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This quantitative, predictive correlational study investigated the influence of parental involvement on the academic performance of African American students in elementary school. This study is important in determining why African American academic scores and performance are low when compared to their White counterparts. The findings of this study will also be helpful to educational stakeholders, teachers, and the enrichment of existing literature; this is because the study provides more insight into how parental involvement in student learning can influence students' academic achievement. Participants for this study were sampled from elementary school parents/students via convenience sampling. The grade levels utilized include grades one through five, and the student gender included participating boys and girls from grades one through five. A sample of 108 students and their respective parents were selected from an African elementary school located in Lagos, Nigeria which offered both mathematics and language arts subjects. The researcher measured parental involvement using the Home-based Involvement Scale/Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS, and multiple regression was used to examine the differences in student achievement with and without parental involvement. The study found that high parental involvement increased students’ performance. It is recommended that all stakeholders focus more on getting parents involved in students' learning activities, both at school and at home.

Generic skills are part of learning skills that are applied to new and different situations, especially to certain principles of the learning process. Students' abilities improved due to changes in the process. Biology has complex concepts and problems that students must learn. Apart from that, many biological objects cannot be observed directly and are abstract. This research aims to analyze the mastery of generic science skills based on students' gender and class level so that the research results can be implemented in Biology learning. This research is descriptive research which uses a qualitative research method by taking data samples from questionnaires distributed to class XI and class X by taking samples in one class totaling 176 students. The sample is based on disproportionate stratified random sampling. It is known that the number of respondents who filled out the questionnaire based on class level was 76 people in class X and class Research shows that there is no difference in students' mastery of GSS based on gender, this can be seen from testing with Asymp scores. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.199. Apart from that, there is no difference in KGS mastery based on class level, this is reflected in Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.187, this indicates that generic science skills have the potential to be mastered before biology learning is carried out. Abstrak. Keterampilan generik merupakan bagian dari kecakapan pembelajaran yang diaplikasikan pada situasi baru dan berbeda terutama pada prinsip tertentu proses pembelajaran. Kemampuan peserta didik berkembang lantaran adanya perubahan proses tersebut. Biologi memiliki konsep dan permasalahan kompleks yang harus dipelajari oleh peserta didik. Selain itu banyak objek Biologi yang tidak dapat diamati secara langsung, bersifat abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengusaan Keterampilan generic sains berdasarkan jenis kelamin maupun tingkatan kelas peserta didik sehingga hasil penelitian dapat diimplementasikan dalam

Generic skills are part of learning skills that are applied to new and different situations, especially to certain principles of the learning process. Students' abilities improved due to changes in the process. Biology has complex concepts and problems that students must learn. Apart from that, many biological objects cannot be observed directly and are abstract. This research aims to analyze the mastery of generic science skills based on students' gender and class level so that the research results can be implemented in Biology learning. This research is descriptive research which uses a qualitative research method by taking data samples from questionnaires distributed to class XI and class X by taking samples in one class totaling 176 students. The sample is based on disproportionate stratified random sampling. It is known that the number of respondents who filled out the questionnaire based on class level was 76 people in class X and class Research shows that there is no difference in students' mastery of GSS based on gender, this can be seen from testing with Asymp scores. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.199. Apart from that, there is no difference in KGS mastery based on class level, this is reflected in Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.187, this indicates that generic science skills have the potential to be mastered before biology learning is carried out. Abstrak. Keterampilan generik merupakan bagian dari kecakapan pembelajaran yang diaplikasikan pada situasi baru dan berbeda terutama pada prinsip tertentu proses pembelajaran. Kemampuan peserta didik berkembang lantaran adanya perubahan proses tersebut. Biologi memiliki konsep dan permasalahan kompleks yang harus dipelajari oleh peserta didik. Selain itu banyak objek Biologi yang tidak dapat diamati secara langsung, bersifat abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengusaan Keterampilan generic sains berdasarkan jenis kelamin maupun tingkatan kelas peserta didik sehingga hasil penelitian dapat diimplementasikan dalam

