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This systematic review summarizes the evidence on associations between physical and psychosocial work-related exposures and the development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Relevant databases were searched up to January 2020 for cohort studies reporting associations between work-related physical or psychosocial risk factors and the incidence of CTS. Two independent reviewers selected eligible studies, extracted relevant data, and assessed risk of bias (RoB). We identified fourteen articles for inclusion which reported data from nine cohort studies. Eight reported associations between physical exposure and the incidence of CTS and five reported associations between psychosocial exposures and the incidence of CTS. Quality items were generally rated as unclear or low RoB. Work-related physical exposure factors including high levels of repetition, velocity, and a combination of multiple physical exposures were associated with an increased risk of developing CTS. No other consistent associations were observed for physical or psychosocial exposures at work and CTS incidence.

This systematic review summarizes the evidence on associations between physical and psychosocial work-related exposures and the development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Relevant databases were searched up to January 2020 for cohort studies reporting associations between work-related physical or psychosocial risk factors and the incidence of CTS. Two independent reviewers selected eligible studies, extracted relevant data, and assessed risk of bias (RoB). We identified fourteen articles for inclusion which reported data from nine cohort studies. Eight reported associations between physical exposure and the incidence of CTS and five reported associations between psychosocial exposures and the incidence of CTS. Quality items were generally rated as unclear or low RoB. Work-related physical exposure factors including high levels of repetition, velocity, and a combination of multiple physical exposures were associated with an increased risk of developing CTS. No other consistent associations were observed for physical or psychosocial exposures at work and CTS incidence.

This systematic review summarizes the evidence on associations between physical and psychosocial work-related exposures and the development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Relevant databases were searched up to January 2020 for cohort studies reporting associations between work-related physical or psychosocial risk factors and the incidence of CTS. Two independent reviewers selected eligible studies, extracted relevant data, and assessed risk of bias (RoB). We identified fourteen articles for inclusion which reported data from nine cohort studies. Eight reported associations between physical exposure and the incidence of CTS and five reported associations between psychosocial exposures and the incidence of CTS. Quality items were generally rated as unclear or low RoB. Work-related physical exposure factors including high levels of repetition, velocity, and a combination of multiple physical exposures were associated with an increased risk of developing CTS. No other consistent associations were observed for physical or psychosocial exposures at work and CTS incidence.

This systematic review summarizes the evidence on associations between physical and psychosocial work-related exposures and the development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Relevant databases were searched up to January 2020 for cohort studies reporting associations between work-related physical or psychosocial risk factors and the incidence of CTS. Two independent reviewers selected eligible studies, extracted relevant data, and assessed risk of bias (RoB). We identified fourteen articles for inclusion which reported data from nine cohort studies. Eight reported associations between physical exposure and the incidence of CTS and five reported associations between psychosocial exposures and the incidence of CTS. Quality items were generally rated as unclear or low RoB. Work-related physical exposure factors including high levels of repetition, velocity, and a combination of multiple physical exposures were associated with an increased risk of developing CTS. No other consistent associations were observed for physical or psychosocial exposures at work and CTS incidence.

This systematic review summarizes the evidence on associations between physical and psychosocial work-related exposures and the development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Relevant databases were searched up to January 2020 for cohort studies reporting associations between work-related physical or psychosocial risk factors and the incidence of CTS. Two independent reviewers selected eligible studies, extracted relevant data, and assessed risk of bias (RoB). We identified fourteen articles for inclusion which reported data from nine cohort studies. Eight reported associations between physical exposure and the incidence of CTS and five reported associations between psychosocial exposures and the incidence of CTS. Quality items were generally rated as unclear or low RoB. Work-related physical exposure factors including high levels of repetition, velocity, and a combination of multiple physical exposures were associated with an increased risk of developing CTS. No other consistent associations were observed for physical or psychosocial exposures at work and CTS incidence.

ObjectiveOccupational health (OH) documentation has traditionally been separate from health system electronic health records (EHRs), but this can create patient safety and care continuity challenges. Herein, we describe outcomes and challenges of such integration including how one health system managed compliance with laws, regulations, and ethical principles concerning digital privacy.MethodsOccupational health integration with the enterprise EHR at the University of California San Diego Health was started in June 2021 and completed in December 2021.ResultsIntegrating with the enterprise EHR allowed for a secure telehealth system, faster visit times, digitization of questionnaires medical clearance forms, and improved reporting capabilities.ConclusionsIntegration and interoperability are fundamental building blocks to any OH EHR solution and will allow for evaluation of worker population trends, and targeted interventions to improve worker health status.

Introduction: Work-related psychosocial risks have been identified as significant occupational health and safety risks; the occupational physicians must assess and monitor the health status of workers in order to verify that work is not a source of harm to exposed operators. The aim of the study was to investigate the outcomes related to anxiety and depression traits in workers exposed to stress-related work. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to a large population of Italian public administration workers; the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale questionnaire was used to measure depression, the Self rating Anxiety Scale was used to measure anxiety, the UK Management Standards Indicator tool questionnaire was used to assess work adjustment. A descriptive analysis, a multivariate analysis, as well as logistic regression models were used to assess the health outcomes related to stress. Results: A total of 292 workers participated in the study; 100% of participants had a Centre for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale score over the cut-off; 41.78% had a Self rating Anxiety Scale score over the cut-off; the results support a correlation between the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale results and the UK Management Standards Indicator tool results; and a correlation between Self-rating Anxiety Scale results and the UK Management Standards Indicator tool results. Conclusions: The Demand, Management, Support and Relationship results were associated with mental health outcomes, and it could be a useful tool in occupational medicine, to identify workers at risk for negative mental health outcomes, becoming an essential tool in workers' health assessment and for prevention of mental health disorders.

BackgroundMany workers seek care for work-related medical conditions in primary care settings. Additionally, occupational medicine training is not consistently addressed in primary care professional training. These patterns raise concerns about the health outcomes of low-wage Latina/o immigrant workers who make use of primary care settings to obtain care for work-related injuries and illnesses. The objective of this qualitative study was to investigate how primary care clinicians assessed and addressed the role of occupational exposures on the health and well-being of Latina/o immigrant workers.MethodsWe conducted semistructured in-depth interviews with 17 primary care clinicians (physicians, resident physicians, and nurse practitioners) employed in an urban federally qualified health center (FQHC) with two sites located in Orange County, CA.ResultsUsing a constructivist grounded theory approach, we determined that primary care clinicians had a general understanding that employment influenced the health and well-being of their Latina/o immigrant patients. Clinicians delivered care to Latina/o immigrant workers who feared reporting their injury to their employer and to Latina/o immigrants whose workers' compensation claim was terminated before making a full recovery. Clinicians were responsive to patients' work-related concerns and leveraged the resources available within the FQHC. Although some clinicians offered suggestions to improve occupational health in the FQHC, a few clinicians raised concerns about the feasibility of additional health screenings and clinic-based interventions, and pointed to the importance of interventions outside of the healthcare system.ConclusionThis study underscores the complexities of addressing occupational health concerns in urban FQHCs.

BackgroundMany workers seek care for work-related medical conditions in primary care settings. Additionally, occupational medicine training is not consistently addressed in primary care professional training. These patterns raise concerns about the health outcomes of low-wage Latina/o immigrant workers who make use of primary care settings to obtain care for work-related injuries and illnesses. The objective of this qualitative study was to investigate how primary care clinicians assessed and addressed the role of occupational exposures on the health and well-being of Latina/o immigrant workers.MethodsWe conducted semistructured in-depth interviews with 17 primary care clinicians (physicians, resident physicians, and nurse practitioners) employed in an urban federally qualified health center (FQHC) with two sites located in Orange County, CA.ResultsUsing a constructivist grounded theory approach, we determined that primary care clinicians had a general understanding that employment influenced the health and well-being of their Latina/o immigrant patients. Clinicians delivered care to Latina/o immigrant workers who feared reporting their injury to their employer and to Latina/o immigrants whose workers' compensation claim was terminated before making a full recovery. Clinicians were responsive to patients' work-related concerns and leveraged the resources available within the FQHC. Although some clinicians offered suggestions to improve occupational health in the FQHC, a few clinicians raised concerns about the feasibility of additional health screenings and clinic-based interventions, and pointed to the importance of interventions outside of the healthcare system.ConclusionThis study underscores the complexities of addressing occupational health concerns in urban FQHCs.

