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Buku ini membahas tentang Konsep Ilmu Kewarganegaraan, Tujuan Ilmu Kewarganegaraan, Teori Kewarganegaraan dan Filsafat Ilmu Kewarganegaraan, Perkembangan Ilmu Kewarganegaraan di Indonesia, Perkembangan Ilmu Kewarganegaraan di Eropa, Hubungan Warga Negara dan Negara, Hubungan Peranan Warga Negara dengan Demokrasi Politik, Peranan Warga Negara dalam Aspek Kehidupan Politik, Tradisi Pengajaran IPS Sebagai Pengajaran Ilmu Sosial, Teori Sosialisasi Politik, Budaya Politik Kewarganegaraan, Kewarganegaraan dalam Perspektif Global, Sekolah Sebagai Lembaga Pembinaan Warga Negara, Sekolah Sebagai Agen Sosialisasi Politik, Peran Warga Negara dalam Perumusan Kebijakan Publik, Karakteristik Terpenting dalam Pemeliharaan Demokrasi.

Buku ini membahas tentang Konsep Dasar Ilmu Politik, Budaya Politik, Partisipasi Politik, Politik Pembangunan, Kesadaran Masyarakat dalam Berpolitik, Kesejahteraan Masyarakat dan Pemberantasan Korupsi, Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pembangunan, Sistem Politik, Landasan Hukum Sistem Politik, Reformasi Birokrasi, Stabilitas Politik, Peta Kekuatan Politik, Infrastruktur Politik, Fungsi Legislatif dan Eksekutif, Perkembangan Partai Politik di Indonesia.

source:https://www.nms.ac.jp/sh/jnms/2021/088050485.pdf

Buku ini di susun secara lengkap dengan tujuan untuk memudahkan para pembaca memahami isi buku ini. Buku ini membahas tentang Pendekatan Penelitian Kuantitatif Dalam Penelitian, Skala Kuantitatif, Populasi, Sampel, Survey dan Polling, Eksperimen, Kuesioner, Penyuntingan Data, Etika Penelitian Kuantitatif, dan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Komputer Dalam Penelitian Kuantitatif.

Buku ini di susun secara lengkap dengan tujuan untuk memudahkan para pembaca memahami isi buku ini. Buku ini membahas tentang Pendekatan Penelitian Kuantitatif Dalam Penelitian, Skala Kuantitatif, Populasi, Sampel, Survey dan Polling, Eksperimen, Kuesioner, Penyuntingan Data, Etika Penelitian Kuantitatif, dan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Komputer Dalam Penelitian Kuantitatif.

Buku ini membahas tentang Dasar-Dasar Sosiologi, Bidang Kajian Sosiologi, Perspektif Utama dalam Sosiologi, Konsep Interaksi Sosial, Sosialisasi, Pola Sosialisasi, Stratifikasi Sosial, Dimensi Stratifikasi Sosial, Kelompok Sosial, Kontrol Sosial, Tatanan Sosial, Institusi Pendidikan, Institusi Politik, dan Perubahan Sosial dalam Masyarakat.

Buku ini membahas tentang Konsep Pengembangan Kewirausahaan, Analisis Peluang dan Faktor Risiko dalam Pengembangan kewirausahaan, Kreativitas dan Inovesi dalam Pengembangan Kewirausahaan, Karakteristik Produk dalam Pengembangan UMKM, Strategi Pemasaran Usaha Baru, Strategi Entrepreneurship di Indonesia, Model Pengusaha di Indonesia.

Buku ini membahas tentang Dasar-Dasar Sosiologi, Bidang Kajian Sosiologi, Perspektif Utama dalam Sosiologi, Konsep Interaksi Sosial, Sosialisasi, Pola Sosialisasi, Stratifikasi Sosial, Dimensi Stratifikasi Sosial, Kelompok Sosial, Kontrol Sosial, Tatanan Sosial, Institusi Pendidikan, Institusi Politik, dan Perubahan Sosial dalam Masyarakat.

