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New methodological approaches focused on studying the reduction and use-life of stone tools have emerged in recent years, enabling researchers to move beyond strict technical and technological characterizations and explore specific aspects of occupation dynamics and economic management of resources. Previous studies have shown the importance of reduction distributions of individual measurements rather than averaged values. In this sense, survival analysis, and more specifically Weibull distributions, are one of the main inferential tools used in reduction studies. However, the resolution of Weibull distribution obtained from different methods has not been tested experimentally. In this paper, we present an evaluation of some of the main methods used in the study of core reduction intensity, such as the Volumetric Reconstruction Method, the Scar Density Index, and the non-cortical surface percentage. Our results show 1) strong and positive correlations between these approaches and actual reduction intensity, 2) similar Weibull distributions for non-cortical surface percentage, Volumetric Reconstruction Method, and logarithmic transformation of Scar Density Index. In addition, 3) the results from each method show a similar intra-assemblage variation, with a high percentage of agreement between them. As a result, all the evaluated proposals are useful and reliable methods for estimating the degree of reduction. Finally, a workflow is proposed for approaching reduction in archaeological assemblages by integrating different methods in the same study.

In the community of Nitiluisa, Calpi parish, Chimborazo province, the use of different food diets was evaluated in the formation of nuclei of mestizo Italian bees. For the development of this research, three treatments were used: T1 (25% corn flour + 10% honey + 45% soy + 20% pollen), T2 (50% corn flour + 10% honey + 30% soy + 10% % pollen), T3 (75% corn flour + 10% honey + 15% soy), compared to a control treatment T0 (syrup + pollen). A DCA was applied, with three repetitions and the TUE was one for this investigative process. When evaluating the productive parameters, such as: initial weight, final weight, weight gain, feed consumption, number of cell with open broods, number of frames with open broods, number of cells with closed broods, number of frames with closed broods , birth of queens, fertilization of the queen; no significant differences were determined and only in the food consumption variable significant statistical differences were recorded, obtaining higher consumption in treatment T0 (19456.67 ml); indicating that a B/C was obtained with treatments T1, T2, T3, of 1.10 dollars, which means that for every dollar invested there is a profit of 0.10 dollars, while the lowest B/C was obtained with treatment T0 with 1.06 represents that for every dollar invested, a profit of 0.06 dollars was obtained; In this virtue, it is recommended to implement the use of the mixture based on corn flour (50%) and soy flour (45%), as a protein supplement for feeding bees, since it had a good acceptance by these individuals. In addition, the new nuclei could be established without any inconvenience., Na comunidade de Nitiluisa, freguesia de Calpi, província de Chimborazo, avaliou-se o uso de diferentes dietas alimentares na formação de núcleos de abelhas mestiças italianas. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foram utilizados três tratamentos: T1 (25% farinha de milho + 10% mel + 45% soja + 20% pólen), T2 (50% farinha de milho + 10% mel + 30% soja + 10% % pólen), T3 (75% farinha de milho + 10% mel + 15% soja), em comparação com um tratamento controle T0 (xarope + pólen). Foi aplicado um DCA, com três repetições e a AUT foi uma para este processo investigativo. Ao avaliar os parâmetros produtivos, tais como: peso inicial, peso final, ganho de peso, consumo de ração, número de alvéolos com crias abertas, número de quadros com crias abertas, número de alvéolos com crias fechadas, número de alvéolos com crias fechadas, nascimento das rainhas, fertilização da rainha; não foram determinadas diferenças significativas e apenas na variável consumo alimentar foram registradas diferenças estatísticas significativas, obtendo-se maior consumo no tratamento T0 (19456,67 ml); indicando que um B/C foi obtido com os tratamentos T1, T2, T3, de 1,10 dólares, o que significa que para cada dólar investido há um lucro de 0,10 dólares, enquanto o menor B/C obtido com o tratamento T0 com 1,06 representa que para cada dólar investido, obteve-se um lucro de 0,06 dólares; Nesta virtude, recomenda-se implementar o uso da mistura à base de farinha de milho (50%) e farinha de soja (45%), como suplemento protéico para alimentação das abelhas, pois teve boa aceitação por esses indivíduos. , os novos núcleos puderam ser estabelecidos sem qualquer inconveniente., En la comunidad de Nitiluisa, parroquia Calpi, Provincia de Chimborazo, se valuó la utilización de diferentes dietas alimenticias, en la formación de núcleos de abejas italianas mestizas. Para el desarrollo de la presente investigación se utilizaron tres tratamientos: T1 (25 % Harina de maíz + 10 % miel + 45 % soya + 20 % de polen), T2 (50 % harina de maíz+ 10 % miel + 30 % soya +10 % polen), T3 (75 % harina de maíz + 10 % miel + 15 % de soya), frente a un tratamiento testigo T0 (Jarabe + polen). Se aplicó un DCA, con tres repeticiones y el TUE fue de una para este proceso investigativo. Al evaluar los parámetros productivos, tales como: peso inicial, peso final, ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento, número de celdas con crías abiertas, número de marcos con crías abiertas, número de celdas con crías cerradas, número de marcos con crías cerradas, nacimiento de reinas, fecundación de la reina; no se determinaron diferencias significativas y únicamente en la variable consumo de alimento se registraron diferencias estadísticas significativas, obteniéndose mayor consumo en el tratamiento T0 (19456,67 ml); indicando que un B/C se obtuvo con los tratamientos T1, T2, T3, de 1,10 dólares lo que significa que por cada dólar invertido existe una utilidad 0,10 dólares, mientras que el B/C más bajo, se obtuvo con el tratamiento T0 con 1,06 representa que por cada dólar invertido se obtuvo una ganancia de 0,06 dólares; En tal virtud se recomienda implementar el uso de la mezcla a base (50%) de harina de maíz y harina de soya (45%), como suplemento proteico para la alimentación de abejas, ya que tuvo una buena aceptación por parte de estos individuos, además se pudieron establecer los nuevos núcleos sin ningún inconveniente.

In the community of Nitiluisa, Calpi parish, Chimborazo province, the use of different food diets was evaluated in the formation of nuclei of mestizo Italian bees. For the development of this research, three treatments were used: T1 (25% corn flour + 10% honey + 45% soy + 20% pollen), T2 (50% corn flour + 10% honey + 30% soy + 10% % pollen), T3 (75% corn flour + 10% honey + 15% soy), compared to a control treatment T0 (syrup + pollen). A DCA was applied, with three repetitions and the TUE was one for this investigative process. When evaluating the productive parameters, such as: initial weight, final weight, weight gain, feed consumption, number of cell with open broods, number of frames with open broods, number of cells with closed broods, number of frames with closed broods , birth of queens, fertilization of the queen; no significant differences were determined and only in the food consumption variable significant statistical differences were recorded, obtaining higher consumption in treatment T0 (19456.67 ml); indicating that a B/C was obtained with treatments T1, T2, T3, of 1.10 dollars, which means that for every dollar invested there is a profit of 0.10 dollars, while the lowest B/C was obtained with treatment T0 with 1.06 represents that for every dollar invested, a profit of 0.06 dollars was obtained; In this virtue, it is recommended to implement the use of the mixture based on corn flour (50%) and soy flour (45%), as a protein supplement for feeding bees, since it had a good acceptance by these individuals. In addition, the new nuclei could be established without any inconvenience., Na comunidade de Nitiluisa, freguesia de Calpi, província de Chimborazo, avaliou-se o uso de diferentes dietas alimentares na formação de núcleos de abelhas mestiças italianas. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foram utilizados três tratamentos: T1 (25% farinha de milho + 10% mel + 45% soja + 20% pólen), T2 (50% farinha de milho + 10% mel + 30% soja + 10% % pólen), T3 (75% farinha de milho + 10% mel + 15% soja), em comparação com um tratamento controle T0 (xarope + pólen). Foi aplicado um DCA, com três repetições e a AUT foi uma para este processo investigativo. Ao avaliar os parâmetros produtivos, tais como: peso inicial, peso final, ganho de peso, consumo de ração, número de alvéolos com crias abertas, número de quadros com crias abertas, número de alvéolos com crias fechadas, número de alvéolos com crias fechadas, nascimento das rainhas, fertilização da rainha; não foram determinadas diferenças significativas e apenas na variável consumo alimentar foram registradas diferenças estatísticas significativas, obtendo-se maior consumo no tratamento T0 (19456,67 ml); indicando que um B/C foi obtido com os tratamentos T1, T2, T3, de 1,10 dólares, o que significa que para cada dólar investido há um lucro de 0,10 dólares, enquanto o menor B/C obtido com o tratamento T0 com 1,06 representa que para cada dólar investido, obteve-se um lucro de 0,06 dólares; Nesta virtude, recomenda-se implementar o uso da mistura à base de farinha de milho (50%) e farinha de soja (45%), como suplemento protéico para alimentação das abelhas, pois teve boa aceitação por esses indivíduos. , os novos núcleos puderam ser estabelecidos sem qualquer inconveniente., En la comunidad de Nitiluisa, parroquia Calpi, Provincia de Chimborazo, se valuó la utilización de diferentes dietas alimenticias, en la formación de núcleos de abejas italianas mestizas. Para el desarrollo de la presente investigación se utilizaron tres tratamientos: T1 (25 % Harina de maíz + 10 % miel + 45 % soya + 20 % de polen), T2 (50 % harina de maíz+ 10 % miel + 30 % soya +10 % polen), T3 (75 % harina de maíz + 10 % miel + 15 % de soya), frente a un tratamiento testigo T0 (Jarabe + polen). Se aplicó un DCA, con tres repeticiones y el TUE fue de una para este proceso investigativo. Al evaluar los parámetros productivos, tales como: peso inicial, peso final, ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento, número de celdas con crías abiertas, número de marcos con crías abiertas, número de celdas con crías cerradas, número de marcos con crías cerradas, nacimiento de reinas, fecundación de la reina; no se determinaron diferencias significativas y únicamente en la variable consumo de alimento se registraron diferencias estadísticas significativas, obteniéndose mayor consumo en el tratamiento T0 (19456,67 ml); indicando que un B/C se obtuvo con los tratamientos T1, T2, T3, de 1,10 dólares lo que significa que por cada dólar invertido existe una utilidad 0,10 dólares, mientras que el B/C más bajo, se obtuvo con el tratamiento T0 con 1,06 representa que por cada dólar invertido se obtuvo una ganancia de 0,06 dólares; En tal virtud se recomienda implementar el uso de la mezcla a base (50%) de harina de maíz y harina de soya (45%), como suplemento proteico para la alimentación de abejas, ya que tuvo una buena aceptación por parte de estos individuos, además se pudieron establecer los nuevos núcleos sin ningún inconveniente.