Objective: To analyze the perception of the mental load caused by their work in the administrative staff of a tuna company, through the application of the ESCAM (Subjective Scale of Mental Work Load) questionnaire.Methods: This research was of a qualitative nature, a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional observational design was applied, carried out on the administrative staff of the tuna company, the inclusion criteria were belonging to the list of admin-istrative workers who work in the headquarters building of the Manta city, patients of both sexes and those who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study; excluding people who work in agencies located in other cities of the country. The total population studied was 64 workers.Results: The first dimension had a mean of 3.78. The second dimension revealed a mean of 3.68. The third dimension had a mean of 2.58. The fourth dimension revealed an average of 2.75 and the fifth dimension called Consequences of health, showed an average of 3.11, so there was an average of 3.18 mental workload. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the full scale is 0.77, which means that our instrument was of excellent reliability.Conclusion: ESCAM is a reliable, valid and adequate instrument for the subjective evaluation of mental load, workers per-ceive having many interruptions and distractions in the performance of their tasks. In addition, they perceive that they must make a great effort at a cognitive level to carry out their job.Keywords: Mental Workload, ESCAM Questionnaire, Subjective Scale, Occupational Medicine, Administrative Staff., Objetivo: Analizar la percepción sobre la carga mental que provoca su trabajo en el personal administrativo de una em-presa atunera, mediante la aplicación de cuestionario ESCAM (Escala Subjetiva de Carga Mental de Trabajo).Métodos: Esta investigación fue de carácter cualitativo, se aplicó un diseño observacional prospectivo, descriptivo, de corte trasversal, realizado en el personal administrativo de empresa atunera, los criterios de inclusión fueron pertenecer a la nómina de trabajadores administrativos que labore en edificio matriz de la ciudad de Manta, pacientes de ambos sexos y quienes aceptaron voluntariamente participar del estudio; excluyendo a las personas que laboran en agencias localizadas en otras ciudades del país. El total de población estudiada fue de 64 trabajadores. Resultados: La primera dimensión tuvo una media de 3,78. La segunda dimensión reveló una media de 3,68. La tercera dimensión tuvo una media de 2,58. La cuarta dimensión reveló una media de 2,75 y la quinta dimensión denominada Consecuencias de la salud, manifestó una media de 3,11 por lo que se tuvo un promedio de 3,18 de carga mental de trabajo. El coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach para el total de la escala es 0.77 que significa que nuestro instrumento fue de excelente confiabilidad. Conclusión: ESCAM es un instrumento fiable, válido y adecuado para la evaluación subjetiva de la carga mental, los tra-bajadores perciben tener muchas interrupciones y distracciones en el desempeño de sus tareas. Además, perciben que deben realizar un gran esfuerzo a nivel cognitivo para desempeñar su puesto de trabajo. Palabras clave: Carga Mental de Trabajo, Cuestionario ESCAM, Escala Subjetiva, Medicina del Trabajo, Personal Administrativo.

Objective: To analyze the perception of the mental load caused by their work in the administrative staff of a tuna company, through the application of the ESCAM (Subjective Scale of Mental Work Load) questionnaire.Methods: This research was of a qualitative nature, a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional observational design was applied, carried out on the administrative staff of the tuna company, the inclusion criteria were belonging to the list of admin-istrative workers who work in the headquarters building of the Manta city, patients of both sexes and those who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study; excluding people who work in agencies located in other cities of the country. The total population studied was 64 workers.Results: The first dimension had a mean of 3.78. The second dimension revealed a mean of 3.68. The third dimension had a mean of 2.58. The fourth dimension revealed an average of 2.75 and the fifth dimension called Consequences of health, showed an average of 3.11, so there was an average of 3.18 mental workload. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the full scale is 0.77, which means that our instrument was of excellent reliability.Conclusion: ESCAM is a reliable, valid and adequate instrument for the subjective evaluation of mental load, workers per-ceive having many interruptions and distractions in the performance of their tasks. In addition, they perceive that they must make a great effort at a cognitive level to carry out their job.Keywords: Mental Workload, ESCAM Questionnaire, Subjective Scale, Occupational Medicine, Administrative Staff., Objetivo: Analizar la percepción sobre la carga mental que provoca su trabajo en el personal administrativo de una em-presa atunera, mediante la aplicación de cuestionario ESCAM (Escala Subjetiva de Carga Mental de Trabajo).Métodos: Esta investigación fue de carácter cualitativo, se aplicó un diseño observacional prospectivo, descriptivo, de corte trasversal, realizado en el personal administrativo de empresa atunera, los criterios de inclusión fueron pertenecer a la nómina de trabajadores administrativos que labore en edificio matriz de la ciudad de Manta, pacientes de ambos sexos y quienes aceptaron voluntariamente participar del estudio; excluyendo a las personas que laboran en agencias localizadas en otras ciudades del país. El total de población estudiada fue de 64 trabajadores. Resultados: La primera dimensión tuvo una media de 3,78. La segunda dimensión reveló una media de 3,68. La tercera dimensión tuvo una media de 2,58. La cuarta dimensión reveló una media de 2,75 y la quinta dimensión denominada Consecuencias de la salud, manifestó una media de 3,11 por lo que se tuvo un promedio de 3,18 de carga mental de trabajo. El coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach para el total de la escala es 0.77 que significa que nuestro instrumento fue de excelente confiabilidad. Conclusión: ESCAM es un instrumento fiable, válido y adecuado para la evaluación subjetiva de la carga mental, los tra-bajadores perciben tener muchas interrupciones y distracciones en el desempeño de sus tareas. Además, perciben que deben realizar un gran esfuerzo a nivel cognitivo para desempeñar su puesto de trabajo. Palabras clave: Carga Mental de Trabajo, Cuestionario ESCAM, Escala Subjetiva, Medicina del Trabajo, Personal Administrativo.

Objective: To analyze the perception of the mental load caused by their work in the administrative staff of a tuna company, through the application of the ESCAM (Subjective Scale of Mental Work Load) questionnaire.Methods: This research was of a qualitative nature, a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional observational design was applied, carried out on the administrative staff of the tuna company, the inclusion criteria were belonging to the list of admin-istrative workers who work in the headquarters building of the Manta city, patients of both sexes and those who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study; excluding people who work in agencies located in other cities of the country. The total population studied was 64 workers.Results: The first dimension had a mean of 3.78. The second dimension revealed a mean of 3.68. The third dimension had a mean of 2.58. The fourth dimension revealed an average of 2.75 and the fifth dimension called Consequences of health, showed an average of 3.11, so there was an average of 3.18 mental workload. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the full scale is 0.77, which means that our instrument was of excellent reliability.Conclusion: ESCAM is a reliable, valid and adequate instrument for the subjective evaluation of mental load, workers per-ceive having many interruptions and distractions in the performance of their tasks. In addition, they perceive that they must make a great effort at a cognitive level to carry out their job.Keywords: Mental Workload, ESCAM Questionnaire, Subjective Scale, Occupational Medicine, Administrative Staff., Objetivo: Analizar la percepción sobre la carga mental que provoca su trabajo en el personal administrativo de una em-presa atunera, mediante la aplicación de cuestionario ESCAM (Escala Subjetiva de Carga Mental de Trabajo).Métodos: Esta investigación fue de carácter cualitativo, se aplicó un diseño observacional prospectivo, descriptivo, de corte trasversal, realizado en el personal administrativo de empresa atunera, los criterios de inclusión fueron pertenecer a la nómina de trabajadores administrativos que labore en edificio matriz de la ciudad de Manta, pacientes de ambos sexos y quienes aceptaron voluntariamente participar del estudio; excluyendo a las personas que laboran en agencias localizadas en otras ciudades del país. El total de población estudiada fue de 64 trabajadores. Resultados: La primera dimensión tuvo una media de 3,78. La segunda dimensión reveló una media de 3,68. La tercera dimensión tuvo una media de 2,58. La cuarta dimensión reveló una media de 2,75 y la quinta dimensión denominada Consecuencias de la salud, manifestó una media de 3,11 por lo que se tuvo un promedio de 3,18 de carga mental de trabajo. El coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach para el total de la escala es 0.77 que significa que nuestro instrumento fue de excelente confiabilidad. Conclusión: ESCAM es un instrumento fiable, válido y adecuado para la evaluación subjetiva de la carga mental, los tra-bajadores perciben tener muchas interrupciones y distracciones en el desempeño de sus tareas. Además, perciben que deben realizar un gran esfuerzo a nivel cognitivo para desempeñar su puesto de trabajo. Palabras clave: Carga Mental de Trabajo, Cuestionario ESCAM, Escala Subjetiva, Medicina del Trabajo, Personal Administrativo.

