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[spa] El texto discute el impacto de la infección por VIH en la presentación de diversas enfermedades infecciosas, centrándose en la sífilis. En el contexto de la infección por el VIH, la sífilis puede manifestarse de manera diferente, especialmente en sus etapas tempranas y secundarias. Una forma rara y agresiva de sífilis secundaria, conocida como sífilis maligna, es más común en pacientes con VIH y afecta predominantemente a los hombres. Esta forma se caracteriza por una lesión rupioide o rupia sifilítica única. En el caso de la sífilis maligna precoz, la lesión fundamental es una pápula ancha con una costra marrón en el centro, que cubre una úlcera subyacente con abundante secreción purulenta. El texto concluye con el caso de un paciente VIH positivo que desarrolló lesiones rupioides, como manifestación de sífilis secundaria., [eng] The text discusses the impact of HIV infection on the presentation of various infectious diseases, focusing on syphilis. In the context of HIV infection, syphilis can manifest differently, especially in its early and secondary stages. A rare and aggressive form of secondary syphilis, known as malignant syphilis, is more common in HIV patients and predominantly affects men. This form is characterized by a single rupioid lesion or syphilitic rupia. In the case of early malignant syphilis, the fundamental lesion is a broad papule with a brown crust in the center, covering an underlying ulcer with abundant purulent discharge. The text concludes with the case of an HIV-positive patient who developed rupioid lesions as a manifestation of secondary syphilis.

This paper presents case studies for replacing diesel generators (DGs) that are used as the main and emergency power sources for alternating current (AC) auxiliary services in substations (SS) within the transmission network (voltage greater than or equal to 230 kV). The objective of this research is to present a solution that is more reliable, environmentally friendly, and financially viable than DGs. To achieve this, the proposed solutions incorporate Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) with or without the integration of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. These solutions were simulated using the HOMER PRO Version 3.14.5 software for the Messias SS /AL, and the results were analyzed and compared to the DG in terms of reliability, financial viability, and environmental impact. Based on the conducted analyses, the BESS solution with the PV system was found to be the most suitable for the main source. However, in the case of the emergency source, if one of the main sources is a DG/BESS, maintaining the emergency DG is the preferable option. If both main sources are independent, the BESS solution with the PV system is a suitable solution.

In the search for mollicutes in wild birds, six Mycoplasma strains were isolated from tracheal swabs taken from four different species of seabirds. Four strains originated from three Yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) and a Cory's shearwater (Calonectris borealis) from Spain, one from a South African Kelp gull (Larus dominicanus), and one from an Italian Black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus). These Mycoplasma strains presented 99 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values with Mycoplasma (M.) gallisepticum. Phylogenetic analyses of marker genes (16S rRNA gene and rpoB) confirmed the close relationship of the strains to M. gallisepticum and M. tullyi. The seabirds' strains grew well in modified Hayflick medium, and colonies showed typical fried egg morphology. They produced acid from glucose and mannose but did not hydrolyze arginine or urea. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a cell morphology characteristic of mycoplasmas, presenting spherical to flask-shaped cells with an attachment organelle. Gliding motility was also observed. Furthermore, serological tests, MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry and genomic studies demonstrated that the strains were different to any known Mycoplasma species, for which the name Mycoplasma bradburyae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is T158T (DSM 110708 = NCTC 14398).

Introduction: New Filipino American Scholarship on the Marcos Era

Introduction: New Filipino American Scholarship on the Marcos Era

The Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary transition is widely distributed within the West Cameros Basin. This horizon is constituted by the Tera Group, consisting of two depositional sequences (DS1 and DS2) comprising four geological formations spanning the Tithonian to the Berriasian. Here, a combined sedimentological and palynostratigraphic study was made covering the Tera Group. The sedimentological results for the DS 1 differentiate three facies associations (FA 1-1, 1-2 and 1-3) corresponding to floodplains and braided channels of a distributive fluvial system shifting to shallow lacustrine facies in a semi-arid climate. For the DS 2, three FA were also differentiated (FA 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3), corresponding to tidal-influenced meandering channels and floodplains in a distal fluvial to a delta-plain system that shifts to shallow lacustrine facies. The palynological results were only productive in samples from the Jaramillo Formation. The palynological record shows an assemblage dominated by spores including Concavissimisporites, Leptolepidites and Taurocusporites, as well as Classopollis pollen. According to the stratigraphic ranges of some selected taxa, the suggested chronostratigraphic assignment is lower Berriasian for the Jaramillo Fm. A comparison of the microfloras from the Tithonian–Berriasian recorded in the Iberian Peninsula was carried out. The following observations can be concluded: 1) the change in the plant communities, already observed since the Late Jurassic onwards, became more pronounced between the Tithonian–Berriasian boundary and the late Berriasian; and 2) a noteworthy occurrence of some biostratigraphically important taxa, specifically for the Tithonian–Berriasian interval., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Xunta de Galicia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, European Union, UNiversidad de Vigo, Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Depto. de Mineralogía y Petrología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

Influenza A viruses can cause a serious future threat due to frequent mutations. Amantadine and rimantadine drugs inhibit influenza A M2 wild-type (WT; bearing in the protein M2 proton channel serine at position-31) viruses by binding and blocking M2 WT channel-mediated proton current. The resistant to these drugs influenza A viruses bearing the S31N mutant in the M2 proton channel can be inhibited by amantadine – aryl conjugates, in which amantadine and an aryl group are linked through a methylene, which block M2 S31N channel-mediated proton current. However, the M2 amantadine/rimantadine resistant viruses bearing one of the four mutations L26F, V27A, A30T, G34E in residues that line the M2 channel pore pose an additional concern for public health. Here, we designed 33 compounds based on the structure of three previously published and potent amantadine-aryl conjugates against M2 S31N virus, by replacing amantadine with 16 amantadine variants. The compounds were tested against M2 WT and the five M2 amantadine resistant viruses aiming at identifying inhibitors against multiple M2 mutant – amantadine resistant viruses. We identified 16 compounds that inhibited in vitro two influenza A viruses with M2 WT or L26F channels. Additionally, compounds 21 or 32 or 33, which are conjugates of the rimantadine variant with CMe2 (instead of CHMe in rimantadine) or the diamantylamine or the 4-(1-adamantyl)benzenamine with the 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl aryl group, were in vitro inhibitors against three influenza A viruses with M2 WT or L26F or S31N, while compound 21 inhibited also in vitro the M2 G34E virus and compound 32 inhibited also in vitro the M2 A30T virus. Also, using electrophysiology, we showed that compound 21 was an efficient blocker of the M2 WT and M2 L26F channels, compound 32 blocked efficiently the M2 WT channel and compound 33 blocked the M2 WT, L26F and V27A channels. The drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics studies showed that these compounds need further opti

The Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary transition is widely distributed within the West Cameros Basin. This horizon is constituted by the Tera Group, consisting of two depositional sequences (DS1 and DS2) comprising four geological formations spanning the Tithonian to the Berriasian. Here, a combined sedimentological and palynostratigraphic study was made covering the Tera Group. The sedimentological results for the DS 1 differentiate three facies associations (FA 1-1, 1-2 and 1-3) corresponding to floodplains and braided channels of a distributive fluvial system shifting to shallow lacustrine facies in a semi-arid climate. For the DS 2, three FA were also differentiated (FA 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3), corresponding to tidal-influenced meandering channels and floodplains in a distal fluvial to a delta-plain system that shifts to shallow lacustrine facies. The palynological results were only productive in samples from the Jaramillo Formation. The palynological record shows an assemblage dominated by spores including Concavissimisporites, Leptolepidites and Taurocusporites, as well as Classopollis pollen. According to the stratigraphic ranges of some selected taxa, the suggested chronostratigraphic assignment is lower Berriasian for the Jaramillo Fm. A comparison of the microfloras from the Tithonian–Berriasian recorded in the Iberian Peninsula was carried out. The following observations can be concluded: 1) the change in the plant communities, already observed since the Late Jurassic onwards, became more pronounced between the Tithonian–Berriasian boundary and the late Berriasian; and 2) a noteworthy occurrence of some biostratigraphically important taxa, specifically for the Tithonian–Berriasian interval., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Xunta de Galicia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, European Union, UNiversidad de Vigo, Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Depto. de Mineralogía y Petrología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

We describe new evidences of plant-insect interactions from the Late Pennsylvanian of northern Iberian Peninsula (Leon, Spain). We document nine different Damage Types (DTs) among 216 fossil plant specimens. The interactions include four different Functional Feeding Groups (FFGs), including margin feeding (DT12 and DT13), hole feeding (DT09), galling (DT33, DT80, and DT116), and oviposition (DT67, DT100, and DT102) on Pteridophytes, Pteridospermatophytes, and Coniferophytes. Margin feeding and hole feeding were identified on different species of Polymorphopteris (P. polymorpha, P. cf. pseudobucklandii, and P. integra); galling on Mixoneura wagneri, Pecopteris apicalis, and Oligocarpia gutbieri; and oviposition on Polymorphopteris integra, Cordaites cf. angulostriatus and Polymorphopteris cf. integra. The oviposition scars represent the oldest record of oviposition from the Iberian Peninsula so far. In addition, it is the first evidence of plant-insect interactions on Oligocarpia and Polymorphopteris leaves in the area. These evidences reveal various ecological interactions between different groups of plants and insects in the Late Pennsylvanian forests of Spain, suggesting that these plants were a relevant source of food and lodge for a variety of arthropods (mainly insects). We also explore the possible culprits of these damages and the climatic implications.

[ES] Las abejas son un grupo extremadamente diverso con más de 1000 especies descritas en la península ibérica. Además, son excelentes polinizadores y aportan numerosos servicios ecosistémicos fundamentales para la mayoría de ecosistemas terrestres. Debido a los diversos cambios ambientales inducidos por el ser humano, existen evidencias del declive de algunas de sus poblaciones para ciertas especies. Sin embargo, conocemos muy poco del estado de conservación de la mayoría de especies y de muchas de ellas ignoramos cuál es su distribución en la península ibérica. En este trabajo presentamos un esfuerzo colaborativo para crear una base de datos de ocurrencias de abejas que abarca la península ibérica e islas Baleares que permitirá resolver cuestiones como la distribución de las diferentes especies, preferencia de hábitat, fenología o tendencias históricas. En su versión actual, esta base de datos contiene un total de 87 684 registros de 923 especies recolectados entre 1830 y 2022, de los cuales un 87% presentan información georreferenciada. Para cada registro se incluye información relativa a la localidad de muestreo (89%), identificador y colector de la especie (64%), fecha de captura (54%) y planta donde se recolectó (20%). Creemos que esta base de datos es el punto de partida para conocer y conservar mejor la biodiversidad de abejas en la península ibérica e Islas Baleares, [EN] Bees are a diverse group with more than 1000 species known from the Iberian Peninsula. They have increasingly received special attention due to their important role as pollinators and providers of ecosystem services. In addition, various rapid human-induced environmental changes are leading to the decline of some of its populations. However, we know very little about the conservation status of most species and for many species, we hardly know their true distributions across the Iberian Peninsula. Here, we present a collaborative effort to collate and curate a database of Iberian bee occurrences to answer questions about their distribution, habitat preference, phenology, or historical trends. In total we have accumulated 87 684 records from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands of 923 different species with 87% of georeferenced records collected between 1830 and 2022. In addition, each record has associated information such as the sampling location (89%), collector and person who identified the species (64%), date of the capture (54%) and plant species where the bees were captured (20%). We believe that this database is the starting point to better understand and conserve bee biodiversity in the Iberian Peninsula.

We describe new evidences of plant-insect interactions from the Late Pennsylvanian of northern Iberian Peninsula (Leon, Spain). We document nine different Damage Types (DTs) among 216 fossil plant specimens. The interactions include four different Functional Feeding Groups (FFGs), including margin feeding (DT12 and DT13), hole feeding (DT09), galling (DT33, DT80, and DT116), and oviposition (DT67, DT100, and DT102) on Pteridophytes, Pteridospermatophytes, and Coniferophytes. Margin feeding and hole feeding were identified on different species of Polymorphopteris (P. polymorpha, P. cf. pseudobucklandii, and P. integra); galling on Mixoneura wagneri, Pecopteris apicalis, and Oligocarpia gutbieri; and oviposition on Polymorphopteris integra, Cordaites cf. angulostriatus and Polymorphopteris cf. integra. The oviposition scars represent the oldest record of oviposition from the Iberian Peninsula so far. In addition, it is the first evidence of plant-insect interactions on Oligocarpia and Polymorphopteris leaves in the area. These evidences reveal various ecological interactions between different groups of plants and insects in the Late Pennsylvanian forests of Spain, suggesting that these plants were a relevant source of food and lodge for a variety of arthropods (mainly insects). We also explore the possible culprits of these damages and the climatic implications.