Secondary education plays an important role in scientific literacy and, in it, beliefs in pseudoscience have a great relevance. For this reason, the objectives of this study focused on the evaluation of the level of adherence to pseudoscience beliefs of secondary school students, and on the analysis of the influence of gender, grade level and emotions generated in the science classroom on these beliefs. A total of 125 students from three different grades of Spanish secondary education (9th, 10th and 11th grade, between 14 and 17 years old) participated. Two questionnaires, one to evaluate pseudoscientific beliefs, and the other to determine the positive and negative emotions experienced in the science classroom, were administered to participants. From the results obtained through an analysis of the correlations between variables and a regression analysis, it can be concluded that: a) the level of pseudoscience beliefs of students is medium-low and comparable to that of other countries; b) only negative emotions and grade level of students have a significant influence on pseudoscience beliefs, and both have a similar contribution to the variability of these beliefs, La educación secundaria desempeña un importante papel en la alfabetización científica y, en ella, las creencias en pseudociencias tienen una gran relevancia. Por esta razón, los objetivos de este estudio se centraron en la evaluación del nivel de adhesión a las creencias en pseudociencias de los estudiantes de secundaria y en el análisis de la influencia del género, nivel académico y emociones generadas en el aula de ciencias sobre dichas creencias. Participaron 125 estudiantes de tres cursos diferentes de educación secundaria (3º y 4º de ESO, y 1º de Bachillerato, esto es, 9º, 10º y 11º grado). A todos ellos se les administraron dos cuestionarios, uno para evaluar las creencias pseudocientíficas y el otro para determinar las emociones, positivas y negativas, que se experimentan en las clases de ciencias. A partir de los resultados obtenidos mediante un análisis de las correlaciones entre variables y un análisis de regresión, se puede concluir que: a) el nivel de creencias en pseudociencias de los estudiantes es medio-bajo y comparable al de otros países; b) solo las emociones negativas y el nivel académico de los estudiantes influyen de forma significativa en las creencias en pseudociencias, y ambas tienen una contribución similar a la variabilidad de estas creencias.

Secondary education plays an important role in scientific literacy and, in it, beliefs in pseudoscience have a great relevance. For this reason, the objectives of this study focused on the evaluation of the level of adherence to pseudoscience beliefs of secondary school students, and on the analysis of the influence of gender, grade level and emotions generated in the science classroom on these beliefs. A total of 125 students from three different grades of Spanish secondary education (9th, 10th and 11th grade, between 14 and 17 years old) participated. Two questionnaires, one to evaluate pseudoscientific beliefs, and the other to determine the positive and negative emotions experienced in the science classroom, were administered to participants. From the results obtained through an analysis of the correlations between variables and a regression analysis, it can be concluded that: a) the level of pseudoscience beliefs of students is medium-low and comparable to that of other countries; b) only negative emotions and grade level of students have a significant influence on pseudoscience beliefs, and both have a similar contribution to the variability of these beliefs, La educación secundaria desempeña un importante papel en la alfabetización científica y, en ella, las creencias en pseudociencias tienen una gran relevancia. Por esta razón, los objetivos de este estudio se centraron en la evaluación del nivel de adhesión a las creencias en pseudociencias de los estudiantes de secundaria y en el análisis de la influencia del género, nivel académico y emociones generadas en el aula de ciencias sobre dichas creencias. Participaron 125 estudiantes de tres cursos diferentes de educación secundaria (3º y 4º de ESO, y 1º de Bachillerato, esto es, 9º, 10º y 11º grado). A todos ellos se les administraron dos cuestionarios, uno para evaluar las creencias pseudocientíficas y el otro para determinar las emociones, positivas y negativas, que se experimentan en las clases de ciencias. A partir de los resultados obtenidos mediante un análisis de las correlaciones entre variables y un análisis de regresión, se puede concluir que: a) el nivel de creencias en pseudociencias de los estudiantes es medio-bajo y comparable al de otros países; b) solo las emociones negativas y el nivel académico de los estudiantes influyen de forma significativa en las creencias en pseudociencias, y ambas tienen una contribución similar a la variabilidad de estas creencias.

