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Background: Longterm exposure to aminoglycoside such as kanamycin to cochlear cells is known to be associated with damage to outer hair cells in the organ Cortiand type 1 sensory hair cells in the vestibular organs which ultimately causes permanent damage to hair cells. Hair cell damage occurs from the basal cochlea (high frequency area) to the apex cochlea (low frequency area) and followed by damage from the auditory nerve. Evaluation of cochlear dysfunction on multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) patients have been rarelyreported in the literature based on distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE).Objectives: To prove cochlear dysfunction after kanamycin injection in MDR TB patient based on DPOAE examination of the overall frequencies and specific frequency.Methods: An observational longitudinal analytic with pre and post design without control group conducted in the infection division of MDR TB Outpatients Pulmonology Department and Otorhinolaryngology Community division of ORL-HNS Department Dr. Soetomo general hospital Surabaya, within 3 months in 2018, 15 ear with the best baseline examination were taken by consecutive sampling and statistical analysis for cochlear dysfunction based on overall frequency and specific frequency DPOAE examination using Mc Nemar test.Results: Based on DPOAE examination of overall frequencies there was no cochlear dysfunction (p > 0.05) but a significant difference was found at frequency of 10,000 Hertz (Hz) (p = 0.002 ).Conclusion:On ototoxicity monitoring there was no cochlear dysfunction after 4 weeks Kanamycin injection but cochlear dysfunction occurs at a specific frequency of 10,000 Hz.

Background: Longterm exposure to aminoglycoside such as kanamycin to cochlear cells is known to be associated with damage to outer hair cells in the organ Cortiand type 1 sensory hair cells in the vestibular organs which ultimately causes permanent damage to hair cells. Hair cell damage occurs from the basal cochlea (high frequency area) to the apex cochlea (low frequency area) and followed by damage from the auditory nerve. Evaluation of cochlear dysfunction on multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) patients have been rarelyreported in the literature based on distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE).Objectives: To prove cochlear dysfunction after kanamycin injection in MDR TB patient based on DPOAE examination of the overall frequencies and specific frequency.Methods: An observational longitudinal analytic with pre and post design without control group conducted in the infection division of MDR TB Outpatients Pulmonology Department and Otorhinolaryngology Community division of ORL-HNS Department Dr. Soetomo general hospital Surabaya, within 3 months in 2018, 15 ear with the best baseline examination were taken by consecutive sampling and statistical analysis for cochlear dysfunction based on overall frequency and specific frequency DPOAE examination using Mc Nemar test.Results: Based on DPOAE examination of overall frequencies there was no cochlear dysfunction (p > 0.05) but a significant difference was found at frequency of 10,000 Hertz (Hz) (p = 0.002 ).Conclusion:On ototoxicity monitoring there was no cochlear dysfunction after 4 weeks Kanamycin injection but cochlear dysfunction occurs at a specific frequency of 10,000 Hz.

