de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

This work has been supported by the Spanish MCYT Project MAT2010-17571, S2009/MAT-1756/CAM and ConsoliderIngenio CSD2006–2010. The authors are grateful for the financial support for beam time at the BM16 Spanish beam line-ESRF (proposal Nu 16-01-741). A. E. P. P. acknowledges a JAE fellowship from CSIC and Fondo Social Europeo from the EU., Five novel metal organic frameworks, belonging to three structural types, have been obtained hydrothermally. Three of them, with formula [M-3(hfipbb)(2)(OH)(2)(H2O)] (M = Mn, Co, Ni; hfipbb = 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(benzoate) dianion) belong to the first structural type. The crystal structure of the Mn-based compound was obtained from single crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction data, while the isostructural compounds of Co and Ni were studied by means of Rietveld analysis using powder X-ray diffraction data. The magnetic behavior of the compounds with M = Co and Ni is characterized by the onset of long-range ferromagnetic order at very low temperature with Curie temperatures near 8 and 2.5 K, respectively. Such spontaneous magnetization seems to be preceded by low-dimensional magnetic interactions, due to the nature of the secondary building units (SBUs) of the structure, which are triple chains built by M3O14 units. Structural and topological analyses of [Mn-2(hfipbb)(2)(H(2)hfipbb)] and [Co-2(hfipbb)(2)(H(2)hfipbb)] (2 and 3 structural types, respectively; H(2)hfipbb = 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(benzoic acid)) demonstrate that the packing of the rod-shaped SBUs in 2 prevents the framework interpenetration giving rise to a bnn net whereas 3 is a 2-fold interpenetrated pcu net with isolated paddle-wheel clusters as SBUs pcu. Concerning the magnetic behavior of 2 and 3, antiferromagnetic interactions observed at very low temperature (magnetic susceptibility maximum at 2.8 and 18 K, respectively) are confined to the secondary building units., MCYT, Depto. de Química Inorgánica, Fac. de Ciencias Químicas, TRUE, pub

Small modular reactors (SMRs) are advanced nuclear reactors with a power capacity of up to 300 MW(e) per unit. SMRs encompass a variety of reactor technologies including light water reactors, high temperature gas reactors, molten salt reactors, liquid metal cooled fast reactors, and heat pipe technology-based reactors. The research and design of these diverse SMR types require a broad set of technological capabilities related to nuclear engineering and safety. Within this context, this article attempts to assess the current state of research and technological progress achieved by the Spanish research groups and companies. The results reveal a significant level of maturity among these groups and companies in various domains such as neutronic analysis, thermal hydraulic analysis, the improvement of models related to severe accident scenarios and an active involvement in the design of novel SMR., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, a highly sensitive technique for detecting trace-level analytes, relies on plasmonic substrates. The choice of substrate, its morphology, and the excitation wavelength are crucial in SERS applications. To address advanced SERS requirements, the design and use of efficient nanocomposite substrates have become increasingly important. Notably, magnetic-plasmonic (MP) nanocomposites, which combine magnetic and plasmonic properties within a single particle system, stand out as promising nanoarchitectures with versatile applications in nanomedicine and SERS spectroscopy. In this review, we present an overview of MP nanocomposite fabrication methods, explore surface functionalization strategies, and evaluate their use in SERS. Our focus is on how different nanocomposite designs, magnetic and plasmonic properties, and surface modifications can significantly influence their SERS-related characteristics, thereby affecting their performance in specific applications such as separation, environmental monitoring, and biological applications. Reviewing recent studies highlights the multifaceted nature of these materials, which have great potential to transform SERS applications across a range of fields, from medical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. Finally, we discuss the prospects of MP nanocomposites, anticipating favorable developments that will make substantial contributions to various scientific and technological areas.© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Multiple benchmarks have been developed to assess the alignment between deep neural networks (DNNs) and human vision. In almost all cases these benchmarks are observational in the sense they are composed of behavioural and brain responses to naturalistic images that have not been manipulated to test hypotheses regarding how DNNs or humans perceive and identify objects. Here we introduce the toolbox MindSet: Vision, consisting of a collection of image datasets and related scripts designed to test DNNs on 30 psychological findings. In all experimental conditions, the stimuli are systematically manipulated to test specific hypotheses regarding human visual perception and object recognition. In addition to providing pre-generated datasets of images, we provide code to regenerate these datasets, offering many configurable parameters which greatly extend the dataset versatility for different research contexts, and code to facilitate the testing of DNNs on these image datasets using three different methods (similarity judgments, out-of-distribution classification, and decoder method), accessible at https://github.com/MindSetVision/mindset-vision. We test ResNet-152 on each of these methods as an example of how the toolbox can be used.