For students in nursing colleges to develop necessary competencies as health care professionals and prevent post-graduation reality shock deterioration in the quality of care they provide, appropriate measures are needed in response to changes that occur as college years progress. In this study, mental health status, lifestyle, and various types of anxiety were investigated in 448 nursing college students during a four-year program in Japan. Students from each year of the program were surveyed with the K10 scale to measure mental health, and the Student Life Questionnaire to assess dietary habits, sleep duration, and exercise. Mean K10 scores for first-year students was 13.1, with 30% having anxiety about college life. Similarly, for second-year students the K10 score was 13.7, and compared to first-year students, rates of meal skipping and sleeping less increased. For third-year students, the K10 score (15.9) was higher than for other groups, as were their percentages of all items. Fourth-year students had a mean K10 score of 14.6, with a higher rate of meal skipping and feeling anxious about the future than other groups. These results suggest the need for support tailored to the characteristics of each year in the bachelor's program in nursing.

For students in nursing colleges to develop necessary competencies as health care professionals and prevent post-graduation reality shock deterioration in the quality of care they provide, appropriate measures are needed in response to changes that occur as college years progress. In this study, mental health status, lifestyle, and various types of anxiety were investigated in 448 nursing college students during a four-year program in Japan. Students from each year of the program were surveyed with the K10 scale to measure mental health, and the Student Life Questionnaire to assess dietary habits, sleep duration, and exercise. Mean K10 scores for first-year students was 13.1, with 30% having anxiety about college life. Similarly, for second-year students the K10 score was 13.7, and compared to first-year students, rates of meal skipping and sleeping less increased. For third-year students, the K10 score (15.9) was higher than for other groups, as were their percentages of all items. Fourth-year students had a mean K10 score of 14.6, with a higher rate of meal skipping and feeling anxious about the future than other groups. These results suggest the need for support tailored to the characteristics of each year in the bachelor's program in nursing.

For students in nursing colleges to develop necessary competencies as health care professionals and prevent post-graduation reality shock deterioration in the quality of care they provide, appropriate measures are needed in response to changes that occur as college years progress. In this study, mental health status, lifestyle, and various types of anxiety were investigated in 448 nursing college students during a four-year program in Japan. Students from each year of the program were surveyed with the K10 scale to measure mental health, and the Student Life Questionnaire to assess dietary habits, sleep duration, and exercise. Mean K10 scores for first-year students was 13.1, with 30% having anxiety about college life. Similarly, for second-year students the K10 score was 13.7, and compared to first-year students, rates of meal skipping and sleeping less increased. For third-year students, the K10 score (15.9) was higher than for other groups, as were their percentages of all items. Fourth-year students had a mean K10 score of 14.6, with a higher rate of meal skipping and feeling anxious about the future than other groups. These results suggest the need for support tailored to the characteristics of each year in the bachelor's program in nursing.

This study examined the associations of interpersonal conflict and school connectedness with depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 6576 adolescents in Shenzhen, China. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires that assessed adolescents’ depressive symptoms, conflict with parents, teachers, and peers, school connectedness, and demographics. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the association of interpersonal conflict and school connectedness with depressive symptoms in adolescents. Results showed that conflicts with their mother, father, teachers, and peers were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms in adolescents, while greater school connectedness was related to lower levels of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Gender proved to be a moderator of these relationships in that the associations of quarreling with mothers, mothers’ use of emotional punishments, teachers’use of emotional punishments, and school connectedness with depressive symptoms were stronger in females than males. Moreover, grade level proved to be another moderator, with the associations of teachers’ use of physical punishment and fighting with peers with depressive symptoms being stronger in primary school students than in secondary school students. Our findings suggest that gender and grade level moderated the association of interpersonal conflict and school connectedness with depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents.

