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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an herbaceous plant, cultivated in a wide variety of regions and climates. In our country, its production is concentrated on the littoral. As white rice, it is a primary source of food for most of the world population. In addition, it can be consumed as integral rice and is the raw material for a wide range of industrialized products. In the present study, we worked with samples of polished rice from promising lines provided by the National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Agricultural Experiment Station Corrientes (INTA-EAA), corresponding to five campaigns from 2016 to 2021, plus nine coded samples from the 2021 campaign. In the tests carried out, five culinary quality attributes were compared: gelatinization time, apparent water absorption, expansion ratio, weight of a thousand grain and gelatinization temperature. The techniques used are simple, friendly to the environment and low cost. Through the analysis of hierarchical conglomerates (or Cluster Analysis) using Software R (GUI RStudio 2022.02.3+492 "Prairie Trillium" Release), it was possible to analyze individual behavior and establish comparisons between the set of variables previously studied for each campaign and classify the nine coded samples received. Significant differences were found in the variables studied, with p<0.05 values., El arroz (Oryza sativa L.) es una planta herbácea, cultivada en una amplia variedad de regiones y climas. En nuestro país la producción se concentra en el Litoral. Como “arroz blanco”, es una fuente primordial en la alimentación para gran parte de la población mundial. Además, puede ser consumido como integral y es materia prima para una amplia gama de productos industrializados. En el presente estudio se trabajó con muestras de arroz pulido de líneas promisorias del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Corrientes, correspondientes a cinco campañas, desde el 2016 al 2021 más nueve muestras codificadas de la campaña 2021. En los ensayos realizados se compararon cinco atributos de calidad culinaria: tiempo de gelatinización, absorción aparente de agua, relación de expansión, peso de mil granos y temperatura de gelatinización. Las técnicas utilizadas son simples, amigables con el medio ambiente y de bajo costo. Mediante el análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos (Análisis Clúster) utilizando Software R (GUI RStudio 2022.02.3+492 "Prairie Trillium" Release), se pudo analizar el comportamiento individual y establecer las comparaciones del conjunto de variables previamente estudiadas para cada campaña y las nueve muestras codificadas recibidas para su clasificación. Se hallaron diferencias significativas en todas las variables de estudio con valores de p<0,05.

Shared control algorithms have emerged as a promising approach for enabling real-time driver automated system cooperation in automated vehicles. These algorithms allow human drivers to actively participate in the driving process while receiving continuous assistance from the automated system in specific scenarios. However, despite the theoretical benefits being analyzed in various works, further demonstrations of the effectiveness and user acceptance of these approaches in real-world scenarios are required due to the involvement of the human driver in the control loop. Given this perspective, this paper presents and analyzes the results of a simulator-based study conducted to evaluate a shared control algorithm for a critical lateral maneuver. The maneuver involves the automated system helping to avoid an oncoming motorcycle that enters the vehicle’s lane. The study’s goal is to assess the algorithm’s performance, safety, and user acceptance within this specific scenario. For this purpose, objective measures, such as collision avoidance and lane departure prevention, as well as subjective measures related to the driver’s sense of safety and comfort are studied. In addition, three levels of assistance (gentle, intermediate, and aggressive) are tested in two driver state conditions (focused and distracted). The findings have important implications for the development and execution of shared control algorithms, paving the way for their incorporation into actual vehicles.

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, saw first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-deg field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable ‘mini’ integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366–959 nm at R ∼ 5000, or two shorter ranges at R ∼ 20 000. After summarizing the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organization, science drivers, and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy’s origins by completing Gaia’s phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects, and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey ∼400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionized gas in z < 0.5 cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in ∼25 000 field galaxies at 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 0.7; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using >1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; and (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.

This paper presents the validation of shared control strategies for critical maneuvers in automated driving systems. Shared control involves collaboration between the driver and automation, allowing both parties to actively engage and cooperate at different levels of the driving task. The involvement of the driver adds complexity to the control loop, necessitating comprehensive validation methodologies. The proposed approach focuses on two critical maneuvers: overtaking in low visibility scenarios and lateral evasive actions. A modular architecture with an arbitration module and shared control algorithms is implemented, primarily focusing on the lateral control of the vehicle. The validation is conducted using a dynamic simulator, involving 8 real drivers interacting with a virtual environment. The results demonstrate improved safety and user acceptance, indicating the effectiveness of the shared control strategies in comparison with no shared-control support. Future work involves implementing shared control in drive-by-wire systems to enhance safety and driver comfort during critical maneuvers. Overall, this research contributes to the development and validation of shared control approaches in automated driving systems., Comment: 8 pages, 19 figures. Published in IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)

Background: Although autologous fat grafting is considered a successful method for the management of contour deformities, the fat graft could potentially induce cancer reappearance by fueling dormant breast cancer cells. Our aim was to characterize the role of adipose-derived stem cells on active and dormant breast cancer cell growth. Methods: Cobalt chloride was used to induce dormancy in MCF-7 cancer cells. Proliferation of active and dormant cancer cells was determined in the presence of adipose-derived stem cells. A proteome array was used to detect cancer-related protein expression in the cell-conditioned medium. The migration of cancer cells was measured in response to conditioned medium from the adipose-derived stem cells. Results: The adipose-derived stem cells showed variable effects on active MCF-7 cells growth and inhibited MCF-7 proliferation after the withdrawal of cobalt chloride. Of the 84 different proteins measured in the conditioned medium, only tenascin-C was differentially expressed in the co-cultures. MCF-7 cells alone did not express tenascin-C, whereas co-cultures between MCF-7 and adipose-derived stem cells expressed more tenascin-C versus adipose-derived stem cells alone. The conditioned medium from co-cultures significantly increased the migration of the cancer cells. Conclusions: Adipose-derived stem cells themselves neither increased the growth or migration of cancer cells, suggesting that autologous fat grafting may be oncologically safe if reconstruction is postponed until there is no evidence of active disease. However, interactions between adipose-derived stem cells and MCF-7 cancer cells could potentially lead to the production of factors, which further promote cancer cell migration.

Background: Although autologous fat grafting is considered a successful method for the management of contour deformities, the fat graft could potentially induce cancer reappearance by fueling dormant breast cancer cells. Our aim was to characterize the role of adipose-derived stem cells on active and dormant breast cancer cell growth. Methods: Cobalt chloride was used to induce dormancy in MCF-7 cancer cells. Proliferation of active and dormant cancer cells was determined in the presence of adipose-derived stem cells. A proteome array was used to detect cancer-related protein expression in the cell-conditioned medium. The migration of cancer cells was measured in response to conditioned medium from the adipose-derived stem cells. Results: The adipose-derived stem cells showed variable effects on active MCF-7 cells growth and inhibited MCF-7 proliferation after the withdrawal of cobalt chloride. Of the 84 different proteins measured in the conditioned medium, only tenascin-C was differentially expressed in the co-cultures. MCF-7 cells alone did not express tenascin-C, whereas co-cultures between MCF-7 and adipose-derived stem cells expressed more tenascin-C versus adipose-derived stem cells alone. The conditioned medium from co-cultures significantly increased the migration of the cancer cells. Conclusions: Adipose-derived stem cells themselves neither increased the growth or migration of cancer cells, suggesting that autologous fat grafting may be oncologically safe if reconstruction is postponed until there is no evidence of active disease. However, interactions between adipose-derived stem cells and MCF-7 cancer cells could potentially lead to the production of factors, which further promote cancer cell migration.

Peripheral inflammatory immune responses are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a biomarker of systemic inflammation, has been reported to be higher in patients with PD than in healthy controls (HCs). The present study was aimed at determining if the peripheral inflammatory immune response could be influenced by the genetic background of patients with PD. We included a discovery cohort with 222 patients with PD (132 sporadic PD, 44 LRRK2-associated PD (with p.G2019S and p.R1441G variants), and 46 GBA-associated PD), as well as 299 HCs. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Leukocytes and their subpopulations, and the NLR were measured in peripheral blood. Multivariate lineal regression and post-hoc tests were applied to determine the differences among the groups. Subsequently, a replication study using the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort was performed which included 401 patients with PD (281 sPD patients, 66 LRRK2-PD patients, 54 GBA-PD patients) and a group of 174 HCs. Patients with sporadic PD and GBA-associated PD showed a significantly lower lymphocyte count, a non-significantly higher neutrophil count and a significantly higher NLR than HCs. The peripheral inflammatory immune response of patients with LRRK2-associated PD did not differ from HCs. Our study supports the involvement of a peripheral inflammatory immune response in the pathophysiology of sPD and GBA-associated PD. However, this inflammatory response was not found in LRRK2-associated PD, probably reflecting different pathogenic inflammatory mechanisms.