Buku ini di susun secara lengkap dengan tujuan untuk memudahkan para pembaca memahami isi buku ini. Buku ini membahas tentang Pendekatan Penelitian Kuantitatif Dalam Penelitian, Skala Kuantitatif, Populasi, Sampel, Survey dan Polling, Eksperimen, Kuesioner, Penyuntingan Data, Etika Penelitian Kuantitatif, dan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Komputer Dalam Penelitian Kuantitatif.

Background: Minimally invasive surgery with a step-up approach is essential for treating infected walled - off necrosis (WON) which has a high mortality rate. Percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy with a flexible overtube which has various advantages is performed in our institution. We herein introduce safety and easy percutaneous endoscopy with flexible overtube technique for minimally invasive surgical necrosectomy. Case presentation: The patient was placed in the supine position and tilted to the right lateral side. The skin was incised 8cm according to the situated percutaneous drains. Following the tract of the drain, the cavity of infected WON was reached in the retroperitoneum. The percutaneous drain was removed, and a flexible overtube was inserted. An endoscope was inserted through the flexible overtube. The necrosis was then crushed with saline flushing and removed by suction or forceps. A new drain was placed in the cavity to allow continuous drainage after surgery. Necrosectomy should be limited to a glimpse of normal granulation tissue, as aggressive debridement carries a risk of bleeding and/or organ injury. Using the step-up approach, endoscopy may be useful in cases of minimal residual necrosis. Conclusion: Percutaneous endoscopy with the flexible overtube technique for minimally invasive surgical necrosectomy is easy to perform and safe for treating infected WON., Acta medica Nagasakiensia, 66(2), pp.93-97; 2023

Background: Minimally invasive surgery with a step-up approach is essential for treating infected walled - off necrosis (WON) which has a high mortality rate. Percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy with a flexible overtube which has various advantages is performed in our institution. We herein introduce safety and easy percutaneous endoscopy with flexible overtube technique for minimally invasive surgical necrosectomy. Case presentation: The patient was placed in the supine position and tilted to the right lateral side. The skin was incised 8cm according to the situated percutaneous drains. Following the tract of the drain, the cavity of infected WON was reached in the retroperitoneum. The percutaneous drain was removed, and a flexible overtube was inserted. An endoscope was inserted through the flexible overtube. The necrosis was then crushed with saline flushing and removed by suction or forceps. A new drain was placed in the cavity to allow continuous drainage after surgery. Necrosectomy should be limited to a glimpse of normal granulation tissue, as aggressive debridement carries a risk of bleeding and/or organ injury. Using the step-up approach, endoscopy may be useful in cases of minimal residual necrosis. Conclusion: Percutaneous endoscopy with the flexible overtube technique for minimally invasive surgical necrosectomy is easy to perform and safe for treating infected WON., Acta medica Nagasakiensia, 66(2), pp.93-97; 2023

Le potentiel de la région Fès-Meknès est limité au développement économique et social et aux investisseurs étrangers à moins d'être guidé par des politiques bien définies permettant une meilleure rationalisation des ressources et une meilleure compréhension des ressources de la région L'absence d'une vision stratégique à long terme partagée par toutes les parties prenantes dans la région représente le premier obstacle à l'attractivité de la région pour les investissements nationaux et étrangers. Les conditions sociales sont également l'un des facteurs qui entravent les initiatives visant à améliorer le climat d'investissement local.

Buku ini di susun secara lengkap dengan tujuan untuk memudahkan para pembaca memahami isi buku ini. Buku ini membahas tentang Pendekatan Penelitian Kuantitatif Dalam Penelitian, Skala Kuantitatif, Populasi, Sampel, Survey dan Polling, Eksperimen, Kuesioner, Penyuntingan Data, Etika Penelitian Kuantitatif, dan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Komputer Dalam Penelitian Kuantitatif.