Learners’ academic self-concepts and attributions have been widely evidenced to substantially regulate their educational development. Develop-mentally, they will not only operate in a mutually reinforcing manner. Rather, self-concepts will directly affect learners’ outcome attributions in a particular academic setting. Current research in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context has increasingly analyzed learners’ attributions and self-concepts on a task-specific construct level. Nevertheless, there still exist certain research gaps in the field, particularly concerning learners’ grammar self-concept and attributions. Therefore, the present study aimed at analyzing longitudinal relations of prior performance and self-concept with subsequent attributions of grammar success and failure in a sample of preadolescent EFL learners. Findings demonstrated that attributional patterns mostly but not entirely depended on learners’ grammar self-concept. Poor performing learners holding a low self-concept displayed a maladaptive attribution pattern for explaining both grammar success and failure. Though not with respect to all causal factors, these findings largely confirm the crucial role of task-specific self-concept in longitudinally explaining related control beliefs in the EFL context.

The capacity to cope with test anxiety that contain high concentrations of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological manifestations, is becoming increasingly important in educational contexts as well as evaluative settings. The developing ability to deal with test anxiety relative to the increasingly strict evaluative practices students encounter points that students’ test anxiety may decline as they move through school years. This study examined three test anxiety components (thoughts, off-task behaviors, and autonomic reactions) with students from 3 public schools in İstanbul, Turkey. Using a diverse sample of elementary (Grade 4; N = 414) and middle (Grade 6; N = 201) school students, grade level differences in these components were investigated. Applying a multivariate approach, significant differences were found in the overall test anxiety, favoring fourth grade students. The results also revealed Grade 4 advantage for off-task behaviors and autonomic reactions, = .014 and = .011, but no grade level differences in the thoughts. Educational implications of the findings are discussed., La capacidad de hacer frente a la ansiedad ante los exámenes que contienen altas concentraciones de manifestaciones cognitivas, conductuales y fisiológicas, es cada vez más importante en contextos educativos, así como en los entornos evaluativos. La capacidad de desarrollar para tratar la ansiedad ante los exámenes con respecto a las prácticas de evaluación cada vez más estrictas de los estudiantes encuentra puntos que la ansiedad ante los exámenes de los estudiantes puede declinar mientras que se mueven a través de años escolares. Este estudio examinó tres componentes de la ansiedad ante los exámenes (pensamientos, comportamientos fuera de la tarea, y reacciones autonómicas) con los estudiantes de 3 escuelas públicas en Estanbul, Turquía. Utilizando una muestra diversa de estudiantes de primaria (Grado 4, N = 414) y medio (Grado 6; N = 201), se investigaron las diferencias por curso en estos componentes. Aplicando un enfoque multivariado, se encontraron diferencias significativas en la ansiedad ante los exámenes en general, favoreciendo a los estudiantes de cuarto grado. Los resultados también revelaron la ventaja del Grado 4 para los comportamientos fuera de la tarea y las reacciones autonómicas, = .014 y = .011, pero no hay diferencias por curso en los pensamientos. Se discuten las implicaciones educativas de los hallazgos.

Learners’ academic self-concepts and attributions have been widely evidenced to substantially regulate their educational development. Develop­men­tally, they will not only oper­ate in a mu­tually reinforcing manner. Rather, self-concepts will di­­­­rectly affect learners’ out­come attri­bu­­tions in a particular academic set­ting. Current research in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context has increasingly anal­­yzed learners’ attributions and self-concepts on a task-spe­­cific construct level. Never­the­less, there still exist certain research gaps in the field, partic­ularly con­cerning learners’ gram­mar self-con­cept and attributions. There­fore, the present study aimed at anal­yzing lon­gi­tu­dinal re­­lat­ions of prior performance and self-concept with subsequent attri­bu­tions of gram­mar suc­cess and failure in a samp­le of preadolescent EFL learners. Findings demonstrated that attri­bu­tional pat­terns most­­­­ly but not en­tire­ly depended on learn­ers’ grammar self-concept. Poor per­­form­ing learn­ers hold­ing a low self-concept dis­­played a maladaptive attri­bu­tion pattern for ex­­plain­ing both gram­­­mar suc­cess and failure. Though not with respect to all causal factors, these findings largely con­firm the crucial role of task-spe­cific self-concept in longitudinally explaining re­­lated control beliefs in the EFL con­text.

