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Given the persistence of health inequities in the United States, scholars and health professionals alike have turned to the social determinants of health (SDH) framework to understand the overlapping factors that produce and shape these inequities. However, there is scant empirical literature on how frontline health and social service workers perceive and apply the SDH framework, or related movements such as the right to health, in their daily practice. Our study seeks to bridge this gap by applying constructs from the sociological imagination and structural competency (an emerging paradigm in health professions' education) to understand the perspectives and experiences of social work case managers, community health workers, legal advocates, and mental health counselors at a maternal and child health center in a large US city. This frontline workforce displayed strong sociological imagination, elements of structural competency, and engagement with the principles of the right to health. Workers shared reflections on the SDH framework in ways that signaled promising opportunities for frontline workers to link with the global movement for the right to health. We offer a novel approach to understanding the relationships between frontline worker perspectives on and experiences with the SDH, sociological imagination, structural competency, and the right to health.

This study was conducted to examine whether the expected and perceived service quality of customers registered at a fitness center in Bingöl province, regarding the centers where they purchase services, has an impact on their intention to repurchase services from the same center. Approximately 222 individuals, who were registered customers at a fitness center in Bingöl and were selected using convenience sampling, participated in this research. The individuals participating in the study were selected on a voluntary basis. The data collection instruments used in the research included the "Service Quality Evaluation Scale" and the "Intention to Repurchase Sport Services Scale," along with socio-demographic information of the participants. The collected data were analyzed and the results were interpreted using the statistical software package SPSS 22. Descriptive statistics, including arithmetic mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage distributions, were employed to gain insights into the participants' socio-demographic information and other group-related questions. The correlation (Spearman) test was used to determine the relationship between the dimensions of service quality evaluation and the intention to repurchase sport services among the participants. Additionally, the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied to identify the relationship between the dimensions of service quality evaluation, the intention to repurchase sport services, and certain demographic variables. The results were evaluated at a 95% confidence interval, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The research findings revealed statistically significant differences among groups in terms of participants' evaluations of service quality based on variables such as gender, age, membership duration, weekly workout duration, and the center's fee level. Similarly, statistically significant differences were detected among groups in terms of the intention to repurchase spor, Bu çalışma, Bingöl ilinde faaliyet gösteren fitness merkezine kayıtlı müşterilerin hizmet satın aldıkları merkezlere yönelik bekledikleri ve algıladıkları hizmet kalitesinin aynı merkezden hizmetleri tekrar satın alma niyeti üzerine etkilerinin olup olmadığının incelenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmaya, kolayda örneklem yöntemiyle seçilmiş Bingöl ilinde faaliyet gösteren fitness merkezine kayıtlı müşterilerinden yaklaşık 222 kişi katılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılacak olan kişiler gönüllük esasına dayalı olarak seçilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin sosyo-demografik bilgilerinin yanı sıra “Hizmet Kalitesi Değerlendirme Ölçeği’’ ve “Spor Hizmetlerini Tekrar Satın Alma Niyeti Ölçeği” veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler istatistik paket programı SPSS.22 programı aracılığıyla analiz edilip sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Demografik bilgiler ve diğer grup sorulara ait fikir edinilmesini sağlamak amacıyla aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, frekans ve yüzde dağılımları içeren tanımlayıcı istatistikler, katılımcıların hizmet kalitesi değerlendirme ve spor hizmetlerini tekrar satın alma niyeti boyutları arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmek amacıyla korelasyon (Spearman) testi, hizmet kalitesi değerlendirme ve spor hizmetlerini tekrar satın alma niyeti alt boyutlarının bazı demografik değişkenlerle ilişkisini tespit etmek amacıyla Mann Whitney-U ve Kruskal Wallis Testi testleri uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar %95 güven aralığında, anlamlılık p<0.05 düzeyinde değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, katılımcıların cinsiyet, yaş, merkeze üyelik süresi, haftalık antrenman süresi ve merkezin ücret düzeyi değişkenlerine göre hizmet kalitesi değerlendirmelerinde gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Spor hizmetlerini tekrar satın alma niyetlerinde de yaş, haftalık antrenman süresi ve merkezi tercih etme nedeni değişkene göre gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin hiz

Introduction: People with disabilities are often exposed to different physical or architectural barriers that block access to their participation in physical activity, exercise, and sports. This makes it difficult for them to benefit from these facilities which lead to a deterioration in the quality of life for many individuals with disabilities. Materials and Methods: An integrative review of quantitative studies was conducted using the SPIDER methodology with the following components: (i) problem identification, (ii) literature search, (iii) data evaluation, and (iv) data analysis. Results: Seven studies were included in which 429 fitness facilities were evaluated with four measuring instruments including mean ratings in percentages identified by the type of accessibility (physical, displacement, sports and recreational implementation) and whether they were at 0% minimum accessibility or at 100% maximum accessibility. None of the studies that were included obtained a mean score greater than 60%. Accessibility to sports and recreational implementation was at the lowest with 19.81% and physical accessibility was at the highest with 57.01%. Conclusion: Fitness facilities are not entirely accessible for people with disabilities. There is a need for further research to look into accessibility of sports and recreational implementation in Latin America, especially in Colombia., Introdução: as pessoas deficientes estão expostas a diferentes barreiras físicas ou arquitetônicas que impedem seu acesso às instalações e participação em atividade física, exercício e esporte, dificultando obter o benefício que a prática de esportes traz, o que prejudica sua qualidade de vida. Materiais e métodos: realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de estudos quantitativos através da metodologia SPIDER com os seguintes componentes: 1) identificação do problema, 2) revisão de literatura, 3) avaliação dos dados e 4) análise de dados. Resultados: foram incluídos sete estudos, nos quais se avaliaram um total de 429 academias com quatro instrumentos de medição, por meio da pontuação média em porcentagem identificada pelo tipo de acesso ao ambiente físico (física, por deslocamento, e aos implementos esportivos e recreativos), sendo 0% acessibilidade mínima e 100% acessibilidade máxima. Em nenhum dos estudos incluídos identificou-se uma média superior a 60%. A acessibilidade aos implementos esportivos e recreativos foi a mais baixa com 19,81% e a acessibilidade física foi a mais alta com 57,01%. Conclusão: as instalações das academias não são completamente acessíveis para pessoas com deficiência. Existe uma grande necessidade de investigação, principalmente na acessibilidade de implementos esportivos e recreativos na América Latina e fundamentalmente, na Colômbia., Introducción: las personas en condición de discapacidad están expuestas a diferentes barreras físicas o arquitectónicas que impiden su acceso a instalaciones y su participación en actividades físicas, ejercicio y deporte. Esto les dificulta obtener los beneficios que implica su práctica y conduce a un deterioro de su calidad de vida. Materiales y métodos: revisión integradora de estudios cuantitativos a través de la metodología SPIDER, con los siguientes componentes: 1) identificación del problema, 2) búsqueda de literatura, 3) evaluación de datos y 4) análisis de estos. Resultados: se incluyeron 7 estudios en los cuales se evaluaron 429 instalaciones de acondicionamiento con 4 instrumentos de medición, por medio de la puntuación media en porcentajes identificados por el tipo de accesibilidad al entorno físico (física, al desplazamiento y a la implementación deportiva y recreativa), donde el 0 % es la accesibilidad mínima y el 100 % es la accesibilidad máxima. En ninguno de los estudios incluidos se identificó una media mayor al 60 %. La accesibilidad a la implementación deportiva y recreativa fue la más baja, con el 19.81%, y la accesibilidad física fue la más alta, con el 57.01 %. Conclusión: las instalaciones de acondicionamiento no son del todo accesibles para personas con discapacidad. Existe la gran necesidad de investigación en la accesibilidad a la implementación deportiva y recreativa en Latinoamérica y fundamentalmente en Colombia.