[Abstract] The management of a UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) requires a vast wealth of miscellaneous scientific knowledge that can be successfully organised using a Geographical Information System (GIS). This paper presents a pragmatic GIS database to assist in the suitable governance of the Courel Mountains UGGp (2017) in Northwest Spain. The database is structured in 66 coverages compiled from public sources and previous works or produced through traditional mapping (combining fieldwork and photointerpretation) and GIS tools. The acquired data was later homogenised and validated by a multidisciplinary team and archived in independent coverages. Forty thematic maps illustrate the broad range of cartographic information included in the GIS database. Among them, 25 basic maps provide an overview of the UGGp and 15 new maps focus on crosscutting and technical issues. All maps illustrate the huge potential of GIS to create new resources combining coverages and adapting the legend according to their purpose and audience. The database facilitates the suitable publishing of consistent outputs (e.g., brochures, books, panels, webpages, web serves), as well as the elaboration of technical data to assist the park management. The database furnishes information on the design of education actions, touristic routes, activities and Geopark facilities. The GIS database is also a supportive tool for scientific research and provides the necessary knowledge to conduct geoconservation actions based on land use, geological hazards and the occurrence of natural and cultural heritages. Altogether, the GIS database constitutes a powerful instrument for policy-making, facilitating the identification and evaluation of alternative strategy plans.

The Spanish Courel Mountains UNESCO Global Geopark has strong educational and touristic resources despite limited preservation of Paleozoic invertebrate fossil assemblages within metamorphic rocks. The paleontological sites are managed by means of their inventory and integration in a Geographical Information System, the construction of virtual 3D fossil models, the creation of a fossil collection exhibition, the transport of large boulders with fossils to places such as tourist offices, and hiking trails to see ichnofossils. To enable geoconservation, the Palaeozoic paleontological sites are neither promoted nor frequently visited. Fossils found in the Geopark by paleontologists and fortuitously by local people or hikers are deposited and safeguarded in the Geological Museum and are available for eventual exhibition and paleontological studies., Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

In the northern Iberian Peninsula, the Pyrenean-Cantabrian orogenic belt extends E-W for ca. 1000 km between the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. This orogen developed from the collision between Iberia and Eurasia, mainly in Cenozoic times. Lower-middle Permian sediments crop out in small, elongated basins traditionally considered independent from each other due to misinterpretations on incomplete lithostratigraphic data and scarce radiometric ages. Here, we integrate detailed stratigraphic, sedimentary, tectonic, paleosol and magmatic data from well-dated lithostratigraphic units. Our data reveal a similar geodynamic evolution across the Pyrenean-Cantabrian Ranges at the end of the Variscan cycle. Lower-middle Permian basins started their development under an extensional regime related to the end of the Variscan Belt collapse, which stars in late Carboniferous times in the Variscan hinterland. This orogenic collapse transitioned to Pangea breakup at the middle Permian times in the study region. Sedimentation occurred as three main tectono-sedimentary extensional phases. A first phase (Asselian-Sakmarian), which may have even started at the end of the Carboniferous (Gzhelian) in some sections, is mainly represented by alluvial sedimentation associated with calc-alkaline magmatism. A second stage (late Artinskian–early Kungurian), represented by alluvial, lacustrine and palustrine sediments with intercalations of calc-alkaline volcanic beds, shows a clear upward aridification trend probably related to the late Paleozoic icehouse-greenhouse transition. The third and final stage (Wordian-Capitanian) comprised of alluvial deposits with intercalations of alkaline and mafic beds, rarely deposited in the Cantabrian Mountains, and underwent significant pre- and Early Mesozoic erosion in some segments of the Pyrenees. This third stage can be related to a transition towards the Pangea Supercontinent breakup, not generalized until the Early/Middle Triassic at this latitud, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

This study presents new palynological and sedimentological data concerning the Upper Triassic outcrop El Atance (Guadalajara province, Spain). This fossil site has provided a unique and unprecedented concentration of reptile skeletons from the Late Triassic in the Iberian Peninsula, which are almost complete, articulated and preserved in three dimensions. It is the type locality of the simosaurid nothosauroid Paludidraco multidentatus and the henodontid placodont Parahenodus atancensis, being the only species of these clades represented with some certainty in the Iberian record. Although these reptiles are often linked to shallow marine environments, little is known about the sedimentary environment where they became fossilized. Furthermore, to compare these remains with those from other areas of Europe, greater precision in their age assignment is necessary. The new palynological data provided in this study allows us to assign a precise age, in addition to other data such as a probable plant community, palaeoecology, and palaeoclimatic conditions. This information together with the geological and sedimentological data and the new isolated sauropterygian remains studied, allow a better understanding of the local palaeogeography and the evolutionary history of the vertebrates found in the El Atance fossil site., Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deportes of Castilla-La Mancha, Gobierno de Galicia, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Universidade de Vigo/CISUG, Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

The Spanish Courel Mountains UNESCO Global Geopark has strong educational and touristic resources despite limited preservation of Paleozoic invertebrate fossil assemblages within metamorphic rocks. The paleontological sites are managed by means of their inventory and integration in a Geographical Information System, the construction of virtual 3D fossil models, the creation of a fossil collection exhibition, the transport of large boulders with fossils to places such as tourist offices, and hiking trails to see ichnofossils. To enable geoconservation, the Palaeozoic paleontological sites are neither promoted nor frequently visited. Fossils found in the Geopark by paleontologists and fortuitously by local people or hikers are deposited and safeguarded in the Geological Museum and are available for eventual exhibition and paleontological studies., Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

In the northern Iberian Peninsula, the Pyrenean-Cantabrian orogenic belt extends E-W for ca. 1000 km between the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. This orogen developed from the collision between Iberia and Eurasia, mainly in Cenozoic times. Lower-middle Permian sediments crop out in small, elongated basins traditionally considered independent from each other due to misinterpretations on incomplete lithostratigraphic data and scarce radiometric ages. Here, we integrate detailed stratigraphic, sedimentary, tectonic, paleosol and magmatic data from well-dated lithostratigraphic units. Our data reveal a similar geodynamic evolution across the Pyrenean-Cantabrian Ranges at the end of the Variscan cycle. Lower-middle Permian basins started their development under an extensional regime related to the end of the Variscan Belt collapse, which stars in late Carboniferous times in the Variscan hinterland. This orogenic collapse transitioned to Pangea breakup at the middle Permian times in the study region. Sedimentation occurred as three main tectono-sedimentary extensional phases. A first phase (Asselian-Sakmarian), which may have even started at the end of the Carboniferous (Gzhelian) in some sections, is mainly represented by alluvial sedimentation associated with calc-alkaline magmatism. A second stage (late Artinskian–early Kungurian), represented by alluvial, lacustrine and palustrine sediments with intercalations of calc-alkaline volcanic beds, shows a clear upward aridification trend probably related to the late Paleozoic icehouse-greenhouse transition. The third and final stage (Wordian-Capitanian) comprised of alluvial deposits with intercalations of alkaline and mafic beds, rarely deposited in the Cantabrian Mountains, and underwent significant pre- and Early Mesozoic erosion in some segments of the Pyrenees. This third stage can be related to a transition towards the Pangea Supercontinent breakup, not generalized until the Early/Middle Triassic at this latitud, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

