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3,461 results on '"Keil, A."'

4. Determinación de la edad de transición de madera juvenil a madura y de sus valores elasto-resistentes en Pinus contorta

Author

Refort, Maria Mercedes, Acuña Rello, Luis, Monteoliva, S., Mateo, Camila, Charlot, Perle, Palazzini, Dino, Pagano, Cristian, Gabriel, Keil, Spavento, Eleana, Refort, Maria Mercedes, Acuña Rello, Luis, Monteoliva, S., Mateo, Camila, Charlot, Perle, Palazzini, Dino, Pagano, Cristian, Gabriel, Keil, and Spavento, Eleana

Abstract

El porcentaje de madera juvenil en coníferas de crecimiento rápido es un factor determinante de las propiedades básicas, ya que su proporción aumenta a medida que disminuye la edad de rotación. Dicha madera se caracteriza por presentar menor longitud y espesor de pared de traqueidas y mayor ángulo micro-fibrilar, lo cual se traduce en menor densidad y propiedades elasto-resistentes más bajas. Para delimitar la edad transición de madera (juvenil-madura) se realiza el análisis radial de algunas de las características mencionadas. La importancia de establecer dicha edad, radica en la estimación de los volúmenes de ambos tipos de madera, su calidad y potencialidad de uso. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la edad de transición y comparar sus valores elasto-resistentes en Pinus contorta (lodgepole). Se trabajó con 9 muestras de 35 años, radios norte y sur para estudios anatómicos, y madera juvenil y madura para ensayos físico mecánicos. Las edades de transición resultaron entre los 12 y 16,5 años, dirección norte y sur, respectivamente. Las variables anatómicas, físicas y mecánicas se diferenciaron significativamente, siendo mayores en la madera madura. A fin de generar una base de datos de esta especie para la región, se sugiere continuar con estudios similares en otros sitios.

Published
2024

5. Modification of Space Debris Trajectories through Lasers: Dependence of Thermal and Impulse Coupling on Material and Surface Properties

Author

Keil, Denise, Scharring, Stefan, Klein, Erik, Lorbeer, Raoul-Amadeus, Schumacher, Dennis, Seiz, Frederic, Sharma, Kush Kumar, Zwilich, Michael, Schnörer, Lukas, Roth, Markus, Ben-Larbi, Mohamed Khalil, Wiedemann, Carsten, Riede, Wolfgang, Dekorsy, Thomas, Keil, Denise, Scharring, Stefan, Klein, Erik, Lorbeer, Raoul-Amadeus, Schumacher, Dennis, Seiz, Frederic, Sharma, Kush Kumar, Zwilich, Michael, Schnörer, Lukas, Roth, Markus, Ben-Larbi, Mohamed Khalil, Wiedemann, Carsten, Riede, Wolfgang, and Dekorsy, Thomas

Abstract

Environmental pollution exists not only within our atmosphere but also in space. Space debris is a critical problem of modern and future space infrastructure. Congested orbits raise the question of spacecraft disposal. Therefore, state-of-the-art satellites come with a deorbit system in cases of low Earth orbit (LEO) and with thrusters for transferring into the graveyard orbit for geostationary and geosynchronous orbits. No practical solution is available for debris objects that stem from fragmentation events. The present study focuses on objects in LEO orbits with dimensions in the dangerous class of 1 to 10 cm. Our assumed method for the change of trajectories of space debris is laser ablation for collision avoidance or complete removal by ground-based laser systems. Thus, we executed an experimental feasibility study with focus on thermal and impulse coupling between laser and sample. Free-fall experiments with a 10 ns laser pulse at nominally 60 J and 1064 nm were conducted with GSI Darmstadt’s nhelix laser on various sample materials with different surfaces. Ablated mass, heating, and trajectory were recorded. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of the sample surface roughness on the laser-object interaction. We measured impulse coupling coefficients between 7 and 40 µNs/J and thermal coupling coefficients between 2% and 12.5% both depending on target fluence, surface roughness, and material. Ablated mass and changes in surface roughness were considered via simulation to discriminate their relevance for a multiple shot concept.

Published
2024

6. A formal model of intuitive theories of vision in congenitally blind and sighted adults

Author

Wang, Ziwen, Wang, Ziwen, Musz, Elizabeth, Keil, Sophia, Wilson, Colin, Bedny, Marina, Wang, Ziwen, Wang, Ziwen, Musz, Elizabeth, Keil, Sophia, Wilson, Colin, and Bedny, Marina

Abstract

Comparison of visibility inferences across congenitally blind and sighted people provides insight into the contribution of first-person sensory experience to intuitive theories. We hypothesized that both groups understand others' visual experiences via an intuitive theory incorporating variables known to influence visual psychophysics (distance, looking duration, and feature size). Adults born blind (n=20) and sighted (n=40) listened to short scenarios that described an observer looking at another person from different distances and for varying durations. Participants rated how likely the observer would perceive appearance features of the person that varied in size (e.g., eye color vs. hat). A probabilistic formalization of intuitive visibility fit the ratings with high accuracy across scenarios and features. Model parameters were qualitatively identical across groups but blind adults weighted distance and size less. A quantitative and generative intuitive theory of vision develops without first-person sensory access, possibly through linguistic communication, and is fine-tuned by visual experience.

Published
2024

7. Circular but Suggestive: Pragmatic Insights from Reductive Tautologies

Author

Meyer, Martin, Meyer, Martin, Keil, Frank, Meyer, Martin, Meyer, Martin, and Keil, Frank

Abstract

What makes an explanation seem insightful? Prior work shows that even circular explanations can seem insightful when they include information from a lower level of explanation (reductive information). Here, we suggest that this impression of insight is not an illusion. Rather, circular explanations with reductive information are pragmatically instructive: they suggest at which level of description the phenomenon should be explained. In Study 1, even single-sentence circular explanations appeared insightful when infused with reductive information. In Study 2, rating circular explanations with reductive information as insightful correlated with rating them as helpful both with searching for explanatory information and with narrowing down which mechanisms an explanation should address. Study 2 also provides preliminary evidence that these ratings were not driven by prior knowledge of these circular explanations' explicit propositional content.

Published
2024

8. Children's unexpected inferences across knowledge types

Author

McCarthy, Amanda, McCarthy, Amanda, Courtney, Emma, Keil, Frank, McCarthy, Amanda, McCarthy, Amanda, Courtney, Emma, and Keil, Frank

Abstract

Developmental psychologists have often turned to children to clarify understanding of functional and mechanistic cognition. Here, we investigate children's epistemic inferences of function – what a thing is for – and mechanism – how a thing works. Children, like adults, believe a mechanism-knower knows more than a function-knower (Study 1). Yet, unlike adults, children do not expect that a mechanism-knower is also more likely to know function than a function-knower is to know mechanism (Study 2). Children's experience of learning function and mechanism of complex systems sheds light on this asymmetry; Children who are taught just mechanism can infer the complementary function, but, interestingly, children who are taught just function can likewise infer the complementary mechanism (Study 3). This paper considers the nature of children's epistemic intuitions and whether those beliefs are reflective of children's learning experience.

Published
2024

9. Strong but wrong: Adult's intuitions of functional and mechanistic knowledge

Author

McCarthy, Amanda, McCarthy, Amanda, Courtney, Emma, Keil, Frank, McCarthy, Amanda, McCarthy, Amanda, Courtney, Emma, and Keil, Frank

Abstract

Function – what a thing is for – and mechanism – how a thing's parts interact to make it work – are considered by cognitive psychologists and philosophers of science to be integrally related despite people's acute sensitivity to their differences. Here, we set out to better characterize lay adults' intuitions about functional and mechanistic knowledge (Study 1). Then, we use learning studies to investigate to what degree these intuitions accurately capture functional and mechanistic cognition (Studies 2, 3). While some intuitions (e.g., that mechanism is more difficult to learn than function) are supported by these learning studies, others (e.g., that function should precede mechanism in explanations) are not. Possible reasons for matches and mismatches are explored.

Published
2024

12. Behavioural responses related to increasing core body temperature of grazing dairy cows experiencing moderate heat stress

Author

Pontiggia, A., Münger, A., Eggerschwiler, L., Holinger, M., Stucki, D., Ammer, S., Bruckmaier, R.M., Dohme-Meier, F., Keil, N.M., Pontiggia, A., Münger, A., Eggerschwiler, L., Holinger, M., Stucki, D., Ammer, S., Bruckmaier, R.M., Dohme-Meier, F., and Keil, N.M.

Abstract

Exposure to direct solar radiation, high ambient temperature, lack of wind movement, coupled with own metabolic heat production, makes grazing dairy cows vulnerable to heat stress. In pastures, it would be beneficial to monitor heat stress by observable changes in behaviour. We hypothesised that grazing dairy cows exhibit behavioural changes due to increasing heat load in temperate climate. Over two consecutive summers, 38 full-time grazing Holstein dairy cows were investigated in 12 experimental periods of up to 3 consecutive days where the cows were repeatedly exposed to various levels of moderate heat load determined by the comprehensive climate index (CCI). The CCI defines the ambient climate conditions, combining air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and wind speed. Vaginal temperature (VT) was automatically measured as an indicator of heat stress. In addition, as a less invasive method, we investigated if reticular temperature (RET) can be indicative of heat stress on pastures. Walking activity, lying-, feeding, and ruminating durations were recorded continuously with sensors. Respiration rate (RR), proximity to and competition at the water trough, social licking, self-licking, inter-individual distance, and fly intensity were directly observed. Data were analysed in the morning (0900–1100 h) and during the hottest time of day when cows were on pasture (1230–1430 h). The VT and RET showed similar patterns in relation to the CCI, suggesting that RET can be suitable for continuous monitoring of heat stress on pastures. In the morning, the cow’s VT and RET did not relevantly react to the CCI. During the period 1230–1430 h, the cow’s mean VT (mean vaginal temperature (VTMEAN); range: 37.7–40.3 °C) and mean RET (mean reticular temperature; range: 37.0–41.1 °C) were positively related to the mean CCI (mean comprehensive climate index) in this period (mean ± SD: 25.9 ± 5.71 °C). For cows with greater VTMEAN, an increased mean RR and decreased durations

Published
2024

14. Compositional clusters in the nasal microbiome as predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection - results from the German National Cohort (NAKO) study

Author

Kleine Bardenhorst, S, Six-Merker, J, Peters, A, Krist, L, Keil, T, Nimptsch, K, Pischon, T, Gastell, S, Schulze, MB, Wolters, M, Günther, K, Schikowski, T, Schmidt, B, Stang, A, Michels, KB, Klee, B, Mikolajczyk, R, Harth, V, Obi, N, Lange, B, Klett-Tammen, CJ, Lieb, W, Becher, H, Kaaks, R, Karch, A, Berger, K, Nauck, M, Khattak M, N, Baurecht, H, Leitzmann, M, Holleczek, B, Brenner, H, Kemmling, Y, Panreck, L, Vital, M, Rübsamen, N, Kleine Bardenhorst, S, Six-Merker, J, Peters, A, Krist, L, Keil, T, Nimptsch, K, Pischon, T, Gastell, S, Schulze, MB, Wolters, M, Günther, K, Schikowski, T, Schmidt, B, Stang, A, Michels, KB, Klee, B, Mikolajczyk, R, Harth, V, Obi, N, Lange, B, Klett-Tammen, CJ, Lieb, W, Becher, H, Kaaks, R, Karch, A, Berger, K, Nauck, M, Khattak M, N, Baurecht, H, Leitzmann, M, Holleczek, B, Brenner, H, Kemmling, Y, Panreck, L, Vital, M, and Rübsamen, N

Published
2024

17. Frequency and determinants of anxiety, depression and fatigue during COVID-19 pandemic and associations with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Horn, A, Schmidbauer, L, Miljukov, O, Bahmer, T, Chaplinskaya-Sobol, I, Geisler, R, Heyckendorf, J, Keil, T, Krist, L, Morbach, C, Nürnberger, C, Poick, S, Reese, JP, Ruß, AK, Scheer, A, Schreiber, S, Vehreschild, JJ, Störk, S, Heuschmann, P, Horn, A, Schmidbauer, L, Miljukov, O, Bahmer, T, Chaplinskaya-Sobol, I, Geisler, R, Heyckendorf, J, Keil, T, Krist, L, Morbach, C, Nürnberger, C, Poick, S, Reese, JP, Ruß, AK, Scheer, A, Schreiber, S, Vehreschild, JJ, Störk, S, and Heuschmann, P

Published
2024

24. On the Kinematics of Sheet and Cloud Cavitation and Related Erosion

Author

Pelz, Peter F., Keil, Thomas, Ludwig, Gerhard, Pelz, Peter F., Keil, Thomas, and Ludwig, Gerhard

Abstract

The influence of flow parameters such as cavitation number and Reynolds number on the cavitating cloud behavior and aggressiveness is analysed in an experimental work. The focused geometry is a convergent-divergent nozzle with a given radius of curvature at the minimum cross section. By means of a high-speed camera the kinematics of cloud cavitation is visualized. The shape of the cloud is a horse shoe (U-shaped) with two legs ending at the material surface which is in agreement with the Helmholtz vortex theorem. Indeed it is worthwhile to look at the cavitation cloud as a ring vortex whose second half is a mirror vortex within the material. Due to the convection flow, the legs of the vortex are elongated and hence the rotational speed of the vortex core will increase. Thus cavitation bubbles will concentrate within the legs of the vortex and that behavior is observed in the cavitation experiments. The aggressiveness of the cloud is quantified by using soft metal inserts adapted on the nozzle geometry. The interpretation of the plastic deformation, called pits, is done with a 2-dimensional optical measurement system, which is developed to scan large and curved surfaces. In this way damage maps are obtained. Consequently dimensional analysis is used to analyse and generalize the experimental results. Thus a critical Reynolds number is found for the transition from sheet to cloud cavitation. Further an upper limit for the Strouhal number exists for the given geometry. A physical model for the critical Reynolds number is given elsewhere [1]. Also a model for the dynamics of the observed stretched cloud with circulation is published by Buttenbender and Pelz [2].

Published
2024

25. One hundred years of EEG for brain and behaviour research

Author

Mushtaq, Faisal, Welke, Dominik, Gallagher, Anne, Pavlov, Yuri G, Kouara, Layla, Bosch-Bayard, Jorge, van den Bosch, Jasper JF, Arvaneh, Mahnaz, Bland, Amy R, Chaumon, Maximilien, Borck, Cornelius, He, Xun, Luck, Steven J, Machizawa, Maro G, Pernet, Cyril, Puce, Aina, Segalowitz, Sidney J, Rogers, Christine, Awais, Muhammad, Babiloni, Claudio, Bailey, Neil W, Baillet, Sylvain, Bendall, Robert CA, Brady, Daniel, Bringas-Vega, Maria L, Busch, Niko A, Calzada-Reyes, Ana, Chatard, Armand, Clayson, Peter E, Cohen, Michael X, Cole, Jonathan, Constant, Martin, Corneyllie, Alexandra, Coyle, Damien, Cruse, Damian, Delis, Ioannis, Delorme, Arnaud, Fair, Damien, Falk, Tiago H, Gamer, Matthias, Ganis, Giorgio, Gloy, Kilian, Gregory, Samantha, Hassall, Cameron D, Hiley, Katherine E, Ivry, Richard B, Jerbi, Karim, Jenkins, Michael, Kaiser, Jakob, Keil, Andreas, Knight, Robert T, Kochen, Silvia, Kotchoubey, Boris, Krigolson, Olave E, Langer, Nicolas, Liesefeld, Heinrich R, Lippé, Sarah, London, Raquel E, MacNamara, Annmarie, Makeig, Scott, Marinovic, Welber, Martínez-Montes, Eduardo, Marzuki, Aleya A, Mathew, Ryan K, Michel, Christoph, Millán, José DR, Mon-Williams, Mark, Morales-Chacón, Lilia, Naar, Richard, Nilsonne, Gustav, Niso, Guiomar, Nyhus, Erika, Oostenveld, Robert, Paul, Katharina, Paulus, Walter, Pfabigan, Daniela M, Pourtois, Gilles, Rampp, Stefan, Rausch, Manuel, Robbins, Kay, Rossini, Paolo M, Ruzzoli, Manuela, Schmidt, Barbara, Senderecka, Magdalena, Srinivasan, Narayanan, Stegmann, Yannik, Thompson, Paul M, Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell, van der Molen, Melle JW, Veniero, Domenica, Verona, Edelyn, Voytek, Bradley, Yao, Dezhong, Evans, Alan C, Valdes-Sosa, Pedro, Mushtaq, Faisal, Welke, Dominik, Gallagher, Anne, Pavlov, Yuri G, Kouara, Layla, Bosch-Bayard, Jorge, van den Bosch, Jasper JF, Arvaneh, Mahnaz, Bland, Amy R, Chaumon, Maximilien, Borck, Cornelius, He, Xun, Luck, Steven J, Machizawa, Maro G, Pernet, Cyril, Puce, Aina, Segalowitz, Sidney J, Rogers, Christine, Awais, Muhammad, Babiloni, Claudio, Bailey, Neil W, Baillet, Sylvain, Bendall, Robert CA, Brady, Daniel, Bringas-Vega, Maria L, Busch, Niko A, Calzada-Reyes, Ana, Chatard, Armand, Clayson, Peter E, Cohen, Michael X, Cole, Jonathan, Constant, Martin, Corneyllie, Alexandra, Coyle, Damien, Cruse, Damian, Delis, Ioannis, Delorme, Arnaud, Fair, Damien, Falk, Tiago H, Gamer, Matthias, Ganis, Giorgio, Gloy, Kilian, Gregory, Samantha, Hassall, Cameron D, Hiley, Katherine E, Ivry, Richard B, Jerbi, Karim, Jenkins, Michael, Kaiser, Jakob, Keil, Andreas, Knight, Robert T, Kochen, Silvia, Kotchoubey, Boris, Krigolson, Olave E, Langer, Nicolas, Liesefeld, Heinrich R, Lippé, Sarah, London, Raquel E, MacNamara, Annmarie, Makeig, Scott, Marinovic, Welber, Martínez-Montes, Eduardo, Marzuki, Aleya A, Mathew, Ryan K, Michel, Christoph, Millán, José DR, Mon-Williams, Mark, Morales-Chacón, Lilia, Naar, Richard, Nilsonne, Gustav, Niso, Guiomar, Nyhus, Erika, Oostenveld, Robert, Paul, Katharina, Paulus, Walter, Pfabigan, Daniela M, Pourtois, Gilles, Rampp, Stefan, Rausch, Manuel, Robbins, Kay, Rossini, Paolo M, Ruzzoli, Manuela, Schmidt, Barbara, Senderecka, Magdalena, Srinivasan, Narayanan, Stegmann, Yannik, Thompson, Paul M, Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell, van der Molen, Melle JW, Veniero, Domenica, Verona, Edelyn, Voytek, Bradley, Yao, Dezhong, Evans, Alan C, and Valdes-Sosa, Pedro

Abstract

On the centenary of the first human EEG recording, more than 500 experts reflect on the impact that this discovery has had on our understanding of the brain and behaviour. We document their priorities and call for collective action focusing on validity, democratization and responsibility to realize the potential of EEG in science and society over the next 100 years.

Published
2024

26. Human Performance in Predicting Enhancement Quality of Gliomas Using Gadolinium-Free MRI Sequences

Author

Azizova, A., Wamelink, I. J. H. G., Prysiazhniuk, Y., Cakmak, M., Kaya, E., (0000-0002-3201-6002) Petr, J., Barkhof, F., Keil, V. C., Azizova, A., Wamelink, I. J. H. G., Prysiazhniuk, Y., Cakmak, M., Kaya, E., (0000-0002-3201-6002) Petr, J., Barkhof, F., and Keil, V. C.

Abstract

Background and Purpose: To develop and test a decision tree for predicting contrast enhancement quality and shape using pre-contrast MRI sequences in a large adult-type diffuse glioma cohort. Methods: Preoperative MRI scans (development/optimization/test sets: n=31/38/303, male=17/22/189, mean age=52/59/56.7 years, high-grade glioma=22/33/249) were retrospectively evaluated, including pre-and post-contrast T1-weighted, T2-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and diffusion-weighted imaging sequences. Enhancement prediction decision tree (EPDT) was developed using development and optimization sets, incorporating four imaging features: necrosis, diffusion restriction, T2 inhomogeneity, and nonenhancing tumor margins. EPDT accuracy was assessed on a test set by three raters of variable experience. True enhancement features (gold standard) were evaluated using pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted images. Statistical analysis used confusion matrices, Cohen’s/Fleiss’ kappa, and Kendall’s W. Significance threshold was P < 0.05. Results: Raters 1, 2, and 3 achieved overall accuracies of 0.86 [95%-confidence interval (CI): 0.81-0.90], 0.89 (95%-CI: 0.85-0.92), and 0.92 (95%-CI: 0.89-0.95), respectively, in predicting enhancement quality (marked, mild, or no enhancement). Regarding shape, defined as the thickness of enhancing margin (solid, rim, or no enhancement), accuracies were 0.84 (95%-CI: 0.79-0.88), 0.88 (95%-CI: 0.84-0.92), and 0.89 (95%-CI: 0.85-0.92). Intra-rater inter-group agreement comparing predicted and true enhancement features consistently reached substantial levels [≥0.68 (95%-CI: 0.61-0.75). Inter-rater comparison showed at least moderate agreement (group: ≥0.42 (95%-CI: 0.36-0.48), pairwise: ≥0.61 (95%-CI: 0.50-0.72)]. Among the imaging features in the EPDT, necrosis assessment displayed the highest intra- and inter-rater consistency [≥0.80 (95%-CI: 0.73-0.88)]. Conclusion: The proposed enhancement prediction decision tree has high accuracy in predi

Published
2024

27. Ten years of VASARI glioma features: Systematic review and meta-analysis of their impact and performance

Author

Azizova, A., Prysiazhniuk, Y., Wamelink, I. J. H. G., (0000-0002-3201-6002) Petr, J., Barkhof, F., Keil, V. C., Azizova, A., Prysiazhniuk, Y., Wamelink, I. J. H. G., (0000-0002-3201-6002) Petr, J., Barkhof, F., and Keil, V. C.