La celiaquía es una enfermedad autoinmune que afecta al intestino delgado como resultado de una respuesta inmunitaria frente a la ingesta de gluten, el cual está presente en cereales como el trigo, la cebada, la avena o el centeno. En general, esta ingesta da lugar a la aparición de síntomas digestivos que solo se pueden mitigar siguiendo una dieta sin gluten. La enfermedad celíaca se manifiesta en individuos genéticamente predispuestos que presentan antígenos leucocitarios humanos de clase II (HLA-II), principalmente HLA-DQ2 (90%), y con menor frecuencia HLA-DQ8 (5%-10%). En la última década, la celiaquía se ha considerado una enfermedad rara, pero hoy en día se sabe que está distribuida universalmente, siendo una de las enfermedades genéticas más conocidas. Tiene una prevalencia media del 1%-2% en la población general, pero está claramente subestimada e infradiagnosticada a nivel mundial. Además, su frecuencia está aumentando en muchos países en desarrollo debido a la occidentalización de la dieta, a los cambios en la producción y a la preparación del trigo, y una mayor concienciación sobre la enfermedad. En el Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis de Alicante se realiza el estudio del HLA asociado a celiaquía mediante la PCR basada en sondas oligonucleotídicas específicas de secuencia (PCR-SSO). Sin embargo, recientemente se ha comercializado un nuevo kit basado en PCR en tiempo real (qPCR) que permite detectar los alelos asociados a celiaquía en menor tiempo y a menor coste. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica actualizada de la enfermedad celíaca y validar el nuevo kit de qPCR (Coeliac ImmuneKit) para sustituir a la PCR-SSO en el estudio del HLA asociado a enfermedad celíaca. Para esto último, mediante el programa estadístico SPSS se han obtenido tablas de contingencia para conocer la concordancia con el índice kappa o de Cohen, y los valores de sensibilidad y de especificidad de este nuevo kit de qPCR en comparación con e

La refrigeració comercial neix per proveir la demanda de fred tant en supermercats com a petites botigues, amb la funció principal de mantenir en correcte estat una gran quantitat de productes, tant frescos como congelats. Aquests equips de fred, poden ser emprats o bé per emmagatzemar els productes abans de ser venuts, com per exemple a càmeres o bé per exposar els productes al client, com per exemple a mobles refrigerats. Aquest document pretén implementar y legalitzar una instal·lació de fred comercial a un supermercat, on hi haurà una demanda de fred tant en forma de càmeres com en mobles refrigerats. En primer lloc, s’analitzarà la demanda de fred per part del supermercat client, y a partir d’aquesta demanda es realitzarà un estudi i s’implementarà la millor opció tenint en compte diversos factors importants y complint amb la normativa nacional actual. Finalment, es recopilarà i es realitzarà tota la documentació necessària per a la seva respectiva legalització i entrada a industria, complint amb l’objectiu de realitzar un primer projecte de legalització com a enginyer., La refrigeración comercial nace para abastecer la demanda de frío tanto en supermercados como en pequeñas tiendas, con la función principal de mantener en buen estado una gran cantidad de productos, tanto frescos como congelados. Estos equipos de frío pueden ser utilizados o bien para almacenar los productos, previo a su posterior venta, como por ejemplo en cámaras, o bien para exponer los productos al cliente, como por ejemplo en muebles refrigerados. Este documento pretende implementar y legalizar una instalación de frío comercial en un supermercado, dónde se demandará frío tanto en forma de cámaras como en muebles refrigerados. En primer lugar, se analizará la demanda de frío por parte del supermercado cliente, y a partir de dicha demanda se hará un estudio y se implementará la mejor opción teniendo en cuenta varios factores importantes y cumpliendo con la normativa nacional actual. Finalmente, se reunirá y realizará toda la documentación necesaria para su respectiva legalización en industria, cumpliendo con el objetivo de realizar un primer proyecto de legalización como ingeniero., Commercial refrigeration was born to supply the demand for cold, both in supermarkets and in small stores, with the main function of keeping many products, both fresh and frozen, in good condition. These cold equipment can be used either to store the products, prior to their subsequentsale, such as in cold rooms, or to display the products to the costumer, such as in refrigerated cabinets. This document intends to implement and legalize a commercial refrigeration installation in a supermarket, where refrigeration will be required, both in the form of cameras and in refrigerated cabinets. On the one hand, the demand for refrigeration by the client supermarket will be analysed, and based on said demand, a study will be carried out and the best option will be implemented taking into account several important factors and complying with current national regulations. On the other hand, all the necessary documentation will be gathered and carried out for its respective legalization in the industry, fulfilling the objective of carrying out a first project as an engineer.

El trasplante renal es la mejor opción terapéutica para la enfermedad renal terminal (ERT); el conocimiento del papel de los anticuerpos anti-antígeno leucocitario humano (HLA) en el rechazo a corto y largo plazo, junto con el descubrimiento de los inmunosupresores anti-calcineurínicos, ha permitido disminuir la pérdida temprana del injerto renal. Aun así, todavía existen pacientes que pierden precozmente el injerto principalmente por trombosis, habiéndose descrito anticuerpos frente a antígenos autólogos en el rechazo y pérdida del injerto a largo plazo. Sin embargo no se conoce su papel en la pérdida temprana del injerto. Objetivo: El principal objetivo de este estudio es determinar el papel de una serie de autoanticuerpos preformados y marcadores de daño endotelial en la pérdida del injerto en los primeros 6 meses post-trasplante y entre los 7 y 24 meses post-trasplante..., Kidney transplant is the best therapeutic option for end stage renal disease (ERT); the knowledge of anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies (HLA) in graft rejection along with the discovery of anti-calcineurinic immunosupressors, has allowed the decrease of early graft loss. Nonetheless, there are patients that still lose the graft rapidly, mainly due to thrombotic events. In the other hand, there have been reported antibodies against autologous antigens associated with graft rejection and loss mainly at long-term. However, the role of these autoantibodies is not known at short-term graft loss.Objectives: The main objective is to uncover the role of a series of pre-transplant autoantibodies and an endothelial damage biomarker in kidney graft loss during the first 6 and between 7 and 24 post-transplant months...

El sistema de conexión viga-columna mediante una conexión postensada auto-centrante es una alternativa en la actualidad para mejorar el comportamiento sísmico en edificios de hormigón armado; al permitir que sus elementos tengan un comportamiento lineal (sin daño) ante los desplazamientos producidos por acciones sísmica. En el presente trabajo se presenta la simulación numérica del comportamiento sísmico para una conexión auto-centrante con base en el Método de Elementos Discretos (MED), con el objetivo de validar la respuesta histerética del modelo numérico con una prueba experimental de la literatura. Los resultados demuestran las distorsiones horizontales en la columna, las cuales son producto de la simulación numérica del modelo sujeto a una carga que se incrementa con el paso del tiempo con 4 coeficientes de rigidez diferentes. Se presenta la gráfica histerética como resultado de la simulación numérica del modelo, con un coeficiente de rigidez y amortiguamiento normal adecuado, sujeto a una carga cíclica que se invierte en función al tiempo. El movimiento de la conexión es controlado por las distorsiones horizontales de la columna, logrando reproducir de forma aproximada el comportamiento histérico esperado en este tipo de conexiones. Con los resultados mostrados se propone una sencilla ley de histéresis bilineal, que permita su uso simplificado para su aplicación en el modelado de edificios de hormigón armado con conexiones auto-centrantes., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Peripheral inflammatory immune responses are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a biomarker of systemic inflammation, has been reported to be higher in patients with PD than in healthy controls (HCs). The present study was aimed at determining if the peripheral inflammatory immune response could be influenced by the genetic background of patients with PD. We included a discovery cohort with 222 patients with PD (132 sporadic PD, 44 LRRK2-associated PD (with p.G2019S and p.R1441G variants), and 46 GBA-associated PD), as well as 299 HCs. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Leukocytes and their subpopulations, and the NLR were measured in peripheral blood. Multivariate lineal regression and post-hoc tests were applied to determine the differences among the groups. Subsequently, a replication study using the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort was performed which included 401 patients with PD (281 sPD patients, 66 LRRK2-PD patients, 54 GBA-PD patients) and a group of 174 HCs. Patients with sporadic PD and GBA-associated PD showed a significantly lower lymphocyte count, a non-significantly higher neutrophil count and a significantly higher NLR than HCs. The peripheral inflammatory immune response of patients with LRRK2-associated PD did not differ from HCs. Our study supports the involvement of a peripheral inflammatory immune response in the pathophysiology of sPD and GBA-associated PD. However, this inflammatory response was not found in LRRK2-associated PD, probably reflecting different pathogenic inflammatory mechanisms.