This study presents new palynological and sedimentological data concerning the Upper Triassic outcrop El Atance (Guadalajara province, Spain). This fossil site has provided a unique and unprecedented concentration of reptile skeletons from the Late Triassic in the Iberian Peninsula, which are almost complete, articulated and preserved in three dimensions. It is the type locality of the simosaurid nothosauroid Paludidraco multidentatus and the henodontid placodont Parahenodus atancensis, being the only species of these clades represented with some certainty in the Iberian record. Although these reptiles are often linked to shallow marine environments, little is known about the sedimentary environment where they became fossilized. Furthermore, to compare these remains with those from other areas of Europe, greater precision in their age assignment is necessary. The new palynological data provided in this study allows us to assign a precise age, in addition to other data such as a probable plant community, palaeoecology, and palaeoclimatic conditions. This information together with the geological and sedimentological data and the new isolated sauropterygian remains studied, allow a better understanding of the local palaeogeography and the evolutionary history of the vertebrates found in the El Atance fossil site., Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deportes of Castilla-La Mancha, Gobierno de Galicia, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Universidade de Vigo/CISUG, Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

Two experiments were conducted to compare a supplemental blend of essential oils alone (EO) or combined with enzymes (EO + ENZ) versus virginiamycin (VM), on characteristics of growth performance (Exp. 1) and digestion (Exp. 2) in finishing lambs. Lambs were fed a high-energy finishing diet supplemented with: (1) no supplement (control); (2) 150 mg supplemental EO; (3) 150 mg supplemental EO plus 560 mg alpha-amylase (EO + ENZ); and 4) 25 mg VM. Compared with the control, growth performance response to EO and VM were similar, enhancing (5.7%, p < 0.05) feed efficiency and observed dietary net energy. Compared with control, supplementation with EO + ENZ tended (p = 0.09) to increase dry matter intake (6.8%), improving (p < 0.05) weight gain and feed efficiency (10.4 and 4.4%, respectively). Dietary energy utilization was greater (2.7%, p < 0.05) for EO and VM than EO + ENZ. Treatment effects on the carcass and visceral mass were small, but additive supplementation decreased (p ≤ 0.03) the relative weight of the intestines. There were no treatment effects on measures of digestion nor digestible energy of the diet. Supplemental EO may be an effective alternative to VM in high-energy finishing diets for feedlot lambs. Combination EO + ENZ may further enhance dry matter intake, promoting increased weight gain.

The aim of this trial was to test the effects of the use of eubiotics (pro- and prebiotics) alone or in combination in the diet of lambs finished under subtropical climate conditions. For this purpose, 40 Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs (29.5 ± 4.8 kg initial live weight) were used in a 93 day growth-performance experiment. Dietary treatments consisted of a cracked corn-based finishing diet supplemented with (1) no eubiotics (control), (2) 3 g of probiotics (live Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SC), (3) 3 g of prebiotics (mannan oligosaccharide plus b-glucans, MOS), and (4) a combination of 1.5 g of SC and 1.5 g of MOS (SC+MOS). Throughout the study, the average temperature humidity index (THI) was 78.60. Compared to controls, supplementation with SC or MOS, alone did not affect average daily gain (ADG), but enhanced feed efficiency by 5.6% and 6.9% (gain-to-feed ratio, G:F) and dietary net energy by 4.6% and 5.9%, respectively. Compared to controls, SC+MOS enhanced ADG (10%), G:F (9.5%), and dietary net energy (7.2%). Lambs fed SC+MOS had also greater ADG, G:F, and dietary net energy compared to lambs fed SC alone. When compared to MOS, the combination enhanced ADG (10.4%, p = 0.04). This effect could be attributed to the increased dry matter intake (7.6%, p = 0.06), as neither G:F nor dietary energy was significantly affected. Compared with controls and SC, supplementation with MOS alone and SC+MOS increased kidney-pelvic-heart fat, while SC supplementation tended (p = 0.08) to reduce 4.1% the relative intestinal mass (as a proportion of empty body weight) when compared to controls. Treatment effects on the other carcass measures were not significant. In the present study, supplemental probiotics and/or prebiotics improved dietary energetic efficiency in lambs finished under subtropical climatic conditions. The combination of probiotics with prebiotics reinforced this positive effect.

Two experiments were conducted to compare a supplemental blend of essential oils alone (EO) or combined with enzymes (EO + ENZ) versus virginiamycin (VM), on characteristics of growth performance (Exp. 1) and digestion (Exp. 2) in finishing lambs. Lambs were fed a high-energy finishing diet supplemented with: (1) no supplement (control); (2) 150 mg supplemental EO; (3) 150 mg supplemental EO plus 560 mg alpha-amylase (EO + ENZ); and 4) 25 mg VM. Compared with the control, growth performance response to EO and VM were similar, enhancing (5.7%, p < 0.05) feed efficiency and observed dietary net energy. Compared with control, supplementation with EO + ENZ tended (p = 0.09) to increase dry matter intake (6.8%), improving (p < 0.05) weight gain and feed efficiency (10.4 and 4.4%, respectively). Dietary energy utilization was greater (2.7%, p < 0.05) for EO and VM than EO + ENZ. Treatment effects on the carcass and visceral mass were small, but additive supplementation decreased (p ≤ 0.03) the relative weight of the intestines. There were no treatment effects on measures of digestion nor digestible energy of the diet. Supplemental EO may be an effective alternative to VM in high-energy finishing diets for feedlot lambs. Combination EO + ENZ may further enhance dry matter intake, promoting increased weight gain.