Objective: Evaluate the level of knowledge, habits, and prevalence of consumption of energy drinks and supplements based on caffeine by practitioners of physical exercises in gyms. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire of 27 topics was used on Google® Forms, published on social media between September and October 2018. Results: 200 gym goers participated, 71% young adults, 52% having more than two years of practice, and attendance regular 5 - 6 times a week. Most were women (58.5%), bodybuilders (61.6%), and from Minas Gerais State (62.5%). Consumption without professional guidance was 81.6% for energy drinks and 53.9% for caffeine-based supplements. Most energy consumers (73.3%) had goals related to social activities, preferring the RedBul® brand (40.4%). Among consumers of caffeine supplements, there was a preference for thermogenic (32.7%) and pure caffeine (29.9%), with the primary objective of improving performance (28.7%), presenting ergolytic responses of tachycardia and palpitations as recorded in energy drinks. There was no record of adverse effects in 19.2% of caffeine consumers and 40.8% of energy drinkers. The consumption dosages of the products were within the safety range (< 6 mg/kg). Conclusion: The consumption of both products was made without professional guidance, however, with dosages within the safety range. The consumption of energy drinks aimed at social activities and improved sports performance. Ergolytic effects have been reported., Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento, hábitos, e prevalência de consumo de energéticos e suplementos à base de cafeína por praticantes de exercícios físicos em academias. Métodos: Foi empregado um questionário autoaplicável de 27 perguntas no Google® Forms, divulgado em mídias sociais entre setembro e outubro de 2018. Resultados: Participaram 200 frequentadores de academias, 71% adultos jovens, 52% tendo mais de 2 anos de prática e frequência regular de 5 - 6 vezes por semana. A maioria da amostra era mulher (58,5%), praticante de musculação (61,6%) de MG (62,5%). O consumo sem orientação profissional foi de 81,6% nos energéticos e 53,9% para suplementos à base de cafeína. 73,3% dos consumidores de energéticos tinham objetivos relacionados com atividades sociais, preferindo a marca RedBul® (40,4%). Entre os consumidores de suplementos de cafeína houve preferência por termogênicos (32,7%) e cafeína pura (29,9%), com objetivo principal a melhora de performance (28,7%), apresentando respostas ergolíticas de taquicardia e palpitações como registrado nos energéticos. Não houve registro de efeitos adversos em 19,2% dos consumidores de cafeína e 40,8% de energéticos. As dosagens de consumo dos produtos estavam dentro da faixa de segurança (< 6 mg/kg). Conclusão: O consumo de ambos produtos foi feito sem orientação profissional, porém, com dosagens dentro da faixa de segurança. O consumo de bebidas energéticas esteve voltado para atividades sociais e melhora da performance esportiva. Foram registrados efeitos ergolíticos.

Objective: Evaluate the level of knowledge, habits, and prevalence of consumption of energy drinks and supplements based on caffeine by practitioners of physical exercises in gyms. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire of 27 topics was used on Google® Forms, published on social media between September and October 2018. Results: 200 gym goers participated, 71% young adults, 52% having more than two years of practice, and attendance regular 5 - 6 times a week. Most were women (58.5%), bodybuilders (61.6%), and from Minas Gerais State (62.5%). Consumption without professional guidance was 81.6% for energy drinks and 53.9% for caffeine-based supplements. Most energy consumers (73.3%) had goals related to social activities, preferring the RedBul® brand (40.4%). Among consumers of caffeine supplements, there was a preference for thermogenic (32.7%) and pure caffeine (29.9%), with the primary objective of improving performance (28.7%), presenting ergolytic responses of tachycardia and palpitations as recorded in energy drinks. There was no record of adverse effects in 19.2% of caffeine consumers and 40.8% of energy drinkers. The consumption dosages of the products were within the safety range (< 6 mg/kg). Conclusion: The consumption of both products was made without professional guidance, however, with dosages within the safety range. The consumption of energy drinks aimed at social activities and improved sports performance. Ergolytic effects have been reported., Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento, hábitos, e prevalência de consumo de energéticos e suplementos à base de cafeína por praticantes de exercícios físicos em academias. Métodos: Foi empregado um questionário autoaplicável de 27 perguntas no Google® Forms, divulgado em mídias sociais entre setembro e outubro de 2018. Resultados: Participaram 200 frequentadores de academias, 71% adultos jovens, 52% tendo mais de 2 anos de prática e frequência regular de 5 - 6 vezes por semana. A maioria da amostra era mulher (58,5%), praticante de musculação (61,6%) de MG (62,5%). O consumo sem orientação profissional foi de 81,6% nos energéticos e 53,9% para suplementos à base de cafeína. 73,3% dos consumidores de energéticos tinham objetivos relacionados com atividades sociais, preferindo a marca RedBul® (40,4%). Entre os consumidores de suplementos de cafeína houve preferência por termogênicos (32,7%) e cafeína pura (29,9%), com objetivo principal a melhora de performance (28,7%), apresentando respostas ergolíticas de taquicardia e palpitações como registrado nos energéticos. Não houve registro de efeitos adversos em 19,2% dos consumidores de cafeína e 40,8% de energéticos. As dosagens de consumo dos produtos estavam dentro da faixa de segurança (< 6 mg/kg). Conclusão: O consumo de ambos produtos foi feito sem orientação profissional, porém, com dosagens dentro da faixa de segurança. O consumo de bebidas energéticas esteve voltado para atividades sociais e melhora da performance esportiva. Foram registrados efeitos ergolíticos.

Objective: Evaluate the level of knowledge, habits, and prevalence of consumption of energy drinks and supplements based on caffeine by practitioners of physical exercises in gyms. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire of 27 topics was used on Google® Forms, published on social media between September and October 2018. Results: 200 gym goers participated, 71% young adults, 52% having more than two years of practice, and attendance regular 5 - 6 times a week. Most were women (58.5%), bodybuilders (61.6%), and from Minas Gerais State (62.5%). Consumption without professional guidance was 81.6% for energy drinks and 53.9% for caffeine-based supplements. Most energy consumers (73.3%) had goals related to social activities, preferring the RedBul® brand (40.4%). Among consumers of caffeine supplements, there was a preference for thermogenic (32.7%) and pure caffeine (29.9%), with the primary objective of improving performance (28.7%), presenting ergolytic responses of tachycardia and palpitations as recorded in energy drinks. There was no record of adverse effects in 19.2% of caffeine consumers and 40.8% of energy drinkers. The consumption dosages of the products were within the safety range (< 6 mg/kg). Conclusion: The consumption of both products was made without professional guidance, however, with dosages within the safety range. The consumption of energy drinks aimed at social activities and improved sports performance. Ergolytic effects have been reported., Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento, hábitos, e prevalência de consumo de energéticos e suplementos à base de cafeína por praticantes de exercícios físicos em academias. Métodos: Foi empregado um questionário autoaplicável de 27 perguntas no Google® Forms, divulgado em mídias sociais entre setembro e outubro de 2018. Resultados: Participaram 200 frequentadores de academias, 71% adultos jovens, 52% tendo mais de 2 anos de prática e frequência regular de 5 - 6 vezes por semana. A maioria da amostra era mulher (58,5%), praticante de musculação (61,6%) de MG (62,5%). O consumo sem orientação profissional foi de 81,6% nos energéticos e 53,9% para suplementos à base de cafeína. 73,3% dos consumidores de energéticos tinham objetivos relacionados com atividades sociais, preferindo a marca RedBul® (40,4%). Entre os consumidores de suplementos de cafeína houve preferência por termogênicos (32,7%) e cafeína pura (29,9%), com objetivo principal a melhora de performance (28,7%), apresentando respostas ergolíticas de taquicardia e palpitações como registrado nos energéticos. Não houve registro de efeitos adversos em 19,2% dos consumidores de cafeína e 40,8% de energéticos. As dosagens de consumo dos produtos estavam dentro da faixa de segurança (< 6 mg/kg). Conclusão: O consumo de ambos produtos foi feito sem orientação profissional, porém, com dosagens dentro da faixa de segurança. O consumo de bebidas energéticas esteve voltado para atividades sociais e melhora da performance esportiva. Foram registrados efeitos ergolíticos.

