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Carton board packages with different creases have been manufactured and loaded with point loads to see if there is a difference in point load behavior depending on crease. A carton board was creased in four different ways. The differences of the creases were judged according to appearance and residual moment. Three of the four creases showed divergent appearances. The re-sidual moment was as expected lowest for the hardest creased sample and vice versa. The packages with the different creases were loaded with a point load. The registered force - displacement curves were analyzed according to stiffness and collapse load. No statistically significant difference could be seen in the collapse load of the package or in the stiffness measured, indicating that with a standard point load measurement it was hard to distinguish a difference in packaging behavior due to creasing. In future work it might be interesting to further study the average stiffness, since a trend of higher average stiffness for lower matrix channel depth exists in the measurements, however not statistically ensured. One possibility to discern possibly existing differences in the resistance of packaging to point load due to crease differences could be to study the interaction in more detail.

Sontech International AB är ett företag som är specialiserade på ljudabsorbenter i metall och skum. De har tagit fram en ljudabsorbent i kartong med slitsar som går längs arket med ett avstånd på max 5 mm mellan dem. Denna produceras idag med en CNC-maskin och det tar 17 minuter per kvadratmeter att producera absorbenten med 5 mm mellan slitsarna. För att produkten ska vara lönsam behöver produktionstiden ned på en minut per kvadratmeter. Det är ett relativt litet företag med stora kunder och har därför inte tid eller resurser att lägga på att utveckla produktionen av den. Därför har författarna fått i ansvar att som examensarbete inom maskinteknik försöka utveckla och till sist presentera en färdig modell på en maskin för lösningen. Efter skisser, prototyper och val mellan tre färdiga modeller på föll valet på maskinen vid namn Krattan. Krattan drivs med två pneumatiska cylindrar som lyfter upp arket och drar vad som kallas krattan som består av 199 knivar tvärs över det. Produktionstiden uppskattas ha sjunkit till ca 20 sekunder per kvadratmeter kartongark., Sontech International AB is a company that specializes in sound absorbents made of metal and foam. They have a new product that is a sound absorbent made of cardboard with cuts along the sheet of cardboard with a maximum distance between the cuts of 5 mm. This product is made with a CNC-machine and it takes 17 minutes per square meter to produce a sheet with 5 mm between each cut. To make the product viable the production time needs to come down to a minute per square meter. Sontech is are latively small company which is why they have not been able to spare the resources to develop a solution for manufacturing this product. The writers have based their thesis paper in mechanical engineering on developing and presenting a complete model of a machine as a method of production. After many sketches, prototypes and a selection between three different solutions they picked a machine that they refer to as ‘‘The rake’’. ‘’The rake’’ is powered by two pneumatic cylinders. One cylinder lifts the sheet of cardboard and either pushes or pulls ‘’the rake’’ part of the machine that is made of 199 blades. The production time is estimated to be about twenty seconds per square meter of cardboard.

Sontech International AB är ett företag som är specialiserade på ljudabsorbenter i metall och skum. De har tagit fram en ljudabsorbent i kartong med slitsar som går längs arket med ett avstånd på max 5 mm mellan dem. Denna produceras idag med en CNC-maskin och det tar 17 minuter per kvadratmeter att producera absorbenten med 5 mm mellan slitsarna. För att produkten ska vara lönsam behöver produktionstiden ned på en minut per kvadratmeter. Det är ett relativt litet företag med stora kunder och har därför inte tid eller resurser att lägga på att utveckla produktionen av den. Därför har författarna fått i ansvar att som examensarbete inom maskinteknik försöka utveckla och till sist presentera en färdig modell på en maskin för lösningen. Efter skisser, prototyper och val mellan tre färdiga modeller på föll valet på maskinen vid namn Krattan. Krattan drivs med två pneumatiska cylindrar som lyfter upp arket och drar vad som kallas krattan som består av 199 knivar tvärs över det. Produktionstiden uppskattas ha sjunkit till ca 20 sekunder per kvadratmeter kartongark., Sontech International AB is a company that specializes in sound absorbents made of metal and foam. They have a new product that is a sound absorbent made of cardboard with cuts along the sheet of cardboard with a maximum distance between the cuts of 5 mm. This product is made with a CNC-machine and it takes 17 minutes per square meter to produce a sheet with 5 mm between each cut. To make the product viable the production time needs to come down to a minute per square meter. Sontech is are latively small company which is why they have not been able to spare the resources to develop a solution for manufacturing this product. The writers have based their thesis paper in mechanical engineering on developing and presenting a complete model of a machine as a method of production. After many sketches, prototypes and a selection between three different solutions they picked a machine that they refer to as ‘‘The rake’’. ‘’The rake’’ is powered by two pneumatic cylinders. One cylinder lifts the sheet of cardboard and either pushes or pulls ‘’the rake’’ part of the machine that is made of 199 blades. The production time is estimated to be about twenty seconds per square meter of cardboard.

The paper industry is an important sector annually consuming kilotons of nanoforms and non-nanoforms of fillers and pigments. Fillers accelerate the rate of drying (less energy needed) and product cost (increasing the load of low-cost fillers). The plastic industry is another use sector, where coloristic pigments can be in nanoform, and many food containers are made of plastic. Use of paper to wrap both wet and dry food is consumer practice, but not always intended by producers. Here we compare the release behavior of different nano-enabled products (NEPs) by changing a) nanoform (NF) characteristics, b) NF load, c) the nano-enabled product (NEP) matrix, and d) food simulants. The ranking of these factors enables an assessment of food contact by concepts of analogy, specifically via the similarities of the rate and form of release in food during contact. Three types of matrices were used: Paper, plastic ((Polylactic Acid (PLA), Polyamide (PA6), and Polyurethane (PU)), and a paint formulation. Two nanoforms each of SiO2, Fe2O3, Cu-Phthalocyanine were incorporated, additionally to the conventional form of CaCO3 that is always contained in paper to reduce cellulose consumption. Tests were guided by the European Regulation EC 1935/2004 and EU 10/2011. No evidence of particle release was observed: the qualitative similarity (the form of release) was high regarding the food contact of all NEPs with embedded NFs. Quantitative similarity of releases depended primarily on the NEP matrix, as this controls the penetration of the simulant fluid into the NEP. The solubility of the NF and impurities in the simulant fluid was the second decisive factor, as dissolution of the NF inside the NEP is the main mechanism of release. This led to complete removal of CaCO3 in acidic medium, whereas Fe and Si signals remained in the paper, consistent with the low release rates in an ionic form. In our set of 16 NEPs, only one NEP showed a dependence on the REACH NF descriptors (substance, si

If we think of the human body as the origin and end of architecture (origin as the starting point of the needs that we have to cover in our relationship with the environment, and end as the receiver of the environmental and functional conditions that we create in response to these needs) , we cannot ignore the need to project from our bodies (project from the fact of living). That is why we proposed to the students of introduction to architectural projects an exercise initially planned in two phases: a first work of recognition, learning and drawing of the body, to then ask them to build an intermediary artifact between their body -any part of it- and the environment in which they live, based on a function, invented or not, and if possible not exempt from playful aspects, where the designer himself would be the user. The question to answer was: how do we complete our body in response to a new need?, Si pensamos en el cuerpo humano como origen y final de la arquitectura (origen como punto de partida de necesidades que hemos de cubrir en nuestra relación con el entorno, y final como receptor de las condiciones ambientales y funcionales que creamos en respuesta a dichas necesidades), no podemos dejar de lado la exigencia de proyectar desde nuestros cuerpos (proyectar desde el hecho de habitar). Es por ello que propusimos a los estudiantes de introducción a proyectos arquitectónicos un ejercicio inicialmente planteado en dos fases: un primer trabajo de reconocimiento, aprendizaje y dibujo del cuerpo, para luego pedirles que construyesen un artefacto intermediario entre su cuerpo –cualquier parte del mismo– y el entorno en que habitan a partir de una función, inventada o no, y a ser posible no exenta de aspectos lúdicos, donde el propio proyectista sería el usuario. La pregunta a responder era: ¿cómo completamos nuestro cuerpo ante una nueva necesidad?, Queremos agradecer al Convent de les Arts de Alcover y a Aleix Antillach Tarafa, comisario del ciclo PARLEM CONTEMPORANI, que nos hayan permitido formar parte de la sesión 22, inaugurada el sábado 2 de abril de 2022, con el montaje titulado EL COS, el resultado final de la experiencia docente que hemos expuesto en el presente escrito., Peer Reviewed

Дисертаційна робота присвячена розробці ресурсоощадної технології отриманню із недеревної рослинної сировини наноцелюлози та композиційних матеріалів на її основі. Доведена можливість отримання целюлози для виробництва наноцелюлози термохімічною обробкою недеревної рослинної сировини в органічних розчинниках. Розраховано константи швидкості та енергія активації процесу делігніфікації пшеничної соломи. Удосконалено процес гідролізу органосольвентної целюлози розчинами сульфатної кислоти зниженої концентрації. Розраховано математичні моделі процесу гідролізу целюлози із НДРС та ефективні значення технологічних параметрів отримання наноцелюлози. Встановлено позитивний вплив наноцелюлози як зміцнюючої добавки у композиції картонно-паперової продукції. Доцільність введення наноцелюлози в цементну композицію підтверджено актом впровадження на підприємстві цементної промисловості.