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Danielson, S. L., Grebmeier, J. M., Iken, K., Berchok, C., Britt, L., Dunton, K. H., Eisner, L., V. Farley, E., Fujiwara, A., Hauser, D. D. W., Itoh, M., Kikuchi, T., Kotwicki, S., Kuletz, K. J., Mordy, C. W., Nishino, S., Peralta-Ferriz, C., Pickart, R. S., Stabeno, P. S., Stafford. K. M., Whiting, A. V., & Woodgate, R. Monitoring Alaskan Arctic shelf ecosystems through collaborative observation networks. Oceanography, 35(2), (2022): 52, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.119., Ongoing scientific programs that monitor marine environmental and ecological systems and changes comprise an informal but collaborative, information-rich, and spatially extensive network for the Alaskan Arctic continental shelves. Such programs reflect contributions and priorities of regional, national, and international funding agencies, as well as private donors and communities. These science programs are operated by a variety of local, regional, state, and national agencies, and academic, Tribal, for-profit, and nongovernmental nonprofit entities. Efforts include research ship and autonomous vehicle surveys, year-long mooring deployments, and observations from coastal communities. Inter-program coordination allows cost-effective leveraging of field logistics and collected data into value-added information that fosters new insights unattainable by any single program operating alone. Coordination occurs at many levels, from discussions at marine mammal co-management meetings and interagency meetings to scientific symposia and data workshops. Together, the efforts represented by this collection of loosely linked long-term monitoring programs enable a biologically focused scientific foundation for understanding ecosystem responses to warming water temperatures and declining Arctic sea ice. Here, we introduce a variety of currently active monitoring efforts in the Alaskan Arctic marine realm that exemplify the above attributes., Funding sources include the following: ALTIMA: BOEM M09PG00016, M12PG00021, and M13PG00026; AMBON: NOPP-NA14NOS0120158 and NOPP-NA19NOS0120198; Bering Strait moorings: NSF-OPP-AON-PLR-1758565, NSF-OPP-PLR-1107106; BLE-LTER: NSF-OPP-1656026; CEO: NPRB-L36, ONR N000141712274 and N000142012413; DBO: NSF-AON-1917469 and NOAA-ARP CINAR-22309.07; HFR, AOOS Arctic glider, and Passive Acoustics at CEO and Bering Strait: NA16NOS0120027; WABC: NSF-OPP-1733564. JAMSTEC: partial support by ArCS Project JPMXD1300000000 and ArCS II Project JPMXD1420318865; Seabird surveys: BOEM M17PG00017, M17PG00039, and M10PG00050, and NPRB grants 637, B64, and B67. This publication was partially funded by the Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, & Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA20OAR4320271, and represents contribution 2021-1163 to CICOES, EcoFOCI-1026, and 5315 to PMEL. This is NPRB publication ArcticIERP-43.