The aim of this trial was to test the effects of the use of eubiotics (pro- and prebiotics) alone or in combination in the diet of lambs finished under subtropical climate conditions. For this purpose, 40 Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs (29.5 ± 4.8 kg initial live weight) were used in a 93 day growth-performance experiment. Dietary treatments consisted of a cracked corn-based finishing diet supplemented with (1) no eubiotics (control), (2) 3 g of probiotics (live Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SC), (3) 3 g of prebiotics (mannan oligosaccharide plus b-glucans, MOS), and (4) a combination of 1.5 g of SC and 1.5 g of MOS (SC+MOS). Throughout the study, the average temperature humidity index (THI) was 78.60. Compared to controls, supplementation with SC or MOS, alone did not affect average daily gain (ADG), but enhanced feed efficiency by 5.6% and 6.9% (gain-to-feed ratio, G:F) and dietary net energy by 4.6% and 5.9%, respectively. Compared to controls, SC+MOS enhanced ADG (10%), G:F (9.5%), and dietary net energy (7.2%). Lambs fed SC+MOS had also greater ADG, G:F, and dietary net energy compared to lambs fed SC alone. When compared to MOS, the combination enhanced ADG (10.4%, p = 0.04). This effect could be attributed to the increased dry matter intake (7.6%, p = 0.06), as neither G:F nor dietary energy was significantly affected. Compared with controls and SC, supplementation with MOS alone and SC+MOS increased kidney-pelvic-heart fat, while SC supplementation tended (p = 0.08) to reduce 4.1% the relative intestinal mass (as a proportion of empty body weight) when compared to controls. Treatment effects on the other carcass measures were not significant. In the present study, supplemental probiotics and/or prebiotics improved dietary energetic efficiency in lambs finished under subtropical climatic conditions. The combination of probiotics with prebiotics reinforced this positive effect.

This article presents a case report to highlight the role that local contact tracing programs have in the identification of false-positive cases of COVID-19. On June 19, 2020, the contact tracing program of San Germán in Puerto Rico was notified about a woman (JB11) whose nasopharyngeal RT-PCR test result for COVID-19 was positive. JB11 reported that the initial test was performed on June 12 as part of a widespread screening program for COVID-19. On June 21, the Puerto Rico Department of Health (PRDH) issued a statement to the local media alleging a possible outbreak in San Germán. However, after further testing, JB11 was recategorized as an RT-PCR false-positive case. This false-positive result may have been caused by technical cross-contamination at any point along the sample chain of testing. JB11 suffered from psychological distress due to the mishandling of her case in the media by the PRDH. This case report serves to illustrate that a well-organized local contact tracing program can be effective in identifying false-positive RT-PCR cases and reducing the risk of contagion, as well as to help reduce personal distress and the burden on the healthcare system by building public trust through effective science and risk communication., Este artículo presenta un reporte de caso para resaltar el rol que los programas municipales de rastreo de casos tienen en identificar casos falsos positivos de COVID-19. El 19 de junio de 2020, el programa de rastreo de San Germán, Puerto Rico recibió una notificación de una mujer (JB11) con resultado positivo a prueba RT-PCR realizada el 12 de junio como parte de un evento de cribado extenso. El 21 de junio, el Departamento de Salud de Puerto Rico (DSPR) emitió un comunicado a los medios de comunicación alegando un posible brote en San Germán. Tras realizarse pruebas adicionales, el caso de JB11 fue recategorizado como uno falso positivo. Una contaminación cruzada en cualquier punto delproceso de manejo de la muestra pudo haber sido la causa del falso positivo. JB11 experimentó distrés debido al mal manejo de la información por el DSPR en los medios de comunicación.Este reporte ejemplifica como un programa municipal de rastreo bien estructurado puede ser eficaz en identificar falsos positivos a prueba RT-PCR y en reducir el riesgo de contagio, así como en ayudar a reducir el distrés y la carga al sistema sanitario generando confianza en la comunidad mediante lacomunicación efectiva basada en la evidencia.

Sterilization is a quite challenging step in the development of novel polymeric scaffolds for regenerative medicine since conventional sterilization techniques may significantly alter their morphological and physicochemical properties. Supercritical (sc) sterilization, i.e. the use of scCO2 as a sterilizing agent, emerges as a promising sterilization method due to the mild operational conditions and excellent penetration capability. In this work, a scCO2 protocol was implemented for the one-pot preparation and sterilization of poly(-caprolactone) (PCL)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds. The sterilization conditions were established after screening against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) vegetative bacteria and spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus atrophaeus. The transition from the sterilization conditions (140 bar, 39 °C) to the compressed foaming (60 bar, 26 °C) was performed through controlled depressurization (3.2 bar/min) and CO2 liquid flow. Controlled depressurization/pressurization cycles were subsequently applied. Using this scCO2 technology toolbox, sterile scaffolds of well-controlled pore architecture were obtained. This sterilization procedure successfully achieved not only SAL-6 against well-known resistant bacteria endospores but also improved the scaffold morphologies compared to standard gamma radiation sterilization procedures

This work focuses on the Olenekian-Anisian (Early-Middle Triassic) continental record of the Central-Eastern Pyrenean basin (NE Spain), a near-equator (10°-14°N) basin located in the western peri-Tethys margin, inside the Variscan fold-belt. Due to the mass mortality of the end-Permian and the subsequent Smithian-Spathian Boundary (SSB) crisis, the Early Triassic and its transition to the Middle Triassic was a time period with intermittent stages of environmental instability that affected fauna and flora intensely. Compared to other crisis, a remarkable feature is the longer time required to achive life recovery during this time-interval and the fact that continental environments have been less globally studied than their marine counterparts. Furthermore, in SW Europe there is almost no sedimentary continental record from the beginning of the Triassic. This multidisciplinary study, embracing sedimentology, mineralogy, palaeontology, palaeopedology and palaeogeography, of 10 complete and well dated Early-Middle Triassic field sections has allowed (1) the location and characterization of the oldest Mesozoic sedimentary record in the basin, which is of late Smithian age and overlies the late-middle Permian continental rocks and of (2) the Smithian-Spathian transition (SST), (3) the timing of life recovery during the late Spathian-Anisian, (4) the characterization of the first incursion of the Tethys sea into the basin, and (5) the comparison of the evolution of this basin with other basins of the same age in SW Europe. The SST coincides with hyper-arid climate conditions, evolving to semi-arid in the late Spathian and semi-arid to semi-humid in Anisian times. Poorly sorted breccias and conglomerate alluvial sheets with aeolian reworking dominate the SST, as a result of these environmental changes and tectonicsA broader comparison, based on stratigraphic studies by other authors, indicates less aridity in the basin studied compared to other SW Europe basins in the same, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

