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[EN] We present the archaeological data on La Serreta, an open-air prehistoric settlement in the Catalan precoastal plain of Penedès (Barcelona). The site is comprised of structures such as silos, tombs, ditches, and possible huts. In two successive campaigns, 89 negative structures were documented, which belong to chronologies ranging from the Early Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Data on the structures, material culture, and available radiocarbon dating are presented. At the same time, the data is contextualized within the framework of the pre-coastal plains of the northeastern Iberian Peninsula., [ES] En este trabajo se presentan los datos sobre La Serreta, un asentamiento prehistórico al aire libre en el llano prelitoral catalán del Penedès (Barcelona). El yacimiento está formado por estructuras como silos, tumbas, fosos y posibles cabañas. En dos campañas sucesivas se documentaron 89 estructuras negativas, que pertenecen a cronologías entre el Neolítico antiguo y la edad del Bronce. Se presentan los datos sobre las estructuras, la cultura material y sobre las dataciones radiocarbónicas disponibles. Al mismo tiempo se contextualizan los datos en el marco de los llanos prelitorales del noreste peninsular.

NeoNet Atlantic dataset complements the NeoNet Mediterranean dataset by providing new curated radiocarbon dates for the study of the pioneer farming front (i.e. Neolithisation, ca. 7500 to 3500 cal BC) in the Southern European Atlantic Coast river basin (Portugal, Western Spain, Southwestern France). The complete dataset is formed by the id00164_doc_elencoc14.tsv file, a data frame with tab-separated values, and a related dataframe: id00164_doc_thesaurus.tsv. The dataset contains 1,143 radiocarbon dates from 254 archaeological sites and 817 different archaeological contexts (stratigraphic units, structures, negative features, hearths, etc.) informed by 233 bibliographical references. As for the NeoNet Mediterranean dataset, particular attention has been paid to homogenisation of the laboratory code, the archaeological context, and the references, in order to facilitate further data extractions. Indeed, the dataset is linked to an open source R Shiny interactive web app (NeoNet app), a series of functions hosted on GitHub, and a getter function (R package c14bazAAr, R function get_c14data("neonetatl").

[EN] This paper aims to determine the chronology of one of the most significant Neolithic contexts in the Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula: the Can Tintorer mining complex (Gavà, Barcelona). Based on the statistical analysis and Bayesian modelling of a total of 23 radiocarbon dates, 5 of which have not been published until now, the work addresses the temporal relationships and the degree of contemporaneity between the different areas of mining exploitation and their use as a funerary space. Finally, the temporality of the mining complex in the framework of the Neolithic of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is also tested, based on several comparative statistical analyses with the available radiocarbon dates from settlement and funerary contexts from this period in the region., [ES] Este artículo tiene por objetivo determinar la cronología de uno de los contextos más significativos del Neolítico en el Noreste de la península Ibérica: el complejo minero de Can Tintorer (Gavà, Barcelona). A partir del análisis estadístico y el modelado bayesiano de un total de 23 dataciones radiocarbónicas, 5 de las cuales se publican de forma inédita, el trabajo aborda las relaciones temporales y el grado de contemporaneidad entre las diferentes áreas de explotación minera y su uso como espacio funerario. Finalmente, también se evalúa la temporalidad del complejo minero en el marco del Neolítico del noreste peninsular, a partir de varios análisis estadísticos comparativos con las fechas disponibles en contextos funerarios y de asentamiento de este periodo en la región. [EUS] Artikulu honen helburua da Iberiar penintsulako ipar-ekialdeko Neolitoko testuinguru esanguratsuenetako bateko kronologia zehaztea: Can Tintorer-eko (Gavà, Bartzelona) meatzaritza gunea. 23 datazio erradiokarbonikoren (haietako 5 lehen aldiz argitaratu dira) azterketa estatistikoa eta modelaketa bayestarra egin ondoren, lanak meatzaritzako ustiategiko eremu ugarien arteko garaikidetasun maila eta denbora mailako loturak eta ehorzketarako gune gisa izandako erabilera jorratzen ditu. Amaitzeko, penintsulako ipar-ekialdeko Neolitikoko meatzaritza gunearen denborazkotasuna ere ebaluatu da eskualdean aldi hartan izandako ehorzketako eta kokalekuko testuinguruen eta eskuragarri dauden daten arabera egindako hainbat azterketa estatistiko konparagarri oinarritzat hartuta

Large, conglomerate caves in north-eastern Iberia have been significant places since the Neolithic through to historical times; however, their significance during the Palaeolithic has barely been explored. This project is the first systematic study of the use of these iconic geological landmarks among Pleistocene hunter-gatherers.

This work presents the results of a study of the Early Neolithic pottery remains from El Mirador cave. The pottery selection is relatively large considering the 6 m2 test pit from which it came. The morpho-typological approach with which these pottery sherds were analyzed has established that medium-sized vessels predominate in the assemblage, while large vessels are scarce. The decorations in this collection are typical of the Early Neolithic on the inner Iberian Peninsula, and include abundant impressions, incisions, incised-printed combinations and the occasional presence of the boquique technique. We also analyzed the taphonomic features of these remains. These analyses, combined with the fragmentation of the record, the location, the effect of post-combustion phenomena of the fumier and the refit, indicate the occurrence of opportunistic piling up phenomena and point to the low mobility of these remains

The development of the economic activities inherent to the establishment of Neolithic farming activities entails an increasing technical specialization. This is often visible through the exploitation of specific resources, the development of suitable techniques for the manufacture of consumption goods as well as new ways of using and consuming them. We briefly present the main features of the technical productions carried out by the first Neolithic populations in the northeast of Iberia, trying to characterize the technical knowledge spent on all of them and making their signs of specialization clear., [FR] Le développement des activités économiques inhérent à l’implantation des activités agricoles et d’élevage du Néolithique entraîne une spécialisation technique croissante. Cela se traduit souvent par l’exploitation de ressources spécifiques, le développement de techniques appropriées pour la fabrication de biens de consommation, et de nouvelles façons de les utiliser et de les consommer. Nous présentons brièvement les principales caractéristiques des productions techniques réalisées par les premières populations néolithiques du nord-est de la péninsule ibérique, en essayant de caractériser les connaissances techniques dépensées dans chacune d’elles et en mettant en évidence leurs indications de spécialisation.

Large, conglomerate caves in north-eastern Iberia have been significant places since the Neolithic through to historical times; however, their significance during the Palaeolithic has barely been explored. This project is the first systematic study of the use of these iconic geological landmarks among Pleistocene hunter-gatherers.