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Danielson, S. L., Grebmeier, J. M., Iken, K., Berchok, C., Britt, L., Dunton, K. H., Eisner, L., V. Farley, E., Fujiwara, A., Hauser, D. D. W., Itoh, M., Kikuchi, T., Kotwicki, S., Kuletz, K. J., Mordy, C. W., Nishino, S., Peralta-Ferriz, C., Pickart, R. S., Stabeno, P. S., Stafford. K. M., Whiting, A. V., & Woodgate, R. Monitoring Alaskan Arctic shelf ecosystems through collaborative observation networks. Oceanography, 35(2), (2022): 52, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.119., Ongoing scientific programs that monitor marine environmental and ecological systems and changes comprise an informal but collaborative, information-rich, and spatially extensive network for the Alaskan Arctic continental shelves. Such programs reflect contributions and priorities of regional, national, and international funding agencies, as well as private donors and communities. These science programs are operated by a variety of local, regional, state, and national agencies, and academic, Tribal, for-profit, and nongovernmental nonprofit entities. Efforts include research ship and autonomous vehicle surveys, year-long mooring deployments, and observations from coastal communities. Inter-program coordination allows cost-effective leveraging of field logistics and collected data into value-added information that fosters new insights unattainable by any single program operating alone. Coordination occurs at many levels, from discussions at marine mammal co-management meetings and interagency meetings to scientific symposia and data workshops. Together, the efforts represented by this collection of loosely linked long-term monitoring programs enable a biologically focused scientific foundation for understanding ecosystem responses to warming water temperatures and declining Arctic sea ice. Here, we introduce a variety of currently active monitoring efforts in the Alaskan Arctic marine realm that exemplify the above attributes., Funding sources include the following: ALTIMA: BOEM M09PG00016, M12PG00021, and M13PG00026; AMBON: NOPP-NA14NOS0120158 and NOPP-NA19NOS0120198; Bering Strait moorings: NSF-OPP-AON-PLR-1758565, NSF-OPP-PLR-1107106; BLE-LTER: NSF-OPP-1656026; CEO: NPRB-L36, ONR N000141712274 and N000142012413; DBO: NSF-AON-1917469 and NOAA-ARP CINAR-22309.07; HFR, AOOS Arctic glider, and Passive Acoustics at CEO and Bering Strait: NA16NOS0120027; WABC: NSF-OPP-1733564. JAMSTEC: partial support by ArCS Project JPMXD1300000000 and ArCS II Project JPMXD1420318865; Seabird surveys: BOEM M17PG00017, M17PG00039, and M10PG00050, and NPRB grants 637, B64, and B67. This publication was partially funded by the Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, & Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA20OAR4320271, and represents contribution 2021-1163 to CICOES, EcoFOCI-1026, and 5315 to PMEL. This is NPRB publication ArcticIERP-43.

Diatoms form dense blooms in the Pacific Arctic region from spring to summer, supporting the unique benthic-pelagic coupling ecosystems. Although the Arctic has a severe light-limited season from autumn to winter, diatoms can proliferate in spring when sufficient light becomes available for photosynthesis. One of the crucial strategies for diatoms to survive in unfavorable growing conditions is to form resting stages. Because of enhanced primary and export production in the Pacific Arctic shelves, many viable diatom resting stages can be detected in the surface sediments. However, little is known about the photophysiological response of viable diatom cells, including resting stages, in sediments to light availability. We conducted a laboratory experiment investigating the photophysiological capabilities of the diatom cells containing resting stages using surface sediments from the Chukchi Sea shelf. As a result, diatoms grew dramatically after light exposure, and Chaetoceros socialis complex highly contributed to the enhanced diatom abundance. Their photophysiological changes were also evident from the maximum quantum efficiency (F-v/F-m) of photochemistry in photosystem II, C-13-based photosynthetic-energy (PE) parameters, diadinoxanthin (DD)-diatoxanthin (DT) pool size, and the de-epoxidation state (DES) of DD. Even after the excess light exposure suppressed the photosynthetic activity in the microalgal cells, the diatoms recovered quickly, indicating the high photophysiological plasticity to dynamic light changes. Therefore, our results suggest that diatoms in surface sediments have a high seeding potential for blooms in the Pacific Arctic shelf region.