Objective: To analyze the perception of the mental load caused by their work in the administrative staff of a tuna company, through the application of the ESCAM (Subjective Scale of Mental Work Load) questionnaire.Methods: This research was of a qualitative nature, a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional observational design was applied, carried out on the administrative staff of the tuna company, the inclusion criteria were belonging to the list of admin-istrative workers who work in the headquarters building of the Manta city, patients of both sexes and those who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study; excluding people who work in agencies located in other cities of the country. The total population studied was 64 workers.Results: The first dimension had a mean of 3.78. The second dimension revealed a mean of 3.68. The third dimension had a mean of 2.58. The fourth dimension revealed an average of 2.75 and the fifth dimension called Consequences of health, showed an average of 3.11, so there was an average of 3.18 mental workload. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the full scale is 0.77, which means that our instrument was of excellent reliability.Conclusion: ESCAM is a reliable, valid and adequate instrument for the subjective evaluation of mental load, workers per-ceive having many interruptions and distractions in the performance of their tasks. In addition, they perceive that they must make a great effort at a cognitive level to carry out their job.Keywords: Mental Workload, ESCAM Questionnaire, Subjective Scale, Occupational Medicine, Administrative Staff., Objetivo: Analizar la percepción sobre la carga mental que provoca su trabajo en el personal administrativo de una em-presa atunera, mediante la aplicación de cuestionario ESCAM (Escala Subjetiva de Carga Mental de Trabajo).Métodos: Esta investigación fue de carácter cualitativo, se aplicó un diseño observacional prospectivo, descriptivo, de corte trasversal, realizado en el personal administrativo de empresa atunera, los criterios de inclusión fueron pertenecer a la nómina de trabajadores administrativos que labore en edificio matriz de la ciudad de Manta, pacientes de ambos sexos y quienes aceptaron voluntariamente participar del estudio; excluyendo a las personas que laboran en agencias localizadas en otras ciudades del país. El total de población estudiada fue de 64 trabajadores. Resultados: La primera dimensión tuvo una media de 3,78. La segunda dimensión reveló una media de 3,68. La tercera dimensión tuvo una media de 2,58. La cuarta dimensión reveló una media de 2,75 y la quinta dimensión denominada Consecuencias de la salud, manifestó una media de 3,11 por lo que se tuvo un promedio de 3,18 de carga mental de trabajo. El coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach para el total de la escala es 0.77 que significa que nuestro instrumento fue de excelente confiabilidad. Conclusión: ESCAM es un instrumento fiable, válido y adecuado para la evaluación subjetiva de la carga mental, los tra-bajadores perciben tener muchas interrupciones y distracciones en el desempeño de sus tareas. Además, perciben que deben realizar un gran esfuerzo a nivel cognitivo para desempeñar su puesto de trabajo. Palabras clave: Carga Mental de Trabajo, Cuestionario ESCAM, Escala Subjetiva, Medicina del Trabajo, Personal Administrativo.

Objective: To analyze the perception of the mental load caused by their work in the administrative staff of a tuna company, through the application of the ESCAM (Subjective Scale of Mental Work Load) questionnaire.Methods: This research was of a qualitative nature, a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional observational design was applied, carried out on the administrative staff of the tuna company, the inclusion criteria were belonging to the list of admin-istrative workers who work in the headquarters building of the Manta city, patients of both sexes and those who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study; excluding people who work in agencies located in other cities of the country. The total population studied was 64 workers.Results: The first dimension had a mean of 3.78. The second dimension revealed a mean of 3.68. The third dimension had a mean of 2.58. The fourth dimension revealed an average of 2.75 and the fifth dimension called Consequences of health, showed an average of 3.11, so there was an average of 3.18 mental workload. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the full scale is 0.77, which means that our instrument was of excellent reliability.Conclusion: ESCAM is a reliable, valid and adequate instrument for the subjective evaluation of mental load, workers per-ceive having many interruptions and distractions in the performance of their tasks. In addition, they perceive that they must make a great effort at a cognitive level to carry out their job.Keywords: Mental Workload, ESCAM Questionnaire, Subjective Scale, Occupational Medicine, Administrative Staff., Objetivo: Analizar la percepción sobre la carga mental que provoca su trabajo en el personal administrativo de una em-presa atunera, mediante la aplicación de cuestionario ESCAM (Escala Subjetiva de Carga Mental de Trabajo).Métodos: Esta investigación fue de carácter cualitativo, se aplicó un diseño observacional prospectivo, descriptivo, de corte trasversal, realizado en el personal administrativo de empresa atunera, los criterios de inclusión fueron pertenecer a la nómina de trabajadores administrativos que labore en edificio matriz de la ciudad de Manta, pacientes de ambos sexos y quienes aceptaron voluntariamente participar del estudio; excluyendo a las personas que laboran en agencias localizadas en otras ciudades del país. El total de población estudiada fue de 64 trabajadores. Resultados: La primera dimensión tuvo una media de 3,78. La segunda dimensión reveló una media de 3,68. La tercera dimensión tuvo una media de 2,58. La cuarta dimensión reveló una media de 2,75 y la quinta dimensión denominada Consecuencias de la salud, manifestó una media de 3,11 por lo que se tuvo un promedio de 3,18 de carga mental de trabajo. El coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach para el total de la escala es 0.77 que significa que nuestro instrumento fue de excelente confiabilidad. Conclusión: ESCAM es un instrumento fiable, válido y adecuado para la evaluación subjetiva de la carga mental, los tra-bajadores perciben tener muchas interrupciones y distracciones en el desempeño de sus tareas. Además, perciben que deben realizar un gran esfuerzo a nivel cognitivo para desempeñar su puesto de trabajo. Palabras clave: Carga Mental de Trabajo, Cuestionario ESCAM, Escala Subjetiva, Medicina del Trabajo, Personal Administrativo.

Objective: To analyze the perception of the mental load caused by their work in the administrative staff of a tuna company, through the application of the ESCAM (Subjective Scale of Mental Work Load) questionnaire.Methods: This research was of a qualitative nature, a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional observational design was applied, carried out on the administrative staff of the tuna company, the inclusion criteria were belonging to the list of admin-istrative workers who work in the headquarters building of the Manta city, patients of both sexes and those who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study; excluding people who work in agencies located in other cities of the country. The total population studied was 64 workers.Results: The first dimension had a mean of 3.78. The second dimension revealed a mean of 3.68. The third dimension had a mean of 2.58. The fourth dimension revealed an average of 2.75 and the fifth dimension called Consequences of health, showed an average of 3.11, so there was an average of 3.18 mental workload. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the full scale is 0.77, which means that our instrument was of excellent reliability.Conclusion: ESCAM is a reliable, valid and adequate instrument for the subjective evaluation of mental load, workers per-ceive having many interruptions and distractions in the performance of their tasks. In addition, they perceive that they must make a great effort at a cognitive level to carry out their job.Keywords: Mental Workload, ESCAM Questionnaire, Subjective Scale, Occupational Medicine, Administrative Staff., Objetivo: Analizar la percepción sobre la carga mental que provoca su trabajo en el personal administrativo de una em-presa atunera, mediante la aplicación de cuestionario ESCAM (Escala Subjetiva de Carga Mental de Trabajo).Métodos: Esta investigación fue de carácter cualitativo, se aplicó un diseño observacional prospectivo, descriptivo, de corte trasversal, realizado en el personal administrativo de empresa atunera, los criterios de inclusión fueron pertenecer a la nómina de trabajadores administrativos que labore en edificio matriz de la ciudad de Manta, pacientes de ambos sexos y quienes aceptaron voluntariamente participar del estudio; excluyendo a las personas que laboran en agencias localizadas en otras ciudades del país. El total de población estudiada fue de 64 trabajadores. Resultados: La primera dimensión tuvo una media de 3,78. La segunda dimensión reveló una media de 3,68. La tercera dimensión tuvo una media de 2,58. La cuarta dimensión reveló una media de 2,75 y la quinta dimensión denominada Consecuencias de la salud, manifestó una media de 3,11 por lo que se tuvo un promedio de 3,18 de carga mental de trabajo. El coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach para el total de la escala es 0.77 que significa que nuestro instrumento fue de excelente confiabilidad. Conclusión: ESCAM es un instrumento fiable, válido y adecuado para la evaluación subjetiva de la carga mental, los tra-bajadores perciben tener muchas interrupciones y distracciones en el desempeño de sus tareas. Además, perciben que deben realizar un gran esfuerzo a nivel cognitivo para desempeñar su puesto de trabajo. Palabras clave: Carga Mental de Trabajo, Cuestionario ESCAM, Escala Subjetiva, Medicina del Trabajo, Personal Administrativo.

