Search

788 p., La elevada frecuencia y la gravedad de sus consecuencias han impulsado un creciente cuerpo de investigación que incide en apuntar a las Experiencias Adversas Infantiles como un problema de salud pública. Uno de los fenómenos más estudiados en términos de consecuencias del trauma temprano por la experiencia de adversidad, en el contexto de las relaciones de apego, es el Síndrome por estrés Postraumático Complejo (TEPT-C), recientemente incluido en la última versión de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-11). Se hace necesaria la existencia de instrumentos de evaluación de experiencias de adversidad infantil, considerando estas, como un potente factor de riesgo predictor de trastornos mentales, físicos, así como de conjunto de síntomas que reflejan perturbaciones en la autorregulación afectiva, cognitiva y comportamental. Este estudio, pretende la validación de un Cuestionario de Adversidad en la Infancia (CAI), mostrando en los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio una alta fiabilidad y validez. Así como el estudio de la correlación de ACEs con sintomatología de TEPT-C, cuantificado en un listado de síntomas relacionados con le trauma complejo (LSTC). A su vez, se ha realizado un estudio de aproximación a la prevalencia de apraición de las EAI en la población estudiada.

El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en explorar las características de los progenitores y cómo estas influyen en el bienestar de los hijos/as respecto a la tipología de familia. Para ello, se utilizó una muestra de 99 familias (33 biológicas, 33 adoptivas y 33 de acogida) compuestas por ambos progenitores y los/as menores. Se realizaron análisis correlacionales, regresiones lineales jerárquicas y mediaciones. Tras el análisis de los datos, los resultados obtenidos indicaron que la sintomatología de los progenitores está asociada al bienestar infantil. Además, se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las características de los progenitores y sus hijos/as en función del tipo de familia a la que pertenecían, observando que las familias adoptivas y de acogida mostraban niveles menos elevados de bienestar que las familias biológicas. Asimismo, se encontró que la resiliencia y dos de sus subescalas (autonomía y autoestima) amortiguaban el efecto de estrés infantil en los problemas emocionales y desarrollo madurativo de los/as menores. Por ello, el bienestar infantil es un derecho vital y se engloba dentro de la protección de la infancia. Esto es especialmente relevante en el contexto de las familias adoptivas y de acogida, donde el bienestar infantil adquiere especial significado debido a las potenciales vulnerabilidades.

The effectiveness of teachers is influenced by various elements, one of which is engagement, understood as a psychological connection to the work they perform. This connection serves as a protective mechanism against work-related stress or its counterpart known as burnout syndrome. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the level of engagement in teachers of pedagogy programs at the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters, and Education Sciences at the University of Cuenca during the 2023-2024 period. The study was conducted with a population of 31 teachers. The approach used in this study was quantitative and cross- sectional descriptive. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) by Schaufeli and Bakker, along with a sociodemographic form, were employed as instruments. The research concluded that teachers exhibit very high levels of engagement. Similarly, predominant levels were observed according to sociodemographic variables, highlighting that teachers over 60 years old and those with temporary contracts show higher levels of engagement. Regarding gender, no significant difference was observed; however, the group of women exhibited a slightly higher level of engagement. Additionally, the study revealed the predominance of one of its dimensions: Dedication.

Stress is a state of physiological and psychological activation that allows a response to situations that the person perceives as demanding; it is a natural reaction that allows adaptation and survival as long as the states of psychological activation are not prolonged. Likewise, eating behaviors are the set of habits that have to do with the choice, quantity and way in which food is consumed; if not carried out appropriately, they generate alterations in mental and physical health. Therefore, the objective of this research was to describe the levels of the types of stress symptoms and the types of eating behaviors in tenth cycle medical students at the University of Cuenca. The research had a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design with a cross-section and a descriptive scope. It had the participation of 55 medical students. The instruments used were the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), and the Stress Symptoms Inventory and a sociodemographic sheet. As a result, it was obtained that the 3 types of stress levels; physical, psychological and behavioral are at a medium level. Meanwhile, at the levels of types of eating behaviors, diet, bulimia and preoccupation with food predominate. In conclusion, students maintain some concern about their body image, which is why they choose to diet; take care of the type of food they eat, in addition to presenting compensatory behaviors as a means to lose weight.

Personality, understood as a set of bio-psycho-socio-cultural variables that determine behavioral patterns, exerts a significant influence in various areas of life and is crucial for training and professional development, especially in the field of psychology. With the purpose of developing a personality profile in fifth and seventh cycle students of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca in 2023, a descriptive and transversal research was carried out. The data, collected using the Multiphasic Personality Inventory 16 PF-5, revealed notable results. 71.15% of the students showed a high score in self-sufficiency, indicating tendencies towards independence and a preference for individuality or solitude. When analyzed by sociodemographic variables, high averages were observed in factors of vigilance, apprehension and tension in women, suggesting a skeptical, cautious, worried and impatient personality. In contrast, men exhibited low independence. Both genders showed high results in abstraction and self-sufficiency. This study highlights the importance of understanding the personality of psychology students for adequate university training and the development of essential skills in the field of mental health. The results provide a detailed view of the personality characteristics prevalent in this specific group, which can contribute to adapting pedagogical and guidance strategies to optimize their academic training and future professional practice.

The effective performance of teachers at the work level depends on factors such as engagement, whose concept is conceived as that psychological connection with the work; similarly, job satisfaction is understood as a positive or negative perceptual attitude of the employee towards his or her job. These variables are opposite indicators of work stress or burnout syndrome. Therefore, the objective of this research was to describe the levels of engagement and job satisfaction present in the teachers of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca, period 2022-2023. The study was carried out with a population of 35 teachers and technical-teachers. The approach to be used was quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17), translated by Benevides, and the Palma Job Satisfaction Scale (SL-SPC) were applied, in addition to a sociodemographic sheet. The results indicated that university teachers present high levels of engagement at a general level, and in the sociodemographic categories proposed, in addition to the predominance of the dedication factor. Meanwhile, a 'satisfied' level was evident in the participating population. It was concluded that the teaching staff of the public institution maintains optimal work performance because of good perceptual responses to working conditions, environment, interpersonal relationships and personal achievements; reflected in the high levels of engagement and satisfaction.

The lack of impulse control and craving, with its dimensions of intense desire and disinhibition towards any substance to which there is an addiction, are key factors in relapse and lack of success in treatment and rehabilitation. The objective of this research was to describe the association between alcohol craving and impulse control in adults who belong to therapeutic communities, in Cuenca-Ecuador during the period 2023-2024. Through convenience sampling, we worked with 86 people diagnosed with alcohol use disorder, belonging to the Centro de Reposo y Adicciones Hospital Psiquiátrico Humberto Ugalde Camacho (24), the Centros Especializados en Tratamiento a Personas con Consumo Problemático de Alcohol y otras drogas EXITUS (11), and the Austro district of Narcóticos Anónimos (51). The research had a quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional approach with a correlational scope. Two instruments were used: the Multifactorial Alcohol Craving Scale, to measure craving, and for impulse control, the Ramón y Cajal Impulse Control Scale. The results indicated moderate levels of alcohol craving and impulse control. A statistically significant association was also found between these. It is concluded that as craving and impulse control are associated, both variables should be considered at the time of intervention.