This study assessed the hand hygiene knowledge, practice and facilities utilization of pupils in Batangas City, Philippines during academic year 2016-2017. Using a self-structured questionnaire, the researchers selected one thousand one hundred eighteen (1,118) pupils as participants in this research. They analyzed the responses of the pupils through the use of frequency counts, weighted mean, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine the difference of responses among grade levels and school type. The study found out school type had the most influence on pupils’ learning concepts about hand hygiene as well as its implementation and the provision of adequate supplies & facilities. Public school pupils showed higher scores in hand hygiene knowledge, practice and facilities utilization as well as greater interest on the proposed hand hygiene activities. These included, among others, conduct of health teaching on proper hand hygiene technique with disease education and preparation of individual hygiene kit for pupils. On the other hand, grade level was determined not to have significant difference on the pupils’ know-how in hand cleansing. This is because regardless of the pupils grade level their knowledge, practice and facilities utilization including interest on the suggested hand hygiene health activities remain the same. It is further recommended that school administrators take action on the pupils’ interest regarding hand hygiene health activities proposed in the study.

This study assessed the hand hygiene knowledge, practice and facilities utilization of pupils in Batangas City, Philippines during academic year 2016-2017. Using a self-structured questionnaire, the researchers selected one thousand one hundred eighteen (1,118) pupils as participants in this research. They analyzed the responses of the pupils through the use of frequency counts, weighted mean, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine the difference of responses among grade levels and school type. The study found out school type had the most influence on pupils’ learning concepts about hand hygiene as well as its implementation and the provision of adequate supplies & facilities. Public school pupils showed higher scores in hand hygiene knowledge, practice and facilities utilization as well as greater interest on the proposed hand hygiene activities. These included, among others, conduct of health teaching on proper hand hygiene technique with disease education and preparation of individual hygiene kit for pupils. On the other hand, grade level was determined not to have significant difference on the pupils’ know-how in hand cleansing. This is because regardless of the pupils grade level their knowledge, practice and facilities utilization including interest on the suggested hand hygiene health activities remain the same. It is further recommended that school administrators take action on the pupils’ interest regarding hand hygiene health activities proposed in the study.

This study assessed the hand hygiene knowledge, practice and facilities utilization of pupils in Batangas City, Philippines during academic year 2016-2017. Using a self-structured questionnaire, the researchers selected one thousand one hundred eighteen (1,118) pupils as participants in this research. They analyzed the responses of the pupils through the use of frequency counts, weighted mean, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine the difference of responses among grade levels and school type. The study found out school type had the most influence on pupils’ learning concepts about hand hygiene as well as its implementation and the provision of adequate supplies & facilities. Public school pupils showed higher scores in hand hygiene knowledge, practice and facilities utilization as well as greater interest on the proposed hand hygiene activities. These included, among others, conduct of health teaching on proper hand hygiene technique with disease education and preparation of individual hygiene kit for pupils. On the other hand, grade level was determined not to have significant difference on the pupils’ know-how in hand cleansing. This is because regardless of the pupils grade level their knowledge, practice and facilities utilization including interest on the suggested hand hygiene health activities remain the same. It is further recommended that school administrators take action on the pupils’ interest regarding hand hygiene health activities proposed in the study.

This study assessed the hand hygiene knowledge, practice and facilities utilization of pupils in Batangas City, Philippines during academic year 2016-2017. Using a self-structured questionnaire, the researchers selected one thousand one hundred eighteen (1,118) pupils as participants in this research. They analyzed the responses of the pupils through the use of frequency counts, weighted mean, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine the difference of responses among grade levels and school type. The study found out school type had the most influence on pupils’ learning concepts about hand hygiene as well as its implementation and the provision of adequate supplies & facilities. Public school pupils showed higher scores in hand hygiene knowledge, practice and facilities utilization as well as greater interest on the proposed hand hygiene activities. These included, among others, conduct of health teaching on proper hand hygiene technique with disease education and preparation of individual hygiene kit for pupils. On the other hand, grade level was determined not to have significant difference on the pupils’ know-how in hand cleansing. This is because regardless of the pupils grade level their knowledge, practice and facilities utilization including interest on the suggested hand hygiene health activities remain the same. It is further recommended that school administrators take action on the pupils’ interest regarding hand hygiene health activities proposed in the study.