A look at the exhibition Manet-Velázquez: La manière espagnole au XIXe siè-cle, held in Paris, at the Musée d’Orsay (2003), with special attention to Manet’s paint-ing Lola de Valence and its symbolism in relation to printed florals represented in the garment of the young Spanish dancer, which stands out for its bright colors in shades of various shades and a black background. With an enormous wealth of brushstroke effects and different nuances, the floral print contributed greatly to the construction of an image of great fidelity to the tradition of Spanish fashion of the 19th century, as well as translating the Spanish influence in Manet’s painting, Um olhar sobre a exposição Manet-Velázquez: La manière espagnole au XIXe siècle, realizada em Paris, no Museu d’Orsay (2003), com foco especial no quadro Lola de Valence de Manet e seu simbolismo em relação à estampa floral representada na vesti-menta da jovem bailarina espanhola, que se destaca pelas cores vivas em nuances de tons variados e fundo preto. Com uma enorme riqueza em efeitos de pinceladas e tonalidades diversas, a estampa floral muito contribuiu na construção de uma imagem com grande fidelidade à tradição da moda espanhola do século XIX, além de traduzir a influência espanhola na pintura de Manet., Una mirada a la exposición Manet-Velázquez: La manière espagnole au XIXe siècle, celebrada en París, en el Musée d’Orsay (2003), con especial atención a la pintura Lola de Valence de Manet y su simbolismo en relación con lo floral estampado representado en la prenda de la joven bailarina española, que destaca por sus vivos colores en matices de variados tonos y un fondo negro. Con una enorme riqueza de efectos de pinceladas y diferentes matices, el estampado floral contribuyó en gran medida a la construcción de una imagen de gran fidelidad a la tradición de la moda española del siglo XIX, además de traducir la influencia española en la pintura de Manet.

Context. The final outcome and chemical composition of a planetary system depend on its formation history: the physical processes that were involved and the molecular species available at different stages. Physical processes such as accretion shocks are thought to be common in the protostellar phase, where the envelope component is still present, and they can release molecules from the dust to the gas phase, altering the original chemical composition of the disk. Consequently, the study of accretion shocks is essential for a better understanding of the physical processes at disk scales and their chemical output.Aims. The purpose of this work is to assess how the material from the infalling envelope feeds the disk and the chemical consequences thereof, particularly the characteristics of accretion shocks traced by sulfur-related species.Methods. We present high angular resolution observations (0 ''.1, corresponding to 14 au) with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) of the Class I protostar Oph-IRS 44 (also known as YLW 16A). The continuum emission at 0.87 mm is observed, together with sulfur-related species such as SO, SO2, and (SO2)-S-34. The non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) radiative-transfer tool RADEX and the rotational diagram method are employed to assess the physical conditions of the SO2 emitting region.Results. Six lines of SO2, two lines of (SO2)-S-34, and one line of SO are detected toward IRS 44. The emission of all the detected lines peaks at similar to 0 ''.1 (similar to 14 au) from the continuum peak and we find infalling-rotating motions inside 30 au. However, only redshifted emission is seen between 50 and 30 au. Colder and more quiescent material is seen toward an offset region located at a distance of similar to 400 au from the protostar, and we do not find evidence of a Keplerian profile in these data. The SO2 emitting region around the protostar is consistent with dense gas (>= 10(8) cm(

Context. The final outcome and chemical composition of a planetary system depend on its formation history: the physical processes that were involved and the molecular species available at different stages. Physical processes such as accretion shocks are thought to be common in the protostellar phase, where the envelope component is still present, and they can release molecules from the dust to the gas phase, altering the original chemical composition of the disk. Consequently, the study of accretion shocks is essential for a better understanding of the physical processes at disk scales and their chemical output.Aims. The purpose of this work is to assess how the material from the infalling envelope feeds the disk and the chemical consequences thereof, particularly the characteristics of accretion shocks traced by sulfur-related species.Methods. We present high angular resolution observations (0 ''.1, corresponding to 14 au) with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) of the Class I protostar Oph-IRS 44 (also known as YLW 16A). The continuum emission at 0.87 mm is observed, together with sulfur-related species such as SO, SO2, and (SO2)-S-34. The non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) radiative-transfer tool RADEX and the rotational diagram method are employed to assess the physical conditions of the SO2 emitting region.Results. Six lines of SO2, two lines of (SO2)-S-34, and one line of SO are detected toward IRS 44. The emission of all the detected lines peaks at similar to 0 ''.1 (similar to 14 au) from the continuum peak and we find infalling-rotating motions inside 30 au. However, only redshifted emission is seen between 50 and 30 au. Colder and more quiescent material is seen toward an offset region located at a distance of similar to 400 au from the protostar, and we do not find evidence of a Keplerian profile in these data. The SO2 emitting region around the protostar is consistent with dense gas (>= 10(8) cm(

The ability of early hominins to overcome the constraints imposed by the characteristics of raw materials used for stone tool production is a key topic on the discussion about the evolution of hominin cognitive capabilities and technical behaviours. Thus, technological variability has been the centrepiece on this debate. However, the variability of lithic assemblages cannot be correctly interpreted without understanding site occupational models and function and considering that individual tools represent specific discard moments in a continuous reduction process. In Europe, the earliest technological record is represented by the scarce and scattered Mode 1 technologies, often deriving from occasional occupations or restricted activity areas yielding unrepresentative assemblages. In this paper, we approach the technological behaviours exhibited by Lower Palaeolithic hominins from the subunit TD6.2 of the Gran Dolina site (Atapuerca, Burgos) by including the perspective of reduction intensity studies on the analysis of technological variability. Gran Dolina TD6.2 is a unique and extremely significant archaeological context, as it represents the oldest multi-layered unit of domestic hominin occupations in the Early Pleistocene of Europe. We use the Volumetric Reconstruction Method (VRM) to estimate the original volume of the blanks and quantify the reduction intensity of each core individually to characterise the reduction distribution patterns using Weibull probability distribution functions. Our results suggest differential raw material management in terms of reduction intensity, according to the characteristics of each lithology. This could reflect a solid understanding of raw material qualities and a certain degree of planning. Altogether, the continuity between knapping strategies through reduction denotes constant adaptation to raw material constraints as well as particular knapping conditions, rather than specific compartmentalised mental schemes. In conclusion

© Author(s) 2021. Andreas Born acknowledges support from the Trond Mohn Foundation. We thank Nicholas Holschuh and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive suggestions. This research has been supported by the Trond Mohn Foundation (Modeling Englacial Layers and Tracers in Ice Sheets), the Ramón y Cajal Programme of the Spanish Ministry for Science, Innovation and Universities (grant no. RYC-2016- 20587), and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation project ICEAGE (grant no. PID2019-110714RA-I00)., Radar reflections from the interior of the Greenland ice sheet contain a comprehensive archive of past accumulation rates, ice dynamics, and basal melting. Combining these data with dynamic ice sheet models may greatly aid model calibration, improve past and future sea level estimates, and enable insights into past ice sheet dynamics that neither models nor data could achieve alone. Unfortunately, simulating the continental-scale ice sheet stratigraphy represents a major challenge for current ice sheet models. In this study, we present the first three-dimensional ice sheet model that explicitly simulates the Greenland englacial stratigraphy. Individual layers of accumulation are represented on a grid whose vertical axis is time so that they do not exchange mass with each other as the flow of ice deforms them. This isochronal advection scheme does not influence the ice dynamics and only requires modest input data from a host thermomechanical ice sheet model, making it easy to transfer to a range of models. Using an ensemble of simulations, we show that direct comparison with the dated radiostratigraphy data yields notably more accurate results than calibrating simulations based on total ice thickness. We show that the isochronal scheme produces a more reliable simulation of the englacial age profile than traditional age tracers. The interpretation of ice dynamics at different times is possible but limited by uncertainties in the upper and lower boundary conditions, namely temporal variations in surface mass balance and basal friction., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Trond Mohn Foundation, Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

Recent seismic events have shown that permanent damage and deformations of buildings prevent the structure from being serviceable, imposing high costs associated with repairs or demolition. The yielding and inelasticity of the steel rebars in the boundary ends of modern designed reinforced concrete walls are generally the source of residual displacements for reinforced concrete buildings. This paper investigates the residual displacement of reinforced concrete walls detailed with either conventional steel or shape memory alloys in the boundary ends of the wall. The force-displacement response of a large dataset of reinforced concrete flexurally-governed walls is analysed to derive the residual displacement as a function of inplane displacement (or drift). The existing very few experimental results on reinforced concrete walls detailed with shape memory alloys are also examined. On average, walls detailed with conventional steel are found to attain residual displacement less than the permissible limit for drifts up to 1.5%. The shape memory alloy walls are generally shown to perform better, with an estimate of the permissible limit being reached at approximately 2.0% drift. However, some design deficiencies from two of three wall specimens detailed with shape memory alloys resulted in poor performance. Thus, more experimental testing is needed on reinforced concrete walls detailed with shape memory alloys to increase confidence in using these materials in practice.