Background: Although autologous fat grafting is considered a successful method for the management of contour deformities, the fat graft could potentially induce cancer reappearance by fueling dormant breast cancer cells. Our aim was to characterize the role of adipose-derived stem cells on active and dormant breast cancer cell growth. Methods: Cobalt chloride was used to induce dormancy in MCF-7 cancer cells. Proliferation of active and dormant cancer cells was determined in the presence of adipose-derived stem cells. A proteome array was used to detect cancer-related protein expression in the cell-conditioned medium. The migration of cancer cells was measured in response to conditioned medium from the adipose-derived stem cells. Results: The adipose-derived stem cells showed variable effects on active MCF-7 cells growth and inhibited MCF-7 proliferation after the withdrawal of cobalt chloride. Of the 84 different proteins measured in the conditioned medium, only tenascin-C was differentially expressed in the co-cultures. MCF-7 cells alone did not express tenascin-C, whereas co-cultures between MCF-7 and adipose-derived stem cells expressed more tenascin-C versus adipose-derived stem cells alone. The conditioned medium from co-cultures significantly increased the migration of the cancer cells. Conclusions: Adipose-derived stem cells themselves neither increased the growth or migration of cancer cells, suggesting that autologous fat grafting may be oncologically safe if reconstruction is postponed until there is no evidence of active disease. However, interactions between adipose-derived stem cells and MCF-7 cancer cells could potentially lead to the production of factors, which further promote cancer cell migration.

El trasplante renal es la mejor opción terapéutica para la enfermedad renal terminal (ERT); el conocimiento del papel de los anticuerpos anti-antígeno leucocitario humano (HLA) en el rechazo a corto y largo plazo, junto con el descubrimiento de los inmunosupresores anti-calcineurínicos, ha permitido disminuir la pérdida temprana del injerto renal. Aun así, todavía existen pacientes que pierden precozmente el injerto principalmente por trombosis, habiéndose descrito anticuerpos frente a antígenos autólogos en el rechazo y pérdida del injerto a largo plazo. Sin embargo no se conoce su papel en la pérdida temprana del injerto. Objetivo: El principal objetivo de este estudio es determinar el papel de una serie de autoanticuerpos preformados y marcadores de daño endotelial en la pérdida del injerto en los primeros 6 meses post-trasplante y entre los 7 y 24 meses post-trasplante..., Kidney transplant is the best therapeutic option for end stage renal disease (ERT); the knowledge of anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies (HLA) in graft rejection along with the discovery of anti-calcineurinic immunosupressors, has allowed the decrease of early graft loss. Nonetheless, there are patients that still lose the graft rapidly, mainly due to thrombotic events. In the other hand, there have been reported antibodies against autologous antigens associated with graft rejection and loss mainly at long-term. However, the role of these autoantibodies is not known at short-term graft loss.Objectives: The main objective is to uncover the role of a series of pre-transplant autoantibodies and an endothelial damage biomarker in kidney graft loss during the first 6 and between 7 and 24 post-transplant months...

Uno de los principales retos para la introducción de una materia obligatoria de informática en niveles educativos preuniversitarios es la falta de profesorado formado en informática. En nuestra universidad ofrecemos un máster para formar profesores en competencia digital y programación. La asignatura “Programación y Pensamiento Computacional I” presenta una introducción a la programación basada en bloques. En el curso académico 2021/22 se realizó un diseño de la asignatura basada en cuatro lenguajes de bloques en orden creciente de complejidad. Aunque los alumnos valoraron muy positivamente la asignatura, se identificaron varias cuestiones mejorables. En la comunicación se presentan los cambios introducidos durante el curso 2022/23, que consisten en la eliminación del lenguaje Code.org, una revisión de los apuntes de Scratch, el desarrollo de nuevos ejercicios de autoestudio para ScratchJr y Scratch, y la transición de Scratch a App Inventor. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos de rendimiento de los alumnos y de aceptación de la asignatura. La asignatura ha consolidado su aceptación por los alumnos, pero los cambios introducidos no han redundado en una mejora apreciable y aún persiste como reto el aprendizaje de los elementos más complejos, principalmente App Inventor., One of the main challenges to introduce informatics as a mandatory subject matter in pre-college education is the lack of teachers adequately trained on informatics. Our university offers master’s studies aimed at teachers’ development in digital competence and computer programming. The course “Programming and computational thinking I” introduces block-based programming. In the academic year 2021/22, the course was designed as a sequence of four languages, in increasing order of complexity. The students rated the course very high, but a few issues were amenable to improvement. In this paper, we present the changes introduced for the academic year 2022/23, comprising the removal of Code.org, re-elaboration of Scratch lecture notes, development of additional self-study exercises for ScratchJr and Scratch, and transition between Scratch and App Inventor. The paper also presents the out-comes obtained on students’ performance and course acceptance. The course is consolidated according to students’ high acceptance. However, the changes introduced did not produce a significant enhancement of acceptance, and learning the most complex elements remains an open challenge, especially App Inventor.

The objective of this research was to determine the productivity of INIFAT 93 and INIFAT 94 cultivars of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in tobacco agroecosystems in Pinar del Río. Between April and July 2019, field experiments were established in agricultural settings of Guane and San Juan y Martínez, characterized by a leached yellowish Ferralitic soil. Sowing was done manually at 0.60 m between rows and 0.15 m between plants. The evaluations were carried out at harvest time and growth variables (biomass), yield components and crop index were considered for each cultivar and agroecosystem. Higher biological productivity was achieved with INIFAT 94, although the differentiated response between cultivars, for biomass values, was more accentuated in San Juan and Martínez. Yield components were favored in INIFAT 94; while the lowest variability and highest efficiency in the conversion of economically useful biomass was obtained with INIFAT 93. The agricultural productivity of the INIFAT 94 cultivar exceeded that of INIFAT 93 by more than 25 % in the two agroecosystems, with values higher than 1.0 t/ha., El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la productividad de los cultivares INIFAT 93 e INIFAT 94 de frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) en agroecosistemas tabacaleros de Pinar del Río. Durante el periodo abril – julio de 2019, se establecieron experimentos de campo en escenarios agrícolas de Guane y San Juan y Martínez, caracterizados por un suelo Ferralítico Amarillento lixiviado. La siembra se realizó de forma manual a una distancia de 0,60 m entre surcos y de 0,15 m entre plantas. Las evaluaciones se realizaron al momento de la cosecha y se consideraron variables de crecimiento (biomasa), componentes del rendimiento e índice de cosecha para cada cultivar y agroecosistema. Se alcanzó mayor productividad biológica con INIFAT 94, aunque la respuesta diferenciada entre los cultivares, para los valores de biomasa, fue más acentuada en San Juan y Martínez. Los componentes del rendimiento se favorecieron en INIFAT 94; mientras que, la menor variabilidad y mayor eficiencia en la conversión de biomasa económicamente útil se obtuvo con INIFAT 93. La productividad agrícola de l cultivar INIFAT 94 excedió más del 25 % la de INIFAT 93 en los dos agroecosistemas, con valores superiores a 1,0 t/ha.

