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1. Quantum Mechanics in Curved Space(time) with a Noncommutative Geometric Perspective

Author: Kong, Otto C. W. and Kong, Otto C. W.
Abstract: We have previously presented a version of the Weak Equivalence Principle for a quantum particle as an exact analog of the classical case, based on the Heisenberg picture analysis of free particle motion. Here, we take that to a full formalism of quantum mechanics in a generic curved space(time). Our basic perspective is to take seriously the noncommutative symplectic geometry corresponding to the quantum observable algebra. Particle position coordinate transformations and a nontrivial metric assigning an invariant inner product to vectors, and covectors, are implemented accordingly. That allows an analog to the classical picture of the phase space as the cotangent bundle. The mass-independent quantum geodesic equations as equations of free particle motion under a generic metric as a quantum observable are obtained from an invariant Hamiltonian. Hermiticity of momentum observables is to be taken as reference frame dependent. Our results have a big contrast to the alternative obtained based on the Schr\"odinger wavefunction representation. Hence, the work points to a very different approach to quantum gravity., Comment: 24 pages in RevTex, no figure
Published: 2024

2. Prevalence of chronic cough, its risk factors and population attributable risk in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study : a multinational cross-sectional study

Author: Abozid, Hazim, Patel, Jaymini, Burney, Peter, Hartl, Sylvia, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Mortimer, Kevin, Nafees, Asaad A., Al Ghobain, Mohammed, Welte, Tobias, Harrabi, Imed, Denguezli, Meriam, Loh, Li Cher, Rashid, Abdul, Gislason, Thorarinn, Barbara, Cristina, Cardoso, Joao, Rodrigues, Fatima, Seemungal, Terence, Obaseki, Daniel, Juvekar, Sanjay, Paraguas, Stefanni Nonna, Tan, Wan C., Franssen, Frits M. E., Mejza, Filip, Mannino, David, Janson, Christer, Cherkaski, Hamid Hacene, Anand, Mahesh Padukudru, Hafizi, Hasan, Buist, Sonia, Koul, Parvaiz A., Sony, Asmael, Breyer, Marie-Kathrin, Burghuber, Otto C., Wouters, Emiel F. M., Amaral, Andre F. S., Abozid, Hazim, Patel, Jaymini, Burney, Peter, Hartl, Sylvia, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Mortimer, Kevin, Nafees, Asaad A., Al Ghobain, Mohammed, Welte, Tobias, Harrabi, Imed, Denguezli, Meriam, Loh, Li Cher, Rashid, Abdul, Gislason, Thorarinn, Barbara, Cristina, Cardoso, Joao, Rodrigues, Fatima, Seemungal, Terence, Obaseki, Daniel, Juvekar, Sanjay, Paraguas, Stefanni Nonna, Tan, Wan C., Franssen, Frits M. E., Mejza, Filip, Mannino, David, Janson, Christer, Cherkaski, Hamid Hacene, Anand, Mahesh Padukudru, Hafizi, Hasan, Buist, Sonia, Koul, Parvaiz A., Sony, Asmael, Breyer, Marie-Kathrin, Burghuber, Otto C., Wouters, Emiel F. M., and Amaral, Andre F. S.
Abstract: Background Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom with an impact on daily activities and quality of life. Global prevalence data are scarce and derive mainly from European and Asian countries and studies with outcomes other than chronic cough. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough across a large number of study sites as well as to identify its main risk factors using a standardised protocol and definition. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 33,983 adults (>= 40 years), recruited between Jan 2, 2003 and Dec 26, 2016, in 41 sites (34 countries) from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. We estimated the prevalence of chronic cough for each site accounting for sampling design. To identify risk factors, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis within each site and then pooled estimates using random -effects metaanalysis. We also calculated the population attributable risk (PAR) associated with each of the identifed risk factors. Findings The prevalence of chronic cough varied from 3% in India (rural Pune) to 24% in the United States of America (Lexington,KY). Chronic cough was more common among females, both current and passive smokers, those working in a dusty job, those with a history of tuberculosis, those who were obese, those with a low level of education and those with hypertension or airflow limitation. The most influential risk factors were current smoking and working in a dusty job. Interpretation Our findings suggested that the prevalence of chronic cough varies widely across sites in different world regions. Cigarette smoking and exposure to dust in the workplace are its major risk factors.
Published: 2024
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3. Prevalence of chronic cough, its risk factors and population attributable risk in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study : a multinational cross-sectional study

Author: Abozid, Hazim, Patel, Jaymini, Burney, Peter, Hartl, Sylvia, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Mortimer, Kevin, Nafees, Asaad A., Al Ghobain, Mohammed, Welte, Tobias, Harrabi, Imed, Denguezli, Meriam, Loh, Li Cher, Rashid, Abdul, Gislason, Thorarinn, Barbara, Cristina, Cardoso, Joao, Rodrigues, Fatima, Seemungal, Terence, Obaseki, Daniel, Juvekar, Sanjay, Paraguas, Stefanni Nonna, Tan, Wan C., Franssen, Frits M. E., Mejza, Filip, Mannino, David, Janson, Christer, Cherkaski, Hamid Hacene, Anand, Mahesh Padukudru, Hafizi, Hasan, Buist, Sonia, Koul, Parvaiz A., Sony, Asmael, Breyer, Marie-Kathrin, Burghuber, Otto C., Wouters, Emiel F. M., Amaral, Andre F. S., Abozid, Hazim, Patel, Jaymini, Burney, Peter, Hartl, Sylvia, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Mortimer, Kevin, Nafees, Asaad A., Al Ghobain, Mohammed, Welte, Tobias, Harrabi, Imed, Denguezli, Meriam, Loh, Li Cher, Rashid, Abdul, Gislason, Thorarinn, Barbara, Cristina, Cardoso, Joao, Rodrigues, Fatima, Seemungal, Terence, Obaseki, Daniel, Juvekar, Sanjay, Paraguas, Stefanni Nonna, Tan, Wan C., Franssen, Frits M. E., Mejza, Filip, Mannino, David, Janson, Christer, Cherkaski, Hamid Hacene, Anand, Mahesh Padukudru, Hafizi, Hasan, Buist, Sonia, Koul, Parvaiz A., Sony, Asmael, Breyer, Marie-Kathrin, Burghuber, Otto C., Wouters, Emiel F. M., and Amaral, Andre F. S.
Abstract: Background Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom with an impact on daily activities and quality of life. Global prevalence data are scarce and derive mainly from European and Asian countries and studies with outcomes other than chronic cough. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough across a large number of study sites as well as to identify its main risk factors using a standardised protocol and definition. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 33,983 adults (>= 40 years), recruited between Jan 2, 2003 and Dec 26, 2016, in 41 sites (34 countries) from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. We estimated the prevalence of chronic cough for each site accounting for sampling design. To identify risk factors, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis within each site and then pooled estimates using random -effects metaanalysis. We also calculated the population attributable risk (PAR) associated with each of the identifed risk factors. Findings The prevalence of chronic cough varied from 3% in India (rural Pune) to 24% in the United States of America (Lexington,KY). Chronic cough was more common among females, both current and passive smokers, those working in a dusty job, those with a history of tuberculosis, those who were obese, those with a low level of education and those with hypertension or airflow limitation. The most influential risk factors were current smoking and working in a dusty job. Interpretation Our findings suggested that the prevalence of chronic cough varies widely across sites in different world regions. Cigarette smoking and exposure to dust in the workplace are its major risk factors.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Prevalence of chronic cough, its risk factors and population attributable risk in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study : a multinational cross-sectional study

Author: Abozid, Hazim, Patel, Jaymini, Burney, Peter, Hartl, Sylvia, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Mortimer, Kevin, Nafees, Asaad A., Al Ghobain, Mohammed, Welte, Tobias, Harrabi, Imed, Denguezli, Meriam, Loh, Li Cher, Rashid, Abdul, Gislason, Thorarinn, Barbara, Cristina, Cardoso, Joao, Rodrigues, Fatima, Seemungal, Terence, Obaseki, Daniel, Juvekar, Sanjay, Paraguas, Stefanni Nonna, Tan, Wan C., Franssen, Frits M. E., Mejza, Filip, Mannino, David, Janson, Christer, Cherkaski, Hamid Hacene, Anand, Mahesh Padukudru, Hafizi, Hasan, Buist, Sonia, Koul, Parvaiz A., Sony, Asmael, Breyer, Marie-Kathrin, Burghuber, Otto C., Wouters, Emiel F. M., Amaral, Andre F. S., Abozid, Hazim, Patel, Jaymini, Burney, Peter, Hartl, Sylvia, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Mortimer, Kevin, Nafees, Asaad A., Al Ghobain, Mohammed, Welte, Tobias, Harrabi, Imed, Denguezli, Meriam, Loh, Li Cher, Rashid, Abdul, Gislason, Thorarinn, Barbara, Cristina, Cardoso, Joao, Rodrigues, Fatima, Seemungal, Terence, Obaseki, Daniel, Juvekar, Sanjay, Paraguas, Stefanni Nonna, Tan, Wan C., Franssen, Frits M. E., Mejza, Filip, Mannino, David, Janson, Christer, Cherkaski, Hamid Hacene, Anand, Mahesh Padukudru, Hafizi, Hasan, Buist, Sonia, Koul, Parvaiz A., Sony, Asmael, Breyer, Marie-Kathrin, Burghuber, Otto C., Wouters, Emiel F. M., and Amaral, Andre F. S.
Abstract: Background Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom with an impact on daily activities and quality of life. Global prevalence data are scarce and derive mainly from European and Asian countries and studies with outcomes other than chronic cough. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough across a large number of study sites as well as to identify its main risk factors using a standardised protocol and definition. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 33,983 adults (>= 40 years), recruited between Jan 2, 2003 and Dec 26, 2016, in 41 sites (34 countries) from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. We estimated the prevalence of chronic cough for each site accounting for sampling design. To identify risk factors, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis within each site and then pooled estimates using random -effects metaanalysis. We also calculated the population attributable risk (PAR) associated with each of the identifed risk factors. Findings The prevalence of chronic cough varied from 3% in India (rural Pune) to 24% in the United States of America (Lexington,KY). Chronic cough was more common among females, both current and passive smokers, those working in a dusty job, those with a history of tuberculosis, those who were obese, those with a low level of education and those with hypertension or airflow limitation. The most influential risk factors were current smoking and working in a dusty job. Interpretation Our findings suggested that the prevalence of chronic cough varies widely across sites in different world regions. Cigarette smoking and exposure to dust in the workplace are its major risk factors.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Prevalence of chronic cough, its risk factors and population attributable risk in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study : a multinational cross-sectional study

Author: Abozid, Hazim, Patel, Jaymini, Burney, Peter, Hartl, Sylvia, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Mortimer, Kevin, Nafees, Asaad A., Al Ghobain, Mohammed, Welte, Tobias, Harrabi, Imed, Denguezli, Meriam, Loh, Li Cher, Rashid, Abdul, Gislason, Thorarinn, Barbara, Cristina, Cardoso, Joao, Rodrigues, Fatima, Seemungal, Terence, Obaseki, Daniel, Juvekar, Sanjay, Paraguas, Stefanni Nonna, Tan, Wan C., Franssen, Frits M. E., Mejza, Filip, Mannino, David, Janson, Christer, Cherkaski, Hamid Hacene, Anand, Mahesh Padukudru, Hafizi, Hasan, Buist, Sonia, Koul, Parvaiz A., Sony, Asmael, Breyer, Marie-Kathrin, Burghuber, Otto C., Wouters, Emiel F. M., Amaral, Andre F. S., Abozid, Hazim, Patel, Jaymini, Burney, Peter, Hartl, Sylvia, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Mortimer, Kevin, Nafees, Asaad A., Al Ghobain, Mohammed, Welte, Tobias, Harrabi, Imed, Denguezli, Meriam, Loh, Li Cher, Rashid, Abdul, Gislason, Thorarinn, Barbara, Cristina, Cardoso, Joao, Rodrigues, Fatima, Seemungal, Terence, Obaseki, Daniel, Juvekar, Sanjay, Paraguas, Stefanni Nonna, Tan, Wan C., Franssen, Frits M. E., Mejza, Filip, Mannino, David, Janson, Christer, Cherkaski, Hamid Hacene, Anand, Mahesh Padukudru, Hafizi, Hasan, Buist, Sonia, Koul, Parvaiz A., Sony, Asmael, Breyer, Marie-Kathrin, Burghuber, Otto C., Wouters, Emiel F. M., and Amaral, Andre F. S.
Abstract: Background Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom with an impact on daily activities and quality of life. Global prevalence data are scarce and derive mainly from European and Asian countries and studies with outcomes other than chronic cough. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough across a large number of study sites as well as to identify its main risk factors using a standardised protocol and definition. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 33,983 adults (>= 40 years), recruited between Jan 2, 2003 and Dec 26, 2016, in 41 sites (34 countries) from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. We estimated the prevalence of chronic cough for each site accounting for sampling design. To identify risk factors, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis within each site and then pooled estimates using random -effects metaanalysis. We also calculated the population attributable risk (PAR) associated with each of the identifed risk factors. Findings The prevalence of chronic cough varied from 3% in India (rural Pune) to 24% in the United States of America (Lexington,KY). Chronic cough was more common among females, both current and passive smokers, those working in a dusty job, those with a history of tuberculosis, those who were obese, those with a low level of education and those with hypertension or airflow limitation. The most influential risk factors were current smoking and working in a dusty job. Interpretation Our findings suggested that the prevalence of chronic cough varies widely across sites in different world regions. Cigarette smoking and exposure to dust in the workplace are its major risk factors.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Prevalence of chronic cough, its risk factors and population attributable risk in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study : a multinational cross-sectional study

