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Digitaliseringen påverkar vardagslivet och arbetslivet, ofta med löften om effektivare arbete och levnadssätt. Samtidigt innebär digitaliseringen omfattande påfrestningar genom kontinuerlig teknisk utveckling, där de framväxande artificiell intelligens (AI) och automatisering ingår. För digitaliseringen av samhällsbyggnadsprocessen har kommunernas utveckling släpat efter befintliga tekniker, samtidigt som riktlinjer poängterar behovet av innovation. Vår studie syftar till att synliggöra utövarna, kommunala tjänstepersoners, föreställningar om AI och automatisering roll som tekniker i samhällsplanering. Studien empiri utgörs av sex kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer vilka analyseras utifrån sociotekniska föreställningar, användare och användarcentrering för att utläsa relationen mellan teknik och tjänsteperson. Resultatet visar att tjänstepersoner innehar en passiv attityd om AI inom planering på grund av obefintlig praxis, medan relationen till automatisering framställs som mer etablerad och bekant. Tjänstepersoner talar om framtiden med försiktig optimism, och framhåller en begränsning i teknikernas kapacitet att hantera mjuka värden men att potential återfinns i stödet till komprimerade processer inom planering., Digitalization impacts both daily life and the workplace, often promising increased efficiency in work and lifestyles. Yet, it also poses considerable challenges as technology continues to advance, especially with artificial intelligence (AI) and automation as emerging technologies. For the digitalization of the urban planning process, municipal progress has fallen behind existing technologies, despite guidelines highlighting the importance of innovation. Our study aims to uncover the perspectives of municipal officials on the roles of AI and automation in urban planning. Through six qualitative interviews, we analyze socio-technical perceptions and user-centered approaches to understand the relationship between technology and practitioners. The findings reveal a passive stance towards AI in planning, attributed to a lack of established practices, while the relationship with automation appears established and familiar. Looking ahead, practitioners express cautious optimism, acknowledging limitations in technology's ability to address human values but recognizing its potential to support streamlined processes.

Digitaliseringen påverkar vardagslivet och arbetslivet, ofta med löften om effektivare arbete och levnadssätt. Samtidigt innebär digitaliseringen omfattande påfrestningar genom kontinuerlig teknisk utveckling, där de framväxande artificiell intelligens (AI) och automatisering ingår. För digitaliseringen av samhällsbyggnadsprocessen har kommunernas utveckling släpat efter befintliga tekniker, samtidigt som riktlinjer poängterar behovet av innovation. Vår studie syftar till att synliggöra utövarna, kommunala tjänstepersoners, föreställningar om AI och automatisering roll som tekniker i samhällsplanering. Studien empiri utgörs av sex kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer vilka analyseras utifrån sociotekniska föreställningar, användare och användarcentrering för att utläsa relationen mellan teknik och tjänsteperson. Resultatet visar att tjänstepersoner innehar en passiv attityd om AI inom planering på grund av obefintlig praxis, medan relationen till automatisering framställs som mer etablerad och bekant. Tjänstepersoner talar om framtiden med försiktig optimism, och framhåller en begränsning i teknikernas kapacitet att hantera mjuka värden men att potential återfinns i stödet till komprimerade processer inom planering., Digitalization impacts both daily life and the workplace, often promising increased efficiency in work and lifestyles. Yet, it also poses considerable challenges as technology continues to advance, especially with artificial intelligence (AI) and automation as emerging technologies. For the digitalization of the urban planning process, municipal progress has fallen behind existing technologies, despite guidelines highlighting the importance of innovation. Our study aims to uncover the perspectives of municipal officials on the roles of AI and automation in urban planning. Through six qualitative interviews, we analyze socio-technical perceptions and user-centered approaches to understand the relationship between technology and practitioners. The findings reveal a passive stance towards AI in planning, attributed to a lack of established practices, while the relationship with automation appears established and familiar. Looking ahead, practitioners express cautious optimism, acknowledging limitations in technology's ability to address human values but recognizing its potential to support streamlined processes.

In the world of mobile applications, there is no lack of frameworks and languages to use for development. One of the most used frameworks is React Native, which builds on React for web browsers. The React Native framework allows the developer to write the application in JavaScript, and run the application on iOS or Android devices. As the market for mobile applications expands, the time it takes to develop an application is under pressure, and a framework allowing for one codebase for two applications can save time and money. Deedster is a company that provides a mobile application where the user can learn about climate change and perform small tasks, deeds, that give a positive impact on the environment. A common request from the users is the automatization of completion of deeds. This thesis creates two implementations of a QR-code scanning application for completion of deeds, one with Swift and one with React Native, and compares the experiences during development and the results of the implementation. The evaluation uses both a quantitative and a qualitative analysis. The produced application fulfilled most of the requirements, including the scanning of a QR-code to open the application, an authentication process and the completion of a deed with confirmation for the user. The execution times for the two implementations did not differ largely, but the measurements of the application launch time proved flawed in design due to the difference in measurement technique between the two implementations. When it came to the development process, the React Native framework provided major difficulties with configuration and dependencies, resulting in difficulties when locating the source of errors. The launching process for the Swift application required some manual configurations that proved difficult such as creating certificates, while the React Native implementation used Expo to convert the project to a launchable file format which created all required files for the de, För applikationsutveckling för mobiler finns det en uppsjö av språk och ramverk för att underlätta utvecklingsprocessen. Ett av de vanligaste ramverken är React Native som bygger på React för webbläsare. React Native-ramverket låter utvecklare skriva koden i JavaScript, men köra applikationen på både iOS- och Android-enheter. I takt med att marknaden för mobilapplikationer växer, sätts det högre press på kortare utvecklingsfaser och snabbare lansering. För att underlätta processen och spara tid och pengar kan React Native vara en bra lösning. Deedster är ett företag som erbjuder en mobilapplikation där användaren kan lära sig om klimatförändringar och utföra små uppdrag, deeds, som ger en positiv påverkan på klimatet. En vanlig förfrågan från användare är ett sätt att automatisera avklarandet av deeds. Den här uppsatsen skapar två implementationer av en applikation som scannar en QR-kod för att markera en deed som avklarad. Den ena byggs med Swift och den andra med React Native och syftar till att jämföra utvecklingsprocessen och den resulterande applikationen. Evalueringen sker med både en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ analys. Den färdiga applikationen uppfyllde de flesta kraven som Deedster ställt, inklusive att appen öppnas genom att scanna en QR-kod, en användare kan autentisera sig, klicka för att markera en deed som klar och få bekräftelse från appen om att det är klart. Exekveringstiderna för de två implementationerna varierade inte märkbart, men mätningarna för starttiden för applikationerna visade sig bristfällig då mättekniken för de två apparna inte blev jämförbar. Gällande utvecklingsprocessen resulterade användandet av React Native i stora problem med konfigurationer och versionskompatibilitet vilket gjorde felsökning svårt. Lanseringsprocessen för Swift-appen krävde en del manuell konfigurering med till exempel certifikat, medan React Native implementationen använde Expo för att konvertera React Native-projektet till ett lanserbart filformat som skapad

Medication adherence can be vital for one's health, especially in older adults. However, previous research has demonstrated that medication adherence is negatively affected by age-related cognitive decline. In the current study we investigated whether older adults are able to compensate for this decline by relying more on the formation of efficient, automatized routines. To this end, we directly compared daily (placebo) medication adherence in a healthy sample of 68 younger (18-29 years) and 63 older adults (65-86 years) over a period of 4 weeks. We show that despite an age-related decline in cognitive functions (i.e., poorer working memory, prospective memory, task switching, and goal-directed control), older adults adhered better to a daily pill intake routine than younger adults did and, in line with our hypothesis about increased routine formation, reported higher subjective automaticity of pill intake. Across age groups, automatization of pill intake was related to intake regularity and conscientiousness, but not to individual differences in habit tendency as measured in the lab nor to explicit strategic planning. Crucially, the age-related increase in pill intake adherence was mediated by experienced automatization as well as motivation. These findings demonstrate that intact habitual processes and high motivation aid older adults in successfully forming daily routines.

Theheighteneduseofautomatizationindifferentmarketshasmadeahugeimpactformany differenttypesofcompaniesthatwanttotakeadvantageofthetechnicalachievementsto remaincompetitiveinthemarket.Automatizationhasmanydifferentaspects,makingit importantforcompaniestodeeplyanalyzetheorganizationalstructureandcurrent operativecapacitytodecideifautomatizationcansatisfytheircurrentandfutureneeds.Itis alsoimportanttodevelopeffectiveinvestmentcalculationstocorrectlyassesstheviability ofautomatization.Thisstudyaimstoexploretheeffectsofautomatization,specificallyin fieldsincompanieslikeeconomy,competence,ergonomicsandefficiency,aswellas understandingwhichmethodsandcriteriasAteaLogisticsABusesinassessinginvestment ofautomatedcharacterandwhatriskstheseinvestmentscanpotentiallyhaveinthework environment.Thisisdonebycomparingthetheoryofthesedifferentconceptswiththe empiricalevidenceprovidedbythecompany.Byanalyzingempiricalevidencewiththe literature,thisstudyaimstogiveinsightsonthedifferenteffectsthatautomatizationcan havebasedondifferentparameters., Denökadeanvändningenavautomatiseringpåolikamarknaderharhaftstorbetydelseför mångaolikatyperavföretagsomvilldrafördelavdetekniskalandvinningarnaförattförbli konkurrenskraftigapåmarknaden.Automatiseringharmångaolikaaspekter,vilketgördet viktigtförföretagattdjupgåendeanalyseraorganisationsstrukturenochnuvarandeoperativa kapacitetförattavgöraomautomatiseringkantillgodosederasnuvarandeochframtida behov.Detärocksåviktigtattutvecklaeffektivainvesteringskalkylerförattkorrektbedöma automatiseringenslönsamhet.Dennastudiesyftartillattutforskaeffekternaav automatisering,specifiktinomområdeniföretagsomekonomi,kompetens,ergonomioch effektivitet,samtförståvilkametoderochkriterierAteaLogisticsABanvänderföratt bedömainvesteringaravautomatiseradkaraktärochvilkariskerdessainvesteringar potentielltkanha.iarbetsmiljön.Dettagörsgenomattjämförateorinfördessaolika begreppmeddeempiriskabevissomföretagettillhandahåller.Genomattanalyseraempiri medlitteraturensyftardennastudietillattgeinsikteromdeolikaeffektersom automatiseringkanhautifrånolikaparametrar.

Datum: 2023-05-31 Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i Företagsekonomi Akademi: Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalen Universitet Författare: Nancy Jacob, Osama Mahmoud Ahmed, Thanojitha Selvanayagam (990101) (001212) (970719) Titel: Den konstanta digitaliseringen av arbetsrollen redovisningskonsult Handledare: Zelalem Abay Nyckelord: Redovisningskonsulternas arbete, bokföringsprogram, digitalisering, automatisering, och molnbaserade databaser. Forskningsfråga: Hur har digitiseringen och digitaliseringen av redovisningskonsultens arbete påverkat arbetsprocessen, kompetenskraven och intressenter? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att få en bild på hur arbetet som redovisningskonsult ser ut idag och digitaliseringens påverkan för yrkesrollen. Med en arbetsmarknad som konstant ändras och utvecklas kan det vara svårt att begripa de väsentliga aspekterna bakom yrket. Detta arbete ska undersöka vad som behövs för att vara en modern redovisningskonsult och de essentiella aspekterna bakom arbetet. Metod: I denna studie användes en kvalitativ metod för undersökningen och insamlingen av empiriska materialet har genomförts med hjälp av nio semistrukturerade intervjuer som bygger på förutbestämda frågor. I studien har författarna utgått från en deduktiv process, vilket betyder att både teori och hypotes används för att utforma studiens forskningsfråga. Slutsats: Genom digitaliseringen blir redovisningskonsultens arbete mer automatiserat vilket resulterar i att rollen blir mer inriktad mot rådgivning. Dessutom har digitaliseringen gjort kundrelationer mycket enklare och smidigare. Den moderna redovisningskonsulten ska ha tillräckligt med kompetens både inom teori och IT för att kunna hantera de digitala verktygen som Fortnox och Visma. Konsulten behöver inte bära högre kunskap inom IT som exempelvis en programmerare., Date: 2023-05-31 Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration Institution: School of business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors: Nancy Jacob, Osama Mahmoud Ahmed, Thanojitha Selvanayagam ( 99/01/01) ( 00/12/12) ( 97/07/19) Title: The constant digitalization of the work role accounting consultant Supervisor: Zelalem Abay Keywords: Accounting consultants work, accounting programs, digitalization, automatization, and cloud-based database Research question: How has the digitization and digitalization of the accounting consultants work affected the work process, skill requirements and stakeholders? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand what the work of an accounting consultant looks like today and the impact of digitalization on the professional role. It can be difficult to understand the essential aspects behind the profession in a job market that is constantly changing and developing. This study aims to examine what is needed to be a modern accounting consultant and the essential aspects behind the work. Method: In this study, a qualitative method has been applied and the retrieval of empirical data has been conducted by nine semi-structured interviews based on predetermined questions. A deductive research approach has been applied, which means that both theory and hypothesis are used to design the study's research question. Conclusion: With digitalization, the work of the accounting consultant is automated and this results in the work of accounting consultants becoming more focused on advisory services. In addition, digitalization has made customer relations much simpler and smoother. The modern accounting consultant should have sufficient theoretical and IT knowledge to handle digital tools such as Fortnox, Visma, etc. However, having the same qualifications as, for example, programmers are not required.