The growing interest in physical activity in last years has turned fitness centers into a key part in healthy lifestyle promotion. The competitiveness among companies in the fitness industry requires an in-depth study of their management. A hybrid approach of Importance-Performance Analysis and Kano Model is proposed to deepen the customer perception. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to 419 fitness centers members of the Community of Madrid (243 men and 176 women) with a mean age of 32.33 years (SD=11.50). The results showed the priority elements for managers, as well as statistically significative differences (p<0.05) according to business model, genre, seniority, academic training and closeness to member homes. Cleanliness and hygiene, level of maintenance, kindness in customer service, closeness to member homes and days and hours of operation were identified as priority, El creciente interés por la actividad física en los últimos años ha hecho que los centros fitness se hayan convertido en un pilar fundamental para la promoción de hábitos de vida saludables. La competitividad entre empresas del sector del fitness hace necesario el estudio en profundidad de la gestión que en ellas se está llevando a cabo. Se propone la aplicación conjunta del Análisis de Importancia-Valoración y del Modelo Kano para profundizar en la percepción del usuario. Se diseñó un cuestionario y se distribuyó a 419 usuarios de centros fitness de la Comunidad de Madrid (243 hombres y 176 mujeres) con una edad media de 32.33 años (SD=11.50). Los resultados permitieron profundizar en los elementos con mayor necesidad de atención por parte de los gestores, así como establecer diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0.05) según el modelo de negocio, género, antigüedad, formación académica y tiempo de desplazamiento. Se identificaron como elementos prioritarios la limpieza e higiene, el estado de conservación, la amabilidad en el trato, la proximidad a los hogares y el horario y días de apertura de los centros fitness.

Objective: Evaluate the level of knowledge, habits, and prevalence of consumption of energy drinks and supplements based on caffeine by practitioners of physical exercises in gyms. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire of 27 topics was used on Google® Forms, published on social media between September and October 2018. Results: 200 gym goers participated, 71% young adults, 52% having more than two years of practice, and attendance regular 5 - 6 times a week. Most were women (58.5%), bodybuilders (61.6%), and from Minas Gerais State (62.5%). Consumption without professional guidance was 81.6% for energy drinks and 53.9% for caffeine-based supplements. Most energy consumers (73.3%) had goals related to social activities, preferring the RedBul® brand (40.4%). Among consumers of caffeine supplements, there was a preference for thermogenic (32.7%) and pure caffeine (29.9%), with the primary objective of improving performance (28.7%), presenting ergolytic responses of tachycardia and palpitations as recorded in energy drinks. There was no record of adverse effects in 19.2% of caffeine consumers and 40.8% of energy drinkers. The consumption dosages of the products were within the safety range (< 6 mg/kg). Conclusion: The consumption of both products was made without professional guidance, however, with dosages within the safety range. The consumption of energy drinks aimed at social activities and improved sports performance. Ergolytic effects have been reported., Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento, hábitos, e prevalência de consumo de energéticos e suplementos à base de cafeína por praticantes de exercícios físicos em academias. Métodos: Foi empregado um questionário autoaplicável de 27 perguntas no Google® Forms, divulgado em mídias sociais entre setembro e outubro de 2018. Resultados: Participaram 200 frequentadores de academias, 71% adultos jovens, 52% tendo mais de 2 anos de prática e frequência regular de 5 - 6 vezes por semana. A maioria da amostra era mulher (58,5%), praticante de musculação (61,6%) de MG (62,5%). O consumo sem orientação profissional foi de 81,6% nos energéticos e 53,9% para suplementos à base de cafeína. 73,3% dos consumidores de energéticos tinham objetivos relacionados com atividades sociais, preferindo a marca RedBul® (40,4%). Entre os consumidores de suplementos de cafeína houve preferência por termogênicos (32,7%) e cafeína pura (29,9%), com objetivo principal a melhora de performance (28,7%), apresentando respostas ergolíticas de taquicardia e palpitações como registrado nos energéticos. Não houve registro de efeitos adversos em 19,2% dos consumidores de cafeína e 40,8% de energéticos. As dosagens de consumo dos produtos estavam dentro da faixa de segurança (< 6 mg/kg). Conclusão: O consumo de ambos produtos foi feito sem orientação profissional, porém, com dosagens dentro da faixa de segurança. O consumo de bebidas energéticas esteve voltado para atividades sociais e melhora da performance esportiva. Foram registrados efeitos ergolíticos.

Objective: Evaluate the level of knowledge, habits, and prevalence of consumption of energy drinks and supplements based on caffeine by practitioners of physical exercises in gyms. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire of 27 topics was used on Google® Forms, published on social media between September and October 2018. Results: 200 gym goers participated, 71% young adults, 52% having more than two years of practice, and attendance regular 5 - 6 times a week. Most were women (58.5%), bodybuilders (61.6%), and from Minas Gerais State (62.5%). Consumption without professional guidance was 81.6% for energy drinks and 53.9% for caffeine-based supplements. Most energy consumers (73.3%) had goals related to social activities, preferring the RedBul® brand (40.4%). Among consumers of caffeine supplements, there was a preference for thermogenic (32.7%) and pure caffeine (29.9%), with the primary objective of improving performance (28.7%), presenting ergolytic responses of tachycardia and palpitations as recorded in energy drinks. There was no record of adverse effects in 19.2% of caffeine consumers and 40.8% of energy drinkers. The consumption dosages of the products were within the safety range (< 6 mg/kg). Conclusion: The consumption of both products was made without professional guidance, however, with dosages within the safety range. The consumption of energy drinks aimed at social activities and improved sports performance. Ergolytic effects have been reported., Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento, hábitos, e prevalência de consumo de energéticos e suplementos à base de cafeína por praticantes de exercícios físicos em academias. Métodos: Foi empregado um questionário autoaplicável de 27 perguntas no Google® Forms, divulgado em mídias sociais entre setembro e outubro de 2018. Resultados: Participaram 200 frequentadores de academias, 71% adultos jovens, 52% tendo mais de 2 anos de prática e frequência regular de 5 - 6 vezes por semana. A maioria da amostra era mulher (58,5%), praticante de musculação (61,6%) de MG (62,5%). O consumo sem orientação profissional foi de 81,6% nos energéticos e 53,9% para suplementos à base de cafeína. 73,3% dos consumidores de energéticos tinham objetivos relacionados com atividades sociais, preferindo a marca RedBul® (40,4%). Entre os consumidores de suplementos de cafeína houve preferência por termogênicos (32,7%) e cafeína pura (29,9%), com objetivo principal a melhora de performance (28,7%), apresentando respostas ergolíticas de taquicardia e palpitações como registrado nos energéticos. Não houve registro de efeitos adversos em 19,2% dos consumidores de cafeína e 40,8% de energéticos. As dosagens de consumo dos produtos estavam dentro da faixa de segurança (< 6 mg/kg). Conclusão: O consumo de ambos produtos foi feito sem orientação profissional, porém, com dosagens dentro da faixa de segurança. O consumo de bebidas energéticas esteve voltado para atividades sociais e melhora da performance esportiva. Foram registrados efeitos ergolíticos.

Objective: Evaluate the level of knowledge, habits, and prevalence of consumption of energy drinks and supplements based on caffeine by practitioners of physical exercises in gyms. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire of 27 topics was used on Google® Forms, published on social media between September and October 2018. Results: 200 gym goers participated, 71% young adults, 52% having more than two years of practice, and attendance regular 5 - 6 times a week. Most were women (58.5%), bodybuilders (61.6%), and from Minas Gerais State (62.5%). Consumption without professional guidance was 81.6% for energy drinks and 53.9% for caffeine-based supplements. Most energy consumers (73.3%) had goals related to social activities, preferring the RedBul® brand (40.4%). Among consumers of caffeine supplements, there was a preference for thermogenic (32.7%) and pure caffeine (29.9%), with the primary objective of improving performance (28.7%), presenting ergolytic responses of tachycardia and palpitations as recorded in energy drinks. There was no record of adverse effects in 19.2% of caffeine consumers and 40.8% of energy drinkers. The consumption dosages of the products were within the safety range (< 6 mg/kg). Conclusion: The consumption of both products was made without professional guidance, however, with dosages within the safety range. The consumption of energy drinks aimed at social activities and improved sports performance. Ergolytic effects have been reported., Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento, hábitos, e prevalência de consumo de energéticos e suplementos à base de cafeína por praticantes de exercícios físicos em academias. Métodos: Foi empregado um questionário autoaplicável de 27 perguntas no Google® Forms, divulgado em mídias sociais entre setembro e outubro de 2018. Resultados: Participaram 200 frequentadores de academias, 71% adultos jovens, 52% tendo mais de 2 anos de prática e frequência regular de 5 - 6 vezes por semana. A maioria da amostra era mulher (58,5%), praticante de musculação (61,6%) de MG (62,5%). O consumo sem orientação profissional foi de 81,6% nos energéticos e 53,9% para suplementos à base de cafeína. 73,3% dos consumidores de energéticos tinham objetivos relacionados com atividades sociais, preferindo a marca RedBul® (40,4%). Entre os consumidores de suplementos de cafeína houve preferência por termogênicos (32,7%) e cafeína pura (29,9%), com objetivo principal a melhora de performance (28,7%), apresentando respostas ergolíticas de taquicardia e palpitações como registrado nos energéticos. Não houve registro de efeitos adversos em 19,2% dos consumidores de cafeína e 40,8% de energéticos. As dosagens de consumo dos produtos estavam dentro da faixa de segurança (< 6 mg/kg). Conclusão: O consumo de ambos produtos foi feito sem orientação profissional, porém, com dosagens dentro da faixa de segurança. O consumo de bebidas energéticas esteve voltado para atividades sociais e melhora da performance esportiva. Foram registrados efeitos ergolíticos.