Author: Abozid, Hazim, Patel, Jaymini, Burney, Peter, Hartl, Sylvia, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Mortimer, Kevin, Nafees, Asaad A., Al Ghobain, Mohammed, Welte, Tobias, Harrabi, Imed, Denguezli, Meriam, Loh, Li Cher, Rashid, Abdul, Gislason, Thorarinn, Barbara, Cristina, Cardoso, Joao, Rodrigues, Fatima, Seemungal, Terence, Obaseki, Daniel, Juvekar, Sanjay, Paraguas, Stefanni Nonna, Tan, Wan C., Franssen, Frits M. E., Mejza, Filip, Mannino, David, Janson, Christer, Cherkaski, Hamid Hacene, Anand, Mahesh Padukudru, Hafizi, Hasan, Buist, Sonia, Koul, Parvaiz A., Sony, Asmael, Breyer, Marie-Kathrin, Burghuber, Otto C., Wouters, Emiel F. M., Amaral, Andre F. S., Abozid, Hazim, Patel, Jaymini, Burney, Peter, Hartl, Sylvia, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Mortimer, Kevin, Nafees, Asaad A., Al Ghobain, Mohammed, Welte, Tobias, Harrabi, Imed, Denguezli, Meriam, Loh, Li Cher, Rashid, Abdul, Gislason, Thorarinn, Barbara, Cristina, Cardoso, Joao, Rodrigues, Fatima, Seemungal, Terence, Obaseki, Daniel, Juvekar, Sanjay, Paraguas, Stefanni Nonna, Tan, Wan C., Franssen, Frits M. E., Mejza, Filip, Mannino, David, Janson, Christer, Cherkaski, Hamid Hacene, Anand, Mahesh Padukudru, Hafizi, Hasan, Buist, Sonia, Koul, Parvaiz A., Sony, Asmael, Breyer, Marie-Kathrin, Burghuber, Otto C., Wouters, Emiel F. M., and Amaral, Andre F. S.
Abstract: Background Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom with an impact on daily activities and quality of life. Global prevalence data are scarce and derive mainly from European and Asian countries and studies with outcomes other than chronic cough. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough across a large number of study sites as well as to identify its main risk factors using a standardised protocol and definition. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 33,983 adults (>= 40 years), recruited between Jan 2, 2003 and Dec 26, 2016, in 41 sites (34 countries) from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. We estimated the prevalence of chronic cough for each site accounting for sampling design. To identify risk factors, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis within each site and then pooled estimates using random -effects metaanalysis. We also calculated the population attributable risk (PAR) associated with each of the identifed risk factors. Findings The prevalence of chronic cough varied from 3% in India (rural Pune) to 24% in the United States of America (Lexington,KY). Chronic cough was more common among females, both current and passive smokers, those working in a dusty job, those with a history of tuberculosis, those who were obese, those with a low level of education and those with hypertension or airflow limitation. The most influential risk factors were current smoking and working in a dusty job. Interpretation Our findings suggested that the prevalence of chronic cough varies widely across sites in different world regions. Cigarette smoking and exposure to dust in the workplace are its major risk factors.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Equivalence Principle for Quantum Mechanics in the Heisenberg Picture

Author: Kong, Otto C. W. and Kong, Otto C. W.
Abstract: We present an exact quantum observable analog of the weak equivalence principle for a `relativistic' quantum particle. The quantum geodesic equations are obtained from Heisenberg equations of motion as an exact analog of a fully covariant classical Hamiltonian evolution picture, with the proper identification of the canonical momentum variables as $p_\mu$, rather than $p^\mu$. We discuss the meaning of the equations in relation to projective measurements as well as equations with solution curves as ones in the noncommutative geometric picture of spacetime, and a plausible approach to quantum gravity as a theory about quantum observables as physical quantities including the notion of quantum coordinate transformation., Comment: 19 pages in Revtex, no figure; proof-read version published
Published: 2023

8. $E=mc^2$ versus Symmetry for Lorentz Covariant Physics

Author: Kong, Otto C. W., Ting, Hock King, Kong, Otto C. W., and Ting, Hock King
Abstract: The famous equation $E=mc^2$ is a version of particle mass being essentially the magnitude of the (energy-)momentum four-vector in the setting of `relativistic' dynamics, which can be seen as dictated by the Poincar\'e symmetry adopted as the relativity symmetry. However, as Einstein himself suggested, the naive notion of momentum as mass times velocity may not be right. The Hamiltonian formulation perspective gives exactly such a setting which in the case of motion of a charged particle under an electromagnetic field actually has the right, canonical, momentum four-vector with an evolving magnitude. The important simple result seems to have missed proper appreciation. In relation to that, we present clear arguments against taking the Poincar\'e symmetry as the fundamental symmetry behind `relativistic' quantum dynamics, and discuss the proper symmetry theoretical formulation and the necessary picture of the covariant Hamiltonian dynamics with an evolution parameter that is, in general, not a particle proper time. In fact, it is obvious that the action of any position operator of a quantum state violates the on-shell mass condition. The phenomenologically quite successful quantum field theories are `second quantized' versions of `relativistic' quantum mechanics. We present a way for some reconciliation of that with our symmetry picture and discuss implications., Comment: 22 pages Revtex, no figure, published version
Published: 2023
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9. Longitudinal Changes in Cortical Surface Area Associated With Transition to Psychosis in Adolescents at Clinical High Risk for the Disease.

Author: Fortea, A., Eijndhoven, P.F. van, Ilzarbe, D., Batalla, A., Calvet-Mirabent, A., Serna, E. De la, Puig, O., Castro-Fornieles, J., Dolz, M., Tor, J., Parrilla, S., Via, E., Stephan-Otto, C., Baeza, I., Sugranyes, G., Fortea, A., Eijndhoven, P.F. van, Ilzarbe, D., Batalla, A., Calvet-Mirabent, A., Serna, E. De la, Puig, O., Castro-Fornieles, J., Dolz, M., Tor, J., Parrilla, S., Via, E., Stephan-Otto, C., Baeza, I., and Sugranyes, G.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, OBJECTIVE: Identifying biomarkers of transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) is essential to understanding the mechanisms underlying the disease. Although cross-sectional abnormalities in cortical surface area (CSA) have been demonstrated in individuals at CHR-P who transition to psychosis (CHR-P-T) compared with those who do not (CHR-P-NT), how CSA longitudinally develops remains unclear, especially in younger individuals. We set out to compare CSA in adolescents at CHR-P and healthy controls (HC) over 2 points in time. METHOD: A longitudinal multicenter study was performed in adolescents at CHR-P in comparison to HC and according to transition to psychosis. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired at baseline, at 18-month follow-up, or at the time of transition. Images were pre-processed and hemisphere and regional CSA were computed using FreeSurfer. Between-group analyses were performed with linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: A total of 313 scans (107 CHR-P and 102 HC) were included in the analysis. At 18 months, the rate of transition to psychosis in CHR-P was 23.4%. Adolescents at CHR-P-T presented greater age-related decrease in CSA in the left parietal and occipital lobes compared with HC, and in the bilateral parietal lobe and right frontal lobe relative to CHR-P-NT. These results were not influenced by antipsychotic treatment, cannabis use, or intelligence quotient (IQ). CONCLUSION: Adolescents at CHR-P that developed a psychotic disorder presented different developmental trajectories of CSA relative to those who did not. A relatively greater decrease in CSA in the parietal and frontal lobes may index clinical transition to psychosis in adolescents at CHR-P.
Published: 2023

10. Climate Impact Storylines for Assessing Socio-Economic Responses to Remote Events

Author: van den Hurk, B., Baldissera Pacchetti, M., Ciullo, A., Coulter, L., Dessai, S., Ercin, E., Goulart, H., Hamed, R., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Koks, E., Kubiczek, P., Levermann, A., Mechler, R., van Meersbergen, M., Mester, B., Middelanis, R., Minderhoud, K., Mysiak, J., Nirandjan, S., Otto, C., Sayers, P., Sillman, J., Schewe, J., Shepherd, T.G., Stuparu, D., vogt, T., Witpas, K., van den Hurk, B., Baldissera Pacchetti, M., Ciullo, A., Coulter, L., Dessai, S., Ercin, E., Goulart, H., Hamed, R., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Koks, E., Kubiczek, P., Levermann, A., Mechler, R., van Meersbergen, M., Mester, B., Middelanis, R., Minderhoud, K., Mysiak, J., Nirandjan, S., Otto, C., Sayers, P., Sillman, J., Schewe, J., Shepherd, T.G., Stuparu, D., vogt, T., and Witpas, K.
Abstract: Modelling complex interactions involving climatic features, socio-economic vulnerability or responses, and long impact transmissions is associated with substantial uncertainty. Physical climate storylines are proposed as an approach to explore complex impact transmission pathways and possible alternative unfoldings of event cascades under future climate conditions. These storylines are particularly useful for climate risk assessment for complex domains, including event cascades crossing multiple disciplinary or geographical borders. For an effective role in climate risks assessments, development guidelines are needed to consistently develop and interpret the storyline event analyses. This paper elaborates on the suitability of physical climate storyline approaches involving climate event induced shocks propagating into societal impacts. It proposes a set of common elements to construct the event storylines. In addition, criteria for their application for climate risk assessment are given, referring to the need for storylines to be physically plausible, relevant for the specific context, and risk-informative. Apart from an illustrative gallery of storyline examples found in literature, three examples of varying scope and complexity are presented in detail, all involving the potential impact on European socio-economic sectors induced by remote climate change features occurring far outside the geographical domain of the European mainland. The storyline examples illustrate the application of the proposed storyline components and evaluate the suitability of the criteria defined in this paper. It thereby contributes to a rigorous design and application of event-based climate storyline approaches.
Published: 2023

11. Climate Impact Storylines for Assessing Socio-Economic Responses to Remote Events

Author: van den Hurk, B., Baldissera Pacchetti, M., Ciullo, A., Coulter, L., Dessai, S., Ercin, E., Goulart, H., Hamed, R., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Koks, E., Kubiczek, P., Levermann, A., Mechler, R., van Meersbergen, M., Mester, B., Middelanis, R., Minderhoud, K., Mysiak, J., Nirandjan, S., Otto, C., Sayers, P., Sillman, J., Schewe, J., Shepherd, T.G., Stuparu, D., vogt, T., Witpas, K., van den Hurk, B., Baldissera Pacchetti, M., Ciullo, A., Coulter, L., Dessai, S., Ercin, E., Goulart, H., Hamed, R., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Koks, E., Kubiczek, P., Levermann, A., Mechler, R., van Meersbergen, M., Mester, B., Middelanis, R., Minderhoud, K., Mysiak, J., Nirandjan, S., Otto, C., Sayers, P., Sillman, J., Schewe, J., Shepherd, T.G., Stuparu, D., vogt, T., and Witpas, K.
Abstract: Modelling complex interactions involving climatic features, socio-economic vulnerability or responses, and long impact transmissions is associated with substantial uncertainty. Physical climate storylines are proposed as an approach to explore complex impact transmission pathways and possible alternative unfoldings of event cascades under future climate conditions. These storylines are particularly useful for climate risk assessment for complex domains, including event cascades crossing multiple disciplinary or geographical borders. For an effective role in climate risks assessments, development guidelines are needed to consistently develop and interpret the storyline event analyses. This paper elaborates on the suitability of physical climate storyline approaches involving climate event induced shocks propagating into societal impacts. It proposes a set of common elements to construct the event storylines. In addition, criteria for their application for climate risk assessment are given, referring to the need for storylines to be physically plausible, relevant for the specific context, and risk-informative. Apart from an illustrative gallery of storyline examples found in literature, three examples of varying scope and complexity are presented in detail, all involving the potential impact on European socio-economic sectors induced by remote climate change features occurring far outside the geographical domain of the European mainland. The storyline examples illustrate the application of the proposed storyline components and evaluate the suitability of the criteria defined in this paper. It thereby contributes to a rigorous design and application of event-based climate storyline approaches.
Published: 2023

12. Migratory patterns of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean

Author: Troccoli, Gonzalo H., Martínez, Patricia A., Di Marco, Emiliano, Waessle, Juan A., Wöhler, Otto C., Troccoli, Gonzalo H., Martínez, Patricia A., Di Marco, Emiliano, Waessle, Juan A., and Wöhler, Otto C.
Abstract: The Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) is a commercially valuable demersal fish present in the southern hemisphere. Therefore, understanding movements of the species across time and spatial scales would enhance our understanding of its behavior within the Argentine and Chilean Patagonian platform. The Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP, Argentina) initiated a tag-recapture program for D. eleginoides in 2004. A total of 5,907 specimens, mostly juveniles (< 82 cm total length), have been tagged and released in waters off the edge of the Argentine shelf and slope between 37° S and 47° S (northern Sector of the Argentine fishing ground), and east of De los Estados Island and south of Tierra del Fuego (54° S-57° S -southern Sector of the Argentine fishing ground). A total of 121 specimens were recaptured: 25 (20.7%) were recovered in the northern Sector, 84 (69.4%) in the southern Sector and 12 (9.9%) in waters of the Pacific Ocean in Chile. A total of 67.5% were recaptured within 20 nm (37 km) of the release site and 15% traveled distances of less than 120 nm. A smaller fraction (5%) traveled distances between 120 and 400 nm and only 12.5% were recaptured at more than 400 nm. Using a Generalized Additive Model, it was determined that variables Days at liberty, Sector and Time of tagging were influential in the distance traveled by specimens. From the present work, it seems evident that this species possesses high site fidelity and lacks cyclic migratory movements involving a substantial component of the stock in the American southern cone., La merluza negra (Dissostichus eleginoides) es un pez demersal presente en el hemisferio sur, muy valioso comercialmente. Por ello, comprender los movimientos en diferentes escalas temporales y espaciales contribuiría a conocer más acerca del comportamiento que presenta la especie en la plataforma patagónica argentina y chilena. Desde 2004, el Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP, Argentina), inició un programa de marcado y recaptura de D. eleginoides. Un total de 5.907 ejemplares, en su mayoría juveniles (< 82 cm de largo total), fueron marcados y liberados en sectores ubicados en aguas del borde de la plataforma y talud de la Argentina entre 37° S y 47° S (Sector norte del caladero argentino), y al este de la Isla de los Estados y sur de Tierra del Fuego (54° S-57° S -Sector sur del caladero argentino). Actualmente, fueron recapturados 121 ejemplares, 25 (20,7%) se recuperaron en el Sector norte, 84 (69,4%) en el Sector sur y 12 (9,9%) en aguas del Océano Pacífico en Chile. El 67,5% fue recapturado a menos de 20 mn (37 km) del lugar de liberación y 15% recorrió distancias inferiores a las 120 mn. Una fracción menor (5%) recorrió distancias entre 120 y 400 mn y solo 12,5% se recapturó a más de 400 mn. Mediante un Modelo Aditivo Generalizado se determinó que las variables Días en libertad, Sector y Época de marcado influyeron en la distancia recorrida de los ejemplares. A partir del presente trabajo, parece evidente que la especie en el cono sur americano carece de desplazamientos migratorios regulares que involucren a una parte significativa del stock.
Published: 2023

13. Effects of the establishment of marine protected areas on the Argentine Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) fisheries