Rapporten presenterar ett examensarbete vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, utfört på ett företag i skylttillverkningsindustrin. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka om produktionen på det uppdragsgivande företaget kan effektiviseras genom att ersätta ett manuellt arbetsmoment med en automatiserad lösning i form av en mjukvara. Det undersöks även om, och i sådant fall hur stora förbättringar som kan göras i processen sett till ekonomisk, ekologisk och social hållbarhet. Genom att undersöka marknadens utbud av mjukvaror för nesting och jämföra mjukvarornas egenskaper mot definierade krav kunde en handfull mjukvaror konstateras vara relevanta. Testprogramvaror begärdes för dessa, och i de fall de erhölls så testades mjukvarorna på rådata från projekt som företaget tidigare tillverkat i syfte att jämföra resultaten. Skillnaderna i resultat beräknades och jämfördes med resultaten av det manuella arbetssättet. Det konstaterades att användning av den bäst presterande mjukvaran kan spara företaget i snitt 481 kronor per projekt i minskad material- och tidsåtgång. Vidare beräknades att företaget hade kunnat spara drygt 28 kg material på de fem projekten som tillverkades i aluminium, för vilka bara återvinningen hade kostat ca 2,25 kg koldioxidekvivalenter per projekt. Nyproduktionen av denna aluminium uppskattas motsvara mellan 16,6 – 36,2 kg koldioxidekvivalenter per projekt., This paper presents a bachelors thesis at the Royal Institute of Technology, performed at a company in the sign manufacturing industry. The aim of the thesis is to investigate if the production at the company can be made more effective by replacing a part of the process that requires manual work with an automated solution in the form of a software. It is also investigated whether changes in the process can result in improvements in economical, ecological and social sustainability, and in that case the greatness of the improvements. By conducting market research of nesting software and comparing the properties of the software to pre-determined requirements, a handful of different software were considered potentially applicable. Software for testing were requested for these, and tests were conducted with those that were obtained. The tests were conducted on raw data from previously manufactured projects at the company in order to compare the results. The differences in results were calculated and compared with those of the manual process. It was concluded that the top performing software could render the company an average of 481 kronor saved per project in terms of time saved and material usage. Furthermore, calculations showed that the company could have saved over 28 kg worth of material for the five projects where aluminium was used. For these projects, the recycling of the aluminium would be equivalent to 2,25 kg carbon dioxide equivalents per kg, per project. The production of new aluminium for these projects would equate to an estimated 16,6 – 36,2 kg carbon dioxide equivalents per kg, per project.

Rapporten presenterar ett examensarbete vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, utfört på ett företag i skylttillverkningsindustrin. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka om produktionen på det uppdragsgivande företaget kan effektiviseras genom att ersätta ett manuellt arbetsmoment med en automatiserad lösning i form av en mjukvara. Det undersöks även om, och i sådant fall hur stora förbättringar som kan göras i processen sett till ekonomisk, ekologisk och social hållbarhet. Genom att undersöka marknadens utbud av mjukvaror för nesting och jämföra mjukvarornas egenskaper mot definierade krav kunde en handfull mjukvaror konstateras vara relevanta. Testprogramvaror begärdes för dessa, och i de fall de erhölls så testades mjukvarorna på rådata från projekt som företaget tidigare tillverkat i syfte att jämföra resultaten. Skillnaderna i resultat beräknades och jämfördes med resultaten av det manuella arbetssättet. Det konstaterades att användning av den bäst presterande mjukvaran kan spara företaget i snitt 481 kronor per projekt i minskad material- och tidsåtgång. Vidare beräknades att företaget hade kunnat spara drygt 28 kg material på de fem projekten som tillverkades i aluminium, för vilka bara återvinningen hade kostat ca 2,25 kg koldioxidekvivalenter per projekt. Nyproduktionen av denna aluminium uppskattas motsvara mellan 16,6 – 36,2 kg koldioxidekvivalenter per projekt., This paper presents a bachelors thesis at the Royal Institute of Technology, performed at a company in the sign manufacturing industry. The aim of the thesis is to investigate if the production at the company can be made more effective by replacing a part of the process that requires manual work with an automated solution in the form of a software. It is also investigated whether changes in the process can result in improvements in economical, ecological and social sustainability, and in that case the greatness of the improvements. By conducting market research of nesting software and comparing the properties of the software to pre-determined requirements, a handful of different software were considered potentially applicable. Software for testing were requested for these, and tests were conducted with those that were obtained. The tests were conducted on raw data from previously manufactured projects at the company in order to compare the results. The differences in results were calculated and compared with those of the manual process. It was concluded that the top performing software could render the company an average of 481 kronor saved per project in terms of time saved and material usage. Furthermore, calculations showed that the company could have saved over 28 kg worth of material for the five projects where aluminium was used. For these projects, the recycling of the aluminium would be equivalent to 2,25 kg carbon dioxide equivalents per kg, per project. The production of new aluminium for these projects would equate to an estimated 16,6 – 36,2 kg carbon dioxide equivalents per kg, per project.

Digitaliseringen betraktas som en transformerande kraft i samhället med en betydande inverkan på revisionsbranschen. Revisionsarbetet utvecklas alltmer till att ske digitalt. Tidigare forskning har framhållit att revisorernas kompetensbehov har förändrats på grund av den tekniska utvecklingen. Revisionen har fungerat som en kontrollerande insats som säkerställer att den finansiella informationen är tillförlitlig. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen på hur digitaliseringen har förändrat revisorns arbetssätt. För att besvara syftet har studien använt en kvalitativ metod där åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med auktoriserade revisorer utfördes, från både mindre och större revisionsbyråer. Den teoretiska referensramen och empirin följer en struktur av revisionsprocess, digitalisering och kompetensbehov. Resultaten visar att digitaliseringen har haft en positiv inverkan på branschen och att effektivitet är en av dess främsta fördelar. Respondenterna upplever att digitaliseringen har förbättrat revisionsprocessen då arbetsutförandet har effektiviserats genom den ökade användningen av digitala verktyg. Vidare visar studien att det finns positiva konsekvenser av digitaliseringen inom revision. I enlighet med detta hävdar revisorerna i denna studie att digitala verktyg enbart bör betraktas som hjälpmedel vid revision. Respondenterna efterfrågar även att International Standards on Auditing, ISA, uppdateras för att bättre anpassas till den digitala utvecklingen, utan att hämma företagets förmåga att implementera nya tekniker. Slutsatsen av studien visar på möjligheter till att en ökad användning av digitalisering i revisionsprocessen kan leda till förbättrad revisionskvalité., The process of digital transformations is regarded as game-changing power in the community, affecting the audit sector considerably. Digitalization is rapidly transforming the nature of audit work. Prior studies have emphasized that technological advancements have altered the competencies required of auditors. The primary function of the audit is to guarantee the credibility of financial data. The audit sector is one among others that is continually evolving in response to digitalization. The aim of the study is to enhance the comprehension of how the process of digitalization has transformed the approach of auditors towards their work. To achieve this aim, a qualitative method was used, in which eight certified auditors were interviewed through semi-structured means, from both smaller and larger audit organizations. The theoretical framework and empirical data follow a structure of audit process, digitalization, and competence needs. The analysis is grounded on the participants’ responses and relevant theory. The results indicate that the digitalization has yielded favorable outcomes for the industry, with enhanced efficiency being a significant benefit, and the respondents opine that the audit process has been enhanced by the adoption of digital technologies, leading to a more streamlined work execution. Nonetheless, the study indicates that digitalization in auditing has both advantageous and disadvantageous outcomes. The auditors opine that drawbacks of digitalization can be remedied by implementing conventional audit techniques. Therefore, the auditors participating in this study contend that digital instruments must only be deemed as auxiliary aids to auditing. The participants additionally urge for the modernization of International Standards on Auditing, ISA, to effectively accommodate digital advancements, while not hampering the organization's capacity to implement new technologies. The conclusion of the study reveals that a higher utilization of digitali

There is an increasing interest and growing practice in Citizen Science (CS) that goes along with the usage of websites for communication as well as for capturing and processing data and materials. From an educational perspective, it is expected that by integrating information about CS in a formal educational setting, it will inspire teachers to create learning activities. This is an interesting case for using bots to automate the process of data extraction from online CS platforms to better understand its use in educational contexts. Although this information is publicly available, it has to follow GDPR rules. This paper aims to explain (1) how CS communicates and is promoted on websites, (2) how web scraping methods and anonymization techniques have been designed, developed and applied to collect information from online sources and (3) how these data could be used for educational purposes. After the analysis of 72 websites, some of the results obtained show that only 24.8% includes detailed information about the CS project and 48.61% includes information about educational purposes or materials., El interés y la práctica de la ciencia ciudadana (CC) ha aumentado en los últimos años. Esto ha derivado en el uso de páginas web como herramienta de comunicación, recolección o análisis datos o repositorio materiales y recursos. Desde una perspectiva educativa, se espera que al integrar información sobre proyectos de CC en un entorno educativo formal, se inspire a los maestros a crear actividades de aprendizaje. Este, es un caso interesante para usar bots que automaticen el proceso de extracción de datos de webs de CC que ayuden a comprender mejor su uso en contextos educativos. Aunque esta información está disponible públicamente, se deben seguir las reglas de la ley de protección de datos o GDPR. Este artículo tiene como objetivo explicar: 1) cómo la CC se comunica y promueve en los sitios web; 2) cómo se diseñan, desarrollan y aplican los métodos de web scraping y las técnicas de anonimización para recopilar información en línea; y 3) cómo se podrían usar estos datos con fines educativos. Tras el análisis de 72 webs algunos de los resultados son que solo el 24,8% incluye información detallada sobre el proyecto, y el 48,61% incluye información sobre propósitos o materiales educativos.