Objective: The research aimed to build an instrument to evaluate the quality of services provided in fitness centers in Rio de Janeiro considering the perspective of the instructors who work in them. Methodology / Approach: The method used was application of an adapted and specific instrument, in 216 fitness centers and 164 professionals in the city of Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil, with treatment of the results by exploratory factor analysis, in order to obtain an instrument with a smaller number of dimensions and items. Originality / Relevance: Propose an instrument built from the perspective of fitness center instructors, as existing studies present instruments designed exclusively from the perspective of clients. Main results: The results describe that the instructors are young adults, mostly men, graduated in Physical Education and working for a maximum of 15 years, outdated and without seeking specialization or interested in research in the field. EFA allowed the reduction of 40 items distributed over 4 dimensions of the original instrument to 18 items distributed over 5 dimensions, which explain 61.70% of the common variance of the data, reducing the number of items by 52.5%. Theoretical / methodological contributions: We present a new instrument with a good and acceptable factor structure for the evaluation of the quality of services in these fitness companies, attesting that the proposed model has adequate factor validity and internal consistency, being indicated for use as an instrument for evaluating the quality of services in fitness centers in Rio de Janeiro from the instructors perspective., Objetivo do estudo: Buscou-se com a pesquisa construir um instrumento para avaliar qualidade dos serviços prestados em centros de fitness no Rio de Janeiro considerando a perspectiva dos instrutores que neles atuam. Metodologia/abordagem: O método utilizado foi uma pesquisa de campo, com aplicação de um instrumento adaptado e específico, em 216 centros de fitness e 164 profissionais na cidade do Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brasil, com tratamento dos resultados pela análise fatorial exploratória, com vista a obter um instrumento com um número menor de dimensões e itens. Originalidade/Relevância: A pesquisa é importante porque propõe um instrumento construído sob a perspectiva de instrutores de academia, uma vez que os estudos existentes apresentam instrumentos desenvolvidos exclusivamente sob a ótica dos consumidores de serviços. Principais resultados: Os resultados sugerem que os instrutores são adultos-jovens, na maioria homens, graduados em Educação Física e atuando há 15 anos no máximo, desatualizados e sem buscar especialização nem interessados em pesquisas na área de atuação. A AFE permitiu a redução de 40 itens distribuídos por 4 dimensões do instrumento original, para 18 itens distribuídos por 5 dimensões, que explicam 61,70% da variância comum dos dados, reduzindo em 52,5% o número de itens. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: apresenta-se um novo instrumento com estrutura fatorial boa e aceitável para a avaliação da qualidade de serviços nessas empresas de fitness, atestando que o modelo proposto possui validade fatorial e consistência interna adequadas, sendo indicado para utilização como instrumento de avaliação da qualidade dos serviços em centros de fitness no Rio de Janeiro na perspectiva dos instrutores, Objetivo: El objetivo de la investigación fue construir un instrumento para evaluar la calidad de los servicios en la visión de los instructores. Método: Se realizó una investigación de campo, con la aplicación de un instrumento adaptado y específico, en 216 centros de acondicionamiento físico y 164 profesionales en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro - RJ, Brasil, con tratamiento de los resultados mediante análisis factorial exploratorio, para obtener un instrumento. con un menor número de dimensiones y artículos. Originalidad / Relevancia: La investigación es importante porque propone un cuestionario construido desde la perspectiva de los instructores de la academia, ya que los estudios existentes presentan instrumentos desarrollados exclusivamente desde la perspectiva de los consumidores de servicios. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que los instructores son adultos jóvenes, en su mayoría hombres, graduados en Educación Física y trabajando por un máximo de 15 años, obsoletos y sin buscar especialización o interesados en la investigación en el campo. AFE permitió la reducción de 40 ítems distribuidos en 4 dimensiones del instrumento original, a 18 ítems distribuidos en 5 dimensiones, lo que explica el 61.70% de la varianza de datos comunes, reduciendo el número de ítems en un 52.5%. Contribuciones teóricas / metodológicas: La investigación presenta un cuestionario con una estructura de factores buena y aceptable para la evaluación de la calidad de los servicios en estas empresas de acondicionamiento físico, lo que demuestra que el modelo propuesto tiene una validez de factor y una consistencia interna adecuadas, indicando su uso como un instrumento para evaluar la calidad de los servicios en Gimnasios en Río de Janeiro desde la perspectiva de los instructores

Objective: The research aimed to build an instrument to evaluate the quality of services provided in fitness centers in Rio de Janeiro considering the perspective of the instructors who work in them. Methodology / Approach: The method used was application of an adapted and specific instrument, in 216 fitness centers and 164 professionals in the city of Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil, with treatment of the results by exploratory factor analysis, in order to obtain an instrument with a smaller number of dimensions and items. Originality / Relevance: Propose an instrument built from the perspective of fitness center instructors, as existing studies present instruments designed exclusively from the perspective of clients. Main results: The results describe that the instructors are young adults, mostly men, graduated in Physical Education and working for a maximum of 15 years, outdated and without seeking specialization or interested in research in the field. EFA allowed the reduction of 40 items distributed over 4 dimensions of the original instrument to 18 items distributed over 5 dimensions, which explain 61.70% of the common variance of the data, reducing the number of items by 52.5%. Theoretical / methodological contributions: We present a new instrument with a good and acceptable factor structure for the evaluation of the quality of services in these fitness companies, attesting that the proposed model has adequate factor validity and internal consistency, being indicated for use as an instrument for evaluating the quality of services in fitness centers in Rio de Janeiro from the instructors perspective., Objetivo do estudo: Buscou-se com a pesquisa construir um instrumento para avaliar qualidade dos serviços prestados em centros de fitness no Rio de Janeiro considerando a perspectiva dos instrutores que neles atuam. Metodologia/abordagem: O método utilizado foi uma pesquisa de campo, com aplicação de um instrumento adaptado e específico, em 216 centros de fitness e 164 profissionais na cidade do Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brasil, com tratamento dos resultados pela análise fatorial exploratória, com vista a obter um instrumento com um número menor de dimensões e itens. Originalidade/Relevância: A pesquisa é importante porque propõe um instrumento construído sob a perspectiva de instrutores de academia, uma vez que os estudos existentes apresentam instrumentos desenvolvidos exclusivamente sob a ótica dos consumidores de serviços. Principais resultados: Os resultados sugerem que os instrutores são adultos-jovens, na maioria homens, graduados em Educação Física e atuando há 15 anos no máximo, desatualizados e sem buscar especialização nem interessados em pesquisas na área de atuação. A AFE permitiu a redução de 40 itens distribuídos por 4 dimensões do instrumento original, para 18 itens distribuídos por 5 dimensões, que explicam 61,70% da variância comum dos dados, reduzindo em 52,5% o número de itens. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: apresenta-se um novo instrumento com estrutura fatorial boa e aceitável para a avaliação da qualidade de serviços nessas empresas de fitness, atestando que o modelo proposto possui validade fatorial e consistência interna adequadas, sendo indicado para utilização como instrumento de avaliação da qualidade dos serviços em centros de fitness no Rio de Janeiro na perspectiva dos instrutores, Objetivo: El objetivo de la investigación fue construir un instrumento para evaluar la calidad de los servicios en la visión de los instructores. Método: Se realizó una investigación de campo, con la aplicación de un instrumento adaptado y específico, en 216 centros de acondicionamiento físico y 164 profesionales en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro - RJ, Brasil, con tratamiento de los resultados mediante análisis factorial exploratorio, para obtener un instrumento. con un menor número de dimensiones y artículos. Originalidad / Relevancia: La investigación es importante porque propone un cuestionario construido desde la perspectiva de los instructores de la academia, ya que los estudios existentes presentan instrumentos desarrollados exclusivamente desde la perspectiva de los consumidores de servicios. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que los instructores son adultos jóvenes, en su mayoría hombres, graduados en Educación Física y trabajando por un máximo de 15 años, obsoletos y sin buscar especialización o interesados en la investigación en el campo. AFE permitió la reducción de 40 ítems distribuidos en 4 dimensiones del instrumento original, a 18 ítems distribuidos en 5 dimensiones, lo que explica el 61.70% de la varianza de datos comunes, reduciendo el número de ítems en un 52.5%. Contribuciones teóricas / metodológicas: La investigación presenta un cuestionario con una estructura de factores buena y aceptable para la evaluación de la calidad de los servicios en estas empresas de acondicionamiento físico, lo que demuestra que el modelo propuesto tiene una validez de factor y una consistencia interna adecuadas, indicando su uso como un instrumento para evaluar la calidad de los servicios en Gimnasios en Río de Janeiro desde la perspectiva de los instructores