Author: Martínez, Patricia A., Wöhler, Otto C., Troccoli, Gonzalo H., Di Marco, Emiliano, Martínez, Patricia A., Wöhler, Otto C., Troccoli, Gonzalo H., and Di Marco, Emiliano
Abstract: At the beginning of the 1990s, the Argentine toothfish fishery gained prominence as a consequence of the rapid expansion of trawler and longliner fleets targeting this species. This fishing area covers the slope and shelf from 60° S to 37° S in the Argentine Exclusive Economic Zone. The main fishing ground is located in the southern area, bordering Namuncurá-Burdwood Bank II (NBBII) and Yaganes (Y) marine protected areas (MPA) established in 2018. In order to determine the impact generated by MPAs on effort distribution, 308 fishing trips carried out between 2010 and 2020, which reported 82% of the total fishing effort of Argentine toothfish declared in that period, were spatially analyzed. The Y-MPA sector categorized as National Marine Reserve and located to the south of Tierra del Fuego reported more than half (58%) of the toothfish catch recorded throughout that period, while the NBBII-MPA located to the east of Tierra del Fuego and south of De los Estados Island represented 17%. The NBBII-MPA sector established as a Strict National Marine Reserve and located to the south of the Burdwood Bank represented 25%. With the establishment of the MPAs, 7.11% of the international requirement has been met. At the moment, effects resulting from the creation of MPAs can only be speculated upon qualitatively, but should be quantified in the near future., A principios de la década de 1990, la pesquería de merluza negra argentina ganó protagonismo gracias a la rápida expansión de las flotas de arrastre y palangre que se dirigían a esta especie. Esta zona de pesca cubre el talud y plataforma desde los 60° S hasta los 37° S en la Zona Económica Exclusiva argentina. El principal caladero se encuentra en la zona sur, colindando con las áreas marinas protegidas (AMP) Banco Namuncurá-Burdwood II (NBBII) y Yaganes (Y), establecidas en 2018. Para determinar el impacto que generan las AMP en la distribución del esfuerzo, se analizaron espacialmente 308 viajes de pesca realizados entre 2010 y 2020, que reportaron 82% del total del esfuerzo pesquero declarado de merluza negra argentina en ese período. El sector Y-AMP categorizado como Reserva Nacional Marina y ubicado al sur de Tierra del Fuego, reportó más de la mitad (58%) de la captura de merluza negra registrada durante ese período, mientras que el NBBII-AMP ubicado al este de Tierra del Fuego y sur de la Isla de los Estados representaron 17%. El sector NBBII-AMP establecido como Reserva Nacional Marina Estricta y ubicado al sur del Banco Burdwood representó el 25%. Con el establecimiento de las AMP se ha cumplido 7,11% del requerimiento internacional. En la actualidad, los efectos resultantes de la creación de AMP solo pueden especularse cualitativamente, pero deberían cuantificarse en un futuro próximo.
Published: 2023

14. Climate Impact Storylines for Assessing Socio-Economic Responses to Remote Events

Author: van den Hurk, B., Baldissera Pacchetti, M., Ciullo, A., Coulter, L., Dessai, S., Ercin, E., Goulart, H., Hamed, R., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Koks, E., Kubiczek, P., Levermann, A., Mechler, R., van Meersbergen, M., Mester, B., Middelanis, R., Minderhoud, K., Mysiak, J., Nirandjan, S., Otto, C., Sayers, P., Sillman, J., Schewe, J., Shepherd, T.G., Stuparu, D., vogt, T., Witpas, K., van den Hurk, B., Baldissera Pacchetti, M., Ciullo, A., Coulter, L., Dessai, S., Ercin, E., Goulart, H., Hamed, R., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Koks, E., Kubiczek, P., Levermann, A., Mechler, R., van Meersbergen, M., Mester, B., Middelanis, R., Minderhoud, K., Mysiak, J., Nirandjan, S., Otto, C., Sayers, P., Sillman, J., Schewe, J., Shepherd, T.G., Stuparu, D., vogt, T., and Witpas, K.
Abstract: Modelling complex interactions involving climatic features, socio-economic vulnerability or responses, and long impact transmissions is associated with substantial uncertainty. Physical climate storylines are proposed as an approach to explore complex impact transmission pathways and possible alternative unfoldings of event cascades under future climate conditions. These storylines are particularly useful for climate risk assessment for complex domains, including event cascades crossing multiple disciplinary or geographical borders. For an effective role in climate risks assessments, development guidelines are needed to consistently develop and interpret the storyline event analyses. This paper elaborates on the suitability of physical climate storyline approaches involving climate event induced shocks propagating into societal impacts. It proposes a set of common elements to construct the event storylines. In addition, criteria for their application for climate risk assessment are given, referring to the need for storylines to be physically plausible, relevant for the specific context, and risk-informative. Apart from an illustrative gallery of storyline examples found in literature, three examples of varying scope and complexity are presented in detail, all involving the potential impact on European socio-economic sectors induced by remote climate change features occurring far outside the geographical domain of the European mainland. The storyline examples illustrate the application of the proposed storyline components and evaluate the suitability of the criteria defined in this paper. It thereby contributes to a rigorous design and application of event-based climate storyline approaches.
Published: 2023

15. Climate Impact Storylines for Assessing Socio-Economic Responses to Remote Events

Author: van den Hurk, B., Baldissera Pacchetti, M., Ciullo, A., Coulter, L., Dessai, S., Ercin, E., Goulart, H., Hamed, R., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Koks, E., Kubiczek, P., Levermann, A., Mechler, R., van Meersbergen, M., Mester, B., Middelanis, R., Minderhoud, K., Mysiak, J., Nirandjan, S., Otto, C., Sayers, P., Sillman, J., Schewe, J., Shepherd, T.G., Stuparu, D., vogt, T., Witpas, K., van den Hurk, B., Baldissera Pacchetti, M., Ciullo, A., Coulter, L., Dessai, S., Ercin, E., Goulart, H., Hamed, R., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Koks, E., Kubiczek, P., Levermann, A., Mechler, R., van Meersbergen, M., Mester, B., Middelanis, R., Minderhoud, K., Mysiak, J., Nirandjan, S., Otto, C., Sayers, P., Sillman, J., Schewe, J., Shepherd, T.G., Stuparu, D., vogt, T., and Witpas, K.
Abstract: Modelling complex interactions involving climatic features, socio-economic vulnerability or responses, and long impact transmissions is associated with substantial uncertainty. Physical climate storylines are proposed as an approach to explore complex impact transmission pathways and possible alternative unfoldings of event cascades under future climate conditions. These storylines are particularly useful for climate risk assessment for complex domains, including event cascades crossing multiple disciplinary or geographical borders. For an effective role in climate risks assessments, development guidelines are needed to consistently develop and interpret the storyline event analyses. This paper elaborates on the suitability of physical climate storyline approaches involving climate event induced shocks propagating into societal impacts. It proposes a set of common elements to construct the event storylines. In addition, criteria for their application for climate risk assessment are given, referring to the need for storylines to be physically plausible, relevant for the specific context, and risk-informative. Apart from an illustrative gallery of storyline examples found in literature, three examples of varying scope and complexity are presented in detail, all involving the potential impact on European socio-economic sectors induced by remote climate change features occurring far outside the geographical domain of the European mainland. The storyline examples illustrate the application of the proposed storyline components and evaluate the suitability of the criteria defined in this paper. It thereby contributes to a rigorous design and application of event-based climate storyline approaches.
Published: 2023

16. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study

Author: Roth, G, Mensah, G, Johnson, C, Addolorato, G, Ammirati, E, Baddour, L, Barengo, N, Beaton, A, Benjamin, E, Benziger, C, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brodmann, M, Cahill, T, Carapetis, J, Catapano, A, Chugh, S, Cooper, L, Coresh, J, Criqui, M, Decleene, N, Eagle, K, Emmons-Bell, S, Feigin, V, Fernandez-Sola, J, Fowkes, G, Gakidou, E, Grundy, S, He, F, Howard, G, Hu, F, Inker, L, Karthikeyan, G, Kassebaum, N, Koroshetz, W, Lavie, C, Lloyd-Jones, D, Lu, H, Mirijello, A, Temesgen, A, Mokdad, A, Moran, A, Muntner, P, Narula, J, Neal, B, Ntsekhe, M, Moraes de Oliveira, G, Otto, C, Owolabi, M, Pratt, M, Rajagopalan, S, Reitsma, M, Ribeiro, A, Rigotti, N, Rodgers, A, Sable, C, Shakil, S, Sliwa-Hahnle, K, Stark, B, Sundstrom, J, Timpel, P, Tleyjeh, I, Valgimigli, M, Vos, T, Whelton, P, Yacoub, M, Zuhlke, L, Murray, C, Fuster, V, Fowkes, F, Misganaw, A, Oliveira, G, Sliwa, K, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdi, A, Abedi, A, Aboyans, V, Abrha, W, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, A, Acharya, D, Adair, T, Adebayo, O, Ademi, Z, Advani, S, Afshari, K, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, M, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akande-Sholabi, W, Aklilu, A, Akunna, C, Alahdab, F, Al-Eyadhy, A, Alhabib, K, Alif, S, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Amegah, A, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amu, H, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, T, Andrei, C, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, Z, Antonazzo, I, Antony, B, Anwer, R, Appiah, L, Arabloo, J, Arnlov, J, Artanti, K, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awan, A, Awoke, M, Ayele, H, Ayza, M, Azari, S, B, D, Baheiraei, N, Baig, A, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banik, P, Baptista, E, Barboza, M, Barua, L, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Bejot, Y, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berman, A, Bezabih, Y, Bhagavathula, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, M, Boloor, A, Brant, L, Brenner, H, Briko, N, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Cahill, L, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cantu-Brito, C, Car, J, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Charan, J, Chattu, V, Chen, S, Chin, K, Choi, J, Chu, D, Chung, S, Cirillo, M, Coffey, S, Conti, S, Costa, V, Cundiff, D, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Damasceno, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davletov, K, De la Cruz-Gongora, V, De la Hoz, F, De Neve, J, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Derbew Molla, M, Derseh, B, Desai, R, Deuschl, G, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, R, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dokova, K, Douiri, A, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Eagan, A, Ebtehaj, S, Eftekhari, A, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, I, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Esteghamati, S, Etisso, A, Eyawo, O, Fadhil, I, Faraon, E, Faris, P, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Fernandez Prendes, C, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Gaidhane, S, Ganji, M, Garg, J, Gebre, A, Gebregiorgis, B, Gebregzabiher, K, Gebremeskel, G, Getacher, L, Obsa, A, Ghajar, A, 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A, Kivimaki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Korshunov, V, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Kwan, G, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lallukka, T, Lan, Q, Lasrado, S, Lassi, Z, Lauriola, P, Lawrence, W, Laxmaiah, A, Legrand, K, Li, M, Li, B, Li, S, Lim, S, Lim, L, Lin, H, Lin, Z, Lin, R, Liu, X, Lopez, A, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lugo, A, M, N, Madotto, F, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Mamun, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martini, S, Mathur, M, Mazzaglia, G, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, M, Meier, T, Menezes, R, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, D, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, M, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Montasir, A, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno Velasquez, I, Morze, J, Mubarik, S, Muruet, W, Musa, K, 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A., Mensah G. A., Johnson C. O., Addolorato G., Ammirati E., Baddour L. M., Barengo N. C., Beaton A. Z., Benjamin E. J., Benziger C. P., Bonny A., Brauer M., Brodmann M., Cahill T. J., Carapetis J., Catapano A. L., Chugh S. S., Cooper L. T., Coresh J., Criqui M., DeCleene N., Eagle K. A., Emmons-Bell S., Feigin V. L., Fernandez-Sola J., Fowkes G., Gakidou E., Grundy S. M., He F. J., Howard G., Hu F., Inker L., Karthikeyan G., Kassebaum N., Koroshetz W., Lavie C., Lloyd-Jones D., Lu H. S., Mirijello A., Temesgen A. M., Mokdad A., Moran A. E., Muntner P., Narula J., Neal B., Ntsekhe M., Moraes de Oliveira G., Otto C., Owolabi M., Pratt M., Rajagopalan S., Reitsma M., Ribeiro A. L. P., Rigotti N., Rodgers A., Sable C., Shakil S., Sliwa-Hahnle K., Stark B., Sundstrom J., Timpel P., Tleyjeh I. M., Valgimigli M., Vos T., Whelton P. K., Yacoub M., Zuhlke L., Murray C., Fuster V., Beaton A., Carapetis J. R., Chugh S., Criqui M. H., DeCleene N. K., Fowkes F. G. R., Kassebaum N. 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B., Baheiraei N., Baig A. A., Bakhtiari A., Banach M., Banik P. C., Baptista E. A., Barboza M. A., Barua L., Basu S., Bedi N., Bejot Y., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Berman A. E., Bezabih Y. M., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birhanu M. M., Boloor A., Brant L. C., Brenner H., Briko N. I., Butt Z. A., Caetano dos Santos F. L., Cahill L. E., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L. A., Campos-Nonato I. R., Cantu-Brito C., Car J., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Charan J., Chattu V. K., Chen S., Chin K. L., Choi J. -Y. J., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Cirillo M., Coffey S., Conti S., Costa V. M., Cundiff D. K., Dadras O., Dagnew B., Dai X., Damasceno A. A. M., Dandona L., Dandona R., Davletov K., De la Cruz-Gongora V., De la Hoz F. P., De Neve J. -W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Derbew Molla M., Derseh B. T., Desai R., Deuschl G., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M., Dhungana R. R., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Dokova K., Douiri A., Duncan B. B., Duraes A. R., Eagan A. W., Ebtehaj S., Eftekhari A., Eftekharzadeh S., Ekholuenetale M., El Nahas N., Elgendy I. Y., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S. I., Esteghamati S., Etisso A. E., Eyawo O., Fadhil I., Faraon E. J. A., Faris P. S., Farwati M., Farzadfar F., Fernandes E., Fernandez Prendes C., Ferrara P., Filip I., Fischer F., Flood D., Fukumoto T., Gad M. M., Gaidhane S., Ganji M., Garg J., Gebre A. K., Gebregiorgis B. G., Gebregzabiher K. Z., Gebremeskel G. G., Getacher L., Obsa A. G., Ghajar A., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Giampaoli S., Gilani S. A., Gill P. S., Gillum R. F., Glushkova E. V., Gnedovskaya E. V., Golechha M., Gonfa K. B., Goudarzian A. H., Goulart A. C., Guadamuz J. S., Guha A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Hachinski V., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile T. G., Hamadeh R. R., Hamidi S., Hankey G. J., Hargono A., Hartono R. K., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassen H. Y., Havmoeller R. J., Hay S. 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J., Koroshetz W. J., Misganaw A. T., Mokdad A. H., Oliveira G. M. M., Otto C. M., Owolabi M. O., Reitsma M. B., Rigotti N. A., Sable C. A., Shakil S. S., Sliwa K., Stark B. A., Tleyjeh I. I., Zuhlke L. J., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abdi A., Abedi A., Aboyans V., Abrha W. A., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A. I., Acharya D., Adair T., Adebayo O. M., Ademi Z., Advani S. M., Afshari K., Afshin A., Agarwal G., Agasthi P., Ahmad S., Ahmadi S., Ahmed M. B., Aji B., Akalu Y., Akande-Sholabi W., Aklilu A., Akunna C. J., Alahdab F., Al-Eyadhy A., Alhabib K. F., Alif S. M., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Alla F., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Amegah A. K., Amini S., Aminorroaya A., Amu H., Amugsi D. A., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei T., Andrei C. L., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anteneh Z. A., Antonazzo I. C., Antony B., Anwer R., Appiah L. T., Arabloo J., Arnlov J., Artanti K. D., Ataro Z., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Awan A. T., Awoke M. A., Ayele H. T., Ayza M. A., Azari S., B D. B., Baheiraei N., Baig A. A., Bakhtiari A., Banach M., Banik P. C., Baptista E. A., Barboza M. A., Barua L., Basu S., Bedi N., Bejot Y., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Berman A. E., Bezabih Y. M., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birhanu M. M., Boloor A., Brant L. C., Brenner H., Briko N. I., Butt Z. A., Caetano dos Santos F. L., Cahill L. E., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L. A., Campos-Nonato I. R., Cantu-Brito C., Car J., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Charan J., Chattu V. K., Chen S., Chin K. L., Choi J. -Y. J., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Cirillo M., Coffey S., Conti S., Costa V. M., Cundiff D. K., Dadras O., Dagnew B., Dai X., Damasceno A. A. M., Dandona L., Dandona R., Davletov K., De la Cruz-Gongora V., De la Hoz F. P., De Neve J. -W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Derbew Molla M., Derseh B. T., Desai R., Deuschl G., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M., Dhungana R. R., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Dokova K., Douiri A., Duncan B. B., Duraes A. R., Eagan A. W., Ebtehaj S., Eftekhari A., Eftekharzadeh S., Ekholuenetale M., El Nahas N., Elgendy I. Y., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S. I., Esteghamati S., Etisso A. E., Eyawo O., Fadhil I., Faraon E. J. A., Faris P. S., Farwati M., Farzadfar F., Fernandes E., Fernandez Prendes C., Ferrara P., Filip I., Fischer F., Flood D., Fukumoto T., Gad M. M., Gaidhane S., Ganji M., Garg J., Gebre A. K., Gebregiorgis B. G., Gebregzabiher K. Z., Gebremeskel G. G., Getacher L., Obsa A. G., Ghajar A., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Giampaoli S., Gilani S. A., Gill P. S., Gillum R. F., Glushkova E. V., Gnedovskaya E. V., Golechha M., Gonfa K. B., Goudarzian A. H., Goulart A. C., Guadamuz J. S., Guha A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Hachinski V., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile T. G., Hamadeh R. R., Hamidi S., Hankey G. J., Hargono A., Hartono R. K., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassen H. Y., Havmoeller R. J., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Herteliu C., Holla R., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Huang J., Humayun A., Iavicoli I., Ibeneme C. U., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Iqbal U., Irvani S. S. N., Islam S. M. S., Islam R. M., Iso H., Iwagami M., Jain V., Javaheri T., Jayapal S. K., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jeemon P., Jha R. P., Jonas J. B., Jonnagaddala J., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kahlon T., Kalani R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamel I., Kandel H., Kandel A., Karch A., Kasa A. S., Katoto P. D. M. C., Kayode G. A., Khader Y. S., Khammarnia M., Khan M. S., Khan M. N., Khan M., Khan E. A., Khatab K., Kibria G. M. A., Kim Y. J., Kim G. R., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kivimaki M., Kolte D., Koolivand A., Korshunov V. A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S. L., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kulkarni V., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kurmi O. P., Kusuma D., Kwan G. F., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lallukka T., Lan Q., Lasrado S., Lassi Z. S., Lauriola P., Lawrence W. R., Laxmaiah A., LeGrand K. E., Li M. -C., Li B., Li S., Lim S. S., Lim L. -L., Lin H., Lin Z., Lin R. -T., Liu X., Lopez A. D., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P. A., Lugo A., M N. K., Madotto F., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Mamun A. A., Manafi N., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Martini S., Mathur M. R., Mazzaglia G., Mehata S., Mehndiratta M. M., Meier T., Menezes R. G., Meretoja A., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Miller T. R., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D. K., Mohammed S., Mohammed M. A., Mokhayeri Y., Molokhia M., Montasir A. A., Moradi G., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morawska L., Moreno Velasquez I., Morze J., Mubarik S., Muruet W., Musa K. I., Nagarajan A. J., Nalini M., Nangia V., Naqvi A. A., Narasimha Swamy S., Nascimento B. R., Nayak V. C., Nazari J., Nazarzadeh M., Negoi R. I., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen H. L. T., Nixon M. R., Norrving B., Noubiap J. J., Nouthe B. E., Nowak C., Odukoya O. O., Ogbo F. A., Olagunju A. T., Orru H., Ortiz A., Ostroff S. M., Padubidri J. R., Palladino R., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Parekh U., Park E. -C., Parvizi M., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel U. K., Pathak M., Paudel R., Pepito V. C. F., Perianayagam A., Perico N., Pham H. Q., Pilgrim T., Piradov M. A., Pishgar F., Podder V., Polibin R. V., Pourshams A., Pribadi D. R. A., Rabiee N., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Ur Rahman M. H., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rakovac I., Ram P., Ramalingam S., Rana J., Ranasinghe P., Rao S. J., Rathi P., Rawal L., Rawasia W. F., Rawassizadeh R., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezapour A., Riahi S. M., Roberts-Thomson R. L., Roever L., Rohloff P., Romoli M., Roshandel G., Rwegerera G. M., Saadatagah S., Saber-Ayad M. M., Sabour S., Sacco S., Sadeghi M., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Safari S., Sahebkar A., Salehi S., Salimzadeh H., Samaei M., Samy A. M., Santos I. S., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarrafzadegan N., Sarveazad A., Sathish T., Sawhney M., Saylan M., Schmidt M. I., Schutte A. E., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Sha F., Shahabi S., Shahid I., Shaikh M. A., Shamali M., Shamsizadeh M., Shawon M. S. R., Sheikh A., Shigematsu M., Shin M. -J., Shin J. I., Shiri R., Shiue I., Shuval K., Siabani S., Siddiqi T. J., Silva D. A. S., Singh J. A., Mtech A. S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Soheili A., Spurlock E. E., Stockfelt L., Stortecky S., Stranges S., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Tadbiri H., Tadesse E. G., Tadesse D. B., Tajdini M., Tariqujjaman M., Teklehaimanot B. F., Temsah M. -H., Tesema A. K., Thakur B., Thankappan K. R., Thapar R., Thrift A. G., Timalsina B., Tonelli M., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tripathi A., Tripathy J. P., Truelsen T. C., Tsegay G. M., Tsegaye G. W., Tsilimparis N., Tusa B. S., Tyrovolas S., Umapathi K. K., Unim B., Unnikrishnan B., Usman M. S., Vaduganathan M., Valdez P. R., Vasankari T. J., Velazquez D. Z., Venketasubramanian N., Vu G. T., Vujcic I. S., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang F., Wei J., Weintraub R. G., Weldemariam A. H., Westerman R., Winkler A. S., Wiysonge C. S., Wolfe C. D. A., Wubishet B. L., Xu G., Yadollahpour A., Yamagishi K., Yan L. L., Yandrapalli S., Yano Y., Yatsuya H., Yeheyis T. Y., Yeshaw Y., Yilgwan C. S., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Zachariah G., Zaman S. B., Zaman M. S., Zamanian M., Zand R., Zandifar A., Zarghi A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Z. -J., Zhang Y., Zhang W., Zhong C., Zou Z., Zuniga Y. M. H., and Murray C. J. L.
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside
Published: 2020

17. Effects of the chymase inhibitor fulacimstat on adverse cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction-Results of the Chymase Inhibitor in Adverse Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction (CHIARA MIA) 2 tria

Author: Duengen, H, Kim, R, Zahger, D, Orvin, K, Kornowski, R, Admon, D, Kettner, J, Shimony, A, Otto, C, Becka, M, Kanefendt, F, Romo, A, Hasin, T, Ostadal, P, Rojas, G, Senni, M, GROUP investigators of the CHIARA MIA, 2, Duengen HD, Kim RJ, Zahger D, Orvin K, Kornowski R, Admon D, Kettner J, Shimony A, Otto C, Becka M, Kanefendt F, Romo AI, Hasin T, Ostadal P, Rojas GC, Senni M, GROUP investigators of the CHIARA MIA 2 trial, Duengen, H, Kim, R, Zahger, D, Orvin, K, Kornowski, R, Admon, D, Kettner, J, Shimony, A, Otto, C, Becka, M, Kanefendt, F, Romo, A, Hasin, T, Ostadal, P, Rojas, G, Senni, M, GROUP investigators of the CHIARA MIA, 2, Duengen HD, Kim RJ, Zahger D, Orvin K, Kornowski R, Admon D, Kettner J, Shimony A, Otto C, Becka M, Kanefendt F, Romo AI, Hasin T, Ostadal P, Rojas GC, Senni M, and GROUP investigators of the CHIARA MIA 2 trial
Abstract: Background: Adverse cardiac remodeling is a major risk factor for the development of post myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF). This study investigates the effects of the chymase inhibitor fulacimstat on adverse cardiac remodeling after acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial patients with first STEMI were eligible. To preferentially enrich patients at high risk of adverse remodeling, main inclusion criteria were a left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤45% and an infarct size >10% on day 5 to 9 post MI as measured by cardiac MRI. Patients were then randomized to 6 months treatment with either 25 mg fulacimstat (n = 54) or placebo (n = 53) twice daily on top of standard of care starting day 6 to 12 post MI. The changes in LVEF, LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), and LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) from baseline to 6 months were analyzed by a central blinded cardiac MRI core laboratory. Results: Fulacimstat was safe and well tolerated and achieved mean total trough concentrations that were approximately tenfold higher than those predicted to be required for minimal therapeutic activity. Comparable changes in LVEF (fulacimstat: 3.5% ± 5.4%, placebo: 4.0% ± 5.0%, P = .69), LVEDVI (fulacimstat: 7.3 ± 13.3 mL/m2, placebo: 5.1 ± 18.9 mL/m2, P = .54), and LVESVI (fulacimstat: 2.3 ± 11.2 mL/m2, placebo: 0.6 ± 14.8 mL/m2, P = .56) were observed in both treatment arms. Conclusion: Fulacimstat was safe and well tolerated in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction (LVD) after first STEMI but had no effect on cardiac remodeling.
Published: 2020

18. Towards Noncommutative Quantum Reality

Author: Kong, Otto C. W. and Kong, Otto C. W.
Abstract: The implications of the physical theory of quantum mechanics on the question of realism is much a subject of sustaining interest, while the background questions among physicists on how to think about all the theoretical notion and `interpretation' of the theory remains controversial. Through a careful analysis of the theoretical notions with the help of modern mathematical perspectives, we give here a picture of quantum mechanics, as the basic theory for `nonrelativistic' particle dynamics, that can be seen as being as much about the physical reality as classical mechanics itself. The key is to fully embrace the noncommutativity of the theory and see it as a notion about the reality of physical quantities. Quantum reality is then just a noncommutative version of the classical reality., Comment: 32 pages of latex, no figure, proofread version to be published
Published: 2022

19. Novel VHH-Based Tracers with Variable Plasma Half-Lives for Imaging of CAIX-Expressing Hypoxic Tumor Cells

Author: van Lith, Sanne A M, Huizing, Fokko J, Franssen, Gerben M, Hoeben, Bianca A W, Lok, Jasper, Doulkeridou, Sofia, Boerman, Otto C, Gotthardt, Martin, van Bergen En Henegouwen, Paul M P, Bussink, Johan, Heskamp, Sandra, van Lith, Sanne A M, Huizing, Fokko J, Franssen, Gerben M, Hoeben, Bianca A W, Lok, Jasper, Doulkeridou, Sofia, Boerman, Otto C, Gotthardt, Martin, van Bergen En Henegouwen, Paul M P, Bussink, Johan, and Heskamp, Sandra
Abstract: Hypoxic areas are present in the majority of solid tumors, and hypoxia is associated with resistance to therapies and poor outcomes. A transmembrane protein that is upregulated by tumor cells that have adapted to hypoxic conditions is carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). Therefore, noninvasive imaging of CAIX could be of prognostic value, and it could steer treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to compare variants of CAIX-binding VHH B9, with and without a C-terminal albumin-binding domain with varying affinity (ABDlow and ABDhigh), for SPECT imaging of CAIX expression. The binding affinity and internalization of the various B9-variants were analyzed using SK-RC-52 cells. Biodistribution studies were performed in mice with subcutaneous SCCNij153 human head and neck cancer xenografts. Tracer uptake was determined by ex vivo radioactivity counting and visualized by SPECT/CT imaging. Furthermore, autoradiography images of tumor sections were spatially correlated with CAIX immunohistochemistry. B9-variants demonstrated a similar moderate affinity for CAIX in vitro. Maximal tumor uptake and acceptable tumor-to-blood ratios were found in the SCCNij153 model at 4 h post injection for [111In]In-DTPA-B9 (0.51 ± 0.08%ID/g and 8.1 ± 0.85, respectively), 24 h post injection for [111In]In-DTPA-B9-ABDlow (2.39 ± 0.44%ID/g and 3.66 ± 0.81, respectively) and at 72 h post injection for [111In]In-DTPA-B9-ABDhigh (8.7 ± 1.34%ID/g and 2.43 ± 0.15, respectively). An excess of unlabeled monoclonal anti-CAIX antibody efficiently inhibited tumor uptake of [111In]In-DTPA-B9, while only a partial reduction of [111In]In-DTPA-B9-ABDlow and [111In]In-DTPA-B9-ABDhigh uptake was found. Immunohistochemistry and autoradiography images showed colocalization of all B9-variants with CAIX expression; however, [111In]In-DTPA-B9-ABDlow and [111In]In-DTPA-B9-ABDhigh also accumulated in non-CAIX expressing regions. Tumor uptake of [111In]In-DTPA-B9-ABDlow and [111In]In-DTPA-B9-ABDhigh, but not of [11
Published: 2022