Дисертаційна робота присвячена розробці ресурсоощадної технології отриманню із недеревної рослинної сировини наноцелюлози та композиційних матеріалів на її основі. Доведена можливість отримання целюлози для виробництва наноцелюлози термохімічною обробкою недеревної рослинної сировини в органічних розчинниках. Розраховано константи швидкості та енергія активації процесу делігніфікації пшеничної соломи. Удосконалено процес гідролізу органосольвентної целюлози розчинами сульфатної кислоти зниженої концентрації. Розраховано математичні моделі процесу гідролізу целюлози із НДРС та ефективні значення технологічних параметрів отримання наноцелюлози. Встановлено позитивний вплив наноцелюлози як зміцнюючої добавки у композиції картонно-паперової продукції. Доцільність введення наноцелюлози в цементну композицію підтверджено актом впровадження на підприємстві цементної промисловості., The dissertation is devoted to the production from non-wood plant raw materials of nanocellulose and composite materials based on it. The processes of cooking pulp from non-wood plant raw materials in organic solvents in order to obtain cellulose suitable for chemical processing have been studied. It was found that preliminary alkaline treatment of plant raw materials with a 5% NaOH solution at a temperature of (97 ± 2) °С for 90 min leads to the removal of more than 50% of lignin and about 80% of minerals from plant materials, which contributes to subsequent efficient delignification in the process of organosolv pulping. Organosolv pulping in a mixture of peracetic acid for 180 min allows to obtain pulp with a minimum content of lignin (up to 0.61%) and minerals (up to 0.09%), which is suitable for subsequent production of nanocellulose from it. The process of hydrolysis of organosolv pulp with sulfuric acid solutions has been improved. Effective parameters of technological factors of nanocellulose production were obtained experimentally and with the use of mathematical methods. It has been proven that as a result of the hydrolysis of organosolv pulp from non-wood plant raw materials and the treatment of the suspension with ultrasound, nanoparticles with a transverse size of 10-60 nm and a crystallinity index of up to 80% were obtained. The obtained nanocellulose films are characterized by tensile strength up to 70 MPa and transparency up to 74% in the visible region of the spectrum. It were established, dependences of the quality indicators of nanocellulose (density, thickness, transparency, physical and mechanical parameters) of the main technological parameters: temperature, duration of hydrolysis and ultrasound treatment, concentration of sulfuric acid. In order to determine the quality indicators of organosolv cellulose and nanocellulose, a number of chemical and instrumental methods of analysis were performed. Analysis of the chemical composition of non-wood

[ES] Este proyecto tiene como objeto diseñar y desarrollar un envase que sea versátil para alimentos frescos y para loncheados, que sea reciclable y competitivo en el mercado. De este modo se analizarán los diferentes diseños estudiando para ver cual satisface mejor las necesidades de una forma objetiva y seguidamente se seleccionarán los materiales considerando el proceso de fabricación. Para finalizar se llevarán a cabo las pruebas necesarias para garantizar que el producto cumple con toda la normativa y es apto para estar en contacto con alimentos., [CA] Aquest projecte té com a objecte dissenyar i desenvolupar un envàs que sigui versàtil per a aliments frescos i per llescats, que sigui reciclable i competitiu en el mercat. D'aquesta manera s'analitzaran els diferents dissenys estudiant per veure quina satisfà millor les necessitats d'una forma objectiva i seguidament es seleccionaran els materials considerant el procés de fabricació. Per finalitzar es duran a terme les proves necessàries per garantir que el producte compleix amb tota la normativa i és apte per estar en contacte amb aliments., [EN] This project aims to design and develop a packaging that is versatile for fresh and sliced food, recyclable and competitive in the market. In this way, different designs will be analysed and studied to see which one best meets the needs in an objective way and then the materials will be selected considering the manufacturing process. Finally, the necessary tests will be carried out to ensure that the product complies with all regulations and is suitable for contact with foodstuffs.

[ES] Este proyecto tiene como objeto diseñar y desarrollar un envase que sea versátil para alimentos frescos y para loncheados, que sea reciclable y competitivo en el mercado. De este modo se analizarán los diferentes diseños estudiando para ver cual satisface mejor las necesidades de una forma objetiva y seguidamente se seleccionarán los materiales considerando el proceso de fabricación. Para finalizar se llevarán a cabo las pruebas necesarias para garantizar que el producto cumple con toda la normativa y es apto para estar en contacto con alimentos., [CA] Aquest projecte té com a objecte dissenyar i desenvolupar un envàs que sigui versàtil per a aliments frescos i per llescats, que sigui reciclable i competitiu en el mercat. D'aquesta manera s'analitzaran els diferents dissenys estudiant per veure quina satisfà millor les necessitats d'una forma objectiva i seguidament es seleccionaran els materials considerant el procés de fabricació. Per finalitzar es duran a terme les proves necessàries per garantir que el producte compleix amb tota la normativa i és apte per estar en contacte amb aliments., [EN] This project aims to design and develop a packaging that is versatile for fresh and sliced food, recyclable and competitive in the market. In this way, different designs will be analysed and studied to see which one best meets the needs in an objective way and then the materials will be selected considering the manufacturing process. Finally, the necessary tests will be carried out to ensure that the product complies with all regulations and is suitable for contact with foodstuffs.

[EN] This work has been carried out within the Erasmus program (European Project Semester) in The Hague (Netherlands) and is divided into two projects. The first one is carried out within the subject ¿Packaging Design Innovation¿ and is about a carton packaging for the European association PROCARTON contest. In this context, the result obtained is a take-away food package, specifically Mexican tacos. The phases into which the "PROCARTON" project is divided are analysis, ideation, concept and final presentation. The second project developed is carried out in the context of the subject "Sustainable Packaging Design Innovation". Its objective is the creation of a product that helps prevent food waste. The phases in which the project is divided are analysis, ideation, concept and final presentation., [ES] Este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo dentro del programa Erasmus (European Project Semester) en La Haya (Países Bajos) y se divide en dos proyectos. El primero de ellos se realiza dentro de la asignatura ¿Packaging Design Innovation¿ y su objetivo es la realización de un envase de cartón que será presentado al concurso de la asociación europea PROCARTON. En este contexto, se ha llevado a cabo el diseño de un envase de comida para llevar, concretamente tacos mexicanos. El proyecto se divide en cuatro fases: análisis, ideación, concepto y presentación final; y a lo largo del trabajo se explica el desarrollo de cada una de ellas. El segundo proyecto desarrollado se realiza en el contexto de la asignatura "Sustainable Packaging Design Innovation¿. Se centra en la creación de un producto que ayude a prevenir el desperdicio de comida. Las fases en las que se divide el proyecto son análisis, ideación, concepto y presentación final.

[ES] Este proyecto tiene como objeto diseñar y desarrollar un envase que sea versátil para alimentos frescos y para loncheados, que sea reciclable y competitivo en el mercado. De este modo se analizarán los diferentes diseños estudiando para ver cual satisface mejor las necesidades de una forma objetiva y seguidamente se seleccionarán los materiales considerando el proceso de fabricación. Para finalizar se llevarán a cabo las pruebas necesarias para garantizar que el producto cumple con toda la normativa y es apto para estar en contacto con alimentos., [CA] Aquest projecte té com a objecte dissenyar i desenvolupar un envàs que sigui versàtil per a aliments frescos i per llescats, que sigui reciclable i competitiu en el mercat. D'aquesta manera s'analitzaran els diferents dissenys estudiant per veure quina satisfà millor les necessitats d'una forma objectiva i seguidament es seleccionaran els materials considerant el procés de fabricació. Per finalitzar es duran a terme les proves necessàries per garantir que el producte compleix amb tota la normativa i és apte per estar en contacte amb aliments., [EN] This project aims to design and develop a packaging that is versatile for fresh and sliced food, recyclable and competitive in the market. In this way, different designs will be analysed and studied to see which one best meets the needs in an objective way and then the materials will be selected considering the manufacturing process. Finally, the necessary tests will be carried out to ensure that the product complies with all regulations and is suitable for contact with foodstuffs.