Confined crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was studied in electrospun core-shell nanofibers and beads, respectively, using DSC. The core-shell structure consisted of PEO core and polystyrene (PS) shell. It was observed that the morphology of PEO core changed from continuous to discrete domains when the core spinning solvent was switched from water to chloroform. This significantly influenced the crystallization behavior of PEO such that whereas the crystallization nucleation mechanism was heterogeneous for nanofibers with continuous PEO core, it became fractionated for nanofibers with discontinuous PEO core. The relaxation of the PEO domains, in the nanofibers with discontinuous core, via thermal annealing above the glass transition temperature of PS shell, markedly increased homogenous nucleation contribution in the crystallization. This plausibly was due to relaxation of PEO domains through domain breakup and coalescence process resulting in higher fraction of nanosized PEO domains., QC 20220321

It is inevitable that Structures become older and their intended use changes or the structuralcodes regulations change. In some regions the damage from seismic activities is a possibility.It becomes, therefore crucial to assess the structural capacity of such structures. The purposeof this study is to assess the different methods used for testing and estimating thecharacteristic in-situ compressive strength which is the most vital parameter required instructural assessment. The focus of the study is for existing structures where there is no prior knowledge about theconcrete strength. This study first investigates and evaluates the merits and demerits of thesemethods for investigation of the condition of in-situ compressive strength of concrete inexisting structures. A case study of the Skuru bridge that was built in 1914 was utilized forthis study. The study is based on information of the construction data and some results fromprior investigation performed by the company COWI. Afterwards, non-destructive tests werecarried out with the UPV and Rebound hammer to assess the quality of the concrete. In addition, the study assesses the use of different interpretation methods with regards toreliability and practical application. The results were interpreted in accordance to theEuropean codes, Swedish codes and other interpretation methods. The difference of theresults from the different interpretation methods are compared and evaluated for reliabilityand efficiency. The test results confirmed that the concrete consisted of the same strength class. However,the results from the different interpretation methods are dissimilar. The reason for obtainingdifferent results is because the methods depend on different methodologies. The studyshowed that some methods can sometimes overestimate the results and become unsafe forstructural assessment. On the contrary, the other methods can yield lower but safer estimates. Moreover, the use of small number of cores is evaluated for vario, Samtida befintliga konstruktioner blir äldre och de dimensionerade lasterna ökar med tiden.Ifatt med detta ändras även kraven för större laster. Därför bör regelbundna inspektioner ochförbättringar genomföras. I vissa områden kan det även förekomma seismiska rörelser som isin tur förorsakar skador på strukturer. Av bland annat dessa anledningar är det därför viktigtatt bedöma bärförmågan för befintliga konstruktioner. Syftet med arbetet är att granska demetoder och tillvägagångssätt som finns för att kunna bedöma den karaktäristiskatryckhållfastheten för betong i befintliga konstruktioner. Tryckhållfastheten är den styrandeparametern för materialet under tillståndsbedömningar. Huvudfokuset med arbetet är att bedöma den karaktäristiska tryckhållfastheten för befintligakonstruktioner som saknar information om nuvarande tryckhållfasthet. Till en början utfördesen noggrann litteraturstudie för alla applicerbara metoder. Därefter gjordes en undersökningoch bedömning av för- och nackdelar med vardera metod. Syftet med dessa metoder är attkunna mäta den nuvarande tryckhållfastheten för befintliga konstruktioner. Efter en ingående litteraturstudie, valdes de icke-destruktiva metoderna Ultrasonic pulsevelocity och Schmidt Hammer. Dessa metoder applicerades senare på Skuru bron i syfte attutföra icke-destruktiva tester för att bedöma betongens kvalitet. Tidigarekonstruktionshandlingar samt provtagningsrapporter från Skurubron som byggdes år 1914,har legat till grund för detta arbete. Företaget COWI är ansvariga för Skurubron projektet ochhar tillhandahållit all information om bron. Vidare, redovisar detta arbete olika beräkningssätt för samtliga metoder utifrån olikastandarder och tolkningsmetoder. För varje tolkningsmetod har evalueringar och analyserutförts med avseende på tillförlitlighet och praktisk tillämpning. De redovisadeberäkningssätten har använts för att räkna fram resultat från destruktiva och icke-destruktivatester. Resultaten tolkades i enlighet med europeiska

Colors can be used to influence the attentional process and, consequently, the learning process. The visual gaze mapping technique using an eye-tracking system is a promising way to investigate this relation between colors and visual attention. The purpose of this literature review was to analyze studies about the use and influence of colors, along with the use of eye-tracking, in the educational context in Sciences and Mathematics. Studies published from 2005 to 2020 were considered in order to identify the state-of-the-art and possible gaps in this field. The results indicated that there are few studies which analyzed color as an isolated variable and the way that colors were used in the material. In addition, there is a scarcity of studies about the use of dynamic materials, studies that are carried out with participants from other levels besides higher education, and with participants with atypical neurodevelopment. The area of knowledge with most research on the topic was Biology and the most used pedagogical resource was figures with text, As cores podem ser usadas para influenciar o processo atencional e, consequentemente, o processo de aprendizagem. A técnica de mapeamento do foco visual utilizando um sistema de rastreamento ocular (eye-tracking) é uma forma promissora de se investigar esta relação entre cores e atenção visual. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura foi analisar estudos sobre o uso e a influência das cores, junto à utilização de rastreamento ocular, no contexto educacional em Ciências e Matemática. Considerou-se os estudos publicados de 2005 a 2020, a fim de identificar o estado da arte e possíveis lacunas na área. Os resultados indicaram que há poucos estudos que analisaram a cor como uma variável isolada e a forma que as cores foram empregadas no material. Além disso, há escassez de estudos sobre o uso de materiais dinâmicos, estudos que sejam realizados com participantes de outros níveis além do ensino superior, e em participantes com neurodesenvolvimento atípico. A área do conhecimento com mais pesquisas sobre o tema foi a Biologia e o recurso pedagógico mais utilizado foi o de figuras com texto.

Symbols are part of social manifestations and they give an account of the complexities that surroundhuman communities. This essay seeks to explain the various ways that groups or individuals madepublic the problems they faced at the beginning of the quarantine period in Colombia, specificallyduring March 2020. In a kind of color game, they hung up red rags to call attention to their economic needs, black rags to denounce violence against women or blue rags to demand respect for health workers. This range of symbols crossed borders and gave visibility to all of these issues. From this dire situation festivities did not escape, and this essay tries to decipher the various ways in which this patrimonial manifestation can be defended against the pandemic triggered by the coronavirus, Os símbolos fazem parte das manifestações sociais e dão conta das complexidades nas quais estãoimersas as comunidades humanas. Este ensaio busca explicar as diversas formas pelas quais coletivos humanos ou indivíduos tornaram público os problemas que afrontavam o início do período da quarentena na Colômbia, especificamente no mês de março de 2020. Numa espécie de jogo de cores, penduraram panos vermelhos para chamar a atenção sobre as necessidades de apoio contra suas pobrezas, ou panos pretos para denunciar a violência contra as mulheres, ou panos azuis para reivindicar respeito aos trabalhadores da saúde.Esta gama de símbolos cruzaram fronteiras até fazer visíveis todas problemáticas. Desta situação,não escapou a festa, tema que também aborda este escrito tratando de decifrar as diversas formasde se defender contra a pandemia produzida pelo vírus covid 19, esta manifestação patrimonial., Los símbolos hacen parte de las manifestaciones sociales y dan cuenta de las complejidades en que están inmersas las comunidades humanas. Este ensayo busca explicar las diversas formas en que colectivos o individuos hicieron público los problemas que afrontaban al inicio del periodo de la cuarentena en Colombia, específicamente en el mes de marzo de 2020. En una especie de juego de colores, colgaron trapos rojos para llamar la atención sobre sus necesidades económicas, trapos negros para denunciar la violencia contra las mujeres o trapos azules para reclamar respeto por los trabajadores de la salud. Esa gama de símbolos cruzó fronteras y les dio visibilidad a todas estas problemáticas. De esta situación no escapó la fiesta, y este escrito trata de descifrar las diversas formas en que esta manifestación patrimonial podría ser defendida frente a la pandemia desencadenada por el coronavirus.

It is inevitable that Structures become older and their intended use changes or the structuralcodes regulations change. In some regions the damage from seismic activities is a possibility.It becomes, therefore crucial to assess the structural capacity of such structures. The purposeof this study is to assess the different methods used for testing and estimating thecharacteristic in-situ compressive strength which is the most vital parameter required instructural assessment. The focus of the study is for existing structures where there is no prior knowledge about theconcrete strength. This study first investigates and evaluates the merits and demerits of thesemethods for investigation of the condition of in-situ compressive strength of concrete inexisting structures. A case study of the Skuru bridge that was built in 1914 was utilized forthis study. The study is based on information of the construction data and some results fromprior investigation performed by the company COWI. Afterwards, non-destructive tests werecarried out with the UPV and Rebound hammer to assess the quality of the concrete. In addition, the study assesses the use of different interpretation methods with regards toreliability and practical application. The results were interpreted in accordance to theEuropean codes, Swedish codes and other interpretation methods. The difference of theresults from the different interpretation methods are compared and evaluated for reliabilityand efficiency. The test results confirmed that the concrete consisted of the same strength class. However,the results from the different interpretation methods are dissimilar. The reason for obtainingdifferent results is because the methods depend on different methodologies. The studyshowed that some methods can sometimes overestimate the results and become unsafe forstructural assessment. On the contrary, the other methods can yield lower but safer estimates. Moreover, the use of small number of cores is evaluated for vario, Samtida befintliga konstruktioner blir äldre och de dimensionerade lasterna ökar med tiden.Ifatt med detta ändras även kraven för större laster. Därför bör regelbundna inspektioner ochförbättringar genomföras. I vissa områden kan det även förekomma seismiska rörelser som isin tur förorsakar skador på strukturer. Av bland annat dessa anledningar är det därför viktigtatt bedöma bärförmågan för befintliga konstruktioner. Syftet med arbetet är att granska demetoder och tillvägagångssätt som finns för att kunna bedöma den karaktäristiskatryckhållfastheten för betong i befintliga konstruktioner. Tryckhållfastheten är den styrandeparametern för materialet under tillståndsbedömningar. Huvudfokuset med arbetet är att bedöma den karaktäristiska tryckhållfastheten för befintligakonstruktioner som saknar information om nuvarande tryckhållfasthet. Till en början utfördesen noggrann litteraturstudie för alla applicerbara metoder. Därefter gjordes en undersökningoch bedömning av för- och nackdelar med vardera metod. Syftet med dessa metoder är attkunna mäta den nuvarande tryckhållfastheten för befintliga konstruktioner. Efter en ingående litteraturstudie, valdes de icke-destruktiva metoderna Ultrasonic pulsevelocity och Schmidt Hammer. Dessa metoder applicerades senare på Skuru bron i syfte attutföra icke-destruktiva tester för att bedöma betongens kvalitet. Tidigarekonstruktionshandlingar samt provtagningsrapporter från Skurubron som byggdes år 1914,har legat till grund för detta arbete. Företaget COWI är ansvariga för Skurubron projektet ochhar tillhandahållit all information om bron. Vidare, redovisar detta arbete olika beräkningssätt för samtliga metoder utifrån olikastandarder och tolkningsmetoder. För varje tolkningsmetod har evalueringar och analyserutförts med avseende på tillförlitlighet och praktisk tillämpning. De redovisadeberäkningssätten har använts för att räkna fram resultat från destruktiva och icke-destruktivatester. Resultaten tolkades i enlighet med europeiska