Cilj ovog rada bio je ocena uticaja kompenzacije pritiska u srednjem uvu na veličinu odgovora distorzionih otoakustičkih emisija (DPOAE) i tranzitornih otoakustičkih emisija (TEOAE). Osim ovog cilja, istraživanje je sprovedeno kako bi se utvrdilo koje su razlike i dijagnostičke prednosti ove metode u odnosu na dobijanje otoakustičkih emisija (OAE) bez kompenzacije pritiska u srednjem uvu, kakav je uticaj pola i starosti ispitanika (pacijenata) na registrovanje (jačinu) parametara otoakustičkih emisija i uticaj oboljenja konduktivnog aparata uva na kvalitet otoakustičkih emisija odnosno utvrđivanje razlika u jačini registrovanih parametara između dijagnostikovanih bolesti. Na kraju, cilj je bio i oceniti uticaj veličine pritiska na jačinu parametara otoakustičkih emisija i ispitati povezanost parametara emisije na različitim frekvencijama unutar DPOAE i TEOAE. Ispitivanje je obavljeno na 150 pacijenata, unutar pola i tri starosne grupe: I (2-15 godina), II (16-40 godina) i III (41-71 godine). Unutar svih ispitanika formirane su dve grupe oboljenja konduktivnog aparata: zapaljenska i nezapaljenska grupa. Od parametara DPOAE registrovani su: amplituda (A; dB SPL), nivo buke (NOI; dB SPL) i nivo stimulusa (STL; dB SPL) na frekvencijama od 1, 1,3, 1,6, 2, 2,5, 3,2, 4, 5 i 6 kHz. Analizirani parametri TEOAE bili su: amplituda (A; dB SPL), korelacioni odgovor (CR; %), nivo stimulusa ili signala (STL; dB SPL) i odnos stimulusa i buke (S/N; dB). Prikazan je i odnos stimulusa i buke (S/N) u dB odgovora na frekvencijama od 0,5, 1,5, 2,5 i 3,5 kHz. Statistička obrada podataka je obavljena u statističkom paketu SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., 2002-2010), a izbor metoda za ocenu uticaja, modela ili testiranje razlika zavisilo je od strukture i prirode podataka, homogenosti varijanse i normalnosti raspodele. Kompenzacija pritiska u srednjem uvu uticala je na povećanje odgovora otoakustičkih emisija (DPOAE i TEOAE) u odnosu na postupak merenja OAE pri ambijentalnom pritisku. Kvalitet, The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of the compensation of pressure in the middle ear to the size of the response distortion otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and transient otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE). In addition to this goal, research was conducted to determine what are the differences and diagnostic advantages of this method compared to getting otoacoustic emissions (OAE) without compensation of pressure in the middle ear, the impact of gender and age of the respondents (patients) on registration (strength) parameter otoacustic emissions and the impact of disease conductive appliance preserves the quality of otoacoustic emissions and determining the difference in strength between the registered parameters of diagnosed diseases. Testing was performed on 150 patients, within sex and three age groups: I (2-15 years), II (16-40 years) and III (41-71 years). Within all participants formed two groups of diseases conductive apparatus: inflammatory and noninflammatory groups. From DPOAE parameters were registered: the amplitude (A; dB SPL), noise (NOI ; dB SPL) and the level of stimulus (STL; dB SPL) at frequencies of 1, 1.3, 1.6, 2, 2.5, 3.2, 4, 5 and 6 kHz. TEOAE parameters analyzed were: amplitude (A; dB SPL), the correlation response (CR; %), the level of stimulus or signal (STL; dB SPL) and the relationship of stimulus and noise (S/N; dB). Is displayed the relationship of stimulus and noise (S/N) in dB response at frequencies of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 kHz. Statistical analysis was performed in the statistical package SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., 2002-2010), a choice of methods for evaluating the impact, model or test the difference depended on the structure and nature of data, homogeneity of variance and normality of distribution. Compensation of pressure in the middle ear resulted in higher response otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE and TEOAE) in relation to the treatment of measurement OAE at ambient pressure Quality registered otoacoustic emissions do not de

Cilj ovog rada bio je ocena uticaja kompenzacije pritiska u srednjem uvu na veličinu odgovora distorzionih otoakustičkih emisija (DPOAE) i tranzitornih otoakustičkih emisija (TEOAE). Osim ovog cilja, istraživanje je sprovedeno kako bi se utvrdilo koje su razlike i dijagnostičke prednosti ove metode u odnosu na dobijanje otoakustičkih emisija (OAE) bez kompenzacije pritiska u srednjem uvu, kakav je uticaj pola i starosti ispitanika (pacijenata) na registrovanje (jačinu) parametara otoakustičkih emisija i uticaj oboljenja konduktivnog aparata uva na kvalitet otoakustičkih emisija odnosno utvrđivanje razlika u jačini registrovanih parametara između dijagnostikovanih bolesti. Na kraju, cilj je bio i oceniti uticaj veličine pritiska na jačinu parametara otoakustičkih emisija i ispitati povezanost parametara emisije na različitim frekvencijama unutar DPOAE i TEOAE.Ispitivanje je obavljeno na 150 pacijenata, unutar pola i tri starosne grupe: I (2-15 godina), II (16-40 godina) i III (41-71 godine). Unutar svih ispitanika formirane su dve grupe oboljenja konduktivnog aparata: zapaljenska i nezapaljenska grupa. Od parametara DPOAE registrovani su: amplituda (A; dB SPL), nivo buke (NOI; dB SPL) i nivo stimulusa (STL; dB SPL) na frekvencijama od 1, 1,3, 1,6, 2, 2,5, 3,2, 4, 5 i 6 kHz. Analizirani parametri TEOAE bili su: amplituda (A; dB SPL), korelacioni odgovor (CR; %), nivo stimulusa ili signala (STL; dB SPL) i odnos stimulusa i buke (S/N; dB). Prikazan je i odnos stimulusa i buke (S/N) u dB odgovora na frekvencijama od 0,5, 1,5, 2,5 i 3,5 kHz.Statistička obrada podataka je obavljena u statističkom paketu SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., 2002-2010), a izbor metoda za ocenu uticaja, modela ili testiranje razlika zavisilo je od strukture i prirode podataka, homogenosti varijanse i normalnosti raspodele.Kompenzacija pritiska u srednjem uvu uticala je na povećanje odgovora otoakustičkih emisija (DPOAE i TEOAE) u odnosu na postupak merenja OAE pri ambijentalnom pritisku.Kvalitet regi, The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of the compensation of pressure in the middle ear to the size of the response distortion otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and transient otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE). In addition to this goal, research was conducted to determine what are the differences and diagnostic advantages of this method compared to getting otoacoustic emissions (OAE) without compensation of pressure in the middle ear, the impact of gender and age of the respondents (patients) on registration (strength) parameter otoacustic emissions and the impact of disease conductive appliance preserves the quality of otoacoustic emissions and determining the difference in strength between the registered parameters of diagnosed diseases.Testing was performed on 150 patients, within sex and three age groups: I (2-15 years), II (16-40 years) and III (41-71 years). Within all participants formed two groups of diseases conductive apparatus: inflammatory and noninflammatory groups. From DPOAE parameters were registered: the amplitude (A; dB SPL), noise (NOI ; dB SPL) and the level of stimulus (STL; dB SPL) at frequencies of 1, 1.3, 1.6, 2, 2.5, 3.2, 4, 5 and 6 kHz. TEOAE parameters analyzed were: amplitude (A; dB SPL), the correlation response (CR; %), the level of stimulus or signal (STL; dB SPL) and the relationship of stimulus and noise (S/N; dB). Is displayed the relationship of stimulus and noise (S/N) in dB response at frequencies of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 kHz.Statistical analysis was performed in the statistical package SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., 2002-2010), a choice of methods for evaluating the impact, model or test the difference depended on the structure and nature of data, homogeneity of variance and normality of distribution.Compensation of pressure in the middle ear resulted in higher response otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE and TEOAE) in relation to the treatment of measurement OAE at ambient pressureQuality registered otoacoustic emissions do not depend

