81 results on '"Kim, SY"'
Search Results
2. Deep Learning Model for Classifying Periodontitis Stages on Dental Panoramic Radiography
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Shon, HS, Kong, V, Park, JS, Jang, W, Cha, EJ, Kim, SY, Lee, EY, Kang, TG, Kim, KA, Shon, HS, Kong, V, Park, JS, Jang, W, Cha, EJ, Kim, SY, Lee, EY, Kang, TG, and Kim, KA
- Abstract
In this study, an integrated deep learning framework was developed for classifying the periodontitis stages of each individual tooth using dental panoramic radiographs. Based on actual patient panoramic radiographs data, the bone loss by periodontitis and cementoenamel junction boundaries were detected, while the tooth number and tooth length were identified using data from AIHub, an open database platform. The two factors were integrated to classify and to evaluate the periodontitis staging on dental panoramic radiography. Periodontitis is classified into four stages based on the criteria of the radiographic bone level, as suggested at the relevant international conference in 2017. For the integrated deep learning framework developed in this study, the classification performance was evaluated by comparing the results of dental specialists, which indicated that the integrated framework had an accuracy of 0.929, with a recall and precision of 0.807 and 0.724, respectively, in average across all four stages. The novel framework was thus shown to exhibit a relatively high level of performance, and the findings in this study are expected to assist dental specialists with detecting the periodontitis stage and subsequent effective treatment. A systematic application will be developed in the future, to provide ancillary data for diagnosis and basic data for the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease.
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- 2022
3. Deep Learning Model for Classifying Periodontitis Stages on Dental Panoramic Radiography
- Author
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Shon, HS, Kong, V, Park, JS, Jang, W, Cha, EJ, Kim, SY, Lee, EY, Kang, TG, Kim, KA, Shon, HS, Kong, V, Park, JS, Jang, W, Cha, EJ, Kim, SY, Lee, EY, Kang, TG, and Kim, KA
- Abstract
In this study, an integrated deep learning framework was developed for classifying the periodontitis stages of each individual tooth using dental panoramic radiographs. Based on actual patient panoramic radiographs data, the bone loss by periodontitis and cementoenamel junction boundaries were detected, while the tooth number and tooth length were identified using data from AIHub, an open database platform. The two factors were integrated to classify and to evaluate the periodontitis staging on dental panoramic radiography. Periodontitis is classified into four stages based on the criteria of the radiographic bone level, as suggested at the relevant international conference in 2017. For the integrated deep learning framework developed in this study, the classification performance was evaluated by comparing the results of dental specialists, which indicated that the integrated framework had an accuracy of 0.929, with a recall and precision of 0.807 and 0.724, respectively, in average across all four stages. The novel framework was thus shown to exhibit a relatively high level of performance, and the findings in this study are expected to assist dental specialists with detecting the periodontitis stage and subsequent effective treatment. A systematic application will be developed in the future, to provide ancillary data for diagnosis and basic data for the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease.
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- 2022
4. Overcoming incumbent resistance to the clean energy shift: How local governments act as change agents in coal power station closures in China
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Tan, H, Thurbon, E ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8684-2193, Kim, SY, Mathews, JA, Tan, H, Thurbon, E ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8684-2193, Kim, SY, and Mathews, JA
- Abstract
Phasing out the use of coal for power generation is an important concern for energy policy in the context of green transition. Despite the efforts of other nations, the role of China in the global phase-out of coal power remains crucial. Our study with a sub-national focus sheds important new light on the drivers and decision-making dynamics of exiting of coal power use in China. Based on a case study of closures of coal power plants in China's Guangdong province, we find that under certain circumstances, governments - especially those in the provincial and city levels - can and do act as change agents when it comes to retirement of coal fired power stations. Our study reveals a number of push and pull mechanisms that governments have utilized to overcome the resistance of incumbent power generation companies, primarily based on developmental considerations. By identifying the drivers and enabling mechanisms of phasing out the use of coal power in a significant sub-national region in China, our study contributes to both of the sustainability transition literature and the energy policy literature.
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- 2021
5. Long-term Follow-up of Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated with Venetoclax in a Phase I, First-in-Human Study
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Davids, MS, Roberts, AW, Kenkre, VP, Wierda, WG, Kumar, A, Kipps, TJ, Boyer, M, Salem, AH, Pesko, JC, Arzt, JA, Mantas, M, Kim, SY, Seymour, JF, Davids, MS, Roberts, AW, Kenkre, VP, Wierda, WG, Kumar, A, Kipps, TJ, Boyer, M, Salem, AH, Pesko, JC, Arzt, JA, Mantas, M, Kim, SY, and Seymour, JF
- Abstract
PURPOSE: We previously reported a 44% overall response rate (ORR) with the oral BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in a phase I study of relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Complete response (CR) was observed in patients with mantle cell lymphoma [(MCL), 21%, n = 6/28] and follicular lymphoma [(FL), 17%, n = 5/29], and partial response (PR) noted in several patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). Here, we report the long-term outcomes of these four cohorts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients (n = 106) received venetoclax monotherapy in dose cohorts of 200 to 1,200 mg daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ORR, progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DoR), and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 38.5 months (range, 30.0-46.5), the median PFS for all 106 patients was 5.4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.5-8.4] months (FL, 10.8; MCL, 11.3; MZL, 21.2; and WM, 30.4). The median DoR was 14.9 (95% CI, 9.7-27.6) months (FL, 26.6; MCL, 15.7; MZL, 20.1; and WM, 25.3). Achievement of CR versus PR predicted longer DoR in both MCL (31.5 vs. 10.1 months) and FL (37.6 vs. 9.7 months). All grade hematologic AEs were infrequent: neutropenia (19%), anemia (19%), and thrombocytopenia (17%), with no new cytopenias after 2 years on therapy. Nonhematologic AEs included nausea (49%), diarrhea (46%), fatigue (44%), with decreased incidence after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Venetoclax monotherapy has a manageable safety profile and achieves durable responses in a subset of patients with FL, MCL, WM, and MZL, particularly in those who achieve CR. Further research is warranted on combination strategies to enhance the durability of response to venetoclax.
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- 2021
6. Intraoral human herpes viruses detectable by PCR in majority of patients
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Yap, T, Khor, S, Kim, JS, Kim, J, Kim, SY, Kern, JS, Martyres, R, Varigos, G, Chan, HT, McCullough, MJ, Thomas, ML, Scardamaglia, L, Yap, T, Khor, S, Kim, JS, Kim, J, Kim, SY, Kern, JS, Martyres, R, Varigos, G, Chan, HT, McCullough, MJ, Thomas, ML, and Scardamaglia, L
- Abstract
Objectives To identify factors which influence the intraoral prevalence of human herpes viruses (HHVs) using mucosal swabs, saliva samples and qPCR analysis. Methodology In this cross-sectional observational study, matched saliva and oral swabs were collected from a total of 115 subjects: 70 immunocompetent subjects with no mucosal abnormalities, 22 with mucosal abnormalities and 23 therapeutically immunocompromised individuals. Extracted DNA was analysed by multiplex qPCR for detection and quantification of HHVs 1–6. Results At least one human herpes virus was detected in 77.1% of immunocompetent individuals with no mucosal abnormalities, with EBV the most commonly detected at 61.4%. HHV-6 was detected in 17.1%, HSV-1 in 4.3% and CMV in 1.1%. Detection was higher in saliva than in oral swabs. There was no detection of HSV-2 or VZV. Neither presence of oral mucosal abnormality nor therapeutic immunocompromise was related to increased detection of human herpes virus. Conclusion Commensal detection rates of EBV are high, and caution in clinical correlation of positive detection is warranted. Commensal CMV rates are low, and detection is likely to be clinically relevant. This study presents a comprehensive commensal detection rate of HHVs 1–6 by qPCR in saliva and swabs.
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- 2021
7. Addition of rituximab in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia after progression on venetoclax monotherapy
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Handunnetti, S, Anderson, MA, Roberts, AW, Davids, MS, Ma, S, Boyer, M, Arzt, J, Al Masud, A, Popovic, R, Jacobson, A, Kim, SY, Seymour, JF, Handunnetti, S, Anderson, MA, Roberts, AW, Davids, MS, Ma, S, Boyer, M, Arzt, J, Al Masud, A, Popovic, R, Jacobson, A, Kim, SY, and Seymour, JF
- Abstract
Venetoclax is approved as monotherapy and in combination with rituximab for relapsed/refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Two Phase 1 studies (M12-175 [NCT01328626]; M13-365 [NCT01682616]) were conducted in which patients who initially responded and then progressed on venetoclax monotherapy could receive added rituximab. Ten patients were evaluated (M12-175, n = 8; M13-365, n = 2), and five (50%) responded again upon addition of rituximab, including three complete and two partial responses. Responses were ongoing after 5-10 months of follow-up. Addition of rituximab was well tolerated. These findings indicate potential clinical benefit with rituximab added to venetoclax post-progression in some patients with R/R CLL.
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- 2021
8. Strong Fermi-level pinning at metal contacts to halide perovskites
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Hong, K, Hong, K, Kwon, KC, Choi, KS, Le, QV, Kim, SJ, Han, JS, Suh, JM, Kim, SY, Sutter-Fella, CM, Jang, HW, Hong, K, Hong, K, Kwon, KC, Choi, KS, Le, QV, Kim, SJ, Han, JS, Suh, JM, Kim, SY, Sutter-Fella, CM, and Jang, HW
- Abstract
The performance of halide perovskite-based electronic and optoelectronic devices is often related to interfacial charge transport. To shed light on the underlying physical and chemical properties of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) in direct contact with common electrodes Al, Ti, Cr, Ag, and Au, the evolution of interfacial properties and Fermi level pinning is systematically studied. Given a unique experimental facility, pristine interfaces without any exposure to ambient air were prepared. We observe aggregation of substantial amounts of metallic lead (Pb0) at the metal/MAPbI3 interface, resulting from the interfacial reaction between the deposited metal and iodine ions from MAPbI3. It is found that the Schottky barrier height at the metal/MAPbI3 interface is independent of the metal work function due to strong Fermi level pinning, possibly due to the metallic Pb0 aggregates, which act as interfacial trap sites. The charge neutrality level of MAPbI3 is consistent with the energy level of Pb0-related defects, indicating that Pb0 interfacial trap states can be nonradiative recombination sites. This work underlines that control of chemical bonding at interfaces is a key factor for designing future halide perovskite-based devices.
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- 2021
9. Tackling challenges in care of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias amid the COVID-19 pandemic, now and in the future
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Mok, VCT, Pendlebury, S, Wong, A, Alladi, S, Au, L, Bath, PM, Biessels, GJ, Chen, C, Cordonnier, C, Dichgans, M, Dominguez, J, Gorelick, PB, Kim, SY, Kwok, T, Greenberg, SM, Jia, J, Kalaria, R, Kivipelto, M, Naegandran, K, Lam, LCW, Lam, BYK, Lee, ATC, Markus, HS, O'Brien, J, Pai, MC, Pantoni, L, Sachdev, P ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3220, Skoog, I, Smith, EE, Srikanth, V, Suh, GH, Wardlaw, J, Ko, H, Black, SE, Scheltens, P, Mok, VCT, Pendlebury, S, Wong, A, Alladi, S, Au, L, Bath, PM, Biessels, GJ, Chen, C, Cordonnier, C, Dichgans, M, Dominguez, J, Gorelick, PB, Kim, SY, Kwok, T, Greenberg, SM, Jia, J, Kalaria, R, Kivipelto, M, Naegandran, K, Lam, LCW, Lam, BYK, Lee, ATC, Markus, HS, O'Brien, J, Pai, MC, Pantoni, L, Sachdev, P ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3220, Skoog, I, Smith, EE, Srikanth, V, Suh, GH, Wardlaw, J, Ko, H, Black, SE, and Scheltens, P
- Abstract
We have provided an overview on the profound impact of COVID-19 upon older people with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias and the challenges encountered in our management of dementia in different health-care settings, including hospital, out-patient, care homes, and the community during the COVID-19 pandemic. We have also proposed a conceptual framework and practical suggestions for health-care providers in tackling these challenges, which can also apply to the care of older people in general, with or without other neurological diseases, such as stroke or parkinsonism. We believe this review will provide strategic directions and set standards for health-care leaders in dementia, including governmental bodies around the world in coordinating emergency response plans for protecting and caring for older people with dementia amid the COIVD-19 outbreak, which is likely to continue at varying severity in different regions around the world in the medium term.