This work focuses on the Olenekian-Anisian (Early-Middle Triassic) continental record of the Central-Eastern Pyrenean basin (NE Spain), a near-equator (10°-14°N) basin located in the western peri-Tethys margin, inside the Variscan fold-belt. Due to the mass mortality of the end-Permian and the subsequent Smithian-Spathian Boundary (SSB) crisis, the Early Triassic and its transition to the Middle Triassic was a time period with intermittent stages of environmental instability that affected fauna and flora intensely. Compared to other crisis, a remarkable feature is the longer time required to achive life recovery during this time-interval and the fact that continental environments have been less globally studied than their marine counterparts. Furthermore, in SW Europe there is almost no sedimentary continental record from the beginning of the Triassic. This multidisciplinary study, embracing sedimentology, mineralogy, palaeontology, palaeopedology and palaeogeography, of 10 complete and well dated Early-Middle Triassic field sections has allowed (1) the location and characterization of the oldest Mesozoic sedimentary record in the basin, which is of late Smithian age and overlies the late-middle Permian continental rocks and of (2) the Smithian-Spathian transition (SST), (3) the timing of life recovery during the late Spathian-Anisian, (4) the characterization of the first incursion of the Tethys sea into the basin, and (5) the comparison of the evolution of this basin with other basins of the same age in SW Europe. The SST coincides with hyper-arid climate conditions, evolving to semi-arid in the late Spathian and semi-arid to semi-humid in Anisian times. Poorly sorted breccias and conglomerate alluvial sheets with aeolian reworking dominate the SST, as a result of these environmental changes and tectonicsA broader comparison, based on stratigraphic studies by other authors, indicates less aridity in the basin studied compared to other SW Europe basins in the same, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

Este documento presenta la evaluación de un método de clasificación de fallas en productos terminados utilizando la combinación de descriptores de color, forma y textura. Se utiliza una Máquina de Vectores de Soporte multiclase (SVM-Support Vector Machine) y se construye una base de datos anotada capturando botellas de plástico con 11 situaciones de fabricación entre botellas en buen estado y botellas con imperfectos como rasgaduras, golpes, hendiduras, etc; bajo diferentes condiciones no controladas (ruido, iluminación, escala, entre otras). La etapa de fusión propone una combinación lineal de características y para calcular el desempeño de descriptores y fusión de datos, se utilizó una metodología de validación cruzada aplicando el método de Montecarlo. La configuración de SVM utiliza la metodología multiclase “One-vs-All” con Kernel Radial Gaussiano. La detección se realiza inicialmente aplicando descriptores individuales y combinados.

Introduction: Effectiveness of e-learning diminishes without the support of a pedagogical model to guide its use. In minimally invasive surgery (MIS), this has been reported as a limitation when technology is used to deliver contents without a sound pedagogical background. Material and methods: We describe how a generic pedagogical model, the 3D pedagogy framework, can be used for setting learning outcomes and activities in e-learning platforms focused on MIS cognitive skills. A demonstrator course on Nissen fundoplication was developed following the model step-by-step in the MISTELA learning platform. Course design was informed by Kolb’s Experiential learning model. Content validation was performed by 13 MIS experts. Results: Ten experts agreed on the suitability of content structuring done according to the pedagogical model. All experts agreed that the course provides means to assess the intended learning outcomes. Conclusions: This work showcases how a general-purpose e-learning framework can be accommodated to the needs of MIS training without limiting the course designers’ pedagogical approach. Key advances for its success include: (1) proving the validity of the model in the wider scope of MIS skills and (2) raising awareness amongst stakeholders on the need of developing training plans with explicit, rather than assumed, pedagogical foundations. Abbreviations: MIS: minimally invasive surgery; TEL: technology enhanced learning., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology

Der Essay führt ‚Lachen‘ als formales Verfahren für die Analyse des queeren Kultklassikers Flaming Creatures (1962–1963) ein. Anhand der Trope der geschüttelten Genitalien und der selten diskutierten sich wiederholenden abstrakten Filmbilder wird dargestellt, wie Jack Smiths Kamerabewegungen und die sich vor Lachen schüttelnden Darstellenden Gelächter verkörpern. Mithilfe von George Batailles Schriften wird das Lachen im Verhältnis zu Erotik, Entfremdung, „niederem Materialismus“ und Philosophie erläutert. Eine genaue Lektüre der Rezeptionsgeschichte des Films demonstriert, wie Vorstellungen über dessen Darstellung von Gewalt, Sexualität und Geschlecht durch das Lachen präziser erfasst werden können. Das Verhältnis des Lachens zu Smiths fehlender kompositorischer Hierarchie sowie die Rolle des formalen und materiellen Verfalls in Flaming Creatures konkretisieren die Ästhetik der Zersetzung.

Este documento presenta la evaluación de un método de clasificación de fallas en productos terminados utilizando la combinación de descriptores de color, forma y textura. Se utiliza una Máquina de Vectores de Soporte multiclase (SVM-Support Vector Machine) y se construye una base de datos anotada capturando botellas de plástico con 11 situaciones de fabricación entre botellas en buen estado y botellas con imperfectos como rasgaduras, golpes, hendiduras, etc; bajo diferentes condiciones no controladas (ruido, iluminación, escala, entre otras). La etapa de fusión propone una combinación lineal de características y para calcular el desempeño de descriptores y fusión de datos, se utilizó una metodología de validación cruzada aplicando el método de Montecarlo. La configuración de SVM utiliza la metodología multiclase “One-vs-All” con Kernel Radial Gaussiano. La detección se realiza inicialmente aplicando descriptores individuales y combinados.

Este documento presenta la evaluación de un método de clasificación de fallas en productos terminados utilizando la combinación de descriptores de color, forma y textura. Se utiliza una Máquina de Vectores de Soporte multiclase (SVM-Support Vector Machine) y se construye una base de datos anotada capturando botellas de plástico con 11 situaciones de fabricación entre botellas en buen estado y botellas con imperfectos como rasgaduras, golpes, hendiduras, etc; bajo diferentes condiciones no controladas (ruido, iluminación, escala, entre otras). La etapa de fusión propone una combinación lineal de características y para calcular el desempeño de descriptores y fusión de datos, se utilizó una metodología de validación cruzada aplicando el método de Montecarlo. La configuración de SVM utiliza la metodología multiclase “One-vs-All” con Kernel Radial Gaussiano. La detección se realiza inicialmente aplicando descriptores individuales y combinados.

Este documento presenta la evaluación de un método de clasificación de fallas en productos terminados utilizando la combinación de descriptores de color, forma y textura. Se utiliza una Máquina de Vectores de Soporte multiclase (SVM-Support Vector Machine) y se construye una base de datos anotada capturando botellas de plástico con 11 situaciones de fabricación entre botellas en buen estado y botellas con imperfectos como rasgaduras, golpes, hendiduras, etc; bajo diferentes condiciones no controladas (ruido, iluminación, escala, entre otras). La etapa de fusión propone una combinación lineal de características y para calcular el desempeño de descriptores y fusión de datos, se utilizó una metodología de validación cruzada aplicando el método de Montecarlo. La configuración de SVM utiliza la metodología multiclase “One-vs-All” con Kernel Radial Gaussiano. La detección se realiza inicialmente aplicando descriptores individuales y combinados.