This study assessed the hand hygiene knowledge, practice and facilities utilization of pupils in Batangas City, Philippines during academic year 2016-2017. Using a self-structured questionnaire, the researchers selected one thousand one hundred eighteen (1,118) pupils as participants in this research. They analyzed the responses of the pupils through the use of frequency counts, weighted mean, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine the difference of responses among grade levels and school type. The study found out school type had the most influence on pupils’ learning concepts about hand hygiene as well as its implementation and the provision of adequate supplies & facilities. Public school pupils showed higher scores in hand hygiene knowledge, practice and facilities utilization as well as greater interest on the proposed hand hygiene activities. These included, among others, conduct of health teaching on proper hand hygiene technique with disease education and preparation of individual hygiene kit for pupils. On the other hand, grade level was determined not to have significant difference on the pupils’ know-how in hand cleansing. This is because regardless of the pupils grade level their knowledge, practice and facilities utilization including interest on the suggested hand hygiene health activities remain the same. It is further recommended that school administrators take action on the pupils’ interest regarding hand hygiene health activities proposed in the study.

Adolescents with reading literacy difficulty with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are often at a greater risk for problems of communication, and behavioral and mental health challenges. We aimed to examine literacy weakness for the native Japanese language of KOKUGO and the foreign language of ENGLISH as perceived by Japanese adolescents. We also aimed to analyze the relationship between literacy weakness and inattention and hyperactivity characteristics. We conducted a largescale questionnaire survey of 2987 junior high school students. We used logistic regression analysis to examine the data from the self-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the General Health Questionnaire-12, and adolescents’ perceptions of their command of KOKUGO and ENGLISH. We found a significant association between perceived literacy for both languages and SDQ inattention and hyperactivity characteristics. Reading difficulties in ENGLISH may be addressed by introducing ENGLISH at an earlier age supported by clinically enhanced pedagogy., Acta medica Nagasakiensia, 61(2), pp.71-79; 2017

This paper presents the experience to perceive an area of improvement in a newly created institution of elementary education in northwestern Mexico, which belongs to a network of schools in the country. The research question was: What is the level of knowledge and application of an educational model based on values by the teachers of a newly established school in northwestern Mexico? The aim of the study was to determine the level of ownership that teachers have on an educational model, with the purpose to determine the implications on the organizational, pedagogical-curricular and social participation of the school management dimensions. A qualitative methodology was followed based on a case study approach where teachers, parents and director of the school were interviewed. Results allowed to define new areas of improvement in the educational model mimic, because the institution has the responsibility to ensure the quality of graduates, the institutionalization of the educational model, the continuity of the system and opening new schools., El presente estudio muestra la experiencia que se siguió para detectar un área de mejora en una institución de reciente creación de educación primaria del noroeste de México, perteneciente a una red de centros escolares en el país. La pregunta de investigación fue: ¿Cuál es el conocimiento y aplicación de un modelo educativo por parte de los docentes de un centro escolar de reciente creación en el noroeste de México? El objetivo del estudio fue conocer el nivel de apropiación que tienen los docentes de un centro escolar acerca de un modelo educativo, con la intención de indagar las implicaciones en las dimensiones de la gestión escolar, organizativa, pedagógica-curricular y de participación social. Se siguió una metodología cualitativa con un enfoque de estudio de casos donde se consultó a docentes, padres de familia y director del centro escolar donde se realizó el estudio. Los resultados permitieron detectar nuevas áreas de mejora en la réplica del modelo educativo, dado que la institución tiene la responsabilidad de asegurar la calidad de los egresados, la institucionalización del modelo educativo, la continuidad del sistema y la apertura de los nuevos centros escolares.