Background: Although postoperative abdominal fluid collection (POFC) is an important predictive factor for clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF), many patients are asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously. Triple-drug therapy consisting of gabexate mesylate, octreotide, and carbapenem antibiotics has been used at our institution to prevent pancreatic fistula after pancreatectomy. The present study aimed to evaluate the management and outcomes of patients with POFC and to determine the efficacy of triple-drug therapy to prevent CR-POPF after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: From 2016 to 2021, 125 patients who underwent PD were retrospectively analyzed to determine their postoperative fluid collection status. Triple-drug therapy was administered to patients who showed high amylase levels in their drainage (> 10,000 IU/L) on POD 1, 3, or 5, and who had any clinical symptoms associated with POFC. Results: The overall rate of POFC was 26% (n=33). Among these patients, CR-POPF developed in 16 patients (48%). There was no CR-POPF patient in the NO-POFC patient group. Triple-drug therapy was performed for 30 patients according to a preexisting treatment algorithm. Among these 30 patients, there were 23 POFC and 7 No-POFC patients. Twelve (52%) of the POFC patients developed CR-POPF despite treatment with triple-drug therapy. There were no CR-POPF patients in the NoPOFC patient group. Conclusions: Although POFC after PD is an important finding for CR-POPF, it does not necessarily develop into CR-POPF. The administration of triple-drug therapy is effective for the prevention of CR-POPF in cases without POFC fluid drainage as well as in those with POFC., Acta medica Nagasakiensia, 66(1), pp.29-34; 2022

Diatoms form dense blooms in the Pacific Arctic region from spring to summer, supporting the unique benthic-pelagic coupling ecosystems. Although the Arctic has a severe light-limited season from autumn to winter, diatoms can proliferate in spring when sufficient light becomes available for photosynthesis. One of the crucial strategies for diatoms to survive in unfavorable growing conditions is to form resting stages. Because of enhanced primary and export production in the Pacific Arctic shelves, many viable diatom resting stages can be detected in the surface sediments. However, little is known about the photophysiological response of viable diatom cells, including resting stages, in sediments to light availability. We conducted a laboratory experiment investigating the photophysiological capabilities of the diatom cells containing resting stages using surface sediments from the Chukchi Sea shelf. As a result, diatoms grew dramatically after light exposure, and Chaetoceros socialis complex highly contributed to the enhanced diatom abundance. Their photophysiological changes were also evident from the maximum quantum efficiency (F-v/F-m) of photochemistry in photosystem II, C-13-based photosynthetic-energy (PE) parameters, diadinoxanthin (DD)-diatoxanthin (DT) pool size, and the de-epoxidation state (DES) of DD. Even after the excess light exposure suppressed the photosynthetic activity in the microalgal cells, the diatoms recovered quickly, indicating the high photophysiological plasticity to dynamic light changes. Therefore, our results suggest that diatoms in surface sediments have a high seeding potential for blooms in the Pacific Arctic shelf region.

The 13th Symposium on Polar Science/Interdisciplinary sessions [IA] Arctic research, Thu. 17 Nov.

The 13th Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions [OM] Polar meteorology and glaciology, Wed. 16 Nov.

Arctic MAG containg nifH: A set of nifH-containing MAGs reconstructed from Arctic metagenomes Gene annotation: A set of gene annotation of each diazotroph genome used in this study

Background: Although postoperative abdominal fluid collection (POFC) is an important predictive factor for clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF), many patients are asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously. Triple-drug therapy consisting of gabexate mesylate, octreotide, and carbapenem antibiotics has been used at our institution to prevent pancreatic fistula after pancreatectomy. The present study aimed to evaluate the management and outcomes of patients with POFC and to determine the efficacy of triple-drug therapy to prevent CR-POPF after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: From 2016 to 2021, 125 patients who underwent PD were retrospectively analyzed to determine their postoperative fluid collection status. Triple-drug therapy was administered to patients who showed high amylase levels in their drainage (> 10,000 IU/L) on POD 1, 3, or 5, and who had any clinical symptoms associated with POFC. Results: The overall rate of POFC was 26% (n=33). Among these patients, CR-POPF developed in 16 patients (48%). There was no CR-POPF patient in the NO-POFC patient group. Triple-drug therapy was performed for 30 patients according to a preexisting treatment algorithm. Among these 30 patients, there were 23 POFC and 7 No-POFC patients. Twelve (52%) of the POFC patients developed CR-POPF despite treatment with triple-drug therapy. There were no CR-POPF patients in the NoPOFC patient group. Conclusions: Although POFC after PD is an important finding for CR-POPF, it does not necessarily develop into CR-POPF. The administration of triple-drug therapy is effective for the prevention of CR-POPF in cases without POFC fluid drainage as well as in those with POFC., Acta medica Nagasakiensia, 66(1), pp.29-34; 2022

The 13th Symposium on Polar Science/Interdisciplinary sessions [IA] Arctic research, Thu. 17 Nov.