The lack of impulse control and craving, with its dimensions of intense desire and disinhibition towards any substance to which there is an addiction, are key factors in relapse and lack of success in treatment and rehabilitation. The objective of this research was to describe the association between alcohol craving and impulse control in adults who belong to therapeutic communities, in Cuenca-Ecuador during the period 2023-2024. Through convenience sampling, we worked with 86 people diagnosed with alcohol use disorder, belonging to the Centro de Reposo y Adicciones Hospital Psiquiátrico Humberto Ugalde Camacho (24), the Centros Especializados en Tratamiento a Personas con Consumo Problemático de Alcohol y otras drogas EXITUS (11), and the Austro district of Narcóticos Anónimos (51). The research had a quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional approach with a correlational scope. Two instruments were used: the Multifactorial Alcohol Craving Scale, to measure craving, and for impulse control, the Ramón y Cajal Impulse Control Scale. The results indicated moderate levels of alcohol craving and impulse control. A statistically significant association was also found between these. It is concluded that as craving and impulse control are associated, both variables should be considered at the time of intervention.

The effectiveness of teachers is influenced by various elements, one of which is engagement, understood as a psychological connection to the work they perform. This connection serves as a protective mechanism against work-related stress or its counterpart known as burnout syndrome. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the level of engagement in teachers of pedagogy programs at the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters, and Education Sciences at the University of Cuenca during the 2023-2024 period. The study was conducted with a population of 31 teachers. The approach used in this study was quantitative and cross- sectional descriptive. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) by Schaufeli and Bakker, along with a sociodemographic form, were employed as instruments. The research concluded that teachers exhibit very high levels of engagement. Similarly, predominant levels were observed according to sociodemographic variables, highlighting that teachers over 60 years old and those with temporary contracts show higher levels of engagement. Regarding gender, no significant difference was observed; however, the group of women exhibited a slightly higher level of engagement. Additionally, the study revealed the predominance of one of its dimensions: Dedication.

The effective performance of teachers at the work level depends on factors such as engagement, whose concept is conceived as that psychological connection with the work; similarly, job satisfaction is understood as a positive or negative perceptual attitude of the employee towards his or her job. These variables are opposite indicators of work stress or burnout syndrome. Therefore, the objective of this research was to describe the levels of engagement and job satisfaction present in the teachers of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca, period 2022-2023. The study was carried out with a population of 35 teachers and technical-teachers. The approach to be used was quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17), translated by Benevides, and the Palma Job Satisfaction Scale (SL-SPC) were applied, in addition to a sociodemographic sheet. The results indicated that university teachers present high levels of engagement at a general level, and in the sociodemographic categories proposed, in addition to the predominance of the dedication factor. Meanwhile, a 'satisfied' level was evident in the participating population. It was concluded that the teaching staff of the public institution maintains optimal work performance because of good perceptual responses to working conditions, environment, interpersonal relationships and personal achievements; reflected in the high levels of engagement and satisfaction.

The stage of adulthood is characterized by changes and limitations that often require assistance in basic activities, generating the need for formal caregivers. These professionals face a variety of factors that affect their quality of life, especially when performing their functions in geriatric settings. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the levels of well-being of elderly caregivers in these centers. Given the likelihood that formal caregivers will experience various conditions, it is imperative to consider their emotional health and well-being. To address this problem, a sociodemographic sheet and the WHOQOL-BREF Scale were implemented, developed by the Quality of Life Assessment Group of the World Health Organization in 1996. This scale evaluated four domains: physical, psychological, social and environmental, in a population of 31 formal caregivers. The research was carried out under a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental design and a descriptive scope. The results obtained revealed a positive perception in terms of quality of life and health well-being at a general level, although the environmental domain was identified as the most affected. In relation to the identification of sociodemographic characteristics, it was observed that mestizo women, aged 50 years or older, exhibited better psychological mastery and higher quality of life. This finding was followed by the group of participants between the ages of 30 and 39, who stood out in the physical health dimension.

Personality, understood as a set of bio-psycho-socio-cultural variables that determine behavioral patterns, exerts a significant influence in various areas of life and is crucial for training and professional development, especially in the field of psychology. With the purpose of developing a personality profile in fifth and seventh cycle students of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca in 2023, a descriptive and transversal research was carried out. The data, collected using the Multiphasic Personality Inventory 16 PF-5, revealed notable results. 71.15% of the students showed a high score in self-sufficiency, indicating tendencies towards independence and a preference for individuality or solitude. When analyzed by sociodemographic variables, high averages were observed in factors of vigilance, apprehension and tension in women, suggesting a skeptical, cautious, worried and impatient personality. In contrast, men exhibited low independence. Both genders showed high results in abstraction and self-sufficiency. This study highlights the importance of understanding the personality of psychology students for adequate university training and the development of essential skills in the field of mental health. The results provide a detailed view of the personality characteristics prevalent in this specific group, which can contribute to adapting pedagogical and guidance strategies to optimize their academic training and future professional practice.

Stress is a state of physiological and psychological activation that allows a response to situations that the person perceives as demanding; it is a natural reaction that allows adaptation and survival as long as the states of psychological activation are not prolonged. Likewise, eating behaviors are the set of habits that have to do with the choice, quantity and way in which food is consumed; if not carried out appropriately, they generate alterations in mental and physical health. Therefore, the objective of this research was to describe the levels of the types of stress symptoms and the types of eating behaviors in tenth cycle medical students at the University of Cuenca. The research had a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design with a cross-section and a descriptive scope. It had the participation of 55 medical students. The instruments used were the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), and the Stress Symptoms Inventory and a sociodemographic sheet. As a result, it was obtained that the 3 types of stress levels; physical, psychological and behavioral are at a medium level. Meanwhile, at the levels of types of eating behaviors, diet, bulimia and preoccupation with food predominate. In conclusion, students maintain some concern about their body image, which is why they choose to diet; take care of the type of food they eat, in addition to presenting compensatory behaviors as a means to lose weight.

The effectiveness of teachers is influenced by various elements, one of which is engagement, understood as a psychological connection to the work they perform. This connection serves as a protective mechanism against work-related stress or its counterpart known as burnout syndrome. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the level of engagement in teachers of pedagogy programs at the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters, and Education Sciences at the University of Cuenca during the 2023-2024 period. The study was conducted with a population of 31 teachers. The approach used in this study was quantitative and cross- sectional descriptive. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) by Schaufeli and Bakker, along with a sociodemographic form, were employed as instruments. The research concluded that teachers exhibit very high levels of engagement. Similarly, predominant levels were observed according to sociodemographic variables, highlighting that teachers over 60 years old and those with temporary contracts show higher levels of engagement. Regarding gender, no significant difference was observed; however, the group of women exhibited a slightly higher level of engagement. Additionally, the study revealed the predominance of one of its dimensions: Dedication.