Neolithisation was a relatively fast process that affected both the interior and coastal zones of the Iberian Peninsula, but it was also a heterogeneous process that had diverse impacts on genomic and cultural diversity. In the Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic, a change in funerary practices, cultural material and trade networks occurred, and genomic heterogeneity decreased, suggesting human mobility and genetic admixture between different Iberian populations. Dental morphology has emerged as an effective tool for understanding genomic variability and biological affinities among ancient human populations. But, surprisingly, less attention has been paid to the morphological traits of inner dental tissues in Holocene European populations and their utility for the study of population dynamics. We applied 3D geometric morphometric methods on the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of the first upper molars to explore the biological affinities of north-eastern Iberian Peninsula populations from the Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age. Our results show that the EDJ morphologies of the northern Iberian Peninsula populations were generally homogeneous, indicative of genetic admixture as a result of human mobility and exchange networks. However, differences in the EDJ traits in remains from the Can Sadurni site are indicative of distant biological affinities with nearby populations. Additionally, the hypocone associated dentine area and the position of the trigon dentine horns relative to each other on the occlusal surface best describe the variability found among the samples studied. This study highlights the utility of EDJ morphology as a genetic proxy in Holocene population dynamic studies when paleogenomic studies are absent.

Large, conglomerate caves in north-eastern Iberia have been significant places since the Neolithic through to historical times; however, their significance during the Palaeolithic has barely been explored. This project is the first systematic study of the use of these iconic geological landmarks among Pleistocene hunter-gatherers.

[ES]Les Guixeres de Vilobí (Sant Martí Sarroca, Penedès, Barcelona) es un yacimiento al aire libre de unos 2500 m2 deextensión, excavados en un 10 % aproximadamente. Su estratigrafía tiene 4 fases documentadas del Neolítico AntiguoCardial, Neolítico Antiguo Epicardial, Neolítico Postcardial y Neolítico Final. Las ocupaciones se caracterizan por niveles arqueológicos más o menos extensos y por la presencia de numerosas estructuras negativas: agujeros de poste, cubetas, estructuras de combustión, fosas-contenedor y silos. En la fase del Neolítico Cardial, la que tiene más material, se han hallado tres ámbitos que proponemos como unidades habitacionales. Las 9 dataciones radiocarbónicas (7 inéditas) que se presentan permiten inferir que las ocupaciones han sido muy continuadas en el tiempo, entre 5600-5200 cal BC para la fase A, c. 5000-4700 cal BC para la fase B, c. 4650-4450 cal BC para la fase C y c. 3350-3100 cal BC para la fase D. Estos datos cronológicos se completan con los resultados preliminares del análisis de la cultura material del yacimiento. Por último, se presenta especial atención a la comparación de esta con la derivada de las estructuras de hábitat entre el Neolítico Antiguo y el Neolítico Final en diferentes regiones del Mediterráneo occidental., [EN] The open-air site of Les Guixeres de Vilobí (Sant Martí Sarroca, Penedès, Barcelona) has an area of approximately 2,500 m2, of which ca 10% have been excavated. It has a 4-phase stratigraphy with occupations from the Cardial Early Neolithic, Epicardial Early Neolithic, Postcardial Neolithic and Late Neolithic. These are characterized by more or less extensive archaeological layers (depending on the phase) and by numerous negative structures: post holes, hearths, pits, and silos. The Cardial Neolithic phase is the richest in terms of material and also has three areas that we suggest are housing units. 9 radiocarbon dates (7 unpub-lished) indicate that the occupations were almost continous, between 5600-5200 cal BC for phase A, ca 5000-4700 cal BC for phase B, ca 4650-4450 cal BC for phase C and ca 3350-3100 cal BC for phase D. To complement these in-formation, preliminary data on the material culture of the site are shown. Finally, these data are combined with to the information derived from the habitat structures between the Early to Late Neolithic in other regions of the western Mediterranean.

Since 2013 we built a working group formed by researchers, educators, social workers, communicators and educational psychologists to bring archaeological research to all types of audiences, especially those with limited access to scientific dissemination programmes. In particular, we refer to people with psychological disorders or physical disabilities, older adults, newcomers, social groups traditionally marginalized and people at risk of social exclusion. These groups are usually left out of scientific outreach projects. We regard this neglect as serious as we believe in an inclusive society and the neglect is exclusionary. This work covers archaeological outreach activities engaging with some groups that usually do not participate in, and enjoy, science, specifically with people with intellectual disabilities and mental illnesses, recently arrived immigrants, the elderly and Romani people. Although initially, our activities began in the neighbourhoods of the city centre of Barcelona, today they have spread to other cities in Spain.

[EN] The NeoNet dataset aims to provide a new research tool for the study of the pioneer farming front (i.e. Neolithisation) in the North Central and North Western Mediterranean basin by focusing on the period of transition from a foraging to a farming economy (ca. 7000 to 3500 cal BC). The complete dataset is formed by the elencoc14.tsv file, a dataframe with tab-separated values, and a connex dataframe: thesaurus.tsv. The dataset contains 2,506 radiocarbon dates from 526 archaeological sites and 1,769 different archaeological records (stratigraphic units, structures, negative features, hearths, etc.). To ensure and facilitate the reuse of the radiocarbon dates, NeoNet¿s data structure is based on the Euroevol database layout. Among other fields, particular attention has been paid to homogenisation of the laboratory code, the archaeological context, and the references, in order to facilitate further data extractions. Indeed, the dataset is linked to an opensource R Shiny interactive web app (NeoNet app), and a getter function (R package c14bazAAr, R function get_neonet).

[cat] El jaciment de La Serreta (Vilafranca del Penedès, província de Barcelona) va ser excavat arran d’una intervenció preventiva per la remodelació de diferents enllaços de l’autopista AP-7 pel seu pas de la comarca de l’Alt Penedès, entre els anys 2009 i 2010. En aquella excavació es va intervenir en un total de 89 estructures subterrànies, datades entre el Neolític antic cardial i el Bronze inicial. La funcionalitat de les mateixes era diversa: estructures tipus sitja, enterraments i alguns espais amb finalitat d’hàbitat. En aquest treball es presenta el resultat de l’anàlisi de les restes malacofaunístiques d’origen marí i alguns altres invertebrats, també marins, recuperats en les intervencions datades al Neolític Postcardial i el Neolític mitjà. Tot i que la col·lecció no és gaire nombrosa, alguns elements ens remeten a models decoratius que suposen una novetat en els ornaments personals de la prehistòria recent catalana. Es tracta de conquilles del gènere Glycymeris que presentaven connexió de la valva dreta amb la valva esquerra, i enfilades amb la perforació de l’umbó. Encara que la recuperació de valves de Glycymeris emprades com a ornaments es quelcom habitual, les noves troballes posen de manifest que els models ornamentals haurien estat més complexos del que s’ha suposat fins ara., [spa] El yacimiento de La Serreta (Vilafranca del Penedès, provincia de Barcelona) fue excavado a raíz de una intervención preventiva por la remodelación de diferentes enlaces de la autopista AP-7 a su paso por la comarca de l’Alt Penedès, entre los años 2009 y 2010. En dicha excavación se actuó en un total de 89 estructuras subterráneas, datadas entre el Neolítico Antiguo cardial y el Bronce inicial. Éstas presentaban diferentes funcionalidades: fosas tipo silo, enterramientos y algún espacio de hábitat. En este trabajo presentamos el resultado del análisis de los restos malacofaunísticos de origen marino y algunos otros invertebrados, también marinos, recuperados en estas excavaciones en las estructuras fechadas en el Neolítico Postcardial y el Neolítico Medio. Aunque la colección no es muy numerosa, ciertos elementos nos remiten a modelos decorativos que suponen una novedad entre los ornamentos personales de la prehistoria reciente catalana. Se trata de conchas del género Glycymeris en conexión de valva izquierda y derecha, y engarzadas mediante la perforación del umbo. Aunque la recuperación de valvas de Glycymeris utilizadas como ornamentos es algo habitual, los nuevos descubrimientos ponen de manifiesto que los modelos ornamentales podían ser más complejos de lo que se ha supuesto hasta el momento., [eng] La Serreta site (Vilafranca del Penedès, Barcelona province) was excavated between 2009 and 2010, as a result of a preventive intervention after the works conducted to renew different access to the AP-7 highway in the area of Alt Penedès. During the archaeological fieldworks a total of 89 structures were excavated, dated between the ancient Cardial Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age. Different functionalities were attributed to these structures: silo-type graves, burials and habitat space. In this work we present the results of the analysis of the marine malacofaunistic remains and some other marine invertebrates, recovered from the structures dated to the Postcardial Neolithic and the Middle Neolithic. Although the sample is not very large, some elements point to the use of novel decorative types not registered before among the personal ornaments of the recent Catalan prehistory. They consist on shells of the genus Glycymeris, with both valves (left and right) connected and set by drilling the umbo. Although the recovery of Glycymeris shells that were used as ornaments is common, the new discoveries show that the ornamental typologies could be more complex than previously assumed.