In the current business context, it is common to find companies that choose not to have their own warehouse or simply do not want to manage this part of their business internally. For this reason, many of them delegate the responsibility of storage and inventory management to specialized companies in these services. However, to achieve an efficient integration of processes between your company and this external warehouse, it is crucial to implement systems that enable smooth and effective communication. This communication is established through specific protocols that facilitate the exchange of relevant business messages. This is where companies in the IT sector play a fundamental role, providing solutions that promote efficient integration between the company and its external warehouses., En el contexto empresarial actual, es frecuente encontrar empresas que optan por no tener un almacén propio o que simplemente no les interesa gestionar esta parte de su negocio internamente. Es por este motivo que muchas de ellas delegarán la responsabilidad del almacenamiento y la gestión del inventario a empresas especializadas en estos servicios. Ahora bien, para lograr una integración eficiente de procesos entre su empresa y este almacén externo, es crucial implementar sistemas que permitan una comunicación fluida y eficaz. Esta comunicación se establece mediante protocolos específicos que facilitan el intercambio de mensajes empresariales relevantes. Aquí es donde las empresas del sector TIC juegan un papel fundamental, proporcionando soluciones que favorecen una integración eficiente entre la empresa y sus almacenes externos., En el context empresarial actual, és freqüent trobar empreses que optin per no tenir un magatzem propi o que simplement no els interessi gestionar aquesta part del seu negoci internament. És per aquest motiu que, moltes d'elles delegaran la responsabilitat de l'emmagatzematge i la gestió de l'inventari a empreses especialitzades en aquests serveis. Ara bé, per aconseguir una eficient integració de processos entre la seva empresa i aquest magatzem extern, és crucial implementar sistemes que permetin una comunicació fluïda i eficaç. Aquesta comunicació s'estableix mitjançant protocols específics que faciliten l'intercanvi de missatges empresarials rellevants. Aquí és on les empreses del sector TIC juguen un paper fonamental, proporcionant solucions que afavoreixen una integració eficient entre l'empresa i els seus magatzems externs.

In the world of mobile applications, there is no lack of frameworks and languages to use for development. One of the most used frameworks is React Native, which builds on React for web browsers. The React Native framework allows the developer to write the application in JavaScript, and run the application on iOS or Android devices. As the market for mobile applications expands, the time it takes to develop an application is under pressure, and a framework allowing for one codebase for two applications can save time and money. Deedster is a company that provides a mobile application where the user can learn about climate change and perform small tasks, deeds, that give a positive impact on the environment. A common request from the users is the automatization of completion of deeds. This thesis creates two implementations of a QR-code scanning application for completion of deeds, one with Swift and one with React Native, and compares the experiences during development and the results of the implementation. The evaluation uses both a quantitative and a qualitative analysis. The produced application fulfilled most of the requirements, including the scanning of a QR-code to open the application, an authentication process and the completion of a deed with confirmation for the user. The execution times for the two implementations did not differ largely, but the measurements of the application launch time proved flawed in design due to the difference in measurement technique between the two implementations. When it came to the development process, the React Native framework provided major difficulties with configuration and dependencies, resulting in difficulties when locating the source of errors. The launching process for the Swift application required some manual configurations that proved difficult such as creating certificates, while the React Native implementation used Expo to convert the project to a launchable file format which created all required files for the de, För applikationsutveckling för mobiler finns det en uppsjö av språk och ramverk för att underlätta utvecklingsprocessen. Ett av de vanligaste ramverken är React Native som bygger på React för webbläsare. React Native-ramverket låter utvecklare skriva koden i JavaScript, men köra applikationen på både iOS- och Android-enheter. I takt med att marknaden för mobilapplikationer växer, sätts det högre press på kortare utvecklingsfaser och snabbare lansering. För att underlätta processen och spara tid och pengar kan React Native vara en bra lösning. Deedster är ett företag som erbjuder en mobilapplikation där användaren kan lära sig om klimatförändringar och utföra små uppdrag, deeds, som ger en positiv påverkan på klimatet. En vanlig förfrågan från användare är ett sätt att automatisera avklarandet av deeds. Den här uppsatsen skapar två implementationer av en applikation som scannar en QR-kod för att markera en deed som avklarad. Den ena byggs med Swift och den andra med React Native och syftar till att jämföra utvecklingsprocessen och den resulterande applikationen. Evalueringen sker med både en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ analys. Den färdiga applikationen uppfyllde de flesta kraven som Deedster ställt, inklusive att appen öppnas genom att scanna en QR-kod, en användare kan autentisera sig, klicka för att markera en deed som klar och få bekräftelse från appen om att det är klart. Exekveringstiderna för de två implementationerna varierade inte märkbart, men mätningarna för starttiden för applikationerna visade sig bristfällig då mättekniken för de två apparna inte blev jämförbar. Gällande utvecklingsprocessen resulterade användandet av React Native i stora problem med konfigurationer och versionskompatibilitet vilket gjorde felsökning svårt. Lanseringsprocessen för Swift-appen krävde en del manuell konfigurering med till exempel certifikat, medan React Native implementationen använde Expo för att konvertera React Native-projektet till ett lanserbart filformat som skapad

Digitaliseringen betraktas som en transformerande kraft i samhället med en betydande inverkan på revisionsbranschen. Revisionsarbetet utvecklas alltmer till att ske digitalt. Tidigare forskning har framhållit att revisorernas kompetensbehov har förändrats på grund av den tekniska utvecklingen. Revisionen har fungerat som en kontrollerande insats som säkerställer att den finansiella informationen är tillförlitlig. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen på hur digitaliseringen har förändrat revisorns arbetssätt. För att besvara syftet har studien använt en kvalitativ metod där åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med auktoriserade revisorer utfördes, från både mindre och större revisionsbyråer. Den teoretiska referensramen och empirin följer en struktur av revisionsprocess, digitalisering och kompetensbehov. Resultaten visar att digitaliseringen har haft en positiv inverkan på branschen och att effektivitet är en av dess främsta fördelar. Respondenterna upplever att digitaliseringen har förbättrat revisionsprocessen då arbetsutförandet har effektiviserats genom den ökade användningen av digitala verktyg. Vidare visar studien att det finns positiva konsekvenser av digitaliseringen inom revision. I enlighet med detta hävdar revisorerna i denna studie att digitala verktyg enbart bör betraktas som hjälpmedel vid revision. Respondenterna efterfrågar även att International Standards on Auditing, ISA, uppdateras för att bättre anpassas till den digitala utvecklingen, utan att hämma företagets förmåga att implementera nya tekniker. Slutsatsen av studien visar på möjligheter till att en ökad användning av digitalisering i revisionsprocessen kan leda till förbättrad revisionskvalité., The process of digital transformations is regarded as game-changing power in the community, affecting the audit sector considerably. Digitalization is rapidly transforming the nature of audit work. Prior studies have emphasized that technological advancements have altered the competencies required of auditors. The primary function of the audit is to guarantee the credibility of financial data. The audit sector is one among others that is continually evolving in response to digitalization. The aim of the study is to enhance the comprehension of how the process of digitalization has transformed the approach of auditors towards their work. To achieve this aim, a qualitative method was used, in which eight certified auditors were interviewed through semi-structured means, from both smaller and larger audit organizations. The theoretical framework and empirical data follow a structure of audit process, digitalization, and competence needs. The analysis is grounded on the participants’ responses and relevant theory. The results indicate that the digitalization has yielded favorable outcomes for the industry, with enhanced efficiency being a significant benefit, and the respondents opine that the audit process has been enhanced by the adoption of digital technologies, leading to a more streamlined work execution. Nonetheless, the study indicates that digitalization in auditing has both advantageous and disadvantageous outcomes. The auditors opine that drawbacks of digitalization can be remedied by implementing conventional audit techniques. Therefore, the auditors participating in this study contend that digital instruments must only be deemed as auxiliary aids to auditing. The participants additionally urge for the modernization of International Standards on Auditing, ISA, to effectively accommodate digital advancements, while not hampering the organization's capacity to implement new technologies. The conclusion of the study reveals that a higher utilization of digitali

Theheighteneduseofautomatizationindifferentmarketshasmadeahugeimpactformany differenttypesofcompaniesthatwanttotakeadvantageofthetechnicalachievementsto remaincompetitiveinthemarket.Automatizationhasmanydifferentaspects,makingit importantforcompaniestodeeplyanalyzetheorganizationalstructureandcurrent operativecapacitytodecideifautomatizationcansatisfytheircurrentandfutureneeds.Itis alsoimportanttodevelopeffectiveinvestmentcalculationstocorrectlyassesstheviability ofautomatization.Thisstudyaimstoexploretheeffectsofautomatization,specificallyin fieldsincompanieslikeeconomy,competence,ergonomicsandefficiency,aswellas understandingwhichmethodsandcriteriasAteaLogisticsABusesinassessinginvestment ofautomatedcharacterandwhatriskstheseinvestmentscanpotentiallyhaveinthework environment.Thisisdonebycomparingthetheoryofthesedifferentconceptswiththe empiricalevidenceprovidedbythecompany.Byanalyzingempiricalevidencewiththe literature,thisstudyaimstogiveinsightsonthedifferenteffectsthatautomatizationcan havebasedondifferentparameters., Denökadeanvändningenavautomatiseringpåolikamarknaderharhaftstorbetydelseför mångaolikatyperavföretagsomvilldrafördelavdetekniskalandvinningarnaförattförbli konkurrenskraftigapåmarknaden.Automatiseringharmångaolikaaspekter,vilketgördet viktigtförföretagattdjupgåendeanalyseraorganisationsstrukturenochnuvarandeoperativa kapacitetförattavgöraomautomatiseringkantillgodosederasnuvarandeochframtida behov.Detärocksåviktigtattutvecklaeffektivainvesteringskalkylerförattkorrektbedöma automatiseringenslönsamhet.Dennastudiesyftartillattutforskaeffekternaav automatisering,specifiktinomområdeniföretagsomekonomi,kompetens,ergonomioch effektivitet,samtförståvilkametoderochkriterierAteaLogisticsABanvänderföratt bedömainvesteringaravautomatiseradkaraktärochvilkariskerdessainvesteringar potentielltkanha.iarbetsmiljön.Dettagörsgenomattjämförateorinfördessaolika begreppmeddeempiriskabevissomföretagettillhandahåller.Genomattanalyseraempiri medlitteraturensyftardennastudietillattgeinsikteromdeolikaeffektersom automatiseringkanhautifrånolikaparametrar.

Low-field time-domain proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an attractive and powerful tool for studying the structure and dynamics of elastomers. The existence of crosslinks and other topological constraints in rubber matrices (entanglements and filler¿rubber interactions, among others) renders the fast segmental fluctuations of the polymeric chains non-isotropic, obtaining nonzero residual dipolar couplings, which is the main observable of MQ-NMR experiments. A new software, Multiple quantum nuclear magnetic resonance analyzer for Elastomeric Networks v2 (MEW2), provides a new tool to facilitate the study of the molecular structure of elastomeric materials. This program quantitatively analyzes two different sets of experimental data obtained in the same experiment, which are dominated by multiple-quantum coherence and polymer dynamics. The proper quantification of non-coupled network defects (dangling chain ends, loops, etc.) allows the analyzer to normalize the multiple quantum intensity, obtaining a build-up curve that contains the structural information without any influence from the rubber dynamics. Finally, it provides the spatial distribution of crosslinks using a fast Tikhonov regularization process based on a statistical criterion. As a general trend, this study provides an automatic solution to a tedious procedure of analysis, demonstrating a new tool that accelerates the calculations of network structure using 1H MQ-NMR low-field time-domain experiments for elastomeric compounds.