Objective: To analyze the perception of the mental load caused by their work in the administrative staff of a tuna company, through the application of the ESCAM (Subjective Scale of Mental Work Load) questionnaire.Methods: This research was of a qualitative nature, a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional observational design was applied, carried out on the administrative staff of the tuna company, the inclusion criteria were belonging to the list of admin-istrative workers who work in the headquarters building of the Manta city, patients of both sexes and those who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study; excluding people who work in agencies located in other cities of the country. The total population studied was 64 workers.Results: The first dimension had a mean of 3.78. The second dimension revealed a mean of 3.68. The third dimension had a mean of 2.58. The fourth dimension revealed an average of 2.75 and the fifth dimension called Consequences of health, showed an average of 3.11, so there was an average of 3.18 mental workload. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the full scale is 0.77, which means that our instrument was of excellent reliability.Conclusion: ESCAM is a reliable, valid and adequate instrument for the subjective evaluation of mental load, workers per-ceive having many interruptions and distractions in the performance of their tasks. In addition, they perceive that they must make a great effort at a cognitive level to carry out their job.Keywords: Mental Workload, ESCAM Questionnaire, Subjective Scale, Occupational Medicine, Administrative Staff., Objetivo: Analizar la percepción sobre la carga mental que provoca su trabajo en el personal administrativo de una em-presa atunera, mediante la aplicación de cuestionario ESCAM (Escala Subjetiva de Carga Mental de Trabajo).Métodos: Esta investigación fue de carácter cualitativo, se aplicó un diseño observacional prospectivo, descriptivo, de corte trasversal, realizado en el personal administrativo de empresa atunera, los criterios de inclusión fueron pertenecer a la nómina de trabajadores administrativos que labore en edificio matriz de la ciudad de Manta, pacientes de ambos sexos y quienes aceptaron voluntariamente participar del estudio; excluyendo a las personas que laboran en agencias localizadas en otras ciudades del país. El total de población estudiada fue de 64 trabajadores. Resultados: La primera dimensión tuvo una media de 3,78. La segunda dimensión reveló una media de 3,68. La tercera dimensión tuvo una media de 2,58. La cuarta dimensión reveló una media de 2,75 y la quinta dimensión denominada Consecuencias de la salud, manifestó una media de 3,11 por lo que se tuvo un promedio de 3,18 de carga mental de trabajo. El coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach para el total de la escala es 0.77 que significa que nuestro instrumento fue de excelente confiabilidad. Conclusión: ESCAM es un instrumento fiable, válido y adecuado para la evaluación subjetiva de la carga mental, los tra-bajadores perciben tener muchas interrupciones y distracciones en el desempeño de sus tareas. Además, perciben que deben realizar un gran esfuerzo a nivel cognitivo para desempeñar su puesto de trabajo. Palabras clave: Carga Mental de Trabajo, Cuestionario ESCAM, Escala Subjetiva, Medicina del Trabajo, Personal Administrativo.

Introduction: Sitting and standing workstations can affect individual's health outcomes differently. This study aimed to assess the effects of sit and stand workstations on energy expenditure and some blood parameters, musculoskeletal symptom/pain and discomfort, fatigue, and productivity among workers of assembly line of a belt factory. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 47 male assembly line workers (24 workers in sitting workstation and 23 workers in standing workstation) with at least one year of working experience. Data were gathered via demographic/occupational characteristics, Fitbit system, medical records, Persian version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (P-NMQ), Persian version of the Numeric Rating Scale (P-NRS), Persian version of the Swedish Occupational Fatigue (P-SOFI), and Persian version of the Health and Work Questionnaire (P-HWQ). Results: The findings of the present study revealed that the energy expenditure, blood glucose/triglyceride there are not statistically differences between in sitting and standing groups. In addition, the prevalence of the MSs in the neck, lower back, knees, and ankles/feet in standing group was significantly higher than the sitting group. Generally, occupational fatigue was higher among the standing group compared to sitting group. About productivity, the ‘concentration/focus’ and ‘impatience/irritability’ subscales in sitting group were higher than the standing group. Contrariwise, other subscales of the productivity, including ‘productivity’, ‘supervisor relations’, ‘non-work satisfaction’, ‘work satisfaction’ in the standing group were higher than the sitting group. Conclusions: To reduce the adverse effects of sitting and standing workstations on individual's health outcomes, planning to use sit-stand workstations is recommended. &nbsp

Objective: To analyze the perception of the mental load caused by their work in the administrative staff of a tuna company, through the application of the ESCAM (Subjective Scale of Mental Work Load) questionnaire.Methods: This research was of a qualitative nature, a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional observational design was applied, carried out on the administrative staff of the tuna company, the inclusion criteria were belonging to the list of admin-istrative workers who work in the headquarters building of the Manta city, patients of both sexes and those who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study; excluding people who work in agencies located in other cities of the country. The total population studied was 64 workers.Results: The first dimension had a mean of 3.78. The second dimension revealed a mean of 3.68. The third dimension had a mean of 2.58. The fourth dimension revealed an average of 2.75 and the fifth dimension called Consequences of health, showed an average of 3.11, so there was an average of 3.18 mental workload. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the full scale is 0.77, which means that our instrument was of excellent reliability.Conclusion: ESCAM is a reliable, valid and adequate instrument for the subjective evaluation of mental load, workers per-ceive having many interruptions and distractions in the performance of their tasks. In addition, they perceive that they must make a great effort at a cognitive level to carry out their job.Keywords: Mental Workload, ESCAM Questionnaire, Subjective Scale, Occupational Medicine, Administrative Staff., Objetivo: Analizar la percepción sobre la carga mental que provoca su trabajo en el personal administrativo de una em-presa atunera, mediante la aplicación de cuestionario ESCAM (Escala Subjetiva de Carga Mental de Trabajo).Métodos: Esta investigación fue de carácter cualitativo, se aplicó un diseño observacional prospectivo, descriptivo, de corte trasversal, realizado en el personal administrativo de empresa atunera, los criterios de inclusión fueron pertenecer a la nómina de trabajadores administrativos que labore en edificio matriz de la ciudad de Manta, pacientes de ambos sexos y quienes aceptaron voluntariamente participar del estudio; excluyendo a las personas que laboran en agencias localizadas en otras ciudades del país. El total de población estudiada fue de 64 trabajadores. Resultados: La primera dimensión tuvo una media de 3,78. La segunda dimensión reveló una media de 3,68. La tercera dimensión tuvo una media de 2,58. La cuarta dimensión reveló una media de 2,75 y la quinta dimensión denominada Consecuencias de la salud, manifestó una media de 3,11 por lo que se tuvo un promedio de 3,18 de carga mental de trabajo. El coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach para el total de la escala es 0.77 que significa que nuestro instrumento fue de excelente confiabilidad. Conclusión: ESCAM es un instrumento fiable, válido y adecuado para la evaluación subjetiva de la carga mental, los tra-bajadores perciben tener muchas interrupciones y distracciones en el desempeño de sus tareas. Además, perciben que deben realizar un gran esfuerzo a nivel cognitivo para desempeñar su puesto de trabajo. Palabras clave: Carga Mental de Trabajo, Cuestionario ESCAM, Escala Subjetiva, Medicina del Trabajo, Personal Administrativo.