[EN] Even though stone slab burials are well known in archaeological literature since the beginning of the 20th century (mostly thanks to J. Vilaró, then M. Cura, J. Castany and Ll. Guerrero), they have been largely overlooked during this last decade. Even so, numerous graves have been discovered with parallels with other contemporary - or sub-contemporary- Neolithic burials in southern France, northern Italy or Switzerland. The scarce or null visibility of the burials, their deficient state of conservation, the lack of surveying projects and the alterations caused by soil movements in agro-pastoral areas can be the reason for the few discoveries of this kind of burial during the last few years. Neolithic communities selected specific spaces and territories to bury their dead and in particular at locations between 589 m and 747 m above sea level. They used stone slabs to build two types of tombs: (1) cistas, which are cist tombs, buried and sealed tightly by the four slabs that make up the sides and the top. They can be accessed by moving the upper slab (vertical access); (2) megalithic chambers whose fundamental difference is that they are accessed from the side (horizontal access). There is an additional 20% of graves in a poor state of preservation that could not be classified. There is little osteological information as many of the graves were excavated several decades ago. Frequently a substantial part of the skeleton was not collected or the appropriate techniques were not used for optimal data recording. Most graves contain only one individual, occasionally two, and rarely three or more. The majority are adult males, but due to the poor excavation procedures described above and the loss of certain remains over time, because of the changes and transfers of the archaeological material between museums, this information is unreliable., [FR] Les sépultures à dalles néolithiques sont connues depuis le début du xxe siècle, tout particulièrement grâce au travail débuté par J. Vilaró et poursuivi par M. Cura, J. Castany et Ll. Guerrero. Cependant, elles ont reçu de la part des archéologues moins d’attention que d’autres structures funéraires (même si elles sont souvent mentionnées dans la littérature archéologique), ce qui est surprenant. En effet, les tombes découvertes sont nombreuses, ainsi que les parallèles avec d’autres manifestations néolithiques contemporaines ou proches dans le temps du sud de la France, du nord de l’Italie ou de la Suisse. Il s’est donc avéré nécessaire d’effectuer une série d’analyses pour améliorer nos connaissances à leur sujet. La faible visibilité de ces tombes (ou l’absence de visibilité), leur mauvais état de conservation, le manque de prospections et les dégradations dues aux remaniements des sols des zones agropastorales dans lesquels elles se trouvent, peuvent être les causes du nombre peu élevé de découvertes réalisées ces dernières décennies. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter les derniers résultats obtenus par notre équipe de chercheurs réunie autour de l’étude de ces tombes. Nous présenterons l’état de la question sur leur historiographie, ainsi que les caractéristiques qui les définissent, en partant des structures pour arriver aux personnes inhumées et au mobilier funéraire associé. Il est important d’insister sur l’existence de nouvelles datations radiocarbone et sur les analyses statistiques effectuées, car elles nous ont permis d’évaluer la distribution chronologique des tombes et leur durée d’utilisation. Jusqu’à la réalisation de ce programme de datation, la chronologie des sépultures à dalles était assez incertaine en raison du nombre restreint de dates, dont certaines obtenues à partir d’échantillons de longue durée de vie. Ces données ont servi de trait d’union pour établir des liens avec d’autres manifestations funéraires du néolithique d’Euro

Durant les tasques d’excavació a la cista del Camp de la Bruna es van recuperar únicament 21 fragments ceràmics: 2 a la UE 104 (interior de la cista) i 19 a la UE 103 (rebliment exterior). D’aquests, només 4 tenen criteris morfològics, concretament es tracta de sengles vores de la UE 103, que pertanyen a 3 vasos diferents. La resta de materials recuperats són completament informes. Per una banda, hi ha quinze fragments assignats a la UE 103. Aquests, a través de criteris macroscòpics, podrien correspondre’s amb un total de dotze vasos diferents i que no sembla que tinguin relació amb cap de les vores documentades al mateix estrat. De totes maneres, les reduïdes dimensions dels fragments i la variabilitat de les produccions a mà impedeixen afirmar-ho amb seguretat. En general, formarien part de vasos de volums mitjans, relativament grollers -dominen els acabats allisats-, i en nombroses ocasions, les partícules minerals (calcària sobretot) són de mida gran i afloren a les superfícies interiors i exteriors. També cal esmentar l’existència de dos fragments a l’interior de la cambra funerària, a l’estrat UE 104 (en contacte amb les inhumacions). Es tracta novament de dos fragments informes, amb cuita irregular i reduïda, acabats polits i amb presència de calcària i mica a l’argila. Malauradament, ens ha estat impossible determinar cap relació amb la resta dels fragments del jaciment, incloses les vores esmentades.

Per aquest treball, s'han obtingut 9 noves datacions realitzades sobre mostres de vida curta. Es tracta de llavors (identificació de Ferran Antolín), fauna (identificació de Jordi Nadal), carbó (identificació d'Ethel Allué i Bàrbara Mas) i una resta humana (identificació de M. Eulàlia Subirà) que procedeixen de nivells que, en major part, ja havien estat datats amb anterioritat. El criteri per escollir datar aquests nivells ha estat la representativitat cultural dels mateixos i/o la correcció de les antigues datacions

Studies on the function of the lithic tools of the last hunter-gatherer communities in the Western Mediterranean are very scarce. However, in recent decades, research carried out by both archaeologists and traceologists has partially filled this gap with new excavations and new analysis of both Early and Late Mesolithic assemblages. Today, we can talk of the existence of a real "Mesolithic toolkit", formed by a series of formal tools that were used in a more or less common way all over the Western Mediterranean; some of the most typical implements are microlithic trapezes and notched blades and flakes. This chapter analyses differences and similitudes, on a functional and technological level, between assemblages from the eastern Iberian Península and North of Morocco.