In the interdisciplinary field of green space health research, there is a demand to reduce the effort to assess green space, especially for non-spatial disciplines. To address this issue, we developed AID-PRIGSHARE, an open-source script that automates over 400 QGIS processes to substantially reduces the time-intensive task of generating green space indicators. AID-PRIGSHARE calculates greenness, public green space, access to green infrastructure, and green space uses within distances of 100–1500 m around geolocations. This substantially reduces the effort for sensitivity analysis and may provide support for research that aims to understand the impact of different green space features and distances on health outcomes., Heritage & Architecture, Environmental Technology and Design

Treball desenvolupat en el marc del programa "European Project Semester"., Incorporation of new raw materials in the existing warehouse and elimination of intermediate buffers for production storage, to locate new machinery. By eliminating Kanban’s factory of raw materials of large consumption or use, ensure the efficiency of the factory during 3 production shifts and 2 warehouse shifts (ensure raw material for production during the night shift). AkzoNobel, a Dutch multinational with 30 manufacturing plants and 125 warehouses located across Europe, is the subject of this project. The focus will be on the Vilafranca del Pendès warehouse, which currently employs manual tools in certain manufacturing processes. The company has encountered limitations in its production line and requires significant changes to enhance its capacity. The project aims to improve the company through four fundamental concepts: efficiency, sustainability, competitiveness, and effectiveness. These concepts are closely associated with the main objective of this project, which can also be defined as: Increasing efficiency by automating production. Implementing automation can be a crucial step toward achieving better outcomes. By using automated multi-stations instead of relying on human resources only, labor costs and risks can be minimized and at the same time achieve much higher production outputs. This reduction in costs and human resource requirements also opens up new opportunities for future development within the company. To remain competitive in the industry, it is essential to make changes that will benefit the future of the company. As this famous naval saying by John Paul Jones, “Those Who Do Not Risk Cannot Win”. The purpose of this report is to showcase the AkzoNobel team’s work during the first part of the EPS on automating production. The report starts with an overview of the company’s background, their state of the art to see what they have achieved, benchmarking with other companies, the EPS program, our team, and the project roadmap. Followed by the pr, Incoming

There is an increasing interest and growing practice in Citizen Science (CS) that goes along with the usage of websites for communication as well as for capturing and processing data and materials. From an educational perspective, it is expected that by integrating information about CS in a formal educational setting, it will inspire teachers to create learning activities. This is an interesting case for using bots to automate the process of data extraction from online CS platforms to better understand its use in educational contexts. Although this information is publicly available, it has to follow GDPR rules. This paper aims to explain (1) how CS communicates and is promoted on websites, (2) how web scraping methods and anonymization techniques have been designed, developed and applied to collect information from online sources and (3) how these data could be used for educational purposes. After the analysis of 72 websites, some of the results obtained show that only 24.8% includes detailed information about the CS project and 48.61% includes information about educational purposes or materials., El interés y la práctica de la ciencia ciudadana (CC) ha aumentado en los últimos años. Esto ha derivado en el uso de páginas web como herramienta de comunicación, recolección o análisis datos o repositorio materiales y recursos. Desde una perspectiva educativa, se espera que al integrar información sobre proyectos de CC en un entorno educativo formal, se inspire a los maestros a crear actividades de aprendizaje. Este, es un caso interesante para usar bots que automaticen el proceso de extracción de datos de webs de CC que ayuden a comprender mejor su uso en contextos educativos. Aunque esta información está disponible públicamente, se deben seguir las reglas de la ley de protección de datos o GDPR. Este artículo tiene como objetivo explicar: 1) cómo la CC se comunica y promueve en los sitios web; 2) cómo se diseñan, desarrollan y aplican los métodos de web scraping y las técnicas de anonimización para recopilar información en línea; y 3) cómo se podrían usar estos datos con fines educativos. Tras el análisis de 72 webs algunos de los resultados son que solo el 24,8% incluye información detallada sobre el proyecto, y el 48,61% incluye información sobre propósitos o materiales educativos.

Datum: 2023-05-31 Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i Företagsekonomi Akademi: Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalen Universitet Författare: Nancy Jacob, Osama Mahmoud Ahmed, Thanojitha Selvanayagam (990101) (001212) (970719) Titel: Den konstanta digitaliseringen av arbetsrollen redovisningskonsult Handledare: Zelalem Abay Nyckelord: Redovisningskonsulternas arbete, bokföringsprogram, digitalisering, automatisering, och molnbaserade databaser. Forskningsfråga: Hur har digitiseringen och digitaliseringen av redovisningskonsultens arbete påverkat arbetsprocessen, kompetenskraven och intressenter? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att få en bild på hur arbetet som redovisningskonsult ser ut idag och digitaliseringens påverkan för yrkesrollen. Med en arbetsmarknad som konstant ändras och utvecklas kan det vara svårt att begripa de väsentliga aspekterna bakom yrket. Detta arbete ska undersöka vad som behövs för att vara en modern redovisningskonsult och de essentiella aspekterna bakom arbetet. Metod: I denna studie användes en kvalitativ metod för undersökningen och insamlingen av empiriska materialet har genomförts med hjälp av nio semistrukturerade intervjuer som bygger på förutbestämda frågor. I studien har författarna utgått från en deduktiv process, vilket betyder att både teori och hypotes används för att utforma studiens forskningsfråga. Slutsats: Genom digitaliseringen blir redovisningskonsultens arbete mer automatiserat vilket resulterar i att rollen blir mer inriktad mot rådgivning. Dessutom har digitaliseringen gjort kundrelationer mycket enklare och smidigare. Den moderna redovisningskonsulten ska ha tillräckligt med kompetens både inom teori och IT för att kunna hantera de digitala verktygen som Fortnox och Visma. Konsulten behöver inte bära högre kunskap inom IT som exempelvis en programmerare., Date: 2023-05-31 Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration Institution: School of business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors: Nancy Jacob, Osama Mahmoud Ahmed, Thanojitha Selvanayagam ( 99/01/01) ( 00/12/12) ( 97/07/19) Title: The constant digitalization of the work role accounting consultant Supervisor: Zelalem Abay Keywords: Accounting consultants work, accounting programs, digitalization, automatization, and cloud-based database Research question: How has the digitization and digitalization of the accounting consultants work affected the work process, skill requirements and stakeholders? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand what the work of an accounting consultant looks like today and the impact of digitalization on the professional role. It can be difficult to understand the essential aspects behind the profession in a job market that is constantly changing and developing. This study aims to examine what is needed to be a modern accounting consultant and the essential aspects behind the work. Method: In this study, a qualitative method has been applied and the retrieval of empirical data has been conducted by nine semi-structured interviews based on predetermined questions. A deductive research approach has been applied, which means that both theory and hypothesis are used to design the study's research question. Conclusion: With digitalization, the work of the accounting consultant is automated and this results in the work of accounting consultants becoming more focused on advisory services. In addition, digitalization has made customer relations much simpler and smoother. The modern accounting consultant should have sufficient theoretical and IT knowledge to handle digital tools such as Fortnox, Visma, etc. However, having the same qualifications as, for example, programmers are not required.

On a standard oceanographic cruise, flow cytometry data are usually collected sparsely through a bottle-based sampling and with stations separated by kilometers leading to a fragmented view of the ecosystem; to improve the resolution of the datasets produced by this technique here it is proposed the application of an automatic method of sampling and staining. The system used consists of a flow-cytometer (Accuri-C6) connected to an automated continuous sampler (OC-300) that collects samples of marine surface waters every 15 min. We tested this system for five days during a brief Mediterranean cruise with the aim of estimating the abundance, relative size and phenotypic diversity of prokaryotes. Seawater was taken by a faucet linked to an inlet pump (ca. 5 m depth). Once the sample was taken, the Oncyt-300 stained it and sent it to the flow cytometer. A total of 366 samples were collected, effectively achieving a fine-grained scale view of microbial community composition both through space and time. A significative positive relationship was found comparing data obtained with the automatic method and 10 samples collected from the faucet but processed with the standard protocol. Abundance values retrieved varied from 3.56·105 cell mL−1 in the coastal area till 6.87 105 cell mL−1 in open waters, exceptional values were reached in the harbor area where abundances peaked to 1.28 106 cell mL−1. The measured features (abundance and size) were associated with metadata (temperature, salinity, conductivity) also taken in continuous, of which conductivity was the one that better explained the variability of abundance. A full 24 h measurement cycle was performed resulting in slightly higher median bacterial abundances values during daylight hours compared to night. Alpha diversity, calculated using computational cytometry techniques, showed a higher value in the coastal area above 41° of latitude and had a strong inverse relationship with both salinity and conductivity. This is t

Informationssystem har kommit att ta allt större plats inom HR. Parallellt med detta ämnar HR till att arbeta mer strategiskt, någonting som i studien refereras till som HRs strategiska transformation. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för vilken roll HRIS spelar i denna strategiska transformation av HR, samt att undersöka hur denna relaterar till funktionens värdeskapande för organisationen. De två forskningsfrågorna lyder: På vilka sätt möjliggör HRIS strategisk transformation av HR? Samt hur kan användningen av HRIS kopplas till värdeskapande? Detta är en kvalitativ, tolkande fallstudie som innefattar åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer samt en dokumentstudie av organisationsdokument. Intervjuerna analyseras genom en tematisk analys. Respondenter i fallorganisationen vittnar om en stark ambition att använda HRIS strategiskt för exempelvis beslutsfattande som kan baseras på data som genererats av systemen. Men hittills används HRIS i fallorganisationen främst för automatisering och effektivisering av HR-processer samt för lagring av masterdata. Slutsatser som dras är att användningen av HRIS frigör tid genom att automatisera diverse HR-processer såsom löneutbetalningar, rekrytering, ärendehantering och prestationsuppföljning. Användningen av systemen blir i sig värdeskapande eftersom den frigjorda tiden kan användas till att bli en mer strategisk del av organisationen genom till exempel datagenerering inför beslutsfattande, samt att processer kan standardiseras vilket är av högt värde i en global miljö där processer inte längre blir bundna till tid och rum. Den grad som HRIS möjliggör för en strategisk transformation av HR påverkas av utmaningar rörande datakvalitet, integrationer och förändringsledning. Studien genererar värdekunskap samt förklarande kunskap om ämnet och kan ge både forskare och praktiker ,såväl som den nyfikne insikter kring HRIS nuvarande och framtida roll i organisationen i relation till HRs förmåga att ägna sig åt värdeskapande., Information systems have come to claim an increasingly large role in the HR-function. In parallel to this, there is an increasingly large focus of the HR-function to be used more strategically, a phenomenon that we call the strategic transformation of HR. The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of what role HRIS plays in this strategic transformation of the HR-function, and how it relates to the HR-functions’ value creation for the organization. The two research questions of the study are: In what ways are HRIS facilitating the strategic transformation of the HR-function? and How can the use of HRIS be connected to value creation? This is a qualitative interpretive case study that includes eight semi-structured interviews, and a document study of organizational documents. The interviews are analyzed by thematic analysis. Respondents of the study report a strong ambition to use HRIS strategically, for tasks like decision-making that can be based on the data generated by the systems. Hitherto, the HRIS have however mostly been used for automation and streamlining of HR-processes and storage of master data. We conclude that the usage of HRIS for automation of various HR-processes like salary, recruitment, administration and performance management saves time for the function. The use of the systems in itself becomes value-creating since the freed up time can be utilized to become a more strategic part of the organization through, for example, data generation before decision-making. It also allows for processes to be standardized, which is of high value in a global environment where processes are no longer tied to time and space. The degree to which HRIS enables a strategic transformation of the HR-function is affected by challenges concerning data quality, integrations and change management. The study generates value knowledge and explanatory knowledge about the subject and can provide both researchers and practitioners, as well as the curious, insigh

Mikrofluidische Systeme werden zur Manipulation von Flüssigkeiten auf Mikroebene eingesetzt. Von ihnen profitieren insbesondere Biowissenschaften durch die Reduktion von Reagenzien und die Automatisierung ganzer Arbeitsabläufe. Die Mikrostrukturierung erlaubt zudem die Entwicklung neuartiger mikrofluidischer Zellkultursysteme wie den organ-on-a-chip Systemen. Diese Systeme zeichnen sich durch eine höhere physiologische Relevanz gegenüber klassischen in vitro Systemen aus und können zur Rekonstruktion einzelner Organfunktionen genutzt werden. Aufgrund ihrer komplizierten Fertigung wird jedoch der Zugang zu diesen Systemen für Biowissenschaftler:innen er-schwert, sodass ihr Potential noch kaum in kommerziellen Produkten realisiert werden konnte. Eine Lösung bietet die additive Fertigung (3D-Druck) mikrofluidischer Systeme, durch die die unkomplizierte Herstellung eigener Prototypen an Ort und Stelle ermöglicht wird. Um den 3D-Druck jedoch auch für die Herstellung mikrofluidischer Zellkultursysteme nutzen zu können, benötigt es deutlich mehr Biokompatibilitätsstudien zu neuen 3D-Druckmaterialien. In diesem Sinne wurde in dem ersten Teil dieser Arbeit die in vitro Biokompatibilität eines aus Polyacrylat bestehenden, hitzebeständigen 3D-Druckmaterials sowie dessen Eignung für die Heißdampfsterilisation untersucht. Dabei konnte eine Biokompatibilität gegenüber adhärenten Mausfibroblasten und Hefezellen nachgewiesen werden. Diese Ergebnis-se ermöglichen somit den Einsatz des Materials für die Zellkultur. Die Biokompatibilität blieb auch nach Heißdampfsteri-lisation unbeeinträchtigt, sodass mit diesem Material gedruckte Zellkultursysteme unkompliziert sterilisiert werden können. Im Gegensatz dazu erwies sich das Material für menschliche embryonale Nierenzellen in Suspension als schädlich, was die Bedeutung einer auf den Organismus und die Anwendung zugeschnittenen Biokompatibilitätsprü-fung verdeutlicht. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wurde das evaluierte 3D-Druckmaterial zu