Objective: To analyze the perception of the mental load caused by their work in the administrative staff of a tuna company, through the application of the ESCAM (Subjective Scale of Mental Work Load) questionnaire.Methods: This research was of a qualitative nature, a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional observational design was applied, carried out on the administrative staff of the tuna company, the inclusion criteria were belonging to the list of admin-istrative workers who work in the headquarters building of the Manta city, patients of both sexes and those who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study; excluding people who work in agencies located in other cities of the country. The total population studied was 64 workers.Results: The first dimension had a mean of 3.78. The second dimension revealed a mean of 3.68. The third dimension had a mean of 2.58. The fourth dimension revealed an average of 2.75 and the fifth dimension called Consequences of health, showed an average of 3.11, so there was an average of 3.18 mental workload. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the full scale is 0.77, which means that our instrument was of excellent reliability.Conclusion: ESCAM is a reliable, valid and adequate instrument for the subjective evaluation of mental load, workers per-ceive having many interruptions and distractions in the performance of their tasks. In addition, they perceive that they must make a great effort at a cognitive level to carry out their job.Keywords: Mental Workload, ESCAM Questionnaire, Subjective Scale, Occupational Medicine, Administrative Staff., Objetivo: Analizar la percepción sobre la carga mental que provoca su trabajo en el personal administrativo de una em-presa atunera, mediante la aplicación de cuestionario ESCAM (Escala Subjetiva de Carga Mental de Trabajo).Métodos: Esta investigación fue de carácter cualitativo, se aplicó un diseño observacional prospectivo, descriptivo, de corte trasversal, realizado en el personal administrativo de empresa atunera, los criterios de inclusión fueron pertenecer a la nómina de trabajadores administrativos que labore en edificio matriz de la ciudad de Manta, pacientes de ambos sexos y quienes aceptaron voluntariamente participar del estudio; excluyendo a las personas que laboran en agencias localizadas en otras ciudades del país. El total de población estudiada fue de 64 trabajadores. Resultados: La primera dimensión tuvo una media de 3,78. La segunda dimensión reveló una media de 3,68. La tercera dimensión tuvo una media de 2,58. La cuarta dimensión reveló una media de 2,75 y la quinta dimensión denominada Consecuencias de la salud, manifestó una media de 3,11 por lo que se tuvo un promedio de 3,18 de carga mental de trabajo. El coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach para el total de la escala es 0.77 que significa que nuestro instrumento fue de excelente confiabilidad. Conclusión: ESCAM es un instrumento fiable, válido y adecuado para la evaluación subjetiva de la carga mental, los tra-bajadores perciben tener muchas interrupciones y distracciones en el desempeño de sus tareas. Además, perciben que deben realizar un gran esfuerzo a nivel cognitivo para desempeñar su puesto de trabajo. Palabras clave: Carga Mental de Trabajo, Cuestionario ESCAM, Escala Subjetiva, Medicina del Trabajo, Personal Administrativo.

Objective: To analyze the perception of the mental load caused by their work in the administrative staff of a tuna company, through the application of the ESCAM (Subjective Scale of Mental Work Load) questionnaire.Methods: This research was of a qualitative nature, a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional observational design was applied, carried out on the administrative staff of the tuna company, the inclusion criteria were belonging to the list of admin-istrative workers who work in the headquarters building of the Manta city, patients of both sexes and those who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study; excluding people who work in agencies located in other cities of the country. The total population studied was 64 workers.Results: The first dimension had a mean of 3.78. The second dimension revealed a mean of 3.68. The third dimension had a mean of 2.58. The fourth dimension revealed an average of 2.75 and the fifth dimension called Consequences of health, showed an average of 3.11, so there was an average of 3.18 mental workload. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the full scale is 0.77, which means that our instrument was of excellent reliability.Conclusion: ESCAM is a reliable, valid and adequate instrument for the subjective evaluation of mental load, workers per-ceive having many interruptions and distractions in the performance of their tasks. In addition, they perceive that they must make a great effort at a cognitive level to carry out their job.Keywords: Mental Workload, ESCAM Questionnaire, Subjective Scale, Occupational Medicine, Administrative Staff., Objetivo: Analizar la percepción sobre la carga mental que provoca su trabajo en el personal administrativo de una em-presa atunera, mediante la aplicación de cuestionario ESCAM (Escala Subjetiva de Carga Mental de Trabajo).Métodos: Esta investigación fue de carácter cualitativo, se aplicó un diseño observacional prospectivo, descriptivo, de corte trasversal, realizado en el personal administrativo de empresa atunera, los criterios de inclusión fueron pertenecer a la nómina de trabajadores administrativos que labore en edificio matriz de la ciudad de Manta, pacientes de ambos sexos y quienes aceptaron voluntariamente participar del estudio; excluyendo a las personas que laboran en agencias localizadas en otras ciudades del país. El total de población estudiada fue de 64 trabajadores. Resultados: La primera dimensión tuvo una media de 3,78. La segunda dimensión reveló una media de 3,68. La tercera dimensión tuvo una media de 2,58. La cuarta dimensión reveló una media de 2,75 y la quinta dimensión denominada Consecuencias de la salud, manifestó una media de 3,11 por lo que se tuvo un promedio de 3,18 de carga mental de trabajo. El coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach para el total de la escala es 0.77 que significa que nuestro instrumento fue de excelente confiabilidad. Conclusión: ESCAM es un instrumento fiable, válido y adecuado para la evaluación subjetiva de la carga mental, los tra-bajadores perciben tener muchas interrupciones y distracciones en el desempeño de sus tareas. Además, perciben que deben realizar un gran esfuerzo a nivel cognitivo para desempeñar su puesto de trabajo. Palabras clave: Carga Mental de Trabajo, Cuestionario ESCAM, Escala Subjetiva, Medicina del Trabajo, Personal Administrativo.

Objective: To analyze the perception of the mental load caused by their work in the administrative staff of a tuna company, through the application of the ESCAM (Subjective Scale of Mental Work Load) questionnaire.Methods: This research was of a qualitative nature, a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional observational design was applied, carried out on the administrative staff of the tuna company, the inclusion criteria were belonging to the list of admin-istrative workers who work in the headquarters building of the Manta city, patients of both sexes and those who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study; excluding people who work in agencies located in other cities of the country. The total population studied was 64 workers.Results: The first dimension had a mean of 3.78. The second dimension revealed a mean of 3.68. The third dimension had a mean of 2.58. The fourth dimension revealed an average of 2.75 and the fifth dimension called Consequences of health, showed an average of 3.11, so there was an average of 3.18 mental workload. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the full scale is 0.77, which means that our instrument was of excellent reliability.Conclusion: ESCAM is a reliable, valid and adequate instrument for the subjective evaluation of mental load, workers per-ceive having many interruptions and distractions in the performance of their tasks. In addition, they perceive that they must make a great effort at a cognitive level to carry out their job.Keywords: Mental Workload, ESCAM Questionnaire, Subjective Scale, Occupational Medicine, Administrative Staff., Objetivo: Analizar la percepción sobre la carga mental que provoca su trabajo en el personal administrativo de una em-presa atunera, mediante la aplicación de cuestionario ESCAM (Escala Subjetiva de Carga Mental de Trabajo).Métodos: Esta investigación fue de carácter cualitativo, se aplicó un diseño observacional prospectivo, descriptivo, de corte trasversal, realizado en el personal administrativo de empresa atunera, los criterios de inclusión fueron pertenecer a la nómina de trabajadores administrativos que labore en edificio matriz de la ciudad de Manta, pacientes de ambos sexos y quienes aceptaron voluntariamente participar del estudio; excluyendo a las personas que laboran en agencias localizadas en otras ciudades del país. El total de población estudiada fue de 64 trabajadores. Resultados: La primera dimensión tuvo una media de 3,78. La segunda dimensión reveló una media de 3,68. La tercera dimensión tuvo una media de 2,58. La cuarta dimensión reveló una media de 2,75 y la quinta dimensión denominada Consecuencias de la salud, manifestó una media de 3,11 por lo que se tuvo un promedio de 3,18 de carga mental de trabajo. El coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach para el total de la escala es 0.77 que significa que nuestro instrumento fue de excelente confiabilidad. Conclusión: ESCAM es un instrumento fiable, válido y adecuado para la evaluación subjetiva de la carga mental, los tra-bajadores perciben tener muchas interrupciones y distracciones en el desempeño de sus tareas. Además, perciben que deben realizar un gran esfuerzo a nivel cognitivo para desempeñar su puesto de trabajo. Palabras clave: Carga Mental de Trabajo, Cuestionario ESCAM, Escala Subjetiva, Medicina del Trabajo, Personal Administrativo.