Objective. To determine the risk of becoming ill with tuberculosis. comparative, transversal study with a quantitative research approach, made up of 255 workers, grouped in six (6) health facilities of the Jaime Zubieta calderon health micro-network- San Juan de Lurigancho health network, during the period 2016 and 2017. a data collection sheet was used, based on “the checklist for the implementation of the institutional tuberculosis infection control plan (iticp) in hospitals and health centers”. inferential analysis was performed using the chi square goodness of fit test. Results. With respect to the workers, 83.5 % were between 30 and 59 years old, 71 % were female, 60.8 % were permanent work status and in the occupational group nursing technicians predominated (29.8 %). on the other hand, two health facilities (50 %) managed to answer the list of 14 questions in the affirmative. and, significant differences were found in comparing the proportion of positive responses with the ideal response value of 0.75 per health facility (p < 0.05). Conclusions. There is a risk of getting sick with tb in the health personnel of the first level of attention, of the jaime zubietacalderon health micro-network – san juan de lurigancho health center.

The impact of the phenomenon of seasonality in the profitability of fitness centres occupies a point that requires special attention on the part of the administrators of these establishments. The aim of this work is to compare the study presented by Cardenas, Amboni and Dias (2014) when analyzing seasonality impact in a fitness center in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, with data collected in one fitness center in the city of Brusque, also located in Santa Catarina state. Using this approach is possible to compare the influence of the climatic, cultural and demographic differences of the two localities on the behavior of the clients in relation to seasonality. The study collected information about the number of students enrolled monthly in a medium-sized academy in the city of Brusque, between September 2008 and July 2016, and the data were compared with the behaviour observed in the base article, related to an organization located in Florianópolis. It was possible to observe that, in detriment of the different characteristics of the two localities, the client’s seasonality pattern was quite similar, emphasizing the understanding that year-end social activities, school and business recess, climatic factors and calendar exercise great influence on the behavior of the users, making possible the use of this data as a support tool for the managers of establishments in this segment., O impacto do fenômeno da sazonalidade impactando a lucratividade das academias de ginástica ocupa um ponto que requer atenção especial por parte dos administradores destes estabelecimentos. Esta pesquisa busca comparar o estudo realizado por Cárdenas, Amboni e Dias (Cárdenas, Amboni, & Dias, 2014) ao analisar a sazonalidade em uma academia de ginástica de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, com informações referentes a uma academia de ginástica na cidade de Brusque, também de Santa Catarina. Pretende-se desta forma comparar a influência das diferenças climáticas, econômicas, culturais e demográficas das duas localidades no comportamento dos clientes no que diz respeito a sazonalidade. O estudo coletou informações referentes ao número de alunos matriculados mensalmente em uma academia de médio porte na cidade Brusque, num período entre setembro de 2008 e julho de 2016 e, em posse dos dados, foi realizada a comparação com o comportamento observado no artigo base, relacionado à organização localizada em Florianópolis. A análise realizada permitiu observar que, em detrimento das diferentes características das duas localidades, o padrão de sazonalidade dos clientes foi bastante similar, enfatizando o entendimento de que atividades sociais de fim de ano, recessos escolares e empresariais, fatores climáticos e calendário exerçam grande influência sobre o comportamento dos usuários, possibilitando a utilização destes dados como ferramenta de apoio para os gestores de estabelecimentos deste segmento.

The impact of the phenomenon of seasonality in the profitability of fitness centres occupies a point that requires special attention on the part of the administrators of these establishments. The aim of this work is to compare the study presented by Cardenas, Amboni and Dias (2014) when analyzing seasonality impact in a fitness center in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, with data collected in one fitness center in the city of Brusque, also located in Santa Catarina state. Using this approach is possible to compare the influence of the climatic, cultural and demographic differences of the two localities on the behavior of the clients in relation to seasonality. The study collected information about the number of students enrolled monthly in a medium-sized academy in the city of Brusque, between September 2008 and July 2016, and the data were compared with the behaviour observed in the base article, related to an organization located in Florianópolis. It was possible to observe that, in detriment of the different characteristics of the two localities, the client’s seasonality pattern was quite similar, emphasizing the understanding that year-end social activities, school and business recess, climatic factors and calendar exercise great influence on the behavior of the users, making possible the use of this data as a support tool for the managers of establishments in this segment., O impacto do fenômeno da sazonalidade impactando a lucratividade das academias de ginástica ocupa um ponto que requer atenção especial por parte dos administradores destes estabelecimentos. Esta pesquisa busca comparar o estudo realizado por Cárdenas, Amboni e Dias (Cárdenas, Amboni, & Dias, 2014) ao analisar a sazonalidade em uma academia de ginástica de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, com informações referentes a uma academia de ginástica na cidade de Brusque, também de Santa Catarina. Pretende-se desta forma comparar a influência das diferenças climáticas, econômicas, culturais e demográficas das duas localidades no comportamento dos clientes no que diz respeito a sazonalidade. O estudo coletou informações referentes ao número de alunos matriculados mensalmente em uma academia de médio porte na cidade Brusque, num período entre setembro de 2008 e julho de 2016 e, em posse dos dados, foi realizada a comparação com o comportamento observado no artigo base, relacionado à organização localizada em Florianópolis. A análise realizada permitiu observar que, em detrimento das diferentes características das duas localidades, o padrão de sazonalidade dos clientes foi bastante similar, enfatizando o entendimento de que atividades sociais de fim de ano, recessos escolares e empresariais, fatores climáticos e calendário exerçam grande influência sobre o comportamento dos usuários, possibilitando a utilização destes dados como ferramenta de apoio para os gestores de estabelecimentos deste segmento.

Can financial incentives aid habit formation in people attempting to establish a positive health behavior? We provide evidence on this question from a randomized controlled trial of modest-sized incentives to attend the gym among new members of a fitness facility. Our experiment randomized 690 participants into a control group that received a $30 payment unconditionally or one of 3 incentive groups that received a payment for attending the gym at least 9 times over the first 6 weeks of membership. Two incentive treatment arms offered monetary payments of $30 and $60. The third incentive treatment, motivated by the endowment effect, offered a physical item worth $30. All three incentives had only small impacts on attendance during members' first 6 weeks and no effect on their post-incentive visit trajectories. We document substantial overconfidence among new members about their likely visits and discuss how overconfidence may undermine the effectiveness of incentive programs.