[EN] Even though stone slab burials are well known in archaeological literature since the beginning of the 20th century (mostly thanks to J. Vilaró, then M. Cura, J. Castany and Ll. Guerrero), they have been largely overlooked during this last decade. Even so, numerous graves have been discovered with parallels with other contemporary - or sub-contemporary- Neolithic burials in southern France, northern Italy or Switzerland. The scarce or null visibility of the burials, their deficient state of conservation, the lack of surveying projects and the alterations caused by soil movements in agro-pastoral areas can be the reason for the few discoveries of this kind of burial during the last few years. Neolithic communities selected specific spaces and territories to bury their dead and in particular at locations between 589 m and 747 m above sea level. They used stone slabs to build two types of tombs: (1) cistas, which are cist tombs, buried and sealed tightly by the four slabs that make up the sides and the top. They can be accessed by moving the upper slab (vertical access); (2) megalithic chambers whose fundamental difference is that they are accessed from the side (horizontal access). There is an additional 20% of graves in a poor state of preservation that could not be classified. There is little osteological information as many of the graves were excavated several decades ago. Frequently a substantial part of the skeleton was not collected or the appropriate techniques were not used for optimal data recording. Most graves contain only one individual, occasionally two, and rarely three or more. The majority are adult males, but due to the poor excavation procedures described above and the loss of certain remains over time, because of the changes and transfers of the archaeological material between museums, this information is unreliable., [FR] Les sépultures à dalles néolithiques sont connues depuis le début du xxe siècle, tout particulièrement grâce au travail débuté par J. Vilaró et poursuivi par M. Cura, J. Castany et Ll. Guerrero. Cependant, elles ont reçu de la part des archéologues moins d’attention que d’autres structures funéraires (même si elles sont souvent mentionnées dans la littérature archéologique), ce qui est surprenant. En effet, les tombes découvertes sont nombreuses, ainsi que les parallèles avec d’autres manifestations néolithiques contemporaines ou proches dans le temps du sud de la France, du nord de l’Italie ou de la Suisse. Il s’est donc avéré nécessaire d’effectuer une série d’analyses pour améliorer nos connaissances à leur sujet. La faible visibilité de ces tombes (ou l’absence de visibilité), leur mauvais état de conservation, le manque de prospections et les dégradations dues aux remaniements des sols des zones agropastorales dans lesquels elles se trouvent, peuvent être les causes du nombre peu élevé de découvertes réalisées ces dernières décennies. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter les derniers résultats obtenus par notre équipe de chercheurs réunie autour de l’étude de ces tombes. Nous présenterons l’état de la question sur leur historiographie, ainsi que les caractéristiques qui les définissent, en partant des structures pour arriver aux personnes inhumées et au mobilier funéraire associé. Il est important d’insister sur l’existence de nouvelles datations radiocarbone et sur les analyses statistiques effectuées, car elles nous ont permis d’évaluer la distribution chronologique des tombes et leur durée d’utilisation. Jusqu’à la réalisation de ce programme de datation, la chronologie des sépultures à dalles était assez incertaine en raison du nombre restreint de dates, dont certaines obtenues à partir d’échantillons de longue durée de vie. Ces données ont servi de trait d’union pour établir des liens avec d’autres manifestations funéraires du néolithique d’Euro

We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia’s ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry. We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European–speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European–speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean.

We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia’s ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry. We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European–speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European–speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean.

The excavations carried out from 1983 to 1985 on an Andorran hillside by the former Andorra National Artistic Heritage Archaeological Research Service revealed one of the most important Neolithic sites in the Pyrenees. Directed by Xavier Llovera, the excavations uncovered a settlement with two interesting features: 1) it was located in a high mountain area, and 2) the same place possessed numerous domestic and funerary structures. Both factors have made La Feixa del Moro a key site in the prehistory of both the Pyrenees and the western Mediterranean in general.Three decades later, a pluridisciplinary team has begun a careful review of the documentation, studied the human remains and artefacts in the graves, carried out several forms of biochemical analysis and obtained new radiocarbon determinations for the individuals exhumed in two of the three burials in stone boxes (or cists). The objective is a better understanding of the first farming communities that settled in the Pyrenees.

[CA] La difusió en arqueologia ha estat organitzada per museus, parcs arqueològics i, en menor mesura, centres educatius i d'investigació. El públic al qual van dirigides tals activitats són habitualment joves, xiquets i famílies de classe mitjana/alta. Des de 2013 un grup d'investigadors, educadors, agents socials, comunicadors i psicopedagogs treballem per a portar l'arqueologia a tota mena de públics, fins i tot aquells que cataloguem com a «oblidats» per la difusió. Ens referim, especialment, a les persones amb diversitat funcional, de la tercera edat, les afectades per certes patologies psíquiques o físiques, els immigrants nouvinguts, les que estan en risc d'exclusió social o aquelles que d'alguna manera sempre han quedat al marge, cas del col·lectiu gitano. Això ha estat possible gràcies a la col·laboració amb múltiples grups i associacions culturals, empresarials i polítiques, així com a l'ús d'un conjunt d'eines metodològiques adaptades a aqueixes persones., [ES] La difusión en arqueología ha sido organizada por museos, parques arqueológicos y, en menor medida, centros educativos y de investigación. El público al que van dirigido tales actividades es habitualmente jóvenes, niños y familias de clase media/alta. Desde el año 2013 un grupo de investigadores, educadores, agentes sociales, comunicadores y psicopedagogos venimos trabajando para llevar la arqueología a todo tipo de públicos, incluso aquellos que catalogamos como «olvidados» por la difusión. Nos referimos, especialmente, a las personas con diversidad funcional, de la tercera edad, las afectadas por ciertas patologías psíquicas o físicas, los inmigrantes recién llegados, las que están en riesgo de exclusión social o aquellas que de alguna manera siempre han quedado al margen, caso del colectivo gitano. Ello ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración con múltiples grupos y asociaciones culturales, empresariales y políticas, así como al uso de un conjunto de herramientas metodológicas adaptadas a esas personas.

Cova Bonica has yielded one of the few assemblages of Cardial Neolithic records of directly dated human remains (c. 5470 and 5220 years cal. BC – unmodelled) in the Iberian Peninsula and has provided the first complete genome of an Iberian farmer. A minimum of seven individuals and six age clusters have been ascribed on the basis of the disarticulated human bones. A large number of archaeological artifacts have likewise been identified in the same layer, preserved in a small number of remnants in different areas of the cave. This study presents the results of a multi-proxy archaeological analysis of the spatial distribution, human remains, small and large mammals, palaeobotanical remains, lithics, ceramics and radiocarbon dating, with the aim of reconstructing the cave's history and the context of the layer containing the human remains. The results suggest the cave was used for at least two distinct purposes: one related to its use for funerary practices, as documented by a small group of artifacts (ornamental objects, ceramics, tools), charcoal and small mammals; the other related to its use as a sheep pen as indicated by reworked fumier, the results of a zooarchaeological study and an ovicaprine palaeodemographic profile. The paper concludes that the funerary and ritualistic practices of the Cardial Neolithic in SW Europe are difficult to reconstruct because human remains are often scattered in archaeological layers where other human activities may also have been conducted. For this reason, artifacts associated with human remains do not constitute a solid foundation on which to reconstruct funerary practices. Indeed, only a multi-proxy analysis of the archaeological material is capable of evaluating different geological and/or archaeological processes and their associated activities.