La evaluación de la calidad de la atención en el ámbito de la salud es un requisito obligatorio para la mejora de los servicios ofrecidos. Sin embargo, existen pocas medidas válidas y estandarizadas, especialmente en el campo de la atención psicológica clínica. El objetivo del presente estudio es el desarrollo y validación de un índice de medida de la calidad asistencial desde la perspectiva de los especialistas de psicología clínica, que permita una evaluación ágil y de fácil interpretación. Participaron 83 especialistas de psicología clínica del Servicio Andaluz de Salud. Mediante análisis psicométricos, se obtuvo un índice compuesto por cuatro indicadores esenciales, con excelentes valores de consistencia interna e índices de ajuste adecuados para un modelo unidimensional. El índice obtenido es una herramienta útil, fiable, válida y sensible para la monitorización de la calidad de las prestaciones de psicología clínica y la evalu ación de programas de mejora basados en evidencias empíricas., The evaluation of healthcare quality is a mandatory requirement for improving the services offered. However, there are few valid and standardized measures, especially in the field of clinical psychology care. The objective of this study is to develop and validate a quality¬of-care measurement index from the perspective of clinical psychology specialists that allows for agile and easy interpretation of evaluation results. In this study, 83 clinical psychology specialists from the Andalusian Health Service participated. Through psychometric analysis, an index composed of four essential indicators was obtained, with excellent values of internal consistency and adequate fit indices for a unidimensional model. The resulting index is a useful, reliable, valid, and sensitive tool for monitoring the quality of clinical psychology interventions and evaluating improvement programs based on empirical evidence.

Stress is a state of physiological and psychological activation that allows a response to situations that the person perceives as demanding; it is a natural reaction that allows adaptation and survival as long as the states of psychological activation are not prolonged. Likewise, eating behaviors are the set of habits that have to do with the choice, quantity and way in which food is consumed; if not carried out appropriately, they generate alterations in mental and physical health. Therefore, the objective of this research was to describe the levels of the types of stress symptoms and the types of eating behaviors in tenth cycle medical students at the University of Cuenca. The research had a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design with a cross-section and a descriptive scope. It had the participation of 55 medical students. The instruments used were the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), and the Stress Symptoms Inventory and a sociodemographic sheet. As a result, it was obtained that the 3 types of stress levels; physical, psychological and behavioral are at a medium level. Meanwhile, at the levels of types of eating behaviors, diet, bulimia and preoccupation with food predominate. In conclusion, students maintain some concern about their body image, which is why they choose to diet; take care of the type of food they eat, in addition to presenting compensatory behaviors as a means to lose weight.

Dissatisfaction with body image and behaviors that can lead to the development of an Eating Behavior Disorder (ED) are highly recurrent among female adolescents, who are going through physical, psychoemotional and social changes. The present research had a quantitative approach, correlational scope, non-experimental and cross-sectional design; it ́s main objective was to determine the relationship between dissatisfaction with body image and the risk of developing ED in female adolescents from a high school in the city of Cuenca- Ecuador. A total of 111 participants were analyzed using the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), each of them in their versions adapted to the Latin American context. The main results indicated that the perception of normative body discomfort was superior to pathological body discomfort; however, it was identified that 70.3% of the studied population were at risk of developing ED. In addition, positive relationships were found between the elements of the two variables such as oral control, bulimia factor, preoccupation with food and both normative and pathological body discomfort.

Self-esteem, understood as the subjective assessment that people make of themselves, has been consistently associated with greater psychological well-being. At the same time, satisfaction with life reflects a personal evaluation of the experiences lived, closely linked to individual well-being. This study aims to describe the levels of self-esteem and satisfaction with life in older adults who face family abandonment and indigence at the Santa Ana de Cuenca Foundation. In addition, it seeks to identify the levels of self-esteem according to sociodemographic variables (age, sex, marital status) and determine the prevalence of life satisfaction in relation to these variables. With a quantitative approach, cross-sectional design and descriptive scope, the research encompasses 60 older adults, using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS) and a sociodemographic sheet as instruments. Despite the adverse conditions, most older adults show healthy levels of self-esteem and satisfaction with life at the Santa Ana Foundation. It highlights the relevance of sociodemographic variables, especially marital status, in the perception of satisfaction with life in this particular group. These results underscore the importance of considering specific factors when addressing mental health and well-being in older adults in vulnerable situations.

Depression is conceived as a psych emotional condition that causes cognitive, emotional and behavioral disturbance, characterized by a sad, empty or irritable mood, accompanied by biological, cognitive and somatic changes. During the last three years, several studies support an increase in depression in health personnel after the COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, the general objective of this research was to describe the levels of depression and spiritual coping strategies of General Physicians in Hospital Functions at the José Carrasco Arteaga Specialty Hospital during the period 2022-2023. It had a quantitative approach, a nonexperimental, transversal design type and was descriptive in scope. The instruments applied were: Beck Depression Inventory and Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale. The results of a sample of 71 doctors indicated levels of depression from mild to severe with a predominance of moderate level. In relation to the use of religious coping strategies and the most frequently used non-religious coping strategies, religious coping strategies had a low frequency of use, and non-religious strategies had a high frequency. There was a statistically significant association between the tendency to use or not use religious and non-religious coping strategies with the tendency to present depression or not. That is, doctors who had greater use of religious spiritual coping strategies had lower levels of depression, while doctors who had greater use of non-religious spiritual coping strategies had higher levels of depression.

Neste ensaio teórico, abordamos a necessidade de reposicionar a Psicologia Clínica, destacando seus desafios ao ser confinada por preconceitos que limitam a aplicação do seu conhecimento aos espaços terapêuticos tradicionais. Refletimos sobre a necessidade da superação, ainda que parcial, da fragmentação do conhecimento psicológico para a promoção da elaboração de abordagens mais integrativas. Destacamos a resistência proveniente da genérica associação da Psicologia Clínica ao modelo médico ou à dicotomia saúde versus doença. No sentido de enfrentarmos essa equivocada concepção, destacamos a importância da realização de uma articulação integrativa entre os saberes construídos em diversos campos da Psicologia. Trazemos exemplos para mostrarmos a necessidade da utilização de estratégias inovadoras na integração de abordagens transversais e heterodoxas, incluindo contribuições da Psicologia Clínica nesse sentido. Destaca-se a aplicação de técnicas clínicas adaptáveis para contextos não tradicionais, tais como o Psicodrama na educação socioemocional, evidenciando a relevância dessa adaptação para o enfrentamento de questões como a violência e a desconstrução de preconceitos. Concluímos que a promoção de uma Psicologia mais integrativa é fundamental para aprofundar o conhecimento e encontrar soluções para problemas complexos. Ao desafiar preconceitos e ampliar o escopo de aplicação de conhecimentos prático-científicos provenientes da Psicologia Clínica, destacamos o seu potencial de contribuição para a construção de uma compreensão mais abrangente do ser humano., In this theoretical essay, we explore the imperative to reposition Clinical Psychology, emphasizing the challenges it faces due to limitations imposed by biases that restrict the utilization of its knowledge to conventional therapeutic settings. We contemplate the necessity to, at least partially, overcome the fragmentation of psychological knowledge to foster the emergence of more integrative approaches. We underscore the resistance that emerges from the broad association of Clinical Psychology with the medical model or the dichotomy of health versus disease. To address this misconception, we stress the importance of integratively linking knowledge constructed across various fields of Psychology. Examples are provided to illustrate the imperative use of innovative strategies in integrating transversal and heterodox approaches, incorporating contributions from Clinical Psychology. The application of adaptable clinical techniques for unconventional contexts, such as utilizing Psychodrama in socio-emotional education, underscores the relevance of this adaptation in addressing issues like violence and the deconstruction of prejudices. In conclusion, the promotion of a more integrative Psychology proves essential for delving deeper into knowledge and devising solutions for complex problems. By challenging prejudices and expanding the application scope of practical-scientific knowledge derived from Clinical Psychology, we highlight its potential contribution to constructing a more comprehensive understanding of the human experience., En este ensayo teórico, exploramos el imperativo de reposicionar la Psicología Clínica, enfatizando los desafíos que enfrenta debido a las limitaciones impuestas por sesgos que restringen la utilización de su conocimiento a entornos terapéuticos convencionales. Contemplamos la necesidad de superar, al menos parcialmente, la fragmentación del conocimiento psicológico para fomentar el surgimiento de enfoques más integradores. Subrayamos las resistencias que emergen de la amplia asociación de la Psicología Clínica con el modelo médico o la dicotomía salud versus enfermedad. Para abordar esta idea errónea, destacamos la importancia de vincular de manera integradora el conocimiento construido en varios campos de la Psicología. Se proporcionan ejemplos para ilustrar el uso imperativo de estrategias innovadoras en la integración de enfoques transversales y heterodoxos, incorporando contribuciones de la Psicología Clínica. La aplicación de técnicas clínicas adaptables a contextos no convencionales, como la utilización del psicodrama en la educación socioemocional, subraya la relevancia de esta adaptación para abordar temas como la violencia y la deconstrucción de prejuicios. En conclusión, la promoción de una Psicología más integradora resulta imprescindible para profundizar en el conocimiento e idear soluciones a problemas complejos. Al desafiar los prejuicios y ampliar el alcance de aplicación del conocimiento científico-práctico derivado de la Psicología Clínica, destacamos su contribución potencial a la construcción de una comprensión más integral de la experiencia humana.