[EN] This work has been carried out within the Erasmus program (European Project Semester) in The Hague (Netherlands) and is divided into two projects. The first one is carried out within the subject ¿Packaging Design Innovation¿ and is about a carton packaging for the European association PROCARTON contest. In this context, the result obtained is a take-away food package, specifically Mexican tacos. The phases into which the "PROCARTON" project is divided are analysis, ideation, concept and final presentation. The second project developed is carried out in the context of the subject "Sustainable Packaging Design Innovation". Its objective is the creation of a product that helps prevent food waste. The phases in which the project is divided are analysis, ideation, concept and final presentation., [ES] Este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo dentro del programa Erasmus (European Project Semester) en La Haya (Países Bajos) y se divide en dos proyectos. El primero de ellos se realiza dentro de la asignatura ¿Packaging Design Innovation¿ y su objetivo es la realización de un envase de cartón que será presentado al concurso de la asociación europea PROCARTON. En este contexto, se ha llevado a cabo el diseño de un envase de comida para llevar, concretamente tacos mexicanos. El proyecto se divide en cuatro fases: análisis, ideación, concepto y presentación final; y a lo largo del trabajo se explica el desarrollo de cada una de ellas. El segundo proyecto desarrollado se realiza en el contexto de la asignatura "Sustainable Packaging Design Innovation¿. Se centra en la creación de un producto que ayude a prevenir el desperdicio de comida. Las fases en las que se divide el proyecto son análisis, ideación, concepto y presentación final.

[EN] This work has been carried out within the Erasmus program (European Project Semester) in The Hague (Netherlands) and is divided into two projects. The first one is carried out within the subject ¿Packaging Design Innovation¿ and is about a carton packaging for the European association PROCARTON contest. In this context, the result obtained is a take-away food package, specifically Mexican tacos. The phases into which the "PROCARTON" project is divided are analysis, ideation, concept and final presentation. The second project developed is carried out in the context of the subject "Sustainable Packaging Design Innovation". Its objective is the creation of a product that helps prevent food waste. The phases in which the project is divided are analysis, ideation, concept and final presentation., [ES] Este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo dentro del programa Erasmus (European Project Semester) en La Haya (Países Bajos) y se divide en dos proyectos. El primero de ellos se realiza dentro de la asignatura ¿Packaging Design Innovation¿ y su objetivo es la realización de un envase de cartón que será presentado al concurso de la asociación europea PROCARTON. En este contexto, se ha llevado a cabo el diseño de un envase de comida para llevar, concretamente tacos mexicanos. El proyecto se divide en cuatro fases: análisis, ideación, concepto y presentación final; y a lo largo del trabajo se explica el desarrollo de cada una de ellas. El segundo proyecto desarrollado se realiza en el contexto de la asignatura "Sustainable Packaging Design Innovation¿. Se centra en la creación de un producto que ayude a prevenir el desperdicio de comida. Las fases en las que se divide el proyecto son análisis, ideación, concepto y presentación final.

Pyrolysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) represents one of the most promising solutions to recycle materials and recover energy. Two of the main components of MSW are waste cardboard and plastic. In this study, the pyrolysis of cardboard and polyethylene (PE) and the co-pyrolysis of their mixtures were conducted to investigate the synergistic effect by using thermogravimetric analysis. The whole reaction process was divided into four pseudoreactions, namely, hemicellulose, lignin, cellulose, and PE, by using the Frazer-Suzuki deconvolution method. It was found that the co-pyrolysis of cardboard and PE could promote the decomposition degrees of cardboard from 70.28% to 75.31%, when the PE fraction increased from 0 to 75%. However, the presence of cardboard can hinder the heat adsorption of PE, which shifts the peak of the PE reaction to a higher temperature. This results in higher E-a and Delta H double dagger values for PE pyrolysis with an increasing fraction of cardboard. On the other hand, the E-a and Delta H double dagger values of cellulose pyrolysis have their lowest values when the mixing rate is around 50%. This research deepens the understanding of the synergistic effect of co-pyrolysis of cardboard and PE, which supports the potential application of pyrolysis of MSW., QC 20210720

Explorations in the use of cardboard products in architecture appear in the field’s research literature since the 1940s. However, it was not until the early 1990s, when Shigeru Ban's work emerged, did cardboard products became a potential material for architecture. Since then, cardboard use in architecture has been continuously growing world- wide, and Ban's cardboard buildings have now achieved important recognition. This article is a review of cardboard architecture in academic research and professional architectural practice in the last eight decades. The article sum- marizes the fundamentals of cardboard architectural design and illustrates diverse strategies proposed by different authors to decrease cardboard strength degradation due to the material's weaknesses

Explorations in the use of cardboard products in architecture appear in the field’s research literature since the 1940s. However, it was not until the early 1990s, when Shigeru Ban's work emerged, did cardboard products became a potential material for architecture. Since then, cardboard use in architecture has been continuously growing world- wide, and Ban's cardboard buildings have now achieved important recognition. This article is a review of cardboard architecture in academic research and professional architectural practice in the last eight decades. The article sum- marizes the fundamentals of cardboard architectural design and illustrates diverse strategies proposed by different authors to decrease cardboard strength degradation due to the material's weaknesses

Explorations in the use of cardboard products in architecture appear in the field’s research literature since the 1940s. However, it was not until the early 1990s, when Shigeru Ban's work emerged, did cardboard products became a potential material for architecture. Since then, cardboard use in architecture has been continuously growing world- wide, and Ban's cardboard buildings have now achieved important recognition. This article is a review of cardboard architecture in academic research and professional architectural practice in the last eight decades. The article sum- marizes the fundamentals of cardboard architectural design and illustrates diverse strategies proposed by different authors to decrease cardboard strength degradation due to the material's weaknesses

La realitat virtual formarà part, algun dia, de les Tecnologies de la Informació i la Comunicació (TICs) utilitzades habitualment a un centre de formació professional? Per intentar apropar-se a aquesta qüestió es va decidir acotar l'àmbit d'aquest treball a la Unitat Formativa de Prevenció de Riscos Laborals, una matèria transversal, comuna a tots els cicles de formació professional dins de les titulacions LOE. Després d'estudiar els avantatges metodològics de la realitat virtual i el seu estat de l'art, es va procedir a crear i desenvolupar diverses activitats d'ensenyament i aprenentatge que incorporaven experiències de realitat virtual i que podien ser utilitzades dins la planificació d'aquesta unitat formativa. Per finalitzar el treball, es va dissenyar una eina d'avaluació d'aquesta proposta que permeti, en un futur, obtenir una comparació de resultats d'aquestes noves activitats vers les activitats que actualment s'estan utilitzant dins la formació en prevenció de riscos laborals.

From a construction point of view, neighborhoods with residents living at or below the poverty threshold are characterized by low energy efficiency buildings, in which people live in acoustic discomfort with no viable options for home improvements, as they usually can not afford the materials and labor costs associated. An alternative to this is to use low-cost insulating elements made of non-conventional materials with acceptable acoustic properties. Given that household materials at their end-of-life (EoLHM) are free of costs and available also to the more disadvantaged population, they can be used to build acoustic panels for such contexts. This approach embraces several benefits since it reduces the amount of waste produced, the footprint deriving from the extraction of new raw materials and, by highlighting the potential of the EoLHM, discourages the abandonment of waste. In this paper, the acoustic properties of EoLHM, such as cardboard, egg-cartons, clothes, metal elements and combinations of them, are investigated by means of the impedance tube technique. The measured sound absorption coefficient and transmission loss have shown that EoLHM can be used for the realization of acoustic panels. However, since none of the analyzed materials shows absorbing and insulating properties at the same time, EoLHM must be wisely selected. This innovative approach supports the circular economy and the improvement for the living condition of low-income households., Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::1 - Fi de la Pobresa, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::1 - Fi de la Pobresa::1.5 - Per a 2030, fomentar la resiliència de les persones pobres i aquelles que es troben en situacions vulnerables, i reduir-ne l’exposició i vulnerabilitat als fenòmens extrems relacionats amb el clima, així com altres crisis i des­astres econòmics, socials i ambientals, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles::11.1 - Per a 2030, assegurar l’accés de totes les persones a habitatges i a serveis bàsics adequats, segurs i assequibles, i millorar els barris marginal, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum Responsables, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum Responsables::12.5 - Per a 2030, disminuir de manera substancial la generació de residus mitjançant polítiques de prevenció, reducció, reciclatge i reutilització, Postprint (published version)

Explorations in the use of cardboard products in architecture appear in the field’s research literature since the 1940s. However, it was not until the early 1990s, when Shigeru Ban's work emerged, did cardboard products became a potential material for architecture. Since then, cardboard use in architecture has been continuously growing world- wide, and Ban's cardboard buildings have now achieved important recognition. This article is a review of cardboard architecture in academic research and professional architectural practice in the last eight decades. The article sum- marizes the fundamentals of cardboard architectural design and illustrates diverse strategies proposed by different authors to decrease cardboard strength degradation due to the material's weaknesses

Explorations in the use of cardboard products in architecture appear in the field’s research literature since the 1940s. However, it was not until the early 1990s, when Shigeru Ban's work emerged, did cardboard products became a potential material for architecture. Since then, cardboard use in architecture has been continuously growing world- wide, and Ban's cardboard buildings have now achieved important recognition. This article is a review of cardboard architecture in academic research and professional architectural practice in the last eight decades. The article sum- marizes the fundamentals of cardboard architectural design and illustrates diverse strategies proposed by different authors to decrease cardboard strength degradation due to the material's weaknesses

[ES] El presente trabajo de fin de grado consiste en el diseño y desarrollo de un envase primario destinado a contener cápsulas de detergente. Dicho diseño se pretende elaborar al 100% con cartón ondulado o que sea este el principal material. El diseño concebido trata de solucionar los problemas de uso excesivo del plástico, el material más común para los envases de productos diarios. Al mismo tiempo, el producto no solo será un contenedor, sino también incorporará un sistema de apertura a prueba de niños. El resultado es un envase de cartón para detergente a prueba de niños que será sostenible en cuanto al material, a la fabricación y al uso., [EN] The following final project consists of the design and development of a primary packaging for detergent capsules, also known as Pods. This design is intended to be made 100% with corrugated cardboard or at least that this is the main material being used. The conceived design tries to solve the problems of excessive use of plastic, the most common material for daily product packaging. At the same time, the product will not only be a container, but will also incorporate a child-proof opening system. The result is a child-proof cardboard packaging for detergent that will be sustainable in material, manufacturing and use.