[EN] Scientific dissemination programs seem prepared for all types of audiences, but certain groups are often left out because specialists do not think about them when planning them. Those groups include people with physical and intellectual disabilities, older adults, people at risk of social exclusion and newcomers. In this article, we present two outreach activities on Prehistory specifically designed for people with intellectual disabilities. We believe that the model used, the evaluation carried out and the results obtained can be useful for other research groups or educators who work with people with intellectual disabilities., [ES] Los programas de divulgación científica parecen preparados para todo tipo de público. Sin embargo, ciertos colectivos —p.e., personas con discapacidad física e intelectual, de la tercera edad, en riesgo de exclusión social, inmigrantes recién llegados— quedan habitualmente al margen de tales programas y no se piensa en ellos a la hora de diseñarlos. En este artículo presentamos dos actividades divulgativas centradas en la arqueología prehistórica y específicamente diseñadas para personas con discapacidad intelectual. Creemos que la metodología empleada, la evaluación realizada y los resultados obtenidos pueden servir a otros grupos de investigación o a educadores que trabajan con estos colectivos.

In this article, a zooarchaeological and isotopic analysis is presented for 26 dog exemplars (Canis familiaris). These dogs were deposited in burial and ceremonial structures in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Neolithic, within the Pit Grave cultural horizon (ca. 4200–3600 cal BC). Four archaeological sites of the Catalonian coastal strip are studied: Camí de Can Grau, La Serreta, Ca l'Arnella, and Bòbila Madurell (one of the most important necropolises of the Iberian Peninsula). The presence of these dogs is interpreted as evidence of accompanying offerings and represents the most ancient use of this animal in the context of burials within the studied territory. Although it is a not a globally recorded gesture during this period, in light of the present results, it can be considered as a stereotyped ritual activity and evidence of the close relationship between these animals and the human communities. The diet of most of the dogs must be considered mixed and very similar to that of the humans, including consumption of herbivores and terrestrial plants.

Se recogen los diversos trabajos realizados en torno a este registro arqueológico, uno de los referentes obligados al hablar de las prácticas funerarias neolíticas del noreste de la península Ibérica.

Se realiza una descripción de los enterramientos y los materiales documentados, se estudia esta necrópolis del Pla del Riu de Les Marcetes (Manresa, Barcelona) en el marco de los contextos funerarios de este periodo, y se exponen los resultados del trabajo realizado.

[EN] Although scientific dissemination programmes related to Archaeology seem prepared for all types of audiences, the reality is clearly different. Museums, archaeological parks, guided visits to archaeological sites usually have a “captive” or faithful audience, such as children and young people from primary or high schools, and families with resources that usually participate in scientific events, such as Science Week or Museum’s Night. In this sense, other target groups are ignored by these programmes and even they are not considered in their design. Among them are included the elderly people, those who have some physical or intellectual disabilities, people in risk of social exclusion or newly immigrants without economic resources. In this paper, we present our experience with elderly people, some of whom are in a difficult economic situation due to the pension they receive or present physical and mental difficulties. This situation become even more critical when, being interested, they cannot afford the payment of a bus or they have difficulties to move alone. The model and methodology employed in our activities can be a reference for other research groups or educators who work or pretend to begin a scientific dissemination program with elderly people., [ES] Aunque los programas de divulgación científica relacionados con la arqueología parecen preparados para todo tipo de públicos, la realidad es muy diferente. Los museos, los parques arqueológicos, las visitas a yacimientos, suelen tener un público “cautivo” o fiel como son los niños y jóvenes de escuelas e institutos, y las familias con ciertos recursos que suelen participar en las Semanas de la Ciencia, la Noche de los Museos, etc. En este sentido, muchos otros colectivos quedan al margen de tales programas y ni siquiera se piensa en ellos a la hora de diseñarlos. Entre ellos estarían, por ejemplo, las personas de la Tercera Edad, las que tienen alguna discapacidad física e intelectual, las que por distintos motivos están en riesgo de exclusión social o los inmigrantes recién llegados que no tienen los mínimos recursos económicos. En el presente artículo queremos detenernos en nuestra experiencia con personas de la Tercera Edad, algunas de las cuales se encuentran en una situación económica complicada por la pensión que reciben o presentan ciertas dificultades físicas y psíquicas. Esta situación, evidentemente, se hace aún más crítica cuando, estando interesados, les es imposible costearse un autobús o tienen dificultades para trasladarse solos. El modelo y metodología empleada en las actividades que organizamos pueden servir de referencia para otros grupos de investigación o educadores que trabajan o pretenden iniciar un programa de divulgación científica con nuestros mayores.

Este trabajo se centra en los resultados del descubrimiento de un tipo particular de instrumento lítico documentado recientemente en dos de los yacimientos de Juberri, Camp del Colomer i Carrer Llinàs. Se trata de unos punzones, basicamente de sección triangular o cuadrangular, elaborados con esquisto. Este capítulo se centra en la presentación de los resultados de los análisis en relación con los punzones hallados.

A inicis dels anys vuitanta, amb motiu de la realització del primer inventari general del patrimoni arqueològic d’Andorra, es va documentar al paratge conegut com la Feixa del Moro, un sepulcre en cista que, per les seves característiques arquitectòniques i els materials recuperats a l’interior, s’adscrivia al neolític mitjà, també conegut com la cultura dels sepulcres de fossa (Bosch Gimpera 1919). Les intervencions posteriors realitzades en aquesta zona de muntanya van posar al descobert diverses estructures d’hàbitat i de producció, així com dues noves sepultures en cista. La magnitud de la troballa i l’aposta que va fer el director de les intervencions per impulsar anàlisis innovadores varen fer d’aquest jaciment arqueològic un dels referents més importants del neolític del nord-est peninsular vigent encara en l’actualitat. Trenta anys després, un equip pluridisciplinari, en el marc de diferents projectes d’investigació (HAR2011-23149, HAR2015-67323-C2-1/2-P, HAR2016-75201-P), ha analitzat i revisat nombrosos enterraments entre els quals es troba el jaciment de la Feixa del Moro. Amb aquest article, els integrants de l’estudi s’han proposat revisar i actualitzar tota la informació existent de la Feixa del Moro per garantir la coherència i el rigor d’aquestes dades en estudis futurs. Alhora es donen a conèixer els resultats de les darreres anàlisis realitzades per engrescar els investigadors a promoure nous estudis que ajudin a entendre les societats neolítiques. Així doncs, l’article té els objectius següents: 1. Revisar tota la informació existent. 2. Actualitzar les dades. 3. Presentar els nous resultats.