Background: Although autologous fat grafting is considered a successful method for the management of contour deformities, the fat graft could potentially induce cancer reappearance by fueling dormant breast cancer cells. Our aim was to characterize the role of adipose-derived stem cells on active and dormant breast cancer cell growth. Methods: Cobalt chloride was used to induce dormancy in MCF-7 cancer cells. Proliferation of active and dormant cancer cells was determined in the presence of adipose-derived stem cells. A proteome array was used to detect cancer-related protein expression in the cell-conditioned medium. The migration of cancer cells was measured in response to conditioned medium from the adipose-derived stem cells. Results: The adipose-derived stem cells showed variable effects on active MCF-7 cells growth and inhibited MCF-7 proliferation after the withdrawal of cobalt chloride. Of the 84 different proteins measured in the conditioned medium, only tenascin-C was differentially expressed in the co-cultures. MCF-7 cells alone did not express tenascin-C, whereas co-cultures between MCF-7 and adipose-derived stem cells expressed more tenascin-C versus adipose-derived stem cells alone. The conditioned medium from co-cultures significantly increased the migration of the cancer cells. Conclusions: Adipose-derived stem cells themselves neither increased the growth or migration of cancer cells, suggesting that autologous fat grafting may be oncologically safe if reconstruction is postponed until there is no evidence of active disease. However, interactions between adipose-derived stem cells and MCF-7 cancer cells could potentially lead to the production of factors, which further promote cancer cell migration.

Background: Although autologous fat grafting is considered a successful method for the management of contour deformities, the fat graft could potentially induce cancer reappearance by fueling dormant breast cancer cells. Our aim was to characterize the role of adipose-derived stem cells on active and dormant breast cancer cell growth. Methods: Cobalt chloride was used to induce dormancy in MCF-7 cancer cells. Proliferation of active and dormant cancer cells was determined in the presence of adipose-derived stem cells. A proteome array was used to detect cancer-related protein expression in the cell-conditioned medium. The migration of cancer cells was measured in response to conditioned medium from the adipose-derived stem cells. Results: The adipose-derived stem cells showed variable effects on active MCF-7 cells growth and inhibited MCF-7 proliferation after the withdrawal of cobalt chloride. Of the 84 different proteins measured in the conditioned medium, only tenascin-C was differentially expressed in the co-cultures. MCF-7 cells alone did not express tenascin-C, whereas co-cultures between MCF-7 and adipose-derived stem cells expressed more tenascin-C versus adipose-derived stem cells alone. The conditioned medium from co-cultures significantly increased the migration of the cancer cells. Conclusions: Adipose-derived stem cells themselves neither increased the growth or migration of cancer cells, suggesting that autologous fat grafting may be oncologically safe if reconstruction is postponed until there is no evidence of active disease. However, interactions between adipose-derived stem cells and MCF-7 cancer cells could potentially lead to the production of factors, which further promote cancer cell migration.

Peripheral inflammatory immune responses are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a biomarker of systemic inflammation, has been reported to be higher in patients with PD than in healthy controls (HCs). The present study was aimed at determining if the peripheral inflammatory immune response could be influenced by the genetic background of patients with PD. We included a discovery cohort with 222 patients with PD (132 sporadic PD, 44 LRRK2-associated PD (with p.G2019S and p.R1441G variants), and 46 GBA-associated PD), as well as 299 HCs. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Leukocytes and their subpopulations, and the NLR were measured in peripheral blood. Multivariate lineal regression and post-hoc tests were applied to determine the differences among the groups. Subsequently, a replication study using the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort was performed which included 401 patients with PD (281 sPD patients, 66 LRRK2-PD patients, 54 GBA-PD patients) and a group of 174 HCs. Patients with sporadic PD and GBA-associated PD showed a significantly lower lymphocyte count, a non-significantly higher neutrophil count and a significantly higher NLR than HCs. The peripheral inflammatory immune response of patients with LRRK2-associated PD did not differ from HCs. Our study supports the involvement of a peripheral inflammatory immune response in the pathophysiology of sPD and GBA-associated PD. However, this inflammatory response was not found in LRRK2-associated PD, probably reflecting different pathogenic inflammatory mechanisms.

Massive stars are progenitors of supernovae, neutron stars and black holes. During the hydrogen-core burning phase their convective cores are the prime drivers of their evolution, but inferences of core masses are subject to unconstrained boundary mixing processes. Moreover, uncalibrated transport mechanisms can lead to strong envelope mixing and differential radial rotation. Ascertaining the efficiency of the transport mechanisms is challenging because of a lack of observational constraints. Here we deduce the convective core mass and robustly demonstrate non-rigid radial rotation in a supernova progenitor, the $12.0^{+1.5}_{-1.5}$ solar-mass hydrogen-burning star HD 192575, using asteroseismology, TESS photometry, high-resolution spectroscopy, and Gaia astrometry. We infer a convective core mass ($M_{\rm cc} = 2.9^{+0.5}_{-0.8}$ solar masses), and find the core to be rotating between 1.4 and 6.3 times faster than the stellar envelope depending on the location of the rotational shear layer. Our results deliver a robust inferred core mass of a massive star using asteroseismology from space-based photometry. HD 192575 is a unique anchor point for studying interior rotation and mixing processes, and thus also angular momentum transport mechanisms inside massive stars., Comment: 41 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Version comment: updated erroneous affiliation

Blue supergiants (BSGs) are important objects to study the intermediate phases of massive star evolution, helping to constrain evolutionary models. However, the lack of a holistic study of a statistically significant and unbiased sample of these objects makes several long-standing questions about their nature to remain unsolved. The present and other upcoming papers of the IACOB series are focused in studying - from a pure empirical point of view - a sample of 500 Galactic O9 - B9 stars with luminosity classes I and II (plus 250 late O- and early B-type stars with luminosity classes III, IV and V) and covering distances up to 4 kpc from the Sun. We compile an initial set of 11000 high-resolution spectra of 1600 Galactic late O- and B-type stars. We use a new novel spectroscopic strategy based on a simple fitting of the Hbeta line to select stars in a specific region of the spectroscopic HR diagram. We evaluate the completeness of our sample using the Alma Luminous Star catalog (ALS III) and Gaia-DR3 data. We show the benefits of the proposed strategy for identifying BSGs descending from stellar objects born as O-type stars, in the context of single star evolution. The resulting sample reaches a high level of completeness with respect to the ALS III catalog, gathering the 80% for all-sky targets brighter than Bmag < 9 located within 2 kpc. However, we identify the need for new observations in specific regions of the Southern hemisphere. In conclusion, we have explored a very fast and robust method to select BSGs, providing a valuable tool for large spectroscopic surveys like WEAVE-SCIP or 4MIDABLE-LR, and highlighting the risk of using spectral classifications from the literature. Upcoming works will make use of this large and homogeneous spectroscopic sample to study specific properties of these stars in detail. We initially provide first results about their rotational properties., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 59 pages, 20 figures

The objective of this research was to determine the productivity of INIFAT 93 and INIFAT 94 cultivars of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in tobacco agroecosystems in Pinar del Río. Between April and July 2019, field experiments were established in agricultural settings of Guane and San Juan y Martínez, characterized by a leached yellowish Ferralitic soil. Sowing was done manually at 0.60 m between rows and 0.15 m between plants. The evaluations were carried out at harvest time and growth variables (biomass), yield components and crop index were considered for each cultivar and agroecosystem. Higher biological productivity was achieved with INIFAT 94, although the differentiated response between cultivars, for biomass values, was more accentuated in San Juan and Martínez. Yield components were favored in INIFAT 94; while the lowest variability and highest efficiency in the conversion of economically useful biomass was obtained with INIFAT 93. The agricultural productivity of the INIFAT 94 cultivar exceeded that of INIFAT 93 by more than 25 % in the two agroecosystems, with values higher than 1.0 t/ha., El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la productividad de los cultivares INIFAT 93 e INIFAT 94 de frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) en agroecosistemas tabacaleros de Pinar del Río. Durante el periodo abril – julio de 2019, se establecieron experimentos de campo en escenarios agrícolas de Guane y San Juan y Martínez, caracterizados por un suelo Ferralítico Amarillento lixiviado. La siembra se realizó de forma manual a una distancia de 0,60 m entre surcos y de 0,15 m entre plantas. Las evaluaciones se realizaron al momento de la cosecha y se consideraron variables de crecimiento (biomasa), componentes del rendimiento e índice de cosecha para cada cultivar y agroecosistema. Se alcanzó mayor productividad biológica con INIFAT 94, aunque la respuesta diferenciada entre los cultivares, para los valores de biomasa, fue más acentuada en San Juan y Martínez. Los componentes del rendimiento se favorecieron en INIFAT 94; mientras que, la menor variabilidad y mayor eficiencia en la conversión de biomasa económicamente útil se obtuvo con INIFAT 93. La productividad agrícola de l cultivar INIFAT 94 excedió más del 25 % la de INIFAT 93 en los dos agroecosistemas, con valores superiores a 1,0 t/ha.