20. Climate Impact Storylines for Assessing Socio-Economic Responses to Remote Events

Author: van den Hurk, B., Baldissera Pacchetti, M., Ciullo, A., Coulter, L., Dessai, S., Ercin, E., Goulart, H., Hamed, R., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Koks, E., Kubiczek, P., Levermann, A., Mechler, R., van Meersbergen, M., Mester, B., Middelanis, R., Minderhoud, K., Mysiak, J., Nirandjan, S., Otto, C., Sayers, P., Sillman, J., Schewe, J., Shepherd, T.G., Stuparu, D., vogt, T., Witpas, K., van den Hurk, B., Baldissera Pacchetti, M., Ciullo, A., Coulter, L., Dessai, S., Ercin, E., Goulart, H., Hamed, R., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Koks, E., Kubiczek, P., Levermann, A., Mechler, R., van Meersbergen, M., Mester, B., Middelanis, R., Minderhoud, K., Mysiak, J., Nirandjan, S., Otto, C., Sayers, P., Sillman, J., Schewe, J., Shepherd, T.G., Stuparu, D., vogt, T., and Witpas, K.
Abstract: Complex interactions involving climatic features, socio-economic vulnerability or responses, and long impact transmissions are associated with substantial uncertainty. Physical climate storylines are proposed as approach to explore complex impact transmission pathways and possible alternative unfolding of event cascades under future climate conditions. These storylines are particularly useful for climate risk assessment for complex domains, including event cascades crossing multiple disciplinary or geographical borders. For an effective role in climate risks assessments, practical guidelines are needed to consistently develop and interpret the storyline event analyses.This paper elaborates on the suitability of physical climate storyline approaches involving climate event induced shocks propagating into societal impacts. It proposes a set of common elements to construct the event storylines. In addition, criteria for their application for climate risk assessment are given, referring to the need for storylines to be physically plausible, relevant for the specific context, and risk-informative.Six examples of varying scope and complexity are presented, all involving the potential climate change impact on European socio-economic sectors induced by remote climate change features occurring far outside the geographical domain of the European mainland. The storyline examples illustrate the application of the proposed storyline components and evaluates the suitability criteria defined in this paper. It thereby contributes to the standardization of the design and application of event-based climate storyline approaches.
Published: 2022

21. Changes in lung function in European adults born between 1884 and 1996 and implications for the diagnosis of lung disease : a cross-sectional analysis of ten population-based studies

Author: Allinson, James P., Afzal, Shoaib, Çolak, Yunus, Jarvis, Debbie, Backman, Helena, van den Berge, Maarten, Boezen, H. Marike, Breyer, Marie-Kathrin, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Brusselle, Guy, Burghuber, Otto C., Faner, Rosa, Hartl, Sylvia, Lahousse, Lies, Langhammer, Arnulf, Lundbäck, Bo, Nwaru, Bright I., Rönmark, Eva, Vikjord, Sigrid A. Aalberg, Vonk, Judith M., Wijnant, Sara R. A., Lange, Peter, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Olvera, Nuria, Agusti, Alvar, Donaldson, Gavin C., Wedzicha, Jadwiga A., Vestbo, Jørgen, Vanfleteren, Lowie E. G. W., Allinson, James P., Afzal, Shoaib, Çolak, Yunus, Jarvis, Debbie, Backman, Helena, van den Berge, Maarten, Boezen, H. Marike, Breyer, Marie-Kathrin, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Brusselle, Guy, Burghuber, Otto C., Faner, Rosa, Hartl, Sylvia, Lahousse, Lies, Langhammer, Arnulf, Lundbäck, Bo, Nwaru, Bright I., Rönmark, Eva, Vikjord, Sigrid A. Aalberg, Vonk, Judith M., Wijnant, Sara R. A., Lange, Peter, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Olvera, Nuria, Agusti, Alvar, Donaldson, Gavin C., Wedzicha, Jadwiga A., Vestbo, Jørgen, and Vanfleteren, Lowie E. G. W.
Abstract: Background: During the past century, socioeconomic and scientific advances have resulted in changes in the health and physique of European populations. Accompanying improvements in lung function, if unrecognised, could result in the misclassification of lung function measurements and misdiagnosis of lung diseases. We therefore investigated changes in population lung function with birth year across the past century, accounting for increasing population height, and examined how such changes might influence the interpretation of lung function measurements. Methods: In our analyses of cross-sectional data from ten European population-based studies, we included individuals aged 20–94 years who were born between 1884 and 1996, regardless of previous respiratory diagnoses or symptoms. FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC), height, weight, and smoking behaviour were measured between 1965 and 2016. We used meta-regression to investigate how FEV1 and FVC (adjusting for age, study, height, sex, smoking status, smoking pack-years, and weight) and the FEV1/FVC ratio (adjusting for age, study, sex, and smoking status) changed with birth year. Using estimates from these models, we graphically explored how mean lung function values would be expected to progressively deviate from predicted values. To substantiate our findings, we used linear regression to investigate how the FEV1 and FVC values predicted by 32 reference equations published between 1961 and 2015 changed with estimated birth year. Findings: Across the ten included studies, we included 243 465 European participants (mean age 51·4 years, 95% CI 51·4–51·5) in our analysis, of whom 136 275 (56·0%) were female and 107 190 (44·0%) were male. After full adjustment, FEV1 increased by 4·8 mL/birth year (95% CI 2·6–7·0; p<0·0001) and FVC increased by 8·8 mL/birth year (5·7–12·0; p<0·0001). Birth year-related increases in the FEV1 and FVC values predicted by published reference equations corroborated these findings. This heigh
Published: 2022
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22. Towards Noncommutative Quantum Reality

Author: Kong, Otto C. W. and Kong, Otto C. W.
Abstract: The implications of the physical theory of quantum mechanics on the question of realism is much a subject of sustaining interest, while the background questions among physicists on how to think about all the theoretical notion and `interpretation' of the theory remains controversial. Through a careful analysis of the theoretical notions with the help of modern mathematical perspectives, we give here a picture of quantum mechanics, as the basic theory for `nonrelativistic' particle dynamics, that can be seen as being as much about the physical reality as classical mechanics itself. The key is to fully embrace the noncommutativity of the theory and see it as a notion about the reality of physical quantities. Quantum reality is then just a noncommutative version of the classical reality., Comment: 32 pages of latex, no figure, proofread version to be published
Published: 2022

23. Novel VHH-Based Tracers with Variable Plasma Half-Lives for Imaging of CAIX-Expressing Hypoxic Tumor Cells

Author: Sub Cell Biology, Celbiologie, van Lith, Sanne A M, Huizing, Fokko J, Franssen, Gerben M, Hoeben, Bianca A W, Lok, Jasper, Doulkeridou, Sofia, Boerman, Otto C, Gotthardt, Martin, van Bergen En Henegouwen, Paul M P, Bussink, Johan, Heskamp, Sandra, Sub Cell Biology, Celbiologie, van Lith, Sanne A M, Huizing, Fokko J, Franssen, Gerben M, Hoeben, Bianca A W, Lok, Jasper, Doulkeridou, Sofia, Boerman, Otto C, Gotthardt, Martin, van Bergen En Henegouwen, Paul M P, Bussink, Johan, and Heskamp, Sandra
Published: 2022

24. Novel VHH-Based Tracers with Variable Plasma Half-Lives for Imaging of CAIX-Expressing Hypoxic Tumor Cells

Author: Sub Cell Biology, Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, van Lith, Sanne A M, Huizing, Fokko J, Franssen, Gerben M, Hoeben, Bianca A W, Lok, Jasper, Doulkeridou, Sofia, Boerman, Otto C, Gotthardt, Martin, van Bergen En Henegouwen, Paul M P, Bussink, Johan, Heskamp, Sandra, Sub Cell Biology, Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, van Lith, Sanne A M, Huizing, Fokko J, Franssen, Gerben M, Hoeben, Bianca A W, Lok, Jasper, Doulkeridou, Sofia, Boerman, Otto C, Gotthardt, Martin, van Bergen En Henegouwen, Paul M P, Bussink, Johan, and Heskamp, Sandra
Published: 2022

25. Changes in lung function in European adults born between 1884 and 1996 and implications for the diagnosis of lung disease:a cross-sectional analysis of ten population-based studies

Author: Allinson, James P., Afzal, Shoaib, Çolak, Yunus, Jarvis, Debbie, Backman, Helena, van den Berge, Maarten, Boezen, H. Marike, Breyer, Marie Kathrin, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Brusselle, Guy, Burghuber, Otto C., Faner, Rosa, Hartl, Sylvia, Lahousse, Lies, Langhammer, Arnulf, Lundbäck, Bo, Nwaru, Bright I., Rönmark, Eva, Vikjord, Sigrid A.Aalberg, Vonk, Judith M., Wijnant, Sara R.A., Lange, Peter, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Olvera, Nuria, Agusti, Alvar, Donaldson, Gavin C., Wedzicha, Jadwiga A., Vestbo, Jørgen, Vanfleteren, Lowie E.G.W., Allinson, James P., Afzal, Shoaib, Çolak, Yunus, Jarvis, Debbie, Backman, Helena, van den Berge, Maarten, Boezen, H. Marike, Breyer, Marie Kathrin, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Brusselle, Guy, Burghuber, Otto C., Faner, Rosa, Hartl, Sylvia, Lahousse, Lies, Langhammer, Arnulf, Lundbäck, Bo, Nwaru, Bright I., Rönmark, Eva, Vikjord, Sigrid A.Aalberg, Vonk, Judith M., Wijnant, Sara R.A., Lange, Peter, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Olvera, Nuria, Agusti, Alvar, Donaldson, Gavin C., Wedzicha, Jadwiga A., Vestbo, Jørgen, and Vanfleteren, Lowie E.G.W.
Abstract: Background: During the past century, socioeconomic and scientific advances have resulted in changes in the health and physique of European populations. Accompanying improvements in lung function, if unrecognised, could result in the misclassification of lung function measurements and misdiagnosis of lung diseases. We therefore investigated changes in population lung function with birth year across the past century, accounting for increasing population height, and examined how such changes might influence the interpretation of lung function measurements. Methods: In our analyses of cross-sectional data from ten European population-based studies, we included individuals aged 20–94 years who were born between 1884 and 1996, regardless of previous respiratory diagnoses or symptoms. FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC), height, weight, and smoking behaviour were measured between 1965 and 2016. We used meta-regression to investigate how FEV1 and FVC (adjusting for age, study, height, sex, smoking status, smoking pack-years, and weight) and the FEV1/FVC ratio (adjusting for age, study, sex, and smoking status) changed with birth year. Using estimates from these models, we graphically explored how mean lung function values would be expected to progressively deviate from predicted values. To substantiate our findings, we used linear regression to investigate how the FEV1 and FVC values predicted by 32 reference equations published between 1961 and 2015 changed with estimated birth year. Findings: Across the ten included studies, we included 243 465 European participants (mean age 51·4 years, 95% CI 51·4–51·5) in our analysis, of whom 136 275 (56·0%) were female and 107 190 (44·0%) were male. After full adjustment, FEV1 increased by 4·8 mL/birth year (95% CI 2·6–7·0; p<0·0001) and FVC increased by 8·8 mL/birth year (5·7–12·0; p<0·0001). Birth year-related increases in the FEV1 and FVC values predicted by
Published: 2022

26. Quantum Origin of (Newtonian) Mass and Symmetry for Lorentz Covariant Physics

Author: Kong, Otto C. W., Ting, Hock King, Kong, Otto C. W., and Ting, Hock King
Abstract: The Galilean symmetry and the Poincare symmetry are usually taken as the fundamental (relativity) symmetries for `nonrelativistic' and `relativistic' physics, respectively, quantum or classical. Our fully group theoretical formulation approach to the theories, together with its natural companion of mechanics from symplectic geometry, ask for different perspectives. We present a sketch of the full picture here, emphasizing aspects which are different from the more familiar picture. The letter summarizes our earlier presented formulation while focusing on the part beyond, with an adjusted, or corrected, identification of the basic representations having the (Newtonian) mass as a Casimir invariant. Discussion on the limitations of the Poincare symmetry for the purpose is particularly elaborated., Comment: Material developed and elaborated in two separate new articles, one focuses only on the `nonrelativistic' case and the other on the `relativistic' case, with different title and authorship
Published: 2021

27. Quantum Frames of Reference and the Noncommutative Values of Observables

Author: Kong, Otto C. W. and Kong, Otto C. W.
Abstract: Based on a recent relational formulation of quantum reference frame transformations, especially with a case of quantum spatial translations in particular, we analyzed how the `value' of an observable for a fixed state change. That is the exact analog of the classical description, for example, of the value of the $x$-coordinate for a particle decrease by 2 units when we perform a translation of the reference frame putting the new origin at $x=2$. The essence of the quantum reference frame transformations is to have the quantum fluctuations, and even entanglement, of the physical object which serves as the (new) reference frame, taken into account. We illustrate how the recently introduced notion of the noncommutative values of quantum observables gives such a definite description successfully. Formulations, and an analysis of a case example in qubit systems, of analog transformations for observables with a discrete or finite spectrum is also presented. Issues about the evolving picture of the symmetry system of all quantum reference frame transformations discussed., Comment: 34 latex pages, no figure
Published: 2021

28. Integrated perspective on translating biophysical to economic impacts of climate change

Author: Piontek, F, Drouet, L, Emmerling, J, Kompas, T, Mejean, A, Otto, C, Rising, JS, Soergel, B, Taconet, N, Tavoni, M, Piontek, F, Drouet, L, Emmerling, J, Kompas, T, Mejean, A, Otto, C, Rising, JS, Soergel, B, Taconet, N, and Tavoni, M
Published: 2021