Структура i обсяг роботи: магістерська дисертація викладена на 128 cторiнкаx, складається зі вступу, 3 розділів, висновку, містить 20 рисунків, 4 таблиці, 13 формул, список використаних джерел із 33 найменувань на 5 cторiнкаx. Актуальність роботи. Станом на сьогодні спостерігається поява все більшої кількості комп’ютерних систем які мають гетерогенну структуру, засновану на використанні центрального процесора та акселераторів з відмінною від нього архітектурою. В той же час, для достатнього рівня швидкодії складних програмних комплексів стає не достатньо застосування лише паралельних систем, стандартною практикою для високонавантажених обчислень стає їх розгортка в розподілених комп’ютерних системах, для яких паралельні системи є лише складовими елементами. Для всіх розподілених систем одним з ключових факторів, що визначають ефективність роботи системи, є вміле балансування навантаження на всіх рівнях цієї системи. Вирішенню цієї NP-повної задачі наразі присвячено цілий розділ комп’ютерних наук, але вона досі лишається актуальною проблемою, оскільки абсолютно ідеального рішення за прийнятний час в ній знайти наразі не можливо. А в випадку, коли кінцеві вузли розподіленої системи являють собою гетерогенні комп’ютерні системи, то задача ускладняється ще більше, оскільки необхідно провести балансування обчислень між різнорідними елементами із зазвичай значно відмінними між собою характеристиками продуктивності та комунікабельності. Наразі існує великий набір стандартних методів балансування навантаження в розподілених системах, але більшість із них орієнтовані на конкретний тип задач, лише невелика кількість не прив’язані до конкретних задач. сучасні засоби організації паралельних обчислень в розподілених комп’ютерних системах з акселераторами приймають низький рівень абстракції, що веде до рядку складнощів та обмежень. Вбудовані в них методи балансування навантаження орієнтовані на гомогенні і здебільшого повнозв’язні системи. Мета роботи: підвищення ефективності про, Structure and scope of master's thesis: Master's thesis is presented on 128 pages, consists of introduction, 3 sections, conclusion, contains 20 drawings, 4 tables, 13 formulas, a bibliography of 33 titles on 5 pages. Relevance of work. Today, an increasing number of computer systems have a heterogeneous structure based on the use of central processing unit and accelerators with a different architecture. At the same time, it is not enough to use only parallel systems for a sufficient level of performance of complex software systems; it is standard practice for high-load computations to deploy them in distributed computer systems, in which parallel systems are only constituent elements. For all distributed systems, one of the key characteristics of the system performance is the ability to balance workloads at all levels of the system. A whole section of computer science is currently devoted to solving NP-complete problem, but it still remains an actual problem, since it is not possible to find the perfect solution in an acceptable time for now. And if the end nodes of a distributed system are heterogeneous computer systems, the task becomes even more complicated as it is necessary to balance the computations between heterogeneous elements with typically significantly different performance and communication characteristics. Currently, there is a large set of standard load balancing methods in distributed systems, but most of them are focused on specific types of tasks, and only a small number are not tied to them. Modern parallel computing tools in distributed computer systems with accelerators accept a low level of abstraction, leading to a number of difficulties and limitations. The load balancing techniques built into them are oriented on homogeneous and fully connected systems. Purpose of work: increasing the efficiency of parallel computing in distributed heterogeneous computer systems by optimally distributing and balancing the load on its elements. Research tas

In the current study we demonstrate an application of four previously synthesized 1,7-diphenyl-substituted BODIPY species for inverted photovoltaic cells and for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Depending on the type of substituents or annulation of the pyridone rings these dyes exhibit spectral properties in the full visible region up to the near-infrared wavelengths. All the studied compounds show very strong visible absorption that can be ascribed to the low lying LUMO levels making them electronically suitable as acceptors for many donor materials. The best fabricated inverted photovoltaic device based on the BODYPI-core derivatives demonstrates a power conversion efficiency equal to 1.36% which is close to previously published reports for related species. Two kinds of deep red OLEDs (doped and undoped) with narrow electroluminescence spectra (full width at half maximum up to 45 nm) have been fabricated. Maximum brightness of 3900 cd m−2 and an external quantum efficiency by 2.3% were achieved for the best OLED structure., QC 20200401

Data exchange heavily relies on the notion of incomplete database instances. Several semantics for such instances have been proposed and include open (OWA), closed (CWA), and open-closed (OCWA) world. For all these semantics important questions are: whether one incomplete instance semantically implies another; when two are semantically equivalent; and whether a smaller or smallest semantically equivalent instance exists. For OWA and CWA these questions are fully answered. For several variants of OCWA, however, they remain open. In this work we adress these questions for Closed Powerset semantics and the OCWA semantics of [Leonid Libkin and Cristina Sirangelo, 2011]. We define a new OCWA semantics, called OCWA*, in terms of homomorphic covers that subsumes both semantics, and characterize semantic implication and equivalence in terms of such covers. This characterization yields a guess-and-check algorithm to decide equivalence, and shows that the problem is NP-complete. For the minimization problem we show that for several common notions of minimality there is in general no unique minimal equivalent instance for Closed Powerset semantics, and consequently not for the more expressive OCWA* either. However, for Closed Powerset semantics we show that one can find, for any incomplete database, a unique finite set of its subinstances which are subinstances (up to renaming of nulls) of all instances semantically equivalent to the original incomplete one. We study properties of this set, and extend the analysis to OCWA*.

La visión artificial es un campo que se ha integrado a la industria actual en diversos procesos de inspección de objetos. A través de la utilización de diversas técnicas de procesamiento y sobre todo nuevos componentes (Sensores, Frame grabber), su rendimiento y eficiencia pueden mejorar dependiendo de la aplicación. Perú es un país donde la agricultura constituye un importante porcentaje de su PBI, y la exportación de diversos productos al extranjero, generan el mejor beneficio a sus productores. Sin embargo, es necesario que estos productos alcancen diversos estándares internacionales para garantizar su aceptación en otros mercados. La inspección de sus características físicas y la cantidad de productos a revisar, requieren de sistemas automatizados de clasificación. Entre los sistemas más comunes están aquellos que utilizan cámaras de escaneo por área, sin embargo, también existen sensores lineales que son utilizados para inspecciones a alta velocidad. La presente investigación plantea el diseño y la implementación de un módulo de visión artificial utilizando una cámara de escaneo lineal para la inspección de etiquetas, integrando el control en paralelo mediante la programación en cores de sistemas de posición, iluminación y captura de frames. Para así aplicar algoritmos de procesamiento de imágenes con el software MATLAB y realizar una correcta clasificación. El contenido de la tesis consta de cinco capítulos que desarrollan: El capítulo I Marco Metodológico presenta la introducción y descripción del problema a analizar. Luego plantea los objetivos que se desean alcanzar con la investigación y formula la hipótesis. Finalmente, se realiza la justificación técnica, económica y social, que concluye con los alcances que tendrá el trabajo. El capítulo II Marco Teórico desarrolla todo el fundamento teórico, que abarca primero la representación, procesamiento y operaciones de imágenes. Luego desarrolla una base teórica del funcionamiento y aplicación de los diversos co

La visión artificial es un campo que se ha integrado a la industria actual en diversos procesos de inspección de objetos. A través de la utilización de diversas técnicas de procesamiento y sobre todo nuevos componentes (Sensores, Frame grabber), su rendimiento y eficiencia pueden mejorar dependiendo de la aplicación. Perú es un país donde la agricultura constituye un importante porcentaje de su PBI, y la exportación de diversos productos al extranjero, generan el mejor beneficio a sus productores. Sin embargo, es necesario que estos productos alcancen diversos estándares internacionales para garantizar su aceptación en otros mercados. La inspección de sus características físicas y la cantidad de productos a revisar, requieren de sistemas automatizados de clasificación. Entre los sistemas más comunes están aquellos que utilizan cámaras de escaneo por área, sin embargo, también existen sensores lineales que son utilizados para inspecciones a alta velocidad. La presente investigación plantea el diseño y la implementación de un módulo de visión artificial utilizando una cámara de escaneo lineal para la inspección de etiquetas, integrando el control en paralelo mediante la programación en cores de sistemas de posición, iluminación y captura de frames. Para así aplicar algoritmos de procesamiento de imágenes con el software MATLAB y realizar una correcta clasificación. El contenido de la tesis consta de cinco capítulos que desarrollan: El capítulo I Marco Metodológico presenta la introducción y descripción del problema a analizar. Luego plantea los objetivos que se desean alcanzar con la investigación y formula la hipótesis. Finalmente, se realiza la justificación técnica, económica y social, que concluye con los alcances que tendrá el trabajo. El capítulo II Marco Teórico desarrolla todo el fundamento teórico, que abarca primero la representación, procesamiento y operaciones de imágenes. Luego desarrolla una base teórica del funcionamiento y aplicación de los diversos co

Sincelejo is painted in colours is a creative, sustainable and innovative bet of the Architectural Consultory of the Caribbean University Corporation (CECAR), in which university students, teachers and people from the community carry out interventions to transform the locative conditions of some establishments and public spaces of the city. The article presents the intervention carried out in the Industrial Technical Educational Institution, headquarters El Pinar in Sincelejo (department of Sucre), in which, through the use of coloured paint and recyclable materials, the aim was to improve the quality of life and locative environmental condition in the educational community., Sincelejo se pinta de colores es una apuesta creativa, sustentables e innovadora del Consultorio Arquitectónico de la Corporación Universitaria del Caribe (CECAR), en el que estudiantes universitarios, docentes y personas de la comunidad realiza intervenciones para transformar las condiciones locativas de algunos establecimientos y espacios públicos de la ciudad de Sincelejo (departamento de Sucre). El artículo presenta la intervención ejecutada en la Institución Educativa Técnico Industrial, sede El Pinar, en la cual, por medio del uso de pintura de colores y materiales reciclables se buscó mejorar la calidad de vida y las condiciones ambientales locativas de la comunidad educativa., Sincelejo se peintes en couleurs c’est un pari créatif, durable et novateur, du le Bureau d ́Architecture de la Corporation Universitaire des Caraïbes (CECAR), dans lequel des étudiants universitaires, des enseignantes et des personnes de la communauté effectuent des interventions pour transformer les conditions locatives de certains établissements et espaces publics de la ville de Sincelejo (département de Sucre). L’article présente l’interventionréalisée à l’Institut d ́Enseignement Technique Industriel, siège El Pinar, dans laquelle, grâceà l’utilisation de peintures colorées et de matériaux recyclables, l’objectif était d’améliorerla qualité de vie et les conditions environnementales locales dans la communauté scolaire., Sincelejo é pintado em cores é uma aposta criativa, sustentável e inovadora do Escritório de Arquitetura da Corporação Universitária do Caribe (CECAR), em que estudantes universitários, professores e pessoas da comunidade fazem intervenções para transformar as condições locativas de alguns estabelecimentos e espaços da cidade de Sincelejo (departamento de Sucre). O artigo apresenta a intervenção realizada na Instituição Industrial de Ensino Técnico, sede de El Pinar, na qual, através do uso de tinta colorida e materiais recicláveis, buscou-se melhorar a qualidade de vida e as condições locativas do meio ambiente da comunidade educativa.