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- 2020
10. Venetoclax Plus Rituximab in Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: 4-Year Results and Evaluation of Impact of Genomic Complexity and Gene Mutations From the MURANO Phase III Study
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Kater, AP, Wu, JQ, Kipps, T, Eichhorst, B, Hillmen, P, D'Rozario, J, Assouline, S, Owen, C, Robak, T, de la Serna, J, Jaeger, U, Cartron, G, Montillo, M, Dubois, J, Eldering, E, Mellink, C, Van Der Kevie-Kersemaekers, A-M, Kim, SY, Chyla, B, Punnoose, E, Bolen, CR, Assaf, ZJ, Jiang, Y, Wang, J, Lefebure, M, Boyer, M, Humphrey, K, Seymour, JF, Kater, AP, Wu, JQ, Kipps, T, Eichhorst, B, Hillmen, P, D'Rozario, J, Assouline, S, Owen, C, Robak, T, de la Serna, J, Jaeger, U, Cartron, G, Montillo, M, Dubois, J, Eldering, E, Mellink, C, Van Der Kevie-Kersemaekers, A-M, Kim, SY, Chyla, B, Punnoose, E, Bolen, CR, Assaf, ZJ, Jiang, Y, Wang, J, Lefebure, M, Boyer, M, Humphrey, K, and Seymour, JF
- Abstract
PURPOSE: In previous analyses of the MURANO study, fixed-duration venetoclax plus rituximab (VenR) resulted in improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with bendamustine plus rituximab (BR) in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). At the 4-year follow-up, we report long-term outcomes, response to subsequent therapies, and the predictive value of molecular and genetic characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with CLL were randomly assigned to 2 years of venetoclax (VenR for the first six cycles) or six cycles of BR. PFS, overall survival (OS), peripheral-blood minimal residual disease (MRD) status, genomic complexity (GC), and gene mutations were assessed. RESULTS: Of 389 patients, 194 were assigned to VenR and 195 to BR. Four-year PFS and OS rates were higher with VenR than BR, at 57.3% and 4.6% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.19; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.25), and 85.3% and 66.8% (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.65), respectively. Undetectable MRD (uMRD) at end of combination therapy (EOCT) was associated with superior PFS compared with low MRD positivity (HR, 0.50) and high MRD positivity (HR, 0.15). Patients in the VenR arm who received ibrutinib as their first therapy after progression (n = 12) had a reported response rate of 100% (10 of 10 evaluable patients); patients subsequently treated with a venetoclax-based regimen (n = 14) had a reported response rate of 55% (six of 11 evaluable patients). With VenR, the uMRD rate at end of treatment (EOT) was lower in patients with GC than in those without GC (P = .042); higher GC was associated with shorter PFS. Higher MRD positivity rates were seen with BIRC3 and BRAF mutations at EOCT and with TP53, NOTCH1, XPO1, and BRAF mutations at EOT. CONCLUSION: Efficacy benefits with fixed-duration VenR are sustained and particularly durable in patients who achieve uMRD. Salvage therapy with ibrutinib after VenR achieved high response rates. Genetic mutations and GC affected MRD rates and PFS.
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- 2020
11. Sustainable manufacturing of sensors onto soft systems using self-coagulating conductive Pickering emulsions.
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Kim, SY, Choo, Y, Bilodeau, RA, Yuen, MC, Kaufman, G, Shah, DS, Osuji, CO, Kramer-Bottiglio, R, Kim, SY, Choo, Y, Bilodeau, RA, Yuen, MC, Kaufman, G, Shah, DS, Osuji, CO, and Kramer-Bottiglio, R
- Abstract
Compliant sensors based on composite materials are necessary components for geometrically complex systems such as wearable devices or soft robots. Composite materials consisting of polymer matrices and conductive fillers have facilitated the manufacture of compliant sensors due to their potential to be scaled in printing processes. Printing composite materials generally entails the use of solvents, such as toluene or cyclohexane, to dissolve the polymer resin and thin down the material to a printable viscosity. However, such solvents cause swelling and decomposition of most polymer substrates, limiting the utility of the composite materials. Moreover, many such conventional solvents are toxic or otherwise present health hazards. Here, sustainable manufacturing of sensors is reported, which uses an ethanol-based Pickering emulsion that spontaneously coagulates and forms a conductive composite. The Pickering emulsion consists of emulsified polymer precursors stabilized by conductive nanoparticles in an ethanol carrier. Upon evaporation of the ethanol, the precursors are released, which then coalesce amid nanoparticle networks and spontaneously polymerize in contact with the atmospheric moisture. We printed the self-coagulating conductive Pickering emulsion onto a variety of soft polymeric systems, including all-soft actuators and conventional textiles, to sensitize these systems. The resulting compliant sensors exhibit high strain sensitivity with negligible hysteresis, making them suitable for wearable and robotic applications.
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- 2020
12. Can Stem Cells Beat COVID-19: Advancing Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles Toward Mainstream Medicine for Lung Injuries Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infections.
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Chrzanowski W, Kim SY, McClements L, Chrzanowski W, Kim SY, and McClements L
- Abstract
A number of medicines are currently under investigation for the treatment of COVID-19 disease including anti-viral, anti-malarial, and anti-inflammatory agents. While these treatments can improve patient's recovery and survival, these therapeutic strategies do not lead to unequivocal restoration of the lung damage inflicted by this disease. Stem cell therapies and, more recently, their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), are emerging as new promising treatments, which could attenuate inflammation but also regenerate the lung damage caused by COVID-19. Stem cells exert their immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, and reparative therapeutic effects likely through their EVs, and therefore, could be beneficial, alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, in people with COVID-19. In this review article, we outline the mechanisms of cytokine storm and lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus leading to COVID-19 disease and how mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted EVs can be utilized to tackle this damage by harnessing their regenerative properties, which gives them potential enhanced clinical utility compared to other investigated pharmacological treatments. There are currently 17 clinical trials evaluating the therapeutic potential of MSCs for the treatment of COVID-19, the majority of which are administered intravenously with only one clinical trial testing MSC-derived exosomes via inhalation route. While we wait for the outcomes from these trials to be reported, here we emphasize opportunities and risks associated with these therapies, as well as delineate the major roadblocks to progressing these promising curative therapies toward mainstream treatment for COVID-19.
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- 2020
13. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. VIII. Time Variability of Emission and Absorption in NGC 5548 Based on Modeling the Ultraviolet Spectrum
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Kriss, GA, Kriss, GA, De Rosa, G, Ely, J, Peterson, BM, Kaastra, J, Mehdipour, M, Ferland, GJ, Dehghanian, M, Mathur, S, Edelson, R, Korista, KT, Arav, N, Barth, AJ, Bentz, MC, Brandt, WN, Crenshaw, DM, Dalla Bontà, E, Denney, KD, Done, C, Eracleous, M, Fausnaugh, MM, Gardner, E, Goad, MR, Grier, CJ, Horne, K, Kochanek, CS, McHardy, IM, Netzer, H, Pancoast, A, Pei, L, Pogge, RW, Proga, D, Silva, C, Tejos, N, Vestergaard, M, Adams, SM, Anderson, MD, Arévalo, P, Beatty, TG, Behar, E, Bennert, VN, Bianchi, S, Bigley, A, Bisogni, S, Boissay-Malaquin, R, Borman, GA, Bottorff, MC, Breeveld, AA, Brotherton, M, Brown, JE, Brown, JS, Cackett, EM, Canalizo, G, Cappi, M, Carini, MT, Clubb, KI, Comerford, JM, Coker, CT, Corsini, EM, Costantini, E, Croft, S, Croxall, KV, Deason, AJ, De Lorenzo-Cáceres, A, De Marco, B, Dietrich, M, Di Gesu, L, Ebrero, J, Evans, PA, Filippenko, AV, Flatland, K, Gates, EL, Gehrels, N, Geier, S, Gelbord, JM, Gonzalez, L, Gorjian, V, Grupe, D, Gupta, A, Hall, PB, Henderson, CB, Hicks, S, Holmbeck, E, Holoien, TWS, Hutchison, TA, Im, M, Jensen, JJ, Johnson, CA, Joner, MD, Kaspi, S, Kelly, BC, Kelly, PL, Kennea, JA, Kim, M, Kim, SC, Kim, SY, King, A, Klimanov, SA, Krongold, Y, Lau, MW, Kriss, GA, Kriss, GA, De Rosa, G, Ely, J, Peterson, BM, Kaastra, J, Mehdipour, M, Ferland, GJ, Dehghanian, M, Mathur, S, Edelson, R, Korista, KT, Arav, N, Barth, AJ, Bentz, MC, Brandt, WN, Crenshaw, DM, Dalla Bontà, E, Denney, KD, Done, C, Eracleous, M, Fausnaugh, MM, Gardner, E, Goad, MR, Grier, CJ, Horne, K, Kochanek, CS, McHardy, IM, Netzer, H, Pancoast, A, Pei, L, Pogge, RW, Proga, D, Silva, C, Tejos, N, Vestergaard, M, Adams, SM, Anderson, MD, Arévalo, P, Beatty, TG, Behar, E, Bennert, VN, Bianchi, S, Bigley, A, Bisogni, S, Boissay-Malaquin, R, Borman, GA, Bottorff, MC, Breeveld, AA, Brotherton, M, Brown, JE, Brown, JS, Cackett, EM, Canalizo, G, Cappi, M, Carini, MT, Clubb, KI, Comerford, JM, Coker, CT, Corsini, EM, Costantini, E, Croft, S, Croxall, KV, Deason, AJ, De Lorenzo-Cáceres, A, De Marco, B, Dietrich, M, Di Gesu, L, Ebrero, J, Evans, PA, Filippenko, AV, Flatland, K, Gates, EL, Gehrels, N, Geier, S, Gelbord, JM, Gonzalez, L, Gorjian, V, Grupe, D, Gupta, A, Hall, PB, Henderson, CB, Hicks, S, Holmbeck, E, Holoien, TWS, Hutchison, TA, Im, M, Jensen, JJ, Johnson, CA, Joner, MD, Kaspi, S, Kelly, BC, Kelly, PL, Kennea, JA, Kim, M, Kim, SC, Kim, SY, King, A, Klimanov, SA, Krongold, Y, and Lau, MW
- Abstract
We model the ultraviolet spectra of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope during the 6 month reverberation mapping campaign in 2014. Our model of the emission from NGC 5548 corrects for overlying absorption and deblends the individual emission lines. Using the modeled spectra, we measure the response to continuum variations for the deblended and absorption-corrected individual broad emission lines, the velocity-dependent profiles of Ly and C iv, and the narrow and broad intrinsic absorption features. We find that the time lags for the corrected emission lines are comparable to those for the original data. The velocity-binned lag profiles of Ly and C iv have a double-peaked structure indicative of a truncated Keplerian disk. The narrow absorption lines show a delayed response to continuum variations corresponding to recombination in gas with a density of ∼105 cm-3. The high-ionization narrow absorption lines decorrelate from continuum variations during the same period as the broad emission lines. Analyzing the response of these absorption lines during this period shows that the ionizing flux is diminished in strength relative to the far-ultraviolet continuum. The broad absorption lines associated with the X-ray obscurer decrease in strength during this same time interval. The appearance of X-ray obscuration in ∼2012 corresponds with an increase in the luminosity of NGC 5548 following an extended low state. We suggest that the obscurer is a disk wind triggered by the brightening of NGC 5548 following the decrease in size of the broad-line region during the preceding low-luminosity state.