El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar si el compromiso afectivo, el contrato psicológico relacional, la actitud y la norma subjetiva afectan la intención de compartir conocimiento tácito y la transferencia interna organizacional de conocimiento tácito. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, no probabilístico, explicativo, transversal y no experimental. Se aplicaron 346 cuestionarios a colaboradores de la industria automotriz en la frontera norte de México. El análisis estadístico fue mediante ecuaciones estructurales basado en mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS). Los resultados indican que el compromiso afectivo no está relacionado con la intención de compartir conocimiento tácito, pero sí con la transferencia interna organizacional de conocimiento tácito. Asimismo, el contrato psicológico relacional, la actitud y la norma subjetiva impactan favorablemente la intención de compartir conocimiento tácito y esta última incide positivamente sobre la transferencia interna organizacional de conocimiento tácito. Estos hallazgos abonan al conocimiento académico, ya que en México los constructos solo han sido abordados en forma independiente.

Hybrid composites between nanoparticles and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been described as optimal materials for a wide range of applications in optical sensing, drug delivery, pollutant removal or catalysis. These materials are usually core-shell single- or multi-nanoparticles, restricting the inorganic surface available for reaction. Here, we develop a method for the preparation of yolk-shells consisting in a plasmonic gold nanostar coated with MOF. This configuration shows more colloidal stability, can sieve different molecules based on their size or charge, seems to show some interesting synergy with gold for their application in photocatalysis and present strong optical activity to be used as SERS sensors.

Quantum state transfer is a key operation for quantum information processing. The original pitch-and-catch protocols rely on flying qubits or single photons with engineered wavepacket shapes to achieve a deterministic, fast and high-fidelity transfer. Yet, these protocols overlook two important factors, namely, the distortion of the wavepacket during the propagation and non-Markovian effects during the emission and reabsorption processes due to time-dependent controls. Here we address both difficulties in a general quantum-optical model and propose a correction strategy to improve quantum state transfer protocols. Including non-Markovian effects in our theoretical description, we show how to derive control pulses that imprint phases on the wavepacket that compensate the distortion caused by propagation. Our theoretical results are supported by detailed numerical simulations showing that a suitable correction strategy can improve state transfer fidelities up to three orders of magnitude.

El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar si el compromiso afectivo, el contrato psicológico relacional, la actitud y la norma subjetiva afectan la intención de compartir conocimiento tácito y la transferencia interna organizacional de conocimiento tácito. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, no probabilístico, explicativo, transversal y no experimental. Se aplicaron 346 cuestionarios a colaboradores de la industria automotriz en la frontera norte de México. El análisis estadístico fue mediante ecuaciones estructurales basado en mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS). Los resultados indican que el compromiso afectivo no está relacionado con la intención de compartir conocimiento tácito, pero sí con la transferencia interna organizacional de conocimiento tácito. Asimismo, el contrato psicológico relacional, la actitud y la norma subjetiva impactan favorablemente la intención de compartir conocimiento tácito y esta última incide positivamente sobre la transferencia interna organizacional de conocimiento tácito. Estos hallazgos abonan al conocimiento académico, ya que en México los constructos solo han sido abordados en forma independiente.

We consider a finite one-dimensional chain of quantum rotors interacting with a set of thermal baths at different temperatures. When the interaction between the rotors is made chiral, such a system behaves as an autonomous thermal motor, converting heat currents into non-vanishing rotational ones. Such a dynamical response is strongly pronounced in the range of the Hamiltonian parameters for which the ground state of the system in the thermodynamic limit exhibits a quantum phase transition. Such working points are associated with large quantum coherence and multipartite quantum correlations within the state of the system. This suggests that the optimal operating regime of such quantum autonomous motor is one of maximal quantumness.

Here, we present and implement a new approach for producing modular inkjet-printable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) chemosensors. These sensors, combined with a rapid large field-of-view imaging system allow for fast imaging of the chemical characteristics of a sample. The performance of these materials is illustrated by printing a pH sensor on paper and interrogating aqueous solutions at different pH values. Results show single-shot images exceeding 9 mm2 which are readily read out via SERS imaging.