The search for a ideal body often refers to a double speech: while it is based on physical activities, especially in fitness centers, which brings better health and a more pleasant aesthetic, is also a justification for use of dietary supplements and hormonal, which when not supervised by a professional can bring serious health risks. The aim of this study was to verify the association of sociodemographic data of resistance training practitioner. A total of 284 male students from nine fitness centers participated in this study. Participants answered a questionnaire with questions about their sociodemographic data and questions related to the practice in resistance training. The data were tabulated in a spreadsheet Microsoft Excel 2011 program and to verify association between the data was used Spearman correlation coefficient for continuous and dichotomous variables and correlation coefficient of Phi for dichotomous variables. The results showed a positive association between the variable Health Evaluation with the variables Use of Dietary Supplements and Satisfaction with Weight. Nowadays the accesses to dietary supplements and suggestions for his use have become easily accessible, and their use can be harmful when the resistance training practitioner does not use them with accompaniment of trained professional to guide him. Therefore, it is essential professional accompaniment, both in resistance training and in dietary supplementation., A busca pelo corpo ideal muitas vezes remete a um duplo discurso: ao mesmo tempo em que se baseia em atividades físicas, principalmente em academias de ginástica, que traz uma saúde melhor e uma estética mais agradável, também é justificativa para o uso de suplementos alimentares e hormonais, que quando não supervisionados por um profissional podem trazer sérios riscos à saúde. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar a associação dos dados sociodemográficos de praticantes de musculação com a prática em musculação. Participaram do estudo 284 alunos do sexo masculino de nove academias de musculação. Os participantes responderam um questionário com questões sobre seus dados sociodemográficos e questões relacionadas com a prática em musculação. Os dados foram tabulados em planilha no programa Microsoft Excel 2011 e para verificar a associação entre os dados foi utilizada o coeficiente de correlação Spearman para variáveis contínua e dicotômica e o coeficiente de correlação de Phi para variáveis dicotômicas. Os resultados mostraram associação positiva entre a variável Avaliação da Saúde com as variáveis Uso de Suplementos Alimentares e Satisfação com o Peso. Hoje em dia o acesso à suplementos alimentares e sugestões de uso se tornaram de fácil acesso, sendo que seu uso pode ser maléfico quando o praticante de musculação não os utiliza com o acompanhamento de um profissional capacitado a orientá-lo. Por isso se torna essencial o acompanhamento profissional, tanto na musculação quando na suplementação alimentar.

Currently, many people seek some sports practice to better quality of life, disease prevention, and especially a esthetics. Thus, the consumption of dietary supplements is increasing progressively, since these are a fast alternative to achieve the objectives. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize the consumption of dietary supplements for physically active individuals in fitness centers in the city of Cuité, Paraíba. After approval by the ethics committee, were applied questionnaires to 70 athletes and sports praticants in two academies belonging to Cuité city. The results showed that 58.57% were male. Among the respondents, 48.57% declared to use supplements, where these, 73.53% were male. Weight training was the mostre ported practice (57.98%). A esthetics (37.39%) and muscle hypertrophy (26.19%) were identified as the main reason and purpose of physical activity, respectively. The most frequently mentioned supplements were protein (26.92%) and amino acids (20.51%), where the indication of the supplement in 50% of cases wason its own initiative, using only the day practicing the activity (61.76%). Therefore, in order to reduce the indiscriminate use of supplements, it is necessary nutritional counseling of athletes and physically active individuals, aiming to improve the information and ensure security in the use of the products., No cenário atual, um grande número de pessoas busca alguma prática esportiva, visando uma melhor qualidade de vida, prevenção de doenças e, principalmente, a estética. Com isso, o consumo de suplementos alimentares vem aumentando progressivamente, visto que esses representam uma alternativa mais rápida para alcance dos objetivos. Portanto, o presente estudo objetiva caracterizar o consumo de suplementos alimentares por praticantes de atividade física em academias de ginástica no município de Cuité, Paraíba. Em relação aos processos metodológicos, após a aprovação em comitê de ética, foram aplicados questionários com 70 esportistas e desportistas frequentadores de duas academias pertencentes ao município. Como resultados, observou-se que 58,57% da amostra eram do sexo masculino. Entre os entrevistados, 48,57% declararam fazer uso de suplementos, onde destes, 73,53% era do sexo masculino. A musculação foi a prática mais relatada (57,98%) pelos entrevistados. A estética (37,39%) e a hipertrofia muscular (26,19%) foram apontadas pela amostragem como principal motivo e objetivo da prática da atividade física, respectivamente. Os suplementos mais citados foram proteínas (26,92%) e aminoácidos (20,51%), onde a indicação do suplemento em 50% dos casos foi por iniciativa própria, usando apenas no dia em que praticam a atividade (61,76%). Portanto, a fim de diminuir o uso indiscriminado de suplementos, faz-se necessário a orientação nutricional dos desportistas e praticantes de atividade física, objetivando melhorar o grau de informação e garantir segurança na utilização desses produtos.

Introduction: The increased of gym-goers in fitness centers combined with the pressure from the society among the perfect body have been promoted the consumption of dietary supplements. The study aims to characterize the population of gym-goers located in the city of São Paulo, in their nutritional status, body composition and reasons for consumption of dietary supplements. We evaluated a total of 71 individuals in four fitness centers in different parts of the city, 38 men and 33 women. The mean age was 36.7 (13.4) years and the average body mass, 74,7 (12.3) kg. Of the total, 17 individuals reported consuming dietary supplements on a regular basis, and the whey protein and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) are the most used. The predominant physical activity was the muscle-strengthening activity and respondents claimed physical activity aimed at maintaining the health and quality of life. The profile of consumers differs from nonusers of supplements on the frequency, duration and purpose of physical activity. It is necessary to pay attention to the real need of supplementation because the free access to products have been increasing the indiscriminate consumption, often unnecessarily., Introdução: Os aumentos do número de frequentadores de academias de ginástica aliado à pressão da sociedade em relação a um padrão corporal favorecem o aumento do consumo de suplementos alimentares. Objetivo: O estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar a população dos frequentadores de academias de ginástica localizadas na cidade de São Paulo quanto ao estado nutricional, composição corporal e as razões para consumo de suplementos alimentares. Métodos: Foram avaliados um total de 71 indivíduos em quatro academias de diferentes regiões da cidade, sendo 38 homens e 33 mulheres. A média de idade foi de 36,7 (13,4) anos e a massa corporal média, 74,7 (12,3) kg. Resultados: Do total, 17 indivíduos afirmaram consumir suplementos alimentares de forma regular, sendo o whey protein e os aminoácidos de cadeira ramificada (ACR) os mais utilizados. A atividade física predominante foi a musculação para prática de atividade física visando manutenção da saúde e qualidade de vida. Conclusão: O perfil dos consumidores diferiu dos não usuários de suplementos quanto à frequência, duração e objetivo da atividade física. É necessário atentar-se à real necessidade de suplementação, pois o acesso livre aos produtos aumenta o consumo indiscriminado, muitas vezes sem necessidade.

The context for this thesis is the concern that people who practice physical activity are more susceptible to air pollution. For the studies presented here, three perspectives of physical activity were considered: in indoor, i) physical activity in fitness centers; in outdoor ii) the use of bicycle in cycle paths; and iii) active transportation. Knowing the effects that air pollution has in the respiratory function, the increased V? (Minute Ventilation) that practitioners experience during exercise, lead to higher inhaled doses of air pollutants. The primary aim of this thesis is to provide information that is needed to deal with air pollutants and to come to better and healthier choices while practice physical activity in indoor and outdoor environments. It is clear that the sport facilities have to be correctly designed, with the aim of reduction of risk exposure and enhancing the benefits of exercise. Chapter 1 summarizes the context for air quality and physical activity, clarifies their relations, and addresses the most relevant topics interpreted in this thesis. Chapter 2 evaluates the exposure of sport practitioners to air pollutants and their inhaled doses. To achieve this goal, IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) parameters and V? were assessed in eleven fitness centers in Lisbon. After that, the IAQ in three fitness centers was monitored during one week to recognize temporal variations of pollutants and identify pollution sources. The novelty introduced in this chapter was the estimation of the inhaled doses for the typical indoor air pollutants during an aerobic and a holistic fitness class. Chapter 3 assesses the exposure and the dose to air pollutants while using cycle paths. For this, three different cycle paths in Lisbon were chosen and two complementary techniques were used: the instrumental sampling to evaluate particles (PM: particulate matter) and biomonitoring with lichens to obtain the elemental concentrations along the cycle paths. Pollutant maps were crea, Radiation Science and Technology, Applied Sciences

The context for this thesis is the concern that people who practice physical activity are more susceptible to air pollution. For the studies presented here, three perspectives of physical activity were considered: in indoor, i) physical activity in fitness centers; in outdoor ii) the use of bicycle in cycle paths; and iii) active transportation. Knowing the effects that air pollution has in the respiratory function, the increased V? (Minute Ventilation) that practitioners experience during exercise, lead to higher inhaled doses of air pollutants. The primary aim of this thesis is to provide information that is needed to deal with air pollutants and to come to better and healthier choices while practice physical activity in indoor and outdoor environments. It is clear that the sport facilities have to be correctly designed, with the aim of reduction of risk exposure and enhancing the benefits of exercise. Chapter 1 summarizes the context for air quality and physical activity, clarifies their relations, and addresses the most relevant topics interpreted in this thesis. Chapter 2 evaluates the exposure of sport practitioners to air pollutants and their inhaled doses. To achieve this goal, IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) parameters and V? were assessed in eleven fitness centers in Lisbon. After that, the IAQ in three fitness centers was monitored during one week to recognize temporal variations of pollutants and identify pollution sources. The novelty introduced in this chapter was the estimation of the inhaled doses for the typical indoor air pollutants during an aerobic and a holistic fitness class. Chapter 3 assesses the exposure and the dose to air pollutants while using cycle paths. For this, three different cycle paths in Lisbon were chosen and two complementary techniques were used: the instrumental sampling to evaluate particles (PM: particulate matter) and biomonitoring with lichens to obtain the elemental concentrations along the cycle paths. Pollutant maps were crea, Radiation Science and Technology, Applied Sciences