[ES] El propósito de este trabajo es el diseño de un packaging para botellas de cerveza que permita un transporte más cómodo, facilidad a la hora de producirlo y utilice la mínima cantidad de material posible. El proceso comenzó con la búsqueda de productos a los que parecía interesante cambiar el packaging actual y se hicieron algunos bocetos. Una vez elegido que el producto era las botellas de cerveza se buscaron soluciones actuales y se empezó a bocetar. Con los bocetos seleccionados se comenzó a hacer maquetas y más bocetos para solucionar los problemas encontrados. Así varias veces hasta llegar al producto final con la maqueta realizada y funcionando correctamente. Por otro lado, también se pensó en la segunda vida que se quería dar al packaging para que sorprendiera al consumidor. De esta manera se ha llegado a conseguir un packaging que permite llevar cervezas de diferentes marcas y tamaños del supermercado a casa evitando llevarlas todas juntas golpeándose en una bolsa, así dar una segunda vida al envase al incluir un juego en la parte interna y la función de abrebotellas., [EN] The purpose of this work is the design of a packaging for beer bottles allowing a more comfortable transport, ease of production and with the minimum amount of material possible. The process started with the search of products that seemed interesting to change the current packaging and we made some sketches. Once we decided that the product was the beer bottles, we looked for current solutions and started to sketch. With selected sketches we started to make models and more sketches to solve the problems found. This way several times until we reach the final product with the model done and working correctly. On the other hand, we also thought about the second life that we wanted to give to the product and that would surprise the consumer. In this way we have managed to get a packaging that allows you to take different brands and sizes of beer from the supermarket to your home, avoiding in this way to take them all together hitting each other in a bag, as well as a second life for the packaging that includes a game on the inside and the function of bottle opener.

[ES] El presente trabajo de fin de grado consiste en el diseño y desarrollo de un envase primario destinado a contener cápsulas de detergente. Dicho diseño se pretende elaborar al 100% con cartón ondulado o que sea este el principal material. El diseño concebido trata de solucionar los problemas de uso excesivo del plástico, el material más común para los envases de productos diarios. Al mismo tiempo, el producto no solo será un contenedor, sino también incorporará un sistema de apertura a prueba de niños. El resultado es un envase de cartón para detergente a prueba de niños que será sostenible en cuanto al material, a la fabricación y al uso., [EN] The following final project consists of the design and development of a primary packaging for detergent capsules, also known as Pods. This design is intended to be made 100% with corrugated cardboard or at least that this is the main material being used. The conceived design tries to solve the problems of excessive use of plastic, the most common material for daily product packaging. At the same time, the product will not only be a container, but will also incorporate a child-proof opening system. The result is a child-proof cardboard packaging for detergent that will be sustainable in material, manufacturing and use.

[ES] El propósito de este trabajo es el diseño de un packaging para botellas de cerveza que permita un transporte más cómodo, facilidad a la hora de producirlo y utilice la mínima cantidad de material posible. El proceso comenzó con la búsqueda de productos a los que parecía interesante cambiar el packaging actual y se hicieron algunos bocetos. Una vez elegido que el producto era las botellas de cerveza se buscaron soluciones actuales y se empezó a bocetar. Con los bocetos seleccionados se comenzó a hacer maquetas y más bocetos para solucionar los problemas encontrados. Así varias veces hasta llegar al producto final con la maqueta realizada y funcionando correctamente. Por otro lado, también se pensó en la segunda vida que se quería dar al packaging para que sorprendiera al consumidor. De esta manera se ha llegado a conseguir un packaging que permite llevar cervezas de diferentes marcas y tamaños del supermercado a casa evitando llevarlas todas juntas golpeándose en una bolsa, así dar una segunda vida al envase al incluir un juego en la parte interna y la función de abrebotellas., [EN] The purpose of this work is the design of a packaging for beer bottles allowing a more comfortable transport, ease of production and with the minimum amount of material possible. The process started with the search of products that seemed interesting to change the current packaging and we made some sketches. Once we decided that the product was the beer bottles, we looked for current solutions and started to sketch. With selected sketches we started to make models and more sketches to solve the problems found. This way several times until we reach the final product with the model done and working correctly. On the other hand, we also thought about the second life that we wanted to give to the product and that would surprise the consumer. In this way we have managed to get a packaging that allows you to take different brands and sizes of beer from the supermarket to your home, avoiding in this way to take them all together hitting each other in a bag, as well as a second life for the packaging that includes a game on the inside and the function of bottle opener.

[ES] El packaging que se presenta pretende favorecer la venta de rotuladores especiales para el dibujo. Gran parte de estos productos se presentan en conjuntos cerrados, sin tener opción de escoger los colores que se desean. Con este proyecto se pretende favorecer la venta del material mediante un envase llamativo para todo tipo de usuarios, sin importar el vínculo con estos productos. Además se emplea un material sostenible y reutilizable, con formas rectas y regulares, que se ayuda de diseño gráfico para aproximarse a los posibles consumidores. El producto consta de una sola pieza lo que hace que se optimice la cantidad de material necesario para crearlo., [EN] The packaging presented intended to promote the sale of special markers for the drawing. Much of these products are presented in closed sets, without having the option to choose the colors you want. This project is intended to promote the sale of the material through an eye-catching packaging for all types of users, regardless of the link with these products. In addition, a sustainable and reusable material is used, with straight and regular shapes, graphic design help to get close to potential consumers. The product consists of a single piece which makes the amount of material needed to create it optimized.

[ES] El presente trabajo de fin de grado consiste en el diseño y desarrollo de un envase primario destinado a contener cápsulas de detergente. Dicho diseño se pretende elaborar al 100% con cartón ondulado o que sea este el principal material. El diseño concebido trata de solucionar los problemas de uso excesivo del plástico, el material más común para los envases de productos diarios. Al mismo tiempo, el producto no solo será un contenedor, sino también incorporará un sistema de apertura a prueba de niños. El resultado es un envase de cartón para detergente a prueba de niños que será sostenible en cuanto al material, a la fabricación y al uso., [EN] The following final project consists of the design and development of a primary packaging for detergent capsules, also known as Pods. This design is intended to be made 100% with corrugated cardboard or at least that this is the main material being used. The conceived design tries to solve the problems of excessive use of plastic, the most common material for daily product packaging. At the same time, the product will not only be a container, but will also incorporate a child-proof opening system. The result is a child-proof cardboard packaging for detergent that will be sustainable in material, manufacturing and use.

[ES] El packaging que se presenta pretende favorecer la venta de rotuladores especiales para el dibujo. Gran parte de estos productos se presentan en conjuntos cerrados, sin tener opción de escoger los colores que se desean. Con este proyecto se pretende favorecer la venta del material mediante un envase llamativo para todo tipo de usuarios, sin importar el vínculo con estos productos. Además se emplea un material sostenible y reutilizable, con formas rectas y regulares, que se ayuda de diseño gráfico para aproximarse a los posibles consumidores. El producto consta de una sola pieza lo que hace que se optimice la cantidad de material necesario para crearlo., [EN] The packaging presented intended to promote the sale of special markers for the drawing. Much of these products are presented in closed sets, without having the option to choose the colors you want. This project is intended to promote the sale of the material through an eye-catching packaging for all types of users, regardless of the link with these products. In addition, a sustainable and reusable material is used, with straight and regular shapes, graphic design help to get close to potential consumers. The product consists of a single piece which makes the amount of material needed to create it optimized.