Background Caregiver burden is related to personal factors and patient characteristics and is greater when neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are present. Objective: Estimate the prevalence of burden among caregivers of dementia patients and its association with NPSs and identify NPSs causing greater caregiver distress according to dementia stage. Methods A cross-sectional observational study in caregivers of noninstitutionalized dementia patients was conducted. Caregiver variables were sociodemographic, time of care, NPS-associated distress based on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Caregiver Distress Scale (NPI-D) and burden based on the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Patient variables were time since disease onset, Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) disease stage, functional assessment and NPS presence and intensity according to the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). The mean ZBI score, prevalence of burden and NPI-D score with 95% CIs at each dementia stage were estimated. Factors associated with burden were identified by multivariate analysis. Results Of the 125 caregivers included, 77.6% were women, with a mean age of 60.7 (± 14.3) years; 78.4% (95%CI: 71.0; 86.0) experienced burden. The mean ZBI score was 12.3 (95%CI: 11.6; 12.9) and increased according to NPS number (p = 0.042). The NPSs causing the most burden were disinhibition (93.5%), irritability (87.3%) and agitation (86.1%). Agitation, apathy, and sleep disorders were the NPSs generating the greatest overall caregiver distress; depression (max NPI-D 1.9), hyperactivity (max NPI-D 2.1), and psychosis symptoms (max NPI-D 1.6) generated the greatest distress at stage GDS 3, stages GDS 4–5, and stages GDS 6–7, respectively. The NPI score (OR = 1.0, 95%CI 1.0; 1.1), intensity of irritability (OR = 1.2, 95%CI 1.0; 1.6), disinhibition (OR = 2.6, 95%CI 1.1; 5.8) and hyperactivity subsyndrome (OR = 1.1, 95%CI 1.0; 1.2) were associated with caregiver burden. Other associated factors were female gender (OR = 6.0, 95%CI 1

Received: 15 December 2022 ; Accepted: 22 June 2023 ; Published: 06 July 2023. This article is part of the Research Topic: Early Indicators of Cognitive Decline, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Related Dementias Captured by Neurophysiological Tools, Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting the central nervous system, and alteration of several visual structures has been reported. Structural retinal changes are usually accompanied by changes in visual function in this disease. The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in visual function at different stages of the pathology (family history group (FH+), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild AD and moderate AD) in comparison with a control group of subjects with no cognitive decline and no family history of AD. Methods: We included 53 controls, 13 subjects with FH+, 23 patients with MCI, 25 patients with mild AD and, 21 patients with moderate AD. All were ophthalmologically healthy. Visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), colour perception, visual integration, and fundus examination were performed. Results: The analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in VA, CS and visual integration score between the MCI, mild AD and moderate AD groups compared to the control group. In the CS higher frequencies and in the colour perception test (total errors number), statistically significant differences were also observed in the MCI, mild AD and moderate AD groups with respect to the FH+ group and also between the control and AD groups. The FH+ group showed no statistically significant difference in visual functions compared to the control group. All the test correlated with the Mini Mental State Examination score and showed good predictive value when memory decline was present, with better values when AD was at a more advanced stage. Conclusion: Alterations in visual function appear in subjects with MCI and evolve when AD is established, being stable in the initial stages of the disease (mild AD and moderate AD). Therefore, visual psychophysical tests are a useful, simple and complementary tool to neuropsychological tests to facilitate diagnosis in the preclinical and early stages of AD., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Unidad Docente de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Depto. de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ocular neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration are common retinal diseases responsible for most of the blindness causes in the working-age and elderly populations in developed countries. Many of the current treatments used in these pathologies fail to stop or slow the progression of the disease. Therefore, other types of treatments with neuroprotective characteristics may be necessary to allow a more satisfactory management of the disease. Citicoline and coenzyme Q10 are molecules that have neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, and their use could have a beneficial effect in ocular neurodegenerative pathologies. This review provides a compilation, mainly from the last 10 years, of the main studies that have been published on the use of these drugs in these neurodegenerative diseases of the retina, analyzing the usefulness of these drugs in these pathologies., Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Visufarma España, Unidad Docente de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Received 19 October 2022, Revised 11 December 2022, Accepted 27 December 2022, Available online 13 January 2023, Version of Record 13 January 2023, The aim is to provide an assessment of radiation damage in coated films on refractive substrates that could be used as relevant information to protect the field lenses in optical diagnostics for ITER. Radiation-resistant optical materials with transparent properties should transfer light from plasma to detectors through the interspace until the port cell area where they are located (more than 10 m from the vacuum window). These optical coatings and substrates should have resilience enough to withstand neutron and gamma irradiation without significant degradation of their transmittance. Coated sapphire (Al2O3 windows), YAG with Broad Band Anti-Reflective (BBAR) and substrates of BaF2/CaF2 protected with anti-humidity coating (Parylene-C) were extensively tested. After testing, transmission mea- surements and analysis of optical surfaces yield significant discoveries. All substrates showed good refractive performance under gamma radiation. On the contrary, Parylene-C did not resist temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius as expected, according to manufacturing specifications. In addition, it was observed that with an energy dose of 332 kGy of gamma rays and a significantly lower temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, the Parylene-C protection is also damaged. Coated sapphire had the best overall performance with respect to the neutron irradiation tests. Nevertheless, the decrease in transmission observed in the YAG and BaF2 coated samples is not significant for the expected cumulative neutron dose that these samples will receive at their location within the diagnostic. This information was considered for the selection of the best candidates as refractive lenses and optical coatings for the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) of ex-vessel components that will integrate the Wide-Angle Viewing System (WAVS) for ITER Equatorial Port 12., Fusion for Energy, Sección Deptal. de Óptica (Óptica), Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