Neste ensaio teórico, abordamos a necessidade de reposicionar a Psicologia Clínica, destacando seus desafios ao ser confinada por preconceitos que limitam a aplicação do seu conhecimento aos espaços terapêuticos tradicionais. Refletimos sobre a necessidade da superação, ainda que parcial, da fragmentação do conhecimento psicológico para a promoção da elaboração de abordagens mais integrativas. Destacamos a resistência proveniente da genérica associação da Psicologia Clínica ao modelo médico ou à dicotomia saúde versus doença. No sentido de enfrentarmos essa equivocada concepção, destacamos a importância da realização de uma articulação integrativa entre os saberes construídos em diversos campos da Psicologia. Trazemos exemplos para mostrarmos a necessidade da utilização de estratégias inovadoras na integração de abordagens transversais e heterodoxas, incluindo contribuições da Psicologia Clínica nesse sentido. Destaca-se a aplicação de técnicas clínicas adaptáveis para contextos não tradicionais, tais como o Psicodrama na educação socioemocional, evidenciando a relevância dessa adaptação para o enfrentamento de questões como a violência e a desconstrução de preconceitos. Concluímos que a promoção de uma Psicologia mais integrativa é fundamental para aprofundar o conhecimento e encontrar soluções para problemas complexos. Ao desafiar preconceitos e ampliar o escopo de aplicação de conhecimentos prático-científicos provenientes da Psicologia Clínica, destacamos o seu potencial de contribuição para a construção de uma compreensão mais abrangente do ser humano., In this theoretical essay, we explore the imperative to reposition Clinical Psychology, emphasizing the challenges it faces due to limitations imposed by biases that restrict the utilization of its knowledge to conventional therapeutic settings. We contemplate the necessity to, at least partially, overcome the fragmentation of psychological knowledge to foster the emergence of more integrative approaches. We underscore the resistance that emerges from the broad association of Clinical Psychology with the medical model or the dichotomy of health versus disease. To address this misconception, we stress the importance of integratively linking knowledge constructed across various fields of Psychology. Examples are provided to illustrate the imperative use of innovative strategies in integrating transversal and heterodox approaches, incorporating contributions from Clinical Psychology. The application of adaptable clinical techniques for unconventional contexts, such as utilizing Psychodrama in socio-emotional education, underscores the relevance of this adaptation in addressing issues like violence and the deconstruction of prejudices. In conclusion, the promotion of a more integrative Psychology proves essential for delving deeper into knowledge and devising solutions for complex problems. By challenging prejudices and expanding the application scope of practical-scientific knowledge derived from Clinical Psychology, we highlight its potential contribution to constructing a more comprehensive understanding of the human experience., En este ensayo teórico, exploramos el imperativo de reposicionar la Psicología Clínica, enfatizando los desafíos que enfrenta debido a las limitaciones impuestas por sesgos que restringen la utilización de su conocimiento a entornos terapéuticos convencionales. Contemplamos la necesidad de superar, al menos parcialmente, la fragmentación del conocimiento psicológico para fomentar el surgimiento de enfoques más integradores. Subrayamos las resistencias que emergen de la amplia asociación de la Psicología Clínica con el modelo médico o la dicotomía salud versus enfermedad. Para abordar esta idea errónea, destacamos la importancia de vincular de manera integradora el conocimiento construido en varios campos de la Psicología. Se proporcionan ejemplos para ilustrar el uso imperativo de estrategias innovadoras en la integración de enfoques transversales y heterodoxos, incorporando contribuciones de la Psicología Clínica. La aplicación de técnicas clínicas adaptables a contextos no convencionales, como la utilización del psicodrama en la educación socioemocional, subraya la relevancia de esta adaptación para abordar temas como la violencia y la deconstrucción de prejuicios. En conclusión, la promoción de una Psicología más integradora resulta imprescindible para profundizar en el conocimiento e idear soluciones a problemas complejos. Al desafiar los prejuicios y ampliar el alcance de aplicación del conocimiento científico-práctico derivado de la Psicología Clínica, destacamos su contribución potencial a la construcción de una comprensión más integral de la experiencia humana.

L’Associazione internazionale per lo studio del dolore (Aisd) ha definito il dolore cronico come «un’esperienza sensoriale ed emozionale spiacevole, associata o meno ad un danno tessutale, in atto o potenziale, o descritta in termini di un simile danno». Tale definizione di dolore cronico ha introdotto un’evoluzione del concetto di dolore cronico, riconoscendo la centralità della valenza soggettiva e multidimensionale, che coinvolge aspetti biologici, psicologici e sociali. Da qui la necessità di introdurre la medicina centrata sul paziente e di ampliare le modalità di gestione del dolore cronico. L’obiettivo clinico primario non si esaurisce con la dimensione biologica e nel trattamento del dolore, ma deve includere l’esperienza individuale del paziente e deve mantenere un valore interdisciplinare, includendo la terapia farmacologica, l’assistenza psicologica e gli interventi integrativi. Ne consegue la necessità di istituire un’équipe multidisciplinare con il coinvolgimento di più professionisti, come il fisiatra e lo psicologo, ai fini di un’adeguata diagnosi e gestione clinica. Queste prospettive hanno fornito il razionale teorico per l’organizzazione dell’Ambulatorio del dolore dell’Asst Santi Paolo e Carlo di Milano. Il presente contributo illustra il caso di un paziente (di 56 anni) con lombalgia cronica seguito clinicamente presso tale Ambulatorio.