The 13th Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions [OM] Polar meteorology and glaciology, Wed. 16 Nov.

Diatoms form dense blooms in the Pacific Arctic region from spring to summer, supporting the unique benthic-pelagic coupling ecosystems. Although the Arctic has a severe light-limited season from autumn to winter, diatoms can proliferate in spring when sufficient light becomes available for photosynthesis. One of the crucial strategies for diatoms to survive in unfavorable growing conditions is to form resting stages. Because of enhanced primary and export production in the Pacific Arctic shelves, many viable diatom resting stages can be detected in the surface sediments. However, little is known about the photophysiological response of viable diatom cells, including resting stages, in sediments to light availability. We conducted a laboratory experiment investigating the photophysiological capabilities of the diatom cells containing resting stages using surface sediments from the Chukchi Sea shelf. As a result, diatoms grew dramatically after light exposure, and Chaetoceros socialis complex highly contributed to the enhanced diatom abundance. Their photophysiological changes were also evident from the maximum quantum efficiency (F-v/F-m) of photochemistry in photosystem II, C-13-based photosynthetic-energy (PE) parameters, diadinoxanthin (DD)-diatoxanthin (DT) pool size, and the de-epoxidation state (DES) of DD. Even after the excess light exposure suppressed the photosynthetic activity in the microalgal cells, the diatoms recovered quickly, indicating the high photophysiological plasticity to dynamic light changes. Therefore, our results suggest that diatoms in surface sediments have a high seeding potential for blooms in the Pacific Arctic shelf region.

Domestic sheep and their wild relatives harbor substantial genetic variants that can form the backbone of molecular breeding, but their genome landscapes remain understudied. Here, we present a comprehensive genome resource for wild ovine species, landraces and improved breeds of domestic sheep, comprising high-coverage (∼16.10×) whole genomes of 810 samples from 7 wild species and 158 diverse domestic populations. We detected, in total, ∼121.2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, ∼61 million of which are novel. Some display significant (P < 0.001) differences in frequency between wild and domestic species, or are private to continent-wide or individual sheep populations. Retained or introgressed wild gene variants in domestic populations have contributed to local adaptation, such as the variation in the HBB associated with plateau adaptation. We identified novel and previously reported targets of selection on morphological and agronomic traits such as stature, horn, tail configuration, and wool fineness. We explored the genetic basis of wool fineness and unveiled a novel mutation (chr25: T7,068,586C) in the 3′-UTR of IRF2BP2 as plausible causal variant for fleece fiber diameter. We reconstructed prehistorical migrations from the Near Eastern domestication center to South-and-Southeast Asia and found two main waves of migrations across the Eurasian Steppe and the Iranian Plateau in the Early and Late Bronze Ages. Our findings refine our understanding of genome variation as shaped by continental migrations, introgression, adaptation, and selection of sheep.

The impact of increasing atmospheric CO2 and the resulting decreasing pH of seawater are in the focus of current environmental research. These factors cause problems for marine calcifiers such as reduced calcification rates and the dissolution of calcareous skeletons. While the impact on recent organisms is well established, little is known about long-term evolutionary consequences. Here, we assessed whether ammonoids reacted to environmental change by changing septal thickness. We measured the septal thickness of ammonoid phragmocones through ontogeny in order to test the hypothesis that atmospheric pCO2, seawater pH and other factors affected aragonite biomineralisation in ammonoids. Particularly, we studied septal thickness of ammonoids before and after the ocean acidification event in the latest Triassic until the Early Cretaceous. Early Jurassic ammonoid lineages had thinner septa relative to diameter than their Late Triassic relatives, which we tentatively interpret as consequence of a positive selection for reduced shell material as an evolutionary response to this ocean acidification event. This response was preserved within several lineages among the Early Jurassic descendants of these ammonoids. By contrast, we did not find a significant correlation between septal thickness and long-term atmospheric pCO2 or seawater pH, but we discovered a correlation with palaeolatitude.