Abstract

Background: Visually Accessible Rembrandt (Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data) Images (VASARI) features, a controlled vocabulary aimed at establishing reproducible terminology for glioma reporting, have been in use for a decade, but there is no systematic evaluation of their performance. Purpose: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance of the VASARI set for glioma assessment. Materials and methods: MEDLINE and Web of Science were systematically searched until July 7, 2023. Original articles using VASARI to predict diagnosis, progression, and survival in patients with glioma were included. A modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool was used for quality assessment. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model and forest-plot visualizations if five or more comparable studies with low or medium risk-of-bias QUADAS-2 were available. Results: Thirty-five studies (4,348 patients; 34 retrospective, 1 prospective) were included. The overall risk-of-bias score was medium (n=33) and low (n=2). The most frequent objectives were overall survival (OS) (n=18) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation (n=12) prediction. IDH mutation-predicting models combining different VASARI features rendered a pooled AUC-ROC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.76, 0.88) with considerable heterogeneity (I² = 100%). The highest pooled hazard ratios (HR) for single features predicting OS involved features 9 (multifocality; HR 1.80; 95%: CI 1.21, 2.67; I² = 53% ), 19 (ependymal invasion; HR 1.73; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.05; I² = 0%), and 23 (enhancing tumor crossing midline; HR 2.08; 95% CI: 1.35, 3.18; I² = 52%). Combined models including various inputs such as VASARI, clinical, pathological, and/or radiomics features outperformed single data type models in all relevant studies (n=17). Conclusion: VASARI features perform well in predicting OS and IDH mutation status, and improve when combined models are used. The discriminatory power of

Published
2024

28. Modification of Space Debris Trajectories through Lasers: Dependence of Thermal and Impulse Coupling on Material and Surface Properties

Author

Keil, Denise, Scharring, Stefan, Klein, Erik, Lorbeer, Raoul-Amadeus, Schumacher, Dennis, Seiz, Frederic, Sharma, Kush Kumar, Zwilich, Michael, Schnörer, Lukas, Roth, Markus, Ben-Larbi, Mohamed Khalil, Wiedemann, Carsten, Riede, Wolfgang, Dekorsy, Thomas, Keil, Denise, Scharring, Stefan, Klein, Erik, Lorbeer, Raoul-Amadeus, Schumacher, Dennis, Seiz, Frederic, Sharma, Kush Kumar, Zwilich, Michael, Schnörer, Lukas, Roth, Markus, Ben-Larbi, Mohamed Khalil, Wiedemann, Carsten, Riede, Wolfgang, and Dekorsy, Thomas

Abstract

Environmental pollution exists not only within our atmosphere but also in space. Space debris is a critical problem of modern and future space infrastructure. Congested orbits raise the question of spacecraft disposal. Therefore, state-of-the-art satellites come with a deorbit system in cases of low Earth orbit (LEO) and with thrusters for transferring into the graveyard orbit for geostationary and geosynchronous orbits. No practical solution is available for debris objects that stem from fragmentation events. The present study focuses on objects in LEO orbits with dimensions in the dangerous class of 1 to 10 cm. Our assumed method for the change of trajectories of space debris is laser ablation for collision avoidance or complete removal by ground-based laser systems. Thus, we executed an experimental feasibility study with focus on thermal and impulse coupling between laser and sample. Free-fall experiments with a 10 ns laser pulse at nominally 60 J and 1064 nm were conducted with GSI Darmstadt’s nhelix laser on various sample materials with different surfaces. Ablated mass, heating, and trajectory were recorded. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of the sample surface roughness on the laser-object interaction. We measured impulse coupling coefficients between 7 and 40 µNs/J and thermal coupling coefficients between 2% and 12.5% both depending on target fluence, surface roughness, and material. Ablated mass and changes in surface roughness were considered via simulation to discriminate their relevance for a multiple shot concept.

Published
2024

29. On the Kinematics of Sheet and Cloud Cavitation and Related Erosion

Author

Pelz, Peter F., Keil, Thomas, Ludwig, Gerhard, Pelz, Peter F., Keil, Thomas, and Ludwig, Gerhard

Abstract

The influence of flow parameters such as cavitation number and Reynolds number on the cavitating cloud behavior and aggressiveness is analysed in an experimental work. The focused geometry is a convergent-divergent nozzle with a given radius of curvature at the minimum cross section. By means of a high-speed camera the kinematics of cloud cavitation is visualized. The shape of the cloud is a horse shoe (U-shaped) with two legs ending at the material surface which is in agreement with the Helmholtz vortex theorem. Indeed it is worthwhile to look at the cavitation cloud as a ring vortex whose second half is a mirror vortex within the material. Due to the convection flow, the legs of the vortex are elongated and hence the rotational speed of the vortex core will increase. Thus cavitation bubbles will concentrate within the legs of the vortex and that behavior is observed in the cavitation experiments. The aggressiveness of the cloud is quantified by using soft metal inserts adapted on the nozzle geometry. The interpretation of the plastic deformation, called pits, is done with a 2-dimensional optical measurement system, which is developed to scan large and curved surfaces. In this way damage maps are obtained. Consequently dimensional analysis is used to analyse and generalize the experimental results. Thus a critical Reynolds number is found for the transition from sheet to cloud cavitation. Further an upper limit for the Strouhal number exists for the given geometry. A physical model for the critical Reynolds number is given elsewhere [1]. Also a model for the dynamics of the observed stretched cloud with circulation is published by Buttenbender and Pelz [2].

Published
2024

30. Brain tumor imaging without gadolinium-based contrast agents: Feasible or Fantasy?

Author

Wamelink, I. J. H. G., Azizova, A., Booth, T. C., Mutsaerts, H. J. M. M., Ogunleye, A., Mankad, K., (0000-0002-3201-6002) Petr, J., Barkhof, F., Keil, V. C., Wamelink, I. J. H. G., Azizova, A., Booth, T. C., Mutsaerts, H. J. M. M., Ogunleye, A., Mankad, K., (0000-0002-3201-6002) Petr, J., Barkhof, F., and Keil, V. C.

Abstract

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) form the cornerstone of current primary brain tumor MRI protocols at all stages of the patient journey. Though an imperfect of tumor grade, GBCA is repeatedly used for diagnosis and monitoring. In practice, however, radiologists will encounter situations where GBCA injection is unwanted or of doubtful benefit. Reducing GBCA administration could improve the patient burden of (repeated) imaging, especially in vulnerable patient groups such as children, minimize risks of putative side effects, as well as benefit costs, logistics, and the environmental footprint. This review presents standard imaging strategies to reduce GBCA exposure for pediatric and adult patients with primary brain tumors, including the effect of prolonging follow-up intervals and omitting contrast-enhanced sequences. The potential of novel pulse sequences, such as arterial spin labeling, and upcoming artificial intelligence methods, e.g., to generate synthetic post-contrast images, promise to replace GBCA-dependent approaches. To attain a concise summary of the knowledge in the field, gliomas and meningiomas as typical representatives of primary brain tumors are the review’s focus. Special attention is paid to study quality and real-life applicability.

Published
2024

31. Search for a $\mu^+\mu^-$ resonance in four-muon final states at Belle II

Author

Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bilka, T., Bilokin, S., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Cremaldi, L. M., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Gudkova, K., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, T., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inguglia, G., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kalita, D., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Lautenbach, K., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Milesi, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Niebuhr, C., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Otani, F., Pakhlova, G., Panta, A., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schwanda, C., Schwickardi, M., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zhang, B., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., Zhukova, V. I., Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bilka, T., Bilokin, S., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Cremaldi, L. M., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Gudkova, K., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, T., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inguglia, G., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kalita, D., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Lautenbach, K., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Milesi, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Niebuhr, C., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Otani, F., Pakhlova, G., Panta, A., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schwanda, C., Schwickardi, M., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zhang, B., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., and Zhukova, V. I.

Abstract

We report on a search for a resonance $X$ decaying to a pair of muons in $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^- X$ events in the 0.212-9.000 GeV/$c^{2}$ mass range, using 178 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected by the BelleII experiment at the SuperKEKB collider at a center of mass energy of 10.58 GeV. The analysis probes two different models of $X$ beyond the standard model: a $Z^{\prime}$ vector boson in the $L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}$ model and a muonphilic scalar. We observe no evidence for a signal and set exclusion limits at the 90\% confidence level on the products of cross section and branching fraction for these processes, ranging from 0.046 fb to 0.97 fb for the $L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}$ model and from 0.055 fb to 1.3 fb for the muonphilic scalar model. For masses below 6 GeV/$c^{2}$, the corresponding constraints on the couplings of these processes to the standard model range from 0.0008 to 0.039 for the $L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}$ model and from 0.0018 to 0.040 for the muonphilic scalar model. These are the first constraints on the muonphilic scalar from a dedicated search.

Published
2024

32. Measurement of $CP$ asymmetries in $B^0 \rightarrow K^0_S K^0_S K^0_S$ decays at Belle II

Author

Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Bauer, M., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Behera, P. K., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Borah, J., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Chekelian, V., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cremaldi, L. M., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., De Yta-Hernandez, A., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Garmash, A., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Granderath, S., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, K., Hara, T., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Hershenhorn, A., Higuchi, T., Hill, E. C., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Ito, S., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kakuno, H., Kaleta, M., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Ketter, C., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Konno, T., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kulii, Y., Kuhr, T., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Lautenbach, K., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Leitl, P., Levit, D., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Libby, J., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lozar, A., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Milesi, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niebuhr, C., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Paladino, A., Panta, A., Paoloni, E., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peruzzi, I., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Pham, F., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Rad, N., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Rizzuto, L. B., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sahoo, D., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Sangal, A., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stottler, Z. S., Stroili, R., Strube, J., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Svidras, H., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tanigawa, H., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Toutounji, N., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uematsu, Y., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varner, G. S., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Welsch, M., Wessel, C., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zhang, Y., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., Zhukova, V. I., Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Bauer, M., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Behera, P. K., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Borah, J., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Chekelian, V., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cremaldi, L. M., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., De Yta-Hernandez, A., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Garmash, A., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Granderath, S., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, K., Hara, T., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Hershenhorn, A., Higuchi, T., Hill, E. C., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Ito, S., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kakuno, H., Kaleta, M., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Ketter, C., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Konno, T., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kulii, Y., Kuhr, T., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Lautenbach, K., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Leitl, P., Levit, D., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Libby, J., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lozar, A., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Milesi, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niebuhr, C., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Paladino, A., Panta, A., Paoloni, E., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peruzzi, I., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Pham, F., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Rad, N., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Rizzuto, L. B., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sahoo, D., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Sangal, A., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stottler, Z. S., Stroili, R., Strube, J., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Svidras, H., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tanigawa, H., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Toutounji, N., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uematsu, Y., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varner, G. S., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Welsch, M., Wessel, C., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zhang, Y., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., and Zhukova, V. I.

Abstract

We report a measurement of decay-time dependent charge-parity ($CP$) asymmetries in $B^0 \rightarrow K^0_S K^0_S K^0_S$ decays. We use $387 \times 10^6 B\bar{B}$ pairs collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy electron-positron collider. We reconstruct 220 signal events and extract the $CP$-violating parameters $S$ and $C$ from a fit to the distribution of the decay-time difference between the two $B$ mesons. The resulting confidence region is consistent with previous measurements in $B^0 \rightarrow K^0_S K^0_S K^0_S$ and $B^0 \rightarrow (c\bar{c})K^0$ decays, and with predictions based on the standard model., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

33. A test of lepton flavor universality with a measurement of $R(D^{*})$ using hadronic $B$ tagging at the Belle II experiment

Author

Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Bauer, M., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Bilokin, S., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Borah, J., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cremaldi, L. M., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Han, Y., Hara, K., Hara, T., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hill, E. C., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kakuno, H., Kaleta, M., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Konno, T., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Manthei, A. C., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Milesi, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niebuhr, C., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Paladino, A., Panta, A., Paoloni, E., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Pham, F., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Sangal, A., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Smith, K., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Svidras, H., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uematsu, Y., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Wiechczynski, J., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., Zhukova, V. I., Žlebčík, R., Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Bauer, M., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Bilokin, S., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Borah, J., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cremaldi, L. M., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Han, Y., Hara, K., Hara, T., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hill, E. C., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kakuno, H., Kaleta, M., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Konno, T., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Manthei, A. C., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Milesi, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niebuhr, C., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Paladino, A., Panta, A., Paoloni, E., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Pham, F., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Sangal, A., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Smith, K., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Svidras, H., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uematsu, Y., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Wiechczynski, J., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.

Abstract

The ratio of branching fractions $R(D^{*}) = \mathcal{B}(\overline{B} \rightarrow D^{*} \tau^{-} \overline{\nu}_{\tau})$/$\mathcal{B} (\overline{B} \rightarrow D^{*} \ell^{-} \overline{\nu}_{\ell})$, where $\ell$ is an electron or muon, is measured using a Belle~II data sample with an integrated luminosity of $189~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+} e^{-}$ collider. Data is collected at the $\Upsilon(\mathrm{4S})$ resonance, and one $B$ meson in the $\Upsilon(\mathrm{4S})\rightarrow B\overline{B}$ decay is fully reconstructed in hadronic decay modes. The accompanying signal $B$ meson is reconstructed as $\overline{B}\rightarrow D^{*} \tau^{-}\overline{\nu}_{\tau}$ using leptonic $\tau$ decays. The normalization decay, $\overline{B}\rightarrow D^{*} \ell^{-} \overline{\nu}_{\ell}$, where $\ell$ is an electron or muon, produces the same observable final state particles. The ratio of branching fractions is extracted in a simultaneous fit to two signal-discriminating variables in both channels and yields $R(D^{*}) = 0.262~_{-0.039}^{+0.041}(\mathrm{stat})~_{-0.032}^{+0.035}(\mathrm{syst})$. This result is consistent with the current world average and with standard model predictions., Comment: 16 pages, 17 figures, submitted to PRD

Published
2024

34. Measurement of $CP$ asymmetries in $B^0\to\eta'K^0_s$ decays at Belle II

Author

Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bilka, T., Bilokin, S., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Borah, J., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, K., Hara, T., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kakuno, H., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Levit, D., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liu, M., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Niebuhr, C., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Panta, A., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uematsu, Y., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., Zhukova, V. I., Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bilka, T., Bilokin, S., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Borah, J., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, K., Hara, T., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kakuno, H., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Levit, D., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liu, M., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Niebuhr, C., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Panta, A., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uematsu, Y., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., and Zhukova, V. I.

Abstract

We describe a measurement of charge-parity ($CP$) violation asymmetries in $B^0\to\eta'K^0_S$ decays using Belle II data. We consider $\eta'\to\eta(\to\gamma\gamma)\pi^+\pi^-$ and $\eta'\to\rho(\to\pi^+\pi^-)\gamma$ decays. The data were collected at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider between the years 2019 and 2022, and contain $(387\pm 6) \times 10^6$ bottom-antibottom meson pairs. We reconstruct $829\pm35$ signal decays and extract the $CP$ violating parameters from a fit to the distribution of the proper-decay-time difference between the two $B$ mesons. The measured direct and mixing-induced $CP$ asymmetries are $\text{C}_{\eta'K^0_S} = -0.19 \pm 0.08 \pm 0.03 $ and $\text{S}_{\eta'K^0_S} = +0.67 \pm 0.10 \pm 0.04 $, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. These results are in agreement with current world averages and standard model predictions.

Published
2024

35. Study of $\Upsilon(10753)$ decays to $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\Upsilon(nS)$ final states at Belle II

Author

Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheema, P., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, T., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kakuno, H., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumar, M., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Levit, D., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liu, M., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Niebuhr, C., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Panta, A., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., Zhukova, V. I., Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheema, P., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, T., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kakuno, H., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumar, M., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Levit, D., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liu, M., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Niebuhr, C., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Panta, A., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., and Zhukova, V. I.

Abstract

We present an analysis of the process $e^{+}e^{-}\to\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\Upsilon(nS)$ (where $n$ = 1, 2, or 3) reconstructed in $19.6\rm$ $\rm fb^{-1}$ of Belle II data during a special run of the SuperKEKB collider at four energy points near the peak of the $\Upsilon(10753)$ resonance. By analyzing the mass distribution of the $\pi^+\pi^-\Upsilon(nS)$ system and the Born cross sections of the $e^{+}e^{-}\to\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\Upsilon(nS)$ process, we report the first observation of $\Upsilon(10753)$ decays to the $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\Upsilon(1S)$ and $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\Upsilon(2S)$ final states, and find no evidence for decays to $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\Upsilon(3S)$. Possible intermediate states in the $\pi^+\pi^-\Upsilon(1S,2S)$ transitions are also investigated, and no evidence for decays proceeding via the $\pi^\mp Z_b^\pm$ or $f_0(980)\Upsilon(nS)$ intermediate states is found. We measure Born cross sections for the $e^{+}e^{-}\to\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\Upsilon(nS)$ process that, combined with results from Belle, improve the precision of measurements of the $\Upsilon(10753)$ mass and width by nearly a factor of two to $(10756.3\pm2.7\pm0.6)$ MeV/$c^2$ and $(29.7\pm8.5\pm1.1)$ MeV, respectively. The relative ratios of the Born cross sections at the $\Upsilon(10753)$ resonance peak are also reported for the first time.

Published
2024

36. A new graph-neural-network flavor tagger for Belle II and measurement of $\sin2\phi_1$ in $B^0 \to J/\psi K^0_\text{S}$ decays

Author

Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Bilokin, S., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Han, Y., Hara, K., Hara, T., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kakuno, H., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Levit, D., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Lin, Y. -R., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niebuhr, C., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Panta, A., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Sangal, A., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schwanda, C., Schwickardi, M., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uematsu, Y., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zhang, B., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., Zhukova, V. I., Žlebčík, R., Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Bilokin, S., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Han, Y., Hara, K., Hara, T., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kakuno, H., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Levit, D., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Lin, Y. -R., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niebuhr, C., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Panta, A., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Sangal, A., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schwanda, C., Schwickardi, M., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uematsu, Y., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zhang, B., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.

Abstract

We present GFlaT, a new algorithm that uses a graph-neural-network to determine the flavor of neutral $B$ mesons produced in $\Upsilon(4S)$ decays. It improves previous algorithms by using the information from all charged final-state particles and the relations between them. We evaluate its performance using $B$ decays to flavor-specific hadronic final states reconstructed in a 362 $\text{fb}^{-1}$ sample of electron-positron collisions collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB collider. We achieve an effective tagging efficiency of $(37.40 \pm 0.43 \pm 0.36) \%$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic, which is $18\%$ better than the previous Belle II algorithm. Demonstrating the algorithm, we use $B^{0}\to J/\psi K^0_\text{S}$ decays to measure the mixing-induced and direct $CP$ violation parameters, $S = (0.724 \pm 0.035 \pm 0.014)$ and $C = (-0.035 \pm 0.026 \pm 0.013)$., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures

Published
2024

37. The Open Science Initiative for Perfusion Imaging (OSIPI): ASL Pipeline inventory

Author

Fan, H., Mutsaerts, H. J. M. M., Anazodo, U., Arteaga, D., Baas, K. P. A., Buchanan, C., Camargo, A., Keil, V. C., Lin, Z., Lindner, T., Hirschler, L., Hu, J., Padrela, B. E., Taghvaei, M., Thomas, D. L., Dolui, S., (0000-0002-3201-6002) Petr, J., Fan, H., Mutsaerts, H. J. M. M., Anazodo, U., Arteaga, D., Baas, K. P. A., Buchanan, C., Camargo, A., Keil, V. C., Lin, Z., Lindner, T., Hirschler, L., Hu, J., Padrela, B. E., Taghvaei, M., Thomas, D. L., Dolui, S., and (0000-0002-3201-6002) Petr, J.

Abstract

Purpose: To create an inventory of automated image processing pipelines of Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) and summarize their features and accessibility for users to choose an optimal pipeline to fit their needs. Methods: Pipeline developers were invited to self-assess their pipelines using a questionnaire developed by the Task Force 1.1 of the Open Science Initiative for Perfusion Imaging (OSIPI). Additionally, publicly available pipelines were evaluated by two independent testers using an objective unified scoring system. The testing focused on the capability, flexibility, and ease of use of the pipelines on various datasets. Results: The developers of twenty-one pipelines filled in the questionnaire. Most pipelines support data from the three major vendors, i.e., GE (n=15), Philips (n=15), and Siemens (n=16), are free for research (n=18), work with the standard neuroimaging data format NIfTI (n=15), and can process standard 3D single PLD pseudo-continuous ASL images (n=21). Pipelines mainly differed in their support of advanced sequences and advanced features. Nine publicly available pipelines were included in the independent testing. Whereas certain pipelines were easy to use for users without programming skills, other pipelines offered more flexibility for configuring advanced processing options. Conclusion: ASL data from the most commonly used ASL sequences saved in the standard neuroimaging data formats can be easily processed using publicly available pipelines. A specific choice of a pipeline should consider specific requirements on features and users’ skills, and the ASL inventory can serve as a valuable guide to facilitate this choice.

Published
2024

38. A super-localized generalized finite element method

Author

Freese, Jan Philip, Hauck, Moritz, Keil, Tim, Peterseim, Daniel, Freese, Jan Philip, Hauck, Moritz, Keil, Tim, and Peterseim, Daniel

Abstract

This paper presents a novel multi-scale method for elliptic partial differential equations with arbitrarily rough coefficients. In the spirit of numerical homogenization, the method constructs problem-adapted ansatz spaces with uniform algebraic approximation rates. Localized basis functions with the same super-exponential localization properties as the recently proposed Super-Localized Orthogonal Decomposition enable an efficient implementation. The method’s basis stability is enforced using a partition of unity approach. A natural extension to higher order is presented, resulting in higher approximation rates and enhanced localization properties. We perform a rigorous a priori and a posteriori error analysis and confirm our theoretical findings in a series of numerical experiments. In particular, we demonstrate the method’s applicability for challenging high-contrast channeled coefficients.