Andorra, tot i les reduïdes dimensions del seu territori, compta amb un conjunt de jaciments neolítics que han esdevingut transcendents per a l’estudi de diferents fases del període, tant al territori català com al francès. Aquesta tradició en la recerca ha anat acompanyada de nombrosos estudis i anàlisis interdisciplinaris. Alguns dels jaciments més ben coneguts, com la Balma de la Margineda i la Feixa del Moro, ja comptaven amb datacions radiocarbòniques durant els anys vuitanta del segle XX, molt abans que altres territoris veïns. No obstant això, els avanços tècnics (sobretot l’aparició dels mètodes radiocarbònics accelerats, AMS) varen provocar que aquelles velles datacions, d’antuvi molt útils, hagin estat considerades com desfasades en els darrers anys. Recentment, diversos projectes de recerca han obtingut noves datacions en jaciments andorrans. Per una banda, des de l’arqueologia preventiva s’han datat els jaciments del Camp del Colomer i la Tomba de Segudet, i per una altra, tres projectes de recerca han obtingut noves datacions de la Balma de la Margineda, de la Feixa del Moro i de diverses estructures antròpiques a la vall de Madriu-Perafita- Claror. En aquest treball, doncs, es presenten les datacions disponibles fins al moment als jaciments neolítics d’Andorra, des de les més antigues i problemàtiques fins a les més recents, algunes d’elles presentades aquí per primer cop.

[EN] Understanding how flaked stone tools were used by the first farmers that settled in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula can help us reconstructing their economic organization. The open-air site of Les Guixeres de Vilobí is an ideal context to carry out such a study. It is one of the few Early Neolithic sites in which internal subdivisions and structures have been recovered, together with an abundant lithic record. In this work we present a first analysis of the morphological, technological, and functional aspects of the stone tools from Les Guixeres de Vilobí. The analysis of the distribution of the lithic remains within the excavated area allows us to evaluate whether a spatial organization of the economic activities existed. Despite mainly focusing on Les Guixeres de Vilobí, our results around the functional aspects have been integrated into a broader context and compared with other contemporary or chronologically close sites of the Iberian Neolithic., [ES] Entendemos que el reconocimiento de la función de los instrumentos líticos puede aproximarnos a las actividades que realizaban las primeras comunidades neolíticas que se asentaron en el NE de la península Ibérica. Uno de los contextos donde poder abordar tales cuestiones es el yacimiento al aire libre de Les Guixeres de Vilobí. Perteneciente al Neolítico antiguo, es uno de los pocos asentamientos de este periodo con estructuras internas y un número relevante de útiles líticos. En este trabajo presentamos una primera aproximación a la morfología, la tecnología y la funcionalidad de dicho utillaje. Su localización en el área excavada nos permite evaluar si hay una organización del espacio con respecto al lugar dónde se efectuaron ciertas actividades. Aunque este artículo se centra en Les Guixeres de Vilobí, los resultados funcionales serán contextualizados y comparados con otros yacimientos contemporáneos o próximos cronológicamente.

One of the elements that defines the so-called "Pit Burial Horizon" is the presence within certain burials of a set of tools and ornaments which were made of exogenous materials or which their acquisition and processing required an enormous investment effort. Chronologically, we stand at end of the 5th and beginning of the 4th millennium cat. BC, a period that stands out due to the relevance of its funerary structures, usually burial chambers containing a single individual. In this paper, we will identify the type of raw materials that travelled long distances during this lapse of time, recognise and explain who the receivers of those instruments and ornaments were. The best known archaeological site of this period is Bòbila Madurell-Can Gambús, which will serve as an example to examine this topic. This is a context with a considerable potential, not only due to the number of burials (more than 170 in Bòbila Madurell-Can Gambús), but alsto because of the substantial number of grave goods and instruments made with exogenous rocks.

This paper sets out how to approach the chronology of an archaeological funerary practice, through a specific case study: the Neolithic “Pit Burials” funerary horizon of the northeastern Iberian Peninsula. Towards the end of the fifth millennium cal BC, the communities settled in this region began to systematically bury a large part of their population in individual, occasionally double, pits or stone boxes burials. Clear similarities have been documented with other neolithic European funerary horizons, such as the “Chasséen” in France or the “Cortaillod” in Switzerland, that suggest that it could be a larger-scale phenomenon. However, up to now the chronology of “Pit Burials” has not been fully defined, so describing and explaining this phenomenon both regionally and globally has been difficult. This paper fills this gap by presenting, on the one hand, new unpublished radiocarbon dates, addressing the methodological possibilities of statistical analysis and Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates in order to specify the chronology of funerary contexts. The results presented here not only show the chronology of the “Pit Burials”, and its relationship with the other similar European burials, from this methodological point of view for the first time, but also the methodological advantages of these statistical tools in order to specify the chronology of any other archaeological funerary practice.

[EN] Camí de Can Grau is one of the most important Neolithic necropolises of the “Pit Burials” horizon (North-East of the Iberian Peninsula. Late fifth–early fourth millennia cal BC), because of its large number of graves. However, the number of buried individuals and the type of grave goods of the site have some peculiarities suggesting that could be one of the last manifestations of this horizon. For proving that, a radiocarbon dating programme and some statistical analysis were carried out so as to determine its chronology. The results are discussed regarding the duration of the necropolis, the degree of contemporaneity between graves and grave goods and the number of buried individuals. Moreover, chronological relationships with other similar contexts of the same horizon and located in other regions are presented. This study goes beyond a purely local research, as it proposes a method for addressing the chronology of funerary contexts., [FR] Camí de Can Grau est l’une des nécropoles néolithiques les plus importantes de l’horizon des « Sépulcres de Fossa » (Nord-Est de la péninsule Ibérique, fin du Ve–début du IVe millénaire cal BC), en raison du nombre élevé de sépultures qui la composent. Cependant, le nombre d’individus enterrés et le type des mobiliers d’accompagnement présentent certaines particularités, qui suggèrent qu’il pourrait s’agir de l’une des dernières manifestations de cet horizon. Pour le démontrer, un programme de datations radiocarbone et d’analyses statistiques a été mis en place afin de déterminer la chronologie du site. Les résultats sont discutés en ce qui concerne la durée d’occupation de la nécropole, le degré de contemporanéité entre les tombes et les mobiliers d’accompagnement et le nombre d’individus inhumés. De plus, des relations chronologiques avec d’autres contextes similaires du même horizon, situés dans d’autres régions, sont présentées. Cette étude va au-delà d’une recherche purement locale, car elle propose une méthode pour aborder la chronologie des contextes funéraires.

The northeast of the Iberian Peninsula is a region that so far has contributed little information on the transition between the last hunter-gatherer groups and the first farming communities. Although data about the Late Mesolithic is still scanty, in recent years more information has been obtained about the Early Neolithic as a consequence of several research projects and excavations. The few known Mesolithic records and more abundant data on the Early Neolithic are studied here, highlighting the transition between the two periods and the problem of the scarcity of information about the last Mesolithic hunter-gatherers. With the available data, we propose a late extension of the ‘Notches and Denticulates Mesolithic’ phase as the final Mesolithic population in the region. The first evidence of Neolithic communities is then documented after a hiatus of about 500 years (c. 6000-5500 cal BC). These communities initially settled in littoral and pre-littoral zones, although by c. 5300 cal BC they had occupied the rest of northeast Iberia, including high mountain regions. From the start, these groups shared a consolidated agricultural economy despite the fact specific differences are attested depending on their geographic location.