This paper examines algorithms for estimating terrestrial albedo from the products of the Global Change Observation Mission – Climate (GCOM-C)/Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI), which was launched in December 2017 by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. We selected two algorithms: one based on a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model and one based on multi-regression models. The former determines kernel-driven BRDF model parameters from multiple sets of reflectance and estimates the land surface albedo from those parameters. The latter estimates the land surface albedo from a single set of reflectance with multi-regression models. The multi-regression models are derived for an arbitrary geometry from datasets of simulated albedo and multi-angular reflectance. In experiments using in situ multi-temporal data for barren land, deciduous broadleaf forests, and paddy fields, the albedos estimated by the BRDF-based and multi-regression-based algorithms achieve reasonable root-mean-square errors. However, the latter algorithm requires information about the land cover of the pixel of interest, and the variance of its estimated albedo is sensitive to the observation geometry. We therefore conclude that the BRDF-based algorithm is more robust and can be applied to SGLI operational albedo products for various applications, including climate-change research.

A population of Pseudogagrella amamiana (Nakatsudi 1942) (Arachnida: Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae) was found from a town park in the suburbs of Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Honshu, Japan, in 2017. Furthermore, another population of the species was found from Unomisaki Point, Ishihama Beach, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture, in 2019. This species has been known from the Ryukyu Islands (in and north of Kumejima Island), and sporadically from Kyushu and westernmost part of Honshu (Yamaguchi Prefecture). It is highly probable that these populations in Yokohama and Unomisaki Point have originated from a few males and females or a gravid female or soil litter containing eggs somehow introduced from the native ranges of the species, because the present localities are more than 700 km apart from the nearest known locality of the species in Yamaguchi Prefecture. The chromosome number of these populations showed 2n = 18, hence it seems that the population came from the native ranges of the species other than Okinawa and Kumejima Islands where it is 2n = 20.

Résumé :Le maraîchage constitue un socle pour la sécurité alimentaire des ménages urbains et périurbains. Toutefois, ce maraîchage est soumis à l’utilisation des intrants chimiques, des variétés sélectionnées et des organismes génétiquement modifiés. Ces pratiques sont de plus en plus sujettes à controverse et sont susceptibles d’entacher la durabilité des exploitations maraîchères. La présente étude a évalué la durabilité de 120 exploitations maraîchères choisies de manière aléatoire et simple à l’aide de l’indicateur de la durabilité de la production maraîchère. Il ressort des résultats de cette étude que la plus grande partie des exploitations recensées se caractérisent par une faible durabilité dont le caractère limitant est la dimension agroécologique. Le perfectionnement des composantes « Diversité écologique », « Organisation spatiale », et « Pratiques agricoles » sont les voies d'amélioration de la durabilité globale de la production maraichère à Meknès (Maroc). La durabilité Socioterritoriale de la production est caractérisée par un déficit de formation des producteurs, un manque d'hygiène et de sécurité dans les activités de production et une faible contribution à l'emploi. La dimension économique est caractérisée par une faible viabilité, une faible transmissibilité économique, mais une indépendance et une autonomie financière. Afin de pérenniser le maraîchage au niveau de la ville de Meknès, il apparaît donc nécessaire de promouvoir l’intensification écologique, la diversification intégrée et la promotion des intrants locaux auprès des différents types d’exploitations maraichères.Mots clés : Meknes, durabilité, évaluation, production maraîchère, MarocSummary :The market gardening sector is currently developing a series of modern agricultural techniques including the use of pesticides, fertilizers, growth promoters, selected varieties and genetically modified organisms. These practices are becoming increasingly controversial. The evaluation of the sustain