El análisis de las autoatribuciones académicas constituye un aspecto esencial del componente afectivo y emocional de la motivación escolar en estudiantes de educación secundaria obligatoria (ESO). El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar, mediante un diseño transversal, las diferencias de género y curso y el papel predictivo de estas variables en las atribuciones causales académicas de los alumnos medidas a través de las escalas generales de la Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS). El cuestionario fue administrado a 2.022 estudiantes (51.08% chicos) de 1º a 4º de ESO. El rango de edad fue de 12 a 16 años (M = 13.81; DT = 1.35). Los resultados derivados de los análisis de varianza y de los tamaños del efecto (índice d) revelaron que los chicos atribuyeron sus éxitos significativamente más a su capacidad, mientras las chicas los atribuyeron significativamente más al esfuerzo. Respecto a las atribuciones de fracaso escolar, los resultados indicaron que los chicos los atribuyeron significativamente más a la falta de esfuerzo que las chicas. Asimismo, se hallaron diferencias de curso académico en la mayoría de las atribuciones causales analizadas. Los análisis de regresión logística indicaron que el género y el curso fueron predictores significativos de las atribuciones causales académicas, aunque los resultados variaron para cada una de las escalas de la SAS. Los resultados son discutidos en relación a la necesidad de diseñar programas de intervención que tengan en cuenta las variables sexo y curso académico., The analysis of academic self-attributions is an essential aspect of the affective and emotional component of the school motivation in students of compulsory secondary education. The aim of this study was to analyze, using a cross-sectional design, gender and grade differences and the predictive role of these variables on academic causal attributions of students measured by the general scales of the Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS). The questionnaire was administered to 2.022 students (51.08% boys) from grades 7 to 10. The range of age was from 12 to 16 year-olds (M = 13.81; SD = 1.35). Results derived from analysis of variance and effect sizes (d index) revealed that boys attributed their success significantly more to its capacity, whereas girls attributed to the effort. Regarding the attributions of academic failure, the results indicated that boys attributed significantly more to the lack of effort than girls. Additionally, grade level differences were found between for the most of the causal attributions examined. Logistic regression analyses indicated that gender and grade were significant predictors of academic causal attributions, although these results varied for each of the SAS scales. The results are discussed in relation to the need to design intervention programs that take into account the sex and grade level.

El análisis de las autoatribuciones académicas constituye un aspecto esencial del componente afectivo y emocional de la motivación escolar en estudiantes de educación secundaria obligatoria (ESO). El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar, mediante un diseño transversal, las diferencias de género y curso y el papel predictivo de estas variables en las atribuciones causales académicas de los alumnos medidas a través de las escalas generales de la Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS). El cuestionario fue administrado a 2.022 estudiantes (51.08% chicos) de 1º a 4º de ESO. El rango de edad fue de 12 a 16 años (M = 13.81; DT = 1.35). Los resultados derivados de los análisis de varianza y de los tamaños del efecto (índice d) revelaron que los chicos atribuyeron sus éxitos significativamente más a su capacidad, mientras las chicas los atribuyeron significativamente más al esfuerzo. Respecto a las atribuciones de fracaso escolar, los resultados indicaron que los chicos los atribuyeron significativamente más a la falta de esfuerzo que las chicas. Asimismo, se hallaron diferencias de curso académico en la mayoría de las atribuciones causales analizadas. Los análisis de regresión logística indicaron que el género y el curso fueron predictores significativos de las atribuciones causales académicas, aunque los resultados variaron para cada una de las escalas de la SAS. Los resultados son discutidos en relación a la necesidad de diseñar programas de intervención que tengan en cuenta las variables sexo y curso académico., The analysis of academic self-attributions is an essential aspect of the affective and emotional component of the school motivation in students of compulsory secondary education. The aim of this study was to analyze, using a cross-sectional design, gender and grade differences and the predictive role of these variables on academic causal attributions of students measured by the general scales of the Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS). The questionnaire was administered to 2.022 students (51.08% boys) from grades 7 to 10. The range of age was from 12 to 16 year-olds (M = 13.81; SD = 1.35). Results derived from analysis of variance and effect sizes (d index) revealed that boys attributed their success significantly more to its capacity, whereas girls attributed to the effort. Regarding the attributions of academic failure, the results indicated that boys attributed significantly more to the lack of effort than girls. Additionally, grade level differences were found between for the most of the causal attributions examined. Logistic regression analyses indicated that gender and grade were significant predictors of academic causal attributions, although these results varied for each of the SAS scales. The results are discussed in relation to the need to design intervention programs that take into account the sex and grade level.