29. Quantum Origin of (Newtonian) Mass and Symmetry for Lorentz Covariant Physics

Author: Kong, Otto C. W., Ting, Hock King, Kong, Otto C. W., and Ting, Hock King
Abstract: The Galilean symmetry and the Poincare symmetry are usually taken as the fundamental (relativity) symmetries for `nonrelativistic' and `relativistic' physics, respectively, quantum or classical. Our fully group theoretical formulation approach to the theories, together with its natural companion of mechanics from symplectic geometry, ask for different perspectives. We present a sketch of the full picture here, emphasizing aspects which are different from the more familiar picture. The letter summarizes our earlier presented formulation while focusing on the part beyond, with an adjusted, or corrected, identification of the basic representations having the (Newtonian) mass as a Casimir invariant. Discussion on the limitations of the Poincare symmetry for the purpose is particularly elaborated., Comment: Material developed and elaborated in two separate new articles, one focuses only on the `nonrelativistic' case and the other on the `relativistic' case, with different title and authorship
Published: 2021

30. Quantum Frames of Reference and the Noncommutative Values of Observables

Author: Kong, Otto C. W. and Kong, Otto C. W.
Abstract: Based on a recent relational formulation of quantum reference frame transformations, especially with a case of quantum spatial translations in particular, we analyzed how the `value' of an observable for a fixed state change. That is the exact analog of the classical description, for example, of the value of the $x$-coordinate for a particle decrease by 2 units when we perform a translation of the reference frame putting the new origin at $x=2$. The essence of the quantum reference frame transformations is to have the quantum fluctuations, and even entanglement, of the physical object which serves as the (new) reference frame, taken into account. We illustrate how the recently introduced notion of the noncommutative values of quantum observables gives such a definite description successfully. Formulations, and an analysis of a case example in qubit systems, of analog transformations for observables with a discrete or finite spectrum is also presented. Issues about the evolving picture of the symmetry system of all quantum reference frame transformations discussed., Comment: 34 latex pages, no figure
Published: 2021

31. Safety and Tolerability of the Chymase Inhibitor Fulacimstat in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Myocardial Infarction-Results of the CHIARA MIA 1 Trial

Author: Düngen, H, Kober, L, Nodari, S, Schou, M, Otto, C, Becka, M, Kanefendt, F, Winkelmann, B, Gislason, G, Richard, F, Nielsen, O, Gheorghiade, M, Senni, M, Düngen HD, Kober L, Nodari S, Schou M, Otto C, Becka M, Kanefendt F, Winkelmann BR, Gislason G, Richard F, Nielsen OW, Gheorghiade M, Senni M, Düngen, H, Kober, L, Nodari, S, Schou, M, Otto, C, Becka, M, Kanefendt, F, Winkelmann, B, Gislason, G, Richard, F, Nielsen, O, Gheorghiade, M, Senni, M, Düngen HD, Kober L, Nodari S, Schou M, Otto C, Becka M, Kanefendt F, Winkelmann BR, Gislason G, Richard F, Nielsen OW, Gheorghiade M, and Senni M
Abstract: The chymase inhibitor fulacimstat is developed as a first-in-class treatment option for the inhibition of adverse cardiac remodeling in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) after acute myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of the study was to examine the safety and tolerability of fulacimstat in patients with LVD after remote MI. A multicenter, multinational randomized, placebo-controlled study was performed in clinically stable patients (40–79 years of age, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45% because of MI in medical history) who were on stable evidence-based standard-of-care therapies for LVD post-MI including an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker at doses of at least half the recommended target dose. Patients were treated for 2 weeks with either placebo (n = 12) or 4 different doses of fulacimstat (5 mg twice daily, n = 9; 10 mg twice daily, n = 9; 25 mg twice daily, n = 10; 50 mg once daily, n = 9). Fulacimstat was safe and well tolerated at all examined doses. There were no clinically relevant effects on vital signs or potassium levels compared with placebo treatment. Mean plasma concentrations of fulacimstat increased with the administered dose and reached exposures predicted to be therapeutically active. The safety profile and the absence of effects on blood pressure or heart rate in a chronic patient population having similar comorbidities and receiving similar comedication as patients after acute MI support future clinical trials with fulacimstat in patients after acute MI.
Published: 2018

32. Group Theoretical Approach to Pseudo-Hermitian Quantum Mechanics with Lorentz Covariance and $c \rightarrow \infty $ Limit

Author: Bedić, Suzana, Kong, Otto C. W., Ting, Hock King, Bedić, Suzana, Kong, Otto C. W., and Ting, Hock King
Abstract: We present in the article the formulation of a version of Lorentz covariant quantum mechanics based on a group theoretical construction from a Heisenberg-Weyl symmetry with position and momentum operators transforming as Minkowski four-vectors under the Lorentz symmetry. The basic representation is identified as a coherent state representation, essentially an irreducible component of the regular representation, with the matching representation of an extension of the group $C^*$-algebra giving the algebra of observables. The key feature of the formulation is that it is not unitary but pseudo-unitary, exactly in the same sense as the Minkowski spacetime representation. The language of pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics is adopted for a clear illustration of the aspect, with a metric operator obtained as really the manifestation of the Minkowski metric on the space of the state vectors. Explicit wavefunction description is given without any restriction of the variable domains, yet with a finite integral inner product. The associated covariant harmonic oscillator Fock state basis has all the standard properties in exact analog to those of a harmonic oscillator with Euclidean position and momentum operators of any `dimension'. Galilean limit of the Lorentz symmetry and the classical limit are retrieved rigorously through appropriate symmetry contractions of the algebra and its representation, including the dynamics described through the symmetry of the phase space., Comment: 36 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2002.07083
Published: 2020
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33. Analysis on Complete Set of Fock States with Explicit Wavefunctions for the Covariant Harmonic Oscillator Problem

Author: Bedić, Suzana, Kong, Otto C. W., Bedić, Suzana, and Kong, Otto C. W.
Abstract: The earlier treatments of Lorentz covariant harmonic oscillator have brought to light various difficulties, such as reconciling Lorentz symmetry with the full Fock space, and divergence issues with their functional representations. We present here a full solution avoiding those problems. The complete set of Fock states is obtained, together with the corresponding explicit wavefunction and their inner product integrals free from any divergence problem and the Lorentz symmetry fully maintained without additional constraints imposed. By a simple choice of the pseudo-unitary representation of the underlying symmetry group, motivated from the perspective of the Minkowski spacetime as a representation for the Lorentz group, we obtain the natural non-unitary Fock space picture commonly considered though not formulated and presented in the careful details given here. From a direct derivation of the appropriate basis state wavefunctions of the finite-dimensional irreducible representations of the Lorentz symmetry, the relation between the latter and the Fock state wavefunctions is also explicitly shown. Moreover, the full picture including the states with non-positive norm may give consistent physics picture as a version of Lorentz covariant quantum mechanics. Probability interpretation for the usual von Neumann measurements is not a problem as all wavefunctions restricted to a definite value for the `time' variable are just like those of the usual time independent quantum mechanics. A further understanding from a perspective of the dynamics from the symplectic geometry of the phase space is shortly discussed., Comment: 23 pages; corrected coefficients in eq. (12), results unchanged
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Cancer-id: Toward identification of cancer by tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in blood

Author: Rikkert, L.G., Beekman, Pepijn, Caro, J., Coumans, F.A.W., Enciso-Martinez, A., Jenster, G., Gac, S., le, Lee, W., Leeuwen, T.G., van, Loozen, G.B., Nanou, A., Nieuwland, R., Offerhaus, H.L., Otto, C., Pegtel, D.M., Piontek, M.C., Pol, E., van der, Rond, L., de, Roos, W.H., Schasfoort, R.B.M., Wauben, M.H.M., Zuilhof, H., Terstappen, L.W.M.M., Rikkert, L.G., Beekman, Pepijn, Caro, J., Coumans, F.A.W., Enciso-Martinez, A., Jenster, G., Gac, S., le, Lee, W., Leeuwen, T.G., van, Loozen, G.B., Nanou, A., Nieuwland, R., Offerhaus, H.L., Otto, C., Pegtel, D.M., Piontek, M.C., Pol, E., van der, Rond, L., de, Roos, W.H., Schasfoort, R.B.M., Wauben, M.H.M., Zuilhof, H., and Terstappen, L.W.M.M.
Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential as biomarkers since their composition and concentration in biofluids are disease state dependent and their cargo can contain disease-related information. Large tumor-derived EVs (tdEVs, >1 μm) in blood from cancer patients are associated with poor outcome, and changes in their number can be used to monitor therapy effectiveness. Whereas, small tumor-derived EVs (<1 μm) are likely to outnumber their larger counterparts, thereby offering better statistical significance, identification and quantification of small tdEVs are more challenging. In the blood of cancer patients, a subpopulation of EVs originate from tumor cells, but these EVs are outnumbered by non-EV particles and EVs from other origin. In the Dutch NWO Perspectief Cancer-ID program, we developed and evaluated detection and characterization techniques to distinguish EVs from non-EV particles and other EVs. Despite low signal amplitudes, we identified characteristics of these small tdEVs that may enable the enumeration of small tdEVs and extract relevant information. The insights obtained from Cancer-ID can help to explore the full potential of tdEVs in the clinic.
Published: 2020

35. Cancer-ID: Toward Identification of Cancer by Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Blood

Author: Rikkert, L.G., Beekman, P., Caro, J., Coumans, F.A.W., Enciso-Martinez, A., Jenster, G.W. (Guido), Le Gac, S., Lee, W. (Weiling), Leeuwen, T.G. (Ton) van, Loozen, G.B., Nanou, A., Nieuwland, C.C.M. (Carolien) van, Offerhaus, H.L., Otto, C. (Christian), Pegtel, D.M., Piontek, M.C., Pol, E., Rond, L.G.H. (Lia) de, Roos, W.H., Schasfoort, R.B.M., Wauben, M.H.M. (Marca), Zuilhof, H. (Han), Terstappen, L, Rikkert, L.G., Beekman, P., Caro, J., Coumans, F.A.W., Enciso-Martinez, A., Jenster, G.W. (Guido), Le Gac, S., Lee, W. (Weiling), Leeuwen, T.G. (Ton) van, Loozen, G.B., Nanou, A., Nieuwland, C.C.M. (Carolien) van, Offerhaus, H.L., Otto, C. (Christian), Pegtel, D.M., Piontek, M.C., Pol, E., Rond, L.G.H. (Lia) de, Roos, W.H., Schasfoort, R.B.M., Wauben, M.H.M. (Marca), Zuilhof, H. (Han), and Terstappen, L
Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential as biomarkers since their composition and concentration in biofluids are disease state dependent and their cargo can contain disease-related information. Large tumor-derived EVs (tdEVs, >1µm) in blood from cancer patients are associated with poor outcome, and changes in their number can be used to monitor therapy effectiveness. Whereas, small tumor-derived EVs (<1µm) are likely to outnumber their larger counterparts, thereby offering better statistical significance, identification and quantification of small tdEVs are more challenging. In the blood of cancer patients, a subpopulation of EVs originate from tumor cells, but these EVs are outnumbered by non-EV particles and EVs from other origin. In the Dutch NWO Perspectief Cancer-ID program, we developed and evaluated detection and characterization techniques to distinguish EVs from non-EV particles and other EVs. Despite low signal amplitudes, we identified characteristics of these small tdEVs that may enable the enumeration of small tdEVs and extract relevant information. The insights obtained from Cancer-ID can help to explore the full potential of tdEVs in the clinic.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Covariant Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Spacetime

Author: Bedić, Suzana, Kong, Otto C. W., Ting, Hock King, Bedić, Suzana, Kong, Otto C. W., and Ting, Hock King
Abstract: We present in the article the formulation of a version of Lorentz covariant quantum mechanics based on a group theoretical construction from a Heisenberg-Weyl symmetry with position and momentum operators transforming as Minkowski four-vectors under the Lorentz symmetry. The basic representation is identified as a coherent state representation, essentially an irreducible component of the regular representation, with the matching representation of an extension of the group $C^*$-algebra giving the algebra of observables. The key feature of the formulation is that it is not unitary but pseudo-unitary, exactly in the same sense as the Minkowski spacetime representation. Explicit wavefunction description is given without any restriction of the variable domains, yet with a finite integral inner product. The associated covariant harmonic oscillator Fock state basis has all the standard properties in exact analog to those of a harmonic oscillator with Euclidean position and momentum operators of any `dimension'. Galilean limit of the Lorentz symmetry and the classical limit of the Lorentz covariant framework are retrieved rigorously through appropriate symmetry contractions of the algebra and its representation, including the dynamics described through the symmetry of the phase space, given both in terms of real/complex number coordinates and noncommutative operator coordinates. The latter gives an explicit picture of the (projective) Hilbert space as a quantum/noncommutative spacetime., Comment: 35 pages
Published: 2020

37. Analysis on Complete Set of Fock States with Explicit Wavefunctions for the Covariant Harmonic Oscillator Problem

Author: Bedić, Suzana, Kong, Otto C. W., Bedić, Suzana, and Kong, Otto C. W.
Abstract: The earlier treatments of Lorentz covariant harmonic oscillator have brought to light various difficulties, such as reconciling Lorentz symmetry with the full Fock space, and divergence issues with their functional representations. We present here a full solution avoiding those problems. The complete set of Fock states is obtained, together with the corresponding explicit wavefunction and their inner product integrals free from any divergence problem and the Lorentz symmetry fully maintained without additional constraints imposed. By a simple choice of the pseudo-unitary representation of the underlying symmetry group, motivated from the perspective of the Minkowski spacetime as a representation for the Lorentz group, we obtain the natural non-unitary Fock space picture commonly considered though not formulated and presented in the careful details given here. From a direct derivation of the appropriate basis state wavefunctions of the finite-dimensional irreducible representations of the Lorentz symmetry, the relation between the latter and the Fock state wavefunctions is also explicitly shown. Moreover, the full picture including the states with non-positive norm may give consistent physics picture as a version of Lorentz covariant quantum mechanics. Probability interpretation for the usual von Neumann measurements is not a problem as all wavefunctions restricted to a definite value for the `time' variable are just like those of the usual time independent quantum mechanics. A further understanding from a perspective of the dynamics from the symplectic geometry of the phase space is shortly discussed., Comment: 23 pages; corrected coefficients in eq. (12), results unchanged
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Cancer-ID: towards identification of cancer by tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in blood