Sincelejo is painted in colours is a creative, sustainable and innovative bet of the Architectural Consultory of the Caribbean University Corporation (CECAR), in which university students, teachers and people from the community carry out interventions to transform the locative conditions of some establishments and public spaces of the city. The article presents the intervention carried out in the Industrial Technical Educational Institution, headquarters El Pinar in Sincelejo (department of Sucre), in which, through the use of coloured paint and recyclable materials, the aim was to improve the quality of life and locative environmental condition in the educational community., Sincelejo se pinta de colores es una apuesta creativa, sustentables e innovadora del Consultorio Arquitectónico de la Corporación Universitaria del Caribe (CECAR), en el que estudiantes universitarios, docentes y personas de la comunidad realiza intervenciones para transformar las condiciones locativas de algunos establecimientos y espacios públicos de la ciudad de Sincelejo (departamento de Sucre). El artículo presenta la intervención ejecutada en la Institución Educativa Técnico Industrial, sede El Pinar, en la cual, por medio del uso de pintura de colores y materiales reciclables se buscó mejorar la calidad de vida y las condiciones ambientales locativas de la comunidad educativa., Sincelejo se peintes en couleurs c’est un pari créatif, durable et novateur, du le Bureau d ́Architecture de la Corporation Universitaire des Caraïbes (CECAR), dans lequel des étudiants universitaires, des enseignantes et des personnes de la communauté effectuent des interventions pour transformer les conditions locatives de certains établissements et espaces publics de la ville de Sincelejo (département de Sucre). L’article présente l’interventionréalisée à l’Institut d ́Enseignement Technique Industriel, siège El Pinar, dans laquelle, grâceà l’utilisation de peintures colorées et de matériaux recyclables, l’objectif était d’améliorerla qualité de vie et les conditions environnementales locales dans la communauté scolaire., Sincelejo é pintado em cores é uma aposta criativa, sustentável e inovadora do Escritório de Arquitetura da Corporação Universitária do Caribe (CECAR), em que estudantes universitários, professores e pessoas da comunidade fazem intervenções para transformar as condições locativas de alguns estabelecimentos e espaços da cidade de Sincelejo (departamento de Sucre). O artigo apresenta a intervenção realizada na Instituição Industrial de Ensino Técnico, sede de El Pinar, na qual, através do uso de tinta colorida e materiais recicláveis, buscou-se melhorar a qualidade de vida e as condições locativas do meio ambiente da comunidade educativa.

La visión artificial es un campo que se ha integrado a la industria actual en diversos procesos de inspección de objetos. A través de la utilización de diversas técnicas de procesamiento y sobre todo nuevos componentes (Sensores, Frame grabber), su rendimiento y eficiencia pueden mejorar dependiendo de la aplicación. Perú es un país donde la agricultura constituye un importante porcentaje de su PBI, y la exportación de diversos productos al extranjero, generan el mejor beneficio a sus productores. Sin embargo, es necesario que estos productos alcancen diversos estándares internacionales para garantizar su aceptación en otros mercados. La inspección de sus características físicas y la cantidad de productos a revisar, requieren de sistemas automatizados de clasificación. Entre los sistemas más comunes están aquellos que utilizan cámaras de escaneo por área, sin embargo, también existen sensores lineales que son utilizados para inspecciones a alta velocidad. La presente investigación plantea el diseño y la implementación de un módulo de visión artificial utilizando una cámara de escaneo lineal para la inspección de etiquetas, integrando el control en paralelo mediante la programación en cores de sistemas de posición, iluminación y captura de frames. Para así aplicar algoritmos de procesamiento de imágenes con el software MATLAB y realizar una correcta clasificación. El contenido de la tesis consta de cinco capítulos que desarrollan: El capítulo I Marco Metodológico presenta la introducción y descripción del problema a analizar. Luego plantea los objetivos que se desean alcanzar con la investigación y formula la hipótesis. Finalmente, se realiza la justificación técnica, económica y social, que concluye con los alcances que tendrá el trabajo. El capítulo II Marco Teórico desarrolla todo el fundamento teórico, que abarca primero la representación, procesamiento y operaciones de imágenes. Luego desarrolla una base teórica del funcionamiento y aplicación de los diversos co

Sincelejo is painted in colours is a creative, sustainable and innovative bet of the Architectural Consultory of the Caribbean University Corporation (CECAR), in which university students, teachers and people from the community carry out interventions to transform the locative conditions of some establishments and public spaces of the city. The article presents the intervention carried out in the Industrial Technical Educational Institution, headquarters El Pinar in Sincelejo (department of Sucre), in which, through the use of coloured paint and recyclable materials, the aim was to improve the quality of life and locative environmental condition in the educational community., Sincelejo se peintes en couleurs c’est un pari créatif, durable et novateur, du le Bureau d ́Architecture de la Corporation Universitaire des Caraïbes (CECAR), dans lequel des étudiants universitaires, des enseignantes et des personnes de la communauté effectuent des interventions pour transformer les conditions locatives de certains établissements et espaces publics de la ville de Sincelejo (département de Sucre). L’article présente l’interventionréalisée à l’Institut d ́Enseignement Technique Industriel, siège El Pinar, dans laquelle, grâceà l’utilisation de peintures colorées et de matériaux recyclables, l’objectif était d’améliorerla qualité de vie et les conditions environnementales locales dans la communauté scolaire., Sincelejo é pintado em cores é uma aposta criativa, sustentável e inovadora do Escritório de Arquitetura da Corporação Universitária do Caribe (CECAR), em que estudantes universitários, professores e pessoas da comunidade fazem intervenções para transformar as condições locativas de alguns estabelecimentos e espaços da cidade de Sincelejo (departamento de Sucre). O artigo apresenta a intervenção realizada na Instituição Industrial de Ensino Técnico, sede de El Pinar, na qual, através do uso de tinta colorida e materiais recicláveis, buscou-se melhorar a qualidade de vida e as condições locativas do meio ambiente da comunidade educativa., Sincelejo se pinta de colores es una apuesta creativa, sustentables e innovadora del Consultorio Arquitectónico de la Corporación Universitaria del Caribe (CECAR), en el que estudiantes universitarios, docentes y personas de la comunidad realiza intervenciones para transformar las condiciones locativas de algunos establecimientos y espacios públicos de la ciudad de Sincelejo (departamento de Sucre). El artículo presenta la intervención ejecutada en la Institución Educativa Técnico Industrial, sede El Pinar, en la cual, por medio del uso de pintura de colores y materiales reciclables se buscó mejorar la calidad de vida y las condiciones ambientales locativas de la comunidad educativa.

The remote Kimberley coast of north-western Australia is one of the few marine environments domains on earth largely unaffected by human use. However, the region is undergoing increasing economic importance as a destination for tourism and significant coastal developments associated with oil and gas exploration. The objective of the project was to reconstruct a timeline of inferred water quality changes from the sediment record for a selected set of sites in the Kimberley, Western Australia. The project made use of palaeoecological approaches to reconstruct a chronology of change over the last approximately 100 years using a series of biogeochemical proxies for phytoplankton composition and biomass, temperature and terrestrial influences. Where possible these were matched to historical land/water use, meteorological or hydrological observational records. The project examined sediment cores from three coastal locations, Koolama Bay (King George River), Cygnet Bay and Roebuck Bay. Each sampling location provided a contrast with which to evaluate changes over either a spatial or temporal gradient of human or natural influence. Sediment cores (up to 1.5 m) were obtained from each of these locations in the expectation that they would provide a time series for about the last 100 years. A set of parameters was measured along the core length (every 1-2 cm) for some or all cores depending on the particular focus for the location: 210Pb and 137Cs; 15N isotope; 13C isotope; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Sedimentation rate and grain size; Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Total Nitrogen (TN); Biosilicate; Biomarkers; TEX86; long chain n-alkanes (C27+C29+C31); Elemental carbon (or black carbon). Rainfall data was obtained from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology website (www.bom.gov.au). Stream flow data was obtained from the Western Australian Department of Water website (www.water.wa.gov.au). Historical bushfire data was obtained from the Western Australian Department of Parks and Wild

Sincelejo is painted in colours is a creative, sustainable and innovative bet of the Architectural Consultory of the Caribbean University Corporation (CECAR), in which university students, teachers and people from the community carry out interventions to transform the locative conditions of some establishments and public spaces of the city. The article presents the intervention carried out in the Industrial Technical Educational Institution, headquarters El Pinar in Sincelejo (department of Sucre), in which, through the use of coloured paint and recyclable materials, the aim was to improve the quality of life and locative environmental condition in the educational community., Sincelejo se pinta de colores es una apuesta creativa, sustentables e innovadora del Consultorio Arquitectónico de la Corporación Universitaria del Caribe (CECAR), en el que estudiantes universitarios, docentes y personas de la comunidad realiza intervenciones para transformar las condiciones locativas de algunos establecimientos y espacios públicos de la ciudad de Sincelejo (departamento de Sucre). El artículo presenta la intervención ejecutada en la Institución Educativa Técnico Industrial, sede El Pinar, en la cual, por medio del uso de pintura de colores y materiales reciclables se buscó mejorar la calidad de vida y las condiciones ambientales locativas de la comunidad educativa., Sincelejo se peintes en couleurs c’est un pari créatif, durable et novateur, du le Bureau d ́Architecture de la Corporation Universitaire des Caraïbes (CECAR), dans lequel des étudiants universitaires, des enseignantes et des personnes de la communauté effectuent des interventions pour transformer les conditions locatives de certains établissements et espaces publics de la ville de Sincelejo (département de Sucre). L’article présente l’interventionréalisée à l’Institut d ́Enseignement Technique Industriel, siège El Pinar, dans laquelle, grâceà l’utilisation de peintures colorées et de matériaux recyclables, l’objectif était d’améliorerla qualité de vie et les conditions environnementales locales dans la communauté scolaire., Sincelejo é pintado em cores é uma aposta criativa, sustentável e inovadora do Escritório de Arquitetura da Corporação Universitária do Caribe (CECAR), em que estudantes universitários, professores e pessoas da comunidade fazem intervenções para transformar as condições locativas de alguns estabelecimentos e espaços da cidade de Sincelejo (departamento de Sucre). O artigo apresenta a intervenção realizada na Instituição Industrial de Ensino Técnico, sede de El Pinar, na qual, através do uso de tinta colorida e materiais recicláveis, buscou-se melhorar a qualidade de vida e as condições locativas do meio ambiente da comunidade educativa.