The article «L’analisi linguistica nell’evoluzione mondiale dei mezzi di comunicazione» by Fr. Roberto Busa, a pioneer of the Digital Humanities, was originally published in the volume Almanacco Bompiani: Le applicazioni dei calcolatori elettronici alle scienze morali e alla letteratura of 1962. Despite the fact that the text was written in a preliminary phase of such studies, in which the application of informatics to the analysis of languages and literatures still seemed an unattainable dream, the lucid gaze of the Italian Jesuit in our opinion constitutes even today an observation point of interest to assess the evolution and future challenges in the Digital Humanities field. We present here the Spanish translation of the article with the intention of rescuing the words of Fr. Busa and making them available to a broader number of readers., El artículo «L’analisi linguistica nell’evoluzione mondiale dei mezzi di comunicazione» de Padre Roberto Busa, pionero de las Humanidades Digitales, fue publicado en origen en el volumen Almanacco Bompiani: Le applicazioni dei calcolatori elettronici alle scienze morali e alla letteratura de 1962. A pesar de que el texto fue escrito en una fase preliminar de tales estudios, en que la aplicación de la informática al análisis de las lenguas y literaturas parecía todavía un sueño inalcanzable, la lúcida mirada del jesuita italiano constituye a nuestra manera de ver aún hoy en día un punto de interés para valorar la evolución y los retos futuros en el campo de las Humanidades Digitales. Presentamos aquí la traducción española del artículo con el fin de rescatar las palabras de Padre Busa y ponerlas nuevamente al alcance de un amplio número de lectores.

Welding is analyzed here as an intelligent process in the context of Industry 4.0, with a focus on two aspects: automatization and machine learning. In the case of automatization, starting from the first industrial robots as applied in spot welding in car industry 50 years ago, advances in other welding processes like Gas Shielded Arc Welding (GSAW) and Laser Beam Welding (LBW) are presented. As for the machine learning, starting from the early efforts to use neural networks to correlate input welding parameters with a shape of a welded joint in early nineties, advances in modern machine learning technologies to predict mechanical properties and microstructure are presented.

Informationssystem har kommit att ta allt större plats inom HR. Parallellt med detta ämnar HR till att arbeta mer strategiskt, någonting som i studien refereras till som HRs strategiska transformation. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för vilken roll HRIS spelar i denna strategiska transformation av HR, samt att undersöka hur denna relaterar till funktionens värdeskapande för organisationen. De två forskningsfrågorna lyder: På vilka sätt möjliggör HRIS strategisk transformation av HR? Samt hur kan användningen av HRIS kopplas till värdeskapande? Detta är en kvalitativ, tolkande fallstudie som innefattar åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer samt en dokumentstudie av organisationsdokument. Intervjuerna analyseras genom en tematisk analys. Respondenter i fallorganisationen vittnar om en stark ambition att använda HRIS strategiskt för exempelvis beslutsfattande som kan baseras på data som genererats av systemen. Men hittills används HRIS i fallorganisationen främst för automatisering och effektivisering av HR-processer samt för lagring av masterdata. Slutsatser som dras är att användningen av HRIS frigör tid genom att automatisera diverse HR-processer såsom löneutbetalningar, rekrytering, ärendehantering och prestationsuppföljning. Användningen av systemen blir i sig värdeskapande eftersom den frigjorda tiden kan användas till att bli en mer strategisk del av organisationen genom till exempel datagenerering inför beslutsfattande, samt att processer kan standardiseras vilket är av högt värde i en global miljö där processer inte längre blir bundna till tid och rum. Den grad som HRIS möjliggör för en strategisk transformation av HR påverkas av utmaningar rörande datakvalitet, integrationer och förändringsledning. Studien genererar värdekunskap samt förklarande kunskap om ämnet och kan ge både forskare och praktiker ,såväl som den nyfikne insikter kring HRIS nuvarande och framtida roll i organisationen i relation till HRs förmåga att ägna sig åt värdeskapande., Information systems have come to claim an increasingly large role in the HR-function. In parallel to this, there is an increasingly large focus of the HR-function to be used more strategically, a phenomenon that we call the strategic transformation of HR. The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of what role HRIS plays in this strategic transformation of the HR-function, and how it relates to the HR-functions’ value creation for the organization. The two research questions of the study are: In what ways are HRIS facilitating the strategic transformation of the HR-function? and How can the use of HRIS be connected to value creation? This is a qualitative interpretive case study that includes eight semi-structured interviews, and a document study of organizational documents. The interviews are analyzed by thematic analysis. Respondents of the study report a strong ambition to use HRIS strategically, for tasks like decision-making that can be based on the data generated by the systems. Hitherto, the HRIS have however mostly been used for automation and streamlining of HR-processes and storage of master data. We conclude that the usage of HRIS for automation of various HR-processes like salary, recruitment, administration and performance management saves time for the function. The use of the systems in itself becomes value-creating since the freed up time can be utilized to become a more strategic part of the organization through, for example, data generation before decision-making. It also allows for processes to be standardized, which is of high value in a global environment where processes are no longer tied to time and space. The degree to which HRIS enables a strategic transformation of the HR-function is affected by challenges concerning data quality, integrations and change management. The study generates value knowledge and explanatory knowledge about the subject and can provide both researchers and practitioners, as well as the curious, insigh

Diplomová práce se věnuje sledování hotových osobních vozů v Mladé Boleslavi, kde se nachází závod společnosti ŠKODA AUTO a.s.. Teoretická část práce obsahuje popis technologií, které se využívají v oblasti logistiky pro sledování objektů. Druhá kapitola je věnována analýze, která zkoumá stav sledování hotových vozů. Ve třetí kapitole jsou vytvořeny návrhy pro zlepšení současných procesů za použití technologií pro sledování objektů. Čtvrtá kapitola se věnuje zhodnocení návrhů., This master thesis focuses on monitoring of fully build cars in ŠKODA AUTO manufacturing plant. Theoretical chapter consists of list of technologies, that are commonly used for localization in logistics. Second chapter includes analysis of current processes, that involves localization of cars in manufacturing plant. In third chapter are proposed improvements, that could enhance present state. Fourth chapter is evaluation of proposed improvements., Dopravní fakulta Jana Pernera, Problematiku řešenou ve své diplomové práci dokázal diplomant odpovídajícím způsobem obhájit. Prokázal schopnost samostatné práce. Reakce na poznámky, resp. připomínky oponenta měl velmi dobře připraveny. Na doplňkové otázky reagoval pohotově, se znalostí věci a bez závažných nepřesností je zodpověděl., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

New techniques are needed to speed-up the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of bacteria associated with bloodstream infections. Alfred 60/AST (Alifax®, Polverara, Italy) performs AST by light scattering directly from positive blood cultures., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The introduction of self-driving vehicles gives rise to a large number of ethical issues that go beyond the common, extremely narrow, focus on improbable dilemma-like scenarios. This article provides a broad overview of realistic ethical issues related to self-driving vehicles. Some of the major topics covered are as follows: Strong opinions for and against driverless cars may give rise to severe social and political conflicts. A low tolerance for accidents caused by driverless vehicles may delay the introduction of driverless systems that would substantially reduce the risks. Trade-offs will arise between safety and other requirement on the road traffic system. Over-reliance on the swift collision-avoiding reactions of self-driving vehicles can induce people to take dangerous actions, such as stepping out in front of a car, relying on its fast braking. Children travelling alone can violate safety instructions such as the use of seatbelts. Digital information about routes and destinations can be used to convey commercial and political messages to car users. If fast passage can be bought, then socio-economic segregation of road traffic may result. Terrorists and other criminals can hack into a vehicle and make it crash. They can also use self-driving vehicles for instance to carry bombs to their designed places of detonation or to wreak havoc on a country’s road system.

In order to understand how to improve the agriculture based production and how to increase crop performance in the right way and to understand the importance of automatization we should require the mechanism and control application. The work with this agricultural environment is very hard because of the weather like rainy season, winter and summer. The development of robot can perform different tasks and easily operate by the operator. It can perform the task like fertilizer or water sprinkler or drilling and seeding seeds. Mainly the agricultural robot has its design and construction. Different controlled law performs different kinematic tasks and should test the working model. The demand and shortage of labour forces particularly in agricultural field based on the automatization of industry for demanding of such agricultural robot or farming robot to perform smart farming. Increasing of global population is creating demand for more amounts of food, as well as agricultural work is also highly dependent on manpower and labour. This paper finds several latest achievements from robots in terms of automatization in farming sector. As majority Indian’s depends on agriculture, so it is very important to design some advanced robots and require reducing of different issues. The researcher has tried to develop the economy of the country through smart farming robots. As it is known, automatisation increases making higher profit, so problems and issues associated with agricultural robot can be overcome with implementation of new mechanism, advanced algorithm and with modern technology in future. With the help of workshop and based on this new robot engine, this robot industry can take this agricultural industry as an ocean in some ways., Щоб зрозуміти, як поліпшити сільськогосподарське виробництво і як правильно підвищити врожайність, а також зрозуміти важливість автоматизації, нам буде потрібно механізм і додаток управління. Робота в сільськогосподарському середовищі має свої складності через погоду, таку як сезон дощів, зиму і літо. Розробка робота допоможе виконувати різні завдання за допомогою управління оператором. Він може виконувати такі завдання, як розбризкування добрив або полив, посів насіння. Сільськогосподарський робот має свою конструкцію і дизайн. Він може виконувати різні кінематичні завдання, після проведення тестування. Попит і брак робочої сили, особливо в сільськогосподарській сфері, вимагають від таких сільськогосподарських машин інтелектуального ведення сільського господарства. Збільшення чисельності світового населення створює попит на більшу кількість продуктів харчування, а сільськогосподарські машини залежать від кваліфікованої робочої сили. У цій статті представлені кілька останніх досягнень в області автоматизації в сільськогосподарському секторі. Оскільки більшість індійців залежить від сільського господарства, дуже важливо розробити кілька просунутих роботів і скоротити кількість вирішуваних проблем. Дослідник спробував розробити робота для фермерських потреб, що допоможе економіці країни. Як відомо, автоматизація в сільському господарстві забезпечує більш високий прибуток. Проблеми в аграрному секторі можуть бути подолані за допомогою впровадження нових механізмів, вдосконаленого алгоритму і сучасних технологій в майбутньому. Представлені пропозиції цього нового двигуна допоможуть в масовому випуску роботів для сільськогосподарських робіт., Чтобы понять, как улучшить сельскохозяйственное производство и как правильно повысить урожайность, а также понять важность автоматизации, нам нужно механизм и пульт управления. Работа в сельскохозяйственной среде имеет свои сложности из-за погоды, такую как сезон дождей, зиму и лето. Разработка робота поможет выполнять различные задачи с помощью управления оператором. Он может выполнять такие задачи, как разбрызгивание удобрений или полив, посев семян. Сельскохозяйственный робот имеет свою конструкцию и дизайн. Он может выполнять различные кинематические задачи, после проведения тестирования. Спрос и нехватка рабочей силы, особенно в сельскохозяйственной сфере, требуют от таких сельскохозяйственных машин интеллектуального ведения сельского хозяйства. Увеличение численности мирового населения создает спрос на большее количество продуктов питания, а сельскохозяйственные машины зависят от квалифицированной рабочей силы. В этой статье представлены несколько последних достижений в области автоматизации в сельскохозяйственном секторе. Поскольку большинство индийцев зависит от сельского хозяйства, очень важно разработать несколько продвинутых роботов и сократить количество решаемых проблем. Исследователь попытался разработать машину для фермерских нужд, что поможет экономике страны. Как известно, автоматизация в сельском хозяйстве обеспечивает более высокую прибыль. Проблемы в аграрном секторе могут быть преодолены с помощью внедрения новых механизмов, усовершенствованного алгоритма и современных технологий в будущем. Представленные предложения этого нового двигателя помогут в массовом выпуске роботов для сельскохозяйственных работ.