Published
2024

39. Behavioural changes to moderate heat load in grazing dairy cows under on-farm conditions

Author

Holinger, Mirjam, Bühl, Verena, Helbing, Manuela, Pieper, Lena, Kürmann, Sabine, Pontiggia, Alice, Dohme-Meier, Frigga, Keil, Nina, Ammer, Stefanie, Holinger, Mirjam, Bühl, Verena, Helbing, Manuela, Pieper, Lena, Kürmann, Sabine, Pontiggia, Alice, Dohme-Meier, Frigga, Keil, Nina, and Ammer, Stefanie

Abstract

Heat stress poses an increasing risk to welfare, health and productivity of dairy cows, especially for cows on pasture. To apply timely mitigation strategies for grazing cows, simple indicators are needed that signal heat stress. We conducted an exploratory study on the behaviour of grazing dairy cows in relation to the environmental heat load on four commercial dairy farms in Switzerland with herd sizes ranging from 20 to 57 cows. In a scan-sampling procedure standing/lying, feeding/ruminating, low inter-individual distances, proximity to drinker, use of natural shade and insect infestation were observed during 30 days (5–9 days/per farm). Additionally, 10 focal cows per farm were equipped with accelerometers to analyse lying duration and locomotor activity during on average 46 days per farm. On one farm all cows (N = 57) were equipped with GPS devices which were used to calculate inter-individual distances among cows continuously during 69 days. Air temperature and relative humidity were recorded to calculate the temperature-humidity index (THI). For behaviours recorded in direct observations, a principal component analysis was performed for variable reduction. The first three principal components (PC) as well as the variables from automatic measurements were used as outcome variables in mixed effects models with daily maximum THI (THImax), time of day (continuous, in 10 min intervals) and their interaction as explanatory variables. The three PCs could be described as: “feeding and standing”, “proximity to drinker” and “standing in close proximity and seeking shade”. The daily pattern of these PC's differed by THImax (interaction time of day * THImax; all p < 0.01). On days with high THImax compared to days with lower THImax cows were seen more often close to the drinker in the morning, but not in the afternoon when they were observed standing close to each other and in the shade. On days with high THImax, cows also were lying less and increased their locomotor ac

Published
2024

40. Exposure to indoor light at night in relation to multiple dimensions of sleep health: findings from the Sister Study.

Author

Sweeney, Marina, Sweeney, Marina, Nichols, Hazel, Jones, Rena, Olshan, Andrew, Keil, Alexander, Engel, Lawrence, Sandler, Dale, White, Alexandra, Jackson, Chandra, James, Peter, Sweeney, Marina, Sweeney, Marina, Nichols, Hazel, Jones, Rena, Olshan, Andrew, Keil, Alexander, Engel, Lawrence, Sandler, Dale, White, Alexandra, Jackson, Chandra, and James, Peter

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between light at night (LAN) and multiple sleep health dimensions. METHODS: Among 47 765 Sister Study participants, indoor LAN (TV on in the room, light(s) on in room, light from outside the room, nightlight, no light) and sleep dimensions were self-reported at baseline (2003-2009). We used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the cross-sectional associations between LAN and short sleep duration (<7 hours/night), insomnia symptoms (difficulty falling or staying asleep), frequent napping (≥3 naps/week), inconsistent sleep/wake time (differed day-to-day and week-to-week), sleep debt (≥2 hours between longest and shortest duration), recent sleep medication use, and a cumulative poor sleep score (≥3 poor sleep dimensions). Population-attributable risks (PARs) were determined for any light exposure vs. none by race/ethnicity. RESULTS: Compared to sleeping with no light in the bedroom, sleeping with a TV on was associated with a higher prevalence of most dimensions of poor sleep (e.g. short sleep duration: PR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.32 to 1.45; inconsistent sleep/wake time: PR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.44 to 1.66; sleep debt: PR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.29 to 1.44; poor sleep score: PR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.48-1.68). PARs tended to be higher for non-Hispanic black women compared to non-Hispanic white women. CONCLUSIONS: Sleeping with a TV on was associated with poor sleep health among US women, and non-Hispanic black women may be disproportionately burdened.

Published
2024

41. Inhibitory behaviour and adsorption stability of benzothiazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors towards galvanised steel

Author

BASF Española, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Deng, Qiushi, Castillo-Robles, José María, Freitas Martins, Ernane de, Ordejón, Pablo, Gorges, Jan-Niclas, Eiden, Philipp, Chen, Xiao-Bo, Keil, Patrick, Cole, Ivan, BASF Española, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Deng, Qiushi, Castillo-Robles, José María, Freitas Martins, Ernane de, Ordejón, Pablo, Gorges, Jan-Niclas, Eiden, Philipp, Chen, Xiao-Bo, Keil, Patrick, and Cole, Ivan

Abstract

An in-depth understanding of corrosion inhibitor behaviour(s) at the metal–solution interface governed by unique molecular features is the key premise to realising molecular tailoring for pronounced metal protection. This study investigated the distinct adsorption behaviours induced by merely replacing the chemical functionality upon benzothiazole, i.e., 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) and 2-aminobenzothiazole (2-ABT), towards electro-galvanised steel (ZE) corrosion using both experimental and theoretical approaches. Electrochemical results confirm that both inhibitor candidates act as corrosion inhibitors for ZE in NaCl solution. The underlying interactions of the inhibitor molecule with the targeting metal, dissolved metal ions and corrosion products were explored by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It is suggested that 2-MBT facilitates the precipitation upon the ZE by complexing with the released Zn2+ in solution, while 2-ABT promotes preferentially thin inhibitor film formation initiated by chemisorption. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals that at high concentrations the molecules tend to adsorb vertically (slightly tilted) at the surface, where the presented heteroatoms enhance surface–molecule interaction. In addition, DFT suggests that the strong binding strength of 2-MBT could facilitate the formation of complexes with displaced Zn. Based on the proposed mechanisms, the adsorption stability upon polarised ZE surfaces was determined, which reveals that 2-MBT forms a thick inhibitor layer at a relatively high polarisation state, whereas 2-ABT dissociates from the surface with the increasing value of surface overpotential. The findings of this study provide structural understanding that underpins inhibitor tailoring and molecular design to achieve the desired inhibition properties.

Published
2024

42. The NEPOS Project: Near-Surface Seismic Exploration of Planetary Bodies with Adaptive Networks

Author

Keil, Sabrina, Igel, Heiner, Bernauer, Felix, Shutin, Dmitriy, Shin, Ban-Sok, Nierula, Kai, Reiss, Philipp, Sesko, Rok, Lindner, Fabian, Keil, Sabrina, Igel, Heiner, Bernauer, Felix, Shutin, Dmitriy, Shin, Ban-Sok, Nierula, Kai, Reiss, Philipp, Sesko, Rok, and Lindner, Fabian

Abstract

Ground motion observations on planetary objects are a prerequisite for a detailed understanding of their interior structure and evolution. The imaging of the near surface structure - in particular on the Moon - has strong practical implications. First, the race is on to detect ice-bearing rocks near the surface from which water could be extracted and used as a resource for crewed missions. Second, due to the substantial bombardment of the lunar surface with meteorites and the lack of an atmosphere, observatories or habitats may have to be built underground. It has been proposed that cavities from ancient lava flows below the lunar surface could be used to place infrastructure. Current mission plans for geophysical exploration focus on static seismic sensors/arrays that would be restricted to the area they can explore. With the NEPOS project we want to go beyond these restrictions and develop concepts for mobile seismic arrays that work in an autonomous way using robotic technology. The scientific challenges include the understanding of wavefield effects of icy rocks and caves in a strongly scattering environment, the provision of optimal source-receiver configurations to detect them, as well as an integrated data-processing workflow from observation to subsurface image including the quantification of uncertainties. In order to solve these challenges, we first developed a Digital Twin for wave propagation in the strongly heterogeneous lunar crust to generate synthetic seismic data using the spectral element code SALVUS. We compared the synthetic seismograms to data from the Apollo 17 Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment (LPSE) and find that their main characteristics coincide. We further generated synthetic seismograms for a variety of network configurations and subsurface heterogeneities, which will be used to test appropriate imaging methods for the lunar subsurface structure. Due to the presence of strongly scattering media ambient noise tomography seems to be a pro

Published
2024

43. Determinación de la edad de transición de madera juvenil a madura y de sus valores elasto-resistentes en Pinus contorta

Author

Refort, Maria Mercedes, Acuña Rello, Luis, Monteoliva, S., Mateo, Camila, Charlot, Perle, Palazzini, Dino, Pagano, Cristian, Gabriel, Keil, Spavento, Eleana, Refort, Maria Mercedes, Acuña Rello, Luis, Monteoliva, S., Mateo, Camila, Charlot, Perle, Palazzini, Dino, Pagano, Cristian, Gabriel, Keil, and Spavento, Eleana

Abstract

El porcentaje de madera juvenil en coníferas de crecimiento rápido es un factor determinante de las propiedades básicas, ya que su proporción aumenta a medida que disminuye la edad de rotación. Dicha madera se caracteriza por presentar menor longitud y espesor de pared de traqueidas y mayor ángulo micro-fibrilar, lo cual se traduce en menor densidad y propiedades elasto-resistentes más bajas. Para delimitar la edad transición de madera (juvenil-madura) se realiza el análisis radial de algunas de las características mencionadas. La importancia de establecer dicha edad, radica en la estimación de los volúmenes de ambos tipos de madera, su calidad y potencialidad de uso. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la edad de transición y comparar sus valores elasto-resistentes en Pinus contorta (lodgepole). Se trabajó con 9 muestras de 35 años, radios norte y sur para estudios anatómicos, y madera juvenil y madura para ensayos físico mecánicos. Las edades de transición resultaron entre los 12 y 16,5 años, dirección norte y sur, respectivamente. Las variables anatómicas, físicas y mecánicas se diferenciaron significativamente, siendo mayores en la madera madura. A fin de generar una base de datos de esta especie para la región, se sugiere continuar con estudios similares en otros sitios.

Published
2024

44. The demise of branch banking - Technology, consolidation, bank fragility

Author

Keil, Jan, Ongena, Steven; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8381-0062, Keil, Jan, and Ongena, Steven; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8381-0062

Abstract

We study bank branching dynamics across 3,143 US counties and 26 years. During the last decade, banks closed their branches at an unprecedented rate. At its peak in 2009, there were 90,783 branches. By 2020, this number has fallen by 12 percent. While technological factors correlate with these branching dynamics, bank fragility and consolidation are also strongly associated with changes in the number of branches (and their openings and closures). Interestingly, technological capabilities to service customers, such as online banking, seem less tightly linked to de-branching than technological capabilities to process internal information. Our analysis shows that large banks rely on internal technology to shed branches, while small banks close branches when they are vulnerable or consolidate.

Published
2024

45. Behavioural changes to moderate heat load in grazing dairy cows under on-farm conditions

Author

Holinger, Mirjam, Bühl, Verena, Helbing, Manuela, Pieper, Lena, Kürmann, Sabine, Pontiggia, Alice, Dohme-Meier, Frigga, Keil, Nina, Ammer, Stefanie, Holinger, Mirjam, Bühl, Verena, Helbing, Manuela, Pieper, Lena, Kürmann, Sabine, Pontiggia, Alice, Dohme-Meier, Frigga, Keil, Nina, and Ammer, Stefanie

Abstract

Heat stress poses an increasing risk to welfare, health and productivity of dairy cows, especially for cows on pasture. To apply timely mitigation strategies for grazing cows, simple indicators are needed that signal heat stress. We conducted an exploratory study on the behaviour of grazing dairy cows in relation to the environmental heat load on four commercial dairy farms in Switzerland with herd sizes ranging from 20 to 57 cows. In a scan-sampling procedure standing/lying, feeding/ruminating, low inter-individual distances, proximity to drinker, use of natural shade and insect infestation were observed during 30 days (5–9 days/per farm). Additionally, 10 focal cows per farm were equipped with accelerometers to analyse lying duration and locomotor activity during on average 46 days per farm. On one farm all cows (N = 57) were equipped with GPS devices which were used to calculate inter-individual distances among cows continuously during 69 days. Air temperature and relative humidity were recorded to calculate the temperature-humidity index (THI). For behaviours recorded in direct observations, a principal component analysis was performed for variable reduction. The first three principal components (PC) as well as the variables from automatic measurements were used as outcome variables in mixed effects models with daily maximum THI (THImax), time of day (continuous, in 10 min intervals) and their interaction as explanatory variables. The three PCs could be described as: “feeding and standing”, “proximity to drinker” and “standing in close proximity and seeking shade”. The daily pattern of these PC's differed by THImax (interaction time of day * THImax; all p < 0.01). On days with high THImax compared to days with lower THImax cows were seen more often close to the drinker in the morning, but not in the afternoon when they were observed standing close to each other and in the shade. On days with high THImax, cows also were lying less and increased their locomotor ac

Published
2024

46. Behavioural responses related to increasing core body temperature of grazing dairy cows experiencing moderate heat stress

Author

Pontiggia, A., Münger, A., Eggerschwiler, L., Holinger, M., Stucki, D., Ammer, S., Bruckmaier, R.M., Dohme-Meier, F., Keil, N.M., Pontiggia, A., Münger, A., Eggerschwiler, L., Holinger, M., Stucki, D., Ammer, S., Bruckmaier, R.M., Dohme-Meier, F., and Keil, N.M.

Abstract

Exposure to direct solar radiation, high ambient temperature, lack of wind movement, coupled with own metabolic heat production, makes grazing dairy cows vulnerable to heat stress. In pastures, it would be beneficial to monitor heat stress by observable changes in behaviour. We hypothesised that grazing dairy cows exhibit behavioural changes due to increasing heat load in temperate climate. Over two consecutive summers, 38 full-time grazing Holstein dairy cows were investigated in 12 experimental periods of up to 3 consecutive days where the cows were repeatedly exposed to various levels of moderate heat load determined by the comprehensive climate index (CCI). The CCI defines the ambient climate conditions, combining air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and wind speed. Vaginal temperature (VT) was automatically measured as an indicator of heat stress. In addition, as a less invasive method, we investigated if reticular temperature (RET) can be indicative of heat stress on pastures. Walking activity, lying-, feeding, and ruminating durations were recorded continuously with sensors. Respiration rate (RR), proximity to and competition at the water trough, social licking, self-licking, inter-individual distance, and fly intensity were directly observed. Data were analysed in the morning (0900–1100 h) and during the hottest time of day when cows were on pasture (1230–1430 h). The VT and RET showed similar patterns in relation to the CCI, suggesting that RET can be suitable for continuous monitoring of heat stress on pastures. In the morning, the cow’s VT and RET did not relevantly react to the CCI. During the period 1230–1430 h, the cow’s mean VT (mean vaginal temperature (VTMEAN); range: 37.7–40.3 °C) and mean RET (mean reticular temperature; range: 37.0–41.1 °C) were positively related to the mean CCI (mean comprehensive climate index) in this period (mean ± SD: 25.9 ± 5.71 °C). For cows with greater VTMEAN, an increased mean RR and decreased durations

Published
2024

47. Dried porous biomaterials from mealworm protein gels : proof of concept and impact of drying method on structural properties and Zinc retention

Author

Klost, Martina, Keil, Claudia, Gurikov, Pavel, Klost, Martina, Keil, Claudia, and Gurikov, Pavel

Abstract

Dried porous materials can be found in a wide range of applications. So far, they are mostly prepared from inorganic or indigestible raw materials. The aim of the presented study was to provide a proof of concept for (a) the suitability of mealworm protein gels to be turned into dried porous biomaterials by either a combination of solvent exchange and supercritical drying to obtain aerogels or by lyophilization to obtain lyophilized hydrogels and (b) the suitability of either drying method to retain trace elements such as zinc in the gels throughout the drying process. Hydrogels were prepared from mealworm protein, subsequently dried using either method, and characterized via FT-IR, BET volume, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Retention of zinc was evaluated via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results showed that both drying methods were suitable for obtaining dried porous biomaterials and that the drying method mainly influenced the overall surface area and pore hydrophobicity but not the secondary structure of the proteins in the gels or their zinc content after drying. Therefore, a first proof of concept for utilizing mealworm protein hydrogels as a base for dried porous biomaterials was successful and elucidated the potential of these materials as future sustainable alternatives to more conventional dried porous materials.

Published
2024

48. Measurement of the radius dependence of charged-particle jet suppression in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