El presente trabajo se sustenta especialmente en la monografía que sobre los yacimientos del Puig d’en Roca y Sant Julià de Ramis publicaron en 1980 Francesc Riuró y Miquel Fusté en la Associació Arqueològica de Girona. En este catálogo se muestran los datos arqueológicos más relevantes. Los aspectos más específicos relacionados con su descubrimiento, quién llevó la gestión inicial de los yacimientos, etc., pueden consultarse en dicho monográfico. En el marco del proyecto de investigación llevado a cabo, se han realizado una serie de estudios y análisis y se muestran los resultados obtenidos. Se acompaña la descripción de las tumbas y de los materiales con las fotografías de los propios autores realizadas en la sede de Gerona del Museu d’Arqueologia de Catalunya. Tales fotos se complementan con los magníficos dibujos que en su momento ya publicaron F. Riuró y M. Fusté en la citada monografía.

[EN] The study of large chert blades documented in funerary contexts from the Late Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age in the north-eastern part of Iberia has been addressed in recent works by the authors, in which 49 burial sites have been registered with more than 200 large chert blades. In this paper the recent data obtained from the study of seven archaeological sites located in the region of the Penedès (southwest of Barcelona) is presented. The macroscopic characterization of the knapped stone industries shows their great variety regarding the origin of the siliceous raw material, often coming from outside the analysed region. In some cases their macroscopic features link them to Apt-Forcalquier chert (Haut Provence, France), which was widely distributed in the form of large blades during these phases of Late Catalan prehistory. The absence of evidence of the chaîne opératoire production of this type of foreign chert in the lithic assemblages in Catalonia lead to the supposition that the dispersion of the blades was done as trade items, and only in a few cases were highly complex technological tools of this kind of raw material distributed (e.g., daggers). Use-wear analysis reveals that these blades were not merely luxury items in grave goods. Far from this idea, they have to be considered as functional, even multifunctional, items. All the same, it is thought that they must have had an important value because they moved from the domestic sphere to the graves. In fact, the pieces that usually remain are not small fragments, but whole or almost whole, large blades that normally remain effective.

La cultura de los Sepulcros de Fosa incluyó, en su origen, todas las sepulturas prehistóricas individuales no megalíticas. Ana M. Muñoz (1965), recopiló todos los yacimientos conocidos hasta entonces, caracterizó y encuadró esta cultura y formuló la primera tipología. Las excavaciones posteriores, especialmente desde los años 80 del siglo pasado, han permitido sistematizar facies geográficas y sus ritos funerarios entre el V y mediados del IV milenio a. C. A raíz de los trabajos citados, dentro de los tipos en fosa, especialmente en Bòbila Madurell, Camí de Can Grau y Can Gambús-1, se propusieron nuevas tipologías. En el marco del proyecto “Aproximación a las primeras comunidades neolíticas del NE a través de sus prácticas funerarias”, dirigido por Juan F. Gibaja, se ha revisado la arquitectura de las tumbas en fosa con el objetivo de consensuar una tipología muy simple que unifique las diversas propuestas hasta el presente, permita una clasificación automática a partir de lo que es común y básico y facilite su interacción con otras variables medioambientales, sociales, económicas, tecnológicas y cronológicas. Los tipos básicos propuestos se basan en criterios relacionados con la morfología de la tumba, independientemente de sus dimensiones y cronología, la posición y orientación de la cámara funeraria y del esqueleto, y su cierre. Esta tipología reúne tres tipos (I, II, III) con subtipos dentro de las estructuras complejas y uno (tipo IV) en las estructuras simples. También se comentan las estructuras en silo. Este sencillo catálogo se irá completando con los resultados de investigaciones en curso y pretendemos permita plantear hipótesis fundamentadas sobre el origen y evolución de cada uno de estos tipos, su implantación territorial y su relación con las tumbas de piedra.

[EN] In this paper, we present the latest results and current on-going analysis of the Neolithic grave goods associated with the communities that lived in the north-eastem Iberian Peninsula between the 5th and 4th millennia cal BC. Aspects such as raw materials, tool morphologies, artefact distributions, production techniques and the degree of tool degree are addressed from a multidisciplinary point of view., [FR] Dans cet article, nous proposons de présenter les derniers résultats de l'analyse du mobilier funéraire néolithique des communautés du nord-est de la Péninsule Ibérique enmtre le Ve et le IVe millénaire av. n-è. Des aspects comme la matière première, la forme des outils, la distribution des artefacts, les productions techiques et le degré d'utilisation des outils seront abordés d'un point de vue pluridisciplinaire.

[EN] The data presented in this paper resume all the available information on the Feixa del Moro site, correcting old mistakes and bias, updating the 1980s archaeological registers and presenting new analyses as well. Our aim is to ensure that Feixa del Moro remains a reference site for the Pyrenean and Western Mediterranean Neolithic. At the same time, we wish to encourage other researchers to undertake new analyses and to embrace new perspectives in order to improve our understanding of Neolithic societies., [FR] Le travail que nous présentons ici rassemble toutes les données disponibles sur la Feixa del Moro jusqu’à aujourd’hui, expose les confusions détectées dans les sources, actualise les registres archéologiques obtenus dans les années 1980 et présente les résultats des nouvelles analyses effectuées. Grâce à cette démarche nous souhaitons que ce site continue d’être une référence pour le Néolithique dans les Pyrénées et la Méditerranée occidentale. Nous souhaitons également attirer l’attention d’autres chercheurs afin qu’ils continuent d’analyser et d’apporter de nouveaux éléments et de nouvelles approches pour mieux comprendre les sociétés néolithiques.