The objective of this research was to determine the productivity of INIFAT 93 and INIFAT 94 cultivars of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in tobacco agroecosystems in Pinar del Río. Between April and July 2019, field experiments were established in agricultural settings of Guane and San Juan y Martínez, characterized by a leached yellowish Ferralitic soil. Sowing was done manually at 0.60 m between rows and 0.15 m between plants. The evaluations were carried out at harvest time and growth variables (biomass), yield components and crop index were considered for each cultivar and agroecosystem. Higher biological productivity was achieved with INIFAT 94, although the differentiated response between cultivars, for biomass values, was more accentuated in San Juan and Martínez. Yield components were favored in INIFAT 94; while the lowest variability and highest efficiency in the conversion of economically useful biomass was obtained with INIFAT 93. The agricultural productivity of the INIFAT 94 cultivar exceeded that of INIFAT 93 by more than 25 % in the two agroecosystems, with values higher than 1.0 t/ha., El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la productividad de los cultivares INIFAT 93 e INIFAT 94 de frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) en agroecosistemas tabacaleros de Pinar del Río. Durante el periodo abril – julio de 2019, se establecieron experimentos de campo en escenarios agrícolas de Guane y San Juan y Martínez, caracterizados por un suelo Ferralítico Amarillento lixiviado. La siembra se realizó de forma manual a una distancia de 0,60 m entre surcos y de 0,15 m entre plantas. Las evaluaciones se realizaron al momento de la cosecha y se consideraron variables de crecimiento (biomasa), componentes del rendimiento e índice de cosecha para cada cultivar y agroecosistema. Se alcanzó mayor productividad biológica con INIFAT 94, aunque la respuesta diferenciada entre los cultivares, para los valores de biomasa, fue más acentuada en San Juan y Martínez. Los componentes del rendimiento se favorecieron en INIFAT 94; mientras que, la menor variabilidad y mayor eficiencia en la conversión de biomasa económicamente útil se obtuvo con INIFAT 93. La productividad agrícola de l cultivar INIFAT 94 excedió más del 25 % la de INIFAT 93 en los dos agroecosistemas, con valores superiores a 1,0 t/ha.

Genetic studies in human and mice have established a dual role for Vsx genes in retina development: an early function in progenitors’ specification, and a later requirement for bipolar-cells fate determination. Despite their conserved expression patterns, it is currently unclear to which extent Vsx functions are also conserved across vertebrates, as mutant models are available only in mammals. To gain insight into vsx function in teleosts, we have generated vsx1 and vsx2 CRISPR/Cas9 double knockouts (vsxKO) in zebrafish. Our electrophysiological and histological analyses indicate severe visual impairment and bipolar cells depletion in vsxKO larvae, with retinal precursors being rerouted toward photoreceptor or Müller glia fates. Surprisingly, neural retina is properly specified and maintained in mutant embryos, which do not display microphthalmia. We show that although important cis-regulatory remodelling occurs in vsxKO retinas during early specification, this has little impact at a transcriptomic level. Our observations point to genetic redundancy as an important mechanism sustaining the integrity of the retinal specification network, and to Vsx genes regulatory weight varying substantially among vertebrate species.

The objective of this research was to determine the productivity of INIFAT 93 and INIFAT 94 cultivars of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in tobacco agroecosystems in Pinar del Río. Between April and July 2019, field experiments were established in agricultural settings of Guane and San Juan y Martínez, characterized by a leached yellowish Ferralitic soil. Sowing was done manually at 0.60 m between rows and 0.15 m between plants. The evaluations were carried out at harvest time and growth variables (biomass), yield components and crop index were considered for each cultivar and agroecosystem. Higher biological productivity was achieved with INIFAT 94, although the differentiated response between cultivars, for biomass values, was more accentuated in San Juan and Martínez. Yield components were favored in INIFAT 94; while the lowest variability and highest efficiency in the conversion of economically useful biomass was obtained with INIFAT 93. The agricultural productivity of the INIFAT 94 cultivar exceeded that of INIFAT 93 by more than 25 % in the two agroecosystems, with values higher than 1.0 t/ha., El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la productividad de los cultivares INIFAT 93 e INIFAT 94 de frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) en agroecosistemas tabacaleros de Pinar del Río. Durante el periodo abril – julio de 2019, se establecieron experimentos de campo en escenarios agrícolas de Guane y San Juan y Martínez, caracterizados por un suelo Ferralítico Amarillento lixiviado. La siembra se realizó de forma manual a una distancia de 0,60 m entre surcos y de 0,15 m entre plantas. Las evaluaciones se realizaron al momento de la cosecha y se consideraron variables de crecimiento (biomasa), componentes del rendimiento e índice de cosecha para cada cultivar y agroecosistema. Se alcanzó mayor productividad biológica con INIFAT 94, aunque la respuesta diferenciada entre los cultivares, para los valores de biomasa, fue más acentuada en San Juan y Martínez. Los componentes del rendimiento se favorecieron en INIFAT 94; mientras que, la menor variabilidad y mayor eficiencia en la conversión de biomasa económicamente útil se obtuvo con INIFAT 93. La productividad agrícola de l cultivar INIFAT 94 excedió más del 25 % la de INIFAT 93 en los dos agroecosistemas, con valores superiores a 1,0 t/ha.

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable ‘mini’ integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366−959 nm at R ∼ 5000, or two shorter ranges at R ∼ 20 000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy’s origins by completing Gaia’s phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey ∼400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z < 0.5 cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in ∼25 000 field galaxies at 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 0.7; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using >1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.

Peripheral inflammatory immune responses are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a biomarker of systemic inflammation, has been reported to be higher in patients with PD than in healthy controls (HCs). The present study was aimed at determining if the peripheral inflammatory immune response could be influenced by the genetic background of patients with PD. We included a discovery cohort with 222 patients with PD (132 sporadic PD, 44 LRRK2-associated PD (with p.G2019S and p.R1441G variants), and 46 GBA-associated PD), as well as 299 HCs. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Leukocytes and their subpopulations, and the NLR were measured in peripheral blood. Multivariate lineal regression and post-hoc tests were applied to determine the differences among the groups. Subsequently, a replication study using the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort was performed which included 401 patients with PD (281 sPD patients, 66 LRRK2-PD patients, 54 GBA-PD patients) and a group of 174 HCs. Patients with sporadic PD and GBA-associated PD showed a significantly lower lymphocyte count, a non-significantly higher neutrophil count and a significantly higher NLR than HCs. The peripheral inflammatory immune response of patients with LRRK2-associated PD did not differ from HCs. Our study supports the involvement of a peripheral inflammatory immune response in the pathophysiology of sPD and GBA-associated PD. However, this inflammatory response was not found in LRRK2-associated PD, probably reflecting different pathogenic inflammatory mechanisms.

The ontogeny of the vertebrate retina has been a topic of interest to developmental biologists and human geneticists for many decades. Understanding the unfolding of the genetic program that transforms a field of progenitors' cells into a functionally complex and multi-layered sensory organ is a formidable challenge. Although classical genetic studies succeeded in identifying the key regulators of retina specification, we are far from understanding the architecture of their gene regulatory networks (GRNs) and thus from predicting their behaviour. A goal in our group during the last years has been to analyse the bifurcation of the GRNs specifying the neural retina and RPE domains, as cells in these two compartments acquire their distinct shape; within a few hours window in zebrafish. We have characterized transcriptome dynamics and chromatin accessibility in segregating NR/RPE populations in zebrafish to identify active cis-regulatory modules and enriched TF motives within them (Buono et al Nat com 2021). We have shown extensive network redundancy and context-dependent activity for the core TFs within each domain. In line with this finding, we have shown that the simultaneous mutation of the key specifiers vsx1 and vsx2 by CRISPR/Cas9, which results in severe visual impairment and bipolar cells depletion, does not interfere with neural retina specification. We concluded that although important cis-regulatory remodelling (ATAC-seq) occurs in vsxKO retinas during early specification, this has little impact at a transcriptomic level (RNA-seq). Our observations point to genetic redundancy as an important mechanism sustaining the integrity of the retinal specification network (Letelier & Buono et al Biorxiv 2022). We are currently complementing previous efforts by applying single-cell methods to the analysis of neural retina and RPE networks. We have generated transcriptome and epigenome (chromium 10x multiome scRNAseq¿+¿scATACseq) datasets in zebrafish to obtain predicti

Genetic studies in human and mice have established a dual role for Vsx genes in retina development: an early function in progenitors' specification, and a later requirement for bipolar-cells fate determination. Despite their conserved expression patterns, it is currently unclear to which extent Vsx functions are also conserved across vertebrates, as mutant models are available only in mammals. To gain insight into vsx function in teleosts, we have generated vsx1 and vsx2 CRISPR/Cas9 double knockouts (vsxKO) in zebrafish. Our electrophysiological and histological analyses indicate severe visual impairment and bipolar cells depletion in vsxKO larvae, with retinal precursors being rerouted toward photoreceptor or Müller glia fates. Surprisingly, neural retina is properly specified and maintained in mutant embryos, which do not display microphthalmia. We show that although important cis-regulatory remodelling occurs in vsxKO retinas during early specification, this has little impact at a transcriptomic level. Our observations point to genetic redundancy as an important mechanism sustaining the integrity of the retinal specification network, and to Vsx genes regulatory weight varying substantially among vertebrate species.

Blue supergiants (BSGs) are key objects for understanding the evolution of massive stars. However, discrepancies between theoretical predictions and empirical observations have opened up important questions yet to be answered. Studying statistically significant and unbiased samples of BSGs can help to improve the situation. We aim to perform a homogeneous and comprehensive quantitative spectroscopic analysis of a large sample of Galactic luminous blue stars (being the majority BSGs) from the IACOB spectroscopic database. We derive the projected rotational velocity ($v\sin i$) and macroturbulent broadening ($v_{\rm mac}$) using IACOB-BROAD. We used FASTWIND computations to derive effective temperatures ($T_{\rm eff}$), surface gravities, microturbulences ($\xi$), Si and He surface abundances, and the wind-strength parameter. We provide estimates of these quantities for the largest sample of Galactic luminous O9-B5 stars spectroscopically analyzed to date, with 527 targets. We find a drop in the relative number of stars at ~21 kK, coinciding with a scarcity of fast rotating stars below that temperature. We speculate that this feature might be roughly delineating the location of the Terminal-Age-Main-Sequence in the 15-85M$_\odot$ range. By investigating the main characteristics of the $v\sin i$ distribution as a function of $T_{\rm eff}$, we propose that an efficient mechanism transporting angular momentum from the stellar core to the surface might be operating along the main sequence. We find correlations between $\xi$, $v_{\rm mac}$ and the spectroscopic luminosity. We also find that no more than 20% of the stars in our sample have atmospheres clearly enriched in He, and suggest that the origin of this specific sub-sample might be in binary evolution. We do not find clear empirical evidence of an increase in the wind-strength over the wind bi-stability region towards lower temperatures., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 22 pages, 20 figures

The origin of premature distress in direct transitions from Portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP) to asphalt concrete pavement (ACP) constructed as part of TransMilenio pavement repairs has not been investigated and the related literature is limited, therefore, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was used to determine the mechanical responses of a direct ACP-PCCP transition under moving vehicular loading in order to identify failure mechanisms. In this sense, a PCCP model was validated with a falling-weight deflectometer (FWD) test, field measurements, and analytical solutions, then a concrete slab (CS) was replaced with flowable fill and asphalt concrete (AC) to create the direct ACP-PCCP transition. The direct transition model considered: 1) the viscoelastic nature of the AC; 2) non-uniform tire-pavement contact pressure; and 3) the bonding variation of the AC-concrete interface of the transition joint using different coefficients of friction (COF) and the Coulomb-type friction model. The results showed 1) relatively high near-surface shear strain of the AC, primarily at the joint and extending 122 mm from the joint; 2) relatively high compressive vertical strain on the subgrade top; and 3) high vertical differential displacement of the joint surface. It is concluded that the AC may prematurely experience near-surface cracking at the vicinity of the joint and rutting from the subgrade, however, increasing the AC-concrete interface bonding may be conservative for fatigue cracking and vertical differential displacement., El origen de daños prematuros en transiciones directas de pavimento de concreto asfáltico (PCA) a pavimento de concreto de cemento de Pórtland (PCCP) construidas como parte de las reparaciones del pavimento de TransMilenio no ha sido investigado y la literatura relacionada es limitada, por lo tanto, un modelo tridimensional de elementos finitos (EF) fue utilizado para determinar las respuestas mecánicas de una transición directa de pavimento de PCA-PCCP sometida a carga vehicular en movimiento con el fin de identificar mecanismos de falla. En este sentido, un modelo de PCCP fue validado con un ensayo de deflectómetro de impacto (FWD), mediciones de campo y soluciones analíticas, luego fue remplazada una losa de concreto (LC) por relleno fluido y concreto asfáltico (CA) para crear la transición directa de PCA-PCCP. El modelo de la transición directa consideró: 1) la naturaleza viscoelástica del CA; 2) presiones no uniformes de contacto llanta-pavimento; y 3) la variación de unión de la interfaz CA-concreto de la junta de transición mediante diferentes coeficientes de ficción (CF) y el modelo de fricción de tipo Coulomb. Los resultados mostraron 1) deformación cortante relativamente alta cerca de la superficie del CA, principalmente en la junta y extendida 122 mm desde la junta; 2) deformación vertical de compresión relativamente alta en la parte superior de la subrasante; y 3) alto desplazamiento diferencial vertical de la superficie de la junta. Se concluye que el CA podría experimentar prematuramente agrietamiento cerca de la superficie en inmediación de la junta y ahuellamiento desde la subrasante, no obstante, aumentar la unión de la interfaz CA-concreto puede ser conservativo para el agrietamiento por fatiga y desplazamiento diferencial vertical.

Context. The Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) is a large public spectroscopic survey that has collected, over a period of six years, spectra of ~105 stars. This survey provides not only the reduced spectra, but also the stellar parameters and abundances resulting from the analysis of the spectra. Aims. The GES dataflow is organised in 19 working groups. Working group 13 (WG13) is responsible for the spectral analysis of the hottest stars (O, B, and A type, with a formal cutoff of Teff > 7000 K) that were observed as part of GES. We present the procedures and techniques that have been applied to the reduced spectra in order to determine the stellar parameters and abundances of these stars. Methods. The procedure used was similar to that of other working groups in GES. A number of groups (called Nodes) each independently analyse the spectra via state-of-the-art techniques and codes. Specific for the analysis in WG13 was the large temperature range covered (Teff ≈ 7000–50 000 K), requiring the use of different analysis codes. Most Nodes could therefore only handle part of the data. Quality checks were applied to the results of these Nodes by comparing them to benchmark stars, and by comparing them to one another. For each star the Node values were then homogenised into a single result: the recommended parameters and abundances. Results. Eight Nodes each analysed part of the data. In total 17 693 spectra of 6462 stars were analysed, most of them in 37 open star clusters. The homogenisation led to stellar parameters for 5584 stars. Abundances were determined for a more limited number of stars. The elements studied are He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, and Sc. Abundances for at least one of these elements were determined for 292 stars. Conclusions. The hot-star data analysed here, as well as the GES data in general, will be of considerable use in future studies of stellar evolution and open clusters.

El trasplante renal es la mejor opción terapéutica para la enfermedad renal terminal (ERT); el conocimiento del papel de los anticuerpos anti-antígeno leucocitario humano (HLA) en el rechazo a corto y largo plazo, junto con el descubrimiento de los inmunosupresores anti-calcineurínicos, ha permitido disminuir la pérdida temprana del injerto renal. Aun así, todavía existen pacientes que pierden precozmente el injerto principalmente por trombosis, habiéndose descrito anticuerpos frente a antígenos autólogos en el rechazo y pérdida del injerto a largo plazo. Sin embargo no se conoce su papel en la pérdida temprana del injerto. Objetivo: El principal objetivo de este estudio es determinar el papel de una serie de autoanticuerpos preformados y marcadores de daño endotelial en la pérdida del injerto en los primeros 6 meses post-trasplante y entre los 7 y 24 meses post-trasplante...