Purpose: Human capital is essential in organizations providing sports services. However, there are few studies that examine what practices are carried out and whether they, affect sports organizations achieve better results are. Therefore the aim of this paper is to analyze the practices of human resource management in private fitness centers and the relationship established with organizational performance. Design/methodology: Questionnaire to 101 managers of private fitness centers in Spain, performing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and linear regressions between the variables. Findings: In organizations of fitness, the findings show that training practices, reward, communication and selection are positively correlated with organizational performance. Research limitations/implications: The fact that you made a convenience sampling in a given country and reduce the extrapolation of the results to the market. Originality/value: First, it represents a contribution to the fact that there are no studies analyzing the management of human resources in sport organizations from the point of view of the top leaders. On the other hand, allows fitness center managers to adopt practices to improve organizational performance.

BackgroundThe effectiveness of clinic-based pulmonary rehabilitation in advanced COPD is well established, but few data exist for less severe patients treated in alternative settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a novel, community-based exercise program (CBE) was feasible and effective for patients with moderate COPD.MethodsNineteen patients with moderate COPD (mean FEV1 62%) and self-reported exercise impairment were randomized to 12-weeks of progressive endurance and strength training at a local health club under the guidance of a certified personal trainer, or to continuation of unsupervised habitual physical activity. Outcomes assessed at baseline and 12 weeks included session compliance, intensity adherence, treadmill endurance time, muscle strength, dyspnea, and health status.ResultsCompliance was 94% and adherence was 83%. Comparisons between CBE and control groups yielded the following mean (SEM) differences in favor of CBE: endurance time 134 (74) seconds versus -59 (49) seconds (P=0.041) and TDI 5.1 (0.8) versus -0.2 (0.5) (P<0.001). The CBE group increased muscle strength (weight lifted) by 11.8 kilograms per subject per week of training (P<0.001). SGRQ was not significantly changed.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel community-based exercise program involving health clubs and personal trainers for patients with moderate COPD.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01985529.

Purpose: Human capital is essential in organizations providing sports services. However, there are few studies that examine what practices are carried out and whether they, affect sports organizations achieve better results are. Therefore the aim of this paper is to analyze the practices of human resource management in private fitness centers and the relationship established with organizational performance. Design/methodology: Questionnaire to 101 managers of private fitness centers in Spain, performing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and linear regressions between the variables. Findings: In organizations of fitness, the findings show that training practices, reward, communication and selection are positively correlated with organizational performance. Research limitations/implications: The fact that you made a convenience sampling in a given country and reduce the extrapolation of the results to the market. Originality/value: First, it represents a contribution to the fact that there are no studies analyzing the management of human resources in sport organizations from the point of view of the top leaders. On the other hand, allows fitness center managers to adopt practices to improve organizational performance.

Purpose: Human capital is essential in organizations providing sports services. However, there are few studies that examine what practices are carried out and whether they, affect sports organizations achieve better results are. Therefore the aim of this paper is to analyze the practices of human resource management in private fitness centers and the relationship established with organizational performance. Design/methodology: Questionnaire to 101 managers of private fitness centers in Spain, performing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and linear regressions between the variables. Findings: In organizations of fitness, the findings show that training practices, reward, communication and selection are positively correlated with organizational performance. Research limitations/implications: The fact that you made a convenience sampling in a given country and reduce the extrapolation of the results to the market. Originality/value: First, it represents a contribution to the fact that there are no studies analyzing the management of human resources in sport organizations from the point of view of the top leaders. On the other hand, allows fitness center managers to adopt practices to improve organizational performance.

BackgroundThe effectiveness of clinic-based pulmonary rehabilitation in advanced COPD is well established, but few data exist for less severe patients treated in alternative settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a novel, community-based exercise program (CBE) was feasible and effective for patients with moderate COPD.MethodsNineteen patients with moderate COPD (mean FEV1 62%) and self-reported exercise impairment were randomized to 12-weeks of progressive endurance and strength training at a local health club under the guidance of a certified personal trainer, or to continuation of unsupervised habitual physical activity. Outcomes assessed at baseline and 12 weeks included session compliance, intensity adherence, treadmill endurance time, muscle strength, dyspnea, and health status.ResultsCompliance was 94% and adherence was 83%. Comparisons between CBE and control groups yielded the following mean (SEM) differences in favor of CBE: endurance time 134 (74) seconds versus -59 (49) seconds (P=0.041) and TDI 5.1 (0.8) versus -0.2 (0.5) (P<0.001). The CBE group increased muscle strength (weight lifted) by 11.8 kilograms per subject per week of training (P<0.001). SGRQ was not significantly changed.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel community-based exercise program involving health clubs and personal trainers for patients with moderate COPD.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01985529.

Purpose: Human capital is essential in organizations providing sports services. However, there are few studies that examine what practices are carried out and whether they, affect sports organizations achieve better results are. Therefore the aim of this paper is to analyze the practices of human resource management in private fitness centers and the relationship established with organizational performance. Design/methodology: Questionnaire to 101 managers of private fitness centers in Spain, performing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and linear regressions between the variables. Findings: In organizations of fitness, the findings show that training practices, reward, communication and selection are positively correlated with organizational performance. Research limitations/implications: The fact that you made a convenience sampling in a given country and reduce the extrapolation of the results to the market. Originality/value: First, it represents a contribution to the fact that there are no studies analyzing the management of human resources in sport organizations from the point of view of the top leaders. On the other hand, allows fitness center managers to adopt practices to improve organizational performance.

The low-cost approach is a current trend, which has recently become the vogue in the fitness industry, with its frequent use of the new information and communication technologies. However, due to the novelty this approach, it is unknown how customers perceive their services and the type of customers who will use these sports facilities. The aim of this study is to analyze quality perception and future behavioral intentions of low-cost fitness centers customers, as well as to examine whether there are significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics, and the use of Facebook and the Internet. To this effect, a study was conducted on a sample of 1279 users of low-cost fitness centers (692 women and 587 men), and an analysis was performed using exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, t test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show reliable and valid scales of perceived service quality and loyalty, and the existence of significant differences in the dimensions studied in terms of gender, age, permanence, use of Facebook and use of the Internet. These findings show the importance of good service management, as well as proper management of the new information and communication technologies., El modelo low-cost es una apuesta actual que comienza a tener presencia en la industria del fitness y utiliza frecuentemente las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Sin embargo, por su novedad se desconoce el tipo de cliente que frecuenta estas instalaciones y cómo percibe sus servicios. Por ello, los objetivos que plantea este estudio son: en primer lugar, analizar la percepción de calidad y las intenciones futuras de comportamiento de los clientes en centros de fitness low-cost y, en segundo lugar, examinar si existen diferencias significativas en cuanto a las características sociodemográficas y la utilización de Facebook y de la web. Para ello se utilizó una muestra compuesta por 1279 usuarios de centros de fitness low-cost (692 mujeres y 587 varones), se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, un análisis de la fiabilidad y prueba t y ANOVA de un factor. Los resultados muestran escalas fiables y válidas de calidad percibida de servicio y fidelidad, así como la existencia de diferencias significativas en las variables estudiadas en cuanto a sexo, edad, permanencia, uso de Facebook y uso de la web. Estos hallazgos muestran la importancia de una buena gestión de los servicios y la correcta gestión de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación.El modelo low-cost es una apuesta actual que comienza a tener presencia en la industria del fitness y utiliza frecuentemente las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Sin embargo, por su novedad se desconoce el tipo de cliente que frecuenta estas instalaciones y cómo percibe sus servicios. Por ello, los objetivos que plantea este estudio son: en primer lugar, analizar la percepción de calidad y las intenciones futuras de comportamiento de los clientes en centros de fitness low-cost y, en segundo lugar, examinar si existen diferencias significativas en cuanto a las características sociodemográficas y la utilización de Facebook y de la web. Para ello se utilizó una muestr