Sincelejo is painted in colours is a creative, sustainable and innovative bet of the Architectural Consultory of the Caribbean University Corporation (CECAR), in which university students, teachers and people from the community carry out interventions to transform the locative conditions of some establishments and public spaces of the city. The article presents the intervention carried out in the Industrial Technical Educational Institution, headquarters El Pinar in Sincelejo (department of Sucre), in which, through the use of coloured paint and recyclable materials, the aim was to improve the quality of life and locative environmental condition in the educational community., Sincelejo se peintes en couleurs c’est un pari créatif, durable et novateur, du le Bureau d ́Architecture de la Corporation Universitaire des Caraïbes (CECAR), dans lequel des étudiants universitaires, des enseignantes et des personnes de la communauté effectuent des interventions pour transformer les conditions locatives de certains établissements et espaces publics de la ville de Sincelejo (département de Sucre). L’article présente l’interventionréalisée à l’Institut d ́Enseignement Technique Industriel, siège El Pinar, dans laquelle, grâceà l’utilisation de peintures colorées et de matériaux recyclables, l’objectif était d’améliorerla qualité de vie et les conditions environnementales locales dans la communauté scolaire., Sincelejo é pintado em cores é uma aposta criativa, sustentável e inovadora do Escritório de Arquitetura da Corporação Universitária do Caribe (CECAR), em que estudantes universitários, professores e pessoas da comunidade fazem intervenções para transformar as condições locativas de alguns estabelecimentos e espaços da cidade de Sincelejo (departamento de Sucre). O artigo apresenta a intervenção realizada na Instituição Industrial de Ensino Técnico, sede de El Pinar, na qual, através do uso de tinta colorida e materiais recicláveis, buscou-se melhorar a qualidade de vida e as condições locativas do meio ambiente da comunidade educativa., Sincelejo se pinta de colores es una apuesta creativa, sustentables e innovadora del Consultorio Arquitectónico de la Corporación Universitaria del Caribe (CECAR), en el que estudiantes universitarios, docentes y personas de la comunidad realiza intervenciones para transformar las condiciones locativas de algunos establecimientos y espacios públicos de la ciudad de Sincelejo (departamento de Sucre). El artículo presenta la intervención ejecutada en la Institución Educativa Técnico Industrial, sede El Pinar, en la cual, por medio del uso de pintura de colores y materiales reciclables se buscó mejorar la calidad de vida y las condiciones ambientales locativas de la comunidad educativa.

The remote Kimberley coast of north-western Australia is one of the few marine environments domains on earth largely unaffected by human use. However, the region is undergoing increasing economic importance as a destination for tourism and significant coastal developments associated with oil and gas exploration. The objective of the project was to reconstruct a timeline of inferred water quality changes from the sediment record for a selected set of sites in the Kimberley, Western Australia. The project made use of palaeoecological approaches to reconstruct a chronology of change over the last approximately 100 years using a series of biogeochemical proxies for phytoplankton composition and biomass, temperature and terrestrial influences. Where possible these were matched to historical land/water use, meteorological or hydrological observational records. The project examined sediment cores from three coastal locations, Koolama Bay (King George River), Cygnet Bay and Roebuck Bay. Each sampling location provided a contrast with which to evaluate changes over either a spatial or temporal gradient of human or natural influence. Sediment cores (up to 1.5 m) were obtained from each of these locations in the expectation that they would provide a time series for about the last 100 years. A set of parameters was measured along the core length (every 1-2 cm) for some or all cores depending on the particular focus for the location: 210Pb and 137Cs; 15N isotope; 13C isotope; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Sedimentation rate and grain size; Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Total Nitrogen (TN); Biosilicate; Biomarkers; TEX86; long chain n-alkanes (C27+C29+C31); Elemental carbon (or black carbon). Rainfall data was obtained from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology website (www.bom.gov.au). Stream flow data was obtained from the Western Australian Department of Water website (www.water.wa.gov.au). Historical bushfire data was obtained from the Western Australian Department of Parks and Wild

[EN] The formation of secondary copper deposits, the source of more than half of the world's production, is usually interpreted as abiogenic. In this study of the Las Cruces deposit (southwestern Spain), in situ hybridization and scanning electron microscopy analysis together with integrated genomic and bioinformatic studies on cultures provide compelling evidence that a microbial community controls the current formation of the secondary copper mineralization. The cementation zone of this deposit contains abundant microbial life dominated by sulfate-reducing bacteria that coexist with methanogens and with other prokaryotes having unknown roles. Fractures in the primary massive sulfides are coated by extracellular polymeric substances in which the microbial cells are embedded. Covellite crystals have nucleated within these microbial aggregates, accreting and forming large crystals attached to the vein walls. These results strongly suggest that in situ microbial sulfate reduction can control the formation of secondary copper deposits. Equivalent processes could be widespread in similar deposits elsewhere, but they are probably overlooked due to the presumed low capability for fossilization of the microbes.

© 2019, The Author(s). The production of hydrogen through water splitting using earth-abundant metal catalysts is a promising pathway for converting solar energy into chemical fuels. However, existing approaches for fine stoichiometric control, structural and catalytic modification of materials by appropriate choice of earth abundant elements are either limited or challenging. Here we explore the tuning of redox active immobilised molecular metal-chalcoxide electrocatalysts by controlling the chalcogen or metal stoichiometry and explore critical aspects of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) shows that stoichiometric and structural control leads to the evolution of hydrogen at low overpotential with no catalyst degradation over 1000 cycles. Density functional calculations reveal the effect of the electronic and structural features and confer plausibility to the existence of a unimolecular mechanism in the HER process based on the tested hypotheses. We anticipate these findings to be a starting point for further exploration of molecular catalytic systems.

The main objectives of this study were to determine the susceptibility to suffusion of widely graded, non-plastic glacial till; to identify potential factors influencing susceptibility; and conversely, to determine grading characteristics that potentially eliminate suffusion susceptibility. A laboratory experimental program was performed on 12 non-plastic glacial till specimens. Four were natural glacial tills sourced from the cores of four existing embankment dams in Sweden, and the remaining eight were mixtures based on these tills with adjusted particle size distributions to obtain target gradations. Four specimens failed by suffusion. By comparing against stable specimens, these were characterized by fines content <20 %, sand fraction <25 %, and finer fraction <30 %. Conversely, gradations with higher fines content (> 25 %), which in this study corresponds to finer fraction >35 %, may provide additional limits to suffusion susceptibility of this kind of soil., Validerad;2017;Nivå 2;2017-06-08 (rokbeg)

The main objectives of this study were to determine the susceptibility to suffusion of widely graded, non-plastic glacial till; to identify potential factors influencing susceptibility; and conversely, to determine grading characteristics that potentially eliminate suffusion susceptibility. A laboratory experimental program was performed on 12 non-plastic glacial till specimens. Four were natural glacial tills sourced from the cores of four existing embankment dams in Sweden, and the remaining eight were mixtures based on these tills with adjusted particle size distributions to obtain target gradations. Four specimens failed by suffusion. By comparing against stable specimens, these were characterized by fines content <20 %, sand fraction <25 %, and finer fraction <30 %. Conversely, gradations with higher fines content (> 25 %), which in this study corresponds to finer fraction >35 %, may provide additional limits to suffusion susceptibility of this kind of soil., Validerad;2017;Nivå 2;2017-06-08 (rokbeg)

The Kimberley Marine Research Project 2.2.9 made use of a suite of palaeoecological approaches to reconstruct a chronology of change in coastal water quality over the last approximately 100 years. The biogeochemical proxies addressed phytoplankton composition and biomass, temperature and terrestrial influences. Where possible these were matched to historical land/water use, meteorological or hydrological observational records. The project examined sediment cores from three coastal locations in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia, Koolama Bay (King George River), Cygnet Bay and Roebuck Bay. Each sampling location provided a contrast with which to evaluate changes over either a spatial or temporal gradient of human or natural influences.

This project made use of a suite of palaeoecological approaches to reconstruct a chronology of change in coastal water quality over the last approximately 100 years. The biogeochemical proxies addressed phytoplankton composition and biomass, temperature and terrestrial influences. Where possible these were matched to historical land/water use, meteorological or hydrological observational records. The project examined sediment cores from three coastal locations in the Kimberley region, Koolama Bay (King George River), Cygnet Bay and Roebuck Bay. Each sampling location provided a contrast with which to evaluate changes over either a spatial or temporal gradient of human or natural influences. Aims Reconstruct a timeline of inferred water quality changes from the sediment record for a selected set of sites in the Kimberley. Use the results to determine the level of variability and change in water quality over the last 100 years and provide a baseline against which future changes can be assessed. Methods Sediment cores to 1.5 metres were collected from three sites. Cores were tested for a set of parameters ever 1-2 cm, incling 210 Pb, 15N, 13C, C/N ratio, sedimentation rate, grain size, total organic carbon and nitrogen, phytoplankton biomass and type (diatom skeletons and dinoflagellate cysts and biochemical markers (brassicasterol and dinosterol). Outcomes An understanding of the historical and baseline environmental conditions ahead of these impacts. Established baseline and historical water quality in the Kimberley information ahead of major local impacts and will help enable interpretation of the changes that may have occurred in recent years from climate change.