Resilience is the ability of a person or group of individuals to project themselves into the future, despite the destabilizing events they encounter in various aspects of their lives. The current study evaluated the levels, factors, and dimensions of resilience in the operational personnel of an emergency care service in Cuenca, period 2022. The research was developed using a descriptive quantitative and a cross-sectional research, in which 73 female and male participants intervened. The results reflected that the population has high levels of resilience, the "personal competence" factor was found with high scores in the male gender and the dimensions according to gender, economic satisfaction and time of service provision were found to "perseverance” and “self-confidence” accordingly. It is concluded that the population presents an adequate development of resilience; however, due to the multiple demands that arise in the workspace, it is necessary to implement programs that are aimed at strengthening this capacity and promoting mental healthcare.

Caregiver overload is a state of physical and psychological exhaustion of those responsible for ensuring the well-being of people with disabilities. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present a series of needs that must be attended to did by a responsible trained to perform the role. In this sense, this research aimed to identify the overload of primary caregivers of children with ASD. It had a quantitative, non-experimental, and, cross-sectional approach, whose scope was descriptive. Primary caregivers of children and adolescents from 4 to 17 years old diagnosed or suspected of having ASD who responded to the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale were taken as reference. The reference data have been taken from the Project "Influence of the ethnic identity of caregivers in coping with behavioral difficulties in minors with ASD and in children with intellectual disabilities". The results showed that the priority of the caregivers did not present overload levels that require attention. Therefore, it was concluded that, at least for the reference population in this study, caring for a person with ASD is not necessarily related to representative levels of overload. Prospectively, it would be interesting if new research could investigate the protective factors of mental health and variables that would influence the overload of caregivers.

The bibliographic exploration allowed to identify the absence of investigations in the Ecuadorian territory, particularly in Azuay, that address the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and the problematic use of video games in adolescents; situation that constitutes a research gap that needs to be solved, since it opens the possibility that solutions are not proposed to possible disorders or addictions among young people. Faced with this reality, the present study proposed as a general objective: to correlate the problematic use of video games with the scores of the perceived intrapersonal EI dimensions, in adolescents from 14 to 16 years old, in the Educational Unit 26 de Febrero of the Paute canton, period 2022. For this, a quantitative approach methodology, correlational scope, non-experimental design and cross-sectional design was designed. The CERV and TMMS 24 instruments were appliedto a non-probabilistic sample, where 150 students who were in the 10th grade of Superior Basic General Education and the first and second years of high school participated, in the Educational Unit February 26 of the Paute canton. . The results processed in SPSS version 26, reflected a level of problematic use of 4.7% of the total participation. Regarding the EI dimensions, it was found that, in emotional attention, 50% have adequate attention; in emotional clarity, 62% should improve; while in emotional repair only 44% present an adequate level of emotional repair. Regarding the correlation of the variables studied, no significant correlation was found.

Quantitative cross-sectional studies carried out in geriatric centers have focused on older adults and omit the recognition of the psychological well-being of their health personnel. For this reason, mental health being a pillar for integral wellbeing requires great attention and research on health personnel who, after the arduous task of fighting COVID- 19, have experienced physical and psychological exhaustion. The objective of the research was to determine the relationship between the levels of anxiety and intolerance in the health personnel of the CAMM of the IESS of Cuenca and the CRIE of Azogues. For this purpose, we worked from a quantitative, non-experimental approach with correlational and cross- sectional scope. The instruments used corresponded to the sociodemographic card elaborated by the members of the study, the Intolerance to Uncertainty Scale (EII) oriented to measure a specific domain of anxiety and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) that allowed measuring anxiety levels. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software, and descriptive statistics were used to indicate the most relevant characteristics of the population and Spearman's coefficient to determine the relationship between variables. The results obtained showed that there is a directly proportional relationship between intolerance to uncertainty and anxiety levels.

Ecuador suffers from a lack of deontological codes that legally regulate the psychologist`s ethical practice. Moreover, the scarce investigation in the local context does not provide information about the application of ethical principles during the development of the professional career. Therefore, this work focused on describing the perception of Psychology students, from the University of Cuenca, about the ethical principles of the American Psychological Association during the internships of march-august 2022. The investigation was phenomenological with a qualitative approach and it was done with 8 students, who were given a semi-structured interview. The results about the perception of principle ethics are showed as a guide to act in an objective, neutral an legal manner; nevertheless, participants reflected about the contextualization of APA principles. About the use of ethical principles from APA, students said that they have applied them during their internship. In conclusion, students from the four degrees of Psychology identified ethical principles from APA, but they lacked depth on their conceptualizations; the contributions from every student showed they take the APA code as a base to act when there is a dilemma; nevertheless, social psychology students chose their personal criteria, because they think these principles are not suitable for working with communities.

In recent years, stress has become increasingly common in the population, due to the demands that cause a person to manifest certain physiological symptoms in an aversive situation. Thus, for millions of individuals, emigrating has become a process that has such intense levels of stress that they exceed the adaptive capacity of human beings. This study seeks to describe the level of chronic and multiple stress or Ulysses syndrome, which is an acute emotional discomfort experienced by people who have had to leave their place of origin for another destination, where they often face vulnerable situations. The research had a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional approach, to measure stress levels by means of the Ulysses scale developed by Joseba Achotegui and a sociodemographic sheet developed by the authors. It was carried out in a sample of 64 people residing irregularly in the United States who met the inclusion criteria, this population came from the Checa parish, in the Cuenca canton, Ecuador. The general objective of this study was to describe the level of Ulysses syndrome according to the variables determined, and the specific objectives were to identify the stress factors with the highest incidence in migrants and to determine the presence of symptoms related to chronic and multiple stress. It was found that 75% of the participants presented extreme chronic and multiple stress, while 18.8% presented moderate stress and the remaining 6.3% presented mild stress.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on different areas, with the education and employment sectors being the most affected; Therefore, this study focuses on the resulting impact of these areas during the health emergency, combined with aspects of resilience. The objective of this study was to describe the dimensions and the total level of resilience in the students of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the sociodemographic variables of age, sex, marital status, cycle that course. This research was aligned with the quantitative approach, with a descriptive and cross-sectional scope. Likewise, a simple random probabilistic sampling and a total sample of 139 participants between men and women were used. The instruments used were a sociodemographic record and the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale, which includes five dimensions of resilience. The main results where the level of total resilience has an average of 111.59, equivalent to low; the variables of sex, marital status, level of schooling and age maintain statistically insignificant differences; and in terms of family, economic and work situations, resilience does not maintain a linear behavior, but will depend on the context and the characteristics of the study group. In conclusion, resilience is subject to individual, contextual and situational characteristics.

La comunicación de las malas noticias no es tarea fácil, suponiendo un reto en la práctica clínica de cualquier médico. Es un tema que ha sido profundamente estudiado a lo largo de los años y, que actualmente sigue en constante evolución. Se han desarrollado múltiples protocolos y guías, pero a pesar de toda esta información ¿se lleva a cabo de forma correcta en la práctica diaria? Para poder responder a esta pregunta hemos realizado un análisis cualitativo mediante un cuestionario que fue entregado a pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer, y que consta de 12 ítems en los que se incluyen los aspectos más relevantes a la hora de comunicar malas noticias. A pesar de que el cómputo global de los resultados obtenidos ha sido favorable, hemos logrado identificar ciertos aspectos con un amplio margen de mejora. Con las conclusiones sacadas de este estudio pretendemos promover la formación del profesional sanitario en este ámbito y proporcionar los puntos clave en los que se puede optimizar esta enseñanza., Grado en Medicina

Depression, anxiety, and stress are conditions that can manifest in people from different societies. High and frequent levels of depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms can cause clinically significant discomfort for the person who suffers from them, affecting the different spheres of their life. Teachers are highly vulnerable to suffering from the aforementioned pathologies due to the peculiarities that their profession requires, as it is characterized by a predisposition to triggering this type of symptomology. The objective of this study was to describe the general levels of depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms according to different sociodemographic characteristics, for which the self-applicable DASS-21 reactive, by authors Lovibond and Lovibond, and a sociodemographic form created by the investigators was used. The study had a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design and a descriptive scope. To meet the research objective, a nonprobabilistic sample was taken by quotas, with the participation of 92 teachers; considering each area of knowledge within the University of Cuenca as a stratum. As a result of this research, it was found that the presence of depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms in university teachers is 30.3%, 41.3%, and 31.5%, respectively, highlighting the moderate level of symptomology. These results are explained due to the sum of social factors and the working conditions specific to teaching. It is concluded that in the three emotional states, the absence predominated over the presence of symptomology.