Non-specific building-related symptoms (NBRSs) describe various symptoms in those affected. Questionnaires are the first step in investigating suspected NBRSs in office environments and have been used for over two decades. However, changes in reporting of symptoms among office workers over time are currently unknown. The overall aim was thus to investigate if reported symptoms and perceived causality to the office environment have changed during 25 years of using the MM 040 NA Office questionnaire. A cross-sectional study of 26,477 questionnaires from 1995-2020 was conducted, where 12 symptoms and perceived causality to office environment were examined using logistic regression analyses of 5-year groups adjusted for sex and atopy. Reporting trends in the year groups varied slightly among symptoms, but eight symptoms were statistically significant in the 2015-2020 group compared to the 1995-1999 group. Seven symptoms had increased: fatigue, heavy-feeling head, headache, difficulties concentrating, itchy/irritated eyes, congested/runny nose, and dry/red hands. One symptom decreased: hoarseness/dry throat. Perceived causality of symptoms to the office environment decreased to a statistically significant degree in 2015-2020 for 11 symptoms, and there was an overall trend of decreasing perceived causality throughout the year groups for most symptoms. The observed time trends suggest a need for up-to-date reference data, to keep up with changes in symptom reporting in office environments over time.

Background: Alcohol use is an ever-growing phenomenon in the population, consumption data indicate that 5-20% of the European working population have serious problems related to alcohol. The use of alcohol constitutes a risk to the health and safety of workers as well as to the safety of the general population. The present work aims to address the problem of alcohol intake in occupational settings by comparatively analyzing alcohol consumption behavior within the 27 countries of the European Union. Methods: The purpose of this research is to analyze the differences between the 27 countries of the European Union in the application of measures to assess and manage the risk of alcohol intake in occupational settings. Results: An examination of the legislation and guidelines of the different countries reveals profound differences in the management of the problem of alcohol in the workplace. The discrepancy is very wide that it ranges from the complete absence of legislative restrictions on a national level in some countries to highly restrictive measures with severe sanctions in others. Conclusions: It would be appropriate-also for the purpose of ease of movement of workers within the European Community-to find shared management models useful for protecting the health and safety of workers and the general population.

Introduction: Sitting and standing workstations can affect individual's health outcomes differently. This study aimed to assess the effects of sit and stand workstations on energy expenditure and some blood parameters, musculoskeletal symptom/pain and discomfort, fatigue, and productivity among workers of assembly line of a belt factory. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 47 male assembly line workers (24 workers in sitting workstation and 23 workers in standing workstation) with at least one year of working experience. Data were gathered via demographic/occupational characteristics, Fitbit system, medical records, Persian version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (P-NMQ), Persian version of the Numeric Rating Scale (P-NRS), Persian version of the Swedish Occupational Fatigue (P-SOFI), and Persian version of the Health and Work Questionnaire (P-HWQ). Results: The findings of the present study revealed that the energy expenditure, blood glucose/triglyceride there are not statistically differences between in sitting and standing groups. In addition, the prevalence of the MSs in the neck, lower back, knees, and ankles/feet in standing group was significantly higher than the sitting group. Generally, occupational fatigue was higher among the standing group compared to sitting group. About productivity, the ‘concentration/focus’ and ‘impatience/irritability’ subscales in sitting group were higher than the standing group. Contrariwise, other subscales of the productivity, including ‘productivity’, ‘supervisor relations’, ‘non-work satisfaction’, ‘work satisfaction’ in the standing group were higher than the sitting group. Conclusions: To reduce the adverse effects of sitting and standing workstations on individual's health outcomes, planning to use sit-stand workstations is recommended. &nbsp

To reduce vaccine-preventable diseases in workers, workplace vaccination campaigns can be implemented on-site. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate adherence to workplace vaccination campaigns. Three databases, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus, were screened systematically for articles in English or Italian addressing participation in an on-site vaccination program by employees. The following data was extracted: authors, year, country, type of vaccine, type of workplace, sample size, vaccination rate. Data on the prevalence of flu vaccination were calculated and pooled using a random-effects model. Thirteen articles were included in the review, ten in the meta-analysis. Most studies were conducted in the USA (30.7%) and most vaccination campaigns were against influenza (69.2%), with a pooled estimate of 42% (95% CI: 0.25–0.60%); participation rate was highly variable, ranging from 88.9% for an influenza vaccination campaign to 5.7% for a Lyme disease vaccination campaign. Offering free on-site vaccination can be a successful tool to ensure adherence to vaccination campaigns and administration of all required doses according to the vaccine administration scheme. The occupational physician can play a key role in implementing workplace campaigns for employee mandatory vaccinations.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, with rapidly increasing cases all over the world, and the emerging issue of post COVID-19 (or Long COVID-19) condition is impacting the occupational world. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of lasting COVID-19 symptoms or disability on the working population upon their return to employment. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statements we performed a systematic review in December 2021, screening three databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus), for articles investigating return to work in patients that were previously hospitalized due to COVID-19. A hand-searched was then performed through the references of the included systematic review. A quality assessment was performed on the included studies. Results: Out of the 263 articles found through the initial search, 11 studies were included in this systematic review. The selected studies were divided based on follow-up time, in two months follow-up, follow-up between two and six months, and six months follow-up. All the studies highlighted an important impact of post COVID-19 condition in returning to work after being hospitalized, with differences based on follow-up time, home Country and mean/median age of the sample considered. Conclusions: This review highlighted post COVID-19 condition as a rising problem in occupational medicine, with consequences on workers' quality of life and productivity. The role of occupational physicians could be essential in applying limitations to work duties or hours and facilitating the return to employment in workers with a post COVID-19 condition.

Long COVID-19 is a term used to describe the symptomatic sequelae that develop after suffering from COVID-19. Very few studies have investigated the impact of COVID-19 sequelae on employment status. The aim of this research was to characterise sequelae of COVID-19 in a population of workers who tested positive for COVID-19, with a follow-up within one year of the acute illness, and to analyse the possible association between this and changes in the workers' occupational status. In this retrospective cohort study, a questionnaire was administered to 155 workers; descriptive, univariate (chi-square tests), and multivariate (logistic regression model) analyses were carried out. The mean age was 46.48 years (SD +/- 7.302); 76 participants were males (49.7%), and 33 participants reported being current smokers (21.3%). Overall, 19.0% of patients reported not feeling fully recovered at follow-up, and 13.7% reported a change in their job status after COVID-19. A change in occupational status was associated with being a smoker (OR 4.106, CI [1.406-11.990], p = 0.010); hospital stay was associated with age > 46 years in a statistically significant way (p = 0.025) and with not feeling fully recovered at follow-up (p = 0.003). A persistent worsening in anxiety was more common in women (p = 0.028). This study identifies smoking as a risk factor for workers not able to resume their job; furthermore, occupational physicians should monitor mental health more closely after COVID-19, particularly in female workers.

Managing the COVID-19 pandemic posed several challenges for healthcare professionals, which likely heightened their risk of burnout (Amanullah and Ramesh Shankar, 2020) and, consequently, their general physical and mental health. Although it may not be possible to address and eliminate the causes of burnout, current research informs healthcare organizations about protective strategies to reduce its detrimental consequences. The promotion of compassionate interactions among healthcare professionals may play such a role. Compassion within healthcare organizations positively affects individual performance and well-being. Building on these considerations and within the framework of the Conservation of Resources theory, this study explores the relationships among burnout dimensions, received compassion at work, and general health in 711 Italian healthcare professionals (68.5% female), aged between 21 and 73 years (Mage = 36.4, SD = 11.2). Analyses were conducted to investigate the association between burnout and general well-being (H1) and between burnout symptoms and perceived compassion at work (H2); and the mediational role of compassion in the relationship between burnout symptoms and general well-being. H1 and H2 were confirmed (r < 0.01 for both), and a SEM model showed the mediating role of compassion at work in the association between burnout symptoms and general well-being (RMSEA < 0.08, SRMR < 0.08, CFI and TLI > 0.90). Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed in the paper.