Device failure from diffusion short circuits in microelectronic components occurs via thermally induced migration of atoms along high-diffusivity paths: dislocations, grain boundaries, and free surfaces. Even well-annealed single-grain metallic films contain dislocation densities of about 1014 m-2; hence dislocation-pipe diffusion (DPD) becomes a major contribution at working temperatures. While its theoretical concept was established already in the 1950s and its contribution is commonly measured using indirect tracer, spectroscopy, or electrical methods, no direct observation of DPD at the atomic level has been reported. We present atomically-resolved electron microscopy images of the onset and progression of diffusion along threading dislocations in sequentially annealed nitride metal/semiconductor superlattices, and show that this type of diffusion can be independent of concentration gradients in the system but governed by the reduction of strain fields in the lattice.

Este artigo visa levar ao conhecimento público como a legibilidade constitui uma importante ferramenta para a compreensão de conteúdo na Internet. O legível é uma parte importante da construção textual e os atuais veículos de comunicação necessitam adequar sua produção para os novos tipos de leitores, sejam eles de blogs, vlogs, redes sociais digitais, entre outros. A concepção de texto que existia não se aplica ao atual panorama tecnológico existente. Os textos impressos estão gradativamente sofrendo uma mutação, ou seja, passando do estado estático para o modo dinâmico possibilitando uma interação entre o leitor e o meio de comunicação jamais vista antes. E sem a promoção de uma leitura clara e objetiva não poderá ocorrer a imersão do internauta no universo das cores, imagens, vídeos e palavras. O trabalho explora as possibilidades que poderão permitir o acesso a um novo nível de leitura de conteúdo.

Este artigo visa levar ao conhecimento público como a legibilidade constitui uma importante ferramenta para a compreensão de conteúdo na Internet. O legível é uma parte importante da construção textual e os atuais veículos de comunicação necessitam adequar sua produção para os novos tipos de leitores, sejam eles de blogs, vlogs, redes sociais digitais, entre outros. A concepção de texto que existia não se aplica ao atual panorama tecnológico existente. Os textos impressos estão gradativamente sofrendo uma mutação, ou seja, passando do estado estático para o modo dinâmico possibilitando uma interação entre o leitor e o meio de comunicação jamais vista antes. E sem a promoção de uma leitura clara e objetiva não poderá ocorrer a imersão do internauta no universo das cores, imagens, vídeos e palavras. O trabalho explora as possibilidades que poderão permitir o acesso a um novo nível de leitura de conteúdo.

Tema disertacije je izrada opšteprimenljivog sistema za obradu artefakata od okresanog kamena po kome se mogu obrađivati nalazi koji imaju istu, ili drugačiju tehnolušku tradiciju i hronološku pripadnost. Sa ujednačenim načinom obrade daje se osnova za uspešno poređenje sadržaja nalaza sa većeg broja lokaliteta, kako onih koji pripadaju istoj kulturnoj grupi, tako i onih koji potiču iz različitih kultura. Istim pristupom obradi dobija se bolja osnova za sagledavanje tehnoloških uticaja arheoloških kultura koje istovremeno traju, ili onih koje neposredno slede u prelaznim periodima. Primenom ovoga sistema može se izgraditi arhiv podataka za lokalitete iz jednog regiona, što daje široke mogućnosti za praćenje sadržaja na većem broju istraživačkih nivoa. Za obradu nalaza različitih tehnoloških tradicija neophodno je uneti veliki broj atributa. Ali, brojnost atributa sama po sebi ne bi mogla izgraditi opšteprimenljiv sistem. Osnovni uslov za to je razvrstavanje atributa po grupama sa jasno određenim sadržajem. Upravo je mešanje atributa, što je čest slučaj u poznatim klasifikacijama, ono što onemugućava izgradnju opšteprimenljivog sistema obrade. Ako su atributi jasno razdvojeni po grupama, uspešnije je poređenje pojedinačne vrste atributa za nalaze iz većeg broja skupina sa lokaliteta iste ili različite kulturne grupe. Raznovrsnost i brojnost atributa omogućava da se detaljnije prikaže operativni lanac izrade alatki. Prikupljanje podataka je organizovano u pet nivoa. Prvi nivo je kontekst nalaza koji pored stratigrafske i prostorne pozicije artefakta obuhvata i podatke o očuvanosti stratigrafskih slojeva, arheološkim celinama i o orijentaciji artefakata. Drigi nivo se odnosi na tehnološke, morfološke, metričke podatke odbitaka i svojstva sirovine za neretuširane i retuširane artefakte. Unešene su 22 grupe atributa koje su dalje podeljene na uže celine. Treći nivo su podaci o atributima retuša svrstani u 10 grupa atributa. Četvrti nivo je obrada morfološke tipologije re, Dissertation subject is creation of generally applicable system for the analysis of chipped stone artifacts that could be used to study finds, which have identical or different technological tradition and chronological attribution. Standardized method of the analysis provides the basis for successful comparison of assemblages from many sites, as well as those belonging to the identical cultural group and those originating from different cultures. Identical approach to the analysis offers better basis for comprehension of technological influences of archaeological cultures, which are concurrent or those immediately following in the transition periods. By using this system it is possible to make the data archive for the sites within distinct region, thus offering wide possibilities for observing the contents at larger number of investigation levels. For studying the finds of diverse technological tradition it is necessary to enter large number of attributes. Nevertheless, quantity by itself could not provide generally applicable system. Main condition for that is classification of attributes within groups with clearly determined contents. Actually, mixing of attributes as is the frequent case in known classifications is the element, which makes creation of generally applicable system of analysis impossible. If the attributes are clearly distinguished in groups, comparison of one type of attribute for the finds from larger number of assemblages from sites of identical or different cultural group is more successful. Diversity and quantity of attributes make possible detail presentation of the operational chain of tool production. The data gathering is organized at five levels. First level is the finding context, which includes besides stratigraphic and spatial position of the artifact also information about preservation of stratigraphic layers, archaeological entities and orientation of the artifact. Second level relates to technological, morphological, metric facts of

The aim of this paper is a comparative approach to provisioning strategies in two quarries in the microregion of Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca). The lithic context in two workshops located in Pampa Oeste Zona de Aprovisionamiento y Cantera (POZAC) y Punta de la Peña Zona de Aprovisionamiento y Cantera (PPZAC) is analyzed. According to systematic surveys and technical-morphological analysis of assemblages including cores and debitage, different trends in core exploitation and blank extraction are observed. This variability responds to a variety of decisions taken by individuals or groups of individuals when provisioning themselves of a specific resource, a volcanic rock suitable for stone flaking., Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un abordaje comparativo de las estrategias de aprovisionamiento en dos canteras de la microregión de Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca). Para ello se realiza un análisis del contexto lítico presente en dos áreas de talla localizadas en los sitios Pampa Oeste Zona de Aprovisionamiento y Cantera (POZAC) y Punta de la Peña Zona de Aprovisionamiento y Cantera (PPZAC). A partir de prospecciones sistemáticas y el análisis técnico-morfológico de los conjuntos de núcleos y desechos de talla, se observan tendencias diferentes en la explotación de núcleos y en los requerimientos de extracción de formas-base. Esta variabilidad responde a una diversidad de decisiones desarrolladas por los individuos o grupos de individuos al momento de aprovisionarse de un recurso específico como lo son las rocas de vulcanitas aptas para la talla.

The aim of this paper is a comparative approach to provisioning strategies in two quarries in the microregion of Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca). The lithic context in two workshops located in Pampa Oeste Zona de Aprovisionamiento y Cantera (POZAC) y Punta de la Peña Zona de Aprovisionamiento y Cantera (PPZAC) is analyzed. According to systematic surveys and technical-morphological analysis of assemblages including cores and debitage, different trends in core exploitation and blank extraction are observed. This variability responds to a variety of decisions taken by individuals or groups of individuals when provisioning themselves of a specific resource, a volcanic rock suitable for stone flaking., Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un abordaje comparativo de las estrategias de aprovisionamiento en dos canteras de la microregión de Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca). Para ello se realiza un análisis del contexto lítico presente en dos áreas de talla localizadas en los sitios Pampa Oeste Zona de Aprovisionamiento y Cantera (POZAC) y Punta de la Peña Zona de Aprovisionamiento y Cantera (PPZAC). A partir de prospecciones sistemáticas y el análisis técnico-morfológico de los conjuntos de núcleos y desechos de talla, se observan tendencias diferentes en la explotación de núcleos y en los requerimientos de extracción de formas-base. Esta variabilidad responde a una diversidad de decisiones desarrolladas por los individuos o grupos de individuos al momento de aprovisionarse de un recurso específico como lo son las rocas de vulcanitas aptas para la talla.

Acquisition of cores is important for the success of remanufacturing business, but evaluating the value of cores is difficult due to many uncertain issues in the remanufacturing system. In this paper, we examine the value of cores using the real option valuation (ROV) approach, which well captures the production flexibility and represents different operations options in remanufacturing. First, in a system where the demand of remanufactured products is low, we focus on the uncertainty of price. We compare the cases where disposing cores occurs only at the expiration time and before that. The model also identifies under which circumstances disposing core early brings in more benefit. Furthermore, we study a remanufacturing system where demand and return are both uncertain. In this case, a spread option is used for evaluating the marginal value of obtaining additional cores. This approach also brings the advantage of linking the correlation between demand and return, which in fact is often exhibited in remanufacturing. The numerical experiments indicate that this correlation has an impact on collecting policies. This study illustrates the possibility of using ROV for core pricing modelling, and the study results also provide some managerial insights in managing returned cores.

Herein, we report on the two-absorption crosssection spectrum of trans-Pt(PBu3)2 (C C C6H4 C C C6H5)2 (PE2) platinum acetylide complex employing the femtosecond wavelength-tunable Z-scan technique. The PE2 complex can be visualized as two branches containing two phenylacetylene units, each one linked by a platinum center, completely transparent in the visible region. Because of this structure, large delocalization of -electrons allied to the strong intramolecular interaction between the branches is expected. The 2PA absorption spectrum was measured using the femtosecond wavelength-tunable Z-scan technique with low repetition rate (1 kHz), in order to obtain the 2PA spectrum without excited-state contributions. Our results reveal that PE2 in dichloromethane solution presents two 2PA allowed bands located at 570 and 710 nm, with cross section of about 320 and 45 GM, respectively. The first one is related to the strong intramolecular interaction between the molecule s branches due to the presence of platinum atom, while the second one is associated with the breaking of symmetry of the chromophore in solution due, most probably to a large twisting angle of the ligand s phenyl rings relative to the Pt core.