La comunicación de las malas noticias no es tarea fácil, suponiendo un reto en la práctica clínica de cualquier médico. Es un tema que ha sido profundamente estudiado a lo largo de los años y, que actualmente sigue en constante evolución. Se han desarrollado múltiples protocolos y guías, pero a pesar de toda esta información ¿se lleva a cabo de forma correcta en la práctica diaria? Para poder responder a esta pregunta hemos realizado un análisis cualitativo mediante un cuestionario que fue entregado a pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer, y que consta de 12 ítems en los que se incluyen los aspectos más relevantes a la hora de comunicar malas noticias. A pesar de que el cómputo global de los resultados obtenidos ha sido favorable, hemos logrado identificar ciertos aspectos con un amplio margen de mejora. Con las conclusiones sacadas de este estudio pretendemos promover la formación del profesional sanitario en este ámbito y proporcionar los puntos clave en los que se puede optimizar esta enseñanza., Grado en Medicina

Autolytic attempts were examined in patients treated at José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in Cuenca during the 2019-2020 period. It was found that 8.2% of patients attempted suicide, while 91.8% had suicidal ideation. Most cases occurred in female patients (67.8%). However, it is noted that this gender difference should be interpreted cautiously due to the high proportion of women in the sample. Young adults (37.8%) showed a higher propensity for autolytic attempts, which were associated with acute stress and medication ingestion. Additionally, complications related to psychological disorders were observed in autolytic attempts. This study supports the findings of the WHO, confirming a higher frequency of suicidal ideation compared to actual attempts, with a higher prevalence in young adults, rather than being specifically linked to the female gender.

Burnout syndrome is associated with chronic stress exposure in the workplace, mainly with those professions that maintain direct contact with other people, who develop aggressive and disruptive behaviors towards others. In this context, the current study aims to describe the frequency and intensity of the dimensions of Burnout syndrome present in taxi drivers of the United Front of Taxi Drivers (AFUT) association in the period March - August 2022. The study It is based on Maslach's three-dimensional theory (1982), Bandura's sociocognitive theory (1982), Buunk and Schaufeli's Social Exchange (1993) and Gil-Monte's (2001) organizational theory. The population consisted of 184 taxi drivers from the AFUT association of the city of Cuenca. Regarding the methodology, it had a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design, of a descriptive cross-sectional type. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MBI-GS) instrument was applied, a Likert- type scale that assesses attitudes towards one's own work, ranging from commitment to Burnout through three areas: emotional exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy. Regarding the results, it was found that the predominant dimension in taxi drivers is low professional efficacy and the dimension with the greatest intensity and frequency was cynicism, since drivers, when under work stress, show aggressive and little affective behaviors. towards others. Finally, it is concluded that the taxi drivers of the AFUT association present moderate levels of Burnout.

Training in Psychology careers at a national level presents the gender and diversity perspective as a vacancy area. The changes promoted in this area in the last decade highlight the essential need for psychology training institutions to incorporate these issues with responsibility and solvency.The demand for dignified treatment and equality in terms of rights and opportunities becomes the main focus of action on which the gender and diversity perspective is called upon as a tool for intervention. Regarding the existence of recommendation guidelines for "good practices" or, as we decided to call them here "respectful practices with a gender perspective", at the national level there are some isolated antecedents on the subject, more focused on the field of health in general than on psychology (Argentine Ministry of Health, 2020). At the local level, there are previous studies that address the training of psychologists in gender and the inclusion of the gender perspective in the Psychology career of the UNMdP (Leguizamón & Núnez, 2017; Nocelli 2016; Pili 2017). They pointed out aspects of great value that can be translated into recommendations but did not focus their analysis on the development of a specific protocol on this issue. In this context and based on the experience that the group History, professionalization and teaching of psychology in the Southern Cone countries has in the training of psychologists, we present the results of a research carried out at the National University of Mar del Plata (UNMdP) whose objective was to investigate from semi-directed interviews social representations around the perspective of gender and diversity in professionals dedicated to the clinic graduates of the Faculty of Psychology of the UNMdP from both the 1989 and 2010 curriculum.The results show a series of biases that can be related to training problems in Psychology careers at the national level, as revealed by the literature available in the last thirty years. This resea, La formación en carreras de Psicología anivel nacional presenta entre sus áreas de vacancia la perspectiva de género y diversidades. Los cambios impulsados en esta materia en la última década ponen de manifiesto la imprescindible necesidad de que las instituciones formativas en Psicología incorporen estas temáticas con responsabilidad y solvencia.El reclamo por el trato digno y la igualdad en términos de derechos y oportunidades se convierte en el principal foco de acción sobre el cual la perspectiva de géneros y diversidades es convocada a seruna herramienta para intervenir. En cuanto a la existencia de guías de recomendación para “buenas prácticas” o, como decidimos nombrarlas aquí “prácticas respetuosas con perspectiva de géneros”, a nivel nacional se encuentran algunos antecedentes aislados respecto del tema, más focalizados en en el ámbito de la salud en general que en psicología (Ministerio de Salud argentino, 2020). A nivel local existen estudios previos queabordan la formación de lxs psicólogxs en materia de género y la inclusión de laperspectiva de género en la carrera de Psicología de la UNMdP (Leguizamón & Núnez, 2017; Nocelli 2016; Pili 2017). Ellos señalaron aspectos de sumo valor que se pueden traducir en recomendaciones más no focalizaron sus análisis en la elaboración de un protocolo específico en dicha temática. En este contexto y partiendo de la experiencia que el grupo Historia profesionalización y enseñanza de la Psicología en los países del Cono Sur posee en materia de formación de psicologxs, presentamos resultados de unainvestigación llevada a cabo en la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) cuyo objetivo fue indagar a partir de entrevistas semidirigidas representaciones sociales en torno a la perspectiva de géneros y diversidades enprofesionales dedicadxs a la clínica egresadxs de la facultad de Psicología de la UNMdP tanto del plan de estudios 1989 como del 2010. Los resultados muestran una serie de sesgos que pueden relacionarse con

The executive functions and the intelligence are elements of cognition thar are chararterized similarly to carry out complicated mental activities. Identifying the state of both variables in the scholar stage permits to decisions to guarantee adequate learning processes and problem- solving. During the pandemic, due to the confinement, the evaluation was a difficult factor to address telematically due to few assignments were able to be applied in an effective manner. For this reason, the main objective of this research was to correlate the executive functions from the parents' perception and the children's fluid intelligence in virtual modality. It was taken as a reference the answers of the 121 students and parents from the database of the Linkage Project of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca named "Apoyo en el desarrollo de habilidades lectoras e inteligencia emocional en unidades educativas 2021". The results were considered of the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) and the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test. The results obtained in the state of the executive functions and the intelligence evaluated did not indicate the presence of a significant alteration. Finally, the correlation of the variables that guide the study determined that there was a significant negative correlation between working memory and intelligence. On the contrary, inhibition variable with intelligence, there was a non-significant negative correlation.