[ES] El objetivo principal de este Trabajo Fin de Master TFM es el desarrollo de tres estaciones de test de forma industrial que se emplearán para la verificación, tanto a nivel PCB como de producto final, de un seguidor solar para su producción en masa. Para ello se realizará un análisis de las especificaciones del producto. Una vez obtenidos todos los requerimientos, se procede a realizar un estudio de la arquitectura y de todos los componentes hardware que tendrá el sistema. Se diseñarán las secuencias que cubran todos casos de test y se verificarán los resultados obtenidos mediante una herramienta de visualización de datos estadísticos creada para el proyecto para poder proporcionar así una estabilidad del sistema y un seguimiento de los datos en tiempo real., [EN] The main objective of this project is the development of three industrial test stations that will be used for the verification, both at PCB and product level, of a solar tracker for mass production. First, an analysis of the product specifications will be carried out. Once all the requirements have been obtained, a study of the architecture and all the hardware components that the system has will be executed. The sequences that cover all test cases will be designed and the results obtained will be verified using a statistical data visualization tool created for the project in order to provide system stability and data monitoring in real time.

[ES] Para la producción automática de un automóvil hay numerosos procesos a realizar en cada una de las estaciones de trabajo. Tanto los procesos de decisión acerca de la robótica a emplear como todo el desarrollo de tareas de funcionamiento y mantenimiento son tareas complejas a realizar. En este trabajo se automatizan todos estos procesos para la estación de soldadura de un lateral de automóvil., [EN] To produce automatically an automobile there's plenty of tasks to do in each of the workstations. Such as the decision task about the robotic to use, as all the development of the operation tasks and, maintenance are complexes tasks to do. In this project are going to be presented all the tasks of a weld station of the lateral of an automobile.

[ES] Desde la aparición de la primera red de computación de datos, ARPANET, las tendencias en diseño de estas redes no han evolucionado tanto como sí han hecho otras tecnologías que podrían considerarse cuasi hermanas, como las metodologías del desarrollo de software. Fue por ello por lo que, sobre 2008, un grupo colaborativo entre la Universidad de Stanford y la Universidad de California, presentaron el protocolo OpenFlow. Este protocolo es el núcleo de la arquitectura de SDN (Software Defined Networking), la cual surgió como un nuevo paradigma del diseño de redes de computación y ha sido el foco de atención durante la última década. SDN consiste en dotar de programabilidad a las redes, separando el CP (Control Plane) del DP (Data Plane). El CP se responsabiliza de orquestar los elementos de la red, decidiendo los caminos y enrutamientos que se tienen que generar, asignar anchos de banda, etc. Por otro lado, el DP son todos esos enlaces físicos a los que se les comunica desde el CP cuál debería ser su función, y todos son organizados por el mismo Controlador que se encuentra en el CP. Este nuevo paradigma tiene ¿ y ha tenido ¿ como uno de sus objetivos el minimizar los costes de mantenimiento, pudiendo automatizar la mayoría de sus funcionalidades. Por otro lado, el utilizar esta nueva arquitectura para desarrollar redes, porta consigo nuevas vulnerabilidades que pueden ser aprovechadas por atacantes, además de que, al hablar sobre una tecnología que surgió hace varios años, debemos preguntarnos si SDN realmente ha mejorado las redes de computación tal como las conocemos. El presente proyecto pretende dar una respuesta a la pregunta anterior, analizando y estudiando la sinergia que ofrece la tecnología SDN junto con la viabilidad de aplicarle modelos de ML (Machine Learning) para dotar de una posible solución a un problema común en las redes de computación, como puede ser la seguridad informática. Una de las grandes ventajas que ofrece SDN sobre las redes tradicion, [EN] Since the appearance of the first data computing network, ARPANET, network design trends have not evolved as much as other technologies which have a lot in common, as software develop and design methodologies. Therefore in 2008, a research collaboration between University of Stanford and University of California, could develop the OpenFlow Protocol. This protocol is the core of the SDN (Software Defined Networking) architecture, which emerge as a new paradigm for computing network design and had an attention focus for the last decade. SDN consists in giving programmability to the networks, separating CP (Control Plane) from DP (Data Plane). This CP is the responsible to manage all the devices and elements in the network, and selects paths that must be generated, assigns new bandwidths, etc. On the other hand, the DP are all these physical devices and links that communicate with the CP, where its function is notified, and all are organized by the Controller that belongs to the CP. This new concept has ¿ and always had ¿ as one of its objectives to minimize the maintenance costs, automatizing the most of its functionalities. However, using this new architecture to develop networks, has new vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers, and if we write about a technology that arise some years ago, we must ask ourselves if SDN has improved computing networks as we know them. The current project aims to provide an answer to the previous question, analysing and studying the synergy that SDN offers with the grant of taking some ML (Machine Learning) models and, in that way, giving a possible solution for a common problem in networks, as is cybersecurity. One of the biggest advantages of SDN is the great toolbox that offers to the network engineer to solve specific problems, and ML is one of those powerful tools that nowadays is being applied in lot of environments of IT field. For our case, we have developed simulations that feed a data frame, which is used to tr

[ES] Para la producción automática de un automóvil hay numerosos procesos a realizar en cada una de las estaciones de trabajo. Tanto los procesos de decisión acerca de la robótica a emplear como todo el desarrollo de tareas de funcionamiento y mantenimiento son tareas complejas a realizar. En este trabajo se automatizan todos estos procesos para la estación de soldadura de un lateral de automóvil., [EN] To produce automatically an automobile there's plenty of tasks to do in each of the workstations. Such as the decision task about the robotic to use, as all the development of the operation tasks and, maintenance are complexes tasks to do. In this project are going to be presented all the tasks of a weld station of the lateral of an automobile.

[ES] El objetivo principal de este Trabajo Fin de Master TFM es el desarrollo de tres estaciones de test de forma industrial que se emplearán para la verificación, tanto a nivel PCB como de producto final, de un seguidor solar para su producción en masa. Para ello se realizará un análisis de las especificaciones del producto. Una vez obtenidos todos los requerimientos, se procede a realizar un estudio de la arquitectura y de todos los componentes hardware que tendrá el sistema. Se diseñarán las secuencias que cubran todos casos de test y se verificarán los resultados obtenidos mediante una herramienta de visualización de datos estadísticos creada para el proyecto para poder proporcionar así una estabilidad del sistema y un seguimiento de los datos en tiempo real., [EN] The main objective of this project is the development of three industrial test stations that will be used for the verification, both at PCB and product level, of a solar tracker for mass production. First, an analysis of the product specifications will be carried out. Once all the requirements have been obtained, a study of the architecture and all the hardware components that the system has will be executed. The sequences that cover all test cases will be designed and the results obtained will be verified using a statistical data visualization tool created for the project in order to provide system stability and data monitoring in real time.

[ES] En este proyecto se busca optimizar una línea de producción en una fábrica de discos de frenos, para distintos modelos de coches Volkswagen, mediante la implementación de un robot industrial ABB IRB4600. Se busca sustituir la introducción manual de cojinetes en la línea mediante un proceso automatizado utilizando un robot industrial. Para ello se realiza una simulación de la celda en RobotStudio para visualizar el proceso, gestionar y controlar tiempos de ciclo del mismo y analizar así la viabilidad del proyecto antes de llevarlo a cabo. Se va a realizar la programación del robot mediante la escritura del código del programa en RobotStudio para sincronizarlo con la estación. Se pretende realizar la comunicación entre robot y PLC utilizando componentes inteligentes para gestionar de entradas y salidas, detección de piezas mediante sensores, creación de piezas etc. En una herramienta de CAD (Inventor) se crearán todas las geometrías necesarias para llevar a cabo la simulación de la estación como pueden ser las piezas, blisters, herramientas del robot, soportes de herramientas y demás modelos necesarios. Tareas a realizar: 1. Programación del robot ABB modelo IRB4600 con RobotStudio. 2. Simulación del robot dentro del entorno de producción de línea de producción de discos de freno en el sector de automoción. 3. Diseño en Inventor de herramientas y útiles necesarios en el proyecto. 4. Optimización de la línea mediante la reducción de tiempos de ciclo., [EN] This project optimizes a production line in a brake disk factory for different Volkswagen car models through the implementation of an ABB IRB4600_60_205 industrial robot. It seeks to replace the manual introduction of brake disks in the line by means of an automated process using an industrial robot. A simulation of the cell is carried out in RobotStudio to visualize the process, manage and control cycle times to finally analyze the viability of the project before carrying it out. The robot will be programmed by writing the program code in RobotStudio using RAPID language synchronized with the station. It is intended to carry out the communication between robot and PLC using smart components to manage inputs and outputs, part present with sensors, station animation etc. In a CAD software (Inventor) all necessary geometries are created to carry out the simulation of the station such as parts, blisters, robot tools, tool stands and other used objects. Tasks to perform: 1. Programming of the ABB robot model IRB4600 in RobotStudio. 2. Robot simulation within the production of the brake disk environment production line in the automotive sector. 3. Design in Inventor of tools and supplies needed in the project. 4. Optimization of the line by reducing cycle times.

[ES] Desde la aparición de la primera red de computación de datos, ARPANET, las tendencias en diseño de estas redes no han evolucionado tanto como sí han hecho otras tecnologías que podrían considerarse cuasi hermanas, como las metodologías del desarrollo de software. Fue por ello por lo que, sobre 2008, un grupo colaborativo entre la Universidad de Stanford y la Universidad de California, presentaron el protocolo OpenFlow. Este protocolo es el núcleo de la arquitectura de SDN (Software Defined Networking), la cual surgió como un nuevo paradigma del diseño de redes de computación y ha sido el foco de atención durante la última década. SDN consiste en dotar de programabilidad a las redes, separando el CP (Control Plane) del DP (Data Plane). El CP se responsabiliza de orquestar los elementos de la red, decidiendo los caminos y enrutamientos que se tienen que generar, asignar anchos de banda, etc. Por otro lado, el DP son todos esos enlaces físicos a los que se les comunica desde el CP cuál debería ser su función, y todos son organizados por el mismo Controlador que se encuentra en el CP. Este nuevo paradigma tiene ¿ y ha tenido ¿ como uno de sus objetivos el minimizar los costes de mantenimiento, pudiendo automatizar la mayoría de sus funcionalidades. Por otro lado, el utilizar esta nueva arquitectura para desarrollar redes, porta consigo nuevas vulnerabilidades que pueden ser aprovechadas por atacantes, además de que, al hablar sobre una tecnología que surgió hace varios años, debemos preguntarnos si SDN realmente ha mejorado las redes de computación tal como las conocemos. El presente proyecto pretende dar una respuesta a la pregunta anterior, analizando y estudiando la sinergia que ofrece la tecnología SDN junto con la viabilidad de aplicarle modelos de ML (Machine Learning) para dotar de una posible solución a un problema común en las redes de computación, como puede ser la seguridad informática. Una de las grandes ventajas que ofrece SDN sobre las redes tradicion, [EN] Since the appearance of the first data computing network, ARPANET, network design trends have not evolved as much as other technologies which have a lot in common, as software develop and design methodologies. Therefore in 2008, a research collaboration between University of Stanford and University of California, could develop the OpenFlow Protocol. This protocol is the core of the SDN (Software Defined Networking) architecture, which emerge as a new paradigm for computing network design and had an attention focus for the last decade. SDN consists in giving programmability to the networks, separating CP (Control Plane) from DP (Data Plane). This CP is the responsible to manage all the devices and elements in the network, and selects paths that must be generated, assigns new bandwidths, etc. On the other hand, the DP are all these physical devices and links that communicate with the CP, where its function is notified, and all are organized by the Controller that belongs to the CP. This new concept has ¿ and always had ¿ as one of its objectives to minimize the maintenance costs, automatizing the most of its functionalities. However, using this new architecture to develop networks, has new vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers, and if we write about a technology that arise some years ago, we must ask ourselves if SDN has improved computing networks as we know them. The current project aims to provide an answer to the previous question, analysing and studying the synergy that SDN offers with the grant of taking some ML (Machine Learning) models and, in that way, giving a possible solution for a common problem in networks, as is cybersecurity. One of the biggest advantages of SDN is the great toolbox that offers to the network engineer to solve specific problems, and ML is one of those powerful tools that nowadays is being applied in lot of environments of IT field. For our case, we have developed simulations that feed a data frame, which is used to tr

[ES] El objetivo principal de este Trabajo Fin de Master TFM es el desarrollo de tres estaciones de test de forma industrial que se emplearán para la verificación, tanto a nivel PCB como de producto final, de un seguidor solar para su producción en masa. Para ello se realizará un análisis de las especificaciones del producto. Una vez obtenidos todos los requerimientos, se procede a realizar un estudio de la arquitectura y de todos los componentes hardware que tendrá el sistema. Se diseñarán las secuencias que cubran todos casos de test y se verificarán los resultados obtenidos mediante una herramienta de visualización de datos estadísticos creada para el proyecto para poder proporcionar así una estabilidad del sistema y un seguimiento de los datos en tiempo real., [EN] The main objective of this project is the development of three industrial test stations that will be used for the verification, both at PCB and product level, of a solar tracker for mass production. First, an analysis of the product specifications will be carried out. Once all the requirements have been obtained, a study of the architecture and all the hardware components that the system has will be executed. The sequences that cover all test cases will be designed and the results obtained will be verified using a statistical data visualization tool created for the project in order to provide system stability and data monitoring in real time.