Author

Acharya, Shreyasi, Adamová, Dagmar, Adler, Alexander, Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca, Agnello, Michelangelo, Agrawal, Neelima, Ahammed, Zubayer, Ahmad, Shakeel, Ahn, Sang Un, Ahuja, Ishaan, Akindinov, Alexander, Al-Turany, Mohammad, Aleksandrov, Dmitry, Alessandro, Bruno, Alfanda, Haidar Mas’ud, Alfaro Molina, Jose Ruben, Ali, Bushra, Alici, Andrea, Alizadehvandchali, Negin, Alkin, Anton, Alme, Johan, Alocco, Giacomo, Alt, Torsten, Altsybeev, Igor, Alvarado Garcia, Jesús Ricardo, Anaam, Mustafa Naji, Andrei, Cristian, Andronic, Anton, Anguelov, Venelin, Antinori, Federico, Antonioli, Pietro, Apadula, Nicole, Aphecetche, Laurent Bernard, Appelshäuser, Harald, Arata, Carolina, Arcelli, Silvia, Aresti, Mauro, Arnaldi, Roberta, Arneiro, Jhoao Gabriel Martins Campos Almeida, Arsene, Ionut Cristian, Arslandok, Mesut, Augustinus, Andre, Averbeck, Ralf Peter, Azmi, Mohd Danish, Badalà, Angela, Bae, Joonsuk, Baek, Yong Wook, Bai, Xiaozhi, Bailhache, Raphaëlle, Bailung, Yoshini, Balbino, Alessandro, Baldisseri, Alberto, Balis, Bartosz, Banerjee, Debjani, Banoo, Zarina, Barbera, Roberto, Barile, Francesco, Barioglio, Luca, Barlou, Maria, Barnaföldi, Gergely Gábor, Barnby, Lee Stuart, Ramillien Barret, Valerie, Barreto De Oliveira Campos, Leonardo, Bartels, Clara, Barth, Klaus, Bartsch, Esther, Bastid, Nicole, Basu, Sumit, Batigne, Guillaume, Battistini, Daniel, Batyunya, Boris, Bauri, Dibakar, Bazo Alba, José Luis, Bearden, Ian Gardner, Beattie, Caitlin, Becht, Pascal, Behera, Debadatta, Belikov, Iouri, Bell Hechavarria, Ailec de la Caridad, Bellini, Francesca, Bellwied, Rene, Belokurova, Svetlana, Belyaev, Vladimir, Bencédi, Gyula, Beolè, Stefania, Berdnikov, Yaroslav, Berdnikova, Anastasia, Bergmann, Luisa, Besoiu, Mihaela Gabriela, Betev, Latchezar, Bhaduri, Partha Pratim, Bhasin, Anju, Bhat, Mohammad Asif, Bhattacharjee, Buddhadeb, Bianchi, Livio, Bianchi, Nicola, Bielčík, Jaroslav, Bielčíková, Jana, Biernat, Jacek, Bigot, Alexandre Patrick, Bilandzic, Ante, Biro, Gabor, Biswas, Saikat, Bize, Nicolas Luc, Blair, Justin Thomas, Blau, Dmitry S., Blidaru, Mihail-Bogdan, Bluhme, Nora, Blume, Christoph, Boca, Gianluigi, Bock, Friederike, Bodova, Tea, Bogdanov, Alexey A., Boi, Stefano, Bok, Jeongsu, Boldizsar, Laszlo, Bombara, Marek, Bond, Peter Matthew, Bonomi, Germano, Borel, Herve, Borissov, Alexander, Borquez Carcamo, Andres Gerardo, Bossi, Hannah, Botta, Elena, El Mard Bouziani, Youssef, Bratrud, Lars, Braun-Munzinger, Peter, Bregant, Marco, Broz, Michal, Bruno, Giuseppe Eugenio, Buckland, Matthew Daniel, Budnikov, Dmitry, Büsching, Henner, Bufalino, Stefania, Bühler, Paul, Buthelezi, Edith Zinhle, Bylinkin, Alexander, Bysiak, Sebastian Adam, Cai, Mengke, Caines, Helen Louise, Caliva, Alberto, Calvo Villar, Ernesto, Mejia Camacho, Juan Manuel, Camerini, Paolo, Canedo, Fabio de Moraes Canedo, Weyhmiller, Sierra Lisa, Carabas, Mihai, Amatriain Carballo, Aitor, Carnesecchi, Francesca, Caron, Robin Albert Andre, Abranches De Carvalho, Leopoldo, Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto, Catalano, Fabio, Ceballos Sanchez, Cesar, Chakaberia, Irakli, Chakraborty, Pritam, Chandra, Sinjini, Chapeland, Sylvain, Chartier, Marielle, Chattopadhyay, Subhasis, Chattopadhyay, Sukalyan, Cheng, Tiantian, Cheshkov, Cvetan Valeriev, Cheynis, Brigitte, Chibante Barroso, Vasco Miguel, Chinellato, David Dobrigkeit, Chizzali, Emma Sophia, Cho, Jaeyoon, Cho, Soyeon, Chochula, Peter, Christakoglou, Panagiotis, Christensen, Christian Holm, Christiansen, Peter L., Chujo, Tatsuya, Ciacco, Mario, Cicalò, Corrado, Cindolo, Federico, Ciupek, Michael Rudolf, Clai, Giulia, Colamaria, Fabio Filippo, Colburn, Jonathan Samuel, Colella, Domenico, Colocci, Manuel, Concas, Matteo, Conesa Balbastre, Gustavo, Conesa Del Valle, Zaida, Contin, Giacomo, Contreras Nuno, Jesus Guillermo, Coquet, Maurice Louis, Cormier, Thomas Michael, Cortese, Pietro, Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio, Costa, Filippo, Costanza, Susanna, Cot, Corentin, Crkovská, Jana, Crochet, Philippe, Cruz Torres, Reynier, Cui, Pengyao, Dainese, Andrea, Danisch, Meike Charlotte, Danu, Andrea, Das, Prottay, Das, Prottoy, Das, Supriya, Dash, Archita Rani, Dash, Sadhana, De Caro, Annalisa, De Cataldo, Giacinto, Cuveland, Jan de, De Falco, Alessandro, De Gruttola, Daniele, De Marco, Nora, De Martin, Chiara, De Pasquale, Salvatore, Deb, Rohaan, Deb, Suman, Debski, Roman Jan, Deja, Kamil Rafal, Del Grande, Raffaele, Dello Stritto, Luigi, Deng, Wenjing, Dhankher, Preeti, Di Bari, Domenico, Di Mauro, Antonio, Diab, Batoul, Arteche Diaz, Raul, Dietel, Thomas, Ding, Yanchun, Divià, Roberto, Dixit, Dhruv Utpalkumar, Djuvsland, Øystein, Dmitrieva, Uliana, Dobrin, Alexandru Florin, Donigus, Benjamin, Dubinski, Jan Michal, Dubla, Andrea, Dudi, Sandeep, Dupieux, Pascal, Durkac, Martin, Dzalaiova, Natalia, Eder, Tabea Maria, Ehlers, Raymond James, III, Eisenhut, Florian, Elia, Domenico, Erazmus, Barbara Ewa, Ercolessi, Francesca, Erhardt, Filip, Ersdal, Magnus Rentsch, Espagnon, Bruno, Eulisse, Giulio, Evans, David, Evdokimov, Sergey, Fabbietti, Laura, Faggin, Mattia, Faivre, Julien, Fan, Feng, Fan, Wenqing, Fantoni, Alessandra, Fasel, Markus, Fecchio, Pietro, Feliciello, Alessandro, Feofilov, Grigori A., Fernández Téllez, Arturo, Ferrandi De Oliveira, Lucas, Bertran Ferrer, Marta, Ferrero, Andrea, Ferrero, Chiara, Ferretti, Alessandro, Feuillard, Victor Jose Gaston, Filova, Vendulka, Finogeev, Dmitry, Fionda, Fiorella Maria Celeste, Flor, Fernando Antonio, Flores, Amanda Nicole, Foertsch, Siegfried Valentin, Fokin, Ilya, Fokin, Sergey, Fragiacomo, Enrico, Frajna, Eszter, Fuchs, Ulrich, Funicello, Nicola, Furget, Christophe, Furs, Artur, Fusayasu, Takahiro, Gaardhoeje, Jens Joergen, Gagliardi, Martino, Gago Medina, Alberto Martín, Duarte Galvan, Carlos, Gangadharan, Dhevan Raja, Ganoti, Paraskevi, Garabatos Cuadrado, Jose Maria, García Chávez, Tonatiuh, Garcia-Solis, Edmundo Javier, Gargiulo, Corrado, Demmich, Katharina, Gasik, Piotr, Gautam, Amrit, Ducati, Maria Beatriz de Leone Gay, Germain, Marie, Ghimouz, Abderrahmane, Ghosh, Chandrasekhar, Giacalone, Marco, Giubellino, Paolo, Giubilato, Piero, Glaenzer, Aude Marie Camille, Glässel, Peter, Glimos, Ewa, Goh, Daniel Jia Qin, Gonzalez Sebastian, Victor Luis, Gorgon, Marek Boguslaw, Gotovac, Sven, Grabski, Varlen, Graczykowski, Łukasz Kamil, Grecka, Ekaterina, Grelli, Alessandro, Grigoraș, Costin, Grigoryev, Vladislav, Grigoryan, Smbat, Grosa, Fabrizio, Große-Oetringhaus, Jan Fiete, Grosso, Raffaele, Grund, David, Garcia Guardiano, Gabriel, Guernane, Rachid, Guilbaud, Maxime Rene Joseph, Gulbrandsen, Kristjan Herlache, Gündem, Tuba, Gunji, Taku, Guo, Wenda, Gupta, Anik, Gupta, Ramni, Gupta, Rashi, Gwizdziel, Katarzyna, Gyulai, Laszlo, Haake, Rüdiger, Habib, Michael Karim, Hadjidakis, Cynthia Marie, Haider, Fakhar Ul, Hamagaki, Hideki, Hamdi, Abdennacer, Hamid, Mohammed, Han, Younghoon, Hannigan, Ryan, Hansen, Joachim, Haque, Md Rihan, Harris, John William, Harton, Austin Vincent, Hassan, Hadi, Hatzifotiadou, Despina, Hauer, Philip, Havener, Laura Brittany, Heckel, Stefan Thomas, Hellbär, Ernst, Helstrup, Håvard, Hemmer, Marvin, Herman, Tomáš, Herrera Corral, Gerardo Antonio, Herrmann, Florian, Herrmann, Sarah Nina Edwige, Hetland, Kristin Fanebust, Heybeck, Benedict, Hillemanns, Hartmut, Hippolyte, Boris, Hoffmann, Felix Willi, Hofman, Bas, Hohlweger, Bernhard, Hong, Geunhee, Horst, Maximilian, Horzyk, Adrian, Hou, Yongzhen, Hristov, Peter, Hughes, Charles, Huhn, Patrick, Huhta, Laura Maria, Humanic, Thomas J., Hutson, Alek, Hutter, Dirk, Ilkaev, Radiy, Ilyas, Hira, Inaba, Motoi, Innocenti, Gian Michele, Ippolitov, Mikhail, Isakov, Artem, Isidori, Tommaso, Islam, Md Samsul, Ivanov, Marian, Ivanov, Vladimir, Jablonski, Miroslaw, Jacak, Barbara, Jacazio, Nicolò, Jacobs, Peter Martin, Jadlovska, Slavka, Jadlovsky, Jan, Jaelani, Syaefudin, Jahnke, Cristiane, Jakubowska, Monika Joanna, Janik, Malgorzata Anna, Janson, Thomas, Jercic, Marko, Jia, Shihai, Paz Jimenez, Alom Antonio, Jonas, Florian, Jowett, John M., Jung, Jerome, Jung, Michael, Junique, Antoine Jean-Simon, Jusko, Anton, Karwowska, Maja Jadwiga, Kaewjai, Jetnipit, Kalinak, Peter, Kalteyer, Annalena Sophie, Kalweit, Alexander Philipp, Kaplin, Vladimir, Karasu Uysal, Ayben, Karatović, David, Karavichev, Oleg V., Karavicheva, Tatiana L., Karczmarczyk, Przemyslaw, Karpechev, Evgeny, Kebschull, Udo, Keidel, Ralf, Keijdener, Darius, Keil, Markus, Ketzer, Bernhard, Khade, Swapnesh Santosh, Khan, Ahsan Mehmood, Khan, Shaista, Khanzadeev, Alexei, Kharlov, Yury, Khatun, Anisa, Khuntia, Arvind, Kidson, Miles Brower, Kileng, Bjarte, Kim, Beomkyu, Kim, Chong, Kim, Dong Jo, Kim, Eun Joo, Kim, Jaehyun, Kim, Jinsook, Junlee, Kim, Kim, Minjung, Kim, Se Yong, Kim, Taejun, Kimura, Kento, Kirsch, Stefan, Kisel, Ivan, Kiselev, Sergej N., Kisiel, Adam Ryszard, Kitowski, Jacek Pawel, Klay, Jennifer Lynn, Klein, Jochen, Klein, Spencer Robert, Klein-Bösing, Christian, Kleiner, Matthias, Klemenz, Thomas, Kluge, Alexander, Knospe, Anders Garritt, Kobdaj, Chinorat, Kollegger, Thorsten, Kondratyev, Andrey, Kondratyeva, Natalia, Kondratyuk, Evgeny, König, Joshua Leon, Königstorfer, Stephan Alexander, Konopka, Piotr Jan, Kornakov Van, Georgui, Korwieser, Maximilian, Koryciak, Sebastian Dominik, Kotliarov, Artem, Kovalenko, Vladimir, Kowalski, Marek, Kozhuharov, Venelin Valeriev, Králik, Ivan, Kravčáková, Adela, Krcal, Lubos, Krivda, Marian, Krizek, Filip, Krizkova Gajdosova, Katarina, Kroesen, Martin, Krüger, Mario, Krupová, Diana Maria, Kryshen, Evgeny, Kucera, Vit, Kuhn, Christian Claude, Kuijer, Paulus Gerardus, Kumaoka, Takuya, Kumar, Deekshit, Kumar, Lokesh, Kumar, Navneet, Kumar, Shyam, Kundu, Sourav, Kurashvili, Podist, Kurepin, Alexander, Kurepin, Alexey B., Kuryakin, Alexey, Kushpil, Svetlana, Kvapil, Jakub, Kweon, Min Jung, Kwon, Jiyeon, Kwon, Youngil, La Pointe, Sarah Louise, La Rocca, Paola, Lakrathok, Anantachai, Lamanna, Massimo, Langoy, Rune, Larionov, Pavel, Laudi, Elisa, Lautner, Lukas, Lavicka, Roman, Lazareva, Tatiana V., Lea, Ramona, Lee, Hyungjun, Legrand, Iosif-charles, Legras, Gauthier, Lehrbach, Johannes, Lelek, Tomasz Marcin, Lemmon, Roy Crawford, Leon Monzon, Ildefonso, Lesch, Marcel Markus, Lesser, Ezra Douglas, Lévai, Peter, Li, Xiaomei, Li, Xing Long, Lien, Jørgen André, Lietava, Roman, Likmeta, Iris, Lim, Bong-Hwi, Lim, Sanghoon, Lindenstruth, Volker, Lindner, Amelia, Lippmann, Christian, Liu, Alwina Ruixin, Liu, Donghai, Liu, Jian, Mckibben Lofnes, Ingrid, Loizides, Constantinos, Lokos, Sandor, Lomker, Johanna, Lončar, Petra, López, Jorge Andres, Lopez, Xavier Bernard, López Torres, Ernesto, Lu, Pengzhong, Luhder, Jens Robert, Lunardon, Marcello, Luparello, Grazia, Ma, Yu-Gang, Maevskaya, Alla, Mager, Magnus, Maire, Antonin, Makariev, Martin Vasilev, Malaev, Mikhail, Malfattore, Giovanni, Malik, Nasir Mehdi, Malik, Qasim Waheed, Malik, Salman Khurshid, Malinina, Liudmila, Mal Kevich, Dmitry, Mallick, Dukhishyam, Mallick, Neelkamal, Mandaglio, Giuseppe, Mandal, Sushobhan Kumar, Manko, Vladislav, Manso, Franck, Manzari, Vito, Mao, Yaxian, Margagliotti, Giacomo Vito, Margotti, Anselmo, Marin, Ana Maria, Markert, Christina, Martinengo, Paolo, Martinez, Jacobb Lee, Martínez Hernández, Mario Iván, García Martínez, Ginés, Martins Palhares, Maria Paula, Masciocchi, Silvia, Masera, Massimo, Masoni, Alberto, Massacrier, Laure Marie, Mastroserio, Annalisa, Matonoha, Oliver, Matuoka, Paula Fernanda Toledo, Matyja, Adam Tomasz, Mayer, Christoph, Lafuente Mazuecos, Antonio, Mazzaschi, Francesco, Mazzilli, Marianna, Mdhluli, Joyful Elma, Mechler, Adrian Florin, Melikyan, Yury, Menchaca-rocha, Arturo Alejandro, Meninno, Elisa, Sasikumar Menon, Anjaly, Meres, Michal, Mhlanga, Sibaliso, Miake, Yasuo, Micheletti, Luca, Migliorin, Lucrezia Camilla, Mihaylov, Dimitar Lubomirov, Mikhaylov, Konstantin, Mishra, Aditya Nath, Czeslaw Miskowiec, Dariusz, Modak, Abhi, Mohanty, Auro Prasad, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Khan, Mohammed Mohisin, Molander, Mikael Andreas, Moravcova, Zuzana, Mordasini, Cindy, Moreira De Godoy Willems, Denise Aparecida, Morozov, Igor, Morsch, Andreas, Mrnjavac, Teo, Muccifora, Valeria, Muhuri, Sanjib, Mulligan, James Declan, Mulliri, Alice, Gameiro Munhoz, Marcelo, Munzer, Robert Helmut, Murakami, Hikari, Murray, Sean, Musa, Luciano, Musinsky, Jan, Myrcha, Julian Wojciech, Naik, Bharati, Nambrath, Anjali Ila, Nandi, Basanta Kumar, Nania, Rosario, Nappi, Eugenio, Nassirpour, Adrian Fereydon, Nath, Abhishek, Nattrass, Christine, Naydenov, Momchil Nikolaev, Neagu, Alexandra, Negru, Adrian-eduard, Nellen, Lukas, Nesbo, Simon Voigt, Nešković, Gvozden, Nesterov, Dmitrii, Nielsen, Borge Svane, Nielsen, Emil Gorm, Nikolaev, Sergey, Nikulin, Sergey, Nikulin, Vladimir, Noferini, Francesco, Noh, Seoyoung, Nomokonov, Petr V., Norman, Jaime, Novitzky, Norbert, Nowakowski, Piotr, Nyanin, Alexander, Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar, Ogino, Masanori, Ohlson, Alice, Okorokov, Vitaly A., Oleniacz, Janusz, Silva, Antonio Carlos Oliveira da, Oliver, Michael Henry, Önnerstad, Anna, Oppedisano, Chiara, Ortiz Velasquez, Antonio, Otwinowski, Jacek Tomasz, Oya, Motomi, Oyama, Ken, Pachmayer, Yvonne C., Padhan, Sonali, Pagano, Davide, Paic, Guy, Paisano Guzman, Sergio, Palasciano, Antonio, Panebianco, Stefano Matthias, Park, Hanseo, Park, Hyebin, Park, Jonghan, Parkkila, Jasper Elias, Patra, Rajendra Nath, Paul, Biswarup, Pei, Hua, Peitzmann, Thomas, Peng, Xinye, Pennisi, Michele, Pereira, Luis Gustavo, Peresunko, Dmitry Yurevich, Mesa Perez, Guillermo, Perrin, Sébastien, Pestov, Yury N., Petráček, Vojtech, Petrov, Vitalii, Petrovici, Mihai A., Pezzi, Rafael Peretti, Piano, Stefano, Pikna, Miroslav, Pillot, Philippe, Pinazza, Ombretta, Pinsky, Lawrence, Pinto, Chiara, Pisano, Silvia, Płoskoń, Mateusz, Planinic, Mirko, Pliquett, Fabian, Poghosyan, Martin G., Polishchuk, Boris, Politano, Stefano, Poljak, Nikola, Pop, Amalia, Porteboeuf, Sarah Julie, Pozdniakov, Valerii, Yoval Pozos, Irandheny, Pradhan, Kshitish Kumar, Prasad, Sidharth Kumar, Prasad, Suraj, Preghenella, Roberto, Prino, Francesco, Pruneau, Claude A., Pshenichnov, Igor A., Puccio, Maximiliano, Pucillo, Sara, Pugelova, Zuzana, Qiu, Shi, Quaglia, Luca, Quishpe Quishpe, Raquel Estefania, Ragoni, Simone, Rakotozafindrabe, Andry Malala, Ramello, Luciano, Rami, Fouad, Rancien, Thibaut Albert, Rasa, Marika, Räsänen, Sami Sakari, Rath, Rutuparna, Rauch, Max Philip, Ravasenga, Ivan, Read, Kenneth Francis, Reckziegel, Christian, Redelbach, Andreas Ralph, Redlich, Krzysztof, Reetz, Carolina Anna, Regules Medel, Hector David, Rehman, Attiq ur, Reidt, Felix, Reme-Ness, Haakon André, Jakubcinova, Zuzana, Reygers, Klaus, Riabov, Andrei, Riabov, Viktor, Ricci, Riccardo, Richter, Matthias Rudolph, Riedel, Anton Albert, Riegler, Werner, Ristea, Cătălin-Lucian, Rodrı́guez Cahuantzi, Mario, Rodríguez Ramírez, Saúl Aníbal, Røed, Ketil, Rogalev, Roman, Rogochaya, Elena, Rogoschinski, Tim Sebastian, Rohr, David, Röhrich, Dieter, Fierro Rojas, Pablo, Rojas Torres, Solangel, Rokita, Przemyslaw Stefan, Romanenko, Gleb, Ronchetti, Federico, Rosano, Antonina, Dominguez Rosas, Edgar, Rosłon, Krystian, Rossi, Andrea, Roy, Ankhi, Roy, Subhadeep, Rubini, Nicola, Ruggiano, Daniela, Rui, Rinaldo, Russek, Pawel Grzegorz, Russo, Roberto, Rustamov, Anar, Ryabinkin, Evgeny, Ryabov, Yury, Rybicki, Andrzej Krzysztof, Rytkönen, Heidi Maria, Rzęsa, Wioleta, Saarimäki, Oskari Antti Matti, Sadek, Rita, Sadhu, Samrangy, Sadovskiy, Sergey, Sætre, Jon-are, Šafařík, Karel, Saha, Pallabi, Saha, Sumit Kumar, Saha, Swati, Sahoo, Baidyanath, Sahoo, Bhagyarathi, Sahoo, Raghunath, Sahoo, Sarita, Sahu, Dushmanta, Sahu, Pradip Kumar, Saini, Jogender, Tropp, Klaudia, Sakai, Shingo, Panikkassery Salvan, Malavika, Sambyal, Sanjeev Singh, Sanna, Isabella, Saramela, Thiago Badaró, Sarkar, Debojit, Sarkar, Nachiketa, Sarma, Pranjal, Sarritzu, Valerio, Mantovani Sarti, Valentina, Sas, Mike Henry Petrus, Schambach, Johann Joachim, Scheid, Horst Sebastian, Schiaua, Claudiu Cornel, Schicker, Rainer, Schmah, Alexander, Schmidt, Christian Joachim, Schmidt, Hans Rudolf, Schmidt, Marten Ole, Schmidt, Martin, Schmidt, Nicolas, Schmier, Austin Robert, Schotter, Romain, Wilhelmi, Alexander, Schukraft, Jürgen, Schwarz, Kilian Eberhard, Schweda, Kai Oliver, Scioli, Gilda, Scomparin, Enrico, Seger, Janet Elizabeth, Sekiguchi, Yuko, Sekihata, Daiki, Selyuzhenkov, Ilya, Senyukov, Serhiy, Seo, Jin Joo, Serebryakov, Dmitry, Šerkšnytė, Laura, Sevcenco, Adrian, Shaba, Tebogo Joyce, Shabetai, Alexandre, Shahoyan, Ruben, Shangaraev, Artem, Sharma, Anjali, Sharma, Binti, Sharma, Deependra, Sharma, Himanshu, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Samarth, Sharma, Sheetal, Sharma, Upasana, Shatat, Afnan, Sheibani, Oveis, Shigaki, Kenta, Hachiya Shimomura, Maya, Shin, Jaehyuck, Shirinkin, Sergey, Shou, Qiye, Sibiryak, Yury, Siddhanta, Sabyasachi, Siemiarczuk, Teodor, Silva, Tiago Fiorini da, Silvermyr, David Olle Rickard, Simantathammakul, Tawanchat, Simeonov, Radoslav, Singh, Balwan, Singh, Bhawani, Singh, Ranbir, Singh, 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Vercellin, Ermanno, Vergara Limon, Sergio, Vermunt, Lucas Anne, Vértesi, Róbert, Verweij, Marta, Vicković, Linda, Vilakazi, Zabulon, Villalobos Baillie, Orlando, Villani, Anna, Vino, Gioacchino, Vinogradov, Alexander, Virgili, Tiziano, Virta, Maxim Mikael Olavi, Vislavicius, Vytautas, Vodopyanov, Alexander, Völkel, Benedikt, Volkl, Martin Andreas, Voloshin, Kirill, Voloshin, Sergei, Volpe, Giacomo, Haller, Barthélémy von, Vorobyev, Ivan, Vozniuk, Nikita, Vrlakova, Janka, Wang, Chunzheng, Wang, Dongfang, Wang, Yuanzhe, Wegrzynek, Adam Tadeusz, Weiglhofer, Felix Thomas, Wenzel, Sandro Christian, Wessels, Johannes P., Wiechula, Jens, Wikne, Jon, Wilk, Grzegorz Andrzej, Wilkinson, Jeremy John, Willems, Guido Alexander, Windelband, Bernd Stefan, Winn, Michael, Wright, Josephina Rae, Wu, Wenya, Wu, Yitao, Xu, Ran, Yadav, Ankur, Yadav, Arun Kumar, Yalcin Kuzu, Serpil, Yamaguchi, Yorito, Yang, Shiming, Yano, Satoshi, Yin, Zhongbao, Yoo, In-Kwon, Yoon, Jin Hee, Yuan, Shiming, Yüncü, Alperen, Zaccolo, Valentina, Zampolli, Chiara, Zanone, Federica, Zardoshti, Nima, Zarochentsev, Andrey, Závada, Petr, Zavyalov, Nikolay, Zhalov, Mikhail, Zhang, Biao, Zhang, Liuyao, Zhang, Song, Zhang, Xiaoming, Zhang, Yifei, Zhang, Zhen, Zhao, Mingrui, Zherebchevskii, Vladimir, Yu, Zhi, Zhou, Daicui, Zhou, You, Zhu, Jianhui, Zhu, Ya, Zugravel, Stefan Cristi, Zurlo, Nicola, Acharya, Shreyasi, Adamová, Dagmar, Adler, Alexander, Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca, Agnello, Michelangelo, Agrawal, Neelima, Ahammed, Zubayer, Ahmad, Shakeel, Ahn, Sang Un, Ahuja, Ishaan, Akindinov, Alexander, Al-Turany, Mohammad, Aleksandrov, Dmitry, Alessandro, Bruno, Alfanda, Haidar Mas’ud, Alfaro Molina, Jose Ruben, Ali, Bushra, Alici, Andrea, Alizadehvandchali, Negin, Alkin, Anton, Alme, Johan, Alocco, Giacomo, Alt, Torsten, Altsybeev, Igor, Alvarado Garcia, Jesús Ricardo, Anaam, Mustafa Naji, Andrei, Cristian, Andronic, Anton, Anguelov, Venelin, Antinori, Federico, Antonioli, Pietro, Apadula, Nicole, Aphecetche, Laurent Bernard, Appelshäuser, Harald, Arata, Carolina, Arcelli, Silvia, Aresti, Mauro, Arnaldi, Roberta, Arneiro, Jhoao Gabriel Martins Campos Almeida, Arsene, Ionut Cristian, Arslandok, Mesut, Augustinus, Andre, Averbeck, Ralf Peter, Azmi, Mohd Danish, Badalà, Angela, Bae, Joonsuk, Baek, Yong