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo el estudio de la rentabilidad que produce la aplicación de la tecnología Buildig Information Modeling (BIM), en la etapa de diseño del expediente, frente al método tradicional de cálculo que se fundamenta en dibujos en dos dimensiones (2D). El caso de estudio es la estructura formada por planchas de acero corrugado galvanizado (Multiplate MP152), cimentación y muros de concreto armado, relleno estructural y pavimento flexible, del proyecto de Intercambio Vial, Km 25+115.85 de la Autopista Juliaca - Puno. Se presenta la metodología para el desarrollo del modelo BIM teniendo en cuenta cinco variables (dimensión en el eje x, dimensión en el eje y, dimensión en el eje z, tiempo y costo), con la integración de información utilizando herramientas como software de Autodesk: Recap, Civil 3D, Revit, Infrawork y Navisworks. Se efectúa una comparación del Diseño de las partidas más importantes, obtenido con el método tradicional y con la utilización de BIM, a partir de la cual es posible verificar el aporte y/o rentabilidad que produce la implementación de BIM en el diseño de estas partidas. Como resultado de la modelación en BIM, se valora un ahorro de 24 % en cuanto al tiempo de ejecución y en función de la rentabilidad se estima que dicho ahorro con BIM es de 43.81 % con relación al CAD concluyendo que la tecnología BIM es más sencilla y eficaz de gestionar, agilizando todos los procesos de diseño.

This is the result of an investigation conducted from 2018-2020. It offers an approach to education and processes of significance and Institutionalization of the identities of different cultural groups called indigenous or native peoples, supported by the proposal of a symbolic region. For the analysis and criticism presented, an interpretive hermeneutical methodological approach is used, supported by a decolonial theoretical perspective., El presente es el resultado de una investigación realizada entre 2018-2020. Ofrece un acercamiento a la educación y procesos de significación e Institucionalización de las identidades de distintos grupos culturales denominados como pueblos indígenas u originarios, apoyado en la propuesta de los estudios regionales la delimitación de una región simbólica. Para el análisis y crítica presentada se emplea un enfoque metodológico hermenéutico interpretativo, apoyado en una perspectiva teórica decolonial.

Context. The Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) is a large public spectroscopic survey that has collected, over a period of six years, spectra of ~105 stars. This survey provides not only the reduced spectra, but also the stellar parameters and abundances resulting from the analysis of the spectra. Aims. The GES dataflow is organised in 19 working groups. Working group 13 (WG13) is responsible for the spectral analysis of the hottest stars (O, B, and A type, with a formal cutoff of Teff > 7000 K) that were observed as part of GES. We present the procedures and techniques that have been applied to the reduced spectra in order to determine the stellar parameters and abundances of these stars. Methods. The procedure used was similar to that of other working groups in GES. A number of groups (called Nodes) each independently analyse the spectra via state-of-the-art techniques and codes. Specific for the analysis in WG13 was the large temperature range covered (Teff ≈ 7000–50 000 K), requiring the use of different analysis codes. Most Nodes could therefore only handle part of the data. Quality checks were applied to the results of these Nodes by comparing them to benchmark stars, and by comparing them to one another. For each star the Node values were then homogenised into a single result: the recommended parameters and abundances. Results. Eight Nodes each analysed part of the data. In total 17 693 spectra of 6462 stars were analysed, most of them in 37 open star clusters. The homogenisation led to stellar parameters for 5584 stars. Abundances were determined for a more limited number of stars. The elements studied are He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, and Sc. Abundances for at least one of these elements were determined for 292 stars. Conclusions. The hot-star data analysed here, as well as the GES data in general, will be of considerable use in future studies of stellar evolution and open clusters.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo el estudio de la rentabilidad que produce la aplicación de la tecnología Buildig Information Modeling (BIM), en la etapa de diseño del expediente, frente al método tradicional de cálculo que se fundamenta en dibujos en dos dimensiones (2D). El caso de estudio es la estructura formada por planchas de acero corrugado galvanizado (Multiplate MP152), cimentación y muros de concreto armado, relleno estructural y pavimento flexible, del proyecto de Intercambio Vial, Km 25+115.85 de la Autopista Juliaca - Puno. Se presenta la metodología para el desarrollo del modelo BIM teniendo en cuenta cinco variables (dimensión en el eje x, dimensión en el eje y, dimensión en el eje z, tiempo y costo), con la integración de información utilizando herramientas como software de Autodesk: Recap, Civil 3D, Revit, Infrawork y Navisworks. Se efectúa una comparación del Diseño de las partidas más importantes, obtenido con el método tradicional y con la utilización de BIM, a partir de la cual es posible verificar el aporte y/o rentabilidad que produce la implementación de BIM en el diseño de estas partidas. Como resultado de la modelación en BIM, se valora un ahorro de 24 % en cuanto al tiempo de ejecución y en función de la rentabilidad se estima que dicho ahorro con BIM es de 43.81 % con relación al CAD concluyendo que la tecnología BIM es más sencilla y eficaz de gestionar, agilizando todos los procesos de diseño.

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366$-$959\,nm at $R\sim5000$, or two shorter ranges at $R\sim20\,000$. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for $\sim$3 million stars and detailed abundances for $\sim1.5$ million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey $\sim0.4$ million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey $\sim400$ neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in $z<0.5$ cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in $\sim25\,000$ field galaxies at $0.3\lesssim z \lesssim 0.7$; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using $>1$ million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at $z>2$. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator., Comment: 41 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS; updated version including information on individual grants in a revised Acknowledgements section, corrections to the affiliation list, and an updated references list

Este documento presenta, como objetivo principal, un estudio de factibilidad ambiental para la implementación de algodón orgánico en la industria textil colombiana, el cual se ha venido desarrollando a escala investigativa en los últimos años con el fin de encontrar una alternativa al algodón tradicional que sea responsable en mayor medida con la conservación del medio ambiente y el uso optimo de los recursos naturales. Inicialmente se llevo a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica a nivel global con el fin de identificar las tendencias actuales del mercado textil, en términos del ciclo de vida del algodón convencional incluyendo sus procesos de transformación, donde se identificaron las ventajas y desventajas de la manufactura del mismo. Posteriormente se procedió a analizar materias primas renovables que sustituyan la fibra textil convencional, encontrando así que el algodón orgánico es una alternativa viable y ambientalmente sostenible que puede ser utilizada en las industrias textiles en Colombia, por lo cual por medio de esta investigación, se propone utilizar esta alternativa como materia prima principal para este tipo de industrias, con el objetivo de mitigar los efectos negativos generados por el algodón convencional, tanto a la sociedad como a al medio ambiente.

The “classical” SAE LoA for automated driving can present several drawbacks, and the SAE-L2 and SAE-L3, in particular, can lead to the so-called “irony of automation”, where the driver is substituted by the artificial system, but is still regarded as a “supervisor” or as a “fallback mechanism”. To overcome this problem, while taking advantage of the latest technology, we regard both human and machine as members of a unique team that share the driving task. Depending on the available resources (in terms of driver’s status, system state, and environment conditions) and considering that they are very dynamic, an adaptive assignment of authority for each member of the team is needed. This is achieved by designing a technology enabler, constituted by the intelligent and adaptive co-pilot. It comprises (1) a lateral shared controller based on NMPC, which applies the authority, (2) an arbitration module based on FIS, which calculates the authority, and (3) a visual HMI, as an enabler of trust in automation decisions and actions. The benefits of such a system are shown in this paper through a comparison of the shared control driving mode, with manual driving (as a baseline) and lane-keeping and lane-centering (as two commercial ADAS). Tests are performed in a use case where support for a distracted driver is given. Quantitative and qualitative results confirm the hypothesis that shared control offers the best balance between performance, safety, and comfort during the driving task.

En búsqueda de entrenar a los jóvenes en estrategias que les permitan expresar sus emociones frente a situaciones de duelo, se crea una cartilla digital didáctica llamada “DUELO. EXPRESA LO QUE SIENTES” la cual va dirigida especialmente a adolescentes entre los 14 y 17 años, con el propósito de que logren identificar, diferenciar y caracterizar las emociones asociadas al duelo.

En búsqueda de entrenar a los jóvenes en estrategias que les permitan expresar sus emociones frente a situaciones de duelo, se crea una cartilla digital didáctica llamada “DUELO. EXPRESA LO QUE SIENTES” la cual va dirigida especialmente a adolescentes entre los 14 y 17 años, con el propósito de que logren identificar, diferenciar y caracterizar las emociones asociadas al duelo.

En búsqueda de entrenar a los jóvenes en estrategias que les permitan expresar sus emociones frente a situaciones de duelo, se crea una cartilla digital didáctica llamada “DUELO. EXPRESA LO QUE SIENTES” la cual va dirigida especialmente a adolescentes entre los 14 y 17 años, con el propósito de que logren identificar, diferenciar y caracterizar las emociones asociadas al duelo.