COVID-19 has dramatically affected working forces. We aim to report our occupational medicine service’s experience in managing suspected COVID-19 cases during the pandemic through a retrospective observational study. We compared the number of days employees were absent from work due to flu-like symptoms from March 2020 to February 2021 to the same period the previous year (2019-2020). Two hundred thirty-four patients (+47.2% compared to the previous year) who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 reported flu-like symptoms; the number of days of absence from work was 2812 (+190.2% compared to the previous year). On average, employees with flu-like symptoms lost 12.07 working days compared to 6.12 in the previous year (p<0.0001). In conclusion, in our sample COVID-19 has increased the number of working day loss. However, our approach proved to be important, especially during the first months of the pandemic, to limit SARS-CoV-2 spread in workplaces. Clin Ter 2022; 173 (1):64-66. doi: 10.7417/CT.2022.2394

Данная статья представляет собой обзор научной литературы, в ходе которого были установлены и изучены основные этапы становления и развития профессиональной патологии, а также особенности ее формирования на территории России., This article is a review of the scientific literature, during which the main stages of the formation and development of professional pathology, as well as the features of its formation on the territory of the Russia were established and studied

Данная статья представляет собой обзор научной литературы, в ходе которого были установлены и изучены основные этапы становления и развития профессиональной патологии, а также особенности ее формирования на территории России., This article is a review of the scientific literature, during which the main stages of the formation and development of professional pathology, as well as the features of its formation on the territory of the Russia were established and studied

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the mental health of hospital health professionals has been widely described, but few studies have focused on occupational health professionals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess psychological distress (PD) of occupational health workers and its relationship with their work engagement (WE) and work environment characteristics. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A sample of 499 nurses and physicians participated in the study. Variables included demographic data, work environment characteristics, work engagement Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) and psychological distress General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection method was performed for data analysis. Data collection took place via the internet between April 23 and June 24, 2020. A total of 65.53% of the participants had PD, and the total mean score of the UWES-9 scale was 34.80 (SD = 10.69). Workload, conflicts, stressful situations, and less job satisfaction were significantly related to a higher percentage of PD (p < 0.05). Participants with low engagement showed higher levels of PD (76.7%; p < 0.001). The dedication was revealed as the most significant dimension. Interventions aimed at promoting resilience and coping strategies are suggested. WE should be fostered as a preventive measure against PD among occupational health workers. By protecting workers, occupational health departments have a shared responsibility with public health in containing the pandemic. Therefore, it is essential to prevent the psychological impact that this responsibility may have on occupational health workers by implementing prevention measures.

Background: Most of relevant studies for a systematic review are identified via electronic searches of biomedical databases, of which MEDLINE is arguably the most important. As search strategies may vary in complexity and yield, we aimed to assess MEDLINE search strategies regarding their recall, precision, and coverage in a sample of Cochrane Reviews in occupational medicine.Methods: Overall, we replicated and analysed search strategies of 42 Cochrane Reviews published between 2001 and 2017. Results: We found a median precision of 1.5% and a median recall of 83% which may act as benchmarks for a MEDLINE search strategy in systematic reviews in occupational medicine.Conclusion: These benchmarks for reviews in occupational medicine may help to find a balance between recall and precision of search strategies. They will be helpful for researchers to plan their work load required for reviews., Hintergrund: Die meisten relevanten Studien für einen systematischen Review werden über die elektronische Suche in biomedizinischen Datenbanken identifiziert, von denen MEDLINE wohl eine der wichtigsten ist. Da die Komplexität und das Ergebnis von Suchstrategien variieren können, wollten wir die MEDLINE-Suchstrategien in einer Stichprobe von Cochrane Reviews aus dem Bereich der Arbeitsmedizin hinsichtlich Recall, Precision und Coverage bewerten.Methoden: Insgesamt haben wir die Suchstrategien von 42 Cochrane Reviews, welche zwischen 2001 und 2017 veröffentlicht wurden, repliziert und analysiert.Ergebnisse: Wir fanden eine mediane Precision von 1,5% und einen medianen Recall von 83%, die als Benchmark für eine MEDLINE-Suchstrategie in systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten in der Arbeitsmedizin dienen können.Schlussfolgerung: Diese Benchmarks für Reviews in der Arbeitsmedizin können dazu beitragen, ein Gleichgewicht zwischen Recall und Precision von Suchstrategien zu finden. Sie können außerdem hilfreich sein, um den Arbeitsaufwand für systematische Reviews zu planen.

Introduction: Occupational performance (OP) as an integrating concept allows the holistic assessment of the person and identifies the potential for the return to productive activity through the occupational concept as an input for the assessment of the loss of work and occupational capacity (LWOC), allowing an objective qualification of the aspects that constitute the Manual único para la calificación de la pérdida de la capacidad Laboral y Ocupacional (MUCPCLO, Spanish acronym for Manual for the qualification of the loss of labor and occupational capacity). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with application of an OP evaluation scale to a sample of conveniently selected workers with alterations in body functions or structures, participation, or restriction at the occupational level. Analytical comparisons were made with the MUCPCLO scoring standard, and differential and integrating factors were identified. Results: Six subjects made up the sample, four had an occupational accident and two occupational diseases. In performance evaluation, 66% of the sample presented slight dependence on specific activities that lead to a differential analysis with emphasis on the MUCPCLO score. Specific factors were recognized, such as, objectivity of the assessment of occupational performance, multiple contributions of the concept of occupational performance, and possibilities of articulation with the manual. Conclusions: The prior assessment of occupational performance and the integral concept of the occupational therapist are constituted as a fundamental axis that contributes to the process of the assessment of the LWOC., Introducción:el desempeño ocupacional (DO) como concepto integrador permite la valoración holística de la persona e identifica el potencial para el retorno a la actividad productiva a través del concepto ocupacional, como insumo para la valoración de la pérdidade la capacidad laboral y ocupacional (PCLO), esto permite una calificación objetiva de los aspectos que constituyen el Manual único para la calificación de la pérdida de la capacidad laboral y ocupacional (MUCPCLO). Métodos: estudio transversal analítico con aplicación de una escala de evaluación del DO a una muestra de trabajadores seleccionados a conveniencia, con alteraciones en funciones o estructuras corporales, participación o restricción a nivel ocupacional. Se realizaron comparaciones analíticas con el estándar de calificación del MUCPCLO y se identificaron factores diferenciales e integradores. Resultados: la muestra estuvo integrada por seis sujetos, cuatro presentaron un accidente de trabajo y dos, enfermedades laborales. En cuanto a la evaluación del desempeño, se evidenció que el 66 % presentó dependencia leve en actividades específicas; producto de ello, se logró realizar un análisis diferencial con énfasis en la calificación del MUCPCLO. Se reconocen factores específicos en el proceso como la objetividad de la valoración del DO, los múltiples aportes del concepto de DO y las posibilidades de articulación con el manual MUCPCLO.Conclusiones: la valoración previa del DO y el concepto integral del terapeuta ocupacional se constituyen como un eje fundamental que aporta al proceso de la valoración PCLO.

The article analyzes the process of medical and legislative objectification of diseases in Colombia. Based on the study of medical research projects and legislative and governmental sources, it concludes that a great many Colombian doctors and politicians were unaware of the health/disease conditions of workers, and the advances in occupational medicine were still very limited. Consequently, legislators seem to have considered it unnecessary to grant legal recognition to occupational diseases, thus postponing workers' right to get sick until 1946, despite the recommendations of the International Labor Organization.

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the mental health of hospital health professionals has been widely described, but few studies have focused on occupational health professionals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess psychological distress (PD) of occupational health workers and its relationship with their work engagement (WE) and work environment characteristics. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A sample of 499 nurses and physicians participated in the study. Variables included demographic data, work environment characteristics, work engagement Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) and psychological distress General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection method was performed for data analysis. Data collection took place via the internet between April 23 and June 24, 2020. A total of 65.53% of the participants had PD, and the total mean score of the UWES-9 scale was 34.80 (SD = 10.69). Workload, conflicts, stressful situations, and less job satisfaction were significantly related to a higher percentage of PD (p < 0.05). Participants with low engagement showed higher levels of PD (76.7%; p < 0.001). The dedication was revealed as the most significant dimension. Interventions aimed at promoting resilience and coping strategies are suggested. WE should be fostered as a preventive measure against PD among occupational health workers. By protecting workers, occupational health departments have a shared responsibility with public health in containing the pandemic. Therefore, it is essential to prevent the psychological impact that this responsibility may have on occupational health workers by implementing prevention measures.