Author: Celbiologie, dB&C I&I, Rikkert, L G, Beekman, P, Caro, J, Coumans, F A W, Enciso Martinez, A, Jenster, G, Le Gac, S, Lee, W, Van Leeuwen, Ton G, Loozen, G B, Nanou, A, Nieuwland, R, Offerhaus, H L, Otto, C, Pegtel, D M, Piontek, M C, Van Der Pol, E, De Rond, L, Roos, W H, Schasfoort, R B M, Wauben, Marca, Zuilhof, H, Terstappen, Leon WMM, Celbiologie, dB&C I&I, Rikkert, L G, Beekman, P, Caro, J, Coumans, F A W, Enciso Martinez, A, Jenster, G, Le Gac, S, Lee, W, Van Leeuwen, Ton G, Loozen, G B, Nanou, A, Nieuwland, R, Offerhaus, H L, Otto, C, Pegtel, D M, Piontek, M C, Van Der Pol, E, De Rond, L, Roos, W H, Schasfoort, R B M, Wauben, Marca, Zuilhof, H, and Terstappen, Leon WMM
Published: 2020

39. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019

Author: Roth, GA, Mensah, GA, Johnson, CO, Addolorato, G, Ammirati, E, Baddour, LM, Barengo, NC, Beaton, AZ, Benjamin, EJ, Benziger, CP, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brodmann, M, Cahill, TJ, Carapetis, J, Catapano, AL, Chugh, SS, Cooper, LT, Coresh, J, Criqui, M, DeCleene, N, Eagle, KA, Emmons-Bell, S, Feigin, VL, Fernández-Solà, J, Fowkes, G, Gakidou, E, Grundy, SM, He, FJ, Howard, G, Hu, F, Inker, L, Karthikeyan, G, Kassebaum, N, Koroshetz, W, Lavie, C, Lloyd-Jones, D, Lu, HS, Mirijello, A, Temesgen, AM, Mokdad, A, Moran, AE, Muntner, P, Narula, J, Neal, B, Ntsekhe, M, Moraes de Oliveira, G, Otto, C, Owolabi, M, Pratt, M, Rajagopalan, S, Reitsma, M, Ribeiro, ALP, Rigotti, N, Rodgers, A, Sable, C, Shakil, S, Sliwa-Hahnle, K, Stark, B, Sundström, J, Timpel, P, Tleyjeh, IM, Valgimigli, M, Vos, T, Whelton, PK, Yacoub, M, Zuhlke, L, Murray, C, Fuster, V, Beaton, A, Carapetis, JR, Chugh, S, Criqui, MH, DeCleene, NK, Fernández-Sola, J, Fowkes, FGR, Kassebaum, NJ, Koroshetz, WJ, Misganaw, AT, Mokdad, AH, Oliveira, GMM, Otto, CM, Owolabi, MO, Reitsma, MB, Rigotti, NA, Sable, CA, Shakil, SS, Sliwa, K, Stark, BA, Tleyjeh, II, Zuhlke, LJ, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdi, A, Abedi, A, Aboyans, V, Abrha, WA, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Acharya, D, Adair, T, Adebayo, OM, Ademi, Z, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, MB, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akande-Sholabi, W, Aklilu, A, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Al-Eyadhy, A, Alhabib, KF, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Amegah, AK, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amu, H, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, T, Andrei, CL, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, ZA, Antonazzo, IC, Antony, B, Anwer, R, Appiah, LT, Arabloo, J, Ärnlöv, J, Artanti, KD, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awan, AT, Awoke, MA, Ayele, HT, Ayza, MA, Azari, S, B, DB, Baheiraei, N, Baig, AA, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Baptista, EA, Barboza, MA, Barua, L, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Béjot, Y, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berman, AE, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Boloor, A, Brant, LC, Brenner, H, Briko, NI, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Cahill, LE, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cantu-Brito, C, Car, J, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chen, S, Chin, KL, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cirillo, M, Coffey, S, Conti, S, Costa, VM, Cundiff, DK, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davletov, K, De la Cruz-Góngora, V, De la Hoz, FP, De Neve, J-W, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Derbew Molla, M, Derseh, BT, Desai, R, Deuschl, G, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, RR, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dokova, K, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Ebtehaj, S, Eftekhari, A, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, IY, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, SI, Esteghamati, S, Etisso, AE, Eyawo, O, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Faris, PS, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Fernandez Prendes, C, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, S, Ganji, M, Garg, J, Gebre, AK, Gebregiorgis, BG, Gebregzabiher, KZ, Gebremeskel, GG, Getacher, L, Obsa, AG, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, SA, Gill, PS, Gillum, RF, Glushkova, EV, Gnedovskaya, EV, Golechha, M, Gonfa, KB, Goudarzian, AH, Goulart, AC, Guadamuz, JS, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, TG, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hartono, RK, Hashemian, M, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, SI, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Iavicoli, I, Ibeneme, CU, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islam, RM, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Jain, V, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Jonnagaddala, J, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jürisson, M, Kabir, A, Kahlon, T, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamel, I, Kandel, H, Kandel, A, Karch, A, Kasa, AS, Katoto, PDMC, Kayode, GA, Khader, YS, Khammarnia, M, Khan, MS, Khan, MN, Khan, M, Khan, EA, Khatab, K, Kibria, GMA, Kim, YJ, Kim, GR, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kivimäki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Korshunov, VA, Koulmane Laxminarayana, SL, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Kwan, GF, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lallukka, T, Lan, Q, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Lauriola, P, Lawrence, WR, Laxmaiah, A, LeGrand, KE, Li, M-C, Li, B, Li, S, Lim, SS, Lim, L-L, Lin, H, Lin, Z, Lin, R-T, Liu, X, Lopez, AD, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lugo, A, M, NK, Madotto, F, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Mamun, AA, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Mazzaglia, G, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, MM, Meier, T, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, DK, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, MA, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Montasir, AA, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno Velásquez, I, Morze, J, Mubarik, S, Muruet, W, Musa, KI, Nagarajan, AJ, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Narasimha Swamy, S, Nascimento, BR, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Nazarzadeh, M, Negoi, RI, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, HLT, Nixon, MR, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nouthe, BE, Nowak, C, Odukoya, OO, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Orru, H, Ortiz, A, Ostroff, SM, Padubidri, JR, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Parvizi, M, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, UK, Pathak, M, Paudel, R, Pepito, VCF, Perianayagam, A, Perico, N, Pham, HQ, Pilgrim, T, Piradov, MA, Pishgar, F, Podder, V, Polibin, RV, Pourshams, A, Pribadi, DRA, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Ur Rahman, MH, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Rakovac, I, Ram, P, Ramalingam, S, Rana, J, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Rawasia, WF, Rawassizadeh, R, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Roberts-Thomson, RL, Roever, L, Rohloff, P, Romoli, M, Roshandel, G, Rwegerera, GM, Saadatagah, S, Saber-Ayad, MM, Sabour, S, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Safari, S, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shahid, I, Shaikh, MA, Shamali, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shawon, MSR, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, M-J, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, TJ, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Mtech, AS, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soheili, A, Spurlock, EE, Stockfelt, L, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Tadbiri, H, Tadesse, EG, Tadesse, DB, Tajdini, M, Tariqujjaman, M, Teklehaimanot, BF, Temsah, M-H, Tesema, AK, Thakur, B, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thrift, AG, Timalsina, B, Tonelli, M, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tripathi, A, Tripathy, JP, Truelsen, TC, Tsegay, GM, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimparis, N, Tusa, BS, Tyrovolas, S, Umapathi, KK, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Usman, MS, Vaduganathan, M, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Velazquez, DZ, Venketasubramanian, N, Vu, GT, Vujcic, IS, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wang, F, Wei, J, Weintraub, RG, Weldemariam, AH, Westerman, R, Winkler, AS, Wiysonge, CS, Wolfe, CDA, Wubishet, BL, Xu, G, Yadollahpour, A, Yamagishi, K, Yan, LL, Yandrapalli, S, Yano, Y, Yatsuya, H, Yeheyis, TY, Yeshaw, Y, Yilgwan, CS, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Zachariah, G, Zaman, SB, Zaman, MS, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zarghi, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Zhong, C, Zou, Z, Zuniga, YMH, 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AT, Mokdad, AH, Oliveira, GMM, Otto, CM, Owolabi, MO, Reitsma, MB, Rigotti, NA, Sable, CA, Shakil, SS, Sliwa, K, Stark, BA, Tleyjeh, II, Zuhlke, LJ, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdi, A, Abedi, A, Aboyans, V, Abrha, WA, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Acharya, D, Adair, T, Adebayo, OM, Ademi, Z, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, MB, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akande-Sholabi, W, Aklilu, A, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Al-Eyadhy, A, Alhabib, KF, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Amegah, AK, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amu, H, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, T, Andrei, CL, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, ZA, Antonazzo, IC, Antony, B, Anwer, R, Appiah, LT, Arabloo, J, Ärnlöv, J, Artanti, KD, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awan, AT, Awoke, MA, Ayele, HT, Ayza, MA, Azari, S, B, DB, Baheiraei, N, Baig, AA, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Baptista, EA, Barboza, MA, Barua, L, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Béjot, Y, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berman, AE, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Boloor, A, Brant, LC, Brenner, H, Briko, NI, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Cahill, LE, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cantu-Brito, C, Car, J, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chen, S, Chin, KL, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cirillo, M, Coffey, S, Conti, S, Costa, VM, Cundiff, DK, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davletov, K, De la Cruz-Góngora, V, De la Hoz, FP, De Neve, J-W, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Derbew Molla, M, Derseh, BT, Desai, R, Deuschl, G, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, RR, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dokova, K, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Ebtehaj, S, Eftekhari, A, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, IY, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, SI, Esteghamati, S, Etisso, AE, Eyawo, O, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Faris, PS, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Fernandez Prendes, C, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, S, Ganji, M, Garg, J, Gebre, AK, Gebregiorgis, BG, Gebregzabiher, KZ, Gebremeskel, GG, Getacher, L, Obsa, AG, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, SA, Gill, PS, Gillum, RF, Glushkova, EV, Gnedovskaya, EV, Golechha, M, Gonfa, KB, Goudarzian, AH, Goulart, AC, Guadamuz, JS, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, TG, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hartono, RK, Hashemian, M, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, SI, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Iavicoli, I, Ibeneme, CU, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islam, RM, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Jain, V, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Jonnagaddala, J, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jürisson, M, Kabir, A, Kahlon, T, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamel, I, Kandel, H, Kandel, A, Karch, A, Kasa, AS, Katoto, PDMC, Kayode, GA, Khader, YS, Khammarnia, M, Khan, MS, Khan, MN, Khan, M, Khan, EA, Khatab, K, Kibria, GMA, Kim, YJ, Kim, GR, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kivimäki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Korshunov, VA, Koulmane Laxminarayana, SL, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Kwan, GF, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lallukka, T, Lan, Q, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Lauriola, P, Lawrence, WR, Laxmaiah, A, LeGrand, KE, Li, M-C, Li, B, Li, S, Lim, SS, Lim, L-L, Lin, H, Lin, Z, Lin, R-T, Liu, X, Lopez, AD, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lugo, A, M, NK, Madotto, F, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Mamun, AA, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Mazzaglia, G, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, MM, Meier, T, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, DK, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, MA, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Montasir, AA, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno Velásquez, I, Morze, J, Mubarik, S, Muruet, W, Musa, KI, Nagarajan, AJ, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Narasimha Swamy, S, Nascimento, BR, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Nazarzadeh, M, Negoi, RI, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, HLT, Nixon, MR, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nouthe, BE, Nowak, C, Odukoya, OO, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Orru, H, Ortiz, A, Ostroff, SM, Padubidri, JR, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Parvizi, M, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, UK, Pathak, M, Paudel, R, Pepito, VCF, Perianayagam, A, Perico, N, Pham, HQ, Pilgrim, T, Piradov, MA, Pishgar, F, Podder, V, Polibin, RV, Pourshams, A, Pribadi, DRA, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Ur Rahman, MH, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Rakovac, I, Ram, P, Ramalingam, S, Rana, J, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Rawasia, WF, Rawassizadeh, R, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Roberts-Thomson, RL, Roever, L, Rohloff, P, Romoli, M, Roshandel, G, Rwegerera, GM, Saadatagah, S, Saber-Ayad, MM, Sabour, S, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Safari, S, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shahid, I, Shaikh, MA, Shamali, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shawon, MSR, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, M-J, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, TJ, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Mtech, AS, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soheili, A, Spurlock, EE, Stockfelt, L, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Tadbiri, H, Tadesse, EG, Tadesse, DB, Tajdini, M, Tariqujjaman, M, Teklehaimanot, BF, Temsah, M-H, Tesema, AK, Thakur, B, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thrift, AG, Timalsina, B, Tonelli, M, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tripathi, A, Tripathy, JP, Truelsen, TC, Tsegay, GM, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimparis, N, Tusa, BS, Tyrovolas, S, Umapathi, KK, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Usman, MS, Vaduganathan, M, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Velazquez, DZ, Venketasubramanian, N, Vu, GT, Vujcic, IS, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wang, F, Wei, J, Weintraub, RG, Weldemariam, AH, Westerman, R, Winkler, AS, Wiysonge, CS, Wolfe, CDA, Wubishet, BL, Xu, G, Yadollahpour, A, Yamagishi, K, Yan, LL, Yandrapalli, S, Yano, Y, Yatsuya, H, Yeheyis, TY, Yeshaw, Y, Yilgwan, CS, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Zachariah, G, Zaman, SB, Zaman, MS, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zarghi, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Zhong, C, Zou, Z, Zuniga, YMH, and Murray, CJL
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019.Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside hi
Published: 2020

40. Group Theoretical Approach to Pseudo-Hermitian Quantum Mechanics with Lorentz Covariance and $c \rightarrow \infty $ Limit

Author: Bedić, Suzana, Kong, Otto C. W., Ting, Hock King, Bedić, Suzana, Kong, Otto C. W., and Ting, Hock King
Abstract: We present in the article the formulation of a version of Lorentz covariant quantum mechanics based on a group theoretical construction from a Heisenberg-Weyl symmetry with position and momentum operators transforming as Minkowski four-vectors under the Lorentz symmetry. The basic representation is identified as a coherent state representation, essentially an irreducible component of the regular representation, with the matching representation of an extension of the group $C^*$-algebra giving the algebra of observables. The key feature of the formulation is that it is not unitary but pseudo-unitary, exactly in the same sense as the Minkowski spacetime representation. The language of pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics is adopted for a clear illustration of the aspect, with a metric operator obtained as really the manifestation of the Minkowski metric on the space of the state vectors. Explicit wavefunction description is given without any restriction of the variable domains, yet with a finite integral inner product. The associated covariant harmonic oscillator Fock state basis has all the standard properties in exact analog to those of a harmonic oscillator with Euclidean position and momentum operators of any `dimension'. Galilean limit of the Lorentz symmetry and the classical limit are retrieved rigorously through appropriate symmetry contractions of the algebra and its representation, including the dynamics described through the symmetry of the phase space., Comment: 36 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2002.07083
Published: 2020
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41. Cancer-ID: towards identification of cancer by tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in blood