Work stress is a global problem that impacts the service personnel of the different social foundations, institutions and organizations, because it alters their physical and mental health, so that their performance is impaired by stressors that generate a low quality in performing their functions. The general objective of the study was to describe the level of work stress in the staff of the Tadeo Torres Foundation in Cuenca and Home for All Foundation in Azogues, period 2022. Based on the above, a quantitative approach with non-experimental descriptive- transversal scope was used. In the research, 33 workers of the foundations participated, who were distributed as follows; 18 participants of the Tadeo Torres foundation in Cuenca and 15 participants of the Hogar para Todos foundation in Azogues, who were men and women who work in the areas of care, administration, cleaning and food. Data collection was obtained through a sociodemographic file and the OIT-OMS Labor Stress Questionnaire, in addition, the SPSS program was used for data analysis. As a result, 30 workers had a low level of stress, and the remaining 3 had a medium level. It is worth mentioning that stress prevailed in the area of food and above all that, among the factors most often, there was evidence of the lack of commitment on the part of the supervisor, who being the leader of a work team does not attach greater importance to the responsibilities and commitments within each foundation and with each employee.

Scientific research has shown that the parenting style of parents plays a key role in the cognitive, emotional and social development of their children, constituting a protective or risk factor that can trigger the onset of harmful behaviors such as substance abuse, which is a public health problem that has increased worldwide, especially in adolescents. The general objective of the study was to determine the correlation between parenting styles and the consumption of psychoactive substances in high school students of the Millennium Educational Unit Manuela Garaicoa de Calderón in the city of Cuenca, school year 2021-2022. The study was carried out with a quantitative approach following a non-experimental cross- sectional design with correlational scope. The participants were 173 female and male students. The following scales were used: Steinberg's Parenting Styles adapted by Merino and Arndt (2004), the AUDIT scale adapted by Alvarado et al., (2009) and finally the CRAFFT scale adapted by Menéndez et al., (2013). For data processing and analysis, the SPSS version 25.0 statistical program was used, in addition, measures of central tendency and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used. The results obtained indicate that there is a positive correlation between neglectful parenting style and substance use. It is concluded that the greater the practice of neglectful parenting style, the greater the risk of substance abuse.

Caregiver overload is a state of physical and psychological exhaustion of those responsible for ensuring the well-being of people with disabilities. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present a series of needs that must be attended to did by a responsible trained to perform the role. In this sense, this research aimed to identify the overload of primary caregivers of children with ASD. It had a quantitative, non-experimental, and, cross-sectional approach, whose scope was descriptive. Primary caregivers of children and adolescents from 4 to 17 years old diagnosed or suspected of having ASD who responded to the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale were taken as reference. The reference data have been taken from the Project "Influence of the ethnic identity of caregivers in coping with behavioral difficulties in minors with ASD and in children with intellectual disabilities". The results showed that the priority of the caregivers did not present overload levels that require attention. Therefore, it was concluded that, at least for the reference population in this study, caring for a person with ASD is not necessarily related to representative levels of overload. Prospectively, it would be interesting if new research could investigate the protective factors of mental health and variables that would influence the overload of caregivers.

Burnout syndrome is associated with chronic stress exposure in the workplace, mainly with those professions that maintain direct contact with other people, who develop aggressive and disruptive behaviors towards others. In this context, the current study aims to describe the frequency and intensity of the dimensions of Burnout syndrome present in taxi drivers of the United Front of Taxi Drivers (AFUT) association in the period March - August 2022. The study It is based on Maslach's three-dimensional theory (1982), Bandura's sociocognitive theory (1982), Buunk and Schaufeli's Social Exchange (1993) and Gil-Monte's (2001) organizational theory. The population consisted of 184 taxi drivers from the AFUT association of the city of Cuenca. Regarding the methodology, it had a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design, of a descriptive cross-sectional type. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MBI-GS) instrument was applied, a Likert- type scale that assesses attitudes towards one's own work, ranging from commitment to Burnout through three areas: emotional exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy. Regarding the results, it was found that the predominant dimension in taxi drivers is low professional efficacy and the dimension with the greatest intensity and frequency was cynicism, since drivers, when under work stress, show aggressive and little affective behaviors. towards others. Finally, it is concluded that the taxi drivers of the AFUT association present moderate levels of Burnout.

The main aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of inclusive language on the cognitive processing of Working Memory (in its capacity for grammatical reasoning and retrieval of cognitive material in reading comprehension) through the functioning of the Phonological Loop. Working Memory has been operationalized (in the case of language information)--not only by the number of mental items that participants can hold but also--by the time participants spend repeating subvocally the linguistic cognitive material (the so-called word-length effect). An experimental design was designed to show stimulus and to analyze the Response Times, using ANOVA and Student’s t test, and the number of correct answers, using Friedman and Wilcoxon test in different experimental conditions (inclusive language conditions included). A random sample was taken from different universities in the city of Cuenca. The presentation of stimuli and the collection of data was done through the OpensesameTM software. The results show that the inclusive language conditions increase Response Times and the number of errors compared to the language condition called "neutral format" (format with grammatically correct language). Data are in line with previous literature that shows that, for grammatical reasoning and reading comprehension, it is necessary to reverberate the mental elements for a longer time through the so-called "slave system" of the Working Memory; that is, through the Phonological Loop. Therefore, inclusive language implies increasing this reverberation time and, therefore, interferes more in the analyzed cognitive processes of grammatical reasoning and reading comprehension (in terms of Response Times and number of errors).

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on different areas, with the education and employment sectors being the most affected; Therefore, this study focuses on the resulting impact of these areas during the health emergency, combined with aspects of resilience. The objective of this study was to describe the dimensions and the total level of resilience in the students of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the sociodemographic variables of age, sex, marital status, cycle that course. This research was aligned with the quantitative approach, with a descriptive and cross-sectional scope. Likewise, a simple random probabilistic sampling and a total sample of 139 participants between men and women were used. The instruments used were a sociodemographic record and the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale, which includes five dimensions of resilience. The main results where the level of total resilience has an average of 111.59, equivalent to low; the variables of sex, marital status, level of schooling and age maintain statistically insignificant differences; and in terms of family, economic and work situations, resilience does not maintain a linear behavior, but will depend on the context and the characteristics of the study group. In conclusion, resilience is subject to individual, contextual and situational characteristics.

Autolytic attempts were examined in patients treated at José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in Cuenca during the 2019-2020 period. It was found that 8.2% of patients attempted suicide, while 91.8% had suicidal ideation. Most cases occurred in female patients (67.8%). However, it is noted that this gender difference should be interpreted cautiously due to the high proportion of women in the sample. Young adults (37.8%) showed a higher propensity for autolytic attempts, which were associated with acute stress and medication ingestion. Additionally, complications related to psychological disorders were observed in autolytic attempts. This study supports the findings of the WHO, confirming a higher frequency of suicidal ideation compared to actual attempts, with a higher prevalence in young adults, rather than being specifically linked to the female gender.