[ES] El packaging que se presenta pretende favorecer la venta de rotuladores especiales para el dibujo. Gran parte de estos productos se presentan en conjuntos cerrados, sin tener opción de escoger los colores que se desean. Con este proyecto se pretende favorecer la venta del material mediante un envase llamativo para todo tipo de usuarios, sin importar el vínculo con estos productos. Además se emplea un material sostenible y reutilizable, con formas rectas y regulares, que se ayuda de diseño gráfico para aproximarse a los posibles consumidores. El producto consta de una sola pieza lo que hace que se optimice la cantidad de material necesario para crearlo., [EN] The packaging presented intended to promote the sale of special markers for the drawing. Much of these products are presented in closed sets, without having the option to choose the colors you want. This project is intended to promote the sale of the material through an eye-catching packaging for all types of users, regardless of the link with these products. In addition, a sustainable and reusable material is used, with straight and regular shapes, graphic design help to get close to potential consumers. The product consists of a single piece which makes the amount of material needed to create it optimized.

[ES] El packaging que se presenta pretende favorecer la venta de rotuladores especiales para el dibujo. Gran parte de estos productos se presentan en conjuntos cerrados, sin tener opción de escoger los colores que se desean. Con este proyecto se pretende favorecer la venta del material mediante un envase llamativo para todo tipo de usuarios, sin importar el vínculo con estos productos. Además se emplea un material sostenible y reutilizable, con formas rectas y regulares, que se ayuda de diseño gráfico para aproximarse a los posibles consumidores. El producto consta de una sola pieza lo que hace que se optimice la cantidad de material necesario para crearlo., [EN] The packaging presented intended to promote the sale of special markers for the drawing. Much of these products are presented in closed sets, without having the option to choose the colors you want. This project is intended to promote the sale of the material through an eye-catching packaging for all types of users, regardless of the link with these products. In addition, a sustainable and reusable material is used, with straight and regular shapes, graphic design help to get close to potential consumers. The product consists of a single piece which makes the amount of material needed to create it optimized.

[ES] El presente trabajo de fin de grado consiste en el diseño y desarrollo de un envase primario destinado a contener cápsulas de detergente. Dicho diseño se pretende elaborar al 100% con cartón ondulado o que sea este el principal material. El diseño concebido trata de solucionar los problemas de uso excesivo del plástico, el material más común para los envases de productos diarios. Al mismo tiempo, el producto no solo será un contenedor, sino también incorporará un sistema de apertura a prueba de niños. El resultado es un envase de cartón para detergente a prueba de niños que será sostenible en cuanto al material, a la fabricación y al uso., [EN] The following final project consists of the design and development of a primary packaging for detergent capsules, also known as Pods. This design is intended to be made 100% with corrugated cardboard or at least that this is the main material being used. The conceived design tries to solve the problems of excessive use of plastic, the most common material for daily product packaging. At the same time, the product will not only be a container, but will also incorporate a child-proof opening system. The result is a child-proof cardboard packaging for detergent that will be sustainable in material, manufacturing and use.

[ES] El propósito de este trabajo es el diseño de un packaging para botellas de cerveza que permita un transporte más cómodo, facilidad a la hora de producirlo y utilice la mínima cantidad de material posible. El proceso comenzó con la búsqueda de productos a los que parecía interesante cambiar el packaging actual y se hicieron algunos bocetos. Una vez elegido que el producto era las botellas de cerveza se buscaron soluciones actuales y se empezó a bocetar. Con los bocetos seleccionados se comenzó a hacer maquetas y más bocetos para solucionar los problemas encontrados. Así varias veces hasta llegar al producto final con la maqueta realizada y funcionando correctamente. Por otro lado, también se pensó en la segunda vida que se quería dar al packaging para que sorprendiera al consumidor. De esta manera se ha llegado a conseguir un packaging que permite llevar cervezas de diferentes marcas y tamaños del supermercado a casa evitando llevarlas todas juntas golpeándose en una bolsa, así dar una segunda vida al envase al incluir un juego en la parte interna y la función de abrebotellas., [EN] The purpose of this work is the design of a packaging for beer bottles allowing a more comfortable transport, ease of production and with the minimum amount of material possible. The process started with the search of products that seemed interesting to change the current packaging and we made some sketches. Once we decided that the product was the beer bottles, we looked for current solutions and started to sketch. With selected sketches we started to make models and more sketches to solve the problems found. This way several times until we reach the final product with the model done and working correctly. On the other hand, we also thought about the second life that we wanted to give to the product and that would surprise the consumer. In this way we have managed to get a packaging that allows you to take different brands and sizes of beer from the supermarket to your home, avoiding in this way to take them all together hitting each other in a bag, as well as a second life for the packaging that includes a game on the inside and the function of bottle opener.

This master thesis was issued by BillerudKorsnäs Gruvön. The focus of this thesis was theinvestigation of the effects different fibre types has on the compression strength of the whole paper product. This stems from wanting to better understand how to produce a better paperboard construction with respect to stacking, storage, and transport. The goal, thus, was to learn how to better design multiply board - utilising laboratory test and a literature study. An alternative way of forming a multiply paperboard, stratified forming, has been studied - with insight in to the past and the present. A test plan was developed, the decision was to test bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP), unbleached softwood kraft pulp (UBSKP), neutral sulfite semi chemical Pulp (NSSC), andbleached hardwood kraft pulp (BHKP). The grammage was set to 140 g /m2 for all sheets. The combinations tested for the multilayered sheets were NSSC/BHKP, NSSC/BSKP, BSKP/BHKP,and BHKP/UBSKP with the configurations of 40/100, 70/70, and 100/40 g /m2 for all respective combinations. The method to produce a sheet for use in laboratory test was the dynamic sheet former(DSF). The sheets were then subsequently pressed and dried, and finally conditioned to 23°C and 50% RH. Measurements of the grammage and thickness, and analysis of the fractures, were conducted at Karlstad University, and the SCT were conducted at Gruvön in standard condition. The SCT results showed that for single sheets, BSKP was the strongest fibre type in its SCT index. The difference in strength between BSKP and UBSKP affirms the theory that bleaching improves the fibre-fibre bonding potential, which increases the strength. For two layered sheets, the highest SCT index was combinations BSKP/BHKP with the 70/70 configuration. When the difference was big between two different fibre types there also seemed to be a relation for the SCT index; if one fibre type is dominant, the SCT index shows a relation. For similar SCT indices, there was no relat

This master thesis was issued by BillerudKorsnäs Gruvön. The focus of this thesis was theinvestigation of the effects different fibre types has on the compression strength of the whole paper product. This stems from wanting to better understand how to produce a better paperboard construction with respect to stacking, storage, and transport. The goal, thus, was to learn how to better design multiply board - utilising laboratory test and a literature study. An alternative way of forming a multiply paperboard, stratified forming, has been studied - with insight in to the past and the present. A test plan was developed, the decision was to test bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP), unbleached softwood kraft pulp (UBSKP), neutral sulfite semi chemical Pulp (NSSC), andbleached hardwood kraft pulp (BHKP). The grammage was set to 140 g /m2 for all sheets. The combinations tested for the multilayered sheets were NSSC/BHKP, NSSC/BSKP, BSKP/BHKP,and BHKP/UBSKP with the configurations of 40/100, 70/70, and 100/40 g /m2 for all respective combinations. The method to produce a sheet for use in laboratory test was the dynamic sheet former(DSF). The sheets were then subsequently pressed and dried, and finally conditioned to 23°C and 50% RH. Measurements of the grammage and thickness, and analysis of the fractures, were conducted at Karlstad University, and the SCT were conducted at Gruvön in standard condition. The SCT results showed that for single sheets, BSKP was the strongest fibre type in its SCT index. The difference in strength between BSKP and UBSKP affirms the theory that bleaching improves the fibre-fibre bonding potential, which increases the strength. For two layered sheets, the highest SCT index was combinations BSKP/BHKP with the 70/70 configuration. When the difference was big between two different fibre types there also seemed to be a relation for the SCT index; if one fibre type is dominant, the SCT index shows a relation. For similar SCT indices, there was no relat