Wook, Bai, Xiaozhi, Bailhache, Raphaëlle, Bailung, Yoshini, Balbino, Alessandro, Baldisseri, Alberto, Balis, Bartosz, Banerjee, Debjani, Banoo, Zarina, Barbera, Roberto, Barile, Francesco, Barioglio, Luca, Barlou, Maria, Barnaföldi, Gergely Gábor, Barnby, Lee Stuart, Ramillien Barret, Valerie, Barreto De Oliveira Campos, Leonardo, Bartels, Clara, Barth, Klaus, Bartsch, Esther, Bastid, Nicole, Basu, Sumit, Batigne, Guillaume, Battistini, Daniel, Batyunya, Boris, Bauri, Dibakar, Bazo Alba, José Luis, Bearden, Ian Gardner, Beattie, Caitlin, Becht, Pascal, Behera, Debadatta, Belikov, Iouri, Bell Hechavarria, Ailec de la Caridad, Bellini, Francesca, Bellwied, Rene, Belokurova, Svetlana, Belyaev, Vladimir, Bencédi, Gyula, Beolè, Stefania, Berdnikov, Yaroslav, Berdnikova, Anastasia, Bergmann, Luisa, Besoiu, Mihaela Gabriela, Betev, Latchezar, Bhaduri, Partha Pratim, Bhasin, Anju, Bhat, Mohammad Asif, Bhattacharjee, Buddhadeb, Bianchi, Livio, Bianchi, Nicola, Bielčík, Jaroslav, Bielčíková, Jana, Biernat, Jacek, Bigot, Alexandre Patrick, Bilandzic, Ante, Biro, Gabor, Biswas, Saikat, Bize, Nicolas Luc, Blair, Justin Thomas, Blau, Dmitry S., Blidaru, Mihail-Bogdan, Bluhme, Nora, Blume, Christoph, Boca, Gianluigi, Bock, Friederike, Bodova, Tea, Bogdanov, Alexey A., Boi, Stefano, Bok, Jeongsu, Boldizsar, Laszlo, Bombara, Marek, Bond, Peter Matthew, Bonomi, Germano, Borel, Herve, Borissov, Alexander, Borquez Carcamo, Andres Gerardo, Bossi, Hannah, Botta, Elena, El Mard Bouziani, Youssef, Bratrud, Lars, Braun-Munzinger, Peter, Bregant, Marco, Broz, Michal, Bruno, Giuseppe Eugenio, Buckland, Matthew Daniel, Budnikov, Dmitry, Büsching, Henner, Bufalino, Stefania, Bühler, Paul, Buthelezi, Edith Zinhle, Bylinkin, Alexander, Bysiak, Sebastian Adam, Cai, Mengke, Caines, Helen Louise, Caliva, Alberto, Calvo Villar, Ernesto, Mejia Camacho, Juan Manuel, Camerini, Paolo, Canedo, Fabio de Moraes Canedo, Weyhmiller, Sierra Lisa, Carabas, Mihai, Amatriain Carballo, Aitor, Carnesecchi, Francesca, Caron, Robin Albert Andre, Abranches De Carvalho, Leopoldo, Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto, Catalano, Fabio, Ceballos Sanchez, Cesar, Chakaberia, Irakli, Chakraborty, Pritam, Chandra, Sinjini, Chapeland, Sylvain, Chartier, Marielle, Chattopadhyay, Subhasis, Chattopadhyay, Sukalyan, Cheng, Tiantian, Cheshkov, Cvetan Valeriev, Cheynis, Brigitte, Chibante Barroso, Vasco Miguel, Chinellato, David Dobrigkeit, Chizzali, Emma Sophia, Cho, Jaeyoon, Cho, Soyeon, Chochula, Peter, Christakoglou, Panagiotis, Christensen, Christian Holm, Christiansen, Peter L., Chujo, Tatsuya, Ciacco, Mario, Cicalò, Corrado, Cindolo, Federico, Ciupek, Michael Rudolf, Clai, Giulia, Colamaria, Fabio Filippo, Colburn, Jonathan Samuel, Colella, Domenico, Colocci, Manuel, Concas, Matteo, Conesa Balbastre, Gustavo, Conesa Del Valle, Zaida, Contin, Giacomo, Contreras Nuno, Jesus Guillermo, Coquet, Maurice Louis, Cormier, Thomas Michael, Cortese, Pietro, Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio, Costa, Filippo, Costanza, Susanna, Cot, Corentin, Crkovská, Jana, Crochet, Philippe, Cruz Torres, Reynier, Cui, Pengyao, Dainese, Andrea, Danisch, Meike Charlotte, Danu, Andrea, Das, Prottay, Das, Prottoy, Das, Supriya, Dash, Archita Rani, Dash, Sadhana, De Caro, Annalisa, De Cataldo, Giacinto, Cuveland, Jan de, De Falco, Alessandro, De Gruttola, Daniele, De Marco, Nora, De Martin, Chiara, De Pasquale, Salvatore, Deb, Rohaan, Deb, Suman, Debski, Roman Jan, Deja, Kamil Rafal, Del Grande, Raffaele, Dello Stritto, Luigi, Deng, Wenjing, Dhankher, Preeti, Di Bari, Domenico, Di Mauro, Antonio, Diab, Batoul, Arteche Diaz, Raul, Dietel, Thomas, Ding, Yanchun, Divià, Roberto, Dixit, Dhruv Utpalkumar, Djuvsland, Øystein, Dmitrieva, Uliana, Dobrin, Alexandru Florin, Donigus, Benjamin, Dubinski, Jan Michal, Dubla, Andrea, Dudi, Sandeep, Dupieux, Pascal, Durkac, Martin, Dzalaiova, Natalia, Eder, Tabea Maria, Ehlers, Raymond James, III, Eisenhut, Florian, Elia, Domenico, Erazmus, Barbara Ewa, Ercolessi, Francesca, Erhardt, Filip, Ersdal, Magnus Rentsch, Espagnon, Bruno, Eulisse, Giulio, Evans, David, Evdokimov, Sergey, Fabbietti, Laura, Faggin, Mattia, Faivre, Julien, Fan, Feng, Fan, Wenqing, Fantoni, Alessandra, Fasel, Markus, Fecchio, Pietro, Feliciello, Alessandro, Feofilov, Grigori A., Fernández Téllez, Arturo, Ferrandi De Oliveira, Lucas, Bertran Ferrer, Marta, Ferrero, Andrea, Ferrero, Chiara, Ferretti, Alessandro, Feuillard, Victor Jose Gaston, Filova, Vendulka, Finogeev, Dmitry, Fionda, Fiorella Maria Celeste, Flor, Fernando Antonio, Flores, Amanda Nicole, Foertsch, Siegfried Valentin, Fokin, Ilya, Fokin, Sergey, Fragiacomo, Enrico, Frajna, Eszter, Fuchs, Ulrich, Funicello, Nicola, Furget, Christophe, Furs, Artur, Fusayasu, Takahiro, Gaardhoeje, Jens Joergen, Gagliardi, Martino, Gago Medina, Alberto Martín, Duarte Galvan, Carlos, Gangadharan, Dhevan Raja, Ganoti, Paraskevi, Garabatos Cuadrado, Jose Maria, García Chávez, Tonatiuh, Garcia-Solis, Edmundo Javier, Gargiulo, Corrado, Demmich, Katharina, Gasik, Piotr, Gautam, Amrit, Ducati, Maria Beatriz de Leone Gay, Germain, Marie, Ghimouz, Abderrahmane, Ghosh, Chandrasekhar, Giacalone, Marco, Giubellino, Paolo, Giubilato, Piero, Glaenzer, Aude Marie Camille, Glässel, Peter, Glimos, Ewa, Goh, Daniel Jia Qin, Gonzalez Sebastian, Victor Luis, Gorgon, Marek Boguslaw, Gotovac, Sven, Grabski, Varlen, Graczykowski, Łukasz Kamil, Grecka, Ekaterina, Grelli, Alessandro, Grigoraș, Costin, Grigoryev, Vladislav, Grigoryan, Smbat, Grosa, Fabrizio, Große-Oetringhaus, Jan Fiete, Grosso, Raffaele, Grund, David, Garcia Guardiano, Gabriel, Guernane, Rachid, Guilbaud, Maxime Rene Joseph, Gulbrandsen, Kristjan Herlache, Gündem, Tuba, Gunji, Taku, Guo, Wenda, Gupta, Anik, Gupta, Ramni, Gupta, Rashi, Gwizdziel, Katarzyna, Gyulai, Laszlo, Haake, Rüdiger, Habib, Michael Karim, Hadjidakis, Cynthia Marie, Haider, Fakhar Ul, Hamagaki, Hideki, Hamdi, Abdennacer, Hamid, Mohammed, Han, Younghoon, Hannigan, Ryan, Hansen, Joachim, Haque, Md Rihan, Harris, John William, Harton, Austin Vincent, Hassan, Hadi, Hatzifotiadou, Despina, Hauer, Philip, Havener, Laura Brittany, Heckel, Stefan Thomas, Hellbär, Ernst, Helstrup, Håvard, Hemmer, Marvin, Herman, Tomáš, Herrera Corral, Gerardo Antonio, Herrmann, Florian, Herrmann, Sarah Nina Edwige, Hetland, Kristin Fanebust, Heybeck, Benedict, Hillemanns, Hartmut, Hippolyte, Boris, Hoffmann, Felix Willi, Hofman, Bas, Hohlweger, Bernhard, Hong, Geunhee, Horst, Maximilian, Horzyk, Adrian, Hou, Yongzhen, Hristov, Peter, Hughes, Charles, Huhn, Patrick, Huhta, Laura Maria, Humanic, Thomas J., Hutson, Alek, Hutter, Dirk, Ilkaev, Radiy, Ilyas, Hira, Inaba, Motoi, Innocenti, Gian Michele, Ippolitov, Mikhail, Isakov, Artem, Isidori, Tommaso, Islam, Md Samsul, Ivanov, Marian, Ivanov, Vladimir, Jablonski, Miroslaw, Jacak, Barbara, Jacazio, Nicolò, Jacobs, Peter Martin, Jadlovska, Slavka, Jadlovsky, Jan, Jaelani, Syaefudin, Jahnke, Cristiane, Jakubowska, Monika Joanna, Janik, Malgorzata Anna, Janson, Thomas, Jercic, Marko, Jia, Shihai, Paz Jimenez, Alom Antonio, Jonas, Florian, Jowett, John M., Jung, Jerome, Jung, Michael, Junique, Antoine Jean-Simon, Jusko, Anton, Karwowska, Maja Jadwiga, Kaewjai, Jetnipit, Kalinak, Peter, Kalteyer, Annalena Sophie, Kalweit, Alexander Philipp, Kaplin, Vladimir, Karasu Uysal, Ayben, Karatović, David, Karavichev, Oleg V., Karavicheva, Tatiana L., Karczmarczyk, Przemyslaw, Karpechev, Evgeny, Kebschull, Udo, Keidel, Ralf, Keijdener, Darius, Keil, Markus, Ketzer, Bernhard, Khade, Swapnesh Santosh, Khan, Ahsan Mehmood, Khan, Shaista, Khanzadeev, Alexei, Kharlov, Yury, Khatun, Anisa, Khuntia, Arvind, Kidson, Miles Brower, Kileng, Bjarte, Kim, Beomkyu, Kim, Chong, Kim, Dong Jo, Kim, Eun Joo, Kim, Jaehyun, Kim, Jinsook, Junlee, Kim, Kim, Minjung, Kim, Se Yong, Kim, Taejun, Kimura, Kento, Kirsch, Stefan, Kisel, Ivan, Kiselev, Sergej N., Kisiel, Adam Ryszard, Kitowski, Jacek Pawel, Klay, Jennifer Lynn, Klein, Jochen, Klein, Spencer Robert, Klein-Bösing, Christian, Kleiner, Matthias, Klemenz, Thomas, Kluge, Alexander, Knospe, Anders Garritt, Kobdaj, Chinorat, Kollegger, Thorsten, Kondratyev, Andrey, Kondratyeva, Natalia, Kondratyuk, Evgeny, König, Joshua Leon, Königstorfer, Stephan Alexander, Konopka, Piotr Jan, Kornakov Van, Georgui, Korwieser, Maximilian, Koryciak, Sebastian Dominik, Kotliarov, Artem, Kovalenko, Vladimir, Kowalski, Marek, Kozhuharov, Venelin Valeriev, Králik, Ivan, Kravčáková, Adela, Krcal, Lubos, Krivda, Marian, Krizek, Filip, Krizkova Gajdosova, Katarina, Kroesen, Martin, Krüger, Mario, Krupová, Diana Maria, Kryshen, Evgeny, Kucera, Vit, Kuhn, Christian Claude, Kuijer, Paulus Gerardus, Kumaoka, Takuya, Kumar, Deekshit, Kumar, Lokesh, Kumar, Navneet, Kumar, Shyam, Kundu, Sourav, Kurashvili, Podist, Kurepin, Alexander, Kurepin, Alexey B., Kuryakin, Alexey, Kushpil, Svetlana, Kvapil, Jakub, Kweon, Min Jung, Kwon, Jiyeon, Kwon, Youngil, La Pointe, Sarah Louise, La Rocca, Paola, Lakrathok, Anantachai, Lamanna, Massimo, Langoy, Rune, Larionov, Pavel, Laudi, Elisa, Lautner, Lukas, Lavicka, Roman, Lazareva, Tatiana V., Lea, Ramona, Lee, Hyungjun, Legrand, Iosif-charles, Legras, Gauthier, Lehrbach, Johannes, Lelek, Tomasz Marcin, Lemmon, Roy Crawford, Leon Monzon, Ildefonso, Lesch, Marcel Markus, Lesser, Ezra Douglas, Lévai, Peter, Li, Xiaomei, Li, Xing Long, Lien, Jørgen André, Lietava, Roman, Likmeta, Iris, Lim, Bong-Hwi, Lim, Sanghoon, Lindenstruth, Volker, Lindner, Amelia, Lippmann, Christian, Liu, Alwina Ruixin, Liu, Donghai, Liu, Jian, Mckibben Lofnes, Ingrid, Loizides, Constantinos, Lokos, Sandor, Lomker, Johanna, Lončar, Petra, López, Jorge Andres, Lopez, Xavier Bernard, López Torres, Ernesto, Lu, Pengzhong, Luhder, Jens Robert, Lunardon, Marcello, Luparello, Grazia, Ma, Yu-Gang, Maevskaya, Alla, Mager, Magnus, Maire, Antonin, Makariev, Martin Vasilev, Malaev, Mikhail, Malfattore, Giovanni, Malik, Nasir Mehdi, Malik, Qasim Waheed, Malik, Salman Khurshid, Malinina, Liudmila, Mal Kevich, Dmitry, Mallick, Dukhishyam, Mallick, Neelkamal, Mandaglio, Giuseppe, Mandal, Sushobhan Kumar, Manko, Vladislav, Manso, Franck, Manzari, Vito, Mao, Yaxian, Margagliotti, Giacomo Vito, Margotti, Anselmo, Marin, Ana Maria, Markert, Christina, Martinengo, Paolo, Martinez, Jacobb Lee, Martínez Hernández, Mario Iván, García Martínez, Ginés, Martins Palhares, Maria Paula, Masciocchi, Silvia, Masera, Massimo, Masoni, Alberto, Massacrier, Laure Marie, Mastroserio, Annalisa, Matonoha, Oliver, Matuoka, Paula Fernanda Toledo, Matyja, Adam Tomasz, Mayer, Christoph, Lafuente Mazuecos, Antonio, Mazzaschi, Francesco, Mazzilli, Marianna, Mdhluli, Joyful Elma, Mechler, Adrian Florin, Melikyan, Yury, Menchaca-rocha, Arturo Alejandro, Meninno, Elisa, Sasikumar Menon, Anjaly, Meres, Michal, Mhlanga, Sibaliso, Miake, Yasuo, Micheletti, Luca, Migliorin, Lucrezia Camilla, Mihaylov, Dimitar Lubomirov, Mikhaylov, Konstantin, Mishra, Aditya Nath, Czeslaw Miskowiec, Dariusz, Modak, Abhi, Mohanty, Auro Prasad, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Khan, Mohammed Mohisin, Molander, Mikael Andreas, Moravcova, Zuzana, Mordasini, Cindy, Moreira De Godoy Willems, Denise Aparecida, Morozov, Igor, Morsch, Andreas, Mrnjavac, Teo, Muccifora, Valeria, Muhuri, Sanjib, Mulligan, James Declan, Mulliri, Alice, Gameiro Munhoz, Marcelo, Munzer, Robert Helmut, Murakami, Hikari, Murray, Sean, Musa, Luciano, Musinsky, Jan, Myrcha, Julian Wojciech, Naik, Bharati, Nambrath, Anjali Ila, Nandi, Basanta Kumar, Nania, Rosario, Nappi, Eugenio, Nassirpour, Adrian Fereydon, Nath, Abhishek, Nattrass, Christine, Naydenov, Momchil Nikolaev, Neagu, Alexandra, Negru, Adrian-eduard, Nellen, Lukas, Nesbo, Simon Voigt, Nešković, Gvozden, Nesterov, Dmitrii, Nielsen, Borge Svane, Nielsen, Emil Gorm, Nikolaev, Sergey, Nikulin, Sergey, Nikulin, Vladimir, Noferini, Francesco, Noh, Seoyoung, Nomokonov, Petr V., Norman, Jaime, Novitzky, Norbert, Nowakowski, Piotr, Nyanin, Alexander, Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar, Ogino, Masanori, Ohlson, Alice, Okorokov, Vitaly A., Oleniacz, Janusz, Silva, Antonio Carlos Oliveira da, Oliver, Michael Henry, Önnerstad, Anna, Oppedisano, Chiara, Ortiz Velasquez, Antonio, Otwinowski, Jacek Tomasz, Oya, Motomi, Oyama, Ken, Pachmayer, Yvonne C., Padhan, Sonali, Pagano, Davide, Paic, Guy, Paisano Guzman, Sergio, Palasciano, Antonio, Panebianco, Stefano Matthias, Park, Hanseo, Park, Hyebin, Park, Jonghan, Parkkila, Jasper Elias, Patra, Rajendra Nath, Paul, Biswarup, Pei, Hua, Peitzmann, Thomas, Peng, Xinye, Pennisi, Michele, Pereira, Luis Gustavo, Peresunko, Dmitry Yurevich, Mesa Perez, Guillermo, Perrin, Sébastien, Pestov, Yury N., Petráček, Vojtech, Petrov, Vitalii, Petrovici, Mihai A., Pezzi, Rafael Peretti, Piano, Stefano, Pikna, Miroslav, Pillot, Philippe, Pinazza, Ombretta, Pinsky, Lawrence, Pinto, Chiara, Pisano, Silvia, Płoskoń, Mateusz, Planinic, Mirko, Pliquett, Fabian, Poghosyan, Martin G., Polishchuk, Boris, Politano, Stefano, Poljak, Nikola, Pop, Amalia, Porteboeuf, Sarah Julie, Pozdniakov, Valerii, Yoval Pozos, Irandheny, Pradhan, Kshitish Kumar, Prasad, Sidharth Kumar, Prasad, Suraj, Preghenella, Roberto, Prino, Francesco, Pruneau, Claude A., Pshenichnov, Igor A., Puccio, Maximiliano, Pucillo, Sara, Pugelova, Zuzana, Qiu, Shi, Quaglia, Luca, Quishpe Quishpe, Raquel Estefania, Ragoni, Simone, Rakotozafindrabe, Andry Malala, Ramello, Luciano, Rami, Fouad, Rancien, Thibaut Albert, Rasa, Marika, Räsänen, Sami Sakari, Rath, Rutuparna, Rauch, Max Philip, Ravasenga, Ivan, Read, Kenneth Francis, Reckziegel, Christian, Redelbach, Andreas Ralph, Redlich, Krzysztof, Reetz, Carolina Anna, Regules Medel, Hector David, Rehman, Attiq ur, Reidt, Felix, Reme-Ness, Haakon André, Jakubcinova, Zuzana, Reygers, Klaus, Riabov, Andrei, Riabov, Viktor, Ricci, Riccardo, Richter, Matthias Rudolph, Riedel, Anton Albert, Riegler, Werner, Ristea, Cătălin-Lucian, Rodrı́guez Cahuantzi, Mario, Rodríguez Ramírez, Saúl Aníbal, Røed, Ketil, Rogalev, Roman, Rogochaya, Elena, Rogoschinski, Tim Sebastian, Rohr, David, Röhrich, Dieter, Fierro Rojas, Pablo, Rojas Torres, Solangel, Rokita, Przemyslaw Stefan, Romanenko, Gleb, Ronchetti, Federico, Rosano, Antonina, Dominguez Rosas, Edgar, Rosłon, Krystian, Rossi, Andrea, Roy, Ankhi, Roy, Subhadeep, Rubini, Nicola, Ruggiano, Daniela, Rui, Rinaldo, Russek, Pawel Grzegorz, Russo, Roberto, Rustamov, Anar, Ryabinkin, Evgeny, Ryabov, Yury, Rybicki, Andrzej Krzysztof, Rytkönen, Heidi Maria, Rzęsa, Wioleta, Saarimäki, Oskari Antti Matti, Sadek, Rita, Sadhu, Samrangy, Sadovskiy, Sergey, Sætre, Jon-are, Šafařík, Karel, Saha, Pallabi, Saha, Sumit Kumar, Saha, Swati, Sahoo, Baidyanath, Sahoo, Bhagyarathi, Sahoo, Raghunath, Sahoo, Sarita, Sahu, Dushmanta, Sahu, Pradip Kumar, Saini, Jogender, Tropp, Klaudia, Sakai, Shingo, Panikkassery Salvan, Malavika, Sambyal, Sanjeev Singh, Sanna, Isabella, Saramela, Thiago Badaró, Sarkar, Debojit, Sarkar, Nachiketa, Sarma, Pranjal, Sarritzu, Valerio, Mantovani Sarti, Valentina, Sas, Mike Henry Petrus, Schambach, Johann Joachim, Scheid, Horst Sebastian, Schiaua, Claudiu Cornel, Schicker, Rainer, Schmah, Alexander, Schmidt, Christian Joachim, Schmidt, Hans Rudolf, Schmidt, Marten Ole, Schmidt, Martin, Schmidt, Nicolas, Schmier, Austin Robert, Schotter, Romain, Wilhelmi, Alexander, Schukraft, Jürgen, Schwarz, Kilian Eberhard, Schweda, Kai Oliver, Scioli, Gilda, Scomparin, Enrico, Seger, Janet Elizabeth, Sekiguchi, Yuko, Sekihata, Daiki, Selyuzhenkov, Ilya, Senyukov, Serhiy, Seo, Jin Joo, Serebryakov, Dmitry, Šerkšnytė, Laura, Sevcenco, Adrian, Shaba, Tebogo Joyce, Shabetai, Alexandre, Shahoyan, Ruben, Shangaraev, Artem, Sharma, Anjali, Sharma, Binti, Sharma, Deependra, Sharma, Himanshu, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Samarth, Sharma, Sheetal, Sharma, Upasana, Shatat, Afnan, Sheibani, Oveis, Shigaki, Kenta, Hachiya Shimomura, Maya, Shin, Jaehyuck, Shirinkin, Sergey, Shou, Qiye, Sibiryak, Yury, Siddhanta, Sabyasachi, Siemiarczuk, Teodor, Silva, Tiago Fiorini da, Silvermyr, David Olle Rickard, Simantathammakul, Tawanchat, Simeonov, Radoslav, Singh, Balwan, Singh, Bhawani, Singh, Ranbir, Singh, Randhir, Singh, Ravindra, Singh, Sweta, Singh, Vivek, Singhal, Vikas, Sarkar - Sinha, Tinku, Sitar, Branislav, Sitta, Mario, Skaali, Toralf Bernhard, Skorodumovs, Georgijs, Slupecki, Maciej, Smirnov, Nikolai, Snellings, Raimond, Haugland Solheim, Emilie, Song, Jihye, Songmoolnak, Arnon, Sonnabend, Christian, Soramel, Francesca, Soto-hernandez, Analyce Bella, Spijkers, Rik, Sputowska, Iwona Anna, Staa, Joey, Stachel, Johanna, Stan, Ionel, Steffanic, Patrick John, Stiefelmaier, Stephan, Stocco, Diego, Storehaug, Ida, Stratmann, Peter, Strazzi, Sofia, Pliatskas Stylianidis, Christos, Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo, Suire, Christophe Pierre, Sukhanov, Mikhail, Šuljić, Miljenko, Sultanov, Rishat, Sumberia, Vikash, Sumowidagdo, Suharyo, Swain, Sagarika, Szarka, Imrich, Szymkowski, Maciej, Taghavi, Seyed Farid, Taillepied, Guillaume, Takahashi, Jun, Tambave, Ganesh Jagannath, Tang, Siyu, Tang, Zebo, Tapia Takaki, Jesus Daniel, Tapus, Nicolae, Tarasovicova, Lucia Anna, Tarzila, Madalina-Gabriela, Tassielli, Giovanni Francesco, Tauro, Arturo, Tejeda Muñoz, Guillermo, Telesca, Adriana, Terlizzi, Livia, Terrevoli, Cristina, Thakur, Sanchari, Thomas, Deepa, Tikhonov, Anatoly, Timmins, Anthony Robert, Tkacik, Milan, Tkacik, Tomas, Toia, Alberica, Tokumoto, Ryoka, Topilskaya, Nataliya, Toppi, Marco, Torales Acosta, Fernando, Tork, Theraa M.A., Torres Ramos, Arianna Grisel, Trifiro, Antonio, Triolo, Andrea Sofia, Tripathy, Sushanta, Tripathy, Tulika, Trogolo, Stefano, Trubnikov, Victor, Trzaska, Wladyslaw Henryk, Trzcinski, Tomasz Piotr, Tumkin, Alexandr, Turrisi, Rosario, Tveter, Trine Spedstad, Ullaland, Kjetil, Ulukutlu, Berkin, Uras, Antonio, Urioni, Marta, Usai, Gianluca, Vala, Martin, Valle, Nicolò, Doremalen, Lennart Vincent Rogier van, Leeuwen, Marco van, Van Veen, Casper Arie, Weelden, Roelof Jan Gijs van, Vyvre, Pierre vande, Varga, Dezsö, Varga, Zoltán, Vasileiou, Maria, Vasiliev, Andrey, Vazquez Doce, Oton, Vazquez Rueda, Omar, Vechernin, Vladimir, Vercellin, Ermanno, Vergara Limon, Sergio, Vermunt, Lucas Anne, Vértesi, Róbert, Verweij, Marta, Vicković, Linda, Vilakazi, Zabulon, Villalobos Baillie, Orlando, Villani, Anna, Vino, Gioacchino, Vinogradov, Alexander, Virgili, Tiziano, Virta, Maxim Mikael Olavi, Vislavicius, Vytautas, Vodopyanov, Alexander, Völkel, Benedikt, Volkl, Martin Andreas, Voloshin, Kirill, Voloshin, Sergei, Volpe, Giacomo, Haller, Barthélémy von, Vorobyev, Ivan, Vozniuk, Nikita, Vrlakova, Janka, Wang, Chunzheng, Wang, Dongfang, Wang, Yuanzhe, Wegrzynek, Adam Tadeusz, Weiglhofer, Felix Thomas, Wenzel, Sandro Christian, Wessels, Johannes P., Wiechula, Jens, Wikne, Jon, Wilk, Grzegorz Andrzej, Wilkinson, Jeremy John, Willems, Guido Alexander, Windelband, Bernd Stefan, Winn, Michael, Wright, Josephina Rae, Wu, Wenya, Wu, Yitao, Xu, Ran, Yadav, Ankur, Yadav, Arun Kumar, Yalcin Kuzu, Serpil, Yamaguchi, Yorito, Yang, Shiming, Yano, Satoshi, Yin, Zhongbao, Yoo, In-Kwon, Yoon, Jin Hee, Yuan, Shiming, Yüncü, Alperen, Zaccolo, Valentina, Zampolli, Chiara, Zanone, Federica, Zardoshti, Nima, Zarochentsev, Andrey, Závada, Petr, Zavyalov, Nikolay, Zhalov, Mikhail, Zhang, Biao, Zhang, Liuyao, Zhang, Song, Zhang, Xiaoming, Zhang, Yifei, Zhang, Zhen, Zhao, Mingrui, Zherebchevskii, Vladimir, Yu, Zhi, Zhou, Daicui, Zhou, You, Zhu, Jianhui, Zhu, Ya, Zugravel, Stefan Cristi, and Zurlo, Nicola