Los gemelos digitales son uno de los componentes de la llamada Industria 4.0, modelos que no son más que réplicas virtuales de procesos que simulan el comportamiento del sistema original. Este proyecto tiene como objetivo modelar un gemelo digital de una célula robotizada, así como el análisis y simulación. Validar los proyectos de automatización y programa robot para la implementación real. Asimismo, se detalla la realización del gemelo digital, describiendo paso a paso el modelado y la lógica introducida. Por último, se demuestra que el proyecto cumple todos los objetivos establecidos, siendo posible su aplicación en la industria. La posible implementación de este tipo de tecnologías permitirá acortar los plazos de puesta en marcha, resultando así en una reducción de los costes asociados a esta., Biki digitalak 4.0 Industria delakoaren osagarrietako bat dira, jatorrizko sistema baten portaera simulatzen duten prozesuen erreplika birtualak. Proiektu honen helburu nagusiak honakoak ziren: zelula robotikoaren biki digital baten eredua burutzea, bai eta modelo horretan analisia eta simulazioa egitea. Automatizazio eta robot programaren balioztapena lortu makina errealan inplementatzeko. Halaber, biki digitalaren gauzapena zehaztatzen da, pausoz pauso deskribatuz bertan barruratutako eredu-egitea eta logika. Azkenik, baieztatzen da proiektuak hasieran ezarritako helburuak betetzen dituela, bere industriarako aplikazioa ahalbidetu lezakeelarik. Gainera, teknologia mota hauen balizko inplementatzeak abiarazpen-prozesuaren epeak laburtuko ditu; horrenbestez, berari lotutako kostuak murriztuz., Digital twins are one of the components belonging to the so-called Industry 4.0, which are nothing but virtual replicas of processes that simulate the behavior of the original system. The main objectives of this project were not only to model the digital twin of a robotic cell, but also to analyze and simulate it. The simulation is going to validate de automatization project and the robot program to then implement it in a real machine. Moreover, the execution of the digital twin itself is detailed, describing step by step the modelling and the logic introduced. Lastly, it is shown that the project achieves the objectives stated above, thus being allowed its feasible implementation in the industry. Therefore, the use of this technologies will permit to shorten the deadline of the launching process, turning out into a reduction of the associated costs.

[ES] En este proyecto se busca optimizar una línea de producción en una fábrica de discos de frenos, para distintos modelos de coches Volkswagen, mediante la implementación de un robot industrial ABB IRB4600. Se busca sustituir la introducción manual de cojinetes en la línea mediante un proceso automatizado utilizando un robot industrial. Para ello se realiza una simulación de la celda en RobotStudio para visualizar el proceso, gestionar y controlar tiempos de ciclo del mismo y analizar así la viabilidad del proyecto antes de llevarlo a cabo. Se va a realizar la programación del robot mediante la escritura del código del programa en RobotStudio para sincronizarlo con la estación. Se pretende realizar la comunicación entre robot y PLC utilizando componentes inteligentes para gestionar de entradas y salidas, detección de piezas mediante sensores, creación de piezas etc. En una herramienta de CAD (Inventor) se crearán todas las geometrías necesarias para llevar a cabo la simulación de la estación como pueden ser las piezas, blisters, herramientas del robot, soportes de herramientas y demás modelos necesarios. Tareas a realizar: 1. Programación del robot ABB modelo IRB4600 con RobotStudio. 2. Simulación del robot dentro del entorno de producción de línea de producción de discos de freno en el sector de automoción. 3. Diseño en Inventor de herramientas y útiles necesarios en el proyecto. 4. Optimización de la línea mediante la reducción de tiempos de ciclo., [EN] This project optimizes a production line in a brake disk factory for different Volkswagen car models through the implementation of an ABB IRB4600_60_205 industrial robot. It seeks to replace the manual introduction of brake disks in the line by means of an automated process using an industrial robot. A simulation of the cell is carried out in RobotStudio to visualize the process, manage and control cycle times to finally analyze the viability of the project before carrying it out. The robot will be programmed by writing the program code in RobotStudio using RAPID language synchronized with the station. It is intended to carry out the communication between robot and PLC using smart components to manage inputs and outputs, part present with sensors, station animation etc. In a CAD software (Inventor) all necessary geometries are created to carry out the simulation of the station such as parts, blisters, robot tools, tool stands and other used objects. Tasks to perform: 1. Programming of the ABB robot model IRB4600 in RobotStudio. 2. Robot simulation within the production of the brake disk environment production line in the automotive sector. 3. Design in Inventor of tools and supplies needed in the project. 4. Optimization of the line by reducing cycle times.

[ES] Desde la aparición de la primera red de computación de datos, ARPANET, las tendencias en diseño de estas redes no han evolucionado tanto como sí han hecho otras tecnologías que podrían considerarse cuasi hermanas, como las metodologías del desarrollo de software. Fue por ello por lo que, sobre 2008, un grupo colaborativo entre la Universidad de Stanford y la Universidad de California, presentaron el protocolo OpenFlow. Este protocolo es el núcleo de la arquitectura de SDN (Software Defined Networking), la cual surgió como un nuevo paradigma del diseño de redes de computación y ha sido el foco de atención durante la última década. SDN consiste en dotar de programabilidad a las redes, separando el CP (Control Plane) del DP (Data Plane). El CP se responsabiliza de orquestar los elementos de la red, decidiendo los caminos y enrutamientos que se tienen que generar, asignar anchos de banda, etc. Por otro lado, el DP son todos esos enlaces físicos a los que se les comunica desde el CP cuál debería ser su función, y todos son organizados por el mismo Controlador que se encuentra en el CP. Este nuevo paradigma tiene ¿ y ha tenido ¿ como uno de sus objetivos el minimizar los costes de mantenimiento, pudiendo automatizar la mayoría de sus funcionalidades. Por otro lado, el utilizar esta nueva arquitectura para desarrollar redes, porta consigo nuevas vulnerabilidades que pueden ser aprovechadas por atacantes, además de que, al hablar sobre una tecnología que surgió hace varios años, debemos preguntarnos si SDN realmente ha mejorado las redes de computación tal como las conocemos. El presente proyecto pretende dar una respuesta a la pregunta anterior, analizando y estudiando la sinergia que ofrece la tecnología SDN junto con la viabilidad de aplicarle modelos de ML (Machine Learning) para dotar de una posible solución a un problema común en las redes de computación, como puede ser la seguridad informática. Una de las grandes ventajas que ofrece SDN sobre las redes tradicion, [EN] Since the appearance of the first data computing network, ARPANET, network design trends have not evolved as much as other technologies which have a lot in common, as software develop and design methodologies. Therefore in 2008, a research collaboration between University of Stanford and University of California, could develop the OpenFlow Protocol. This protocol is the core of the SDN (Software Defined Networking) architecture, which emerge as a new paradigm for computing network design and had an attention focus for the last decade. SDN consists in giving programmability to the networks, separating CP (Control Plane) from DP (Data Plane). This CP is the responsible to manage all the devices and elements in the network, and selects paths that must be generated, assigns new bandwidths, etc. On the other hand, the DP are all these physical devices and links that communicate with the CP, where its function is notified, and all are organized by the Controller that belongs to the CP. This new concept has ¿ and always had ¿ as one of its objectives to minimize the maintenance costs, automatizing the most of its functionalities. However, using this new architecture to develop networks, has new vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers, and if we write about a technology that arise some years ago, we must ask ourselves if SDN has improved computing networks as we know them. The current project aims to provide an answer to the previous question, analysing and studying the synergy that SDN offers with the grant of taking some ML (Machine Learning) models and, in that way, giving a possible solution for a common problem in networks, as is cybersecurity. One of the biggest advantages of SDN is the great toolbox that offers to the network engineer to solve specific problems, and ML is one of those powerful tools that nowadays is being applied in lot of environments of IT field. For our case, we have developed simulations that feed a data frame, which is used to tr

[ES] Para la producción automática de un automóvil hay numerosos procesos a realizar en cada una de las estaciones de trabajo. Tanto los procesos de decisión acerca de la robótica a emplear como todo el desarrollo de tareas de funcionamiento y mantenimiento son tareas complejas a realizar. En este trabajo se automatizan todos estos procesos para la estación de soldadura de un lateral de automóvil., [EN] To produce automatically an automobile there's plenty of tasks to do in each of the workstations. Such as the decision task about the robotic to use, as all the development of the operation tasks and, maintenance are complexes tasks to do. In this project are going to be presented all the tasks of a weld station of the lateral of an automobile.

[ES] En este proyecto se busca optimizar una línea de producción en una fábrica de discos de frenos, para distintos modelos de coches Volkswagen, mediante la implementación de un robot industrial ABB IRB4600. Se busca sustituir la introducción manual de cojinetes en la línea mediante un proceso automatizado utilizando un robot industrial. Para ello se realiza una simulación de la celda en RobotStudio para visualizar el proceso, gestionar y controlar tiempos de ciclo del mismo y analizar así la viabilidad del proyecto antes de llevarlo a cabo. Se va a realizar la programación del robot mediante la escritura del código del programa en RobotStudio para sincronizarlo con la estación. Se pretende realizar la comunicación entre robot y PLC utilizando componentes inteligentes para gestionar de entradas y salidas, detección de piezas mediante sensores, creación de piezas etc. En una herramienta de CAD (Inventor) se crearán todas las geometrías necesarias para llevar a cabo la simulación de la estación como pueden ser las piezas, blisters, herramientas del robot, soportes de herramientas y demás modelos necesarios. Tareas a realizar: 1. Programación del robot ABB modelo IRB4600 con RobotStudio. 2. Simulación del robot dentro del entorno de producción de línea de producción de discos de freno en el sector de automoción. 3. Diseño en Inventor de herramientas y útiles necesarios en el proyecto. 4. Optimización de la línea mediante la reducción de tiempos de ciclo., [EN] This project optimizes a production line in a brake disk factory for different Volkswagen car models through the implementation of an ABB IRB4600_60_205 industrial robot. It seeks to replace the manual introduction of brake disks in the line by means of an automated process using an industrial robot. A simulation of the cell is carried out in RobotStudio to visualize the process, manage and control cycle times to finally analyze the viability of the project before carrying it out. The robot will be programmed by writing the program code in RobotStudio using RAPID language synchronized with the station. It is intended to carry out the communication between robot and PLC using smart components to manage inputs and outputs, part present with sensors, station animation etc. In a CAD software (Inventor) all necessary geometries are created to carry out the simulation of the station such as parts, blisters, robot tools, tool stands and other used objects. Tasks to perform: 1. Programming of the ABB robot model IRB4600 in RobotStudio. 2. Robot simulation within the production of the brake disk environment production line in the automotive sector. 3. Design in Inventor of tools and supplies needed in the project. 4. Optimization of the line by reducing cycle times.