Práce se zabývá kompletním restaurováním objektů na papírové podložce z Městského muzea v České Třebové. Objektem restaurování jsou tři díla rozdílných technik na papírových podložkách. Prvním dílem je kresba portrétu Jana Hýbla grafitovou tužkou na papíře od Františka Bělského adjustovaná na černém papíře a lepence, dále perokresba Kostela sv. Jakuba Většího v České Třebové na lepence od Vladimíra Pecháčka, jež je kolorována kvašem, nebo silně ředěnou temperou, v kombinaci s akvarelem. Posledním dílem je olejomalba Poprsí mladíka držícího věnec na lepence od neznámého autora., This thesis presents the results of a comprehensive restoration treatment of objects on paper support from the Municipal museum of Česká Třebová. The restored objects are three art works executed in different techniques on paper support. The first artwork is a portrait drawing of Jan Hýbl executed in graphite pencil on paper support by František Bělský, mounted on black paper and a carboard. The second object is a line drawing of the Church of St. Jacob the Bigger in Česká Třebová by Vladimír Pecháček. The drawing is executed on cardboard support and is presumably coloured with gouache, or thinned tempera, in combination with aquarelle colours. The Last object is an oilpainting "Poprsí mladíka držícího věne" (= A Bust of a Young Boy holding a wreath) on carboard support by an unknown artist., Fakulta restaurování, Studentka představila obsah bakalářské práce, shrnula hlavní teze a poznatky. Na doplňující otázky komise reagovala pohotově a srozumitelně., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Предмет работы – динамика развития целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности России. Цель работы состоит в ретроспективном анализе, оценке современного состояния целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности России и прогнозе её развития. Метод работы – обзор и анализ генеза, современного состояния и прогноза развития целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности по источникам информации и опросам компаний и предприятий по профилю целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности Выполнен анализ развития целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности в советский период. Отмечено, что в этот период была создана и устойчиво функционировала материально-техническая база целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности, которая выдержала спад производства (около 40 %) при переходе от плановой к рыночной экономике. В переходный период сохранились крупные и средние промышленные предприятия. Обанкротилось 18 малых предприятий. Машиностроительные предприятия отрасли сохранены и частично перепрофилированы на выполнение заказов по другим отраслям промышленности. В переходный период фактически прекратили деятельность отраслевые и научно-исследовательские институты, проектно-конструкторские и технологические бюро. По вкладу в мировое производство продукции целлюлозно-бумажная промышленность Российской Федерации переместилась с 3-го места в 1984 г. на 14-е в 2014 г. Промышленное производство стабилизировано в 2017 г. по целлюлозе на уровне 8,7 млн т/год. Анализ динамики развития показывает, что с 2018 по 2022 гг. основные сегменты целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности увеличат прирост продукции на 1–3 % в год. В настоящее время создаются новые производственные мощности на 11 предприятиях целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности с увеличением в совокупности производства продукции к 2022 г. на 1,7 млн т/год. «Стратегией развития лесного комплекса до 2030 года» предусмотрено обеспечить увеличение выпуска товарной целлюлозы на 11,3 млн т/год, построить 10 новых целлюлозно-бумажных комбинатов и создать 27 тыс. высококвалифицированных рабочих мест. Выводы. Россия, The subject of work – the dynamics of the pulp and paper industry in Russia. The purpose of the work is a retrospective analysis, assessment of the current state of the pulp and paper industry of the Russia and the forecast of its development. Method of work – review and analysis of the genesis, recent state and forecast of development of the pulp and paper industry by information sources and information companies and enterprises according to the profi le of the pulp and paper industry. The analysis of the development of the pulp and paper industry in the Soviet period. It is noted that during this period, the material and technical base of the pulp and paper industry was created and functioned steadily, which withstood a decline in production (about 40 %) during the transition from a planned to a market economy. During the transition period, large and medium industrial enterprises remained. 18 small businesses went bankrupt. Machine-building enterprises of the industry are preserved and partially re-designed to fulfi ll orders for other industries. During the transition period, industry and research institutes, design and technological bureaus virtually ceased their activities. In terms of contribution to global production, the pulp and paper industry of the Russian Federation moved from the 3rd place in 1984 to the 14th in 2014. Industrial production was stabilized in 2017 for cellulose at the level of 8.7 million tons/year. Analysis of the dynamics of development shows, that from 2018 to 2022 the main segments of the pulp and paper industry will increase production by 1–3 % per year. At present, new production capacities are being created at 11 pulp and paper industry enterprises with an increase in production by 1.7 million tons/year by 2022.«The strategy of development of the forest complex until 2030» provides for an increase in the launch of commercial pulp by 11.3 million tons/year, to build 10 new pulp and paper mill and create 27 thousand highly skilled jo

Магістерська дисертація: 84 стор., 5 рис., 26 табл., 9 першоджерел, додатків 1. Актуальність теми: Підвищення продуктивності та якості картону макулатурного для плоских шарів гофрокартону шляхом впровадження новітніх досягнень в технології виробництва картону є актуальною науково-промисловою задачею оскільки тара і упаковка з гофрокартону широко застосовується в наш час. Мета і задачі дослідження. Мета роботи - розробка проекту реконструкції технологічного потоку ТОВ «Житомирський картонний комбінат» з виробництва картону макулатурного для плоских шарів гофрокартону. Для досягнення мети було поставлено наступні задачі: - проаналізувати літературні дані щодо інновацій в технології виробництва картону, описати приклади новацій для вирішення проблем виробництва картону макулатурного для плоских шарів гофрокартону з посиланням на літературу; - зазначити який вплив будуть мати запропоновані зміни на якість та собівартість продукції та продуктивність виробництва, навести детальний опис позицій технологічної схеми виробництва картону макулатурного для плоских шарів гофрокартону до та після реконструкції; - виконати реконструкцію технологічного потоку з виробництва картону для плоских шарів гофрокартону; - розрахувати матеріальний та тепловий баланси виробництва картону; - виконати розрахунок та вибір основного технологічного обладнання у відповідності з заданою продуктивністю технологічного потоку; - визначити комплекс заходів з охорони праці та охорони навколишнього середовища на виробництві; - розробити старт-ап проект виробництва картону макулатурного для плоских шарів гофрокартону. Об’єкт дослідження: процес підготовки маси з макулатури та процеси формування, пресування, сушіння картону макулатурного для плоских шарів гофрокартону. Предмет дослідження: технологічні параметри потоку з виробництва картону для плоских шарів гофрокартону. Методи дослідження: теоретичні методи дослідження властивостей, основного технологічного обладнання та технологій виготовення картону ма, Relevance of the theme: increased productivity and the ability to shark acrylic cardboard for flat balls on corrugated cardboard with a whip for new and innovative access to technological cardboard packaging. The purpose and tasks of the study. The purpose of the work is to develop a project to reconstruct the technological flow of «Zhytomyr cardboard factory» for the production of cardboard for flat layers of corrugated cardboard. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: - to carry out reconstruction of the technological flow for the production of cardboard for flat layers of corrugated cardboard; - calculate the material and thermal balance of cardboard production; - to perform calculation and selection of the main technological equipment and conformity with the given productivity of the technological flow; - to define a complex of measures on occupational safety at work; - to develop a start-up production of cardboard for flat layers of corrugated cardboard. Object of research: processes of preparation of waste paper mass and processes of forming, pressing of a cardboard cloth, drying and processing of cardboard for flat layers of corrugated cardboard. Subject of research: technological flow of cardboard production for flat layers of corrugated cardboard. Research methods: theoretical methods for the study of properties, the main technological equipment and technologies for the production of cardboard for flat layers of corrugated cardboard, mathematical methods for carrying out technological calculations of material and thermal balance of cardboard production. The practical value of the results. The results of the master's thesis can be implemented at the enterprises of the pulp and paper industry for improvement of technical and economic indicators of production and quality of products. Acquired knowledge about the properties, equipment and technology of cardboard production for flat layers of corrugated cardboard. The necessity of reconstruction of t

Магістерська дисертація: 105 стор., 44 рис., 15 табл., 40 першоджерел, 4 додатки Актуальність теми: розширення сировинної бази вітчизняної целюлозно-паперової промисловості, за рахунок використання доступної альтернативної сировини у вигляді відходів виробництв аграрного сектору України. Зв’язок роботи з науковими програмами, планами, темами: представниками асоціації українських виробництв целюлозно-паперової галузі “Укрпапір” та фінською компанією “JakoPoyry” з метою внесення пропозицій в стратегічну програму розвитку целюлозо-паперової промисловості України на період до 2020 р. Мета і задачі дослідження: отримання волокнистих напівфабрикатів високого виходу із стебел ріпаку, для використання у процесі виготовлення пакувальних видів паперу та картону. Об’єкт дослідження: волокнисті напівфабрикати, отримані із стебел ріпаку варінням натронно-содовим способом. Предмет дослідження: стебла ріпаку, технологічні режими натронно-содового варіння. Методи дослідження: приготування варильних розчинів проводили за стандартними методиками. Для варіння використовували кислототривкі автоклави, які завантажували у гліцеринову баню. Для визначення показників міцності отриманих волокнистих напівфабрикатів використовували стандартні фізико-механічні, фізико-хімічні та хімічні методи. Вихід волокнистих напівфабрикатів визначали гравіметричним методом. Для отримання математичної залежності результатів варіння від основних технологічних факторів та умов за яких проводили варіння застосовано метод математичного моделювання. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів: розроблено та запатентовано вплив умов та температурного режиму натронно-содового варіння на отримання волокнистих напівфабрикатів високого виходу із стебел ріпаку для використання його у процесі виготовлення пакувальних видів картону. Встановлено вплив температури, просочування і каталізатора на вихід та фізико-механічні показники волокнистих напівфабрикатів. Експериментально показано доцільність використання волокнистих напівф, Master's thesis: 105 p., 44 fig., 15 tab., 40 sources, 4 addition Еlevance of the theme: improvement of the raw material base of the domestic pulp and paper industry, due to the use of available alternative raw materials in the form of industrial waste from the agrarian sector of Ukraine. Relationship of work with scientific programs: plans and topics by the representatives of the association of Ukrainian pulp and paper industry Ukrpapyr and the Finnish company JakoPoyry in order to make proposals in the strategic program of development of the pulp and paper industry of Ukraine for the period till 2020. Purpose and objectives of the research: obtaining fiber high-yield semifinished products from rape stalk, for use in the process of manufacturing packaging types of paper and cardboard. Object of study: fiber semi-finished products obtained from rape stalk by cooking by sodium-sodic method. Subject of research: rape stalk, technological regimes of soda-sodic cooking. Methods of research: cooking solutions were made according to standard techniques. Acid-resistant autoclaves were used for cooking, which were loaded into a glycerine bath. Standard physic-mechanical, physic-chemical, and chemical methods were used to determine the quality indices of fibrous semi-finished products. The yield of fibrous semi-finished products was determined gravimetrically. To obtain the mathematical dependence of the cooking results on the main technological factors and conditions under which the pulping was carried out, the method of mathematical modeling was applied. Scientific novelty of the obtained results: developed and patented influence of conditions and temperature regime of sodium soda cooking on the production of fiber high-yield semifinished products of rape stalk for use in the process of manufacturing of packaging types of cardboard. The influence of temperature, impregnation and catalyst on output and the physical and mechanical parameters of fibrous semi-finished products