Este documento presenta la evaluación de un método de clasificación de fallas en productos terminados utilizando la combinación de descriptores de color, forma y textura. Se utiliza una Máquina de Vectores de Soporte multiclase (SVM-Support Vector Machine) y se construye una base de datos anotada capturando botellas de plástico con 11 situaciones de fabricación entre botellas en buen estado y botellas con imperfectos como rasgaduras, golpes, hendiduras, etc; bajo diferentes condiciones no controladas (ruido, iluminación, escala, entre otras). La etapa de fusión propone una combinación lineal de características y para calcular el desempeño de descriptores y fusión de datos, se utilizó una metodología de validación cruzada aplicando el método de Montecarlo. La configuración de SVM utiliza la metodología multiclase “One-vs-All” con Kernel Radial Gaussiano. La detección se realiza inicialmente aplicando descriptores individuales y combinados.

La gestión de riesgos requiere análisis, contextualización y propuestas para responder a factores internos y externos que impactan la consecución de los objetivos y limitan el aprovechamiento de las oportunidades. Esta investigación tiene como propósito ofrecer a empresarios una recopilación de herramientas prácticas que podrán ser ejecutadas para implementar, gestionar y hacer seguimiento al análisis de los riesgos empresariales. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con base en el marco de referencia planteado por COSO ERM (2017), IIA (2013) y la ISO 31000:2018. Se realizó un estudio de caso en una empresa colombiana, dedicada a la producción y distribución de alimentos, donde se aplicó a los miembros de la alta dirección un instrumento que permitió conocer la severidad del riesgo, así como el valor Phi consultado a los miembros de la Junta Directiva. Se concluye que la gestión de riesgos pasa a ser una actividad de aplicación común en las empresas que se empeñan en el incremento de su valor organizacional, donde el plan de continuidad de negocios es una respuesta efectiva para hacer frente a situaciones de crisis como la generada por el COVID-19.

Der Essay führt ‚Lachen‘ als formales Verfahren für die Analyse des queeren Kultklassikers Flaming Creatures (1962–1963) ein. Anhand der Trope der geschüttelten Genitalien und der selten diskutierten sich wiederholenden abstrakten Filmbilder wird dargestellt, wie Jack Smiths Kamerabewegungen und die sich vor Lachen schüttelnden Darstellenden Gelächter verkörpern. Mithilfe von George Batailles Schriften wird das Lachen im Verhältnis zu Erotik, Entfremdung, „niederem Materialismus“ und Philosophie erläutert. Eine genaue Lektüre der Rezeptionsgeschichte des Films demonstriert, wie Vorstellungen über dessen Darstellung von Gewalt, Sexualität und Geschlecht durch das Lachen präziser erfasst werden können. Das Verhältnis des Lachens zu Smiths fehlender kompositorischer Hierarchie sowie die Rolle des formalen und materiellen Verfalls in Flaming Creatures konkretisieren die Ästhetik der Zersetzung.

Introduction: Effectiveness of e-learning diminishes without the support of a pedagogical model to guide its use. In minimally invasive surgery (MIS), this has been reported as a limitation when technology is used to deliver contents without a sound pedagogical background. Material and methods: We describe how a generic pedagogical model, the 3D pedagogy framework, can be used for setting learning outcomes and activities in e-learning platforms focused on MIS cognitive skills. A demonstrator course on Nissen fundoplication was developed following the model step-by-step in the MISTELA learning platform. Course design was informed by Kolb’s Experiential learning model. Content validation was performed by 13 MIS experts. Results: Ten experts agreed on the suitability of content structuring done according to the pedagogical model. All experts agreed that the course provides means to assess the intended learning outcomes. Conclusions: This work showcases how a general-purpose e-learning framework can be accommodated to the needs of MIS training without limiting the course designers’ pedagogical approach. Key advances for its success include: (1) proving the validity of the model in the wider scope of MIS skills and (2) raising awareness amongst stakeholders on the need of developing training plans with explicit, rather than assumed, pedagogical foundations. Abbreviations: MIS: minimally invasive surgery; TEL: technology enhanced learning., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology

In the western European basins, the paleoflora of late Pennsylvanian-early Permian transition is still a matter of discussion in terms of its age determination and biostratigraphic ranges. This study represents a review of the Upper Carboniferous and Permian stratigraphy of the Central and Eastern Pyrenees from continental successions with interbedded volcanic-volcaniclastic rocks, coupling new palynological data and known palynological assemblages to calibrate them with recent SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages dates obtained in previous works. In this light, the first continental unit overlying the Variscan basement bears a Gzhelian palynological association, which fits perfectly with the isotopic SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of the associated pyroclastic rocks (304.6 ± 1.5 Ma and 300.4 ± 1.4 Ma). In order to provide a solid base to characterize the Carboniferous-Permian microflora evolution in the western Tethys sub-basins, we have compared radiometrically dated palynological assemblages of the Euramerican Province such as Spain, southern France, the Alps and Sardinia (Italy). The new biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic information presented here confirms the validity of the classical Carboniferous Palynological Zonation of Western Europe., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Xunta de Galicia, Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

In the western European basins, the paleoflora of late Pennsylvanian-early Permian transition is still a matter of discussion in terms of its age determination and biostratigraphic ranges. This study represents a review of the Upper Carboniferous and Permian stratigraphy of the Central and Eastern Pyrenees from continental successions with interbedded volcanic-volcaniclastic rocks, coupling new palynological data and known palynological assemblages to calibrate them with recent SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages dates obtained in previous works. In this light, the first continental unit overlying the Variscan basement bears a Gzhelian palynological association, which fits perfectly with the isotopic SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of the associated pyroclastic rocks (304.6 ± 1.5 Ma and 300.4 ± 1.4 Ma). In order to provide a solid base to characterize the Carboniferous-Permian microflora evolution in the western Tethys sub-basins, we have compared radiometrically dated palynological assemblages of the Euramerican Province such as Spain, southern France, the Alps and Sardinia (Italy). The new biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic information presented here confirms the validity of the classical Carboniferous Palynological Zonation of Western Europe., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Xunta de Galicia, Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

[ES] En el conjunto de estudios del estado del núcleo del reactor que deben realizarse para asegurar la seguridad e integridad del mismo a lo largo de un ciclo de operación, debe prestarse especial atención a los fenómenos producidos por la inserción de reactividades como, por ejemplo, los debidos a los movimientos de los grupos de barras de control, los cuales suelen estar predefinidos por el proveedor de la tecnología en las Especificaciones Técnicas de Funcionamiento. El presente trabajo realiza un estudio acerca de en qué medida la elección de un determinado criterio para el movimiento y selección de los grupos de barras de control puede provocar una determinada inserción de reactividad. De esta forma, se ha realizado un análisis sensibilidad de la reactividad provocada por la extracción o inserción de un determinado grupo de barras de control y su influencia en el estado del núcleo del reactor e incluso en su posible evolución en un transitorio. El estudio de los diferentes casos contemplados se ha realizado mediante el uso del código acoplado termohidráulico-neutrónico TRACE v5.0 patch 3/PARCS v3.0, siendo el modelo escogido representativo de los datos de planta que podríamos encontrar en un reactor comercial PWR.

[ES] En el conjunto de estudios del estado del núcleo del reactor que deben realizarse para asegurar la seguridad e integridad del mismo a lo largo de un ciclo de operación, debe prestarse especial atención a los fenómenos producidos por la inserción de reactividades como, por ejemplo, los debidos a los movimientos de los grupos de barras de control, los cuales suelen estar predefinidos por el proveedor de la tecnología en las Especificaciones Técnicas de Funcionamiento. El presente trabajo realiza un estudio acerca de en qué medida la elección de un determinado criterio para el movimiento y selección de los grupos de barras de control puede provocar una determinada inserción de reactividad. De esta forma, se ha realizado un análisis sensibilidad de la reactividad provocada por la extracción o inserción de un determinado grupo de barras de control y su influencia en el estado del núcleo del reactor e incluso en su posible evolución en un transitorio. El estudio de los diferentes casos contemplados se ha realizado mediante el uso del código acoplado termohidráulico-neutrónico TRACE v5.0 patch 3/PARCS v3.0, siendo el modelo escogido representativo de los datos de planta que podríamos encontrar en un reactor comercial PWR.

[ES] En el conjunto de estudios del estado del núcleo del reactor que deben realizarse para asegurar la seguridad e integridad del mismo a lo largo de un ciclo de operación, debe prestarse especial atención a los fenómenos producidos por la inserción de reactividades como, por ejemplo, los debidos a los movimientos de los grupos de barras de control, los cuales suelen estar predefinidos por el proveedor de la tecnología en las Especificaciones Técnicas de Funcionamiento. El presente trabajo realiza un estudio acerca de en qué medida la elección de un determinado criterio para el movimiento y selección de los grupos de barras de control puede provocar una determinada inserción de reactividad. De esta forma, se ha realizado un análisis sensibilidad de la reactividad provocada por la extracción o inserción de un determinado grupo de barras de control y su influencia en el estado del núcleo del reactor e incluso en su posible evolución en un transitorio. El estudio de los diferentes casos contemplados se ha realizado mediante el uso del código acoplado termohidráulico-neutrónico TRACE v5.0 patch 3/PARCS v3.0, siendo el modelo escogido representativo de los datos de planta que podríamos encontrar en un reactor comercial PWR.

Three different hybrid carbon xerogels containing Graphene Oxide (AXGO), Micronized Graphite (AXMG) and Carbon Black (AXCB) were synthesized using an easy, fast and affordable method. These three additives were initially selected to improve the electrical conductivity of the pristine activated carbon xerogel (AX) thus expecting to improve its performance in aqueous supercapacitors. Capacitances of the corresponding devices were measured as a function of current density and results of the high and low charge transfer regime of the supercapacitors were discussed separately. In both regimes, the differences observed between the hybrid electrodes were analyzed on the basis of the concurrent influence of the micro and mesoporosity, surface chemistry and electrical conductivity of the materials. Accordingly, even though all the hybrid carbon xerogels showed higher electrical conductivities, only AXGO rendered a better performance than AX, showing the highest capacitances in the whole interval of intensities studied. Consequently, at 16 A g−1, the energy and power densities of the AXGO supercapacitors increased up to 16% and 97%, respectively, with respect to AX, and of 143% and 409%, respectively, with respect to a commercial activated carbon used as reference. The performance of AXCB and, especially AXMG was worse than AX supercapacitors due to a combination of inadequate pore size distributions and/or a poor surface chemistry. Finally, TEM analysis helped to understand the different way the three additives were affecting the nanostructure (and final properties) of the hybrid carbon xerogels.

En los últimos años el consumo de alimentos funcionales ha crecido de manera significativa. El arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum) es una fuente importante de vitamina C, antocianinas y compuestos fenólicos que le confieren un alto valor antioxidante. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la influencia de diferentes agentes encapsulantes en la retención de la vitamina C en zumo de arándano atomizado. Se empleó frutos maduros de arándano azul para obtener el zumo que contenía 6,3 mg de vitamina C/100g, 13,1 °Bx, 0,9% de acidez total. Posteriormente fueron atomizados a 165 °C, velocidad del aire caliente 60 m/s y caudal de alimentación 0,127 mL/s. Se emplearon agentes encapsulantes como Goma Arábiga (GA) y Carragenina (C): 100% C; 100% GA; 50% C + 50% GA; 25% C + 75% GA; 75%C + 25% GA, obtenidos utilizando un diseño experimental de mezclas implementada Design Expert 7. El porcentaje de encapsulante en todas las formulaciones se fijó en 13,1% (contenido de solidos soluble del zumo). La formulación de 25% C y 75% GA permitió obtener la máxima retención de vitamina C (5,38 mg/100g), que representa un 85,9% de retención. El tipo de encapsulante influye en la retención de vitamina C durante el atomizado del zumo de arándano.

Recent changes in soybean management like the adoption of transgenic crops and no-till farming, in addition to the expansion of cultivated areas into new virgin frontiers, are some of the hypotheses that can explain the rise of secondary pests, such as the Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros, in Brazil. To better access the risk of increased pests like E. heros and to determine probabilities for insecticide resistance spreading, it is necessary first to access the levels of the genetic diversity, how the genetic diversity is distributed, and how natural selection is acting upon the natural variation. Using the genotyping by sequencing (GBS) technique, we generated ~60,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed across the E. heros genome to answer some of those questions. The SNP data was used to investigate the pattern of genetic structure, hybridization and natural selection of this emerging pest. We found that E. heros populations presented similar levels of genetic diversity with slightly higher values at several central locations in Brazil. Our results also showed strong genetic structure separating northern and southern Brazilian regions (FST = 0.22; p-value = 0.000) with a very distinct hybrid zone at the central region. The analyses also suggest the possibility that GABA channels and odorant receptors might play a role in the process of natural selection. At least one marker was associated with soybean and beans crops, but no association between allele frequency and cotton was found. We discuss the implications of these findings in the management of emerging pests in agriculture, particularly in the context of large areas of monoculture such as soybean and cotton.