Los gemelos digitales son uno de los componentes de la llamada Industria 4.0, modelos que no son más que réplicas virtuales de procesos que simulan el comportamiento del sistema original. Este proyecto tiene como objetivo modelar un gemelo digital de una célula robotizada, así como el análisis y simulación. Validar los proyectos de automatización y programa robot para la implementación real. Asimismo, se detalla la realización del gemelo digital, describiendo paso a paso el modelado y la lógica introducida. Por último, se demuestra que el proyecto cumple todos los objetivos establecidos, siendo posible su aplicación en la industria. La posible implementación de este tipo de tecnologías permitirá acortar los plazos de puesta en marcha, resultando así en una reducción de los costes asociados a esta., Biki digitalak 4.0 Industria delakoaren osagarrietako bat dira, jatorrizko sistema baten portaera simulatzen duten prozesuen erreplika birtualak. Proiektu honen helburu nagusiak honakoak ziren: zelula robotikoaren biki digital baten eredua burutzea, bai eta modelo horretan analisia eta simulazioa egitea. Automatizazio eta robot programaren balioztapena lortu makina errealan inplementatzeko. Halaber, biki digitalaren gauzapena zehaztatzen da, pausoz pauso deskribatuz bertan barruratutako eredu-egitea eta logika. Azkenik, baieztatzen da proiektuak hasieran ezarritako helburuak betetzen dituela, bere industriarako aplikazioa ahalbidetu lezakeelarik. Gainera, teknologia mota hauen balizko inplementatzeak abiarazpen-prozesuaren epeak laburtuko ditu; horrenbestez, berari lotutako kostuak murriztuz., Digital twins are one of the components belonging to the so-called Industry 4.0, which are nothing but virtual replicas of processes that simulate the behavior of the original system. The main objectives of this project were not only to model the digital twin of a robotic cell, but also to analyze and simulate it. The simulation is going to validate de automatization project and the robot program to then implement it in a real machine. Moreover, the execution of the digital twin itself is detailed, describing step by step the modelling and the logic introduced. Lastly, it is shown that the project achieves the objectives stated above, thus being allowed its feasible implementation in the industry. Therefore, the use of this technologies will permit to shorten the deadline of the launching process, turning out into a reduction of the associated costs.

The last decades of research have gradually elucidated the complex functions of the dopamine system in the vertebrate brain. The multiple roles of dopamine in motor function, learning, attention, motivation, and the emotions have been difficult to reconcile. A broad and detailed understanding of the physiology of cerebral dopamine is of importance in understanding a range of human disorders. One of the core functions of dopamine involves the basal ganglia and the learning and execution of automatized sequences of movements. Speech is one of the most complex and highly automatized sequential motor behaviors, though the exact roles that the basal ganglia and dopamine play in speech have been difficult to determine. Stuttering is a speech disorder that has been hypothesized to be related to the functions of the basal ganglia and dopamine. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the current understanding of the cerebral dopamine system, in particular the mechanisms related to motor learning and the execution of movement sequences. The primary aim was not to review research on speech and stuttering, but to provide a platform of neurophysiological mechanisms, which may be utilized for further research and theoretical development on speech, speech disorders, and other behavioral disorders. Stuttering and speech are discussed here only briefly. The review indicates that a primary mechanism for the automatization of movement sequences is the merging of isolated movements into chunks that can be executed as units. In turn, chunks can be utilized hierarchically, as building blocks of longer chunks. It is likely that these mechanisms apply also to speech, so that frequent syllables and words are produced as motor chunks. It is further indicated that the main learning principle for sequence learning is reinforcement learning, with the phasic release of dopamine as the primary teaching signal indicating successful sequences. It is proposed that the dynamics of the do

The last decades of research have gradually elucidated the complex functions of the dopamine system in the vertebrate brain. The multiple roles of dopamine in motor function, learning, attention, motivation, and the emotions have been difficult to reconcile. A broad and detailed understanding of the physiology of cerebral dopamine is of importance in understanding a range of human disorders. One of the core functions of dopamine involves the basal ganglia and the learning and execution of automatized sequences of movements. Speech is one of the most complex and highly automatized sequential motor behaviors, though the exact roles that the basal ganglia and dopamine play in speech have been difficult to determine. Stuttering is a speech disorder that has been hypothesized to be related to the functions of the basal ganglia and dopamine. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the current understanding of the cerebral dopamine system, in particular the mechanisms related to motor learning and the execution of movement sequences. The primary aim was not to review research on speech and stuttering, but to provide a platform of neurophysiological mechanisms, which may be utilized for further research and theoretical development on speech, speech disorders, and other behavioral disorders. Stuttering and speech are discussed here only briefly. The review indicates that a primary mechanism for the automatization of movement sequences is the merging of isolated movements into chunks that can be executed as units. In turn, chunks can be utilized hierarchically, as building blocks of longer chunks. It is likely that these mechanisms apply also to speech, so that frequent syllables and words are produced as motor chunks. It is further indicated that the main learning principle for sequence learning is reinforcement learning, with the phasic release of dopamine as the primary teaching signal indicating successful sequences. It is proposed that the dynamics of the do

The introduction of self-driving vehicles gives rise to a large number of ethical issues that go beyond the common, extremely narrow, focus on improbable dilemma-like scenarios. This article provides a broad overview of realistic ethical issues related to self-driving vehicles. Some of the major topics covered are as follows: Strong opinions for and against driverless cars may give rise to severe social and political conflicts. A low tolerance for accidents caused by driverless vehicles may delay the introduction of driverless systems that would substantially reduce the risks. Trade-offs will arise between safety and other requirement on the road traffic system. Over-reliance on the swift collision-avoiding reactions of self-driving vehicles can induce people to take dangerous actions, such as stepping out in front of a car, relying on its fast braking. Children travelling alone can violate safety instructions such as the use of seatbelts. Digital information about routes and destinations can be used to convey commercial and political messages to car users. If fast passage can be bought, then socio-economic segregation of road traffic may result. Terrorists and other criminals can hack into a vehicle and make it crash. They can also use self-driving vehicles for instance to carry bombs to their designed places of detonation or to wreak havoc on a country’s road system., QC 20220425

This thesis consists of the development, trial an application of a computational tool that by the use of the Genetic Algorithm optimization method provides the user with an alternative approach from the traditional trial and error when faced with the challenge of designing end bearing pile groups.The work presents the three main concepts needed for understanding the computational tool as well as the structure of it. The scripting capabilities of a FEM software are exploited in order to automatically generate several design alternatives that are then compared in quality in an iterative way. The developed algorithm succeeds validation against pile group problems with known solutions and is then applied to the analysis of three different real structures with different levels of complexity.The algorithm is suitable for optimizing problems with loading in three directions and several load cases, within a time range consistent with an overnight run, when the density of the pile group is not high. Another potential application is to automatize retaining wall resting on piles type problems within a short amount of computational time., Denna avhandling består av utveckling och prövning av ett beräkningsverktyg som med hjälp av den genetiska algoritmoptimeringsmetoden ger användaren ett alternativt tillvägagångssätt från den traditionella prövningen när den möter utmaningen att utforma bärande höggrupper.Arbetet presenterar de tre huvudkoncepten som behövs för att förstå beräkningsverktyget och dess struktur. Skriptfunktionerna för en FEM-programvara utnyttjas för att automatiskt generera flera designalternativ som sedan jämförs i kvalitet på ett iterativt sätt. Den utvecklade algoritmen lyckas validera mot höggruppsproblem med kända lösningar och tillämpas sedan för analys av tre olika byggda strukturer med olika nivåer av komplexitet.Algoritmen är lämplig för att optimera problem med belastning i tre riktningar och flera lastfall, inom ett tidsintervall som överensstämmer med en löpning över natten, när täthetsgruppens densitet inte är hög. En annan mycket intressant applikation är att automatisera kvarvarande väggproblem inom en kort tid av beräkningstid.

För att uppnå målen med Agenda 2030 behöver fler satsningar göras på innovation och digitala lösningar, såväl inom den offentliga sektorn som inom industrisektorn. Beträffande den ekonomiska hållbarheten har den svenska byggindustrin i dagsläget möjlighet till sparande av mångmiljardbelopp årligen och digitalisering spelar en nyckelroll i att lyckas uppnå det. Det är viktigt med samverkan och en snabb byggprocess, varför digitala verktyg som förbättrar och kan påskynda den är av intresse för hela branschen, i synnerhet sådana som kan användas under projekteringsfasen. Denna studie avser därför att undersöka hur processen av beräkning av byggnadsverks kostnadskalkyler kan automatiseras, genom användning av den data som finns i den digitala byggmodellen. Därför programmeras en applikation som kopplar samman modelldata och kostnadsdata, med hjälp av Byggnadsinformationsmodellering (BIM), programmering och tvåväga informationsflöden. Studien illustrerar genom exemplifiering processen av programmering och undersöker hur digitalisering – i såväl teori som praktik – kan användas och tillämpas på byggindustrin. Applikationen är en produkt som utvecklas och metodkapitlet initieras därför av en designprocess; specificering av krav, funktioner som uppfyller kraven, attribut som motsvarar dessa funktioner och till sist hur de sammanfogas för att tillsammans skapa produkten. Detta följs av en litteraturstudie som utfördes dels för att samla fakta om programmering och digitala möjligheter inom byggbranschen, dels för att undersöka liknande studier som gjorts tidigare. Slutligen insamlades kostnader till beräkning av schablonvärden för olika typobjekt som sedan kan användas i tandem med modellen för att skapa kostnadskalkylen. Inledningsvis beskriver resultatet ingående en förenklad variant av applikationen, i syfte att närmare illustrera programmeringsprocessen. Därpå följer beskrivningen av programmeringen av applika, In order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) defined for Agenda 2030, more investments are needed in innovation and digitalized solutions, as much so in the public sector as in the industry sector. When it comes to the economical sustainability, the Swedish construction industry has possibilities of saving multi-billion sums yearly, and digitalization is playing a key part in making that possible. Both cooperation and an efficient construction process are of importance, why digital tools that can improve and speed up this process are of interest, especially ones that can be used during the design phase. The purpose of this study is to examine how the process of calculating a cost estimate for a civil construction can be automated, using the data in its digital model. An application is therefore programmed, combining model data and cost data, through Building Information Modelling (BIM), programming and two-way data exchange. The study illustrates the process of programming and examines how digitalization can be applied to the constructional industry, both in theory and practice. The application development process is part of the study, why the method chapter is initiated by its design process; specifying customer needs, functions that fulfil the needs, attributes that match these functions and lastly how they come together to make the product. This is then followed by the literature overview, which was done partly to gather information about programming and digital possibilities within the construction industry, and partly for relating this study to similar ones done before. Lastly costs have been collected for calculating template values for different modelling objects, which then can be used together with the model to produce the cost estimate. Initially the result explains a simplified version of the application in-depth, for the purpose of illustrating the programming process thoroughly. That is then followed by the programming of the actual appl

The introduction of self-driving vehicles gives rise to a large number of ethical issues that go beyond the common, extremely narrow, focus on improbable dilemma-like scenarios. This article provides a broad overview of realistic ethical issues related to self-driving vehicles. Some of the major topics covered are as follows: Strong opinions for and against driverless cars may give rise to severe social and political conflicts. A low tolerance for accidents caused by driverless vehicles may delay the introduction of driverless systems that would substantially reduce the risks. Trade-offs will arise between safety and other requirement on the road traffic system. Over-reliance on the swift collision-avoiding reactions of self-driving vehicles can induce people to take dangerous actions, such as stepping out in front of a car, relying on its fast braking. Children travelling alone can violate safety instructions such as the use of seatbelts. Digital information about routes and destinations can be used to convey commercial and political messages to car users. If fast passage can be bought, then socio-economic segregation of road traffic may result. Terrorists and other criminals can hack into a vehicle and make it crash. They can also use self-driving vehicles for instance to carry bombs to their designed places of detonation or to wreak havoc on a country’s road system.