We study instantaneous two-photon absorption (2PA) in a series of nominally quasi-centrosymmetric trans-bis (tributylphosphine)-bis-(4-((9,9- diethyl-7-ethynyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl) ethynyl)-R)-platinum complexes, where 11 different substituents, R = N(phenyl)2(NPh2), NH2, OCH3, tbutyl, CH3, H, F, CF3, CN, benzothiazole, and NO2, represent a range of electron-donating (ED) and electron-withdrawing (EW) strengths, while the Pt core acts as a weak ED group. We measure the 2PA cross section in the 540 810 nm excitation wavelength range by complementary femtosecond twophoton excited fluorescence (2PEF) and nonlinear transmission (NLT) methods and compare the obtained values to those of the Pt-core chromophore and the corresponding noncentrosymmetric side group (ligand) chromophores. Peak 2PA cross sections of neutral and ED-substituted Pt complexes occur at S0 Sn transitions to higher energy states, above the lowest-energy S0 S1 transition, and the corresponding values increase systematically with increasing ED strength, reaching maximum value, 2 300 GM (1 GM = 10 50 cm4 s), for R = NPh2. At transition energies overlapping with the lowest-energy S0 S1 transition in the one-photon absorption (1PA) spectrum, the same neutral and ED-substituted Pt complexes show weak 2PA, 2 30 100 GM, which is in agreement with the nearly quadrupolar structure of these systems. Surprisingly, EW-substituted Pt complexes display a very different behavior, where the peak 2PA of the S0 S1 transition gradually increases with increasing EW strength, reaching values 2 = 700 GM for R = NO2, while in the S0 Sn transition region the peak 2PEF cross section decreases. We explained this effect by breaking of inversion symmetry due to conformational distortions associated with low energy barrier for ground-state rotation of the ligands., The original document contains color images.

Every 4 years, DOD is required to conduct and report on a comprehensive assessment the Quadrennial Roles and Missions Review of the roles and missions of the armed services and the core competencies and capabilities of DOD to perform and support such roles and missions.19 Specifically, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is to conduct an independent military assessment of the roles and missions of the armed forces, assignment of functions among the armed services, and any recommendations regarding issues that need to be addressed. The Secretary of Defense is then to identify the core mission areas of the armed services; the core competencies and capabilities associated with these mission areas; the DOD component responsible for providing the identified core competency or capability; any gaps in the ability of the component to provide the competency or capability; any unnecessary duplication of competencies or capabilities between components; and a plan for addressing any gaps or unnecessary duplication. The Secretary is then to submit a report on this Quadrennial Roles and Missions Review following the review and not later than the submission of the President s budget for the next fiscal year; however, the statutory reporting requirement does not explicitly require that all required elements of the assessment be reported. The Quadrennial Roles and Missions Review that resulted in the July 2012 submission occurred amid a series of strategy and policy reviews that DOD has undertaken over the past 5 years. Some of these reviews resulted in specific strategy documents, such as the National Security Strategy, National Defense Strategy, National Military Strategy, and National Security Space Strategy. DOD is also required to conduct two reviews on a regular basis that relate to the Quadrennial Roles and Missions Review: the Quadrennial Defense Review and the Biennial Review of DOD Agencies and Field Activities.

We report on discovery of and strategies for designing new complex oxide materials in which two normally contradictory properties coexist, and its publication. In one example, switchable polar character (ferroelectricity) arising from non-centrosymmetric structure is achieved in a narrow-gap material through design and synthesis of cation and oxygen vacancy-driven tuning of band gap without loss of polar character. Shown for a single phase solid solution ferroelectric oxide perovskite (K,Ba),(Ni,Nb)O_(3-delta), this material exhibits a compositionally tunable and direct band gap in the range of 1.1 3.8 eV, with potential for novel nonlinear light-matter applications in addition to high-efficiency photovoltaic solar energy conversion. In a second example we report, with collaborators, on the discovery, synthesis and properties of a completely new family of non-perovskite complex oxide that exhibits ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic order. We report on publication of a new thin film synthesis strategy that enables, through epitaxial stabilization, low-energy and highly scalable growth of single-crystal heteroepitaxial complex oxide thin films featuring low-temperature deposition and a brief annealing under wellcontrolled conditions. Finally, we describe progress in using inelastic light scattering, in conjunction with other techniques, to characterize and quantify oxygen vacancy concentrations, including their effects on structure and electronic phase transitions.

A silica/electro-optic (EO) polymer phase modulator is proposed for millimeter-wave (MMW) radiation receiver with the use of a bowtie antenna. Waveguide design optimization is presented for a waveguide with an EO polymer core and silica/solgel cladding. Electrode effects on the insertion loss and poling efficiency are also analyzed and conditions for low-loss and high poling efficiency established. The bowtie antenna is simulated and shows a broadband response with a maximum at 5GHz and a 3dB-bandwidth of approximately 12GHz. A fiber splicing technique is presented that reduces coupling loss between SMF-28 and the waveguide. Experimental results for a fabricated device with MMW-response between 10-14GHz are shown with carrier to first sideband intensity difference of up to -36dB.

In the three years of this grant, thermal history dependences of the photoluminescence spectrum of several types of core-shell quantum dots (QDs) were studied as well as structural determination on transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These quantum dots (QDs) were studied in a broad temperature range from room temperature to over 500 degrees Celsius. Photoluminescence (PL) of core/shell CdSe/ZnS QDs in different sizes was used as a tool to examine their interfacial mass diffusion processes due to temperature change. The PL of core/shell CdSe/ZnS QDs in size of 5 nm shows strong dependence on their temperature history. The PL signal could be detected after QD samples were heated up to 500 degrees Celsius in a time frame of seconds. The blue-shift of the PL spectra with increasing temperature and heating time provides an optical route to read out the thermal history. A quantitative relationship between peak-shift and heating temperature has been established on CdSe QDs. We showed that the heating history can be read out by the combination of two kinds of quantum dots., The original document contains color images. Prepared in cooperation with University of Houston, Houston, TX.

Conventional fiber lasers offer excellent beam quality and efficiency for high power lasers, but their composition (glass) poses significant disadvantages in pump absorption, gain, and thermal conductivity. All-crystalline fiber lasers, particularly if double-clad, would improve all these properties, greatly facilitating power scaling. Yet, progress in fabricating all-crystalline fibers has been limited thus far. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) in partnership with Onyx Optics studied fully crystalline waveguides fabricated using current bonding techniques, with geometry similar to conventional double-clad fibers. We measured refractive indices to determine the parameters for erbium- or thulium-doped YAG (Y3Al5O12)/YAG/spinel (MgAl2O4) double-clad waveguides with a single-mode core. We also investigated YAG doped with ytterbium as an inner cladding material, as its index can be adjusted to facilitate design of a single-mode core with large area. We characterized the thermal conductivity of nominally polycrystalline samples of each material. We performed laser experiments on both single- and double-clad Er:YAG cores of different sizes, and have obtained world s-first and world-record laser performance. This includes 25-W continuous wave (CW) output due to cladding-pumping of what we believe is the first truly double-clad all-crystalline YAG waveguide laser, and a record room-temperature slope efficiency (with respect to absorbed pump) of nearly 93 % with excellent beam quality from a core-pumped waveguide., The original document contains color images.

This report outlines an approach for helping Soldiers to quickly develop situational awareness in unfamiliar cultural situations. Soldiers in the field engage in a variety of non-combat encounters with culturally different individuals, but it is often impossible to prepare Soldiers in advance for the cultural aspects of these encounters, even within a single country. The successful management of these encounters is, however, usually important for overall mission success. Because culture is essentially transactional, cultural differences appear as participants interact. This report describes the essential features of these interactions, as well as the main types of core cultural orientations that play a large role in how individuals approach such interactions. This report also examines situational awareness and how it can be used by Soldiers to promote successful encounters. A framework is presented that combines the components of a typical encounter with the salient characteristics of a number of cultural orientations. The framework is useful for identifying key elements that are likely to affect interactions, and for helping Soldiers learn quickly about them.

An optical fiber coupler includes a clad optical fiber core having a coupling window formed therein. A laser source is joined to emit light into the core through the coupling window. The core has an output coupler for partially reflecting a portion of light and transmitting a portion as output. A Bragg grating is formed in the core having a pitch and being positioned to reflect light from said laser source toward the output coupler. The pitch is variable in response to a temperature change. A thermal control device is joined to the core for adjusting its temperature and the Bragg grating pitch. In other embodiments a mode convertor is provided to reduce the output modes to selected modes.

The specific aim of this study was to perform gene expression profiling and group comparison analyses of differential gene expression in RNA-stabilized blood samples of the approximately 150 veterans meeting the Factor case definition and Gulf War-era veteran controls. From the banked blood samples collected previously and stored frozen at -80 C in PAXgene tubes from 2 population subsamples of Gulf War veteran cases and controls, we were able to obtain sufficient high quality peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) RNA from 142. Our Genomics Core Laboratory performed Next Generation Transcriptome Sequencing (RNA-Seq), using Illumina s multiplexing mRNA-Seq to generate full sequence libraries from the poly-A tailed RNA to a read depth of 30 million reads. Bioinformatics analyses for replicable differences in the expression levels among the 4 clinical groups were completed with the Dozmorov method to test for multiple comparisons-corrected group differences. In the tests for differentially expressed single target genes, no significant group differences were found, but the second stage using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to test for common regulator genes identified 6 transcription regulators whose downstream target genes differed between syndrome group 2 and controls in the Developmental subsample and the Replication subsample. Most noteworthy was the finding of apparent instability in expression of the STAT3 regulatory oncogene, which, if confirmed, could explain increased rates of brain cancer in Gulf War veterans. Future research for a Gulf War illness diagnostic test should employ methods, such as pharmacologic stimulation and analysis of pure cell types, to reduce high background variability of gene expression in peripheral blood cells., The original document contains color images.