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- 2019
14. Comparative Loss-of-Function Screens Reveal ABCE1 as an Essential Cellular Host Factor for Efficient Translation of Paramyxoviridae and Pneumoviridae
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Griffin, DE, Anderson, DE, Pfeffermann, K, Kim, SY, Sawatsky, B, Pearson, J, Kovtun, M, Corcoran, DL, Krebs, Y, Sigmundsson, K, Jamison, SF, Yeo, ZZJ, Rennick, LJ, Wang, L-F, Talbot, PJ, Duprex, WP, Garcia-Blanco, MA, von Messling, V, Griffin, DE, Anderson, DE, Pfeffermann, K, Kim, SY, Sawatsky, B, Pearson, J, Kovtun, M, Corcoran, DL, Krebs, Y, Sigmundsson, K, Jamison, SF, Yeo, ZZJ, Rennick, LJ, Wang, L-F, Talbot, PJ, Duprex, WP, Garcia-Blanco, MA, and von Messling, V
- Abstract
Paramyxoviruses and pneumoviruses have similar life cycles and share the respiratory tract as a point of entry. In comparative genome-scale siRNA screens with wild-type-derived measles, mumps, and respiratory syncytial viruses in A549 cells, a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, we identified vesicular transport, RNA processing pathways, and translation as the top pathways required by all three viruses. As the top hit in the translation pathway, ABCE1, a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporters, was chosen for further study. We found that ABCE1 supports replication of all three viruses, confirming its importance for viruses of both families. More detailed characterization revealed that ABCE1 is specifically required for efficient viral but not general cellular protein synthesis, indicating that paramyxoviral and pneumoviral mRNAs exploit specific translation mechanisms. In addition to providing a novel overview of cellular proteins and pathways that impact these important pathogens, this study highlights the role of ABCE1 as a host factor required for efficient paramyxovirus and pneumovirus translation.IMPORTANCE The Paramyxoviridae and Pneumoviridae families include important human and animal pathogens. To identify common host factors, we performed genome-scale siRNA screens with wild-type-derived measles, mumps, and respiratory syncytial viruses in the same cell line. A comparative bioinformatics analysis yielded different members of the coatomer complex I, translation factors ABCE1 and eIF3A, and several RNA binding proteins as cellular proteins with proviral activity for all three viruses. A more detailed characterization of ABCE1 revealed its essential role for viral protein synthesis. Taken together, these data sets provide new insight into the interactions between paramyxoviruses and pneumoviruses and host cell proteins and constitute a starting point for the development of broadly effective antivirals.
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- 2019
15. Placenta Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Potential Use in Lung Repair
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Kim, SY, Joglekar, MV, Hardikar, AA, Thanh, HP, Khanal, D, Tharkar, P, Limantoro, C, Johnson, J, Kalionis, B, Chrzanowski, W, Kim, SY, Joglekar, MV, Hardikar, AA, Thanh, HP, Khanal, D, Tharkar, P, Limantoro, C, Johnson, J, Kalionis, B, and Chrzanowski, W
- Abstract
Many acute and chronic lung injuries are incurable and rank as the fourth leading cause of death globally. While stem cell treatment for lung injuries is a promising approach, there is growing evidence that the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells originates from secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). Consequently, EVs are emerging as next-generation therapeutics. While EVs are extensively researched for diagnostic applications, their therapeutic potential to promote tissue repair is not fully elucidated. By housing and delivering tissue-repairing cargo, EVs refine the cellular microenvironment, modulate inflammation, and ultimately repair injury. Here, the potential use of EVs derived from two placental mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) lines is presented; a chorionic MSC line (CMSC29) and a decidual MSC cell line (DMSC23) for applications in lung diseases. Functional analyses using in vitro models of injury demonstrate that these EVs have a role in ameliorating injuries caused to lung cells. It is also shown that EVs promote repair of lung epithelial cells. This study is fundamental to advancing the field of EVs and to unlock the full potential of EVs in regenerative medicine.
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- 2019
16. Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. VIII. Time Variability of Emission and Absorption in NGC 5548 Based on Modeling the Ultraviolet Spectrum
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Kriss, GA, Kriss, GA, De Rosa, G, Ely, J, Peterson, BM, Kaastra, J, Mehdipour, M, Ferland, GJ, Dehghanian, M, Mathur, S, Edelson, R, Korista, KT, Arav, N, Barth, AJ, Bentz, MC, Brandt, WN, Crenshaw, DM, Dalla Bontà, E, Denney, KD, Done, C, Eracleous, M, Fausnaugh, MM, Gardner, E, Goad, MR, Grier, CJ, Horne, K, Kochanek, CS, McHardy, IM, Netzer, H, Pancoast, A, Pei, L, Pogge, RW, Proga, D, Silva, C, Tejos, N, Vestergaard, M, Adams, SM, Anderson, MD, Arévalo, P, Beatty, TG, Behar, E, Bennert, VN, Bianchi, S, Bigley, A, Bisogni, S, Boissay-Malaquin, R, Borman, GA, Bottorff, MC, Breeveld, AA, Brotherton, M, Brown, JE, Brown, JS, Cackett, EM, Canalizo, G, Cappi, M, Carini, MT, Clubb, KI, Comerford, JM, Coker, CT, Corsini, EM, Costantini, E, Croft, S, Croxall, KV, Deason, AJ, De Lorenzo-Cáceres, A, De Marco, B, Dietrich, M, Di Gesu, L, Ebrero, J, Evans, PA, Filippenko, AV, Flatland, K, Gates, EL, Gehrels, N, Geier, S, Gelbord, JM, Gonzalez, L, Gorjian, V, Grupe, D, Gupta, A, Hall, PB, Henderson, CB, Hicks, S, Holmbeck, E, Holoien, TWS, Hutchison, TA, Im, M, Jensen, JJ, Johnson, CA, Joner, MD, Kaspi, S, Kelly, BC, Kelly, PL, Kennea, JA, Kim, M, Kim, SC, Kim, SY, King, A, Klimanov, SA, Krongold, Y, Lau, MW, Kriss, GA, Kriss, GA, De Rosa, G, Ely, J, Peterson, BM, Kaastra, J, Mehdipour, M, Ferland, GJ, Dehghanian, M, Mathur, S, Edelson, R, Korista, KT, Arav, N, Barth, AJ, Bentz, MC, Brandt, WN, Crenshaw, DM, Dalla Bontà, E, Denney, KD, Done, C, Eracleous, M, Fausnaugh, MM, Gardner, E, Goad, MR, Grier, CJ, Horne, K, Kochanek, CS, McHardy, IM, Netzer, H, Pancoast, A, Pei, L, Pogge, RW, Proga, D, Silva, C, Tejos, N, Vestergaard, M, Adams, SM, Anderson, MD, Arévalo, P, Beatty, TG, Behar, E, Bennert, VN, Bianchi, S, Bigley, A, Bisogni, S, Boissay-Malaquin, R, Borman, GA, Bottorff, MC, Breeveld, AA, Brotherton, M, Brown, JE, Brown, JS, Cackett, EM, Canalizo, G, Cappi, M, Carini, MT, Clubb, KI, Comerford, JM, Coker, CT, Corsini, EM, Costantini, E, Croft, S, Croxall, KV, Deason, AJ, De Lorenzo-Cáceres, A, De Marco, B, Dietrich, M, Di Gesu, L, Ebrero, J, Evans, PA, Filippenko, AV, Flatland, K, Gates, EL, Gehrels, N, Geier, S, Gelbord, JM, Gonzalez, L, Gorjian, V, Grupe, D, Gupta, A, Hall, PB, Henderson, CB, Hicks, S, Holmbeck, E, Holoien, TWS, Hutchison, TA, Im, M, Jensen, JJ, Johnson, CA, Joner, MD, Kaspi, S, Kelly, BC, Kelly, PL, Kennea, JA, Kim, M, Kim, SC, Kim, SY, King, A, Klimanov, SA, Krongold, Y, and Lau, MW
- Abstract
We model the ultraviolet spectra of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope during the 6 month reverberation mapping campaign in 2014. Our model of the emission from NGC 5548 corrects for overlying absorption and deblends the individual emission lines. Using the modeled spectra, we measure the response to continuum variations for the deblended and absorption-corrected individual broad emission lines, the velocity-dependent profiles of Ly and C iv, and the narrow and broad intrinsic absorption features. We find that the time lags for the corrected emission lines are comparable to those for the original data. The velocity-binned lag profiles of Ly and C iv have a double-peaked structure indicative of a truncated Keplerian disk. The narrow absorption lines show a delayed response to continuum variations corresponding to recombination in gas with a density of ∼105 cm-3. The high-ionization narrow absorption lines decorrelate from continuum variations during the same period as the broad emission lines. Analyzing the response of these absorption lines during this period shows that the ionizing flux is diminished in strength relative to the far-ultraviolet continuum. The broad absorption lines associated with the X-ray obscurer decrease in strength during this same time interval. The appearance of X-ray obscuration in ∼2012 corresponds with an increase in the luminosity of NGC 5548 following an extended low state. We suggest that the obscurer is a disk wind triggered by the brightening of NGC 5548 following the decrease in size of the broad-line region during the preceding low-luminosity state.
- Published
- 2019
17. Greater cellular stiffness in fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- Author
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Jaffar, J, Yang, SH, Kim, SY, Kim, HW, Faiz, A, Chrzanowski, W, Burgess, JK, Jaffar, J, Yang, SH, Kim, SY, Kim, HW, Faiz, A, Chrzanowski, W, and Burgess, JK
- Published
- 2018
18. Greater cellular stiffness in fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- Author
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Jaffar, J, Yang, SH, Kim, SY, Kim, HW, Faiz, A, Chrzanowski, W, Burgess, JK, Jaffar, J, Yang, SH, Kim, SY, Kim, HW, Faiz, A, Chrzanowski, W, and Burgess, JK
- Published
- 2018
19. Brugia malayi infection in ferrets - A small mammal model of lymphatic filariasis.
- Author
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Makepeace, BL, Jackson-Thompson, BM, Kim, SY, Jaiswal, S, Scott, JR, Jones, SR, Morris, CP, Fite, JJ, Laurie, K, Hoy, AR, Dardzinski, BJ, Mitre, E, Makepeace, BL, Jackson-Thompson, BM, Kim, SY, Jaiswal, S, Scott, JR, Jones, SR, Morris, CP, Fite, JJ, Laurie, K, Hoy, AR, Dardzinski, BJ, and Mitre, E
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: The lack of effective short-course therapies for treatment of the adult stage of filarial worms is a major limitation in the global effort to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Studies using current small mammal models of lymphatic filariasis are limited by difficulties in quantifying adult worm numbers and in assessing lymphatic anatomy and function. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we re-established Brugia malayi infection of ferrets as a model for lymphatic filariasis and demonstrated parasitological, immunological, and histological parallels with human infection. Subcutaneous injection of L3 larvae into a hind-footpad resulted in a mean of 18 adult worms recovered 16 weeks post-infection, primarily from the draining inguinal and femoral lymphatics of the injected limb. Infected ferrets developed microfilaremia, with patency lasting from 12-26 weeks post-infection. Quantitative PCR assessing cytokine transcription by antigen-stimulated lymph node cells demonstrated a mixed Th1/Th2 response occurring during early infection. Immunoregulation with production of down-regulatory cytokine IL-10 occurred just prior to peak microfilaremia. Histological analysis revealed progressive inflammation of the lymphatic vessel walls, with intimal thickening and disorganization of collagen fibers. Inflammation was observed as early as 8 weeks post-infection and extended into the perivascular and subcutaneous tissues by 16 weeks post-infection. Finally, we developed a novel ferret PET/CT lymphoscintigraphy method demonstrating substantial changes in lymphatic anatomy and function as early as 3 weeks post-infection, with progression over the course of infection. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: B. malayi infection of ferrets is a robust model of human lymphatic filariasis that can be utilized to study efficacy of novel antifilarial agents against adult worms residing within lymphatic vessels. In conjunction with PET/CT lymphoscintigraphy, this model can also be used to invest
- Published
- 2018
20. Age 80 years and over is not associated with increased morbidity and mortality following pancreaticoduodenectomy
- Author
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Kim, SY, Fink, MA, Perini, M, Houli, N, Weinberg, L, Muralidharan, V, Starkey, G, Jones, RM, Christophi, C, Nikfarjam, M, Kim, SY, Fink, MA, Perini, M, Houli, N, Weinberg, L, Muralidharan, V, Starkey, G, Jones, RM, Christophi, C, and Nikfarjam, M
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is associated with high morbidity, which is perceived to be increased in the elderly. To our knowledge there have been no Australian series that have compared outcomes of patients over the age of 80 undergoing PD to those who are younger. METHODS: Patients who underwent PD between January 2008 and November 2015 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. RESULTS: A total of 165 patients underwent PD of whom 17 (10.3%) were aged 80 or over. The pre-operative health status, according to American Society of Anesthesiologists class was similar between the groups (P = 0.420). The 90-day mortality rates (5.9% in the elderly and 2% in the younger group; P = 0.355) and the post-operative complication rates (64.7% in the elderly versus 62.8% in the younger group; P = 0.88) were similar. Overall median length of hospital stay was also similar between the groups, but older patients were far more likely to be discharged to a rehabilitation facility than younger patients (47.1 versus 12.8%; P < 0.0001). Older patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 10) had significantly lower median survival than the younger group (n = 69) (16.6 versus 22.5 months; P = 0.048). CONCLUSION: No significant differences were seen in the rate of complications following PD in patients aged 80 or over compared to younger patients, although there appears to be a shorter survival in the elderly patients treated for pancreatic cancer. Careful selection of elderly patients and optimal peri-operative care, rather than age should be used to determine whether surgical intervention is indicated in this patient group.