Abstract

The ALICE Collaboration reports a differential measurement of inclusive jet suppression using pp and Pb−Pb collision data at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. Charged-particle jets are reconstructed using the anti-kT algorithm with resolution parameters R= 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 in pp collisions and R= 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 in central (0−10%), semi-central (30−50%), and peripheral (60−80%) Pb−Pb collisions. A novel approach based on machine learning is employed to mitigate the influence of jet background. This enables measurements of inclusive jet suppression in new regions of phase space, including down to the lowest jet pT≥40 GeV/c at R=0.6 in central Pb−Pb collisions. This is an important step for discriminating different models of jet quenching in the quark-gluon plasma. The transverse momentum spectra, nuclear modification factors, derived cross section, and nuclear modification factor ratios for different jet resolution parameters of charged-particle jets are presented and compared to model predictions. A mild dependence of the nuclear modification factor ratios on collision centrality and resolution parameter is observed. The results are compared to a variety of jet-quenching models with varying levels of agreement.

Published
2024

49. Probing the Chiral Magnetic Wave with charge-dependent flow measurements in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

Author

Acharya, Shreyasi, Adamová, Dagmar, Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca, Agnello, Michelangelo, Agrawal, Neelima, Ahammed, Zubayer, Ahmad, Shakeel, Ahn, Sang Un, Ahuja, Ishaan, Akindinov, Alexander, Al-Turany, Mohammad, Aleksandrov, Dmitry, Alessandro, Bruno, Alfanda, Haidar Mas’ud, Alfaro Molina, Jose Ruben, Ali, Bushra, Alici, Andrea, Alizadehvandchali, Negin, Alkin, Anton, Alme, Johan, Alocco, Giacomo, Alt, Torsten, Altamura, Anna Rita, Altsybeev, Igor, Alvarado Garcia, Jesús Ricardo, Anaam, Mustafa Naji, Andrei, Cristian, Andreou, Nicodemos, Andronic, Anton, Anguelov, Venelin, Antinori, Federico, Antonioli, Pietro, Apadula, Nicole, Aphecetche, Laurent Bernard, Appelshäuser, Harald, Arata, Carolina, Arcelli, Silvia, Aresti, Mauro, Arnaldi, Roberta, Arneiro, Jhoao Gabriel Martins Campos Almeida, Arsene, Ionut Cristian, Arslandok, Mesut, Augustinus, Andre, Averbeck, Ralf Peter, Azmi, Mohd Danish, Baba, Hitoshi, Badalà, Angela, Bae, Joonsuk, Baek, Yong Wook, Bai, Xiaozhi, Bailhache, Raphaëlle, Bailung, Yoshini, Balbino, Alessandro, Baldisseri, Alberto, Balis, Bartosz, Banerjee, Debjani, Banoo, Zarina, Barbera, Roberto, Barile, Francesco, Barioglio, Luca, Barlou, Maria, Barman, Banajit, Barnaföldi, Gergely Gábor, Barnby, Lee Stuart, Ramillien Barret, Valerie, Barreto De Oliveira Campos, Leonardo, Bartels, Clara, Barth, Klaus, Bartsch, Esther, Bastid, Nicole, Basu, Sumit, Batigne, Guillaume, Battistini, Daniel, Batyunya, Boris, Bauri, Dibakar, Bazo Alba, José Luis, Bearden, Ian Gardner, Beattie, Caitlin, Becht, Pascal, Behera, Debadatta, Belikov, Iouri, Bell Hechavarria, Ailec de la Caridad, Bellini, Francesca, Bellwied, Rene, Belokurova, Svetlana, Vasquez Beltran, Yael Antonio, Bencédi, Gyula, Beolè, Stefania, Berdnikov, Yaroslav, Berdnikova, Anastasia, Bergmann, Luisa, Besoiu, Mihaela Gabriela, Betev, Latchezar, Bhaduri, Partha Pratim, Bhasin, Anju, Bhat, Mohammad Asif, Bhattacharjee, Buddhadeb, Bianchi, Livio, Bianchi, Nicola, Bielčík, Jaroslav, Bielčíková, Jana, Biernat, Jacek, Bigot, Alexandre Patrick, Bilandzic, Ante, Biro, Gabor, Biswas, Saikat, Bize, Nicolas Luc, Blair, Justin Thomas, Blau, Dmitry S., Blidaru, Mihail-Bogdan, Bluhme, Nora, Blume, Christoph, Boca, Gianluigi, Bock, Friederike, Bodova, Tea, Bogdanov, Alexey A., Boi, Stefano, Bok, Jeongsu, Boldizsar, Laszlo, Bombara, Marek, Bond, Peter Matthew, Bonomi, Germano, Borel, Herve, Borissov, Alexander, Borquez Carcamo, Andres Gerardo, Bossi, Hannah, Botta, Elena, El Mard Bouziani, Youssef, Bratrud, Lars, Braun-Munzinger, Peter, Bregant, Marco, Broz, Michal, Bruno, Giuseppe Eugenio, Buckland, Matthew Daniel, Budnikov, Dmitry, Büsching, Henner, Bufalino, Stefania, Bühler, Paul, Burmasov, Nazar, Buthelezi, Edith Zinhle, Bylinkin, Alexander, Bysiak, Sebastian Adam, Cai, Mengke, Caines, Helen Louise, Caliva, Alberto, Calvo Villar, Ernesto, Mejia Camacho, Juan Manuel, Camerini, Paolo, Canedo, Fabio de Moraes Canedo, Cantway, S.L., Ducati, Maria Beatriz de Leone Gay, Kabus, Maja Jadwiga, Polichtchouk, Boris, Porteboeuf-Houssais, Sarah Julie, Rescakova, Zuzana, Røed, Ketil, Sajdakova, K., Schroter, Alexander, Weyhmiller, Sierra Lisa, Carabas, Mihai, Amatriain Carballo, Aitor, Carnesecchi, Francesca, Caron, Robin Albert Andre, Abranches De Carvalho, Leopoldo, Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto, Catalano, Fabio, Ceballos Sanchez, Cesar, Chakaberia, Irakli, Chakraborty, Pritam, Chandra, Sinjini, Chapeland, Sylvain, Chartier, Marielle, Chattopadhyay, Subhasis, Chattopadhyay, Sukalyan, Cheng, Tiantian, Cheshkov, Cvetan Valeriev, Cheynis, Brigitte, Chibante Barroso, Vasco Miguel, Chinellato, David Dobrigkeit, Chizzali, Emma Sophia, Cho, Jaeyoon, Cho, Soyeon, Chochula, Peter, Choudhury, Dhrubajyoti, Christakoglou, Panagiotis, Christensen, Christian Holm, Christiansen, Peter L., Chujo, Tatsuya, Ciacco, Mario, Cicalò, Corrado, Cindolo, Federico, Ciupek, Michael Rudolf, Clai, Giulia, Colamaria, Fabio Filippo, Colburn, Jonathan Samuel, Colella, Domenico, Colocci, Manuel, Concas, Matteo, Conesa Balbastre, Gustavo, Conesa Del Valle, Zaida, Contin, Giacomo, Contreras Nuno, Jesus Guillermo, Coquet, Maurice Louis, Cortese, Pietro, Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio, Costa, Filippo, Costanza, Susanna, Cot, Corentin, Crkovská, Jana, Crochet, Philippe, Cruz Torres, Reynier, Cui, Pengyao, Dainese, Andrea, Danisch, Meike Charlotte, Danu, Andrea, Das, Prottay, Das, Prottoy, Das, Supriya, Dash, Archita Rani, Dash, Sadhana, De Caro, Annalisa, De Cataldo, Giacinto, Cuveland, Jan de, De Falco, Alessandro, De Gruttola, Daniele, De Marco, Nora, De Martin, Chiara, De Pasquale, Salvatore, Deb, Rohaan, Del Grande, Raffaele, Dello Stritto, Luigi, Deng, Wenjing, Dhankher, Preeti, Di Bari, Domenico, Di Mauro, Antonio, Diab, Batoul, Arteche Diaz, Raul, Dietel, Thomas, Ding, Yanchun, Ditzel, Janik, Divià, Roberto, Dixit, Dhruv Utpalkumar, Djuvsland, Øystein, Dmitrieva, Uliana, Dobrin, Alexandru Florin, Donigus, Benjamin, Dubinski, Jan Michal, Dubla, Andrea, Dudi, Sandeep, Dupieux, Pascal, Durkac, Martin, Dzalaiova, Natalia, Eder, Tabea Maria, Ehlers, Raymond James, III, Eisenhut, Florian, Ejima, Ren, Elia, Domenico, Erazmus, Barbara Ewa, Ercolessi, Francesca, Espagnon, Bruno, Eulisse, Giulio, Evans, David, Evdokimov, Sergey, Fabbietti, Laura, Faggin, Mattia, Faivre, Julien, Fan, Feng, Fan, Wenqing, Fantoni, Alessandra, Fasel, Markus, Feliciello, Alessandro, Feofilov, Grigori A., Fernández Téllez, Arturo, Ferrandi De Oliveira, Lucas, Bertran Ferrer, Marta, Ferrero, Andrea, Ferrero, Chiara, Ferretti, Alessandro, Feuillard, Victor Jose Gaston, Filova, Vendulka, Finogeev, Dmitry, Fionda, Fiorella Maria Celeste, Flatland, Erlend, Flor, Fernando Antonio, Flores, Amanda Nicole, Foertsch, Siegfried Valentin, Fokin, Ilya, Fokin, Sergey, Fragiacomo, Enrico, Frajna, Eszter, Fuchs, Ulrich, Funicello, Nicola, Furget, Christophe, Furs, Artur, Fusayasu, Takahiro, Gaardhoeje, Jens Joergen, Gagliardi, Martino, Gago Medina, Alberto Martín, Gahlaut, Tanu, Duarte Galvan, Carlos, Gangadharan, Dhevan Raja, Ganoti, Paraskevi, Garabatos Cuadrado, Jose Maria, Tavira Garcia, Andrea, García Chávez, Tonatiuh, Garcia-Solis, Edmundo Javier, Gargiulo, Corrado, Gasik, Piotr, Gautam, Amrit, Germain, Marie, Ghimouz, Abderrahmane, Ghosh, Chandrasekhar, Giacalone, Marco, Gioachin, Giulia, Giubellino, Paolo, Giubilato, Piero, Glaenzer, Aude Marie Camille, Glässel, Peter, Glimos, Ewa, Goh, Daniel Jia Qin, Gonzalez Sebastian, Victor Luis, Gordeev, Pavel, Gorgon, Marek Boguslaw, Goswami, Kangkan, Gotovac, Sven, Grabski, Varlen, Graczykowski, Łukasz Kamil, Grecka, Ekaterina, Grelli, Alessandro, Grigoraș, Costin, Grigoryev, Vladislav, Grigoryan, Smbat, Grosa, Fabrizio, Große-Oetringhaus, Jan Fiete, Grosso, Raffaele, Grund, David, Grünwald, Nadine Alice, Garcia Guardiano, Gabriel, Guernane, Rachid, Guilbaud, Maxime Rene Joseph, Gulbrandsen, Kristjan Herlache, Gündem, Tuba, Gunji, Taku, Guo, Wenda, Gupta, Anik, Gupta, Ramni, Gupta, Rashi, Gwizdziel, Katarzyna, Gyulai, Laszlo, Hadjidakis, Cynthia Marie, Haider, Fakhar Ul, Haidlova, Sara, Hamagaki, Hideki, Hamdi, Abdennacer, Han, Younghoon, Hanley, Brian Gerald, Hannigan, Ryan, Hansen, Joachim, Haque, Md Rihan, Harris, John William, Harton, Austin Vincent, Hassan, Hadi, Hatzifotiadou, Despina, Hauer, Philip, Havener, Laura Brittany, Heckel, Stefan Thomas, Hellbär, Ernst, Helstrup, Håvard, Hemmer, Marvin, Herman, Tomáš, Herrera Corral, Gerardo Antonio, Herrmann, Florian, Herrmann, Sarah Nina Edwige, Hetland, Kristin Fanebust, Heybeck, Benedict, Hillemanns, Hartmut, Hippolyte, Boris, Hoffmann, Felix Willi, Hofman, Bas, Hong, Geunhee, Horst, Maximilian, Horzyk, Adrian, Hou, Yongzhen, Hristov, Peter, Hughes, Charles, Huhn, Patrick, Huhta, Laura Maria, Humanic, Thomas J., Hutson, Alek, Hutter, Dirk, Ilkaev, Radiy, Ilyas, Hira, Inaba, Motoi, Innocenti, Gian Michele, Ippolitov, Mikhail, Isakov, Artem, Isidori, Tommaso, Islam, Md Samsul, Ivanov, Marian, Ivanov, Vladimir, Iversen, Kaare Endrup, Jablonski, Miroslaw, Jacak, Barbara, Jacazio, Nicolò, Jacobs, Peter Martin, Jadlovska, Slavka, Jadlovsky, Jan, Jaelani, Syaefudin, Jahnke, Cristiane, Jakubowska, Monika Joanna, Janik, Malgorzata Anna, Janson, Thomas, Ji, Su-jeong, Jia, Shihai, Paz Jimenez, Alom Antonio, Jonas, Florian, Jones, Daniel Matthew, Jowett, John M., Jung, Jerome, Jung, Michael, Junique, Antoine Jean-Simon, Jusko, Anton, Karwowska, Maja Jadwiga, Kaewjai, Jetnipit, Kalinak, Peter, Kalteyer, Annalena Sophie, Kalweit, Alexander Philipp, Kaplin, Vladimir, Karasu Uysal, Ayben, Karatović, David, Karavichev, Oleg V., Karavicheva, Tatiana L., Karczmarczyk, Przemyslaw, Karpechev, Evgeny, Kebschull, Udo, Keidel, Ralf, Keijdener, D.L. D., Keil, Markus, Ketzer, Bernhard, Khade, Swapnesh Santosh, Khan, Ahsan Mehmood, Khan, Shaista, Khanzadeev, Alexei, Kharlov, Yury, Khatun, Anisa, Khuntia, Arvind, Kileng, Bjarte, Kim, Beomkyu, Kim, Chong, Kim, Dong Jo, Kim, Eun Joo, Kim, Jaehyun, Kim, Jinsook, Kim, Jiyoung, Kim, Junlee, Kim, Minjung, Kim, Se Yong, Kim, Taejun, Kimura, Kento, Kirsch, Stefan, Kisel, Ivan, Kiselev, Sergej N., Kisiel, Adam Ryszard, Kitowski, Jacek Pawel, Klay, Jennifer Lynn, Klein, Jochen, Klein, Spencer Robert, Klein-Bösing, Christian, Kleiner, Matthias, Klemenz, Thomas, Kluge, Alexander, Knospe, Anders Garritt, Kobdaj, Chinorat, Kollegger, Thorsten, Kondratyev, Andrey, Kondratyeva, Natalia, Kondratyuk, Evgeny, König, Joshua Leon, Königstorfer, Stephan Alexander, Konopka, Piotr Jan, Kornakov Van, Georgui, Korwieser, Maximilian, Koryciak, Sebastian Dominik, Kotliarov, Artem, Kovalenko, Vladimir, Kowalski, Marek, Kozhuharov, Venelin Valeriev, Králik, Ivan, Kravčáková, Adela, Krcal, Lubos, Krivda, Marian, Krizek, Filip, Krizkova Gajdosova, Katarina, Kroesen, Martin, Krüger, Mario, Krupova, Diana Maria, Kryshen, Evgeny, Kucera, Vit, Kuhn, Christian Claude, Kuijer, Paulus Gerardus, Kumaoka, Takuya, Kumar, Deekshit, Kumar, Lokesh, Kumar, Navneet, Kumar, Shyam, Kundu, Sourav, Kurashvili, Podist, Kurepin, Alexander, Kurepin, Alexey B., Kuryakin, Alexey, Kushpil, Svetlana, Kuskov, Vladislav, Kweon, Min Jung, Kwon, Youngil, La Pointe, Sarah Louise, La Rocca, Paola, Lakrathok, Anantachai, Lamanna, Massimo, Landou, Aimeric Robin, Langoy, Rune, Larionov, Pavel, Laudi, Elisa, Lautner, Lukas, Lavicka, Roman, Lea, Ramona, Lee, Hyungjun, Legrand, Iosif-charles, Legras, Gauthier, Lehrbach, Johannes, Lelek, Tomasz Marcin, Lemmon, Roy Crawford, Leon Monzon, Ildefonso, Lesch, Marcel Markus, Lesser, Ezra Douglas, Lévai, Peter, Li, Xiaomei, Lien, Jørgen André, Lietava, Roman, Likmeta, Iris, Lim, Bong-Hwi, Lim, Sanghoon, Lindenstruth, Volker, Lindner, Amelia, Lippmann, Christian, Liu, Donghai, Liu, Jian, Setoue Liveraro, Gianni Shigeru, Mckibben Lofnes, Ingrid, Loizides, Constantinos, Lokos, Sandor, Lomker, Johanna, Lončar, Petra, Lopez, Xavier Bernard, López Torres, Ernesto, Lu, Pengzhong, Lugo, Fabiola Viridiana, Luhder, Jens Robert, Lunardon, Marcello, Luparello, Grazia, Ma, Yu-Gang, Mager, Magnus, Maire, Antonin, Majerz, Emilia Maria, Makariev, Martin Vasilev, Malaev, Mikhail, Malfattore, Giovanni, Malik, Nasir Mehdi, Malik, Qasim Waheed, Malik, Salman Khurshid, Malinina, Liudmila, Mallick, Dukhishyam, Mallick, Neelkamal, Mandaglio, Giuseppe, Mandal, Sushobhan Kumar, Manko, Vladislav, Manso, Franck, Manzari, Vito, Mao, Yaxian, Marcjan, Robert Waclaw, Margagliotti, Giacomo Vito, Margotti, Anselmo, Marin, Ana Maria, Markert, Christina, Martinengo, Paolo, Martínez Hernández, Mario Iván, García Martínez, Ginés, Martins Palhares, Maria Paula, Masciocchi, Silvia, Masera, Massimo, Masoni, Alberto, Massacrier, Laure Marie, Massen, Olaf, Mastroserio, Annalisa, Matonoha, Oliver, Mattiazzo, Serena, Matyja, Adam Tomasz, Mayer, Christoph, Lafuente Mazuecos, Antonio, Mazzaschi, Francesco, Mazzilli, Marianna, Mdhluli, Joyful Elma, Melikyan, Yury, Menchaca-rocha, Arturo Alejandro, Munoz Mendez, Jesus Eduardo, Meninno, Elisa, Sasikumar Menon, Anjaly, Meres, Michal, Mhlanga, Sibaliso, Miake, Yasuo, Micheletti, Luca, Mihaylov, Dimitar Lubomirov, Mikhaylov, Konstantin, Mishra, Aditya Nath, Czeslaw Miskowiec, Dariusz, Modak, Abhi, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Khan, Mohammed Mohisin, Molander, Mikael Andreas, Monira, Shirajum, Mordasini, Cindy, Moreira De Godoy Willems, Denise Aparecida, Morozov, Igor, Morsch, Andreas, Mrnjavac, Teo, Muccifora, Valeria, Muhuri, Sanjib, Mulligan, James Declan, Mulliri, Alice, Gameiro Munhoz, Marcelo, Munzer, Robert Helmut, Murakami, Hikari, Murray, Sean, Musa, Luciano, Musinsky, Jan, Myrcha, Julian Wojciech, Naik, Bharati, Nambrath, Anjali Ila, Nandi, Basanta Kumar, Nania, Rosario, Nappi, Eugenio, Nassirpour, Adrian Fereydon, Nath, Abhishek, Nattrass, Christine, Naydenov, Momchil Nikolaev, Neagu, Alexandra, Negru, Adrian-eduard, Nekrasova, Evgeniia, Nellen, Lukas, Nepeivoda, Roman, Nese, Sigurd, Nešković, Gvozden, Nicassio, Nicola, Nielsen, Borge Svane, Nielsen, Emil Gorm, Nikolaev, Sergey, Nikulin, Sergey, Nikulin, Vladimir, Noferini, Francesco, Noh, Seoyoung, Nomokonov, Petr V., Norman, Jaime, Novitzky, Norbert, Nowakowski, Piotr, Nyanin, Alexander, Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar, Ogino, Masanori, Oh, Saehanseul, Ohlson, Alice, Okorokov, Vitaly A., Oleniacz, Janusz, Silva, Antonio Carlos Oliveira da, Önnerstad, Anna, Oppedisano, Chiara, Ortiz Velasquez, Antonio, Otwinowski, Jacek Tomasz, Oya, Motomi, Oyama, Ken, Pachmayer, Yvonne C., Padhan, Sonali, Pagano, Davide, Paic, Guy, Paisano Guzman, Sergio, Palasciano, Antonio, Panebianco, Stefano Matthias, Park, Hanseo, Park, Hyebin, Park, Jonghan, Parkkila, Jasper Elias, Patley, Yash, Patra, Rajendra Nath, Paul, Biswarup, Pei, Hua, Peitzmann, Thomas, Peng, Xinye, Pennisi, Michele, Perciballi, Stefania, Peresunko, Dmitry Yurevich, Mesa Perez, Guillermo, Pestov, Yury N., Petrov, Vitalii, Petrovici, Mihai A., Pezzi, Rafael Peretti, Piano, Stefano, Pikna, Miroslav, Pillot, Philippe, Pinazza, Ombretta, Pinsky, Lawrence, Pinto, Chiara, Pisano, Silvia, Płoskoń, Mateusz, Planinic, Mirko, Pliquett, Fabian, Poghosyan, Martin G., Polishchuk, Boris, Politano, Stefano, Poljak, Nikola, Pop, Amalia, Porteboeuf, Sarah Julie, Pozdniakov, Valerii, Yoval Pozos, Irandheny, Pradhan, Kshitish Kumar, Prasad, Sidharth Kumar, Prasad, Suraj, Preghenella, Roberto, Prino, Francesco, Pruneau, Claude A., Pshenichnov, Igor A., Puccio, Maximiliano, Pucillo, Sara, Pugelova, Zuzana, Qiu, Shi, Quaglia, Luca, Ragoni, Simone, Rai, Ananya, Rakotozafindrabe, Andry Malala, Ramello, Luciano, Rami, Fouad, Rancien, Thibaut Albert, Rasa, Marika, Räsänen, Sami Sakari, Rath, Rutuparna, Rauch, Max Philip, Ravasenga, Ivan, Read, Kenneth Francis, Reckziegel, Christian, Redelbach, Andreas Ralph, Redlich, Krzysztof, Reetz, Carolina Anna, Regules Medel, Hector David, Rehman, Attiq ur, Reidt, Felix, Reme-Ness, Haakon André, Jakubcinova, Zuzana, Reygers, Klaus, Riabov, Andrei, Riabov, Viktor, Ricci, Riccardo, Richter, Matthias Rudolph, Riedel, Anton Albert, Riegler, Werner, Riffero, Andrea Giovanni, Ristea, Cătălin-Lucian, Viqueira Rodriguez, Manuel, Rodrı́guez Cahuantzi, Mario, Rodríguez Ramírez, Saúl Aníbal, Rogalev, Roman, Rogochaya, Elena, Rogoschinski, Tim Sebastian, Rohr, David, Röhrich, Dieter, Fierro Rojas, Pablo, Rojas Torres, Solangel, Rokita, Przemyslaw Stefan, Romanenko, Gleb, Ronchetti, Federico, Rosano, Antonina, Dominguez Rosas, Edgar, Rosłon, Krystian, Rossi, Andrea, Roy, Ankhi, Roy, Subhadeep, Rubini, Nicola, Ruggiano, Daniela, Rui, Rinaldo, Russek, Pawel Grzegorz, Russo, Roberto, Rustamov, Anar, Ryabinkin, Evgeny, Ryabov, Yury, Rybicki, Andrzej Krzysztof, Rytkönen, Heidi Maria, Ryu, Jaehyeok, Rzęsa, Wioleta, Saarimäki, Oskari Antti Matti, Sadhu, Samrangy, Sadovskiy, Sergey, Sætre, Jon-are, Šafařík, Karel, Saha, Pallabi, Saha, Sumit Kumar, Saha, Swati, Sahoo, Baidyanath, Sahoo, Bhagyarathi, Sahoo, Raghunath, Sahoo, Sarita, Sahu, Dushmanta, Sahu, Pradip Kumar, Saini, Jogender, Tropp, Klaudia, Sakai, Shingo, Panikkassery Salvan, Malavika, Sambyal, Sanjeev Singh, Samitz, Daniel, Sanna, Isabella, Badaro Saramela, Thiago, Sarma, Pranjal, Sarritzu, Valerio, Mantovani Sarti, Valentina, Sas, Mike Henry Petrus, Sawan, Sawan, Schambach, Johann Joachim, Scheid, Horst Sebastian, Schiaua, Claudiu Cornel, Schicker, Rainer, Schlepper, Felix, Schmah, Alexander, Schmidt, Christian Joachim, Schmidt, Hans Rudolf, Schmidt, Marten Ole, Schmidt, Martin, Schmidt, Nicolas, Schmier, Austin Robert, Schotter, Romain, Wilhelmi, Alexander, Schukraft, Jürgen, Schweda, Kai, Scioli, Gilda, Scomparin, Enrico, Seger, Janet Elizabeth, Sekiguchi, Yuko, Sekihata, Daiki, Selina, Mariia, Selyuzhenkov, Ilya, Senyukov, Serhiy, Seo, Jin Joo, Serebryakov, Dmitry, Šerkšnytė, Laura, Sevcenco, Adrian, Shaba, Tebogo Joyce, Shabetai, Alexandre, Shahoyan, Ruben, Shangaraev, Artem, Sharma, Anjali, Sharma, Binti, Sharma, Deependra, Sharma, Himanshu, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Samarth, Sharma, Sheetal, Sharma, Upasana, Shatat, Afnan, Sheibani, Oveis, Shigaki, Kenta, Hachiya Shimomura, Maya, Shin, Jaehyuck, Shirinkin, Sergey, Shou, Qiye, Sibiryak, Yury, Siddhanta, Sabyasachi, Siemiarczuk, Teodor, Silva, Tiago Fiorini da, Silvermyr, David Olle Rickard, Simantathammakul, Tawanchat, Simeonov, Radoslav, Singh, Balwan, Singh, Bhawani, Singh, Kamaljeet, Singh, Ranbir, Singh, Randhir, Singh, Ravindra, Singh, Sweta, Singh, Vivek, Singhal, Vikas, Sarkar - Sinha, Tinku, Sitar, Branislav, Sitta, Mario, Skaali, Toralf Bernhard, Skorodumovs, Georgijs, Slupecki, Maciej, Smirnov, Nikolai, Snellings, Raimond, Haugland Solheim, Emilie, Song, Jihye, Sonnabend, Christian, Soramel, Francesca, Soto-hernandez, Analyce Bella, Spijkers, Rik, Sputowska, Iwona Anna, Staa, Joey, Stachel, Johanna, Stan, Ionel, Steffanic, Patrick John, Stiefelmaier, Stephan, Stocco, Diego, Storehaug, Ida, Stratmann, Peter, Strazzi, Sofia, Sturniolo, Alessandro, Pliatskas Stylianidis, Christos, Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo, Suire, Christophe Pierre, Sukhanov, Mikhail, Šuljić, Miljenko, Sultanov, Rishat, Sumberia, Vikash, Sumowidagdo, Suharyo, Swain, Sagarika, Szarka, Imrich, Szymkowski, Maciej, Taghavi, Seyed