Postpartum depression represents a public health problem in many countries, yet efforts to prevent it are limited. In our country, the exact number of women with this disorder is unknown, which indicates that they do not receive adequate psychological monitoring. On the other hand, the scarce scientific information leads to confusion about other pathologies. This failure could have repercussions on the mother's environment and her child. This study aims to describe postpartum depression in women attending the “Carlos Elizalde” Health Center in Cuenca. Sociodemographic variables and psychosocial factors were identified, such as age, place of residence, occupation, partner relationship, desired pregnancy and stressful life event, which enabled a deeper description of the problem. The sample consisted of 108 women who met the inclusion criteria, 56 of whom had postpartum depression. A form with structured questions and answers was used for data collection to obtain sociodemographic and psychosocial information, and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale was also used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS V 25 software, and descriptive statistics indicated the essential characteristics.

Scientific research shows that feelings of loneliness are strongly associated with cognitive, emotional and behavioral problems; This is why loneliness is considered a public health problem worldwide, since it seriously affects the population, mainly adolescents under 18 years of age. The objective set out in this study was to describe the levels of loneliness in adolescents aged 16 and 17 from the Eugenio Espejo Educational Unit in the period March-August 2022; It had a quantitative research approach following a non-experimental, cross-sectional design with a descriptive scope. Data collection was carried out with the Ventura León & Caycho (2017) instrument, validated from the original Loneliness scale by De Jong Gierveld (1985) with a study population that comprised a total of 77 adolescents. The findings indicate that adolescents maintain a moderate level of loneliness with a tendency to severe levels, in addition, high levels of loneliness were identified in the participants who presented sociodemographic variables such as the situation of divorce in the parents, belonging to reconstituted families, not maintaining a relationship with a partner, poor or regular quality of relationship with their schoolmates, involvement in artistic activities, not belonging to social groups and lack of conformity with their physical appearance

Caregiver overload is a state of physical and psychological exhaustion of those responsible for ensuring the well-being of people with disabilities. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present a series of needs that must be attended to did by a responsible trained to perform the role. In this sense, this research aimed to identify the overload of primary caregivers of children with ASD. It had a quantitative, non-experimental, and, cross-sectional approach, whose scope was descriptive. Primary caregivers of children and adolescents from 4 to 17 years old diagnosed or suspected of having ASD who responded to the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale were taken as reference. The reference data have been taken from the Project "Influence of the ethnic identity of caregivers in coping with behavioral difficulties in minors with ASD and in children with intellectual disabilities". The results showed that the priority of the caregivers did not present overload levels that require attention. Therefore, it was concluded that, at least for the reference population in this study, caring for a person with ASD is not necessarily related to representative levels of overload. Prospectively, it would be interesting if new research could investigate the protective factors of mental health and variables that would influence the overload of caregivers.

The overload of a Caregiver refers to the negative physical, social and psychological consequences resulting from how demanding their job can be which can affect their wellbeing. Formal caregivers are those responsible for meeting the needs of other people, besides, they have knowledge about strategies to carry out their role, receive a salary, and have working hours, among others. This research aims to describe the overload levels in formal caregivers, according to sociodemographic variables, and to compare the overload depending on the geriatric centers. The study has a quantitative approach, non-experimental, cross-sectional design, and descriptive scope. We worked with a population of 36 formal caregivers from four geriatric centers in the city of Cuenca-Ecuador. We applied The Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale accompanied by a sociodemographic file. Among the most relevant results that we obtained were a predominance of 72,2 % of the absence of overload and 27,8 % of caregivers with intense and light overload. On the other hand, there is no statistically significant difference (.620) between the geriatric centers, likewise, based on the sociodemographic variables. The levels of overload are present mainly in women, as well as in married couples, whose maximum level of studies is high school and who work 8 hours per day with less than 3 years of experience. Consequently, we can conclude that, despite the existence of a small number of caregivers with intense and light overload, it can trigger negative consequences for their care work with older adults.

Body dissatisfaction in adolescence plays a very important role, since here occurs a period with a series of biopsychosocial changes that significantly affect the individual; in this regard, one of the changes occurs at the body level, which can lead to developing levels of body dissatisfaction. This research aimed to determine the levels of body dissatisfaction in adolescents according to sociodemographic variables and the predominant factors of dissatisfaction. The study had a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and crosssectional approach, working with a random probabilistic sample of 170 students. The Body Shape Questionnaire was applied. Among the most relevant results, a predominance of body dissatisfaction in women was obtained; In the same way, it was possible to observe that 14- year-old adolescents were the ones who presented the most dissatisfaction with 87.5%, compared to the remaining ages that presented less dissatisfaction, it was also evidenced that the adolescents who presented the most dissatisfaction are those of first year of high school, since 80.86% present some level of body dissatisfaction. For this reason, the adolescent stage can be considered as a vital stage in which feelings of dissatisfaction with their body appear

Scientific research has shown that the parenting style of parents plays a key role in the cognitive, emotional and social development of their children, constituting a protective or risk factor that can trigger the onset of harmful behaviors such as substance abuse, which is a public health problem that has increased worldwide, especially in adolescents. The general objective of the study was to determine the correlation between parenting styles and the consumption of psychoactive substances in high school students of the Millennium Educational Unit Manuela Garaicoa de Calderón in the city of Cuenca, school year 2021-2022. The study was carried out with a quantitative approach following a non-experimental cross- sectional design with correlational scope. The participants were 173 female and male students. The following scales were used: Steinberg's Parenting Styles adapted by Merino and Arndt (2004), the AUDIT scale adapted by Alvarado et al., (2009) and finally the CRAFFT scale adapted by Menéndez et al., (2013). For data processing and analysis, the SPSS version 25.0 statistical program was used, in addition, measures of central tendency and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used. The results obtained indicate that there is a positive correlation between neglectful parenting style and substance use. It is concluded that the greater the practice of neglectful parenting style, the greater the risk of substance abuse.

Burnout syndrome is associated with chronic stress exposure in the workplace, mainly with those professions that maintain direct contact with other people, who develop aggressive and disruptive behaviors towards others. In this context, the current study aims to describe the frequency and intensity of the dimensions of Burnout syndrome present in taxi drivers of the United Front of Taxi Drivers (AFUT) association in the period March - August 2022. The study It is based on Maslach's three-dimensional theory (1982), Bandura's sociocognitive theory (1982), Buunk and Schaufeli's Social Exchange (1993) and Gil-Monte's (2001) organizational theory. The population consisted of 184 taxi drivers from the AFUT association of the city of Cuenca. Regarding the methodology, it had a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design, of a descriptive cross-sectional type. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MBI-GS) instrument was applied, a Likert- type scale that assesses attitudes towards one's own work, ranging from commitment to Burnout through three areas: emotional exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy. Regarding the results, it was found that the predominant dimension in taxi drivers is low professional efficacy and the dimension with the greatest intensity and frequency was cynicism, since drivers, when under work stress, show aggressive and little affective behaviors. towards others. Finally, it is concluded that the taxi drivers of the AFUT association present moderate levels of Burnout.