- Published
- 2018
21. Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 Induces FoxM1B in Oral Keratinocytes through GRHL2.
- Author
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Chen, W, Chen, W, Shimane, T, Kawano, S, Alshaikh, A, Kim, SY, Chung, SH, Kim, RH, Shin, KH, Walentin, K, Park, NH, Schmidt-Ott, KM, Kang, MK, Chen, W, Chen, W, Shimane, T, Kawano, S, Alshaikh, A, Kim, SY, Chung, SH, Kim, RH, Shin, KH, Walentin, K, Park, NH, Schmidt-Ott, KM, and Kang, MK
- Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for oral and pharyngeal cancers (OPCs), yet the detailed mechanisms by which HPV promotes OPCs are not understood. Forkhead box M1B (FoxM1B) is an oncogene essential for cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis, and it is aberrantly overexpressed in many tumors. We previously showed that FoxM1B was the putative target of an epithelial-specific transcription factor, Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2). In the current study, we demonstrate that HPV type 16 (HPV-16) E6 induces FoxM1B in human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) and tonsillar epithelial cells (TECs) in part through GRHL2. FoxM1B was barely detectable in cultured normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) and progressively increased in immortalized HOKs harboring HPV-16 genome (HOK-16B) and tumorigenic HOK-16B/BaP-T cells. Retroviral expression of HPV-16 E6 and/or E7 in NHOKs, TECs, and hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells (FaDu) revealed induction of FoxM1B and GRHL2 by the E6 protein but not E7. Both GRHL2 and FoxM1B were strongly induced in the epidermis of HPV-16 E6 transgenic mice and HPV+ oral squamous cell carcinomas. Ectopic expression of FoxM1B led to acquisition of transformed phenotype in HOK-16B cells. Loss of FoxM1B by lentiviral short hairpin RNA vector or chemical inhibitor led to elimination of tumorigenic characteristics of HOK-16B/BaP-T cells. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that GRHL2 directly bound and regulated the FoxM1B gene promoter activity. Using epithelial-specific Grhl2 conditional knockout mice, we exposed wild-type (WT) and Grhl2 KO mice to 4-nitroquinolin 1-oxide (4-NQO), which led to induction of FoxM1B in the tongue tissues and rampant oral tumor development in the WT mice. However, 4-NQO exposure failed to induce tongue tumors or induction of FoxM1B expression in Grhl2 KO mice. Collectively, these results indicate that HPV-16 induces FoxM1B in part through GRHL2 transcriptional activity and that elevated FoxM1B level is required for orop
- Published
- 2018
22. Inhibition of cyclophilin D by cyclosporin A promotes retinal ganglion cell survival by preventing mitochondrial alteration in ischemic injury.
- Author
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Kim, SY, Kim, SY, Shim, MS, Kim, K-Y, Weinreb, RN, Wheeler, LA, Ju, W-K, Kim, SY, Kim, SY, Shim, MS, Kim, K-Y, Weinreb, RN, Wheeler, LA, and Ju, W-K
- Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibits the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) by interacting with cyclophilin D (CypD) and ameliorates neuronal cell death in the central nervous system against ischemic injury. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CypD/MPTP opening-mediated cell death in ischemic retinal injury induced by acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation remain unknown. We observed the first direct evidence that acute IOP elevation significantly upregulated CypD protein expression in ischemic retina at 12 h. However, CsA prevented the upregulation of CypD protein expression and promoted retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival against ischemic injury. Moreover, CsA blocked apoptotic cell death by decreasing cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in ischemic retina. Of interest, although the expression level of Bcl-xL protein did not show a significant change in ischemic retina treated with vehicle or CsA at 12 h, ischemic damage induced the reduction of Bcl-xL immunoreactivity in RGCs. More importantly, CsA preserved Bcl-xL immunoreactivity in RGCs of ischemic retina. In parallel, acute IOP elevation significantly increased phosphorylated Bad (pBad) at Ser112 protein expression in ischemic retina at 12 h. However, CsA significantly preserved pBad protein expression in ischemic retina. Finally, acute IOP elevation significantly increased mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) protein expression in ischemic retina at 12 h. However, CsA significantly preserved Tfam protein expression in ischemic retina. Studies on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in ischemic retina showed that there were no statistically significant differences in mtDNA content among control and ischemic groups treated with vehicle or CsA. Therefore, these results provide evidence that the activation of CypD-mediated MPTP opening is associated with the apoptotic pathway and the mitochondrial alteration in RGC death of ischemic retinal injury. On the basis of these o
- Published
- 2014
23. Inhibition of cyclophilin D by cyclosporin A promotes retinal ganglion cell survival by preventing mitochondrial alteration in ischemic injury.
- Author
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Kim, SY, Kim, SY, Shim, MS, Kim, K-Y, Weinreb, RN, Wheeler, LA, Ju, W-K, Kim, SY, Kim, SY, Shim, MS, Kim, K-Y, Weinreb, RN, Wheeler, LA, and Ju, W-K
- Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibits the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) by interacting with cyclophilin D (CypD) and ameliorates neuronal cell death in the central nervous system against ischemic injury. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CypD/MPTP opening-mediated cell death in ischemic retinal injury induced by acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation remain unknown. We observed the first direct evidence that acute IOP elevation significantly upregulated CypD protein expression in ischemic retina at 12 h. However, CsA prevented the upregulation of CypD protein expression and promoted retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival against ischemic injury. Moreover, CsA blocked apoptotic cell death by decreasing cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in ischemic retina. Of interest, although the expression level of Bcl-xL protein did not show a significant change in ischemic retina treated with vehicle or CsA at 12 h, ischemic damage induced the reduction of Bcl-xL immunoreactivity in RGCs. More importantly, CsA preserved Bcl-xL immunoreactivity in RGCs of ischemic retina. In parallel, acute IOP elevation significantly increased phosphorylated Bad (pBad) at Ser112 protein expression in ischemic retina at 12 h. However, CsA significantly preserved pBad protein expression in ischemic retina. Finally, acute IOP elevation significantly increased mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) protein expression in ischemic retina at 12 h. However, CsA significantly preserved Tfam protein expression in ischemic retina. Studies on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in ischemic retina showed that there were no statistically significant differences in mtDNA content among control and ischemic groups treated with vehicle or CsA. Therefore, these results provide evidence that the activation of CypD-mediated MPTP opening is associated with the apoptotic pathway and the mitochondrial alteration in RGC death of ischemic retinal injury. On the basis of these o
- Published
- 2014
24. Impact of biogenic volatile organic compounds on ozone production at the Taehwa Research Forest near Seoul, South Korea
- Author
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Kim, SY, Kim, SY, Jiang, X, Lee, M, Turnipseed, A, Guenther, A, Kim, JC, Lee, SJ, Kim, S, Kim, SY, Kim, SY, Jiang, X, Lee, M, Turnipseed, A, Guenther, A, Kim, JC, Lee, SJ, and Kim, S
- Abstract
The importance of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in understanding of air-quality and climate on regional to global scales has been highlighted in a number of modeling and observational studies. At the same time, another important emerging research topic in atmospheric chemistry is the regional and global impacts of fast growing East Asian megacities. These two research topics must be integrated in order to adequately understand and address air quality challenges emerging from Eastern Asian megacities surrounded by planted or natural forest areas. We present initial measurement results for May, June and September 2011 from the Taehwa Research Forest (TRF) which has been developed to serve as a long term observatory for investigating biosphere-atmosphere interactions at the edge of the Seoul Metropolitan Area (population of ∼23.5 million). The comprehensive measurement datasets of ozone and its precursors such as CO, NOx, SO2 and VOCs shows that high ozone episodes in the suburban site could not be explained by just anthropogenic pollutants alone. In addition, isoprene (C5H8) and monoterpenes (C10H16) were observed as two of the most important OH chemical sinks inside of the forest canopy. In order to understand the impacts of these BVOCs on ozone and related photochemistry, we conducted model sensitivity simulations using a coupled meteorology-chemistry model (WRF-Chem) for conditions including with and without BVOC emissions. The modeling results suggest that BVOC emissions could enhance regional daytime ozone production from 5 to 20 ppbv. The observed temporal variations in ozone correspond well with the variations in BVOCs, which likely reflects the influence of BVOCs on ozone formation. These findings strongly suggest that interactions between anthropogenic pollutants and BVOCs must be understood and quantified in order to assess photochemical ozone formation in the regions surrounding East Asian megacities. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
- Published
- 2013
25. Impact of biogenic volatile organic compounds on ozone production at the Taehwa Research Forest near Seoul, South Korea
- Author
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Kim, SY, Kim, SY, Jiang, X, Lee, M, Turnipseed, A, Guenther, A, Kim, JC, Lee, SJ, Kim, S, Kim, SY, Kim, SY, Jiang, X, Lee, M, Turnipseed, A, Guenther, A, Kim, JC, Lee, SJ, and Kim, S
- Abstract
The importance of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in understanding of air-quality and climate on regional to global scales has been highlighted in a number of modeling and observational studies. At the same time, another important emerging research topic in atmospheric chemistry is the regional and global impacts of fast growing East Asian megacities. These two research topics must be integrated in order to adequately understand and address air quality challenges emerging from Eastern Asian megacities surrounded by planted or natural forest areas. We present initial measurement results for May, June and September 2011 from the Taehwa Research Forest (TRF) which has been developed to serve as a long term observatory for investigating biosphere-atmosphere interactions at the edge of the Seoul Metropolitan Area (population of ∼23.5 million). The comprehensive measurement datasets of ozone and its precursors such as CO, NOx, SO2 and VOCs shows that high ozone episodes in the suburban site could not be explained by just anthropogenic pollutants alone. In addition, isoprene (C5H8) and monoterpenes (C10H16) were observed as two of the most important OH chemical sinks inside of the forest canopy. In order to understand the impacts of these BVOCs on ozone and related photochemistry, we conducted model sensitivity simulations using a coupled meteorology-chemistry model (WRF-Chem) for conditions including with and without BVOC emissions. The modeling results suggest that BVOC emissions could enhance regional daytime ozone production from 5 to 20 ppbv. The observed temporal variations in ozone correspond well with the variations in BVOCs, which likely reflects the influence of BVOCs on ozone formation. These findings strongly suggest that interactions between anthropogenic pollutants and BVOCs must be understood and quantified in order to assess photochemical ozone formation in the regions surrounding East Asian megacities. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
- Published
- 2013
26. MRI-based 3D analysis of necrotic region in osteonecrosis of femoral head
- Author
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Kim, JY, Seo, A, Kim, JJ, Kim, SY, Kim, JY, Seo, A, Kim, JJ, and Kim, SY
- Published
- 2017
27. Total hip arthroplasty in patients with failed fibular grafting for the osteonecrosis of femoral head
- Author
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Baek, SH, Min, SK, Yoon, SH, Kim, SY, Baek, SH, Min, SK, Yoon, SH, and Kim, SY
- Published
- 2017
28. Imbalanced Bone Turnover Markers and Low Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head
- Author
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Tian, L, Baek, SH, Kim, TH, Kim, SY, Tian, L, Baek, SH, Kim, TH, and Kim, SY
- Published
- 2017
29. Association of a complement receptor 2 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to osteonecrosis of the femoral head in systemic lupus erythematosus
- Author
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Baek, SH, Bae, SC, Kim, TH, Kim, SY, Baek, SH, Bae, SC, Kim, TH, and Kim, SY
- Published
- 2017
30. MRI-based 3D analysis of necrotic region in osteonecrosis of femoral head
- Author
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Kim, JY, Seo, A, Kim, JJ, Kim, SY, Kim, JY, Seo, A, Kim, JJ, and Kim, SY
- Published
- 2017
31. MRI-based 3D simulation of transtrochanteric anterior rotational osteotomy for osteonecrosis of femoral head: A study of three cases
- Author
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Kim, JY, Park, J, Kim, B, Seo, A, Kim, H, Kim, JI, Kim, SY, Kim, JY, Park, J, Kim, B, Seo, A, Kim, H, Kim, JI, and Kim, SY
- Published
- 2017
32. Total hip arthroplasty in patients with failed fibular grafting for the osteonecrosis of femoral head
- Author
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Baek, SH, Min, SK, Yoon, SH, Kim, SY, Baek, SH, Min, SK, Yoon, SH, and Kim, SY
- Published
- 2017
33. Imbalanced Bone Turnover Markers and Low Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head
- Author
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Tian, L, Baek, SH, Kim, TH, Kim, SY, Tian, L, Baek, SH, Kim, TH, and Kim, SY
- Published
- 2017
34. MRI-based 3D simulation of transtrochanteric anterior rotational osteotomy for osteonecrosis of femoral head: A study of three cases
- Author
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Kim, JY, Park, J, Kim, B, Seo, A, Kim, H, Kim, JI, Kim, SY, Kim, JY, Park, J, Kim, B, Seo, A, Kim, H, Kim, JI, and Kim, SY
- Published
- 2017
35. Association of a complement receptor 2 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to osteonecrosis of the femoral head in systemic lupus erythematosus
- Author
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Baek, SH, Bae, SC, Kim, TH, Kim, SY, Baek, SH, Bae, SC, Kim, TH, and Kim, SY
- Published
- 2017
36. Lay health epistemics and motivated information behaviors of new food technology
- Author
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Kim, S, Kim, J-N, Kim, SY, Kim, S, Kim, J-N, and Kim, SY
- Published
- 2017
37. Lay health epistemics and motivated information behaviors of new food technology
- Author
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Kim, S, Kim, J-N, Kim, SY, Kim, S, Kim, J-N, and Kim, SY
- Published
- 2017
38. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition).