Author: Celbiologie, dB&C I&I, Rikkert, L G, Beekman, P, Caro, J, Coumans, F A W, Enciso Martinez, A, Jenster, G, Le Gac, S, Lee, W, Van Leeuwen, Ton G, Loozen, G B, Nanou, A, Nieuwland, R, Offerhaus, H L, Otto, C, Pegtel, D M, Piontek, M C, Van Der Pol, E, De Rond, L, Roos, W H, Schasfoort, R B M, Wauben, Marca, Zuilhof, H, Terstappen, Leon WMM, Celbiologie, dB&C I&I, Rikkert, L G, Beekman, P, Caro, J, Coumans, F A W, Enciso Martinez, A, Jenster, G, Le Gac, S, Lee, W, Van Leeuwen, Ton G, Loozen, G B, Nanou, A, Nieuwland, R, Offerhaus, H L, Otto, C, Pegtel, D M, Piontek, M C, Van Der Pol, E, De Rond, L, Roos, W H, Schasfoort, R B M, Wauben, Marca, Zuilhof, H, and Terstappen, Leon WMM
Published: 2020

42. Collating data from major European population studies - The CADSET (Chronic airway disease early stratification) clinical research collaboration

Author: Allinson, James, Afzal, Shoaib, Colak, Yunus, Backman, Helena, Van den Berghe, Maarten, Boezen, Marike, Breyer, Marie, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Burghuber, Otto C., Faner, Rosa, Hartl, Sylvia, Jarvis, Deborah, Lahouse, Lies, Langhammer, Arnulf, Lundback, Bo, Nwaru, Bright, Rönmark, Eva, Vikjord, Sigrid, Vonk, Judith, Vijnant, Sara, Szabo, Viktoria, Agusti, Alvar, Donaldson, Gavin, Wedzicha, Jadwiga, Vestbo, Jorgen, Vanfleteren, Lowie, Allinson, James, Afzal, Shoaib, Colak, Yunus, Backman, Helena, Van den Berghe, Maarten, Boezen, Marike, Breyer, Marie, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Burghuber, Otto C., Faner, Rosa, Hartl, Sylvia, Jarvis, Deborah, Lahouse, Lies, Langhammer, Arnulf, Lundback, Bo, Nwaru, Bright, Rönmark, Eva, Vikjord, Sigrid, Vonk, Judith, Vijnant, Sara, Szabo, Viktoria, Agusti, Alvar, Donaldson, Gavin, Wedzicha, Jadwiga, Vestbo, Jorgen, and Vanfleteren, Lowie
Abstract: Background: European population cohorts continue to expand our understanding of chronic airways disease and inter-study collaboration may help address the inevitable limitations of study size, duration, era and geography. Towards this aim, CADSET has collated data from ten major general population European cohorts: Asklepios; Copenhagen City Heart Study; Copenhagen General Population Study; ECRHS; HUNT; LEAD; Lifelines, OLIN, Rotterdam Study and WSAS. We included males and females aged 20 to 95 years with baseline demographic and spirometry data. Results: Data from 262,829 individuals (44% male) from multiple European countries provided good coverage across all adult ages (Fig.1A). Recruitment occurred in every year from 1976 through 2020. 23% were current-smokers and 42% were never-smokers, a pattern varying with advancing age (Fig.1B). The prevalence of airflow limitation varied according to whether lower limit of normal (LLN) or <0.70 thresholds were applied, increasing with age if the latter was used (Fig.1C). Interpretation: These results fit with previous reports, however the size, geographical reach and span of recruitment provided by this collaboration provides a unique opportunity to explore chronic airways disease development. Together, we are now pursuing research questions previously beyond the scope of individual cohort studies.
Published: 2020
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43. Cancer-ID: towards identification of cancer by tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in blood

Author: Celbiologie, dB&C I&I, Rikkert, L G, Beekman, P, Caro, J, Coumans, F A W, Enciso Martinez, A, Jenster, G, Le Gac, S, Lee, W, Van Leeuwen, Ton G, Loozen, G B, Nanou, A, Nieuwland, R, Offerhaus, H L, Otto, C, Pegtel, D M, Piontek, M C, Van Der Pol, E, De Rond, L, Roos, W H, Schasfoort, R B M, Wauben, Marca, Zuilhof, H, Terstappen, Leon WMM, Celbiologie, dB&C I&I, Rikkert, L G, Beekman, P, Caro, J, Coumans, F A W, Enciso Martinez, A, Jenster, G, Le Gac, S, Lee, W, Van Leeuwen, Ton G, Loozen, G B, Nanou, A, Nieuwland, R, Offerhaus, H L, Otto, C, Pegtel, D M, Piontek, M C, Van Der Pol, E, De Rond, L, Roos, W H, Schasfoort, R B M, Wauben, Marca, Zuilhof, H, and Terstappen, Leon WMM
Published: 2020

44. Collating data from major European population studies - The CADSET (Chronic airway disease early stratification) clinical research collaboration

Author: Allinson, James, Afzal, Shoaib, Colak, Yunus, Backman, Helena, Van den Berghe, Maarten, Boezen, Marike, Breyer, Marie, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Burghuber, Otto C., Faner, Rosa, Hartl, Sylvia, Jarvis, Deborah, Lahouse, Lies, Langhammer, Arnulf, Lundback, Bo, Nwaru, Bright, Ronmark, Eva, Vikjord, Sigrid, Vonk, Judith, Vijnant, Sara, Szabo, Viktoria, Agusti, Alvar, Donaldson, Gavin, Wedzicha, Jadwiga, Vestbo, Jørgen, Vanfleteren, Lowie, Allinson, James, Afzal, Shoaib, Colak, Yunus, Backman, Helena, Van den Berghe, Maarten, Boezen, Marike, Breyer, Marie, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Burghuber, Otto C., Faner, Rosa, Hartl, Sylvia, Jarvis, Deborah, Lahouse, Lies, Langhammer, Arnulf, Lundback, Bo, Nwaru, Bright, Ronmark, Eva, Vikjord, Sigrid, Vonk, Judith, Vijnant, Sara, Szabo, Viktoria, Agusti, Alvar, Donaldson, Gavin, Wedzicha, Jadwiga, Vestbo, Jørgen, and Vanfleteren, Lowie
Published: 2020

45. Cancer-ID: Toward Identification of Cancer by Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Blood

Author: Rikkert, LG, Beekman, P, Caro, J, Coumans, FAW, Enciso-Martinez, A, Jenster, Guido, Le Gac, S, Lee, W, van Leeuwen, TG, Loozen, GB, Nanou, A, Nieuwland, R, Offerhaus, HL, Otto, C, Pegtel, DM, Piontek, MC, Pol, E, de Rond, L, Roos, WH, Schasfoort, RBM, Wauben, MHM, Zuilhof, H, Terstappen, L, Rikkert, LG, Beekman, P, Caro, J, Coumans, FAW, Enciso-Martinez, A, Jenster, Guido, Le Gac, S, Lee, W, van Leeuwen, TG, Loozen, GB, Nanou, A, Nieuwland, R, Offerhaus, HL, Otto, C, Pegtel, DM, Piontek, MC, Pol, E, de Rond, L, Roos, WH, Schasfoort, RBM, Wauben, MHM, Zuilhof, H, and Terstappen, L
Published: 2020

46. Quality of Life and Limitations in Daily Life of Stable COPD Outpatients in a Real-World Setting in Austria – Results from the CLARA Project

Author: Horner,Andreas, Burghuber,Otto C, Hartl,Sylvia, Studnicka,Michael, Merkle,Monika, Olschewski,Horst, Kaiser,Bernhard, Wallner,Eva Maria, Lamprecht,Bernd, Horner,Andreas, Burghuber,Otto C, Hartl,Sylvia, Studnicka,Michael, Merkle,Monika, Olschewski,Horst, Kaiser,Bernhard, Wallner,Eva Maria, and Lamprecht,Bernd
Abstract: Andreas Horner,1– 3 Otto C Burghuber,4 Sylvia Hartl,5 Michael Studnicka,6 Monika Merkle,7 Horst Olschewski,8 Bernhard Kaiser,1 Eva Maria Wallner,9 Bernd Lamprecht1,2 1Department of Pulmonology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria; 2Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria; 3Institute of General, Family and Preventive Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; 4First Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, Otto Wagner Hospital and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna, Austria; 5Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Otto Wagner Hospital and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna, Austria; 6Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; 7Specialist Office for Pulmonology Dr. Merkle, Vienna, Austria; 8Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; 9A. Menarini Pharma GmbH, Vienna, AustriaCorrespondence: Andreas HornerKepler University Hospital, Department of Pulmonology, Krankenhausstrasse 9, Linz A4021, AustriaTel +43 (0) 5 7680 83 – 6911Fax +43 (0) 5 7680 83 – 6915Email andreas.horner@kepleruniklinikum.atBackground: COPD patients suffer from respiratory symptoms and limitations in daily life. We aimed to characterize the impact of disease on overall health, daily life, and perceived well-being in COPD outpatients.Methods: We conducted a national, cross-sectional study among pulmonologists and general practitioners (GPs). The St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD patients (SGRQ-C) was used. Inclusion criteria were a physician’s diagnosis of COPD and age ≥ 40 years. Subjects with a history of lung surgery, lung cancer or COPD exacerbation within the last four weeks were excluded.Results
Published: 2020

47. Noncommutative Coordinate Picture of the Quantum Phase Space

Author: Kong, Otto C. W., Liu, Wei-Yin, Kong, Otto C. W., and Liu, Wei-Yin
Abstract: We illustrate an isomorphic representation of the observable algebra for quantum mechanics in terms of the functions on the projective Hilbert space, and its Hilbert space analog, with a noncommutative product in terms of explicit coordinates and discuss the physical and dynamical picture. The isomorphism is then used as a base for the translation of the differential symplectic geometry of the infinite dimensional manifolds onto the observable algebra as a noncommutative geometry. Hence, we obtain the latter from the physical theory itself. We have essentially an extended formalism of the Schrodinger versus Heisenberg picture which we describe mathematically as like a coordinate map from the phase space, for which we have presented argument to be seen as the quantum model of the physical space, to the noncommutative geometry coordinated by the six position and momentum operators. The observable algebra is taken essentially as an algebra of formal functions on the latter operators. The work formulates the intuitive idea that the noncommutative geometry can be seen as an alternative, noncommutative coordinate, picture of familiar quantum phase space, at least so long as the symplectic geometry is concerned., Comment: 36 pages of revtex, no figure; correct proofread version; the journal published version unfortunately has problems in miss-use of symbols/fonts created by the publisher I am still negotiating for remedies
Published: 2019

48. The Noncommutative Values of Quantum Observables

Author: Kong, Otto C. W., Liu, Wei-Yin, Kong, Otto C. W., and Liu, Wei-Yin
Abstract: We discuss the notion about physical quantities as having values represented by real numbers, and its limiting to describe nature to be understood in relation to our appreciation that the quantum theory is a better theory of natural phenomena than its classical analog. Getting from the algebra of physical observables to their values on a fixed state is, at least for classical physics, really a homomorphic map from the algebra into the real number algebra. The limitation of the latter to represent the values of quantum observables with noncommutating algebraic relation is obvious. We introduce and discuss the idea of the noncommutative values of quantum observables and its feasibility, arguing that at least in terms of the representation of such a value as an infinite set of complex number, the idea makes reasonable sense theoretically as well as practically., Comment: 16 pages in latex, no figure; proof-read version
Published: 2019
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49. CAIX-targeting radiotracers for hypoxia imaging in head and neck cancer models

Author: Huizing, Fokko J., Garousi, Javad, Lok, Jasper, Franssen, Gerben, Hoeben, Bianca A. W., Frejd, Fredrik Y., Boerman, Otto C., Bussink, Johan, Tolmachev, Vladimir, Heskamp, Sandra, Huizing, Fokko J., Garousi, Javad, Lok, Jasper, Franssen, Gerben, Hoeben, Bianca A. W., Frejd, Fredrik Y., Boerman, Otto C., Bussink, Johan, Tolmachev, Vladimir, and Heskamp, Sandra
Abstract: Hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) expression is a prognostic marker in solid tumors. In recent years many radiotracers have been developed, but a fair comparison of these compounds is not possible because of the diversity in tumor models and other experimental parameters. In this study we performed a direct in vivo comparison of three promising CAIX targeting radiotracers in xenografted head and neck cancer models. The biodistribution of [In-111]In-DOTA-ZCAIX:2 was directly compared with [In-111]In-DTPA-G250-F(ab')(2) and [In-111] In-DTPA-G250 in female BALB/C nu/nu mice bearing two HNSCC xenografts with different levels of CAIX expression. In vivo biodistribution was quantified by means of microSPECT/CT scans and ex vivo biodistribution was determined with the use of gamma-counter. Tumors were snap frozen and sections were stained for CAIX expression, vessels, hypoxia (pimonidazole) and tumor blood perfusion. Tracer uptake was significantly higher in SSCNij153 tumors compared to SCCNij185 tumors for [In-111]In-DOTA-HE3-ZCAIX:2: 0.32 +/- 0.03 versus 0.18 +/- 0.01%ID/g,(p = 0.003) 4 h p.i., for [In-111]In-DTPA-girentuximab-F(ab')(2): 3.0 +/- 0.5%ID/g and 1.2 +/- 0.1%ID/g (p = 0.03), 24 h p.i. and for [In-111]In-DTPA-girentuximab: 30 +/- 2.1%ID/g and 7.0 +/- 1.0%ID/g (p = 0.0002) 72 h p.i. SPECT imaging with both [In-111]In-DTPA-girentuximab-F(ab') 2 and [111In]In-DTPA-girentuximab showed a clear difference in tracer distribution between the two tumor models. The whole IgG, i.e. [In-111]In-DTPA-girentuximab, showed the highest tumor-to-muscle ratio. We showed that different CAIX-targeting radiotracers can discriminate a low CAIX-expressing tumor from a high CAIX-expressing head and neck cancer xenografts model. In these hypoxic head and neck xenograft models [In-111]In-DTPA-girentuximab showed the most promising results.
Published: 2019
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50. Resistance Operating Concept

Author: Fiala, Otto C. and Fiala, Otto C.
Published: 2019

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