[ES] El objetivo del TFG es partiendo de una máquina troqueladora plana adquirida por una empresa del sector artes gráficas la cual no cumple con las medidas mínimas de seguridad establecidas en nuestro país por el RD 1215/1997, realizaré las adaptaciones y modificaciones tanto físicas del equipo para que posteriormente pueda certificar dicho equipo al RD 1215 para poder ponerla en funcionamiento y realizaré las adaptaciones documentales pertinentes ( Instrucciones de trabajo, instrucciones de seguridad, mapa de seguridades del equipo, etc..) para cumplir un Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad laboral implantado por la Empresa asegurando la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores que vayan a utilizar dicho equipo de trabajo durante su jornada laboral., [EN] The objective of the TFG is based on a flat die cutting machine acquired by a company in the graphic arts sector which does not comply with the minimum security measures established in our country by RD 1215/1997, I will make the physical adaptations and modifications of the equipment to that later certify said equipment to RD 1215 to be able to put it into operation and I will make the pertinent documentary adaptations (Work instructions, safety instructions, safety map of the equipment, etc.) to comply with a Labor Safety Management System implemented by the Company ensuring the safety and health of the workers who will use said work equipment during their working day.

[ES] El objetivo del TFG es partiendo de una máquina troqueladora plana adquirida por una empresa del sector artes gráficas la cual no cumple con las medidas mínimas de seguridad establecidas en nuestro país por el RD 1215/1997, realizaré las adaptaciones y modificaciones tanto físicas del equipo para que posteriormente pueda certificar dicho equipo al RD 1215 para poder ponerla en funcionamiento y realizaré las adaptaciones documentales pertinentes ( Instrucciones de trabajo, instrucciones de seguridad, mapa de seguridades del equipo, etc..) para cumplir un Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad laboral implantado por la Empresa asegurando la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores que vayan a utilizar dicho equipo de trabajo durante su jornada laboral., [EN] The objective of the TFG is based on a flat die cutting machine acquired by a company in the graphic arts sector which does not comply with the minimum security measures established in our country by RD 1215/1997, I will make the physical adaptations and modifications of the equipment to that later certify said equipment to RD 1215 to be able to put it into operation and I will make the pertinent documentary adaptations (Work instructions, safety instructions, safety map of the equipment, etc.) to comply with a Labor Safety Management System implemented by the Company ensuring the safety and health of the workers who will use said work equipment during their working day.

[ES] El objetivo del TFG es partiendo de una máquina troqueladora plana adquirida por una empresa del sector artes gráficas la cual no cumple con las medidas mínimas de seguridad establecidas en nuestro país por el RD 1215/1997, realizaré las adaptaciones y modificaciones tanto físicas del equipo para que posteriormente pueda certificar dicho equipo al RD 1215 para poder ponerla en funcionamiento y realizaré las adaptaciones documentales pertinentes ( Instrucciones de trabajo, instrucciones de seguridad, mapa de seguridades del equipo, etc..) para cumplir un Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad laboral implantado por la Empresa asegurando la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores que vayan a utilizar dicho equipo de trabajo durante su jornada laboral., [EN] The objective of the TFG is based on a flat die cutting machine acquired by a company in the graphic arts sector which does not comply with the minimum security measures established in our country by RD 1215/1997, I will make the physical adaptations and modifications of the equipment to that later certify said equipment to RD 1215 to be able to put it into operation and I will make the pertinent documentary adaptations (Work instructions, safety instructions, safety map of the equipment, etc.) to comply with a Labor Safety Management System implemented by the Company ensuring the safety and health of the workers who will use said work equipment during their working day.

Celestial Road es un juego de Realidad Virtual, desarrollado con el motor de Unity, que plantea retos en forma de laberintos a sus jugadores. El jugador tendrá que encontrar el camino correcto, recoger los objetos escondidos y llegar a la salida en el menor tiempo posible para lograr desbloquear el siguiente nivel y avanzar en el juego. Además, el uso de la Realidad Virtual aporta a Celestial Road un aspecto diferenciador, dando al usuario la oportunidad de adentrarse en un nuevo mundo y disfrutar de estos retos en primera persona. Para ello, el usuario solo necesitará disponer de un smartphone con Android y unas gafas de Realidad Virtual, como pueden ser las Cardboard.

A chair was designed and built through exploration of material and form. Cardboard was chosen as the main material to create the chair. Initially it was paired with concrete and a first study was developed. Cardboard and concrete as materials were too different and did not support each other. Failures in the design and material were noted which informed the next steps of the thesis. Rather than stacking the cardboard, I implemented a quarter iso-grid that required less cardboard, could create more complex forms, and was also able to interface more effectively with other materials. A chair form was designed to be tested. Ultimately, two materials were chosen to compliment the cardboard quarter iso-grid. In the first chair a fiberglass skin was used to cover the cardboard, providing lightweight structural support. The second chair used steel in place of fiberglass. Sections of the cardboard were replaced with steel. The two versions of the chair each had their strengths and weaknesses. The fiberglass was lightweight, strong, and smooth, however it was difficult to work with and the cardboard became less apparent as a part of the chair. On the other hand the steel fit into the quarter iso-grid as a rib element similar to the cardboard making the quarter iso-grid and cardboard more apparent. The steel suffered in strength due to the notches necessary for the quarter iso-grid and had to be reinforced.

Celestial Road es un juego de Realidad Virtual, desarrollado con el motor de Unity, que plantea retos en forma de laberintos a sus jugadores. El jugador tendrá que encontrar el camino correcto, recoger los objetos escondidos y llegar a la salida en el menor tiempo posible para lograr desbloquear el siguiente nivel y avanzar en el juego. Además, el uso de la Realidad Virtual aporta a Celestial Road un aspecto diferenciador, dando al usuario la oportunidad de adentrarse en un nuevo mundo y disfrutar de estos retos en primera persona. Para ello, el usuario solo necesitará disponer de un smartphone con Android y unas gafas de Realidad Virtual, como pueden ser las Cardboard.

[Abstract] In catastrophe and natural disasters situations, emergency shelters are an evident need and priority, as well as agility in transportation and construction, especially in countries without adequate structure. The shelters should be light weight and easy to build, and it is convenient to be made by the victims themselves, implying that this should be easy and self-taught. Brazil has been affected by natural disasters year after year, and part of the population, commonly low income, has been impacted by these events, while the administration and government are not efficient about the assistance provided to the victims. This paper proposes an emergency shelter for the Brazilian situation, following the recommendations of humanitarian aid institutions, using cardboard as a main constructive resource, an easy obtaining and manufacturing material in the country, low coast, and also supposing a material with high rates of recycling.

It was shown that surface impregnation of cardboard with starch, modified with an isoamylase enzyme, leads to a significant increase in the basic physical and mechanical properties of cardboard. However, when there is stuff sizing, significant improvements in strength characteristics are observed for cardboard samples impregnated with starch after enzyme treatment with amylase., Показано, что поверхностная пропитка картона крахмалом, модифицированным ферментом изоамилазой, приводит к значимому увеличению основных физико-механических показателей картона. Однако при пропитке в массе значимые улучшения прочностных характеристик наблюдаются для образцов картона, пропитанных крахмалом после обработки ферментом амилазой.

The possibility of increasing the strength characteristics of cardboard with soy isolate and wheat gluten is shown. The optimum value of the impregnation is determined., Показана возможность увеличения прочностных характеристик картона соевым изолятом и глютеном пшеничным. Определено оптимальное значение привеса пропитки.