- Author
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Klionsky, Dj, Abdelmohsen, K, Abe, A, Abedin, Mj, Abeliovich, H, Acevedo Arozena, A, Adachi, H, Adams, Cm, Adams, Pd, Adeli, K, Adhihetty, Pj, Adler, Sg, Agam, G, Agarwal, R, Aghi, Mk, Agnello, M, Agostinis, P, Aguilar, Pv, Aguirre-Ghiso, J, Airoldi, Em, Ait-Si-Ali, S, Akematsu, T, Akporiaye, Et, Al-Rubeai, M, Albaiceta, Gm, Albanese, C, Albani, D, Albert, Ml, Aldudo, J, Algül, H, Alirezaei, M, Alloza, I, Almasan, A, Almonte-Beceril, M, Alnemri, E, Alonso, C, Altan-Bonnet, N, Altieri, Dc, Alvarez, S, Alvarez-Erviti, L, Alves, S, Amadoro, G, Amano, A, Amantini, C, Ambrosio, S, Amelio, I, Amer, Ao, Amessou, M, Amon, A, An, Z, Anania, Fa, Andersen, Su, Andley, Up, Andreadi, Ck, Andrieu-Abadie, N, Anel, A, Ann, Dk, Anoopkumar-Dukie, S, Antonioli, M, Aoki, H, Apostolova, N, Aquila, S, Aquilano, K, Araki, K, Arama, E, Aranda, A, Araya, J, Arcaro, A, Arias, E, Arimoto, H, Ariosa, Ar, Armstrong, Jl, Arnould, T, Arsov, I, Asanuma, K, Askanas, V, Asselin, E, Atarashi, R, Atherton, S, Atkin, Jd, Attardi, Ld, Auberger, P, Auburger, G, Aurelian, L, Autelli, R, Avagliano, L, Avantaggiati, Ml, Avrahami, L, Awale, S, Azad, N, Bachetti, T, Backer, Jm, Bae, Dh, Bae, J, Bae, On, Bae, Sh, Baehrecke, Eh, Baek, Sh, Baghdiguian, S, Bagniewska-Zadworna, A, Bai, H, Bai, J, Bai, Xy, Bailly, Y, Balaji, Kn, Balduini, W, Ballabio, A, Balzan, R, Banerjee, R, Bánhegyi, G, Bao, H, Barbeau, B, Barrachina, Md, Barreiro, E, Bartel, B, Bartolomé, A, Bassham, Dc, Bassi, Mt, Bast RC, Jr, Basu, A, Batista, Mt, Batoko, H, Battino, M, Bauckman, K, Baumgarner, Bl, Bayer, Ku, Beale, R, Beaulieu, Jf, Beck GR, Jr, Becker, C, Beckham, Jd, Bédard, Pa, Bednarski, Pj, Begley, Tj, Behl, C, Behrends, C, Behrens, Gm, Behrns, Ke, Bejarano, E, Belaid, A, Belleudi, F, Bénard, G, Berchem, G, Bergamaschi, D, Bergami, M, Berkhout, B, Berliocchi, L, Bernard, A, Bernard, M, Bernassola, F, Bertolotti, A, Bess, A, Besteiro, S, Bettuzzi, S, Bhalla, S, Bhattacharyya, S, Bhutia, Sk, Biagosch, C, Bianchi, Mw, Biard-Piechaczyk, M, Billes, V, Bincoletto, C, Bingol, B, Bird, Sw, Bitoun, M, Bjedov, I, Blackstone, C, Blanc, L, Blanco, Ga, Blomhoff, Hk, Boada-Romero, E, Böckler, S, Boes, M, Boesze-Battaglia, K, Boise, Lh, Bolino, A, Boman, A, Bonaldo, P, Bordi, M, Bosch, J, Botana, Lm, Botti, J, Bou, G, Bouché, M, Bouchecareilh, M, Boucher, Mj, Boulton, Me, Bouret, Sg, Boya, P, Boyer-Guittaut, M, Bozhkov, Pv, Brady, N, Braga, Vm, Brancolini, C, Braus, Gh, Bravo-San Pedro, Jm, Brennan, La, Bresnick, Eh, Brest, P, Bridges, D, Bringer, Ma, Brini, M, Brito, Gc, Brodin, B, Brookes, P, Brown, Ej, Brown, K, Broxmeyer, He, Bruhat, A, Brum, Pc, Brumell, Jh, Brunetti-Pierri, N, Bryson-Richardson, Rj, Buch, S, Buchan, Am, Budak, H, Bulavin, Dv, Bultman, Sj, Bultynck, G, Bumbasirevic, V, Burelle, Y, Burke, Re, Burmeister, M, Bütikofer, P, Caberlotto, L, Cadwell, K, Cahova, M, Cai, D, Cai, J, Cai, Q, Calatayud, S, Camougrand, N, Campanella, M, Campbell, Gr, Campbell, M, Campello, S, Candau, R, Caniggia, I, Cantoni, L, Cao, L, 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Nawrocki, St, Nazarko, Ty, Nazarko, Vy, Neill, T, Neri, Lm, Netea, Mg, Netea-Maier, Rt, Neves, Bm, Ney, Pa, Nezis, Ip, Nguyen, Ht, Nguyen, Hp, Nicot, A, Nilsen, H, Nilsson, P, Nishimura, M, Nishino, I, Niso-Santano, M, Niu, H, Nixon, Ra, Njar, Vc, Noda, T, Noegel, Aa, Nolte, Em, Norberg, E, Norga, Kk, Noureini, Sk, Notomi, S, Notterpek, L, Nowikovsky, K, Nukina, N, Nürnberger, T, O'Donnell, Vb, O'Donovan, T, O'Dwyer, Pj, Oehme, I, Oeste, Cl, Ogawa, M, Ogretmen, B, Ogura, Y, Oh, Yj, Ohmuraya, M, Ohshima, T, Ojha, R, Okamoto, K, Okazaki, T, Oliver, Fj, Ollinger, K, Olsson, S, Orban, Dp, Ordonez, P, Orhon, I, Orosz, L, O'Rourke, Ej, Orozco, H, Ortega, Al, Ortona, E, Osellame, Ld, Oshima, J, Oshima, S, Osiewacz, Hd, Otomo, T, Otsu, K, Ou, Jh, Outeiro, Tf, Ouyang, Dy, Ouyang, H, Overholtzer, M, Ozbun, Ma, Ozdinler, Ph, Ozpolat, B, Pacelli, C, Paganetti, P, Page, G, Pages, G, Pagnini, U, Pajak, B, Pak, Sc, Pakos-Zebrucka, K, Pakpour, N, Palková, Z, Palladino, F, Pallauf, K, Pallet, N, 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Lc, Platta, Hw, Plowey, Ed, Pöggeler, S, Poirot, M, Polčic, P, Poletti, A, Poon, Ah, Popelka, H, Popova, B, Poprawa, I, Poulose, Sm, Poulton, J, Powers, Sk, Powers, T, Pozuelo-Rubio, M, Prak, K, Prange, R, Prescott, M, Priault, M, Prince, S, Proia, Rl, Proikas-Cezanne, T, Prokisch, H, Promponas, Vj, Przyklenk, K, Puertollano, R, Pugazhenthi, S, Puglielli, L, Pujol, A, Puyal, J, Pyeon, D, Qi, X, Qian, Wb, Qin, Zh, Qiu, Y, Qu, Z, Quadrilatero, J, Quinn, F, Raben, N, Rabinowich, H, Radogna, F, Ragusa, Mj, Rahmani, M, Raina, K, Ramanadham, S, Ramesh, R, Rami, A, Randall-Demllo, S, Randow, F, Rao, H, Rao, Va, Rasmussen, Bb, Rasse, Tm, Ratovitski, Ea, Rautou, Pe, Ray, Sk, Razani, B, Reed, Bh, Reggiori, F, Rehm, M, Reichert, A, Rein, T, Reiner, Dj, Reits, E, Ren, J, Ren, X, Renna, M, Reusch, Je, Revuelta, Jl, Reyes, L, Rezaie, Ar, Richards, Ri, Richardson, Dr, Richetta, C, Riehle, Ma, Rihn, Bh, Rikihisa, Y, Riley, Be, Rimbach, G, Rippo, Mr, Ritis, K, Rizzi, F, Rizzo, E, Roach, Pj, Robbins, J, Roberge, M, Roca, G, Roccheri, Mc, Rocha, S, Rodrigues, Cm, Rodríguez, Ci, de Cordoba, Sr, Rodriguez-Muela, N, Roelofs, J, Rogov, Vv, Rohn, Tt, Rohrer, B, Romanelli, D, Romani, L, Romano, P, Roncero, Mi, Rosa, Jl, Rosello, A, Rosen, Kv, Rosenstiel, P, Rost-Roszkowska, M, Roth, Ka, Roué, G, Rouis, M, Rouschop, Km, Ruan, Dt, Ruano, D, Rubinsztein, Dc, Rucker EB, 3rd, Rudich, A, Rudolf, E, Rudolf, R, Ruegg, Ma, Ruiz-Roldan, C, Ruparelia, Aa, Rusmini, P, Russ, Dw, Russo, Gl, Russo, G, Russo, R, Rusten, Te, Ryabovol, V, Ryan, Km, Ryter, Sw, Sabatini, Dm, Sacher, M, Sachse, C, Sack, Mn, Sadoshima, J, Saftig, P, Sagi-Eisenberg, R, Sahni, S, Saikumar, P, Saito, T, Saitoh, T, Sakakura, K, Sakoh-Nakatogawa, M, Sakuraba, Y, Salazar-Roa, M, Salomoni, P, Saluja, Ak, Salvaterra, Pm, Salvioli, R, Samali, A, Sanchez, Am, Sánchez-Alcázar, Ja, Sanchez-Prieto, R, Sandri, M, Sanjuan, Ma, Santaguida, S, Santambrogio, L, Santoni, G, Dos Santos, Cn, Saran, S, Sardiello, M, Sargent, G, Sarkar, P, Sarkar, S, Sarrias, Mr, Sarwal, Mm, Sasakawa, C, Sasaki, M, Sass, M, Sato, K, Sato, M, Satriano, J, Savaraj, N, Saveljeva, S, Schaefer, L, Schaible, Ue, Scharl, M, Schatzl, Hm, Schekman, R, Scheper, W, Schiavi, A, Schipper, Hm, Schmeisser, H, Schmidt, J, Schmitz, I, Schneider, Be, Schneider, Em, Schneider, Jl, Schon, Ea, Schönenberger, Mj, Schönthal, Ah, Schorderet, Df, Schröder, B, Schuck, S, Schulze, Rj, Schwarten, M, Schwarz, Tl, Sciarretta, S, Scotto, K, Scovassi, Ai, Screaton, Ra, Screen, M, Seca, H, Sedej, S, Segatori, L, Segev, N, Seglen, Po, Seguí-Simarro, Jm, Segura-Aguilar, J, Seki, E, Sell, C, Seiliez, I, Semenkovich, Cf, Semenza, Gl, Sen, U, Serra, Al, Serrano-Puebla, A, Sesaki, H, Setoguchi, T, Settembre, C, Shacka, Jj, Shajahan-Haq, An, Shapiro, Im, Sharma, S, She, H, Shen, Ck, Shen, Cc, Shen, Hm, Shen, S, Shen, W, Sheng, R, Sheng, X, Sheng, Zh, Shepherd, Tg, Shi, J, Shi, Q, Shi, Y, Shibutani, S, Shibuya, K, Shidoji, Y, Shieh, Jj, Shih, Cm, Shimada, Y, Shimizu, S, Shin, Dw, Shinohara, Ml, Shintani, M, Shintani, T, Shioi, T, Shirabe, K, Shiri-Sverdlov, R, Shirihai, O, Shore, Gc, Shu, Cw, Shukla, D, Sibirny, Aa, Sica, V, Sigurdson, Cj, Sigurdsson, Em, Sijwali, P, Sikorska, B, Silveira, Wa, Silvente-Poirot, S, Silverman, Ga, Simak, J, Simmet, T, Simon, Ak, Simon, Hu, Simone, C, Simons, M, Simonsen, A, Singh, R, Singh, Sv, Singh, Sk, Sinha, D, Sinha, S, Sinicrope, Fa, Sirko, A, Sirohi, K, Sishi, Bj, Sittler, A, Siu, Pm, Sivridis, E, Skwarska, A, Slack, R, Slaninová, I, Slavov, N, Smaili, S, Smalley, K, Smith, Dr, Soenen, Sj, Soleimanpour, Sa, Solhaug, A, Somasundaram, K, Son, Jh, Sonawane, A, Song, C, Song, F, Song, Hk, Song, Jx, Song, W, Soo, Ky, Sood, Ak, Soong, Tw, Soontornniyomkij, V, Sorice, M, Sotgia, F, Soto-Pantoja, Dr, Sotthibundhu, A, Sousa, Mj, Spaink, Hp, Span, Pn, Spang, A, Sparks, Jd, Speck, Pg, Spector, Sa, Spies, Cd, Springer, W, Clair, D, Stacchiotti, A, Staels, B, Stang, Mt, Starczynowski, Dt, Starokadomskyy, P, Steegborn, C, Steele, Jw, Stefanis, L, Steffan, J, Stellrecht, Cm, Stenmark, H, Stepkowski, Tm, Stern, St, Stevens, C, Stockwell, Br, Stoka, V, Storchova, Z, Stork, B, Stratoulias, V, Stravopodis, Dj, Strnad, P, Strohecker, Am, Ström, Al, Stromhaug, P