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the mental health of hospital health professionals has been widely described, but few studies have focused on occupational health professionals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess psychological distress (PD) of occupational health workers and its relationship with their work engagement (WE) and work environment characteristics. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A sample of 499 nurses and physicians participated in the study. Variables included demographic data, work environment characteristics, work engagement Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) and psychological distress General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection method was performed for data analysis. Data collection took place via the internet between April 23 and June 24, 2020. A total of 65.53% of the participants had PD, and the total mean score of the UWES-9 scale was 34.80 (SD = 10.69). Workload, conflicts, stressful situations, and less job satisfaction were significantly related to a higher percentage of PD (p < 0.05). Participants with low engagement showed higher levels of PD (76.7%; p < 0.001). The dedication was revealed as the most significant dimension. Interventions aimed at promoting resilience and coping strategies are suggested. WE should be fostered as a preventive measure against PD among occupational health workers. By protecting workers, occupational health departments have a shared responsibility with public health in containing the pandemic. Therefore, it is essential to prevent the psychological impact that this responsibility may have on occupational health workers by implementing prevention measures.

Background: Working in swine and poultry farms is described as a harmful job to the workers, because it has been shown that is capable of leading to occupational asthma and other allergic diseases. Objective: The main objective of this study is the epidemiological characterization of occupational allergic diseases in swine and poultry Portuguese farms. Methods: About 37 (46.3%) workers from 7 swine and 43 (53.7%) from 7 poultry farms participated in this study. The data was collected through a questionnaire the European Community Respiratory Health Survey under the form of interview. Results: The prevalence of asthma was 10%. About 50.0% of the asthmatics had occupational asthma and 37.5% had work-aggravated asthma. Among non-asthmatic workers, it was reported wheezing associated with dyspnea (5.6%), dyspnea after strenuous activity (11.1%) and persistent cough (23.6%). The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 20%, of which 56.2% of the cases had the 1st crisis after the beginning of work on farms. Among workers without medical diagnosis of rhinitis, 21.9% reported the presence of sneezing, rhinorrhea or nasal congestion without being constipated. There were skin allergies in 31.2% of the farmers, of which 72% were work-related symptoms. Conclusions: Findings of this study suggest that these farms develop activities that promote contact with harmful agents with influence on workers' health and their workers completely devalue the disease symptoms they present.

Objectives: To provide perspectives from the HEAT-SHIELD project (www.heat-shield.eu): a multi-national, inter-sectoral, and cross-disciplinary initiative, incorporating twenty European research institutions, as well as occupational health and industrial partners, on solutions to combat negative health and productivity effects caused by working on a warmer world.Methods: In this invited review, we focus on the theoretical and methodological advancements developed to combat occupational heat stress during the last five years of operation.Results: We outline how we created climate forecast models to incorporate humidity, wind and solar radiation to the traditional temperature-based climate projections, providing the basis for timely, policy-relevant, industry-specific and individualized information. Further, we summarise the industry-specific guidelines we developed regarding technical and biophysical cooling solutions considering effectiveness, cost, sustainability, and the practical implementation potential in outdoor and indoor settings, in addition to field-testing of selected solutions with time-motion analyses and biophysical evaluations. All recommendations were adjusted following feedback from workshops with employers, employees, safety officers, and adjacent stakeholders such as local or national health policy makers. The cross-scientific approach was also used for providing policy-relevant information based on socioeconomic analyses and identification of vulnerable regions considered to be more relevant for political actions than average continental recommendations and interventions.Discussion: From the HEAT-SHIELD experiences developed within European settings, we discuss how this inter-sectoral approach may be adopted or translated into actionable knowledge across continents where workers and societies are affected by escalating environmental temperatures.

Successful implementation of cooling strategies obviously depends on identifying effective interventions, but in industrial settings, it is equally important to consider feasibility and economic viability. Many cooling interventions are available, but the decision processes affecting adoption by end-users are not well elucidated. We therefore arranged two series of meetings with stakeholders to identify knowledge gaps, receive feedback on proposed cooling interventions, and discuss factors affecting implementation of heat-health interventions. This included four meetings attended by employers, employees, and health and safety officers (n = 41), and three meetings attended primarily by policy makers (n = 74), with feedback obtained via qualitative and quantitative questionnaires and focus group discussions. On a 10-point scale, both employers and employees valued worker safety (9.1 ± 1.8; mean±SD) and health (8.5 ± 1.9) as more important than protecting company profits (6.3 ± 2.3). Of the respondents, 41% were unaware of any cooling strategies at their company and of those who were aware, only 30% thought the interventions were effective. Following presentation of proposed interventions, the respondents rated “facilitated hydration”, “optimization of clothing/protective equipment”, and “rescheduling of work tasks” as the top-three preferred solutions. The main barriers for adopting cooling interventions were cost, feasibility, employer perceptions, and legislation. In conclusion, preventing negative health and safety effects was deemed to be more important than preventing productivity loss. Regardless of work sector or occupation, both health and wealth were emphasized as important parameters and considered as somewhat interrelated. However, a large fraction of the European worker force lacks information on effective measures to mitigate occupational heat stress. List of abbreviations: OH-Stress: Occupational heat stress; WBGT: Wet Bulb Globe Temperature.

Healthcare students (HCSs) represent a target category for seasonal flu vaccination. This study aimed to examine adherence to flu vaccination campaigns from 2016 to 2019 among HCSs and to investigate knowledge and perception of and attitude toward influenza and flu vaccination. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the HCSs of a northern Italian university. Data on adherence, knowledge, perception, and attitude were investigated through an anonymous online self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled out by 352 out of 392 third-year HCSs (response rate = 90%). The main reason for refusal was the perception of influenza as non-threatening (24.4%), while self-protection was the main reason for adherence (87.5%). A univariate logistic regression analysis revealed some statistically significant associations with the adherence to the 2018–2019 campaign: being a nursing/midwifery student (OR: 4.14; 95% CI: 1.77–9.71) and agreeing with (OR: 19.28; 95% CI: 2.47–146.85) or being undecided (OR: 10.81; 95% CI: 1.33–88.27) about the obligation of vaccination in health facilities. The associations were also evaluated with a multiple logistic regression model. Despite the low vaccine uptake, good knowledge of the risks for HCSs and patients related to flu has emerged. Improving promotion strategies will be necessary to increase the adhesion of future healthcare workers.

A case of recurrent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with neurovestibular symptoms was reported. In March 2020, a physician working in an Italian pediatric hospital had flu-like symptoms with anosmia and dysgeusia, and following a reverse transcription PCR (RT/PCR) test with a nasopharyngeal swab tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. After home quarantine, 21 days from the beginning of the symptoms, the patient tested negative in two subsequent swabs and was declared healed and readmitted to work. Serological testing showed a low level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody title and absence of immunoglobulin M (IgM). However, 2 weeks later, before resuming work, the patient complained of acute vestibular syndrome, and the RT/PCR test with mucosal swab turned positive. On the basis of the literature examined and reviewed for recurrence cases and vestibular symptoms during COVID-19, to our knowledge this case is the first case of recurrence with vestibular impairment as a neurological symptom, and we defined it as probably a viral reactivation. The PCR retest positivity cannot differentiate re-infectivity, relapse, and dead-viral RNA detection. Serological antibody testing and viral genome sequencing could be always performed in recurrence cases.

Successful implementation of cooling strategies obviously depends on identifying effective interventions, but in industrial settings, it is equally important to consider feasibility and economic viability. Many cooling interventions are available, but the decision processes affecting adoption by end-users are not well elucidated. We therefore arranged two series of meetings with stakeholders to identify knowledge gaps, receive feedback on proposed cooling interventions, and discuss factors affecting implementation of heat-health interventions. This included four meetings attended by employers, employees, and health and safety officers (n = 41), and three meetings attended primarily by policy makers (n = 74), with feedback obtained via qualitative and quantitative questionnaires and focus group discussions. On a 10-point scale, both employers and employees valued worker safety (9.1 ± 1.8; mean±SD) and health (8.5 ± 1.9) as more important than protecting company profits (6.3 ± 2.3). Of the respondents, 41% were unaware of any cooling strategies at their company and of those who were aware, only 30% thought the interventions were effective. Following presentation of proposed interventions, the respondents rated “facilitated hydration”, “optimization of clothing/protective equipment”, and “rescheduling of work tasks” as the top-three preferred solutions. The main barriers for adopting cooling interventions were cost, feasibility, employer perceptions, and legislation. In conclusion, preventing negative health and safety effects was deemed to be more important than preventing productivity loss. Regardless of work sector or occupation, both health and wealth were emphasized as important parameters and considered as somewhat interrelated. However, a large fraction of the European worker force lacks information on effective measures to mitigate occupational heat stress. List of abbreviations: OH-Stress: Occupational heat stress; WBGT: Wet Bulb Globe Temperature.