Магістерська дисертація: 82 стор., 30 табл., 5 рис., 16 першоджерел, 2 додатка. Актуальність теми: Пов’язана з необхідністю збільшення обсягів виробництва таропакувальних видів паперу та картону для забезпечення потреб сподживачів. Зв'язок роботи з науковими програмами, планами, темами: Магістерська дисертація пов'язана з виконанням програми Асоціації українських підприємств целюлозно-паперової галузі «УкрПапір» "Розробка стратегічної програми розвитку целюлозно-паперової промисловості України на період до 2020 року". Мета дослідження: реконструкція технологічного потоку з виробництва картону тарного з поверхневим вибіленим шаром. Задачі дослідження: проаналізувати діючу технологічну схему виробництва картону тарного з поверхневим вибіленим шаром, визначити її недоліки. Запропонувати зміни в технологічному потоці. Оцінити переваги та недоліки запропонованої реконструкції. Розрахувати матеріальний баланс води та волокна, тепловий баланс. Провести розрахунки основного технологічного обладнання. Навести об’ємно-планувальне та конструктивне рішення будівлі. Навести заходи з техніку безпеки на виробництві. Розробити стартап-проект. Об’єкт дослідження: процеси підготовки та очистки макулатурної маси; формування, пресування, сушіння та оброблення картонного полотна. Предмет дослідження: технологічний потік з виробництва картону тарного з поверхневим вибіленим шаром. Методи дослідження: теоретичні (обґрунтування реконструкції технологічного потоку виробництва; вибір обладнання) та математичні (розрахунок матеріального балансу води та волокна; розрахунок теплового балансу). Практичне значення одержаних результатів: результати магістерської дисертації можуть бути впроваджені на будь-яких підприємствах паперової галузі України, які для виробництва паперової та картонної продукції використовують вторинну сировину – макулатуру. Публікації: 1) Атаманчук А., Ковальчук А., Почечун Т., Галиш В.В. Попередження забруднення стічних вод при виробництві картону тарного макулатурного // З, Master’s thesis: 82 p., 30 tabl., 5 fig., 16 primary sources, 2 annex Actuality of theme: It is related to the need to increase the volumes of production of packaging and paper and cardboard products for the needs of consumers. Connect of work with scientific programs, plans, themes: the master's thesis is related to the implementation of the program of the Association of Ukrainian Enterprises of the pulp and paper industry "UkrPapir" "Development of a strategic program for the development of the pulp and paper industry of Ukraine for the period until 2020". Purpose of the research: reconstruction of the technological flow for the production of cardboard with bleached surface layer. Tasks of the research: to analyze the current technological scheme of production cardboard with bleached surface layer, to determine its disatvantages. Propose changes in the technological flow. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed reconstruction. Calculate the material balance of water and fiber, heat balance. Conduct calculations of the main technological equipment. Bring the volume-planning and constructive solution of the building. Introduce safety engineering measures at work. Develop a startup project. The object of research: processes of preparation and cleaning of wastepaper mass; forming, pressing, drying and cardboard processing. The subject of research: technological flow of cardboard with bleached surface layer. Methods of research: theoretical (substantiation of reconstruction of technological flow of production, equipment selection) and mathematical (calculation of material balance of water and fiber, calculation of thermal balance). The practical importance of the results obtained: the results of the master's dissertation can be implemented at any enterprises of the paper industry of Ukraine, which use recycled materials – wastepaper for the production of paper and cardboard products. Publication: 1) Atamanchuk A., Kovalchuk A., Pochechun T., Halysh V.

Магістерська дисертація: стор.113, рис. 19, табл.22, першоджерел 70. Актуальність теми: покращення показників картонно-паперової продукції, завдяки використанню нового матеріалу для зміцнення фізико-механічних показників, а саме наноцелюлози, отриманої з органосольвентної льняної целюлози. Наноцелюлоза може розглядатися як зміцнююча добавка для покращення показників паперу та картону і тому в магістерський дисертації розроблена технологія одержання наноцелюлози із волокон льону і використано її для поверхневого нанесення на картон для плоских слоїв гофрокартону та додавання у композицію офсетного паперу. Зв’язок роботи з науковими програмами, планами, темами. Деякі результати досліджень отримано в процесі виконання держбюджетних науково-дослідних робіт № 2833-п "Розробка і застосування нових екологічно безпечних технологій отримання наноцелюлози, продуктів хімічних і фармацевтичних виробництв із недеревної рослинної сировини" (номер держреєстрації 0115 U 002411) та № 2002-п «Розробка екологічно більш чистих технологій одержання композиційних матеріалів на основі наноцелюлози, мікрокристалічної та оксицелюлози із вітчизняної рослинної сировини» (номер держреєстрації 0117 U 004265). Мета і задачі дослідження. Метою магістерської дисертації є одержання целюлози із волокон льону екологічно безпечними способами делігніфікації, розробка технології отримання наноцелюлози із лляної органосольвентної целюлози та застосування наноцелюлози у виробництві масових видів паперу і картону – офсетного паперу і картону для плоских шарів гофрокартону. Для досягнення вказаної мети було поставлено наступні задачі: 1. Провести аналітичний огляд літератури основних характеристик наноцелюлози, способів її виготовлення та галузей використання. 2. Проаналізувати вплив тривалості лужної обробки волокон льону на показники волокнистого напівфабрикату. 3. Одержати целюлозу із волокон льону органосольвентним способом з використанням оцтової кислоти і пероксиду водню. Дослідити вплив параметрів пр, Master’s dissertation: p.113, tabl. 22, fig. 20. Relevance of the theme: improvement of the indexes of cardboard and paper products, due to the use of new material to strengthen physical and mechanical performance, namely nanocelulose, obtained from organosolvent flax cellulose. Nanocellulose can be considered as a strengthening additive to improve the performance of paper and cardboard and therefore in the master's thesis a technology for obtaining nanocelulose from flaxseed linen has been developed and used for surface application on cardboard for flat layers of corrugated cardboard and addition to the composition of offset paper. Relationship with scientific programs, plans, themes. Some research results were obtained during the implementation of state budget research works No. 2833-p "Development and application of new environmentally safe technologies for the production of nanoceluloses, products of chemical and pharmaceutical industries from non-wood plant raw materials" (state registration number 0115 U 002411) and No. 2002-p " Development of cleaner technologies for obtaining composite materials on the basis of nanocellulose, microcrystalline and oxycellulose from domestic plant raw materials "(state registration number 0117 U 004265). The purpose and tasks of the study. The purpose of the master's thesis is to obtain organosolvent cellulose and nanocellulose from flax fiber, further obtaining cardboard for flat layers of corrugated cardboard with surface application of nanocelulose instead of sizing agents to provide the necessary indicators of its quality, and adding nanocellulose in the composition of offset paper. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: 1. To conduct an analytical review of literature on the main characteristics of nanocelulose, methods of its manufacture and areas of use. 2. To analyze the influence of the duration of alkaline processing of flax fibers on the parameters. 3. To obtain cellulose from linen fibers by an organos

[ES] La realidad virtual es una tecnología en crecimiento y actualmente se encuentra en etapas de evolución tempranas debido a su auge como plataforma de desarrollo sobre el año 2016. Con este proyecto se crea una guía de iniciación para desarrolladores con la tecnología de realidad virtual. El desarrollo que se realiza durante la guía se hace uso del motor de videojuegos Unity3D y programación en C# junto al uso de las librerías Google VR que proporciona Google, estas librerías proporcionan las herramientas necesarias para realizar el desarrollo de un proyecto en realidad virtual completo. Android es el sistema sobre el que se desarrolla el proyecto con la unión de CardBoard y Daydream que forman Google VR dando funcionalidades de ambas plataformas que confluyen en una demostración de videojuego., [CA] La realitat virtual és una tecnologia en creixement i actualment es troba en etapes d'evolució primerenques a causa del seu auge com a plataforma de desenrotllament sobre l'any 2016. Amb este projecte es crega una guia d'iniciació per a desenvolupadors amb la tecnologia de realitat virtual. El desenrotllament que es realitza durant la guia es fa ús del motor de videojocs Unity3D i programació en C# junt amb l'ús de les llibreries Google VR que proporciona Google, estes llibreries proporcionen les ferramentes necessàries per a realitzar el desenrotllament d'un projecte en realitat virtual complet. Android és el sistema sobre el qual es desenrotlla el projecte amb la unió de CardBoard i Daydream que formen Google VR donant funcionalitats d'ambdós plataformes que confluïxen en una demostració de videojoc., [EN] Virtual reality is a growing technology and is currently in early stages of evolution due to its boom as a development platform on 2016. With this project, an initiation guide for developers with virtual reality technology is created. The development carried out during the guide is made using the Unity3D video game engine and programming in C# along with the use of the Google VR libraries provided by Google, these libraries provide the necessary tools to carry out the development of a complete virtual reality project. Android is the system on which the project is developed with the union of CardBoard and Daydream that form Google VR giving functionalities of both platforms that come together in a videogame demonstration.