This study compared the use of grade versus instructional level material for progress monitoring struggling readers by examining the materials' psychometric characteristics and the data's influence on teacher expectations and instructional decision-making. Students were progress monitored with both sets of probes for 6 - 8 weeks. Each set of data was analyzed for sensitivity to growth and predictive validity and evaluated by classroom teachers. Results found no statistical difference in sensitivity to growth or predictive validity (p > .05). Both data based decision rules based on trend analysis and teacher responses to questionnaires indicated that grade level data was more likely to portray student progress as inadequate and the current intervention as needing modification and/or increase in intensity. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed.

This study compared the use of grade versus instructional level material for progress monitoring struggling readers by examining the materials' psychometric characteristics and the data's influence on teacher expectations and instructional decision-making. Students were progress monitored with both sets of probes for 6 - 8 weeks. Each set of data was analyzed for sensitivity to growth and predictive validity and evaluated by classroom teachers. Results found no statistical difference in sensitivity to growth or predictive validity (p > .05). Both data based decision rules based on trend analysis and teacher responses to questionnaires indicated that grade level data was more likely to portray student progress as inadequate and the current intervention as needing modification and/or increase in intensity. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed.

Este estudio analizó la prevalencia de la conducta prosocial y su relación con dos indicadores del rendimiento académico, calificaciones escolares y repetir un curso académico, en una muestra de 2022 estudiantes españoles (51.1% chicos) de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. La con-ducta prosocial fue medida con la escala de Conducta Prosocial del Teenage Inventory of Social Skills (TISS). Los resultados revelaron que la proporción de estudiantes prosociales fue del 17.35%. La conducta prosocial fue signi-ficativa y moderadamente más prevalente en las chicas que en los chicos, hallándose un incremento significativo en los cursos de 3º y 4º (d < .20). La proporción de estudiantes prosociales con todas las asignaturas apro-badas fue significativamente superior que la informada por el grupo de estudiantes no prosociales (d = .10). Además, el porcentaje de estudiantes repetidores prosociales fue significativamente más pequeño que el encon-trado en el grupo de estudiantes no repetidores prosociales (d = 2.43). El análisis de regresión logística reveló que la conducta prosocial fue un pre-dictor positivo y estadísticamente significativo del éxito académico (OR = 1.01; IC 95% = 1.01-1.02), siendo el éxito académico, a su vez, un predic-tor positivo y estadísticamente significativo de la conducta prosocial (OR = 1.44; IC 95% = 1.11-1.87)., This study analyzed the prevelence of the prosocial behaviour and its relationship with two indexes of academic achievement, school records and repeating a school year, in a sample of 2022 Spanish students (51.1% boys) of compulsory secondary education. The prosocial behav-iour was measured with the Prosocial Behaviour scale of the Teenage Inventory of Social Skills (TISS). Results revealed that the proportion of prosocial students was 17.35%. The prosocial behaviour was significant and moder-ately more prevalent in girls than boys, finding a significant increase in grades 9 and 10 (d < .20). The proportion of prosocial students with all the approved subjects was significantly higher that the reported for the no-prosocial students group (d = .10). Likewise, the percentage of proso-cial students that repeat a school year was significantly smaller that the percentage found in the group of prosocial students that not repeat a school year (d = 2.43). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the proso-cial behaviour was a positive and statistically significant predictor of the academic success (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.01-1.02), being the academic success, in turn, a positive and statistically significant predictor of the prosocial behaviour (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.11-1.87).