, Stulik, J, Su, Yx, Su, Z, Subauste, C, Subramaniam, S, Sue, Cm, Suh, Sw, Sui, X, Sukseree, S, Sulzer, D, Sun, Fl, Sun, J, Sun, Sy, Sun, Y, Sundaramoorthy, V, Sung, J, Suzuki, H, Suzuki, K, Suzuki, N, Suzuki, T, Suzuki, Yj, Swanson, M, Swanton, C, Swärd, K, Swarup, G, Sweeney, St, Sylvester, Pw, Szatmari, Z, Szegezdi, E, Szlosarek, Pw, Taegtmeyer, H, Tafani, M, Taillebourg, E, Tait, Sw, Takacs-Vellai, K, Takahashi, Y, Takáts, S, Takemura, G, Takigawa, N, Talbot, Nj, Tamagno, E, Tamburini, J, Tan, Cp, Tan, L, Tan, Ml, Tan, M, Tan, Yj, Tanaka, K, Tanaka, M, Tang, D, Tang, G, Tanida, I, Tanji, K, Tannous, Ba, Tapia, Ja, Tasset-Cuevas, I, Tatar, M, Tavassoly, I, Tavernarakis, N, Taylor, A, Taylor, G, Taylor, Ga, Taylor, Jp, Taylor, Mj, Tchetina, Ev, Tee, Ar, Teixeira-Clerc, F, Telang, S, Tencomnao, T, Teng, Bb, Teng, Rj, Terro, F, Tettamanti, G, Theiss, Al, Theron, Ae, Thomas, Kj, Thomé, Mp, Thomes, Pg, Thorburn, A, Thorner, J, Thum, T, Thumm, M, Thurston, Tl, Tian, L, Till, A, Ting, Jp, Titorenko, Vi, Toker, L, Toldo, S, Tooze, Sa, Topisirovic, I, Torgersen, Ml, Torosantucci, L, Torriglia, A, Torrisi, Mr, Tournier, C, Towns, R, Trajkovic, V, Travassos, Lh, Triola, G, Tripathi, Dn, Trisciuoglio, D, Troncoso, R, Trougakos, Ip, Truttmann, Ac, Tsai, Kj, Tschan, Mp, Tseng, Yh, Tsukuba, T, Tsung, A, Tsvetkov, A, Tu, S, Tuan, Hy, Tucci, M, Tumbarello, Da, Turk, B, Turk, V, Turner, Rf, Tveita, Aa, Tyagi, Sc, Ubukata, M, Uchiyama, Y, Udelnow, A, Ueno, T, Umekawa, M, Umemiya-Shirafuji, R, Underwood, Br, Ungermann, C, Ureshino, Rp, Ushioda, R, Uversky, Vn, Uzcátegui, Nl, Vaccari, T, Vaccaro, Mi, Váchová, L, Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, H, Valdor, R, Valente, Em, Vallette, F, Valverde, Am, Van den Berghe, G, Van Den Bosch, L, van den Brink, Gr, van der Goot, Fg, van der Klei, Ij, van der Laan, Lj, van Doorn, Wg, van Egmond, M, van Golen, Kl, Van Kaer, L, van Lookeren Campagne, M, Vandenabeele, P, Vandenberghe, W, Vanhorebeek, I, Varela-Nieto, I, Vasconcelos, Mh, Vasko, R, Vavvas, Dg, Vega-Naredo, I, Velasco, G, Velentzas, Ad, Velentzas, Pd, Vellai, T, Vellenga, E, Vendelbo, Mh, Venkatachalam, K, Ventura, N, Ventura, S, Veras, P, Verdier, M, Vertessy, Bg, Viale, A, Vidal, M, Vieira, Hl, Vierstra, Rd, Vigneswaran, N, Vij, N, Vila, M, Villar, M, Villar, Vh, Villarroya, J, Vindis, C, Viola, G, Viscomi, Maria Teresa, Vitale, G, Vogl, Dt, Voitsekhovskaja, Ov, von Haefen, C, von Schwarzenberg, K, Voth, De, Vouret-Craviari, V, Vuori, K, Vyas, Jm, Waeber, C, Walker, Cl, Walker, Mj, Walter, J, Wan, L, Wan, X, Wang, B, Wang, C, Wang, Cy, Wang, D, Wang, F, Wang, G, Wang, Hj, Wang, H, Wang, Hg, Wang, Hd, Wang, J, Wang, M, Wang, Mq, Wang, Py, Wang, P, Wang, Rc, Wang, S, Wang, Tf, Wang, X, Wang, Xj, Wang, Xw, Wang, Y, Wang, Yj, Wang, Yt, Wang, Zn, Wappner, P, Ward, C, Ward, Dm, Warnes, G, Watada, H, Watanabe, Y, Watase, K, Weaver, Te, Weekes, Cd, Wei, J, Weide, T, Weihl, Cc, Weindl, G, Weis, Sn, Wen, L, Wen, X, Wen, Y, Westermann, B, Weyand, Cm, White, Ar, White, E, Whitton, Jl, Whitworth, Aj, Wiels, J, Wild, F, Wildenberg, Me, Wileman, T, Wilkinson, D, Wilkinson, S, Willbold, D, Williams, C, Williams, K, Williamson, Pr, Winklhofer, Kf, Witkin, S, Wohlgemuth, Se, Wollert, T, Wolvetang, Ej, Wong, E, Wong, Gw, Wong, Rw, Wong, Vk, Woodcock, Ea, Wright, Kl, Wu, C, Wu, D, Wu, G, Wu, J, Wu, M, Wu, S, Wu, Wk, Wu, Y, Wu, Z, Xavier, Cp, Xavier, Rj, Xia, Gx, Xia, T, Xia, W, Xia, Y, Xiao, H, Xiao, J, Xiao, S, Xiao, W, Xie, Cm, Xie, Z, Xilouri, M, Xiong, Y, Xu, C, Xu, F, Xu, H, Xu, J, Xu, L, X, Xu, Xu, Y, Xu, Zx, Xu, Z, Xue, Y, Yamada, T, Yamamoto, A, Yamanaka, K, Yamashina, S, Yamashiro, S, Yan, B, Yan, X, Yan, Z, Yanagi, Y, Yang, D, Yang, Jm, Yang, L, Yang, M, Yang, Pm, Yang, P, Yang, Q, Yang, W, Yang, Wy, Yang, X, Yang, Y, Yang, Z, Yao, Mc, Yao, Pj, Yao, X, Yao, Z, Yasui, L, Ye, M, Yedvobnick, B, Yeganeh, B, Yeh, E, Yeyati, Pl, Yi, F, Yi, L, Yin, Xm, Yip, Ck, Yoo, Ym, Yoo, Yh, Yoon, Sy, Yoshida, K, Yoshimori, T, Young, Kh, Yu, H, Yu, Jj, Yu, Jt, Yu, J, Yu, L, Yu, Wh, Yu, Xf, Yu, Z, Yuan, J, Yuan, Zm, Yue, By, Yue, J, Yue, Z, Zacks, Dn, Zacksenhaus, E, Zaffaroni, N, Zaglia, T, Zakeri, Z, Zecchini, V, Zeng, J, Zeng, M, Zeng, Q, Zervos, A, Zhang, Dd, Zhang, F, Zhang, G, Zhang, Gc, Zhang, H, Zhang, J, Zhang, Jp, Zhang, L, Zhang, My, Zhang, X, Zhang, Xd, Zhang, Y, Zhao, M, Zhao, Wl, Zhao, X, Zhao, Yg, Zhao, Y, Zhao, Yx, Zhao, Z, Zhao, Zj, Zheng, D, Zheng, Xl, Zheng, X, Zhivotovsky, B, Zhong, Q, Zhou, Gz, Zhou, G, Zhou, H, Zhou, Sf, Zhou, Xj, Zhu, H, Zhu, Wg, Zhu, W, Zhu, Xf, Zhu, Y, Zhuang, Sm, Zhuang, X, Ziparo, E, Zois, Ce, Zoladek, T, Zong, Wx, Zorzano, A, Zughaier, Sm., and Viscomi MT (ORCID:0000-0002-9096-4967)
- Abstract
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy. Here, we prese
- Published
- 2016
39. Impact of isoprene and HONO chemistry on ozone and OVOC formation in a semirural South Korean forest
- Author
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Kim, S, Kim, S, Kim, SY, Lee, M, Shim, H, Wolfe, GM, Guenther, AB, He, A, Hong, Y, Han, J, Kim, S, Kim, S, Kim, SY, Lee, M, Shim, H, Wolfe, GM, Guenther, AB, He, A, Hong, Y, and Han, J
- Abstract
Rapid urbanization and economic development in East Asia in past decades has led to photochemical air pollution problems such as excess photochemical ozone and aerosol formation. Asian megacities such as Seoul, Tokyo, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Beijing are surrounded by densely forested areas, and recent research has consistently demonstrated the importance of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from vegetation in determining oxidation capacity in the suburban Asian megacity regions. Uncertainties in constraining tropospheric oxidation capacity, dominated by hydroxyl radical, undermine our ability to assess regional photochemical air pollution problems. We present an observational data set of CO, NOx, SO2, ozone, HONO, and VOCs (anthropogenic and biogenic) from Taehwa research forest (TRF) near the Seoul metropolitan area in early June 2012. The data show that TRF is influenced both by aged pollution and fresh biogenic volatile organic compound emissions. With the data set, we diagnose HOx (OH, HO2, and RO2) distributions calculated using the University of Washington chemical box model (UWCM v2.1) with near-explicit VOC oxidation mechanisms from MCM v3.2 (Master Chemical Mechanism). Uncertainty from unconstrained HONO sources and radical recycling processes highlighted in recent studies is examined using multiple model simulations with different model constraints. The results suggest that (1) different model simulation scenarios cause systematic differences in HOx distributions, especially OH levels (up to 2.5 times), and (2) radical destruction (HO2 + HO2 or HO2 + RO2) could be more efficient than radical recycling (RO2 + NO), especially in the afternoon. Implications of the uncertainties in radical chemistry are discussed with respect to ozone-VOC-NOx sensitivity and VOC oxidation product formation rates. Overall, the NOx limited regime is assessed except for the morning hours (8 a.m. to 12 p.m. local standard time), but the degree of sensitivity can signific
- Published
- 2015
40. AUY922 effectively overcomes MET- And AXL-mediated resistance to EGFR-TKI in lung cancer cells
- Author
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Bivona, Trever, Bivona, Trever, Choi, YJ, Kim, SY, So, KS, Baek, IJ, Kim, WS, Choi, SH, Lee, JC, Bivona, TG, Rho, JK, Choi, CM, Bivona, Trever, Bivona, Trever, Choi, YJ, Kim, SY, So, KS, Baek, IJ, Kim, WS, Choi, SH, Lee, JC, Bivona, TG, Rho, JK, and Choi, CM
- Abstract
© 2015, public library of science. All rights reserved.The activation of bypass signals, such as MET and AXL, has been identified as a possible mechanism of EGFR-TKI resistance. Because various oncoproteins depend on HSP90 for maturation and stability, we
- Published
- 2015
41. AUY922 effectively overcomes MET- And AXL-mediated resistance to EGFR-TKI in lung cancer cells
- Author
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Bivona, Trever, Bivona, Trever, Choi, YJ, Kim, SY, So, KS, Baek, IJ, Kim, WS, Choi, SH, Lee, JC, Bivona, TG, Rho, JK, Choi, CM, Bivona, Trever, Bivona, Trever, Choi, YJ, Kim, SY, So, KS, Baek, IJ, Kim, WS, Choi, SH, Lee, JC, Bivona, TG, Rho, JK, and Choi, CM
- Abstract