Cosmic history has witnessed the lives and deaths of multiple generations of massive stars, all of them invigorating their host galaxies with ionizing photons, kinetic energy, fresh material, and stellar-mass black holes. Ubiquitous engines as they are, astrophysics needs a good understanding of their formation, evolution, properties and yields throughout the history of the Universe, and with decreasing metal content mimicking the environment at the earliest epochs. Ultimately, a physical model that could be extrapolated to zero metallicity would enable tackling long-standing questions such as “What did the first, very massive stars of the Universe look like?” or “What was their role in the re-ionization of the Universe?” Yet, most of our knowledge of metal-poor massive stars is drawn from one single point in metallicity. Massive stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC, ∼1/5Z⊙ ) currently serve as templates for low-metallicity objects in the early Universe, even though significant differences with respect to massive stars with poorer metal content have been reported. This White Paper summarizes the current knowledge on extremely (sub-SMC) metal poor massive stars, highlighting the most outstanding open questions and the need to supersede the SMC as standard. A new paradigm can be built from nearby extremely metal-poor galaxies that make a new metallicity ladder, but massive stars in these galaxies are out of reach to current observational facilities. Such a task would require an L-size mission, consisting of a 10m-class space telescope operating in the optical and the ultraviolet ranges. Alternatively, we propose that ESA unites efforts with NASA to make the LUVOIR mission concept a reality, thus continuing the successful partnership that made the Hubble Space Telescope one of the greatest observatories of all time.

The “classical” SAE LoA for automated driving can present several drawbacks, and the SAE-L2 and SAE-L3, in particular, can lead to the so-called “irony of automation”, where the driver is substituted by the artificial system, but is still regarded as a “supervisor” or as a “fallback mechanism”. To overcome this problem, while taking advantage of the latest technology, we regard both human and machine as members of a unique team that share the driving task. Depending on the available resources (in terms of driver’s status, system state, and environment conditions) and considering that they are very dynamic, an adaptive assignment of authority for each member of the team is needed. This is achieved by designing a technology enabler, constituted by the intelligent and adaptive co-pilot. It comprises (1) a lateral shared controller based on NMPC, which applies the authority, (2) an arbitration module based on FIS, which calculates the authority, and (3) a visual HMI, as an enabler of trust in automation decisions and actions. The benefits of such a system are shown in this paper through a comparison of the shared control driving mode, with manual driving (as a baseline) and lane-keeping and lane-centering (as two commercial ADAS). Tests are performed in a use case where support for a distracted driver is given. Quantitative and qualitative results confirm the hypothesis that shared control offers the best balance between performance, safety, and comfort during the driving task.

The interaction environmental genotype in common bean crops (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and their reaction to Meloidogyne spp., are aspects insufficiently addressed despite the influence they have on the productive results of this crop. The productive potential of five common bean crops was determined, in agroecosystems in Pinar del Río, Cuba, and the incidence of a population of Meloidogyne spp. in the vegetative phase of the crop. To this end, field experiments were established in ‘San Juan and Martínez’ and ‘Sandino’, on Ferralitic yellowish and Fluvisol soils, respectively. Commercial crops (treatments) were used: ‘BAT 304’ (commercial production witness), ‘CUL 156’, ‘Buenaventura’, ‘Delicias 364’ and ‘Chevere’. A test was also developed, under semi-controlled conditions with pots of 1. 5 kg and substrate based on ferralitic yellowish + peat soil (70% + 30%), with and without inoculation of Meloidogyne spp. (1.5 J2-eggs g-1 substrate) in the crops referred. The differences between crops and their interaction with agroecosystems showed a marked influence on grain production, although the best results were obtained with the crops ‘CUL 156’ and ‘Buenaventura’, because they exceeded by 25% the agricultural yield of the commercial production witness, in the agroecosystem of 'San Juan and Martínez’ and ‘Sandino’, respectively. It was confirmed that the cultivars evaluated are hosts of Meloidogyne spp., although ‘Buenaventura’ expressed lower infection index for the level of inoculum used, while the inverse relationship between weight and the number of guts and ootheca in the radical system of plants, suggested a harmful effect of these phytonematodes on the vegetative phase of the crop, La interacción genotipo ambiente en cultivares de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) y su reacción frente a Meloidogyne spp., son aspectos abordados a pesar de la influencia que tienen en los resultados productivos. Se determinó el potencial productivo de cinco cultivares de frijol común, en agroecosistemas de Pinar del Río, Cuba, y la incidencia de una población de Meloidogyne spp. en fase vegetativa del cultivo. Para ello se establecieron experimentos en ‘San Juan y Martínez’ y ‘Sandino’, sobre suelos Ferralítico amarillento y Fluvisol, respectivamente. Se emplearon los cultivares comerciales (tratamientos): ‘BAT 304’ (testigo de producción comercial), ‘CUL 156’, ‘Buenaventura’, ‘Delicias 364’ y ‘Chévere’. También se desarrolló un ensayo en condiciones semicontroladas con macetas de 1.5 kg y sustrato a base de suelo ferralítico amarillento + turba (70% + 30%), con y sin inoculación de Meloidogyne spp. (1.5 J2-huevos g-1 de sustrato) en los cultivares referidos. Las diferencias entre cultivares y su interacción con los agroecosistemas evidenciaron una marcada influencia sobre la producción de granos, aunque mejores resultados se obtuvieron con los cultivares ‘CUL 156’ y ‘Buenaventura’, pues superó en 25% el rendimiento del testigo de producción comercial, en el agroecosistema de ‘San Juan y Martínez’ y ‘Sandino’, respectivamente. Se confirmó que los cultivares evaluados son hospedantes de Meloidogyne spp., aunque ‘Buenaventura’ expresó menor índice de agallamiento para el nivel de inóculo empleado, mientras que la relación inversa entre fitomasa y el número de agallas y ootecas en el sistema radical de las plantas, sugirieron un efecto nocivo de estos fitonematodos en la fase vegetativa del cultivo

Different physicochemical tests have been used over time in the Oryza sativa species for the study of industrial and culinary properties. In this study, nine attributes were compared: amylose content, total whiteness, thousand grain weight, grain length and width, gelatinization time, apparent water absorption, expansion ratio, and gelatinization temperature. However, there is no single attribute that allows defining the concept of “culinary quality” in rice, since it depends on its behavior after cooking. The two varieties of long fine polished rice used for this study were: IRGA 424 and Tranquilo FL INTA and a mixture of both. In this work, the characterization of industrial and culinary properties of the rice varieties mentioned above was achieved by evaluating five attributes using simple and low-cost physical-chemical techniques in two of the rice varieties most in demand by producers. Of the province of Corrientes. This finding would allow the study of rice varieties to be approached by optimizing: equipment, reagents and time in future trials., Distintas pruebas físico químicas se han utilizado a lo largo del tiempo en la especie Oryza sativa para el estudio de las propiedades industriales y culinarias. En este estudio, se compararon nueve atributos: contenido de amilosa, blancura total, peso de mil granos, largo y ancho de los granos, tiempo de gelatinización, absorción aparente de agua, relación de expansión y temperatura de gelatinización. Sin embargo, no existe un único atributo que permita definir el concepto de “calidad culinaria” en arroz, ya que éste depende de su comportamiento luego de la cocción. Las dos variedades de arroz largo fino pulido utilizadas para este estudio fueron: IRGA 424 y Tranquilo FL INTA y además los granos de un cultivar producto de la mezcla 50/50 de las semillas de ambas variedades. En este trabajo, se logró la caracterización de propiedades industriales y culinarias de las variedades de arroz citadas precedentemente mediante la evaluación de cinco atributos utilizando técnicas físico químicas simples y de bajo costo en dos de las variedades de arroz de mayor demanda por parte de los productores de la provincia de Corrientes. Este hallazgo, permitiría abordar el estudio de variedades de arroz optimizando: equipamiento, reactivos y tiempo en futuros ensayos.

En búsqueda de entrenar a los jóvenes en estrategias que les permitan expresar sus emociones frente a situaciones de duelo, se crea una cartilla digital didáctica llamada “DUELO. EXPRESA LO QUE SIENTES” la cual va dirigida especialmente a adolescentes entre los 14 y 17 años, con el propósito de que logren identificar, diferenciar y caracterizar las emociones asociadas al duelo.