Evaluation of cervical evoked myogenic potentials (c-VEMP) is commonly applied in clinical investigations of patients with suspected neurotological symptoms. Short intense acoustic stimulation of peak levels close to 130 dB SPL is required to elicit the responses. A recent publication on bilateral significant sensorineural hearing loss related to extensive VEMP stimulation motivates evaluations of immediate effects on hearing acuity related to the intense acoustic stimulation required to elicit c-VEMP responses. The aim of the current study was to investigate changes in DPOAE-levels and hearing thresholds in relation to c-VEMP testing in humans. More specifically, the current focus is on immediate changes in hearing thresholds and changes in DPOAE-levels at frequencies 0.5 octaves above the acoustic stimulation when applying shorter tone bursts than previously used. Hearing acuity before and immediately after exposure to c-VEMP stimulation was examined in 24 patients with normal hearing referred for neurotologic testing. The stimulation consisted of 192 tonebursts of 6 ms and was presented at 500 Hz and 130 dB peSPL. Bekesy thresholds at 0.125-8 kHz and DPOAE I/O growth functions with stimulation at 0.75 and 3 kHz were used to assess c-VEMP related changes in hearing status. No significant deterioration in Bekesy thresholds was detected. Significant reduction in DPOAE levels at 0.75 (0.5-1.35 dB) and 3 kHz (1.6-2.1 dB) was observed after c-VEMP stimulation without concomitant changes in cochlear compression. The results indicated that there was no immediate audiometric loss related to c-VEMP stimulation in the current group of patients. The significant reduction of DPOAE levels at a wider frequency range than previously described after the c-VEMP test could be related to the stimulation with shorter tone bursts. The results show that c-VEMP stimulation causes reduction in DPOAE-levels at several frequencies that corresponds to half the reductions in DPOAE levels rep

Williams-Beuren Syndrome (WBS) is a complex neurodevelopmental genetic disorder caused by a hemizygous deletion involving up to 28 genes on chromosome 7q11.23. Amongst the spectrum of physical and neurological defects of WBS, it is common to find sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and a characteristic set of facial features. The gene GTF2IRD1, first discovered in our laboratory, and the adjacent, homologous gene GTF2I, both fall within the WBS deletion region. Haploinsufficiency of the transcriptional regulators they encode is thought to account for the major neurological and craniofacial aspects of the disease. The aim of the work presented here is to drill deeper into the function of GTF2IRD1 by investigating the impact of a targeted Gtf2ird1 mouse deletion on neurological and craniofacial phenotypes using direct physiological and cellular analysis methods. A detailed analysis of Gtf2ird1 expression in the inner ear and the skin was conducted. A comprehensive analysis of hearing capacity in Gtf2ird1 knockout mice was carried out by examining the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and the distortion product of otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). The role of GTF2IRD1 in the development of facial skin was examined by a detailed investigation of the control of epidermal proliferation, differentiation and barrier function, followed by an RNA-Seq analysis, to identify the molecular mechanisms that underpin the facial abnormalities observed in these mice.The hearing analyses revealed that Gtf2ird1 knockout mice have hypoacusis (a higher hearing threshold) in both assessments, indicating that the principal hearing deficit in the mice can be traced to impairments in the cochlear amplifier. We suggest that similar mechanisms may underpin the SNHL experienced by WBS patients. Analysis of the facial skin in knockout mice revealed that keratinocyte proliferation was augmented, keratinized epidermal layers were disorganized and the barrier function was compromised in facial regions wh

Izgovor glasova je značajan za pravilno razumevanje lingvističke poru- ke. Uzroci nepravilnog izgovora mogu biti različiti, a posledice su manja ili veća razumljivost govorne poruke. Stepen pravilnosti upotrebe izgo- vornih glasova direktno je proporcionalan nivou kvaliteta verbalne ko- munikacije jer se preko njih prenose i svi ostali elementi koji doprinose pravilnom govornom izrazu. Pravilnost izgovornog glasa zavisi od pravil- nosti percepcije foneme i stepena razvijenosti artikulacionog i fona- cionog mehanizma (Kostić, Vladisavljević, 1995). Diskretni i minimalni poremećaji auditivne percepcije u ranom uzrastu dovode do poremećaja iz- govora, pa je metodologija koja se primenjuje u tretmanu i korekciji izgo- vora od velikog značaja kako za dužinu tako i za efekte tretmana posebno sa aspekta razvoja sposobnosti koje kasnije mogu imati uticaj na usvajanje školskih veština. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita auditivna percepcija kod dece sa poremećajem izgovora. Uzorak ispitanika je činilo 22 dece uzrasta 5-8 godina sa poremećajem izgovora i 20 dece sa tipičnim govorno jezičkim i slušnim razvojem, istog uzrasta. U istraživanju su korišćeni rezultati dobijeni primenom: impedan- cmetrije, tonalne audiometrije, TEOAE, DPOAE i govorne audiometrije.Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da deca sa poremećajima izgovora na svim primenjenim metodološkim procedurama pokazuju lošije rezultate u odnosu na decu sa tipičnim govorno jezičkim i slušnim razvojem, ali dobi- jene razlike nisu statistički značajne., Adequate articulation of phonemes is important for a proper understanding of the linguistic message. Causes of irregular articulation may be different, and the result is more or less misunderstanding of speech message. The degree of regularity of adequate articulation of phonemes is directly proportional to the level of verbal communication quality. All other elements that contribute to the correct colloquialism are also transmitted by this way. Articulatory accuracy depends on the regularity of phoneme perception and of the developmental level of articulatory and phonatory mechanisms (Kostic, Vladisavljevic, 1995). Discreet and minimal disruption of auditory perception at early age can lead to articulation disorder. Methodology, that is applied in treatment and in correction of articulation, is of great importance both for the length and the effects of treatment, particularly in terms of developing abilities that can later affect the adoption of school skills. The aim of this research was to examine the auditory perception in children with disturbed articulation. The sample comprised of 22 children aged 5-8 years with disturbed articulation and 20 children of the same age with normal speech-language and hearing development. The research was conducted by using: Impedancemetry, tonal audiometry, TEOAE, DPOAE and speech audiometry. Obtained results indicate that children with articulation disorders show worse results in all applied methodological procedures in relation to children with normal hearing and speech development, but obtained differences were not statistically significant.

Izgovor glasova je značajan za pravilno razumevanje lingvističke poru- ke. Uzroci nepravilnog izgovora mogu biti različiti, a posledice su manja ili veća razumljivost govorne poruke. Stepen pravilnosti upotrebe izgo- vornih glasova direktno je proporcionalan nivou kvaliteta verbalne ko- munikacije jer se preko njih prenose i svi ostali elementi koji doprinose pravilnom govornom izrazu. Pravilnost izgovornog glasa zavisi od pravil- nosti percepcije foneme i stepena razvijenosti artikulacionog i fona- cionog mehanizma (Kostić, Vladisavljević, 1995). Diskretni i minimalni poremećaji auditivne percepcije u ranom uzrastu dovode do poremećaja iz- govora, pa je metodologija koja se primenjuje u tretmanu i korekciji izgo- vora od velikog značaja kako za dužinu tako i za efekte tretmana posebno sa aspekta razvoja sposobnosti koje kasnije mogu imati uticaj na usvajanje školskih veština. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita auditivna percepcija kod dece sa poremećajem izgovora. Uzorak ispitanika je činilo 22 dece uzrasta 5-8 godina sa poremećajem izgovora i 20 dece sa tipičnim govorno jezičkim i slušnim razvojem, istog uzrasta. U istraživanju su korišćeni rezultati dobijeni primenom: impedan- cmetrije, tonalne audiometrije, TEOAE, DPOAE i govorne audiometrije.Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da deca sa poremećajima izgovora na svim primenjenim metodološkim procedurama pokazuju lošije rezultate u odnosu na decu sa tipičnim govorno jezičkim i slušnim razvojem, ali dobi- jene razlike nisu statistički značajne., Adequate articulation of phonemes is important for a proper understanding of the linguistic message. Causes of irregular articulation may be different, and the result is more or less misunderstanding of speech message. The degree of regularity of adequate articulation of phonemes is directly proportional to the level of verbal communication quality. All other elements that contribute to the correct colloquialism are also transmitted by this way. Articulatory accuracy depends on the regularity of phoneme perception and of the developmental level of articulatory and phonatory mechanisms (Kostic, Vladisavljevic, 1995). Discreet and minimal disruption of auditory perception at early age can lead to articulation disorder. Methodology, that is applied in treatment and in correction of articulation, is of great importance both for the length and the effects of treatment, particularly in terms of developing abilities that can later affect the adoption of school skills. The aim of this research was to examine the auditory perception in children with disturbed articulation. The sample comprised of 22 children aged 5-8 years with disturbed articulation and 20 children of the same age with normal speech-language and hearing development. The research was conducted by using: Impedancemetry, tonal audiometry, TEOAE, DPOAE and speech audiometry. Obtained results indicate that children with articulation disorders show worse results in all applied methodological procedures in relation to children with normal hearing and speech development, but obtained differences were not statistically significant.

Cílem bakalářské práce je vytvoření laboratorní úlohy a zároveň kompletního manuálu k měření otoakustických emisí na analyzátoru Madsen Capella od firmy Madsen Electronics. V manuálu se seznámíme nejen s anatomií a fyziologií sluchového aparátu k pochopení podstaty a problematiky otoakustických emisí, ale také s prostředím NOAH, ve kterém se měření uskutečňuje. Dále pak se samotným měřením jednotlivých módů, které nám analyzátor Madsen Capella nabízí, jako jsou TEOAE - transientní otoakustické emise, DPOAE - zkreslený produkt otoakustických emisí a SOAE - spontánní otoakustické emise. Také budou vygenerovány případné poruchy, které mohou v průběhu měřením na analyzátoru nastat a ovlivnit tak výsledky měření., The main theme and aim of this bachelors thesis is to create a laboratory task and also a complete manual for the measurement of otoacoustic emissions on Madsen Capella analyzer manufactured by Madsen Electronics. In the manual you will not only get acquainted with the anatomy and physiology of the auditory system to understand the nature and problems of otoacoustic emissions, but also with the NOAH environment in which the measurement takes place. Furthermore, the actual measurement of individual modes that analyzer Madsen Capella offers us, such as TEOAE - transient otoacoustic emissions, DPOAE - distortion product of otoacoustic emissions and SOAE - spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. There will also be generated possible disorders that may arise during the measurement on the analyzer and affect the results., Ve zpracování, Import 03/08/2012

OAE are small sounds within the meatus accusticus externus to vibrations from physiologically vital and sensible cochlea. The cochlea creates small internal vibrations, sometimes they are about 30 dB SPL. They can be produced spontaneously as internal sounds, but the most recently it can be given acoustic stimulation to evoke an OAE. They are not electrical but they are vibrant responses. For their detection it can be used microphones which transform them in electrical signal for easy analyses. OAE is sensitive to cochlear dysfunction that is caused by ototoxic agenses, hypoxia and intensive noise. Dysfunction of cochlea may produce lower or completely elimination's OAE in human. Aim of work was to investigate OAE (TEOA and DPOAE) in children with verbal communication disorder. TEOA and DPOAE more assessed in children aged from 5 to 8 years with articulation disorders, developmental dysphasia, stuttering and in children with normal speech-language development. Investigation results showed statistical important differences (TEOAE and DPOAE) between hearing impaired children and all the others investigation groups and between children with developmental dysphasia in related with children with typically speech and language development on TEOAE right ear, on DPOAE both sides., OAE predstavljaju zvuci u spoljašnjem slušnom kanalu koji potiču od fiziološki vitalne i osetljive kohlee. Zvuci koje stvara kohlea su mali ali potencijalno audibilni i ponekad dostižu do 30 dB SPL. Oni mogu da nastanu spontano, ali mnogo češće OAE prati akustičku stimulaciju. OAE je osetljiva na kohlearnu disfunkciju koja je uzrokovana oštećenjem funkcije spoljašnjih slušnih ćelija čije oštećenje može biti izazvano ototoksičnim agensima, hipoksijom ili intenzivnom bukom. Oštećenje kohlee može dovesti do smanjenja ili potpunog izostanka OAE. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita OAE (TEOAE i DPOAE) kod dece sa poremećajima u verbalnoj komunikaciji (oštećenje sluha, poremećaj artikulacije, razvojna disfazija, mucanje) u odnosu na decu sa tipičnim govorno jezičkim razvojem. Uzorak ispitanika je činilo 104 dece uzrasta 5-8 godina sa poremećajem verbalne komunikacije (poremećaj artikulacije, razvojna disfazija, mucanje) i kod dece sa tipičnim govorno jezičkim razvojem. Kod sve dece je ispitana TEOAE i DPOAE. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da su statistički značajne razlike (TEOAE i DPOAE) prisutne između dece sa oštećenjem sluha i svih ostalih ispitivanih grupa i između dece sa razvojnom disfazijom u odnosu decu sa tipičnim govorno jezičkim razvojem na TEOAE (desno uvo), na DPOAE (obostrano).

OAE are small sounds within the meatus accusticus externus to vibrations from physiologically vital and sensible cochlea. The cochlea creates small internal vibrations, sometimes they are about 30 dB SPL. They can be produced spontaneously as internal sounds, but the most recently it can be given acoustic stimulation to evoke an OAE. They are not electrical but they are vibrant responses. For their detection it can be used microphones which transform them in electrical signal for easy analyses. OAE is sensitive to cochlear dysfunction that is caused by ototoxic agenses, hypoxia and intensive noise. Dysfunction of cochlea may produce lower or completely elimination's OAE in human. Aim of work was to investigate OAE (TEOA and DPOAE) in children with verbal communication disorder. TEOA and DPOAE more assessed in children aged from 5 to 8 years with articulation disorders, developmental dysphasia, stuttering and in children with normal speech-language development. Investigation results showed statistical important differences (TEOAE and DPOAE) between hearing impaired children and all the others investigation groups and between children with developmental dysphasia in related with children with typically speech and language development on TEOAE right ear, on DPOAE both sides., OAE predstavljaju zvuci u spoljašnjem slušnom kanalu koji potiču od fiziološki vitalne i osetljive kohlee. Zvuci koje stvara kohlea su mali ali potencijalno audibilni i ponekad dostižu do 30 dB SPL. Oni mogu da nastanu spontano, ali mnogo češće OAE prati akustičku stimulaciju. OAE je osetljiva na kohlearnu disfunkciju koja je uzrokovana oštećenjem funkcije spoljašnjih slušnih ćelija čije oštećenje može biti izazvano ototoksičnim agensima, hipoksijom ili intenzivnom bukom. Oštećenje kohlee može dovesti do smanjenja ili potpunog izostanka OAE. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita OAE (TEOAE i DPOAE) kod dece sa poremećajima u verbalnoj komunikaciji (oštećenje sluha, poremećaj artikulacije, razvojna disfazija, mucanje) u odnosu na decu sa tipičnim govorno jezičkim razvojem. Uzorak ispitanika je činilo 104 dece uzrasta 5-8 godina sa poremećajem verbalne komunikacije (poremećaj artikulacije, razvojna disfazija, mucanje) i kod dece sa tipičnim govorno jezičkim razvojem. Kod sve dece je ispitana TEOAE i DPOAE. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da su statistički značajne razlike (TEOAE i DPOAE) prisutne između dece sa oštećenjem sluha i svih ostalih ispitivanih grupa i između dece sa razvojnom disfazijom u odnosu decu sa tipičnim govorno jezičkim razvojem na TEOAE (desno uvo), na DPOAE (obostrano).

Cílem této diplomové práce bylo stanovení prahu sluchu vzorku dospělé populace Moravskoslezského kraje pomocí audiometrie s využitím otoakustických emisí a vytvoření převodníku z Dpoae na tónovou audiometrii. V praktické části se měřil sluch u dospělé populace pomocí přístroje pro vyšetření otoakustických emisí a tónové audiometrie. Z výsledků těchto měření byla provedena matematická modelace u jednotlivých metod., The aim of this thesis was to determine the threshold of hearing the adult population of the Moravian and Silesian Region through the use of tone audiometry and otoacoustic emissions DPOAEs from a transmitter on audiometry. There was measured the hearing in adults using the device for otoacoustic emissions trstiny and tone audiometry in practical part. From the results of these measurements were carried out mathematical modeling of individual methods., Import 29/09/2010

This study was designed to investigate the effect of the bandwidth and center frequency of narrowband noise suppressors presented in a forward masking paradigm on distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) level. Young adult female listeners with normal hearing participated. DPOAEs were recorded for two different pairs of primary frequencies (f1 = 1666 Hz, f2 = 2000 Hz and f1 = 3333 Hz, f2 = 4000 Hz) in an unsuppressed condition and three suppressed conditions for each of two experiments. In Experiment 1, the three noise suppressors were centered at the f2 frequency and had bandwidths selected to be equal to, narrower than, and wider than the estimated equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB) at that frequency. It was hypothesized that increasing the suppressor bandwidth from less than the estimated ERB to equal to the ERB would provide a significant increase in magnitude of suppression, but that a further increase in suppressor bandwidth beyond the estimated ERB would provide little if any additional suppression. In Experiment 2, the three noise suppressors had a constant bandwidth and were centered at the f2 frequency, ½ octave below the f2 frequency, and ½ octave above the f2 frequency. It was hypothesized that suppressors centered at the f2 frequency would cause greater suppression than suppressors centered above and below the f2 frequency. Results of Experiment 1 revealed a significant effect of the suppressors compared to the unsuppressed condition, but there were no significant differences between the suppressor bandwidths. Results of Experiment 2 support the hypothesis that a narrowband suppressor centered at the f2 frequency would have a greater suppressive effect than suppressors centered above or below the f2 frequency, at least for f2 = 2000 Hz. These results demonstrate that significant DPOAE suppression can be recorded using noise suppressors presented in a forward masking paradigm. Implications of these results for advancing understanding of the fr

Human HDR (hypoparathyroidism, deafness and renal dysplasia)-syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency of zinc-finger transcription factor GATA3. The hearing loss due to GATA3 haploinsufficiency has been shown to be peripheral in origin, but it is unclear to what extent potential aberrations in the outer hair cells (OHCs) contribute to this disorder. To further elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism underlying the hearing defect in HDR-syndrome, we investigated the OHCs in heterozygous Gata3-knockout mice at both the functional and morphological level. While the signal-to-noise ratios of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) in wild type mice did not change significantly during the first half-year of live, those in the heterozygous Gata3 mice decreased dramatically. In addition, both light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic analyses showed that the number of OHCs containing vacuoles was increased in the mutants. Together, these findings indicate that outer hair cell malfunctioning plays a major role in the hearing loss in HDR-syndrome.

Ein tieffrequenter lauter Suppressorton verlagert das Corti-Organ periodisch in Richtung Scala vestibuli und Scala tympani. Simultan registrierte DPOAE (Distorsionsprodukte otoakustischer Emissionen) werden in beiden Richtungen unterschiedlich supprimiert. Bei Vorliegen eines endolymphatischen Hydrops (EH) ist die Beweglichkeit der Basilarmembran eingeschränkt, so daß keine oder eine nur geringe Modulation des DPOAE-Pegels entstehen kann. In dieser Arbeit wird die diagnostische Aussagekraft von Messungen tieftonmodulierter DPOAE bei zwei Patientenkollektiven mit Verdacht auf EH im Vergleich mit einem Normalkollektiv (n = 22) geprüft: bei Patienten mit M. Menière (n = 23) und Patienten mit Ohrdruckgefühl ohne Schwindelsymptomatik (n = 8). Bei den M. Menière-Patienten sind die ipsilateralen Modulationstiefen (MD) im Median hochsignifikant geringer als die des Normalkollektivs. Dies wird als Hinweis auf einen EH gewertet. Bei Primärtonpegeln mit L2 = 20 dB SL ergibt sich für den Grenzwert der MD mit 6 dB die Sensitivität von 64% und die Spezifität von 90%. Die kontralateralen MD der M. Menière-Patienten sind im Median signifikant geringer als die des Normalkollektivs. Für Primärtonpegel mit L2 = 20 dB SL liegen 33% der Werte unter dem Grenzwert, von diesen Ohren ist die Hälfte symptomfrei. Auch im kontralateralen Ohr kann ein – eventuell asymptomatischer – Hydrops vorliegen. Die Ergebnisse der Patienten mit Ohrdruckgefühl ohne Schwindel zeigen im Median hochsignifikant geringere MD als die der Normalhörenden und unterscheiden sich nicht signifikant von den Werten der ipsilateralen Ohren der M. Menière-Patienten. Das Ohrdruckgefühl kann auf einen cochleären Hydrops hinweisen und die weitere Entwicklung eines EH ankündigen. Bei den Verlaufsuntersuchungen zeigen die MD beider Patientenkollektive, deren Symptomatik sich während dieses Zeitraums änderte, Variabilitäten: mit Zunahme der Heftigkeit der spezifischen Symptome nimmt die MD ab und umgekehrt. Die Tieftonmodulation, The cochlear partition is moved periodically towards scala vestibuli and scala tympani by a low-frequency high-level suppressor tone. Simultaneously recorded DPOAEs (distortion product otoacoustic emissions) are suppressed differently in both directions. This modulation of the DPOAE level may be reduced or even missing if the displacement of the basilar membrane is inhibited by endolymphatic hydrops (EH). In this thesis the diagnostic significance of the low-frequency modulation of DPOAEs is tested in two patient groups with suspected EH: patients with Menière’s disease (n = 23) and patients with aural fullness without vertigo (n = 8), compared to a control group of normal hearing adults (n = 22). In the patients with Menière’s disease the ipsilateral modulation depths (median) are high significantly lower than in the control group. This can be interpreted as a sign of EH. At primary tone levels with L2 = 20 dB SL and a limiting value of 6 dB modulation depth (MD), a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 90% are found. The contralateral MDs of the patients with Menière’s disease (median) are significantly lower than in the control group. At primary tone levels with L2 = 20 dB SL, 33% of the MDs are below the limiting value, half of these ears are symptom-free. So in the contralateral ear a possibly asymptomatic hydrops may be present as well. The patients with aural fullness without vertigo show high significantly lower MDs (median) than the normal hearing adults and no significant difference to the ipsilateral MDs of the patients with Menière’s disease. Aural fullness can be a sign of cochlear hydrops and may indicate the further development of EH. During the course of disease the MDs of both patient groups vary when symptoms change: with increasing intensity of the specific symptoms the MD is reduced and vice versa. Low-frequency modulation seems to reflect the state of the cochlea. Compared to the generally used clinical tests for the assessment of EH like ECoc

Ein tieffrequenter lauter Suppressorton verlagert das Corti-Organ periodisch in Richtung Scala vestibuli und Scala tympani. Simultan registrierte DPOAE (Distorsionsprodukte otoakustischer Emissionen) werden in beiden Richtungen unterschiedlich supprimiert. Bei Vorliegen eines endolymphatischen Hydrops (EH) ist die Beweglichkeit der Basilarmembran eingeschränkt, so daß keine oder eine nur geringe Modulation des DPOAE-Pegels entstehen kann. In dieser Arbeit wird die diagnostische Aussagekraft von Messungen tieftonmodulierter DPOAE bei zwei Patientenkollektiven mit Verdacht auf EH im Vergleich mit einem Normalkollektiv (n = 22) geprüft: bei Patienten mit M. Menière (n = 23) und Patienten mit Ohrdruckgefühl ohne Schwindelsymptomatik (n = 8). Bei den M. Menière-Patienten sind die ipsilateralen Modulationstiefen (MD) im Median hochsignifikant geringer als die des Normalkollektivs. Dies wird als Hinweis auf einen EH gewertet. Bei Primärtonpegeln mit L2 = 20 dB SL ergibt sich für den Grenzwert der MD mit 6 dB die Sensitivität von 64% und die Spezifität von 90%. Die kontralateralen MD der M. Menière-Patienten sind im Median signifikant geringer als die des Normalkollektivs. Für Primärtonpegel mit L2 = 20 dB SL liegen 33% der Werte unter dem Grenzwert, von diesen Ohren ist die Hälfte symptomfrei. Auch im kontralateralen Ohr kann ein – eventuell asymptomatischer – Hydrops vorliegen. Die Ergebnisse der Patienten mit Ohrdruckgefühl ohne Schwindel zeigen im Median hochsignifikant geringere MD als die der Normalhörenden und unterscheiden sich nicht signifikant von den Werten der ipsilateralen Ohren der M. Menière-Patienten. Das Ohrdruckgefühl kann auf einen cochleären Hydrops hinweisen und die weitere Entwicklung eines EH ankündigen. Bei den Verlaufsuntersuchungen zeigen die MD beider Patientenkollektive, deren Symptomatik sich während dieses Zeitraums änderte, Variabilitäten: mit Zunahme der Heftigkeit der spezifischen Symptome nimmt die MD ab und umgekehrt. Die Tieftonmodulation, The cochlear partition is moved periodically towards scala vestibuli and scala tympani by a low-frequency high-level suppressor tone. Simultaneously recorded DPOAEs (distortion product otoacoustic emissions) are suppressed differently in both directions. This modulation of the DPOAE level may be reduced or even missing if the displacement of the basilar membrane is inhibited by endolymphatic hydrops (EH). In this thesis the diagnostic significance of the low-frequency modulation of DPOAEs is tested in two patient groups with suspected EH: patients with Menière’s disease (n = 23) and patients with aural fullness without vertigo (n = 8), compared to a control group of normal hearing adults (n = 22). In the patients with Menière’s disease the ipsilateral modulation depths (median) are high significantly lower than in the control group. This can be interpreted as a sign of EH. At primary tone levels with L2 = 20 dB SL and a limiting value of 6 dB modulation depth (MD), a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 90% are found. The contralateral MDs of the patients with Menière’s disease (median) are significantly lower than in the control group. At primary tone levels with L2 = 20 dB SL, 33% of the MDs are below the limiting value, half of these ears are symptom-free. So in the contralateral ear a possibly asymptomatic hydrops may be present as well. The patients with aural fullness without vertigo show high significantly lower MDs (median) than the normal hearing adults and no significant difference to the ipsilateral MDs of the patients with Menière’s disease. Aural fullness can be a sign of cochlear hydrops and may indicate the further development of EH. During the course of disease the MDs of both patient groups vary when symptoms change: with increasing intensity of the specific symptoms the MD is reduced and vice versa. Low-frequency modulation seems to reflect the state of the cochlea. Compared to the generally used clinical tests for the assessment of EH like ECoc