© 2015, public library of science. All rights reserved.The activation of bypass signals, such as MET and AXL, has been identified as a possible mechanism of EGFR-TKI resistance. Because various oncoproteins depend on HSP90 for maturation and stability, we
- Published
- 2015
42. Impact of isoprene and HONO chemistry on ozone and OVOC formation in a semirural South Korean forest
- Author
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Kim, S, Kim, S, Kim, SY, Lee, M, Shim, H, Wolfe, GM, Guenther, AB, He, A, Hong, Y, Han, J, Kim, S, Kim, S, Kim, SY, Lee, M, Shim, H, Wolfe, GM, Guenther, AB, He, A, Hong, Y, and Han, J
- Abstract
Rapid urbanization and economic development in East Asia in past decades has led to photochemical air pollution problems such as excess photochemical ozone and aerosol formation. Asian megacities such as Seoul, Tokyo, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Beijing are surrounded by densely forested areas, and recent research has consistently demonstrated the importance of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from vegetation in determining oxidation capacity in the suburban Asian megacity regions. Uncertainties in constraining tropospheric oxidation capacity, dominated by hydroxyl radical, undermine our ability to assess regional photochemical air pollution problems. We present an observational data set of CO, NOx, SO2, ozone, HONO, and VOCs (anthropogenic and biogenic) from Taehwa research forest (TRF) near the Seoul metropolitan area in early June 2012. The data show that TRF is influenced both by aged pollution and fresh biogenic volatile organic compound emissions. With the data set, we diagnose HOx (OH, HO2, and RO2) distributions calculated using the University of Washington chemical box model (UWCM v2.1) with near-explicit VOC oxidation mechanisms from MCM v3.2 (Master Chemical Mechanism). Uncertainty from unconstrained HONO sources and radical recycling processes highlighted in recent studies is examined using multiple model simulations with different model constraints. The results suggest that (1) different model simulation scenarios cause systematic differences in HOx distributions, especially OH levels (up to 2.5 times), and (2) radical destruction (HO2 + HO2 or HO2 + RO2) could be more efficient than radical recycling (RO2 + NO), especially in the afternoon. Implications of the uncertainties in radical chemistry are discussed with respect to ozone-VOC-NOx sensitivity and VOC oxidation product formation rates. Overall, the NOx limited regime is assessed except for the morning hours (8 a.m. to 12 p.m. local standard time), but the degree of sensitivity can signific
- Published
- 2015
43. Peri-procedural use of rivaroxaban in elective percutaneous coronary intervention to treat stable coronary artery disease The X-PLORER trial
- Author
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Vranckx, Pascal, Leebeek, Frank, Adal, Kedir, Koolen, J, Stammen, F, Herman, JPR, de Winter, RJ, Hof, AWJ, Backx, B, Lindeboom, W, Kim, SY, Kirsch, B, van Eickels, M, Misselwitz, F, Verheugt, FWA, Vranckx, Pascal, Leebeek, Frank, Adal, Kedir, Koolen, J, Stammen, F, Herman, JPR, de Winter, RJ, Hof, AWJ, Backx, B, Lindeboom, W, Kim, SY, Kirsch, B, van Eickels, M, Misselwitz, F, and Verheugt, FWA
- Abstract
Patients on rivaroxaban requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) represent a clinical conundrum. We aimed to investigate whether rivaroxaban, with or without an additional bolus of unfractionated heparin (UFH), effectively inhibits coagulation activation during PCI. Stable patients (n=108) undergoing elective PCI and on stable dual antiplatelet therapy were randomised (2:2:2:1) to a short treatment course of rivaroxaban 10 mg (n=30), rivaroxaban 20 mg (n=32), rivaroxaban 10 mg plus UFH (n=30) or standard pen-procedural UFH (n=16). Blood samples for markers of thrombin generation and coagulation activation were drawn prior to and at 0, 0.5, 2, 6-8 and 48 hours (h) after start of PCI. In patients treated with rivaroxaban (10 or 20 mg) and patients treated with rivaroxaban plus heparin, the levels of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 at 2 h post-PCI were 0.16 [0.1] nmol/l (median) [interquartile range, IQR] and 0.17 [0.2] nmol/l, respectively. Thrombin antithrombin complex values at 2 h post-PCI were 3.90 [6.8] mu g/l and 3.90 [10.1] mu g/l, respectively, remaining below the upper reference limit (URL) after PCI and stenting. This was comparable to the control group of UFH treatment alone. However, median values for thrombin antithrombin complex passed above the URL with increasing tendency, starting at 2 h post-PCI in the UFH-alone arm but not in rivaroxaban-treated patients. In this exploratory trial, rivaroxaban effectively suppressed coagulation activation after elective PCI and stenting.
- Published
- 2015
44. Formulation of Biologically-Inspired Silk-Based Drug Carriers for Pulmonary Delivery Targeted for Lung Cancer
- Author
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Kim, SY, Naskar, D, Kundu, SC, Bishop, DP, Doble, PA, Boddy, AV, Chan, HK, Wall, IB, Chrzanowski, W, Kim, SY, Naskar, D, Kundu, SC, Bishop, DP, Doble, PA, Boddy, AV, Chan, HK, Wall, IB, and Chrzanowski, W
- Abstract
The benefits of using silk fibroin, a major protein in silk, are widely established in many biomedical applications including tissue regeneration, bioactive coating and in vitro tissue models. The properties of silk such as biocompatibility and controlled degradation are utilized in this study to formulate for the first time as carriers for pulmonary drug delivery. Silk fibroin particles are spray dried or spray-freeze-dried to enable the delivery to the airways via dry powder inhalers. The addition of excipients such as mannitol is optimized for both the stabilization of protein during the spray-freezing process as well as for efficient dispersion using an in vitro aerosolisation impactor. Cisplatin is incorporated into the silk-based formulations with or without cross-linking, which show different release profiles. The particles show high aerosolisation performance through the measurement of in vitro lung deposition, which is at the level of commercially available dry powder inhalers. The silk-based particles are shown to be cytocompatible with A549 human lung epithelial cell line. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin is demonstrated to be enhanced when delivered using the cross-linked silk-based particles. These novel inhalable silk-based drug carriers have the potential to be used as anti-cancer drug delivery systems targeted for the lungs.
- Published
- 2015
45. Formulation of Biologically-Inspired Silk-Based Drug Carriers for Pulmonary Delivery Targeted for Lung Cancer
- Author
-
Kim, SY, Naskar, D, Kundu, SC, Bishop, DP, Doble, PA, Boddy, AV, Chan, HK, Wall, IB, Chrzanowski, W, Kim, SY, Naskar, D, Kundu, SC, Bishop, DP, Doble, PA, Boddy, AV, Chan, HK, Wall, IB, and Chrzanowski, W
- Abstract
The benefits of using silk fibroin, a major protein in silk, are widely established in many biomedical applications including tissue regeneration, bioactive coating and in vitro tissue models. The properties of silk such as biocompatibility and controlled degradation are utilized in this study to formulate for the first time as carriers for pulmonary drug delivery. Silk fibroin particles are spray dried or spray-freeze-dried to enable the delivery to the airways via dry powder inhalers. The addition of excipients such as mannitol is optimized for both the stabilization of protein during the spray-freezing process as well as for efficient dispersion using an in vitro aerosolisation impactor. Cisplatin is incorporated into the silk-based formulations with or without cross-linking, which show different release profiles. The particles show high aerosolisation performance through the measurement of in vitro lung deposition, which is at the level of commercially available dry powder inhalers. The silk-based particles are shown to be cytocompatible with A549 human lung epithelial cell line. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin is demonstrated to be enhanced when delivered using the cross-linked silk-based particles. These novel inhalable silk-based drug carriers have the potential to be used as anti-cancer drug delivery systems targeted for the lungs.