In the past ten years, cities have experienced a burst of micromobility services as they offer a flexible transport option that allows users to cover short trips or the first/last mile of longer trips. Despite their potential impacts on mobility and the fact that they offer a cleaner, more environmentally friendly alternative to private cars, few efforts have been devoted to studying patterns of use. In this paper we introduce new ways of visualizing and understanding spatiotemporal patterns of micromobility in Madrid based on the conceptual framework of Time-Geography. Hägerstrand’s perspectives are taken and adapted to analyze data regarding use of micromobility, considering each trip departure location (origins) obtained from GPS records. The datasets are collected by three of the most important micromobility operators in the city. Trip origins (points) are processed and visualized using space–time cubes and then spatially analyzed in a GIS environment. The results of this analysis help to identify the landscape of micromobility in the city, detecting hotspot areas and location clusters that share similar behavior throughout space and time in terms of micromobility departures. The methods presented can have application in other cities and could offer insights for transport planners and micromobility operators to better inform urban planning and transportation policy. Additionally, the information could help operators to optimize vehicle redistribution and maintenance/recharging tasks, reducing congestion and increasing efficiency., Depto. de Geografía, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, FALSE, pub

The Arctic Ocean is home to a unique fauna that is disproportionately affected by global warming but that remains under-studied. Due to their high mobility and responsiveness to global warming, cephalopods and fishes are good indicators of the reshuffling of Arctic communities. Here, we established a nekton biodiversity baseline for the Fram Strait, the only deep connection between the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. Using universal primers for fishes (12S) and cephalopods (18S), we amplified environmental DNA (eDNA) from seawater (50–2700 m) and deep-sea sediment samples collected at the LTER HAUSGARTEN observatory. We detected 12 cephalopod and 31 fish taxa in the seawater and seven cephalopod and 28 fish taxa in the sediment, including the elusive Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus). Our data suggest three fish (Mallotus villosus, Thunnus sp., and Micromesistius poutassou) and one squid (Histioteuthis sp.) range expansions. The detection of eDNA of pelagic origin in the sediment also suggests that M. villosus, Arctozenus risso, and M. poutassou as well as gonatid squids are potential contributors to the carbon flux. Continuous nekton monitoring is needed to understand the ecosystem impacts of rapid warming in the Arctic and eDNA proves to be a suitable tool for this endeavor.

Se trata de un estudio de tipo descriptivo, no experimental y transversal que pretende determinar si la actitud hacia el YouTubers y su contenido influyen en el impacto del anuncio comercial en su audiencia. Se encuestaron a hombres y mujeres de 18 a 24 años de México, Brasil, Colombia y Ecuador. El tratamiento de los datos por ecuaciones estructurales y prueba de hipótesis fue a través de SPSS v25, Amos v24, SmartPLS 3 y EQS 6.3. Se puede inferir que existe una relación directa entre la actitud del YouTuber y el uso de productos en su contenido generando empatía de sus seguidores. Que coadyuva a la intención de compra por las actitudes aspiracionales de los YouTubers: estilo de vida que quiere o desea. Adquiriendo marcas o productos que el YouTuber consume mencionando o no los atributos de estos.

Se trata de un estudio de tipo descriptivo, no experimental y transversal que pretende determinar si la actitud hacia el YouTubers y su contenido influyen en el impacto del anuncio comercial en su audiencia. Se encuestaron a hombres y mujeres de 18 a 24 años de México, Brasil, Colombia y Ecuador. El tratamiento de los datos por ecuaciones estructurales y prueba de hipótesis fue a través de SPSS v25, Amos v24, SmartPLS 3 y EQS 6.3. Se puede inferir que existe una relación directa entre la actitud del YouTuber y el uso de productos en su contenido generando empatía de sus seguidores. Que coadyuva a la intención de compra por las actitudes aspiracionales de los YouTubers: estilo de vida que quiere o desea. Adquiriendo marcas o productos que el YouTuber consume mencionando o no los atributos de estos.