Farid, Taillepied, Guillaume, Takahashi, Jun, Tambave, Ganesh Jagannath, Tang, Siyu, Tang, Zebo, Tapia Takaki, Jesus Daniel, Tapus, Nicolae, Tarasovicova, Lucia Anna, Tarzila, Madalina-Gabriela, Tassielli, Giovanni Francesco, Tauro, Arturo, Tejeda Muñoz, Guillermo, Telesca, Adriana, Terlizzi, Livia, Terrevoli, Cristina, Thakur, Sanchari, Thomas, Deepa, Tikhonov, Anatoly, Tiltmann, Nicolas, Timmins, Anthony Robert, Tkacik, Milan, Tkacik, Tomas, Toia, Alberica, Tokumoto, Ryoka, Tomohiro, Keisuke, Topilskaya, Nataliya, Toppi, Marco, Tork, Theraa M.A., Vargas Torres, Paola, Valencia Torres, Victor, Torres Ramos, Arianna 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Barthélémy von, Vorobyev, Ivan, Vozniuk, Nikita, Vrlakova, Janka, Wan, Jie, Wang, Chunzheng, Wang, Dongfang, Wang, Yuanzhe, Wang, Yubiao, Wegrzynek, Adam Tadeusz, Weiglhofer, Felix Thomas, Wenzel, Sandro Christian, Wessels, Johannes P., Wiechula, Jens, Wikne, Jon, Wilk, Grzegorz Andrzej, Wilkinson, Jeremy John, Willems, Guido Alexander, Windelband, Bernd, Winn, Michael, Wright, Josephina Rae, Wu, Wenya, Wu, Yitao, Xu, Ran, Yadav, Ankur, Yadav, Arun Kumar, Yalcin Kuzu, Serpil, Yamaguchi, Yorito, Yang, Shiming, Yano, Satoshi, Yin, Zhongbao, Yoo, In-Kwon, Yoon, Jin Hee, Yu, Hyeonjin, Yuan, Shiming, Yüncü, Alperen, Zaccolo, Valentina, Zampolli, Chiara, Zanone, Federica, Zardoshti, Nima, Zarochentsev, Andrey, Závada, Petr, Zavyalov, Nikolay, Zhalov, Mikhail, Zhang, Biao, Zhang, Chi, Zhang, Liuyao, Zhang, Song, Zhang, Xiaoming, Zhang, Yifei, Zhang, Zhen, Zhao, Mingrui, Zherebchevskii, Vladimir, Yu, Zhi, Zhou, Daicui, Zhou, You, Zhu, Jianhui, Zhu, Ya, Zugravel, Stefan Cristi, Zurlo, Nicola, Acharya, Shreyasi, Adamová, Dagmar, Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca, Agnello, Michelangelo, Agrawal, Neelima, Ahammed, Zubayer, Ahmad, Shakeel, Ahn, Sang Un, Ahuja, Ishaan, Akindinov, Alexander, Al-Turany, Mohammad, Aleksandrov, Dmitry, Alessandro, Bruno, Alfanda, Haidar Mas’ud, Alfaro Molina, Jose Ruben, Ali, Bushra, Alici, Andrea, Alizadehvandchali, Negin, Alkin, Anton, Alme, Johan, Alocco, Giacomo, Alt, Torsten, Altamura, Anna Rita, Altsybeev, Igor, Alvarado Garcia, Jesús Ricardo, Anaam, Mustafa Naji, Andrei, Cristian, Andreou, Nicodemos, Andronic, Anton, Anguelov, Venelin, Antinori, Federico, Antonioli, Pietro, Apadula, Nicole, Aphecetche, Laurent Bernard, Appelshäuser, Harald, Arata, Carolina, Arcelli, Silvia, Aresti, Mauro, Arnaldi, Roberta, Arneiro, Jhoao Gabriel Martins Campos Almeida, Arsene, Ionut Cristian, Arslandok, Mesut, Augustinus, Andre, Averbeck, Ralf Peter, Azmi, Mohd Danish, Baba, Hitoshi, Badalà, Angela, Bae, Joonsuk, Baek, Yong Wook, Bai, Xiaozhi, Bailhache, Raphaëlle, 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Polichtchouk, Boris, Porteboeuf-Houssais, Sarah Julie, Rescakova, Zuzana, Røed, Ketil, Sajdakova, K., Schroter, Alexander, Weyhmiller, Sierra Lisa, Carabas, Mihai, Amatriain Carballo, Aitor, Carnesecchi, Francesca, Caron, Robin Albert Andre, Abranches De Carvalho, Leopoldo, Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto, Catalano, Fabio, Ceballos Sanchez, Cesar, Chakaberia, Irakli, Chakraborty, Pritam, Chandra, Sinjini, Chapeland, Sylvain, Chartier, Marielle, Chattopadhyay, Subhasis, Chattopadhyay, Sukalyan, Cheng, Tiantian, Cheshkov, Cvetan Valeriev, Cheynis, Brigitte, Chibante Barroso, Vasco Miguel, Chinellato, David Dobrigkeit, Chizzali, Emma Sophia, Cho, Jaeyoon, Cho, Soyeon, Chochula, Peter, Choudhury, Dhrubajyoti, Christakoglou, Panagiotis, Christensen, Christian Holm, Christiansen, Peter L., Chujo, Tatsuya, Ciacco, Mario, Cicalò, Corrado, Cindolo, Federico, Ciupek, Michael Rudolf, Clai, Giulia, Colamaria, Fabio Filippo, Colburn, Jonathan Samuel, Colella, Domenico, Colocci, Manuel, Concas, Matteo, Conesa Balbastre, Gustavo, Conesa Del Valle, Zaida, Contin, Giacomo, Contreras Nuno, Jesus Guillermo, Coquet, Maurice Louis, Cortese, Pietro, Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio, Costa, Filippo, Costanza, Susanna, Cot, Corentin, Crkovská, Jana, Crochet, Philippe, Cruz Torres, Reynier, Cui, Pengyao, Dainese, Andrea, Danisch, Meike Charlotte, Danu, Andrea, Das, Prottay, Das, Prottoy, Das, Supriya, Dash, Archita Rani, Dash, Sadhana, De Caro, Annalisa, De Cataldo, Giacinto, Cuveland, Jan de, De Falco, Alessandro, De Gruttola, Daniele, De Marco, Nora, De Martin, Chiara, De Pasquale, Salvatore, Deb, Rohaan, Del Grande, Raffaele, Dello Stritto, Luigi, Deng, Wenjing, Dhankher, Preeti, Di Bari, Domenico, Di Mauro, Antonio, Diab, Batoul, Arteche Diaz, Raul, Dietel, Thomas, Ding, Yanchun, Ditzel, Janik, Divià, Roberto, Dixit, Dhruv Utpalkumar, Djuvsland, Øystein, Dmitrieva, Uliana, Dobrin, Alexandru Florin, Donigus, Benjamin, Dubinski, Jan Michal, Dubla, Andrea, Dudi, Sandeep, Dupieux, Pascal, Durkac, Martin, Dzalaiova, Natalia, Eder, Tabea Maria, Ehlers, Raymond James, III, Eisenhut, Florian, Ejima, Ren, Elia, Domenico, Erazmus, Barbara Ewa, Ercolessi, Francesca, Espagnon, Bruno, Eulisse, Giulio, Evans, David, Evdokimov, Sergey, Fabbietti, Laura, Faggin, Mattia, Faivre, Julien, Fan, Feng, Fan, Wenqing, Fantoni, Alessandra, Fasel, Markus, Feliciello, Alessandro, Feofilov, Grigori A., Fernández Téllez, Arturo, Ferrandi De Oliveira, Lucas, Bertran Ferrer, Marta, Ferrero, Andrea, Ferrero, Chiara, Ferretti, Alessandro, Feuillard, Victor Jose Gaston, Filova, Vendulka, Finogeev, Dmitry, Fionda, Fiorella Maria Celeste, Flatland, Erlend, Flor, Fernando Antonio, Flores, Amanda Nicole, Foertsch, Siegfried Valentin, Fokin, Ilya, Fokin, Sergey, Fragiacomo, Enrico, Frajna, Eszter, Fuchs, Ulrich, Funicello, Nicola, Furget, Christophe, Furs, Artur, Fusayasu, Takahiro, Gaardhoeje, Jens Joergen, Gagliardi, Martino, Gago Medina, Alberto Martín, Gahlaut, Tanu, Duarte Galvan, Carlos, Gangadharan, Dhevan Raja, Ganoti, Paraskevi, Garabatos Cuadrado, Jose Maria, Tavira Garcia, Andrea, García Chávez, Tonatiuh, Garcia-Solis, Edmundo Javier, Gargiulo, Corrado, Gasik, Piotr, Gautam, Amrit, Germain, Marie, Ghimouz, Abderrahmane, Ghosh, Chandrasekhar, Giacalone, Marco, Gioachin, Giulia, Giubellino, Paolo, Giubilato, Piero, Glaenzer, Aude Marie Camille, Glässel, Peter, Glimos, Ewa, Goh, Daniel Jia Qin, Gonzalez Sebastian, Victor Luis, Gordeev, Pavel, Gorgon, Marek Boguslaw, Goswami, Kangkan, Gotovac, Sven, Grabski, Varlen, Graczykowski, Łukasz Kamil, Grecka, Ekaterina, Grelli, Alessandro, Grigoraș, Costin, Grigoryev, Vladislav, Grigoryan, Smbat, Grosa, Fabrizio, Große-Oetringhaus, Jan Fiete, Grosso, Raffaele, Grund, David, Grünwald, Nadine Alice, Garcia Guardiano, Gabriel, Guernane, Rachid, Guilbaud, Maxime Rene Joseph, Gulbrandsen, Kristjan Herlache, Gündem, Tuba, Gunji, Taku, Guo, Wenda, Gupta, Anik, Gupta, Ramni, Gupta, Rashi, Gwizdziel, Katarzyna, Gyulai, Laszlo, 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Jacak, Barbara, Jacazio, Nicolò, Jacobs, Peter Martin, Jadlovska, Slavka, Jadlovsky, Jan, Jaelani, Syaefudin, Jahnke, Cristiane, Jakubowska, Monika Joanna, Janik, Malgorzata Anna, Janson, Thomas, Ji, Su-jeong, Jia, Shihai, Paz Jimenez, Alom Antonio, Jonas, Florian, Jones, Daniel Matthew, Jowett, John M., Jung, Jerome, Jung, Michael, Junique, Antoine Jean-Simon, Jusko, Anton, Karwowska, Maja Jadwiga, Kaewjai, Jetnipit, Kalinak, Peter, Kalteyer, Annalena Sophie, Kalweit, Alexander Philipp, Kaplin, Vladimir, Karasu Uysal, Ayben, Karatović, David, Karavichev, Oleg V., Karavicheva, Tatiana L., Karczmarczyk, Przemyslaw, Karpechev, Evgeny, Kebschull, Udo, Keidel, Ralf, Keijdener, D.L. D., Keil, Markus, Ketzer, Bernhard, Khade, Swapnesh Santosh, Khan, Ahsan Mehmood, Khan, Shaista, Khanzadeev, Alexei, Kharlov, Yury, Khatun, Anisa, Khuntia, Arvind, Kileng, Bjarte, Kim, Beomkyu, Kim, Chong, Kim, Dong Jo, Kim, Eun Joo, Kim, Jaehyun, Kim, Jinsook, Kim, Jiyoung, Kim, Junlee, Kim, Minjung, Kim, Se Yong, Kim, Taejun, Kimura, Kento, Kirsch, Stefan, Kisel, Ivan, Kiselev, Sergej N., Kisiel, Adam Ryszard, Kitowski, Jacek Pawel, Klay, Jennifer Lynn, Klein, Jochen, Klein, Spencer Robert, Klein-Bösing, Christian, Kleiner, Matthias, Klemenz, Thomas, Kluge, Alexander, Knospe, Anders Garritt, Kobdaj, Chinorat, Kollegger, Thorsten, Kondratyev, Andrey, Kondratyeva, Natalia, Kondratyuk, Evgeny, König, Joshua Leon, Königstorfer, Stephan Alexander, Konopka, Piotr Jan, Kornakov Van, Georgui, Korwieser, Maximilian, Koryciak, Sebastian Dominik, Kotliarov, Artem, Kovalenko, Vladimir, Kowalski, Marek, Kozhuharov, Venelin Valeriev, Králik, Ivan, Kravčáková, Adela, Krcal, Lubos, Krivda, Marian, Krizek, Filip, Krizkova Gajdosova, Katarina, Kroesen, Martin, Krüger, Mario, Krupova, Diana Maria, Kryshen, Evgeny, Kucera, Vit, Kuhn, Christian Claude, Kuijer, Paulus Gerardus, Kumaoka, Takuya, Kumar, Deekshit, Kumar, Lokesh, Kumar, Navneet, Kumar, Shyam, Kundu, Sourav, Kurashvili, Podist, Kurepin, Alexander, Kurepin, Alexey B., Kuryakin, Alexey, Kushpil, Svetlana, Kuskov, Vladislav, Kweon, Min Jung, Kwon, Youngil, La Pointe, Sarah Louise, La Rocca, Paola, Lakrathok, Anantachai, Lamanna, Massimo, Landou, Aimeric Robin, Langoy, Rune, Larionov, Pavel, Laudi, Elisa, Lautner, Lukas, Lavicka, Roman, Lea, Ramona, Lee, Hyungjun, Legrand, Iosif-charles, Legras, Gauthier, Lehrbach, Johannes, Lelek, Tomasz Marcin, Lemmon, Roy Crawford, Leon Monzon, Ildefonso, Lesch, Marcel Markus, Lesser, Ezra Douglas, Lévai, Peter, Li, Xiaomei, Lien, Jørgen André, Lietava, Roman, Likmeta, Iris, Lim, Bong-Hwi, Lim, Sanghoon, Lindenstruth, Volker, Lindner, Amelia, Lippmann, Christian, Liu, Donghai, Liu, Jian, Setoue Liveraro, Gianni Shigeru, Mckibben Lofnes, Ingrid, Loizides, Constantinos, Lokos, Sandor, Lomker, Johanna, Lončar, Petra, Lopez, Xavier Bernard, López Torres, Ernesto, Lu, Pengzhong, Lugo, Fabiola Viridiana, Luhder, Jens Robert, Lunardon, Marcello, Luparello, Grazia, Ma, Yu-Gang, Mager, Magnus, Maire, Antonin, Majerz, Emilia Maria, Makariev, Martin Vasilev, Malaev, Mikhail, Malfattore, Giovanni, Malik, Nasir Mehdi, Malik, Qasim Waheed, Malik, Salman Khurshid, Malinina, Liudmila, Mallick, Dukhishyam, Mallick, Neelkamal, Mandaglio, Giuseppe, Mandal, Sushobhan Kumar, Manko, Vladislav, Manso, Franck, Manzari, Vito, Mao, Yaxian, Marcjan, Robert Waclaw, Margagliotti, Giacomo Vito, Margotti, Anselmo, Marin, Ana Maria, Markert, Christina, Martinengo, Paolo, Martínez Hernández, Mario Iván, García Martínez, Ginés, Martins Palhares, Maria Paula, Masciocchi, Silvia, Masera, Massimo, Masoni, Alberto, Massacrier, Laure Marie, Massen, Olaf, Mastroserio, Annalisa, Matonoha, Oliver, Mattiazzo, Serena, Matyja, Adam Tomasz, Mayer, Christoph, Lafuente Mazuecos, Antonio, Mazzaschi, Francesco, Mazzilli, Marianna, Mdhluli, Joyful Elma, Melikyan, Yury, Menchaca-rocha, Arturo Alejandro, Munoz Mendez, Jesus Eduardo, Meninno, Elisa, Sasikumar Menon, Anjaly, Meres, Michal, Mhlanga, Sibaliso, Miake, Yasuo, Micheletti, Luca, Mihaylov, Dimitar Lubomirov, Mikhaylov, Konstantin, Mishra, Aditya Nath, Czeslaw Miskowiec, Dariusz, Modak, Abhi, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Khan, Mohammed Mohisin, Molander, Mikael Andreas, Monira, Shirajum, Mordasini, Cindy, Moreira De Godoy Willems, Denise Aparecida, Morozov, Igor, Morsch, Andreas, Mrnjavac, Teo, Muccifora, Valeria, Muhuri, Sanjib, Mulligan, James Declan, Mulliri, Alice, Gameiro Munhoz, Marcelo, Munzer, Robert Helmut, Murakami, Hikari, Murray, Sean, Musa, Luciano, Musinsky, Jan, Myrcha, Julian Wojciech, Naik, Bharati, Nambrath, Anjali Ila, Nandi, Basanta Kumar, Nania, Rosario, Nappi, Eugenio, Nassirpour, Adrian Fereydon, Nath, Abhishek, Nattrass, Christine, Naydenov, Momchil Nikolaev, Neagu, Alexandra, Negru, Adrian-eduard, Nekrasova, Evgeniia, Nellen, Lukas, Nepeivoda, Roman, Nese, Sigurd, Nešković, Gvozden, Nicassio, Nicola, Nielsen, Borge Svane, Nielsen, Emil Gorm, Nikolaev, Sergey, Nikulin, Sergey, Nikulin, Vladimir, Noferini, Francesco, Noh, Seoyoung, Nomokonov, Petr V., Norman, Jaime, Novitzky, Norbert, Nowakowski, Piotr, Nyanin, Alexander, Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar, Ogino, Masanori, Oh, Saehanseul, Ohlson, Alice, Okorokov, Vitaly A., Oleniacz, Janusz, Silva, Antonio Carlos Oliveira da, Önnerstad, Anna, Oppedisano, Chiara, Ortiz Velasquez, Antonio, Otwinowski, Jacek Tomasz, Oya, Motomi, Oyama, Ken, Pachmayer, Yvonne C., Padhan, Sonali, Pagano, Davide, Paic, Guy, Paisano Guzman, Sergio, Palasciano, Antonio, Panebianco, Stefano Matthias, Park, Hanseo, Park, Hyebin, Park, Jonghan, Parkkila, Jasper Elias, Patley, Yash, Patra, Rajendra Nath, Paul, Biswarup, Pei, Hua, Peitzmann, Thomas, Peng, Xinye, Pennisi, Michele, Perciballi, Stefania, Peresunko, Dmitry Yurevich, Mesa Perez, Guillermo, Pestov, Yury N., Petrov, Vitalii, Petrovici, Mihai A., Pezzi, Rafael Peretti, Piano, Stefano, Pikna, Miroslav, Pillot, Philippe, Pinazza, Ombretta, Pinsky, Lawrence, Pinto, Chiara, Pisano, Silvia, Płoskoń, Mateusz, Planinic, Mirko, Pliquett, Fabian, Poghosyan, Martin G., Polishchuk, Boris, Politano, Stefano, Poljak, Nikola, Pop, Amalia, Porteboeuf, Sarah Julie, Pozdniakov, Valerii, Yoval Pozos, Irandheny, Pradhan, Kshitish Kumar, Prasad, Sidharth Kumar, Prasad, Suraj, Preghenella, Roberto, Prino, Francesco, Pruneau, Claude A., Pshenichnov, Igor A., Puccio, Maximiliano, Pucillo, Sara, Pugelova, Zuzana, Qiu, Shi, Quaglia, Luca, Ragoni, Simone, Rai, Ananya, Rakotozafindrabe, Andry Malala, Ramello, Luciano, Rami, Fouad, Rancien, Thibaut Albert, Rasa, Marika, Räsänen, Sami Sakari, Rath, Rutuparna, Rauch, Max Philip, Ravasenga, Ivan, Read, Kenneth Francis, Reckziegel, Christian, Redelbach, Andreas Ralph, Redlich, Krzysztof, Reetz, Carolina Anna, Regules Medel, Hector David, Rehman, Attiq ur, Reidt, Felix, Reme-Ness, Haakon André, Jakubcinova, Zuzana, Reygers, Klaus, Riabov, Andrei, Riabov, Viktor, Ricci, Riccardo, Richter, Matthias Rudolph, Riedel, Anton Albert, Riegler, Werner, Riffero, Andrea Giovanni, Ristea, Cătălin-Lucian, Viqueira Rodriguez, Manuel, Rodrı́guez Cahuantzi, Mario, Rodríguez Ramírez, Saúl Aníbal, Rogalev, Roman, Rogochaya, Elena, Rogoschinski, Tim Sebastian, Rohr, David, Röhrich, Dieter, Fierro Rojas, Pablo, Rojas Torres, Solangel, Rokita, Przemyslaw Stefan, Romanenko, Gleb, Ronchetti, Federico, Rosano, Antonina, Dominguez Rosas, Edgar, Rosłon, Krystian, Rossi, Andrea, Roy, Ankhi, Roy, Subhadeep, Rubini, Nicola, Ruggiano, Daniela, Rui, Rinaldo, Russek, Pawel Grzegorz, Russo, Roberto, Rustamov, Anar, Ryabinkin, Evgeny, Ryabov, Yury, Rybicki, Andrzej Krzysztof, Rytkönen, Heidi Maria, Ryu, Jaehyeok, Rzęsa, Wioleta, Saarimäki, Oskari Antti Matti, Sadhu, Samrangy, Sadovskiy, Sergey, Sætre, Jon-are, Šafařík, Karel, Saha, Pallabi, Saha, Sumit Kumar, Saha, Swati, Sahoo, Baidyanath, Sahoo, Bhagyarathi, Sahoo, Raghunath, Sahoo, Sarita, Sahu, Dushmanta, Sahu, Pradip Kumar, Saini, Jogender, Tropp, Klaudia, Sakai, Shingo, Panikkassery Salvan, Malavika, Sambyal, Sanjeev Singh, Samitz, Daniel, Sanna, Isabella, Badaro Saramela, Thiago, Sarma, Pranjal, Sarritzu, Valerio, Mantovani Sarti, Valentina, Sas, Mike Henry Petrus, Sawan, Sawan, Schambach, Johann Joachim, Scheid, Horst Sebastian, Schiaua, Claudiu Cornel, Schicker, Rainer, Schlepper, Felix, Schmah, Alexander, Schmidt, Christian Joachim, Schmidt, Hans Rudolf, Schmidt, Marten Ole, Schmidt, Martin, Schmidt, Nicolas, Schmier, Austin Robert, Schotter, Romain, Wilhelmi, Alexander, Schukraft, Jürgen, Schweda, Kai, Scioli, Gilda, Scomparin, Enrico, Seger, Janet Elizabeth, Sekiguchi, Yuko, Sekihata, Daiki, Selina, Mariia, Selyuzhenkov, Ilya, Senyukov, Serhiy, Seo, Jin Joo, Serebryakov, Dmitry, Šerkšnytė, Laura, Sevcenco, Adrian, Shaba, Tebogo Joyce, Shabetai, Alexandre, Shahoyan, Ruben, Shangaraev, Artem, Sharma, Anjali, Sharma, Binti, Sharma, Deependra, Sharma, Himanshu, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Samarth, Sharma, Sheetal, Sharma, Upasana, Shatat, Afnan, Sheibani, Oveis, Shigaki, Kenta, Hachiya Shimomura, Maya, Shin, Jaehyuck, Shirinkin, Sergey, Shou, Qiye, Sibiryak, Yury, Siddhanta, Sabyasachi, Siemiarczuk, Teodor, Silva, Tiago Fiorini da, Silvermyr, David Olle Rickard, Simantathammakul, Tawanchat, Simeonov, Radoslav, Singh, Balwan, Singh, Bhawani, Singh, Kamaljeet, Singh, Ranbir, Singh, Randhir, Singh, Ravindra, Singh, Sweta, Singh, Vivek, Singhal, Vikas, Sarkar - Sinha, Tinku, Sitar, Branislav, Sitta, Mario, Skaali, Toralf Bernhard, Skorodumovs, Georgijs, Slupecki, Maciej, Smirnov, Nikolai, Snellings, Raimond, Haugland Solheim, Emilie, Song, Jihye, Sonnabend, Christian, Soramel, Francesca, Soto-hernandez, Analyce Bella, Spijkers, Rik, Sputowska, Iwona Anna, Staa, Joey, Stachel, Johanna, Stan, Ionel, Steffanic, Patrick John, Stiefelmaier, Stephan, Stocco, Diego, Storehaug, Ida, Stratmann, Peter, Strazzi, Sofia, Sturniolo, Alessandro, Pliatskas Stylianidis, Christos, Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo, Suire, Christophe Pierre, Sukhanov, Mikhail, Šuljić, Miljenko, Sultanov, Rishat, Sumberia, Vikash, Sumowidagdo, Suharyo, Swain, Sagarika, Szarka, Imrich, Szymkowski, Maciej, Taghavi, Seyed Farid, Taillepied, Guillaume, Takahashi, Jun, Tambave, Ganesh Jagannath, Tang, Siyu, Tang, Zebo, Tapia Takaki, Jesus Daniel, Tapus, Nicolae, Tarasovicova, Lucia Anna, Tarzila, Madalina-Gabriela, Tassielli, Giovanni Francesco, Tauro, Arturo, Tejeda Muñoz, Guillermo, Telesca, Adriana, Terlizzi, Livia, Terrevoli, Cristina, Thakur, Sanchari, Thomas, Deepa, Tikhonov, Anatoly, Tiltmann, Nicolas, Timmins, Anthony Robert, Tkacik, Milan, Tkacik, Tomas, Toia, Alberica, Tokumoto, Ryoka, Tomohiro, Keisuke, Topilskaya, Nataliya, Toppi, Marco, Tork, Theraa M.A., Vargas Torres, Paola, Valencia Torres, Victor, Torres Ramos, Arianna Grisel, Trifiro, Antonio, Triolo, Andrea Sofia, Tripathy, Sushanta, Tripathy, Tulika, Trogolo, Stefano, Trubnikov, Victor, Trzaska, Wladyslaw Henryk, Trzcinski, Tomasz Piotr, Tumkin, Alexandr, Turrisi, Rosario, Tveter, Trine Spedstad, Ullaland, Kjetil, Ulukutlu, Berkin, Uras, Antonio, Usai, Gianluca, Vala, Martin, Valle, Nicolò, Doremalen, Lennart Vincent Rogier van, Leeuwen, Marco van, Van Veen, Casper Arie, Weelden, Roelof Jan Gijs van, Vyvre, Pierre vande, Varga, Dezsö, Varga, Zoltán, Vasileiou, Maria, Vasiliev, Andrey, Vazquez Doce, Oton, Vazquez Rueda, Omar, Vechernin, Vladimir, Vercellin, Ermanno, Vergara Limon, Sergio, Verma, Rahul, Vermunt, Lucas Anne, Vértesi, Róbert, Verweij, Marta, Vicković, Linda, Vilakazi, Zabulon, Villalobos Baillie, Orlando, Villani, Anna, Vinogradov, Alexander, Virgili, Tiziano, Virta, Maxim Mikael Olavi, Vislavicius, Vytautas, Vodopyanov, Alexander, Voelkel, Benedikt, Volkl, Martin Andreas, Voloshin, Kirill, Voloshin, Sergei, Volpe, Giacomo, Haller, Barthélémy von, Vorobyev, Ivan, Vozniuk, Nikita, Vrlakova, Janka, Wan, Jie, Wang, Chunzheng, Wang, Dongfang, Wang, Yuanzhe, Wang, Yubiao, Wegrzynek, Adam Tadeusz, Weiglhofer, Felix Thomas, Wenzel, Sandro Christian, Wessels, Johannes P., Wiechula, Jens, Wikne, Jon, Wilk, Grzegorz Andrzej, Wilkinson, Jeremy John, Willems, Guido Alexander, Windelband, Bernd, Winn, Michael, Wright, Josephina Rae, Wu, Wenya, Wu, Yitao, Xu, Ran, Yadav, Ankur, Yadav, Arun Kumar, Yalcin Kuzu, Serpil, Yamaguchi, Yorito, Yang, Shiming, Yano, Satoshi, Yin, Zhongbao, Yoo, In-Kwon, Yoon, Jin Hee, Yu, Hyeonjin, Yuan, Shiming, Yüncü, Alperen, Zaccolo, Valentina, Zampolli, Chiara, Zanone, Federica, Zardoshti, Nima, Zarochentsev, Andrey, Závada, Petr, Zavyalov, Nikolay, Zhalov, Mikhail, Zhang, Biao, Zhang, Chi, Zhang, Liuyao, Zhang, Song, Zhang, Xiaoming, Zhang, Yifei, Zhang, Zhen, Zhao, Mingrui, Zherebchevskii, Vladimir, Yu, Zhi, Zhou, Daicui, Zhou, You, Zhu, Jianhui, Zhu, Ya, Zugravel, Stefan Cristi, and Zurlo, Nicola

Abstract

The Chiral Magnetic Wave (CMW) phenomenon is essential to provide insights into the strong interaction in QCD, the properties of the quark-gluon plasma, and the topological characteristics of the early universe, offering a deeper understanding of fundamental physics in high-energy collisions. Measurements of the charge-dependent anisotropic flow coefficients are studied in Pb-Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN−−−√= 5.02 TeV to probe the CMW. In particular, the slope of the normalized difference in elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) flow coefficients of positively and negatively charged particles as a function of their event-wise normalized number difference, is reported for inclusive and identified particles. The slope rNorm3 is found to be larger than zero and to have a magnitude similar to rNorm2, thus pointing to a large background contribution for these measurements. Furthermore, rNorm2 can be described by a blast wave model calculation that incorporates local charge conservation. In addition, using the event shape engineering technique yields a fraction of CMW (fCMW) contribution to this measurement which is compatible with zero. This measurement provides the very first upper limit for fCMW, and in the 10-60% centrality interval it is found to be 26% (38%) at 95% (99.7%) confidence level.

Published
2024

50. Search for the decay $B^{0}\to\gamma\gamma$ using Belle and Belle II data

Author

Belle, Collaborations, Belle II, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Said, S. Al, Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Belous, K., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Borah, J., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasxoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dorner, D., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Gudkova, K., Haide, I., Han, Y., Hara, T., Harris, C., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, J., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Lee, M. J., Lemettais, C., Leo, P., Levit, D., Li, L. K., Li, S. X., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liptak, Z., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Mohanty, G. B., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niiyama, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, J., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Prudiiev, I., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Reuter, L., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schneider, S., Schnell, G., Schnepf, M., Schoenning, K., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Vossen, A., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xie, Y., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y. M., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zeng, F., Zhang, B., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhukova, V. I., Žlebčík, R., Belle, Collaborations, Belle II, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Said, S. Al, Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Belous, K., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Borah, J., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasxoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dorner, D., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Gudkova, K., Haide, I., Han, Y., Hara, T., Harris, C., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, J., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Lee, M. J., Lemettais, C., Leo, P., Levit, D., Li, L. K., Li, S. X., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liptak, Z., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Mohanty, G. B., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niiyama, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, J., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. 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Abstract

We report the result of a search for the rare decay $B^{0} \to \gamma \gamma$ using a combined dataset of $753\times10^{6}$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs collected by the Belle experiment and $387\times10^{6}$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs collected by the Belle II experiment from decays of the $\rm \Upsilon(4S)$ resonance produced in $e^{+}e^{-}$ collisions. A simultaneous fit to the Belle and Belle II data sets yields $11.0^{+6.5}_{-5.5}$ signal events, corresponding to a 2.5$\sigma$ significance. We determine the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B^{0} \to \gamma\gamma) = (3.7^{+2.2}_{-1.8}(\rm stat)\pm0.5(\rm syst))\times10^{-8}$ and set a 90% credibility level upper limit of $\mathcal{B}(B^{0} \to \gamma\gamma) < 6.4\times10^{-8}$.

Published
2024

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