- Published
- 2015
46. State of the California current 2013-14: El niño looming
- Author
-
Leising, AW, Leising, AW, Schroeder, ID, Bograd, SJ, Bjorkstedt, EP, Field, J, Sakuma, K, Abell, J, Robertson, RR, Tyburczy, J, Peterson, WT, Brodeur, R, Barceló, C, Auth, TD, Daly, EA, Campbell, GS, Hildebrand, JA, Suryan, RM, Gladics, AJ, Horton, CA, Kahru, M, Manzano-Sarabia, M, McClatchie, S, Weber, ED, Watson, W, Santora, JA, Sydeman, WJ, Melin, SR, Delong, RL, Largier, J, Kim, SY, Chavez, FP, Golightly, RT, Schneider, SR, Warzybok, P, Bradley, R, Jahncke, J, Fisher, J, Peterson, J, Leising, AW, Leising, AW, Schroeder, ID, Bograd, SJ, Bjorkstedt, EP, Field, J, Sakuma, K, Abell, J, Robertson, RR, Tyburczy, J, Peterson, WT, Brodeur, R, Barceló, C, Auth, TD, Daly, EA, Campbell, GS, Hildebrand, JA, Suryan, RM, Gladics, AJ, Horton, CA, Kahru, M, Manzano-Sarabia, M, McClatchie, S, Weber, ED, Watson, W, Santora, JA, Sydeman, WJ, Melin, SR, Delong, RL, Largier, J, Kim, SY, Chavez, FP, Golightly, RT, Schneider, SR, Warzybok, P, Bradley, R, Jahncke, J, Fisher, J, and Peterson, J
- Abstract
In 2013, the California current was dominated by strong coastal upwelling and high productivity. Indices of total cumulative upwelling for particular coastal locations reached some of the highest values on record. Chlorophyll a levels were high throughout spring and summer. Catches of upwelling-related fish species were also high. After a moderate drop in upwelling during fall 2013, the California current system underwent a major change in phase. Three major basin-scale indicators, the PDO, the NPGO, and the ENSO-MEI, all changed phase at some point during the winter of 2013/14. The PDO changed to positive values, indicative of warmer waters in the North Pacific; the NPGO to negative values, indicative of lower productivity along the coast; and the MEI to positive values, indicative of an oncoming El Niño. Whereas the majority of the California Current system appears to have transitioned to an El Niño state by August 2014, based on decreases in upwelling and chlorophyll a concentration, and increases in SST, there still remained pockets of moderate upwelling, cold water, and high chlorophyll a biomass at various central coast locations, unlike patterns seen during the more major El Niños (e.g., the 97-98 event). Catches of rockfish, market squid, euphausiids, and juvenile sanddab remained high along the central coast, whereas catches of sardine and anchovy were low throughout the CCS. 2014 appears to be heading towards a moderate El Niño state, with some remaining patchy regions of upwellingdriven productivity along the coast. Superimposed on this pattern, three major regions have experienced possibly non-El Niño-related warming since winter: the Bering Sea, the Gulf of Alaska, and offshore of southern California. It is unclear how this warming may interact with the predicted El Niño, but the result will likely be reduced growth or reproduction for many key fisheries species.
- Published
- 2014
47. Combining calls from multiple somatic mutation-callers
- Author
-
Kim, SY, Jacob, L, Speed, TP, Kim, SY, Jacob, L, and Speed, TP
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Accurate somatic mutation-calling is essential for insightful mutation analyses in cancer studies. Several mutation-callers are publicly available and more are likely to appear. Nonetheless, mutation-calling is still challenging and there is unlikely to be one established caller that systematically outperforms all others. Therefore, fully utilizing multiple callers can be a powerful way to construct a list of final calls for one's research. RESULTS: Using a set of mutations from multiple callers that are impartially validated, we present a statistical approach for building a combined caller, which can be applied to combine calls in a wider dataset generated using a similar protocol. Using the mutation outputs and the validation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas endometrial study (6,746 sites), we demonstrate how to build a statistical model that predicts the probability of each call being a somatic mutation, based on the detection status of multiple callers and a few associated features. CONCLUSION: The approach allows us to build a combined caller across the full range of stringency levels, which outperforms all of the individual callers.
- Published
- 2014
48. Imago Mundi, Imago AD, Imago ADNI
- Author
-
Villemagne, VL, Kim, SY, Rowe, CC, Iwatsubo, T, Villemagne, VL, Kim, SY, Rowe, CC, and Iwatsubo, T
- Abstract
Since the launch in 2003 of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) in the USA, ever growing, similarly oriented consortia have been organized and assembled around the world. The various accomplishments of ADNI have contributed substantially to a better understanding of the underlying physiopathology of aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These accomplishments are basically predicated in the trinity of multimodality, standardization and sharing. This multimodality approach can now better identify those subjects with AD-specific traits that are more likely to present cognitive decline in the near future and that might represent the best candidates for smaller but more efficient therapeutic trials - trials that, through gained and shared knowledge, can be more focused on a specific target or a specific stage of the disease process. In summary, data generated from ADNI have helped elucidate some of the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning aging and AD pathology, while contributing to the international effort in setting the groundwork for biomarker discovery and establishing standards for early diagnosis of AD.
- Published
- 2014
49. State of the California current 2013-14: El niño looming
- Author
-
Leising, AW, Leising, AW, Schroeder, ID, Bograd, SJ, Bjorkstedt, EP, Field, J, Sakuma, K, Abell, J, Robertson, RR, Tyburczy, J, Peterson, WT, Brodeur, R, Barceló, C, Auth, TD, Daly, EA, Campbell, GS, Hildebrand, JA, Suryan, RM, Gladics, AJ, Horton, CA, Kahru, M, Manzano-Sarabia, M, McClatchie, S, Weber, ED, Watson, W, Santora, JA, Sydeman, WJ, Melin, SR, Delong, RL, Largier, J, Kim, SY, Chavez, FP, Golightly, RT, Schneider, SR, Warzybok, P, Bradley, R, Jahncke, J, Fisher, J, Peterson, J, Leising, AW, Leising, AW, Schroeder, ID, Bograd, SJ, Bjorkstedt, EP, Field, J, Sakuma, K, Abell, J, Robertson, RR, Tyburczy, J, Peterson, WT, Brodeur, R, Barceló, C, Auth, TD, Daly, EA, Campbell, GS, Hildebrand, JA, Suryan, RM, Gladics, AJ, Horton, CA, Kahru, M, Manzano-Sarabia, M, McClatchie, S, Weber, ED, Watson, W, Santora, JA, Sydeman, WJ, Melin, SR, Delong, RL, Largier, J, Kim, SY, Chavez, FP, Golightly, RT, Schneider, SR, Warzybok, P, Bradley, R, Jahncke, J, Fisher, J, and Peterson, J
- Abstract
In 2013, the California current was dominated by strong coastal upwelling and high productivity. Indices of total cumulative upwelling for particular coastal locations reached some of the highest values on record. Chlorophyll a levels were high throughout spring and summer. Catches of upwelling-related fish species were also high. After a moderate drop in upwelling during fall 2013, the California current system underwent a major change in phase. Three major basin-scale indicators, the PDO, the NPGO, and the ENSO-MEI, all changed phase at some point during the winter of 2013/14. The PDO changed to positive values, indicative of warmer waters in the North Pacific; the NPGO to negative values, indicative of lower productivity along the coast; and the MEI to positive values, indicative of an oncoming El Niño. Whereas the majority of the California Current system appears to have transitioned to an El Niño state by August 2014, based on decreases in upwelling and chlorophyll a concentration, and increases in SST, there still remained pockets of moderate upwelling, cold water, and high chlorophyll a biomass at various central coast locations, unlike patterns seen during the more major El Niños (e.g., the 97-98 event). Catches of rockfish, market squid, euphausiids, and juvenile sanddab remained high along the central coast, whereas catches of sardine and anchovy were low throughout the CCS. 2014 appears to be heading towards a moderate El Niño state, with some remaining patchy regions of upwellingdriven productivity along the coast. Superimposed on this pattern, three major regions have experienced possibly non-El Niño-related warming since winter: the Bering Sea, the Gulf of Alaska, and offshore of southern California. It is unclear how this warming may interact with the predicted El Niño, but the result will likely be reduced growth or reproduction for many key fisheries species.
- Published
- 2014
50. State of the California current 2012-13: No such thing as an “average” year
- Author
-
Wells, BK, Wells, BK, Schroeder, ID, Santora, JA, Hazen, EL, Bograd, SJ, Bjorkstedt, EP, Loeb, VJ, McClatchie, S, Weber, ED, Watson, W, Thompson, AR, Peterson, WT, Brodeur, RD, Harding, J, Field, J, Sakuma, K, Hayes, S, Mantua, N, Sydeman, WJ, Losekoot, M, Thompson, SA, Largier, J, Kim, SY, Chavez, FP, Barceló, C, Warzybok, P, Bradley, R, Jahncke, J, Goericke, R, Campbell, GS, Hildebrand, JA, Melin, SR, Delong, RL, Gomez-Valdes, J, Lavaniegos, B, Gaxiola-Castro, G, Golightly, RT, Schneider, SR, Lo, N, Suryan, RM, Gladics, AJ, Horton, CA, Fisher, J, Morgan, C, Peterson, J, Daly, EA, Auth, TD, Abell, J, Wells, BK, Wells, BK, Schroeder, ID, Santora, JA, Hazen, EL, Bograd, SJ, Bjorkstedt, EP, Loeb, VJ, McClatchie, S, Weber, ED, Watson, W, Thompson, AR, Peterson, WT, Brodeur, RD, Harding, J, Field, J, Sakuma, K, Hayes, S, Mantua, N, Sydeman, WJ, Losekoot, M, Thompson, SA, Largier, J, Kim, SY, Chavez, FP, Barceló, C, Warzybok, P, Bradley, R, Jahncke, J, Goericke, R, Campbell, GS, Hildebrand, JA, Melin, SR, Delong, RL, Gomez-Valdes, J, Lavaniegos, B, Gaxiola-Castro, G, Golightly, RT, Schneider, SR, Lo, N, Suryan, RM, Gladics, AJ, Horton, CA, Fisher, J, Morgan, C, Peterson, J, Daly, EA, Auth, TD, and Abell, J
- Abstract
This report reviews the state of the California Current System (CCS) between winter 2012 and spring 2013, and includes observations from Washington State to Baja California. During 2012, large-scale climate modes indicated the CCS remained in a cool, productive phase present since 2007. The upwelling season was delayed north of 42°N, but regions to the south, especially 33° to 36°N, experienced average to above average upwelling that persisted throughout the summer. Contrary to the indication of high production suggested by the climate indices, chlorophyll observed from surveys and remote sensing was below average along much of the coast. As well, some members of the forage assemblages along the coast experienced low abundances in 2012 surveys. Specifically, the concentrations of all lifestages observed directly or from egg densities of Pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax, and northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax, were less than previous years’ survey estimates. However, 2013 surveys and observations indicate an increase in abundance of northern anchovy. During winter 2011/2012, the increased presence of northern copepod species off northern California was consistent with stronger southward transport. Krill and small-fraction zooplankton abundances, where examined, were generally above average. North of 42°N, salps returned to typical abundances in 2012 after greater observed concentrations in 2010 and 2011. In contrast, salp abundance off central and southern California increased after a period of southward transport during winter 2011/2012. Reproductive success of piscivorous Brandt’s cormorant, Phalacrocorax penicillatus, was reduced while planktivorous Cassin’s auklet, Ptychoramphus aleuticus was elevated. Differences between the productivity of these two seabirds may be related to the available forage assemblage observed in the surveys. California sea lion pups from San Miguel Island were undernourished resulting in a pup mortality event perhaps in response to chang
- Published
- 2013
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