[EN] The Sepulcros de Fosa is a historical period which has an extensive bibliographical record for northeastern Iberia. lt has b een attributed to the Middle Neol ithic and dated to c.4000-3600 ca l. BC. However, recent archaeological research and severa! new radiocarbon dates indicate that the Sepulcros de Fosa culture emerged earlier, during the Postcardial Neolithic period for nearly 800 years until the middle of 4th millennium cal. BC. These dates were obtained as part of the project «Aproximación a las primeras comunidades neolíticas del NE Peninsular a través de sus prácticas funerarias». The data indicate that the Sepulcros de Fosa began first in the Penedès region and then moved to the Vallès region, where it reached its peak at c. 3500-3450 cal. BC., [FR] Les Sepulcros de Fosa se rattachent a une période historique pour laquelle existe une importante bibliographie dans le nord-est de la péninsule lbérique. Cette culture est rattachée au Néolithique moyen, avec une datation aux environs de 4000-3600 ca l. BC. Cependant, des travaux archéologiques récents et plusieurs nouvelles datations au carbone 14 indiquent que les Sepulcros de Fosa apparaissent plus tôt, pendant le Néolithique Postcardial pour presque c. 800 ans jusqu'au milieu de 4e millénaire cal. BC. Ces datations ont été effectuées sous le projet « Aproximación a las primeras comunidades neolíticas del NE Peninsular a través de sus prácticas funerarias». Les données ind iquent que les Sepulcros de Fosa sont d'abord apparues dans la région du Penedès avant de se déplacer vers la région du Vallès, ou ils se concentrent au maximum jusque vers 3500-3450 ca l. BC., [ES] Los Sepulcros de Fosa son una fase histórica con una larga tradición en la b ib liografía del NE de la Península Ibérica. Tradicionalmente se vinculó siempre al Neo lítico medio y Neolítico reciente, con unas dataciones c. 4000-3600 cal. BC. Sin embargo, los trabajos arqueológ icos recientes y las numerosas nuevas datacio nes radiocarbónicas, han permitido detectar que los Sepulcros de Fosa ya aparecen en un periodo anterior, el Neolítico Postcardial, y que se llevan a cabo durante casi 800 años hasta mediados del IV milenio ca l. BC. Estas dataciones se han llevado a cabo en el marco del proyecto «Aproximación a las primeras comunidades neolíticas del NE Peninsular a través de sus prácticas funerarias». Se ha detectado que inicialmente se documentan en la región del Penedès (sur del río Llobregat) y posteriormente en el norte, en las comarcas del Vallès, donde vive su apogeo hasta c. 3500-3450 cal. BC.

[EN] At its origin, the expression "Sepulcros de Fosa" qualified all of the single, non-megalithic prehistoric buriaIs. In 1965, Ana M. Muñoz compiled all of the relevant sites then known, characterized this culture and proposed a first typology. Despite the small number of settlements discovered, the current data enable us to refine the Middle Neolithic chronology, and to define the diverse cultural forms, the latter being characterized based on standardized rituals. The published typologies of tombs dated to between the 5th and the middle of the 4th millennia BC have been summarized and we propase here a simplified typology of them, faci litating their cl assificat ion based on shared features. We also confront it with other variables, which enables us to propase hypotheses based on the origin and evolution of rituals and their geographic locations., [ES] La cultura de los Sepulcros de Fosa incluyó, en su origen, todas las sepulturas prehistóricas individuales no megalíticas. Ana M. Muñoz, en 1965, recopiló todos los yacimientos conocidos hasta entonces, caracterizó la cultura de los sepulcros de fosa y formuló la primera tipología. Con los datos actuales y, a falta de más hallazgos de poblados, se ha ido avanzando en la secuenciación del neolítico medio y en la definición de las diversas formas culturales, caracterizadas con ritos funerarios estandarizados. Hemos resumido las diversas tipologías publicadas de las tumbas neolíticas entre el V y mediados del IV milenio aC y ahora proponemos una tipología simplificada, que facilite la clasificación a partir de características comunes. El siguiente paso será cruzarla con otras variables que nos han de permitir plantear hipótesis sobre el origen y la evolución de los ritos y de su implantación territorial., [FR] A l'origine, l'expression «Sepulcres de Fosa» qualifie toutes les sépultures préhistoriques individuel les non mégalithiques. Ana M. Muñoz, en 1965, rassemble tous les sites concernés connus jusqu'alors, caractérise cette culture et en propase une premiere typologie. Malgré le peu de sites d'habitats découverts, les données actuelles ont permis de préciser le phasage du Néolithique moyen ainsi que la définition des diverses formes culturelles; celles-ci sont caractérisées par des rites standardisés. Les typologies publiées des tombes datées entre le Ve et la moitié du IVe millénaire av. J.-C. ont été résumées, et nous proposons ici une typologie simplifiée, qui facilite la classification a partir de caractéristiques communes. Nous la confronterons aussi a d'autres variables, ce qui nous permettra de proposer des hypotheses fondées sur l'origine et l'évolution des rites et leur implantation territoriale.

Radiocarbon and palaeodiet information has been obtained for two Neolithic necropolises in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula: Puig d’en Roca and Can Gelats (Girona, Spain). Although Puig d’en Roca is one of the most important necropolises in this period, it is also one of the least known as, following its excavation in the 1950s and 1960s, it has scarcely been restudied archaeologically. Can Gelats is one of the latest funerary sites of this period to be excavated and therefore is little known to the scientific community. Two key issues in the study of Neolithic communities in the western Mediterranean are addressed here. Few radiocarbon determinations have been obtained at funerary sites and they have usually been applied to a very small number of individuals in each cemetery (one or two dates). In a similar way, palaeodiet analysis of Neolithic cemeteries has rarely been attempted, and therefore the information presented here is of great importance to understand the diet in those societies. This paper presents a new series of dates for two of the most important Neolithic necropolises in north-east Iberia and approaches the subsistence patterns of the populations buried there.

[EN] The authors of this paper has been investigating for years the Neolithic funerary contexts of the culture known as «Sepulcros de Fosa», in the northeast of the lberian Península. Here we present the results obtained from the study of the grave goods usually found in the burials of this cultural group. Ceramic vessels were gene rally placed in the graves a long with the deceased, as well as lithic and bon e tooIs, ornamental elements, and to a lesser extent, faunal remains. We d iscuss their morphological characteristics, the origin of the raw materials and the technical processes involved in their production. We also try to improve our knowledge of the function of sorne of these artefacts and their possible social or symbolic signification. This research fa lls within the l+D project started in 2011 and entit led "Aproximación a las primeras comunidades neolíticas del NE peninsular a través de sus prácticas funerarias" (HAR2011-23149). AII in all, each day we learn a litt le more about these communities., [FR] Le groupe de chercheurs qui signe ce travail étudie depuis des années les contextes funéraires néolithiques de la culture dite des «Sepulcros de Fosa», au nord-est de la péninsule lbérique. Nous présentons ici les résultats obtenus a partir de l'étude des éléments du mobilier funéraire habituellement documenté dans les sépultures de cette culture. En général, des récipients en céramique accompagnent les inhumés, ainsi que des instruments en pierre et en os, des éléments de parure, et, dans une moindre mesure, des restes faun iques. Nous aborderons leurs caractéristiques morphologiques, !'origine des matériaux utilisés, les procédés techniques impliqués dans leur élaboration. Nous essa ierons également de progresser dans la connaissance de la fonction de certains de ces objets et leur possible signification sociale et/ou symbolique. Le tout s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un projet l+D débuté en 2011 et intitulé: «Aproximación a las primeras comunidades neolíticas del NE peninsular a través de sus prácticas funerarias (HAR2011-23149)». En somme, nous en apprenons chaque jour un peu plus sur ces communautés.

As in many other regions, the periodization of the Neolithic in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula was based upon relative dating obtained through ceramic typologies. Moreover, this prehistoric period was structured using nomenclature borrowed from the Neolithization of southern France. A total of 37 new radiocarbon dates for NE Iberia have been recently obtained with appropriate sampling criteria. These results have been used in conjunction with other reliable 14C dates in order to assess the validity of traditional classifications established through the study of ceramic typologies. The gradual improvement in the quality of sample choice and the available archaeological records allowed the selection of 187 dates obtained mostly from short-lived taxa. This has enabled the chronological boundaries to be adjusted as precisely as possible.