Objeto: El capital humano es imprescindible en organizaciones que prestan servicios deportivos. Sin embargo, son pocos los estudios que analizan cuáles son las prácticas que se llevan a cabo y si éstas, repercuten en que las organizaciones deportivas consigan mejores resultados. Por esta razón el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las prácticas de gestión de recursos humanos en centros de fitness privados y la relación que se establece con el rendimiento organizacional. Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Cuestionario a 101 gerentes de centros de fitness privados españoles, realizando análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, y regresiones lineales entre las variables. Aportaciones y resultados: En organizaciones de fitness, los hallazgos muestran que las prácticas de formación, recompensa, comunicación y selección tienen una correlación positiva con el rendimiento organizacional. Limitaciones: El hecho de que se haya realizado un muestreo de conveniencia y en un país determinado reduce la extrapolación de los resultados al mercado. Originalidad / Valor añadido: En primer lugar, supone una contribución el hecho de que no existen estudios que analicen la gestión de los recursos humanos en organizaciones deportivas desde el punto de vista de los máximos dirigentes. Por otro lado, permite a los gestores de centros de fitness la adopción de prácticas para mejorar el rendimiento organizacional. Purpose: Human capital is essential in organizations providing sports services. However, there are few studies that examine what practices are carried out and whether they, affect sports organizations achieve better results are. Therefore the aim of this paper is to analyze the practices of human resource management in private fitness centers and the relationship established with organizational performance. Design/methodology: Questionnaire to 101 managers of private fitness centers in Spain, performing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and linear regressions between, Peer Reviewed

Purpose: Human capital is essential in organizations providing sports services. However, there are few studies that examine what practices are carried out and whether they, affect sports organizations achieve better results are. Therefore the aim of this paper is to analyze the practices of human resource management in private fitness centers and the relationship established with organizational performance. Design/methodology: Questionnaire to 101 managers of private fitness centers in Spain, performing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and linear regressions between the variables. Findings: In organizations of fitness, the findings show that training practices, reward, communication and selection are positively correlated with organizational performance. Research limitations/implications: The fact that you made a convenience sampling in a given country and reduce the extrapolation of the results to the market. Originality/value: First, it represents a contribution to the fact that there are no studies analyzing the management of human resources in sport organizations from the point of view of the top leaders. On the other hand, allows fitness center managers to adopt practices to improve organizational performance.

Purpose: Human capital is essential in organizations providing sports services. However, there are few studies that examine what practices are carried out and whether they, affect sports organizations achieve better results are. Therefore the aim of this paper is to analyze the practices of human resource management in private fitness centers and the relationship established with organizational performance. Design/methodology: Questionnaire to 101 managers of private fitness centers in Spain, performing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and linear regressions between the variables. Findings: In organizations of fitness, the findings show that training practices, reward, communication and selection are positively correlated with organizational performance. Research limitations/implications: The fact that you made a convenience sampling in a given country and reduce the extrapolation of the results to the market. Originality/value: First, it represents a contribution to the fact that there are no studies analyzing the management of human resources in sport organizations from the point of view of the top leaders. On the other hand, allows fitness center managers to adopt practices to improve organizational performance.

Purpose: Human capital is essential in organizations providing sports services. However, there are few studies that examine what practices are carried out and whether they, affect sports organizations achieve better results are. Therefore the aim of this paper is to analyze the practices of human resource management in private fitness centers and the relationship established with organizational performance. Design/methodology: Questionnaire to 101 managers of private fitness centers in Spain, performing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and linear regressions between the variables. Findings: In organizations of fitness, the findings show that training practices, reward, communication and selection are positively correlated with organizational performance. Research limitations/implications: The fact that you made a convenience sampling in a given country and reduce the extrapolation of the results to the market. Originality/value: First, it represents a contribution to the fact that there are no studies analyzing the management of human resources in sport organizations from the point of view of the top leaders. On the other hand, allows fitness center managers to adopt practices to improve organizational performance.

BACKGROUND: The number of fitness centres has increased in Western countries, some proposing specific training programmes (cardiac patients, weight loss or seniors).There is a real risk of cardiovascular events for individuals without cardiovascular evaluation. Fitness centres could represent a place at particularly high risk for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: In this observational study, we evaluated the number of fitness centres with automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) throughout the French-speaking part of Belgium, their geographic localization, the number of attendees, and the number of SCA reported. Details of AED and SCA were obtained by telephone survey. RESUITS: A total of 51 centres were surveyed. Only 5 (9.8%) had an AED and 68.8% (35/51) of centres had > 1 staff members specifically trained in CPR. Since the opening of these facilities, 5 SCA were reported from 3 centres (5.9%). Only 2 fitness centres had an AED present at the time of the SCA.Two SCA were unwitnessed, and for another 2 victims AED was used without success. Well-conducted CPR (no AED available) resulted in the only survivor of SCA. CONCLUSION: The rate of SCA in fitness centres in French-speaking Belgium is comparable to that reported in other countries. AED were available in less than 10% of centres and no CPR trained staff was available in almost one third of the centres.

The aim of this study is to investigate where and why the fitness clubs, Sats and Friskis & Svettis in Stockholms county, choose to locate their facilities in certain places and which their primarily targetgroups are. Furthermore, the aim is to gain knowledge of people’s health status in areas where the facilities are located, in order to see if they are located where exercise is most needed. Interviews were conducted with members of the fitness clubs but also with non members, i.e. people who lived in areas with an absence of fitness facilities. Further interviews have been made with managers of the fitness clubs and with two political representatives. The other methods were mapping of the facilities inrelationship to different variables in ArcGIS and field observations. The results of this study show thatthe facilities are mostly located in the central of Stockholm and places where income levels,population density and amount of people working in an area are high. The facilities can also be foundwhere there are large flows of people, for example near commercial centers such as shopping malls.The fitness clubs do not primarily focus on establishing any facilities in places where exercise is mostneeded. The target groups for Friskis & Svettis were both younger and older people and those who wanted to pay a low membership fee while Sats target groups were people aged between 20-50 years and were willing to pay a high price for a membership. Based on price for a membership, availability and what the clubs offers, some people may get excluded from Sats and Friskis & Svettis. Those people mostly live in low status areas and if they eventually would become members of the clubs it would require cheap prices, culture-specific exercise forms and better proximity between the residenceand the facility. Finally, since both the fitness clubs and the political representative’s claims that people everywhere should have the possibility to exercise regardless of their in

The aim of this study is to investigate where and why the fitness clubs, Sats and Friskis & Svettis in Stockholms county, choose to locate their facilities in certain places and which their primarily targetgroups are. Furthermore, the aim is to gain knowledge of people’s health status in areas where the facilities are located, in order to see if they are located where exercise is most needed. Interviews were conducted with members of the fitness clubs but also with non members, i.e. people who lived in areas with an absence of fitness facilities. Further interviews have been made with managers of the fitness clubs and with two political representatives. The other methods were mapping of the facilities inrelationship to different variables in ArcGIS and field observations. The results of this study show thatthe facilities are mostly located in the central of Stockholm and places where income levels,population density and amount of people working in an area are high. The facilities can also be foundwhere there are large flows of people, for example near commercial centers such as shopping malls.The fitness clubs do not primarily focus on establishing any facilities in places where exercise is mostneeded. The target groups for Friskis & Svettis were both younger and older people and those who wanted to pay a low membership fee while Sats target groups were people aged between 20-50 years and were willing to pay a high price for a membership. Based on price for a membership, availability and what the clubs offers, some people may get excluded from Sats and Friskis & Svettis. Those people mostly live in low status areas and if they eventually would become members of the clubs it would require cheap prices, culture-specific exercise forms and better proximity between the residenceand the facility. Finally, since both the fitness clubs and the political representative’s claims that people everywhere should have the possibility to exercise regardless of their in

This document was prepared by the 341st Civil Engineer Squadron, Environmental Flight, Malmstrom AFB, Montana. This draft report is intended to permit Malmstrom AFB to make a fully informed decision and provide public notice for the proposed project to satisfy requirements set forth in the National Environmental Policy Act. Comments based on this draft Environmental Assessment shall be consolidated and used to develop a final Environmental Assessment which will determine whether this activity represents a significant impact to the human environment, and require the preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement.