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Throughout the years, dams have had important function for humans. However, many dams have today lost their function, which raises the question of dam removal. The outcomes of dam removal and their effects on fish communities are not fully investigated, which emphasizes the importance of continuing to study the effect of removal. In this study, I investigated whether or not dam removal in small lake outlets affected fish diversity. I also investigated the effects of the lake area and concentration of nutrients. The data collection was carried out in parts of Värmland, Dalarna and Västmanland counties, where 27 lakes, both with and without removed dams, were sampled. To sample fish, four to eight multimesh gill nets (depending on the area of the lake) were placed at varying depths. Water samples to measure nutrient concentrations were collected in places where the lakes were the deepest. A total of 3 223 individuals and 11 species were caught, with the most common species being perch. The effective species number varied between 1 and 3.44. There was a positive relationship between lake area and fish diversity. Dam removal, concentration of total phosphorus and total nitrogen had no effect on fish diversity. Dam removals can be considered as disturbances in complex systems and their effects may vary. Fish diversity is affected by colonization period and interactions between species, which likely takes long, which may explain why area but not dam removal affected fish diversity in my study. The lakes in the study were relatively homogeneous with respect to nutrient availability, which likely explains why nutrient concentration did not affect fish diversity. It is important to continue investigating the consequences of dam removal in other habitats than rivers, so that management of different water habitats can be carried out in the best way., Dammar har genom tiderna fyllt en viktig funktion för människan. Många dammar har dock idag tappat sin funktion, vilket lyfter frågan om dammutrivning. Utfallen av dammutrivningar och dess effekter på fisksamhället är inte helt utredda, vilket trycker på vikten att fortsätta att studera effekten av utrivningar. I den här studien undersökte jag om dammutrivningar i mindre sjöutlopp påverkade fiskdiversiteten. Jag undersökte även effekterna av sjöarnas area och koncentration av näringsämnen. Datainsamlingen genomfördes i delar av Värmlands, Dalarnas och Västmanlands län, där 27 sjöar, både med och utan utriven damm, provtogs. För att provta fisk användes fyra till åtta provfiskenät (beroende på sjöns area) som placerades i varierande djup. Vattenproverna samlades in på platser där sjöarna var som allra djupast. Totalt fångades 3223 individer och 11 arter där den vanligaste arten var abborre. Det effektiva artantalet varierade mellan 1 och 3,44. Det fanns ett positivt samband mellan sjöarea och fiskdiversitet. Dammutrivning eller koncentration av total-fosfor eller total-kväve visade sig inte ha någon effekt på fiskdiversiteten. Dammutrivningar kan ses som störningar i komplexa system och att effekterna av dem varierar. Fiskdiversitet påverkas av koloniseringsperiod och interaktioner mellan arter, vilket sannolikt tar lång tid, något som kan förklara varför area men inte dammutrivningar inte påverkade fiskarnas diversitet i min studie. Sjöarna i studien var relativt homogena med avseende på näringstillgång, vilket sannolikt förklarar varför näringsämneskoncentrationen inte påverkade fiskdiversiteten. Det är viktigt att fortsätta arbeta med konsekvenserna av dammutrivningar i andra miljöer utöver älvar så att förvaltning av olika vattenmiljöer kan göras på bästa sätt.

Dammar har använts till många saker genom århundrandena, bland annat energiutvinning, reglering av vattennivå och transport av timmer. När dammar inte längre är i bruk och inte är ekonomiskt gynnsamma är dammutrivning en vanlig restaureringsmetod för att återställa ekosystemen. Dammar påverkar generellt ekosystemen negativt då det blir en begränsad konnektivitet inom och mellan vattendragen och sjöarna. Fiskars migration av och spridning av fröer från växter hindras av dammarna. Genom att riva ut dammar öppnas vägar för organismer att förflytta sig. Med utrivning av dammarna sker även en vattennivåsänkning som leder till att undervattensväxter kan bli mer utsatta. Undervattensväxter (makrofyter) som lever i det grunda vattnet bidrar med skydd och habitat för både fisk och bentisk fauna, samt zooplankton. Syftet med min undersökning är att undersöka om täckningsgraden av makrofyter förändras av dammutrivning. Även koncentrationen av fosfor i vattnet samt ljustillgången (mätt som siktdjup) förväntades ha en påverkan på täckningsgraden av makrofyter i sjöarna. Resultaten visade att det inte fanns ett signifikant samband mellan täckningsgraden och dammutrivning. Ett samband mellan täckningsgrad och siktdjup kunde inte heller bevisas. Däremot fanns ett positivt samband mellan täckningsgrad och koncentration fosfor i vattnet. Den här studien visar att makrofyter inte påverkas negativt av dammutrivning vilket är positivt då makrofyter har en viktig roll i ekosystemen., Dams have been used for many things throughout history, such as an energy source, for regulation of water levels and timber transport. When dams are no longer economically viable, dam removal is a common method of restoring the ecosystem. Dams generally effect the ecosystems negatively, as they limit the connectivity in and between rivers, streams, and lakes. For example, fish migration and the spread of seeds are typically disrupted by the dams. When dams are removed, the water levels are normally reduced, which can lead to aquatic plants becoming more vulnerable. Aquatic plants (macrophytes) that grow in shallow parts of a lake provide habitat for fish, bentic invertebrate fauna and zooplankton and they thus form an important part of the limnic ecosystems. The purpose of my study was to investigate if the coverage of macrophytes changes after dam removal in lakes. Also, the concentration of phosphorus in the water and the light availability (measured with Secchi depth) were predicted to influence the coverage of macrophytes. The results showed that there was not a significant effect of dam removal or Secchi depth on the coverage of macrophytes. The concentration of phosphors had a positive significant effect of on macrophyte coverage. My study indicates that dam removal does not affect macrophytes negatively, which may be important due to macrophytes’ important role in the ecosystem.

Periphyton is the dominant primary producer in mountain streams and sustains the higher trophic levels. While certain periphyton groups, particularly diatoms, have received extensive study, the comprehensive characterization of the entire community has been largely neglected. This study aims to investigate the temporal pattern of biofilm in mountain streams characterized by different water thermal regimes. A one-year quantitative campaign, involving monthly samplings, was conducted in five subalpine streams in Northern Italy’s Orobic Alps to collect epilithic biofilm from a wide surface area. The total biomass was quantified and the periphyton was analyzed both for composition (diatoms, green algae, cyanobacteria, and red algae) and for pigments. Disturbance, water temperature, physico-chemical conditions, nutrients, substrate diversity, and light availability were assessed concurrently with biofilm samplings. Results show sharp biofilm variations over months. In all sites, the disturbance was the primary factor reducing biomass and pigment content. Annually, all sites experienced similar turnover in periphyton composition mainly associated with light and water temperature. Overall, the study indicates that frequent quantitative investigations of biofilm help understand intra-annual variations and identify key drivers. Such information is useful to understand the ecosystem processes and the food web dynamics.

Dam incidents and failures mainly occur during extreme floods. In the Czech Republic (CR), large-scale regional floods were recorded in different regions in 1985, 1987, 1997, 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2013, while local floods especially occurred in 1991, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2009, and 2010. During these events, numerous incidents and total breaches of small dams were recorded, and a few large dams were also critically endangered, although they were not completely breached. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of incidents and failures affecting small dams in the CR since 1985. The most significant incidents concerning large dams are listed as well. The statistics show that 62 small dams were completely breached and that 350 were seriously damaged over 35 years in the period 1985–2020. The annual frequency amounts to 1.85 collapsed and 10 small damaged dams per year. The most common causes of the complete breaching of dams were overtopping (85 %) and internal erosion (15 %).

Dam incidents and failures mainly occur during extreme floods. In the Czech Republic (CR), large-scale regional floods were recorded in different regions in 1985, 1987, 1997, 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2013, while local floods especially occurred in 1991, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2009, and 2010. During these events, numerous incidents and total breaches of small dams were recorded, and a few large dams were also critically endangered, although they were not completely breached. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of incidents and failures affecting small dams in the CR since 1985. The most significant incidents concerning large dams are listed as well. The statistics show that 62 small dams were completely breached and that 350 were seriously damaged over 35 years in the period 1985–2020. The annual frequency amounts to 1.85 collapsed and 10 small damaged dams per year. The most common causes of the complete breaching of dams were overtopping (85 %) and internal erosion (15 %).

Microhydroelectric power station is a power plant that provides the creation of a working head of the water column from 3.5 to 5.5 m with the speed of the water flow, for providing electricity to consumers in places located far from power transmission lines located near water bodies. was considered an intended autonomous device.

Microhydroelectric power station is a power plant that provides the creation of a working head of the water column from 3.5 to 5.5 m with the speed of the water flow, for providing electricity to consumers in places located far from power transmission lines located near water bodies. was considered an intended autonomous device.

This thesis investigates the complex challenges arising from the recent reviews of permits for dams in Sweden, focusing on the crucial aspect of water resource disposition and its implications for property rights. By examining relevant literature, legal cases, and conducting interviews with professionals, this study uncovers patterns and potential solutions to address the issues at hand. The findings underscore the significance of prioritizing disposition as a central concern, emphasizing the need for clear and specific contractual provisions regarding easement areas and restrictive rights. Furthermore, the research reveals a knowledge gap in cadastral surveyors' understanding of environmental and water law, which can negatively impact the property formation process and the reviews of permits at hand. However, the choice of property formation measure does not seem to directly influence the ease of future reviews; instead, the individual circumstances play a more substantial role. Proposed measures to mitigate the challenges include reconsidering and adjusting the disposition requirement itself, such as introducing exemptions or removing the requirement in certain cases. By no longer treating disposition as a prerequisite for the process, the burden of proof can be eased, allowing the courts to evaluate each case based on its merits. In conclusion, this study highlights the urgent need for improved knowledge and awareness in effectively managing the permit reviews and mitigating the significant impact on property owners and various stakeholders involved., Sverige är ett land rikt på vattenkraft, både från inlandssjöar men även från våra många vattendrag. Det har därför sedan länge varit en naturlig del av vår nationella kraftförsörjning, och innan elektriciteten var det ett av våra bästa verktyg när det kom till tunga arbetsuppgifter som att driva benstampar eller mala säd till mjöl. Våra vattendrag är därför fulla av gamla vattenkvarnar och dammar, varav många uppgraderats över åren till att idag producera elektricitet. Den grundläggande regeln för att få bedriva någon form av vattenverksamhet idag är att verksamhetsutövaren måste ha rådighet över vattnet. Rådighet kan säkras genom ett handfull olika sätt men huvudregeln är att fastighetsägaren där vattnet finns har rådigheten. Tvister om rådighet är något som nyligen bubblat upp till ytan som ett av de stora frågetecknen inom den svenska miljö- och fastighetsrätten i och med den lagstiftning som trädde i kraft den 1 januari 2019 som avsåg omprövningar av vattenkraftverkens miljötillstånd. Den nya lagstiftningen innebär att samtliga svenska vattenkraftverk måste genomgå en omprövning av sina tillstånd enligt miljöbalken, bortsett från de som fått tillstånd efter 1 januari 1999 (då Miljöbalken trädde i kraft). Omprövningarna av Sveriges vattenkraft har beslutats för att säkerställa att Sverige uppfyller EU:s krav på moderna miljövillkor. Miljövillkoren ska bidra till att de svenska miljömålen uppnås, samt att kravet i EU:s ramvattendirektiv avseende god ekologisk status för vattendrag uppfylls. Vid beslutet tog man uppenbarligen hänsyn till den miljörättsliga debatten men verkar helt lyckats bortse från att den fastighetsrättsliga situationen påverkas i en omfattande del av fallen. Detta bristande underlag i beslutet har lett till att omprövningarna skapat betydande fastighetsrättsliga konsekvenser, vilket redan har visats i studier och artiklar, för bland annat intet ont anande privata fastighetsägare likväl som bolag, dammägare, Sveriges Domstolar, Lantmäterimyndig

Thiamine Deficiency Complex is an emerging health concern for California’s Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Low egg thiamine concentrations contribute to the condition being expressed in newly hatched fry leading to increased rates of early mortality. Increased rates of mortality in early life stages could further jeopardize already depleted populations of Chinook salmon in California’s river systems. In 2020, a study of egg thiamine concentrations at Coleman National Fish Hatchery and Livingston Stone Fish Hatchery revealed nearly 50% of the sampled populations contained egg thiamine concentrations below 5 nmol/g which is the egg thiamine concentration threshold for 95% fry viability. This study assesses egg thiamine concentrations from Chinook salmon sampled in the Klamath River Basin during their 2020 and 2021 annual spawning migrations. The study will also assess relationships between egg thiamine concentration and other variables including water temperature and distance of migration, and it will also evaluate relationships between egg diameter and egg thiamine concentration.See the media created for this project here: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/b49ec1acfdc9435dabeeca0c2606eda1

Water is an integral part of agricultural practices, with agriculture being the largest user of surface water in the United States. Agriculture's reliance on surface water is strengthening as climate change and growing populations are stressing irrigated croplands. This surface water is primarily stored by a complex network of dams, but despite our reliance on surface water for irrigation, we lack a spatially detailed record of irrigation dam command areas. Therefore, we assigned irrigation command areas to the approximately 1,100 large irrigation dams in the continental United States by combining a tiered assignment strategy with field level infrastructure and agricultural data. We showed that these large irrigation dam command areas are responsible for 10.7 million acres of cropland. This translates to approximately 13.3 billion dollars of crops annually that depend on these large irrigation dams for water. The high-resolution, crop specific assignment of these command areas allows for water scarcity assessments that can be used for better water management decisions to address the changing environmental conditions and public demand pressuring the nation's agriculture and water infrastructure.

Dam incidents and failures mainly occur during extreme floods. In the Czech Republic (CR), large-scale regional floods were recorded in different regions in 1985, 1987, 1997, 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2013, while local floods especially occurred in 1991, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2009, and 2010. During these events, numerous incidents and total breaches of small dams were recorded, and a few large dams were also critically endangered, although they were not completely breached. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of incidents and failures affecting small dams in the CR since 1985. The most significant incidents concerning large dams are listed as well. The statistics show that 62 small dams were completely breached and that 350 were seriously damaged over 35 years in the period 1985–2020. The annual frequency amounts to 1.85 collapsed and 10 small damaged dams per year. The most common causes of the complete breaching of dams were overtopping (85 %) and internal erosion (15 %).

[Resumen:] La consideración del efecto laminador de los embalses en la evaluación de caudales de avenida es un aspecto fundamental en aquellas cuencas donde la hidrología está condicionada por la presencia de presas. En este trabajo se presenta la implementación de embalses y presas en el módulo hidrológico del modelo Iber, el cual resuelve las ecuaciones de aguas someras bidimensionales a escala de toda una cuenca. Para la modelización del caudal de salida del embalse se incluyen aliviaderos con y sin compuerta, desagües de fondo y la posibilidad de definir una curva de desagüe ad hoc que relacione el caudal de salida con el nivel del embalse. Como caso de estudio se modeló el efecto del embalse de Iznájar en la hidrología de la cuenca del río Genil, en España. Se consideraron tres hipótesis de cálculo con el fin de comparar el efecto de los diferentes órganos de desagüe definidos en esta nueva implementación en Iber. La metodología definida demuestra ser capaz de representar numéricamente los órganos de gestión del embalse y resolver así una limitación fundamental en el modelado de grandes cuencas con Iber., [Abstract:] Accounting for the flood routing effect of reservoirs in the assessment of flood discharges is essential in basins where the hydrology is conditioned by the presence of one or more dams. This paper presents the implementation of reservoirs and dams in the hydrological module of the software Iber, which solves the two-dimensional shallow water equations at the scale of an entire basin. Spillways with and without gates, low level outlets, and the possibility to define an ad hoc outflow curve relating the flow rate to the reservoir level are included. As a case study, the effect of the Iznájar reservoir on the hydrology of the Genil basin in Spain was modelled. Three scenarios were considered to compare the effect of the different outflow structures included in this new implementation in Iber. The defined methodology proves to be able to represent numerically the outflow structures, addressing a fundamental limitation in the modelling of large basins with Iber.

Competition arises when species share a limited resource, but this can be avoided through niche partitioning. Despite the large body of literature on diadromous fishes, very few studies have focused on niche partitioning when competing for resources. Diadromous fishes are suffering a global decline throughout their range in part due to their peculiar life history traits as they migrate from the sea to freshwater to spawn or the reverse. They are particularly sensitive to river fragmentation induced by barriers. Dams for instance are expected to alter the spatial distribution and resource exploitation of diadromous fishes as well as other organisms. Here, we studied the ecological niche of six taxa of diadromous fishes, temporally co-occurring in the same land–sea continuum obstructed by two river dams. We used Bayesian mixing models run on C and N isotopes to infer the various habitats used and the origin of the trophic carbon in muscle and scale tissues of diadromous fishes. Results showed that the sub-adults of Anguilla anguilla, juveniles of Petromyzon marinus, and Salmo trutta exploit mainly the freshwater, or marine part for adults of Lampetra fluviatilis, whereas juveniles of Platichthys flesus and Mugilidae use all the habitats of the land–sea continuum. In the freshwater habitat, the microphytobenthos and biofilm are the main sources of carbon used, while in the marine habitat, the basal carbon sources are more diverse. The analyses of niche overlaps between diadromous fishes demonstrate that the widest isotopic niches, observed for A. anguilla and P. flesus, also have more impact within the community. Results are discussed in terms of intra- and interspecific competition between these diadromous fishes and their generalist/specialist strategies in an obstructed catchment.

Whole-stream metabolism characterizes energy and carbon transformations, thus providing an estimate of the food base and CO2 emission sources from streams and rivers. Metabolism models are generally implemented with a steady flow assumption that does not hold true for many systems with sub-daily flow variation, such as river sections downstream of dams. The steady flow assumption has confined metabolism estimation to a limited range of river environments, thus limiting our understanding about the influence of hydrology on biological production in rivers. Therefore, we couple a flow routing model with the two-station stream metabolism model to estimate metabolism under unsteady flow conditions in rivers. The model's applicability is further extended by including advection-dispersion processes to facilitate metabolism estimation in transient storage zones. Metabolism is estimated using two approaches: (a) an accounting approach similar to the conventional two-station method and (b) an inverse approach that estimates metabolism parameters using least squares minimization method. Both approaches are complementary since we use outputs of the accounting approach to constrain the inverse model parameters. The model application is demonstrated using a case study of an 11 km long stretch downstream of a hydropower plant in the River Otra in southern Norway. We present and test different formulations of the model to show that users can make an appropriate selection that best represents hydrology and solute transport mechanism in the river system of interest. The inclusion of unsteady flows and transient storage zones in the model unlocks new possibilities for studying metabolism controls in altered river ecosystems.

Arundhati Roy is not only an author but also a committed environmentalist and campaigner for human rights. She is widely credited with revitalising the effort to halt the enormous Narmada Dams project, in particular the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam. Besides writing, she has acquired a distinctive place in the mind of people as an activist.  Roy shows a propensity to explore environmental issues and the devastation of the ecosystem due to human avarice in her writings. The river has been the lifeline of our society and culture since ancient times, but in recent times it has lost its glorious past, it has become contaminated and in various cases, its natural flow has been obstructed because of dam construction by providing excuses of modernity and progress. The river water is an integral part of our daily lives, as we drink it, use river water in cultivation, wash our clothes in it, and cook with it. River is a means of livelihood to many. Aquatic organisms find their means of survival there. However, the river has suffered a lot as a result of human interference. In her novel, The God of Small Things, and The Ministry of Utmost Happiness, Arundhati Roy pens down the horrible condition of the river and unplanned dam construction. This paper uses the lens of river ecology to investigate the symbiotic interaction between humans and other species in river ecosystems.

Arundhati Roy is not only an author but also a committed environmentalist and campaigner for human rights. She is widely credited with revitalising the effort to halt the enormous Narmada Dams project, in particular the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam. Besides writing, she has acquired a distinctive place in the mind of people as an activist.  Roy shows a propensity to explore environmental issues and the devastation of the ecosystem due to human avarice in her writings. The river has been the lifeline of our society and culture since ancient times, but in recent times it has lost its glorious past, it has become contaminated and in various cases, its natural flow has been obstructed because of dam construction by providing excuses of modernity and progress. The river water is an integral part of our daily lives, as we drink it, use river water in cultivation, wash our clothes in it, and cook with it. River is a means of livelihood to many. Aquatic organisms find their means of survival there. However, the river has suffered a lot as a result of human interference. In her novel, The God of Small Things, and The Ministry of Utmost Happiness, Arundhati Roy pens down the horrible condition of the river and unplanned dam construction. This paper uses the lens of river ecology to investigate the symbiotic interaction between humans and other species in river ecosystems.

Erosional incidents have heightened the necessity of studies regarding rock mass erosion in unlined dam spillways. Enhanced comprehension of hydraulic erodibility necessitates an investigation into the geomechanical and hydraulic aspects of erosional phenomena. Controlled blasting is commonly employed to establish unlined spillways in rock masses, and this process results in irregularities along the spillway surface profile. Recent research has identified key geometric parameters of rock masses that impact erosion in unlined spillways, such as joint opening, dip and dip direction, and joint spacing. However, the effect of spillway surface irregularities on hydraulic parameters remains uncertain. Numerous studies have examined the surface roughness of rock at the millimeter scale within the domain of hydraulic engineering. Despite these efforts, a noticeable gap persists in our understanding of how surface irregularities specifically exert influence over hydraulic parameters. Currently, there is a lack of a clear equation or methodology to incorporate irregularities into hydraulic erosive parameters. The main aim of this study is to show how such irregularities affect the hydraulic parameters. This study is dedicated to emphasizing the importance of considering these irregularities. Building upon the findings obtained, the core aim of this research is to facilitate the formulation of an equation in future investigations that effectively accounts for these irregularities when calculating hydraulic erosive parameters. To assess the significance of surface irregularities in unlined spillways, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with ANSYS-Fluent software was employed to analyze 25 configurations of spillway surface irregularities and their effects on various factors, including pressure (total, dynamic, and static pressures), shear stress, flow velocity, and energy. The findings indicated that irregularities significantly influenced the hydraulic parameters. Specifically

Life before the introduction of the Czorsztyn Dam was simple and idyllic, a bustling small village community who’s local residents have resided for many generations. This took a dramatic shift in year of 1975 when construction finally began that would cause the displacement of thousands of families, the Czorsztyn lake in southern Poland is a result of this. The two medieval castles on both edges of the valley create a truly beautiful scenery, however the development of the mega project had major impact on local communities, heritage and the environment. This thesis concentrates on the area that has been flooded as a consequence of this structure. To be able to have a particular example for analysis of the cultural and social phenomenon involved with the flooding of the entire settlement, the village of Maniowy is introduced as a case study. As a result of the construction, the whole population had to be relocated, this resulted in an in-depth documentation of the displacement process., AR2A011, Architectural History Thesis, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences

Risk assessment for the dams in West Java Province with a method of Modified Andersen and Modified ICOLD (DOISP-2) have been done; the assessment is part of the activities of Dam Operation Improvement Safety Project-2 (DOISP-2) at Central Project Implementation Unit (CPIU), Ministry of Public Works and Housing. Dams were studied to analyse the risks of the deficiency of the structure due to the load under normal operating conditions, flood conditions, and earthquake conditions. This article summarizes the risk assessment process, assessment results, conclusions and recommendations for both risk index methods. The document also includes an assessment of the risk assessment process and policy recommendations for the operation and maintenance of dams. The results are risk rankings between the two methods give different sequences; this is due to differences in the risk assessment approach of both methods. Modified Andersen focused on structural deficiencies, especially visually, and modification ICOLD Method (DOISP-2) focused on design flaws and risks downstream of the dam. Although both methods have different approaches, both methods can be used in risk analysis of the dam’s adjusted purposes of risk index assessment.

Hydro power plants play a significant role in the generation of renewable energy by harnessing the power of flowing or falling water. This abstract provides an overview of the key components and processes involved in a typical hydropower plant. The abstract begins by explaining the primary purpose of a hydropower plant, which is to convert the kinetic energy of water into electrical energy. It highlights the environmental benefits of hydropower, including its low greenhouse gas emissions and potential for energy storage. The abstract then outlines the main components of a hydropower plant. These typically include a dam or a diversion structure to control the flow of water, a reservoir to store water, a penstock to channel water towards the turbines, and the turbines themselves, which are connected to generators to produce electricity. It mentions the various types of turbines used, such as Francis, Kaplan, and Pelton turbines, depending on the specific site characteristics. Furthermore, the abstract discusses the importance of the transmission system in delivering the generated electricity to consumers and the grid. It highlights the significance of grid integration and the need for effective power management strategies to ensure stability and reliability. Additionally, the abstract touches upon the environmental considerations associated with hydropower plants, such as the potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems and the need for fish passage solutions. It also briefly mentions the concept of pumped storage hydropower, which utilizes excess electricity to pump water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir, allowing energy to be stored and later released when demand is high. In conclusion, the abstract emphasizes the role of hydropower plants as a clean and renewable energy source. It highlights the key components, processes, and environmental considerations associated with these plants, showcasing their importance in the global pursuit of sustainable energy&nbs

Hydro power plants play a significant role in the generation of renewable energy by harnessing the power of flowing or falling water. This abstract provides an overview of the key components and processes involved in a typical hydropower plant. The abstract begins by explaining the primary purpose of a hydropower plant, which is to convert the kinetic energy of water into electrical energy. It highlights the environmental benefits of hydropower, including its low greenhouse gas emissions and potential for energy storage. The abstract then outlines the main components of a hydropower plant. These typically include a dam or a diversion structure to control the flow of water, a reservoir to store water, a penstock to channel water towards the turbines, and the turbines themselves, which are connected to generators to produce electricity. It mentions the various types of turbines used, such as Francis, Kaplan, and Pelton turbines, depending on the specific site characteristics. Furthermore, the abstract discusses the importance of the transmission system in delivering the generated electricity to consumers and the grid. It highlights the significance of grid integration and the need for effective power management strategies to ensure stability and reliability. Additionally, the abstract touches upon the environmental considerations associated with hydropower plants, such as the potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems and the need for fish passage solutions. It also briefly mentions the concept of pumped storage hydropower, which utilizes excess electricity to pump water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir, allowing energy to be stored and later released when demand is high. In conclusion, the abstract emphasizes the role of hydropower plants as a clean and renewable energy source. It highlights the key components, processes, and environmental considerations associated with these plants, showcasing their importance in the global pursuit of sustainable energy&nbs

Hydro power plants play a significant role in the generation of renewable energy by harnessing the power of flowing or falling water. This abstract provides an overview of the key components and processes involved in a typical hydropower plant. The abstract begins by explaining the primary purpose of a hydropower plant, which is to convert the kinetic energy of water into electrical energy. It highlights the environmental benefits of hydropower, including its low greenhouse gas emissions and potential for energy storage. The abstract then outlines the main components of a hydropower plant. These typically include a dam or a diversion structure to control the flow of water, a reservoir to store water, a penstock to channel water towards the turbines, and the turbines themselves, which are connected to generators to produce electricity. It mentions the various types of turbines used, such as Francis, Kaplan, and Pelton turbines, depending on the specific site characteristics. Furthermore, the abstract discusses the importance of the transmission system in delivering the generated electricity to consumers and the grid. It highlights the significance of grid integration and the need for effective power management strategies to ensure stability and reliability. Additionally, the abstract touches upon the environmental considerations associated with hydropower plants, such as the potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems and the need for fish passage solutions. It also briefly mentions the concept of pumped storage hydropower, which utilizes excess electricity to pump water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir, allowing energy to be stored and later released when demand is high. In conclusion, the abstract emphasizes the role of hydropower plants as a clean and renewable energy source. It highlights the key components, processes, and environmental considerations associated with these plants, showcasing their importance in the global pursuit of sustainable energy&nbs

Bank damage caused by deflation has appeared in nearly all world reservoirs. However, bank stabilization is mostly seen as a solution and implemented only when bank damage occurs. In this case, there is a unified scheme used - a stone bank toe is constructed and the (eroded) bank sloping is restored in place of the erosion wall. However, this paper presents another solution - a solution using breakwaters. One of their basic types is presented together with the diagram and the 3D model. The article also includes a proposal for an unconventional way of stabilizing the shore.

In Colombia, hydroelectric power generation constitutes 69.2% of the energy mix due to the geographical characteristics and water resources available in this country. Although this form of generation is considered renewable, hydroelectric plants involve the construction of dams and water reservoirs (flooded areas), which cause soil, water, ecological and social impacts in general, and generate greenhouse gases. The construction of new hydroelectric plants is being projected in Colombia, so it is necessary to adopt a sustainability perspective which articulates social, economic, ecological and cultural variables, seeking a long-lasting balance. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is proposed as an ideal tool to determine the environmental impacts of hydroelectric projects. This paper reviews how the sustainability approach can be based on widely used tools in engineering projects, such as the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA). The goal is to recognize the environmental impacts of hydroelectric projects, addressing the assessment of environmental and social dimensions. The economic dimension was not included, thus opening the way to new contributions. As a conclusion, there is a need to build a baseline information on hydroelectric projects to apply tools like LCA and S-LCA, with sustainability guidelines, including projects in the planning phase and those currently in operation. Finally, relevant aspects for decision-making are suggested to contribute to the sustainability of future projects., La capacidad instalada para generación de energía hidroeléctrica constituye el 69,2% de la matriz energética de Colombia, lo cual se debe a las características geográficas y a los recursos hídricos de este país. Aunque esta forma de generación es considerada renovable, las hidroeléctricas implican la construcción de presas y depósitos de agua (áreas inundadas) que, además de impactos ambientales en las comunidades, el suelo, el agua y el entorno en general, generan gases de efecto invernadero. Nuevas centrales hidroeléctricas se construirán en el país, por lo que se sugiere evaluarlas bajo una perspectiva de la sustentabilidad, entendida como la articulación de variables sociales, económicas, ambientales y culturales en búsqueda de un equilibrio a lo largo del tiempo. Se propone para esto el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) como una herramienta para determinar impactos ambientales de proyectos hidroeléctricos. Este trabajo revisa cómo el enfoque de sustentabilidad puede apoyarse en herramientas ampliamente utilizadas en los proyectos de ingeniería como el ACV y el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida Social (ACVs) para conocer el impacto de proyectos hidroeléctricos en todas sus fases, abordando las dimensiones ambientales y sociales. La dimensión económica no se tuvo en cuenta, abriendo el camino para nuevos aportes. Se concluye que existe la necesidad de iniciar la construcción de una línea base de información para aplicar herramientas como el ACV y el ACVs, orientada a la sustentabilidad para proyectos de hidroeléctricas, tanto para los que se encuentren en planeación, como los que operan actualmente. Se sugieren aspectos para tener en cuenta en la toma de decisiones con el fin de contribuir a la sustentabilidad para futuros proyectos.

Sea level rise caused by climate change directly affects and threatens low-lying countries. In August of 2021, the report of the IPCC was published, and the findings were disturbing. The sea could rise by a few meters in the coming centuries, causing floods in large parts of West-Europe. Groeskamp and Kjellson proposed a solution to adapt to the effect of extreme sea-level rise, a Northern European Enclosure Dam (NEED). The dam stretched from Bergen in Norway to the north of Scotland and from Ploudalmézeau France to the Lizard Heritage Coast England. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the technical feasibility of the NEED. To fulfill this objective, the following aspect were studied in more detail: the location and layout of this dam, the favorable cross-section of the dam, and the most likely closure scenarios. The first step was to find out what the optimized location was. The proposed location from Groeskamp was compared to an optimized location based on the boundary conditions. The two alignments are distinguished by their length, depth, and location. An engineering perspective was used to evaluate the alignments. The outcome of the multicriteria analysis (MCA) was that the initial alignment by Groeskamp was most favorable. However, a different perspective can result in a different conclusion, and it is therefore advised to look in further detail to come up with a well-founded decision. For the favorable cross-section, two types of closure dams were investigated to determine the best dam design, the caisson dam, and the earthen dam. Both designs were dimensioned based on safety criteria. These safety criteria were derived from the Dutch guidelines for primary flood defenses, with the top event, inundation of west Europe, given a probability of failure of 1:10 000 per year. A Monte Carlo analysis was constructed to determine the dimensions of both dams. Two failure mechanisms are assessed fully probabilistically as these are conside, Hydraulic Engineering

In Colombia, hydroelectric power generation constitutes 69.2% of the energy mix due to the geographical characteristics and water resources available in this country. Although this form of generation is considered renewable, hydroelectric plants involve the construction of dams and water reservoirs (flooded areas), which cause soil, water, ecological and social impacts in general, and generate greenhouse gases. The construction of new hydroelectric plants is being projected in Colombia, so it is necessary to adopt a sustainability perspective which articulates social, economic, ecological and cultural variables, seeking a long-lasting balance. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is proposed as an ideal tool to determine the environmental impacts of hydroelectric projects. This paper reviews how the sustainability approach can be based on widely used tools in engineering projects, such as the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA). The goal is to recognize the environmental impacts of hydroelectric projects, addressing the assessment of environmental and social dimensions. The economic dimension was not included, thus opening the way to new contributions. As a conclusion, there is a need to build a baseline information on hydroelectric projects to apply tools like LCA and S-LCA, with sustainability guidelines, including projects in the planning phase and those currently in operation. Finally, relevant aspects for decision-making are suggested to contribute to the sustainability of future projects., La capacidad instalada para generación de energía hidroeléctrica constituye el 69,2% de la matriz energética de Colombia, lo cual se debe a las características geográficas y a los recursos hídricos de este país. Aunque esta forma de generación es considerada renovable, las hidroeléctricas implican la construcción de presas y depósitos de agua (áreas inundadas) que, además de impactos ambientales en las comunidades, el suelo, el agua y el entorno en general, generan gases de efecto invernadero. Nuevas centrales hidroeléctricas se construirán en el país, por lo que se sugiere evaluarlas bajo una perspectiva de la sustentabilidad, entendida como la articulación de variables sociales, económicas, ambientales y culturales en búsqueda de un equilibrio a lo largo del tiempo. Se propone para esto el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) como una herramienta para determinar impactos ambientales de proyectos hidroeléctricos. Este trabajo revisa cómo el enfoque de sustentabilidad puede apoyarse en herramientas ampliamente utilizadas en los proyectos de ingeniería como el ACV y el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida Social (ACVs) para conocer el impacto de proyectos hidroeléctricos en todas sus fases, abordando las dimensiones ambientales y sociales. La dimensión económica no se tuvo en cuenta, abriendo el camino para nuevos aportes. Se concluye que existe la necesidad de iniciar la construcción de una línea base de información para aplicar herramientas como el ACV y el ACVs, orientada a la sustentabilidad para proyectos de hidroeléctricas, tanto para los que se encuentren en planeación, como los que operan actualmente. Se sugieren aspectos para tener en cuenta en la toma de decisiones con el fin de contribuir a la sustentabilidad para futuros proyectos.

Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Borders and Territories

Multiple studies have recognized the involvement of the complement cascade during Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. However, the specific role of C5a-C5aR1 signaling in the progression of this neurodegenerative disease is still not clear. Furthermore, its potential as a therapeutic target to treat AD still remains to be elucidated. Canonically, generation of the anaphylatoxin C5a as the result of complement activation and interaction with its receptor C5aR1 triggers a potent inflammatory response. Previously, genetic ablation of C5aR1 in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease exerted a protective effect by preventing cognitive deficits. Here, using PMX205, a potent, specific C5aR1 antagonist, in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease we show a striking reduction in dystrophic neurites in parallel with the reduced amyloid load, rescue of the excessive pre-synaptic loss associated with AD cognitive impairment and the polarization of microglial gene expression towards a DAM-like phenotype that are consistent with the neuroprotective effects seen. These data support the beneficial effect of a pharmacological inhibition of C5aR1 as a promising therapeutic approach to treat Alzheimer's disease. Supportive of the safety of this treatment is the recent FDA-approval of another other C5a receptor 1 antagonist, Avacopan, as a treatment for autoimmune inflammatory diseases.

Global river systems are experiencing rapid changes in sediment transport under growing anthropogenic and climatic stresses. However, the response of sediment discharge to the coupled influence of anthropogenic and natural factors and the associated impacts on the fluvial geomorphology in the Yangtze and Mekong rivers are not comprehensively assessed. Here, we recalibrated a seamless retrieval algorithm of the total suspended sediment (TSS) concentrations using in situ data and concurrent satellite data sets to analyze spatiotemporal patterns of the TSS concentrations in the lower Yangtze and Mekong rivers. Combined with soil erosion rates estimated by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation for the past 20 years, we examined the contributions of different factors to TSS trends. The results show that TSS concentrations in the Yangtze River decreased from 0.47 g L-1 in 2000 to 0.23 g L-1 in 2018 due to the construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), especially in the Jingjiang reach, with a declining magnitude of 0.3 g L-1 (similar to 56%) since the TGD began operating. The Mekong River experienced increasing TSS concentration trends upstream and decreasing trends downstream from 2000 to 2018, possibly attributed to increased upstream soil erosion and decreased downstream water discharge. Declining TSS concentrations in both rivers have driven varying degrees of river channel erosion over the past two decades. This study investigated long-term changes in the TSS concentrations and soil erosion in the Yangtze and Mekong rivers, and the results provide baseline information for the sustainable development of river sediment delivery.

The hydropower sector is currently experiencing several technological developments. New technologies and sustainable practices are emerging to make hydropower more flexible and eco-friendly. Novel materials have also been recently developed to increase performance, durability, and reliability; however, no systematic discussions can be found in the literature. Therefore, in this paper, novel materials for hydropower applications are presented, and their performance, advantages, and limitations are discussed. For example, composites can reduce the weight of steel equipment by 50% to 80%, polymers and superhydrophobic materials can reduce head losses by 4% to 20%, and novel bearing materials can reduce bearing wear by 6%. These improvements determine higher efficiencies, longer life span, waste reduction, and maintenance needs, although the initial cost of some materials is not yet competitive with respect to the costs of traditional materials. The novel materials are described here based on the following categories: novel materials for turbines, dams and waterways, bearings, seals, and ocean hydropower.

The article discusses the intertextuality between the film Vilarinho das Furnas (1971), by António Campo and the work of Jorge Dias Vilarinho da Furna, uma aldeia comunitária (1948) or, more generally, the relationship between anthropology and cinema or the ethnographic and cinematographic and literary artistic creations by mapping some issues that have attracted my attention to other possible research, publications, or debates. Vilarinho da Furna would have disappeared from the map and memory if an Ethnologist, a Filmmaker, and a Writer had not created an imagination beyond the reality of a community squeezed between the harsh harshness of the mountain range and the narrow strip of cultivated land “where it is most perfectly preserved a system of a community organization that was once widespread throughout Europe and is now disappearing”., L’article traite de l’intertextualité entre le film Vilarinho das Furnas (1971), d’António Campo et l’oeuvre de Jorge Dias Vilarinho da Furna, uma aldeia comunitária (1948) ou, plus généralement, la relation entre l’anthropologie et le cinéma, soit l’ethnographie et les créations artistiques cinématographiques et littéraires. En cartographiant certaines questions qui ont attiré mon attention vers d’autres recherches, publications ou débats possibles. Vilarinho da Furna aurait disparu de la carte et de la mémoire si un ethnologue, un cinéaste et un écrivain n’avaient pas créé un imaginaire au-delà de la réalité d’une communauté coincée entre la rudesse de la chaîne de montagnes et l’étroite bande de terres cultivées “où il est le plus parfaitement conservé un système d’organisation communautaire qui était autrefois répandu dans toute l’Europe et qui est en train de disparaître”, O artigo discute a intertextualidade entre o filme Vilarinho das Furnas (1971), de António Campos e a obra de Jorge Dias, Vilarinho da Furna, uma aldeia comunitária (1948) ou, de uma forma mais geral, a relação entre a antropologia e o cinema ou o etnográfico e as criações artísticas cinematográficas e literárias, mapeando algumas questões que me foram despertando atenção para outras eventuais pesquisas, publicações ou debates. Vilarinho da Furna teria desaparecido do mapa e da memória se um Etnólogo, um Cineasta e um Escritor não criassem um imaginário para além da realidade de uma comunidade apertada entre a dureza agreste da serra e a estreita faixa de terra cultivada numa “das aldeias onde mais perfeito se conserva[va] um sistema de organização comunitário outrora muito espalhado pela Europa e hoje em vias de desaparecimento”., El artículo discute la intertextualidad entre la película Vilarinho das Furnas (1971), de António Campo y la obra de Jorge Dias Vilarinho da Furna, uma aldeia comunitária (1948) o, de forma más general, la relación entre la antropología y el cine o la etnografía y las creaciones artísticas cinematográficas y literarias. Presento algunas cuestiones que me llamaban la atención sobre otras posibles investigaciones, publicaciones o debates. Vilarinho da Furna habría desaparecido del mapa y de la memoria si un etnólogo, un cineasta y un escritor no hubieran creado un imaginario más allá de la realidad de una comunidad apretada entre la agreste dureza de las montañas y la estrecha franja de tierra cultivada en “uno de los pueblos donde más perfecto se conserva [conservaría] un sistema de organización comunitaria antaño extendido en Europa y hoy en vías de desaparición”

The potential for various failure processes impacting transportation embankments temporarily impounding water has not been a common consideration in the design and management of these structures. However, changes in water elevations due to land development and climate change has prompted concern about impoundment on seepage rates and overall stability of the constructed embankments. The goal of the research was to examine how different aspects of dam safety can be incorporated in transportation embankment management. Current U.S. Mid-Atlantic state policies were summarized, evolving issues pertaining to water impoundment were investigated, transportation and dam embankments were compared, and seepage and slope stability numerical modeling were conducted to understand how example transportation embankments behave under various water impoundment scenarios. Performance assessment of granular materials commonly used in transportation embankments indicates their ability to withstand piping erosion but poor slope stability during rapid drawdown. Results demonstrate the need for infrastructure inventories and hydrologic research on this topic.

Grout curtains are commonly constructed under dams to reduce the seepage through the rock foundation. In the design of grout curtains, empirical methods have mainly been used since the introduction of dam foundation grouting. Although empirical methods have been used with success in several projects, they have their limitations, such as poor control of the grout spread, only an indirect consideration of the threat of internal erosion of fracture infillings in the grouted zones, and the risk of hydraulic jacking. This paper presents a theory-based design methodology for grout curtains under dams founded on rock. In the design methodology, the grout curtain is designed as a structural component of the dam. The risk of erosion of fracture infilling material is explicitly accounted for along with the reduction of the hydraulic conductivity of the rock mass, and an optimization of the total uplift force. By applying the proposed design methodology, engineers can create a design better adapted to the prevailing geological and hydrogeological conditions in the rock mass, resulting in more durable grout curtains. The proposed methodology also enables cost and time estimates to be calculated for the grout curtain’s construction. Applying the principles of the observational method during the grouting execution also allows the design to be modified via predefined measures if the initial design is found to be unsuitable., QC 20220603

Structural solutions in terms of fish ladders and the use of natural materials to construct them often raise concerns regarding the possibility of using the standard calculation methods. The fish ladder being designed on the Wisłok river consists of three pools, separated from each other by baffles made of rock boulders. The purpose of this study was to analyze water surface profiles for fish ladder at specific values of flow rates. The paper presents the results of hydraulic calculations under the conditions of constant flow rate based on the concept of a minimum specific energy. According to this method, water flow through boulders is critical. Thus, it does not take into account head losses, which are hard to estimate and which are the integral part of typical calculation methods, e.g. the use of equations to determine the flow rate of a weir. An additional advantage of this method is that there is no need to assume the flow pattern of one specific weir. Verification calculations of the water depths were conducted using the HEC–RAS software, under an assumption of an one-dimensional steady water flow. Water depths in the fish ladder, calculated using both methods, were similar, despite the adopted different calculation concepts, and can be used in ichthyologic analyses., Konstrukční řešení z hlediska rybích přechodů a použití přírodních materiálů ke konstrukci často vyvolávají obavy ohledně možnosti použití standardních metod výpočtu. Rybí přechod navržený na řece Wisłok sestává ze tří bazénů, které jsou od sebe odděleny přepážkami ze skalních balvanů. Účelem této studie bylo analyzovat profily vodní hladiny pro rybí přechod při konkrétních hodnotách průtoků. V příspěvku jsou uvedeny výsledky hydraulických výpočtů za podmínky konstantního průtoku, založené na konceptu minimální měrné energie. Podle této metody je průtok vody přes balvany kritický. Nebere tedy v úvahu ztráty, které je těžké odhadnout a které jsou nedílnou součástí typických výpočtových metod, např. použití rovnice pro určení průtoku jezu. Další výhodou této metody je, že neexistuje potřeba předpokládat průběh proudění jednoho konkrétního jezu. Byly provedeny ověřovací výpočty hloubek vody, provedeno pomocí softwaru HEC-RAS za předpokladu jednorozměrné ustálené vody v toku. Hloubky vody v rybím přechodu, vypočtené pomocí obou metod, byly navzdory přijatým metodám podobné a lze je použít v ichtyologických analýzách.

Structural solutions in terms of fish ladders and the use of natural materials to construct them often raise concerns regarding the possibility of using the standard calculation methods. The fish ladder being designed on the Wisłok river consists of three pools, separated from each other by baffles made of rock boulders. The purpose of this study was to analyze water surface profiles for fish ladder at specific values of flow rates. The paper presents the results of hydraulic calculations under the conditions of constant flow rate based on the concept of a minimum specific energy. According to this method, water flow through boulders is critical. Thus, it does not take into account head losses, which are hard to estimate and which are the integral part of typical calculation methods, e.g. the use of equations to determine the flow rate of a weir. An additional advantage of this method is that there is no need to assume the flow pattern of one specific weir. Verification calculations of the water depths were conducted using the HEC–RAS software, under an assumption of an one-dimensional steady water flow. Water depths in the fish ladder, calculated using both methods, were similar, despite the adopted different calculation concepts, and can be used in ichthyologic analyses., Konstrukční řešení z hlediska rybích přechodů a použití přírodních materiálů ke konstrukci často vyvolávají obavy ohledně možnosti použití standardních metod výpočtu. Rybí přechod navržený na řece Wisłok sestává ze tří bazénů, které jsou od sebe odděleny přepážkami ze skalních balvanů. Účelem této studie bylo analyzovat profily vodní hladiny pro rybí přechod při konkrétních hodnotách průtoků. V příspěvku jsou uvedeny výsledky hydraulických výpočtů za podmínky konstantního průtoku, založené na konceptu minimální měrné energie. Podle této metody je průtok vody přes balvany kritický. Nebere tedy v úvahu ztráty, které je těžké odhadnout a které jsou nedílnou součástí typických výpočtových metod, např. použití rovnice pro určení průtoku jezu. Další výhodou této metody je, že neexistuje potřeba předpokládat průběh proudění jednoho konkrétního jezu. Byly provedeny ověřovací výpočty hloubek vody, provedeno pomocí softwaru HEC-RAS za předpokladu jednorozměrné ustálené vody v toku. Hloubky vody v rybím přechodu, vypočtené pomocí obou metod, byly navzdory přijatým metodám podobné a lze je použít v ichtyologických analýzách.

Structural solutions in terms of fish ladders and the use of natural materials to construct them often raise concerns regarding the possibility of using the standard calculation methods. The fish ladder being designed on the Wisłok river consists of three pools, separated from each other by baffles made of rock boulders. The purpose of this study was to analyze water surface profiles for fish ladder at specific values of flow rates. The paper presents the results of hydraulic calculations under the conditions of constant flow rate based on the concept of a minimum specific energy. According to this method, water flow through boulders is critical. Thus, it does not take into account head losses, which are hard to estimate and which are the integral part of typical calculation methods, e.g. the use of equations to determine the flow rate of a weir. An additional advantage of this method is that there is no need to assume the flow pattern of one specific weir. Verification calculations of the water depths were conducted using the HEC–RAS software, under an assumption of an one-dimensional steady water flow. Water depths in the fish ladder, calculated using both methods, were similar, despite the adopted different calculation concepts, and can be used in ichthyologic analyses., Konstrukční řešení z hlediska rybích přechodů a použití přírodních materiálů ke konstrukci často vyvolávají obavy ohledně možnosti použití standardních metod výpočtu. Rybí přechod navržený na řece Wisłok sestává ze tří bazénů, které jsou od sebe odděleny přepážkami ze skalních balvanů. Účelem této studie bylo analyzovat profily vodní hladiny pro rybí přechod při konkrétních hodnotách průtoků. V příspěvku jsou uvedeny výsledky hydraulických výpočtů za podmínky konstantního průtoku, založené na konceptu minimální měrné energie. Podle této metody je průtok vody přes balvany kritický. Nebere tedy v úvahu ztráty, které je těžké odhadnout a které jsou nedílnou součástí typických výpočtových metod, např. použití rovnice pro určení průtoku jezu. Další výhodou této metody je, že neexistuje potřeba předpokládat průběh proudění jednoho konkrétního jezu. Byly provedeny ověřovací výpočty hloubek vody, provedeno pomocí softwaru HEC-RAS za předpokladu jednorozměrné ustálené vody v toku. Hloubky vody v rybím přechodu, vypočtené pomocí obou metod, byly navzdory přijatým metodám podobné a lze je použít v ichtyologických analýzách.

The hydropower sector is currently experiencing several technological developments. New technologies and sustainable practices are emerging to make hydropower more flexible and eco-friendly. Novel materials have also been recently developed to increase performance, durability, and reliability; however, no systematic discussions can be found in the literature. Therefore, in this paper, novel materials for hydropower applications are presented, and their performance, advantages, and limitations are discussed. For example, composites can reduce the weight of steel equipment by 50% to 80%, polymers and superhydrophobic materials can reduce head losses by 4% to 20%, and novel bearing materials can reduce bearing wear by 6%. These improvements determine higher efficiencies, longer life span, waste reduction, and maintenance needs, although the initial cost of some materials is not yet competitive with respect to the costs of traditional materials. The novel materials are described here based on the following categories: novel materials for turbines, dams and waterways, bearings, seals, and ocean hydropower.

As the share of renewable energy generation increases, the need for energy storage also increases. Therefore, there is a need for better storage representation in the current energy modelling tools. In the present day, the longer-term energy storage systems are not fully represented since, for existing storage systems, the self-serving nature of these leads to participation in multiple energy markets. This is because participating in other markets, like the balancing markets, can lead to higher overall profits than a storage system only participating in the wholesale market. This thesis investigates different energy storage technologies and multiple prominent storage applications for grids. Furthermore, an overview of the European energy markets will be examined, and different design options will be discussed. These markets include frequency containment reserve (FCR), frequency regulation reserves (aFRR/mFRR) and the wholesale markets. The review of storage technologies, applications, and available markets has led to the development and simulation of single-purpose energy storage models fulfilling grid applications. By combining the specific purpose models, a complete energy market and energy storage model representation could be created. The model created is unique since the complete energy system model allows energy storage systems to optimally dispatch over multiple markets while at the same time also influencing these markets. Multiple cases were investigated using this model, such as the influence of increasing storage capacity on the wholesale and balancing market and the influence of storage systems just performing one service, so only regulation, arbitrage or peak-shaving. Based on the model results, recommendations are made on improving the current energy market designs and how to better represent storage systems in existing energy system models., Electrical Engineering

The occurrence of tragedies by rupture of reservoirs and dams has prompted debates about the search for safer monitoring mechanisms and early detection. From this perspective, geotechnical engineering has progressively explored alternative methods to broaden the understanding of the occurrence of damage in dams. Geophysics emerges as an alternative methodology in overcoming these challenges, given its practicality in obtaining data, resolution capacity, and cost/benefit ratio, and above all by to using non-invasive methods. Thus, this research aims to present the potential of geophysical methodology in the evaluation of geotechnical problems associated with internal erosion, namely and piping in dams. To this end, a literature review was conducted about the geophysical methodologies that have successful identified piping in dam structures over the years. In addition, the theoretical aspects concerning each method will be presented, as well as the advantages and disadvantages in piping detection. Considering the versatility of the geophysical methods presented, it is believed that the increment of geophysical information in geotechnical monitoring can contribute decisively to the early detection of piping

Global river systems are experiencing rapid changes in sediment transport under growing anthropogenic and climatic stresses. However, the response of sediment discharge to the coupled influence of anthropogenic and natural factors and the associated impacts on the fluvial geomorphology in the Yangtze and Mekong rivers are not comprehensively assessed. Here, we recalibrated a seamless retrieval algorithm of the total suspended sediment (TSS) concentrations using in situ data and concurrent satellite data sets to analyze spatiotemporal patterns of the TSS concentrations in the lower Yangtze and Mekong rivers. Combined with soil erosion rates estimated by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation for the past 20 years, we examined the contributions of different factors to TSS trends. The results show that TSS concentrations in the Yangtze River decreased from 0.47 g L-1 in 2000 to 0.23 g L-1 in 2018 due to the construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), especially in the Jingjiang reach, with a declining magnitude of 0.3 g L-1 (similar to 56%) since the TGD began operating. The Mekong River experienced increasing TSS concentration trends upstream and decreasing trends downstream from 2000 to 2018, possibly attributed to increased upstream soil erosion and decreased downstream water discharge. Declining TSS concentrations in both rivers have driven varying degrees of river channel erosion over the past two decades. This study investigated long-term changes in the TSS concentrations and soil erosion in the Yangtze and Mekong rivers, and the results provide baseline information for the sustainable development of river sediment delivery.

Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Borders and Territories

Sea level rise caused by climate change directly affects and threatens low-lying countries. In August of 2021, the report of the IPCC was published, and the findings were disturbing. The sea could rise by a few meters in the coming centuries, causing floods in large parts of West-Europe. Groeskamp and Kjellson proposed a solution to adapt to the effect of extreme sea-level rise, a Northern European Enclosure Dam (NEED). The dam stretched from Bergen in Norway to the north of Scotland and from Ploudalmézeau France to the Lizard Heritage Coast England. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the technical feasibility of the NEED. To fulfill this objective, the following aspect were studied in more detail: the location and layout of this dam, the favorable cross-section of the dam, and the most likely closure scenarios. The first step was to find out what the optimized location was. The proposed location from Groeskamp was compared to an optimized location based on the boundary conditions. The two alignments are distinguished by their length, depth, and location. An engineering perspective was used to evaluate the alignments. The outcome of the multicriteria analysis (MCA) was that the initial alignment by Groeskamp was most favorable. However, a different perspective can result in a different conclusion, and it is therefore advised to look in further detail to come up with a well-founded decision. For the favorable cross-section, two types of closure dams were investigated to determine the best dam design, the caisson dam, and the earthen dam. Both designs were dimensioned based on safety criteria. These safety criteria were derived from the Dutch guidelines for primary flood defenses, with the top event, inundation of west Europe, given a probability of failure of 1:10 000 per year. A Monte Carlo analysis was constructed to determine the dimensions of both dams. Two failure mechanisms are assessed fully probabilistically as these are conside, Civil Engineering | Hydraulic Engineering

Acid mine drainage is the leachate resulting from mining operations, most of which has a high concentration of heavy metals, which creates a point source of both diffuse and localised pollution. Among the most commonly used methods for wastewater treatment is the formation of constructed wetlands. Within the wetlands, the water is distributed along the wetland floor and, in this way, the cultivated plants can participate in bioremediation, the roots have direct contact with the polluted medium and can treat part of the contaminant elements. Wetlands, as passive bioremediation systems, allow control and treatment of a location with low cost of maintenance and construction, which has made them very popular since the beginning of the 21st century. Throughout the work, it has been analysed and studied the old wetland constructed in the area of the Catac mine tailings, inside the Huascarán National Park, as well as the calculation of possible scenarios of a new wetland constructed in the same tailings for the treatment of acid mine drainage., Los drenajes ácidos de mina son los lixiviados resultantes de una explotación minera, los cuales presentan grandes concentraciones de metales pesados, hecho que genera un punto contaminante, tanto de difusa como de localizada. Entre los métodos más utilizados para el tratamiento de aguas residuales se plantea la formación de los humedales construidos. Dentro de los humedales, el agua se distribuye a lo largo del lecho y, de esta manera, se consigue que los macrófitos cultivados puedan participar en la biorremediación, las raíces tienen contacto directo con el medio contaminado y pueden tratar parte de los contaminantes presentes. Los humedales, como sistemas pasivos de biorremediación, permiten un control y un tratamiento de una localización con un bajo coste de mantenimiento y de construcción, lo que ha hecho que se vuelvan muy populares desde principios del siglo XXI. A lo largo del trabajo se ha analizado el antiguo humedal construido en la zona del relave minero de Catac, dentro del Parque Nacional del Huascarán, así como los cálculos de diseño de un nuevo humedal construido en el mismo relave para el tratamiento de drenajes ácidos mineros., Els drenatges àcids de mina son el lixiviats resultants d’una explotació minera, els quals presenten grans concentracions de metalls pesats, fet que esdevé en un punt contaminant, tant difusa com localitzada. Un dels mètodes més utilitzats pel tractament d’aquestes aigües residuals es la formació d’aiguamolls construïts. Dins dels aiguamolls, l’aigua es distribueix al llarg del llit i ,d’aquesta forma, s’aconsegueix que els macròfits conreats puguin participar en la bioremediació, les arrels tenen contacte directe amb el medi contaminat i podem absorbir una part dels contaminants presents. Els aiguamolls, com a sistemes passius de bioremediació, permeten un control i un tractament d'una localització amb un baix cost de manteniment i de construcció, la qual cosa ha fet que es tornin molt populars des de principis del segle XXI. Al llarg del treball s'ha analitzat l'antic aiguamoll construït en la zona del relave miner de Catac, dins del Parc Nacional del Huascarán, així com els càlculs de disseny de possibles escenaris d'un nou aiguamoll construït en el mateix relave per al tractament de drenatges àcids miners., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::6 - Aigua Neta i Sanejament

The hydropower sector is currently experiencing several technological developments. New technologies and sustainable practices are emerging to make hydropower more flexible and eco-friendly. Novel materials have also been recently developed to increase performance, durability, and reliability; however, no systematic discussions can be found in the literature. Therefore, in this paper, novel materials for hydropower applications are presented, and their performance, advantages, and limitations are discussed. For example, composites can reduce the weight of steel equipment by 50% to 80%, polymers and superhydrophobic materials can reduce head losses by 4% to 20%, and novel bearing materials can reduce bearing wear by 6%. These improvements determine higher efficiencies, longer life span, waste reduction, and maintenance needs, although the initial cost of some materials is not yet competitive with respect to the costs of traditional materials. The novel materials are described here based on the following categories: novel materials for turbines, dams and waterways, bearings, seals, and ocean hydropower.

[ES] Este trabajo se centra en la evaluación mediante métodos numéricos del estado tenso-deformacional y resistente de la presa de Ayagaures (Gran Canaria). Se trata de una presa de mampostería de planta curva construida durante los años 50, la cual no dispone de instrumentación alguna para la evaluación de su comportamiento estructural. En este contexto se realiza la verificación del comportamiento de la presa frente a diversos estados de carga, incluyendo solicitaciones hidrológicas y térmicas, basándose en una estimación de los parámetros resistentes y tenso-deformacionales definidos a partir de la interpretación de diversos estudios y ensayos, así como la correlación con información de presas de similares características. Esta verificación se realiza a partir de la elaboración de un modelo numérico en el software de diferencias finitas FLAC 3D, en el cual se simulan los escenarios más desfavorables para la estructura, incluyendo los posibles efectos que podría tener el incremento de temperatura debido al Cambio Climático en la estructura. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se propone un plan de auscultación que permita ampliar el conocimiento del comportamiento de la presa y a su vez proponer una serie de recomendaciones y actuaciones que traten de garantizar que la presa se encuentre alineada con los estándares de seguridad actuales y en condiciones óptimas de operación., [EN] This work focuses on the evaluation by numerical methods of the stress-strain and resistant field of the Ayagaures dam (Gran Canaria). It is a masonry dam with a curved base built during the 50's, this dam does not have any instrumentation to evaluate its structural behavior. For this reason, the behaviur of the dam is checked against different load states, including hydrological and thermal stresses. This analysis is based on the estimation of the resistant and stress-strain parameters. These parameters are to be defined from various studies and test interpretations, as well as the correlation with informations from similar dams. This verification is carried out from the elaboration of numerical model in FLAC 3D, finite difference software. The most unfavorable scenarios for the structure are simulated, including the possible effects that the increase in temperature due to Climate Change could have in the structure. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, an instrumentation plan will be proposed that allows to extend the knowledge of the behaviour of the dam. On the other hand, this study aims to propose a list of recommendations and actions that try to guarantee that the dam is aligned with current safety standards and can be operated in optimal conditions.

[ES] El Plan de Defensas contra las crecidas del río Segura, redactado en 1987 por la Confederación Hidrográfica, constaba de doce presas y el encauzamiento integral del río, desde Murcia hasta su desembocadura. Del citado Plan se han ejecutado diez de las presas, todas ellas aguas arriba del azud de Ojós, y controlan muy eficazmente las crecidas de la cuenca media y alta del río Segura. Quedaron por ejecutar las dos presas situadas más aguas abajo próximas a la ciudad de Murcia, la presa Rambla Salada de Las Torres de Cotillas y la presa de El Tinajón. La obra más significativa y viable en la actualidad es la de La rambla de El Tinajón. Sus afluentes originan periódicamente inundaciones catastróficas en el Segura. El curso medio y bajo de este río queda anegado cada vez que hay avenidas fuertes en la Sierra de la Pila. Las poblaciones que se sitúan a orillas del río se encuentran indefensas, especialmente la ciudad de Murcia y la Vega Baja. No pueden aguantar más desgracias. Se retoma el proyecto de la presa de El Tinajón. Las circunstancias de la cerrada han cambiado. Si bien la tipología del cuerpo de presa, fijada en el Plan de Defensas de 1987 es idónea, una presa de materiales sueltos con núcleo central de arcillas, el diseño hidrológico e hidráulico de sus órganos de desagüe está obsoleto a causa de la interferencia con la autovía A-30, los nuevos estudios hidrológicos, el cambio del marco normativo y las nuevas tendencias en el diseño de aliviaderos. La presa de El Tinajón protegerá vidas, bienes y servicios. Garantizará seguridad entre la población. Fomentará el empleo ya que motivará el aumento de producción agrícola de la huerta del Segura. Se integrará medioambientalmente de manera sostenible., [EN] The Plan of Defences against floods at the Segura River, drawn up in 1987 by the Hydrographic Confederation, consisted of 12 dams and the integral channeling of the river from Murcia to its mouth. Of the aforementioned Plan, 10 dams have been built, all upstream of the Ojós dam, and they control very effectively the floods in the middle and upper basins of the Segura River. The two dams located further downstream near the city of Murcia, the Rambla Salada Dam de Las Torres de Cotillas and the Tinajón Dam, remained to be executed. The promenade of El Tinajón and its tributaries periodically cause catastrophic flooding in the Segura river. The middle and lower course of this river is flooded every time there are strong avenues in the Sierra de la Pila. The towns on the banks of the river are defenceless, especially the city of Murcia and the Vega Baja. They can’t take any more misfortunes. The El Tinajón dam project is resumed. Circumstances of the lockdown have changed. Although the type of dam laid down in the 1987 Defence Plan is suitable, a loose material dam with a central core of clay, the hydrological and hydraulic design of its drainage organs is obsolete because of interference with the A-30 motorway, new hydrological studies, the change of the frame normative and new trends in spillway design. The El Tinajón Dam will protect lives, goods and services. It will guarantee security among the population. It will encourage work as it would motivate the increase of agricultural production in the Segura orchard. It will be integrated in an environmentally sustainable way., [CAT] El Pla de Defenses contra les crescudes del riu Segura, redactat en 1987 per la Confederació Hidrogràfica, constava de 12 preses i la canalització integral del riu, des de Múrcia fins a la seua desembocadura. Del citat Pla, s'han executat 10 de les preses, totes elles aigües amunt de l'assut d'Ojós, i controlen molt eficaçment les crescudes de la conca mitjana i alta del riu Segura. Van quedar per executar les dues preses situades més aigües avall pròximes a la ciutat de Múrcia, la Rambla Salada de Las Torres de Cotillas i la presa del Tinajón. La rambla del Tinajón i els seus afluents originen periòdicament inundacions catastròfiques en el Segura. El curs mitjà i baix d'aquest riu queda negat cada vegada que hi ha avingudes fortes en la Serra de la Pila. Les poblacions que se situen a la vora del riu es troben indefenses, especialment la ciutat de Múrcia i la Vega Baixa. No poden aguantar més desgràcies. Es reprén el projecte de la presa del Tinajón. Les circumstàncies de la tancada han canviat. Si bé la tipologia del cos de presa, fixada en el Pla de Defenses de 1987 és idònia, una presa de materials solts amb nucli central d'argiles, el disseny hidrològic i hidràulic dels seus òrgans de desguàs està obsolet a causa de la interferència amb l'autopista A-33, els nous estudis hidrològics, el canvi del marc normatiu i les noves tendències en el disseny de sobreeixidors. La presa del Tinajón protegirà vides, béns i serveis. Garantirà seguretat entre la població. Fomentarà el treball i motivarà l'augment de producció agrícola de l'horta del Segura. S'integrarà mediambientalment de manera sostenible.

[ES] En este trabajo se van a analizar distintas soluciones a los problemas generados por el temporal Gloria sobre el dique Norte del puerto de Gandia, teniendo en cuenta también los futuros problemas que puede llegar a generar la subida del nivel del mar debido al cambio climático en las obras de abrigo y, por tanto, la adaptación al mismo. El problema principal es la socavación generada por la borrasca "Gloria" en enero de 2020 sobre la banqueta del dique Norte del puerto de Gandia y la erosión del manto principal del dique. Para solucionar dicho problema se deben plantear distintas soluciones, que incluyen desde el relleno del pie de dique hasta el refuerzo de las piezas que conforman el manto principal. Se parte de las batimetrías proporcionadas por la Autoridad Portuaria de Valencia, así como de los datos históricos de oleaje y mareas de Puertos del Estado. Se utilizará software habitual como es, Excel, AUTOCAD, Microsoft Project, etc., [EN] In this work, different solutions to the problems generated by the storm Gloria on the North dock of the port of Gandia will be analyzed, also taking into account the future problems that the rise in sea level may generate due to climate change in the shelter works and, therefore, adaptation to it. The main problem is the scour generated by the storm "Gloria" in January 2020 on the bank of the North dock of the port of Gandia and the erosion of the main mantle of the dock. To solve this problem, different solutions must be proposed, which include everything from filling the dam to the reinforcement of the pieces that make up the main mantle. It is based on the bathymetries provided by the Port Authority of Valencia, as well as the historical data of waves and tides of Puertos del Estado. Usual software such as Excel, AUTOCAD, Microsoft Project, etc. will be used.

[ES] Este trabajo se centra en la evaluación mediante métodos numéricos del estado tenso-deformacional y resistente de la presa de Ayagaures (Gran Canaria). Se trata de una presa de mampostería de planta curva construida durante los años 50, la cual no dispone de instrumentación alguna para la evaluación de su comportamiento estructural. En este contexto se realiza la verificación del comportamiento de la presa frente a diversos estados de carga, incluyendo solicitaciones hidrológicas y térmicas, basándose en una estimación de los parámetros resistentes y tenso-deformacionales definidos a partir de la interpretación de diversos estudios y ensayos, así como la correlación con información de presas de similares características. Esta verificación se realiza a partir de la elaboración de un modelo numérico en el software de diferencias finitas FLAC 3D, en el cual se simulan los escenarios más desfavorables para la estructura, incluyendo los posibles efectos que podría tener el incremento de temperatura debido al Cambio Climático en la estructura. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se propone un plan de auscultación que permita ampliar el conocimiento del comportamiento de la presa y a su vez proponer una serie de recomendaciones y actuaciones que traten de garantizar que la presa se encuentre alineada con los estándares de seguridad actuales y en condiciones óptimas de operación., [EN] This work focuses on the evaluation by numerical methods of the stress-strain and resistant field of the Ayagaures dam (Gran Canaria). It is a masonry dam with a curved base built during the 50's, this dam does not have any instrumentation to evaluate its structural behavior. For this reason, the behaviur of the dam is checked against different load states, including hydrological and thermal stresses. This analysis is based on the estimation of the resistant and stress-strain parameters. These parameters are to be defined from various studies and test interpretations, as well as the correlation with informations from similar dams. This verification is carried out from the elaboration of numerical model in FLAC 3D, finite difference software. The most unfavorable scenarios for the structure are simulated, including the possible effects that the increase in temperature due to Climate Change could have in the structure. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, an instrumentation plan will be proposed that allows to extend the knowledge of the behaviour of the dam. On the other hand, this study aims to propose a list of recommendations and actions that try to guarantee that the dam is aligned with current safety standards and can be operated in optimal conditions.

[ES] Este trabajo se centra en la evaluación mediante métodos numéricos del estado tenso-deformacional y resistente de la presa de Ayagaures (Gran Canaria). Se trata de una presa de mampostería de planta curva construida durante los años 50, la cual no dispone de instrumentación alguna para la evaluación de su comportamiento estructural. En este contexto se realiza la verificación del comportamiento de la presa frente a diversos estados de carga, incluyendo solicitaciones hidrológicas y térmicas, basándose en una estimación de los parámetros resistentes y tenso-deformacionales definidos a partir de la interpretación de diversos estudios y ensayos, así como la correlación con información de presas de similares características. Esta verificación se realiza a partir de la elaboración de un modelo numérico en el software de diferencias finitas FLAC 3D, en el cual se simulan los escenarios más desfavorables para la estructura, incluyendo los posibles efectos que podría tener el incremento de temperatura debido al Cambio Climático en la estructura. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se propone un plan de auscultación que permita ampliar el conocimiento del comportamiento de la presa y a su vez proponer una serie de recomendaciones y actuaciones que traten de garantizar que la presa se encuentre alineada con los estándares de seguridad actuales y en condiciones óptimas de operación., [EN] This work focuses on the evaluation by numerical methods of the stress-strain and resistant field of the Ayagaures dam (Gran Canaria). It is a masonry dam with a curved base built during the 50's, this dam does not have any instrumentation to evaluate its structural behavior. For this reason, the behaviur of the dam is checked against different load states, including hydrological and thermal stresses. This analysis is based on the estimation of the resistant and stress-strain parameters. These parameters are to be defined from various studies and test interpretations, as well as the correlation with informations from similar dams. This verification is carried out from the elaboration of numerical model in FLAC 3D, finite difference software. The most unfavorable scenarios for the structure are simulated, including the possible effects that the increase in temperature due to Climate Change could have in the structure. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, an instrumentation plan will be proposed that allows to extend the knowledge of the behaviour of the dam. On the other hand, this study aims to propose a list of recommendations and actions that try to guarantee that the dam is aligned with current safety standards and can be operated in optimal conditions.

[ES] El Plan de Defensas contra las crecidas del río Segura, redactado en 1987 por la Confederación Hidrográfica, constaba de doce presas y el encauzamiento integral del río, desde Murcia hasta su desembocadura. Del citado Plan se han ejecutado diez de las presas, todas ellas aguas arriba del azud de Ojós, y controlan muy eficazmente las crecidas de la cuenca media y alta del río Segura. Quedaron por ejecutar las dos presas situadas más aguas abajo próximas a la ciudad de Murcia, la presa Rambla Salada de Las Torres de Cotillas y la presa de El Tinajón. La obra más significativa y viable en la actualidad es la de La rambla de El Tinajón. Sus afluentes originan periódicamente inundaciones catastróficas en el Segura. El curso medio y bajo de este río queda anegado cada vez que hay avenidas fuertes en la Sierra de la Pila. Las poblaciones que se sitúan a orillas del río se encuentran indefensas, especialmente la ciudad de Murcia y la Vega Baja. No pueden aguantar más desgracias. Se retoma el proyecto de la presa de El Tinajón. Las circunstancias de la cerrada han cambiado. Si bien la tipología del cuerpo de presa, fijada en el Plan de Defensas de 1987 es idónea, una presa de materiales sueltos con núcleo central de arcillas, el diseño hidrológico e hidráulico de sus órganos de desagüe está obsoleto a causa de la interferencia con la autovía A-30, los nuevos estudios hidrológicos, el cambio del marco normativo y las nuevas tendencias en el diseño de aliviaderos. La presa de El Tinajón protegerá vidas, bienes y servicios. Garantizará seguridad entre la población. Fomentará el empleo ya que motivará el aumento de producción agrícola de la huerta del Segura. Se integrará medioambientalmente de manera sostenible., [EN] The Plan of Defences against floods at the Segura River, drawn up in 1987 by the Hydrographic Confederation, consisted of 12 dams and the integral channeling of the river from Murcia to its mouth. Of the aforementioned Plan, 10 dams have been built, all upstream of the Ojós dam, and they control very effectively the floods in the middle and upper basins of the Segura River. The two dams located further downstream near the city of Murcia, the Rambla Salada Dam de Las Torres de Cotillas and the Tinajón Dam, remained to be executed. The promenade of El Tinajón and its tributaries periodically cause catastrophic flooding in the Segura river. The middle and lower course of this river is flooded every time there are strong avenues in the Sierra de la Pila. The towns on the banks of the river are defenceless, especially the city of Murcia and the Vega Baja. They can’t take any more misfortunes. The El Tinajón dam project is resumed. Circumstances of the lockdown have changed. Although the type of dam laid down in the 1987 Defence Plan is suitable, a loose material dam with a central core of clay, the hydrological and hydraulic design of its drainage organs is obsolete because of interference with the A-30 motorway, new hydrological studies, the change of the frame normative and new trends in spillway design. The El Tinajón Dam will protect lives, goods and services. It will guarantee security among the population. It will encourage work as it would motivate the increase of agricultural production in the Segura orchard. It will be integrated in an environmentally sustainable way., [CAT] El Pla de Defenses contra les crescudes del riu Segura, redactat en 1987 per la Confederació Hidrogràfica, constava de 12 preses i la canalització integral del riu, des de Múrcia fins a la seua desembocadura. Del citat Pla, s'han executat 10 de les preses, totes elles aigües amunt de l'assut d'Ojós, i controlen molt eficaçment les crescudes de la conca mitjana i alta del riu Segura. Van quedar per executar les dues preses situades més aigües avall pròximes a la ciutat de Múrcia, la Rambla Salada de Las Torres de Cotillas i la presa del Tinajón. La rambla del Tinajón i els seus afluents originen periòdicament inundacions catastròfiques en el Segura. El curs mitjà i baix d'aquest riu queda negat cada vegada que hi ha avingudes fortes en la Serra de la Pila. Les poblacions que se situen a la vora del riu es troben indefenses, especialment la ciutat de Múrcia i la Vega Baixa. No poden aguantar més desgràcies. Es reprén el projecte de la presa del Tinajón. Les circumstàncies de la tancada han canviat. Si bé la tipologia del cos de presa, fixada en el Pla de Defenses de 1987 és idònia, una presa de materials solts amb nucli central d'argiles, el disseny hidrològic i hidràulic dels seus òrgans de desguàs està obsolet a causa de la interferència amb l'autopista A-33, els nous estudis hidrològics, el canvi del marc normatiu i les noves tendències en el disseny de sobreeixidors. La presa del Tinajón protegirà vides, béns i serveis. Garantirà seguretat entre la població. Fomentarà el treball i motivarà l'augment de producció agrícola de l'horta del Segura. S'integrarà mediambientalment de manera sostenible.