Résumé :Le maraîchage constitue un socle pour la sécurité alimentaire des ménages urbains et périurbains. Toutefois, ce maraîchage est soumis à l’utilisation des intrants chimiques, des variétés sélectionnées et des organismes génétiquement modifiés. Ces pratiques sont de plus en plus sujettes à controverse et sont susceptibles d’entacher la durabilité des exploitations maraîchères. La présente étude a évalué la durabilité de 120 exploitations maraîchères choisies de manière aléatoire et simple à l’aide de l’indicateur de la durabilité de la production maraîchère. Il ressort des résultats de cette étude que la plus grande partie des exploitations recensées se caractérisent par une faible durabilité dont le caractère limitant est la dimension agroécologique. Le perfectionnement des composantes « Diversité écologique », « Organisation spatiale », et « Pratiques agricoles » sont les voies d'amélioration de la durabilité globale de la production maraichère à Meknès (Maroc). La durabilité Socioterritoriale de la production est caractérisée par un déficit de formation des producteurs, un manque d'hygiène et de sécurité dans les activités de production et une faible contribution à l'emploi. La dimension économique est caractérisée par une faible viabilité, une faible transmissibilité économique, mais une indépendance et une autonomie financière. Afin de pérenniser le maraîchage au niveau de la ville de Meknès, il apparaît donc nécessaire de promouvoir l’intensification écologique, la diversification intégrée et la promotion des intrants locaux auprès des différents types d’exploitations maraichères.Mots clés : Meknes, durabilité, évaluation, production maraîchère, MarocSummary :The market gardening sector is currently developing a series of modern agricultural techniques including the use of pesticides, fertilizers, growth promoters, selected varieties and genetically modified organisms. These practices are becoming increasingly controversial. The evaluation of the sustain

Summary:Objective: The aim of this research is to study the epidemiological profile of hospitalisations for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the provincial hospital centre of Sidi Saïd. Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study of subjects hospitalised for asthma and COPD at the Sidi Saïd Hospital Centre over a period of 8 years (2005-2012). Results: COPD was more pronounced in males (93.05%), while asthma attacks were more frequent in females (52.86%). 93.04% of COPD cases were over 44 years of age and 65% of asthmatics were 45 years of age or older. Both chronic respiratory affections were more prevalent during the autumn-winter period. Conclusion: Chronic respiratory diseases represent a real health and socio-economic problem for families and health care facilities. The frequency, evolution and severity of these diseases should prompt us to conduct further research on this subject in order to find the most plausible solutions to reduce the negative repercussions.Keys words: hospitalisations; respiratory diseases; COPD; asthma; MeknesRésumé:Objectif: Cette étude a pour but d’étudier le profil épidémiologique des hospitalisations pour asthme et pour bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) au centre hospitalier provincial de Sidi Saïd. Méthodes: Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective et descriptive portant sur les sujets hospitalisés pour asthme et pour BPCO au centre hospitalier de Sidi Saïd et s’étalant sur une période de 8 années (2005-2012). Résultats: la BPCO était plus prononcée chez les sujets de sexe masculin (93,05 %), alors que les crises d’asthme étaient plus fréquentes chez le sexe féminin avec un taux noté de 52,86 %). 93,04 % des cas de BPCO avaient plus de 44 ans et 65 % des asthmatiques avaient 45 ans ou plus. Les deux affections respiratoires chroniques étaient plus répandues durant la période automno-hivernale. Conclusion: Les pathologies respiratoires chroniques représentent un véritable problème à l

Summary:Objective: The aim of this research is to study the epidemiological profile of hospitalisations for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the provincial hospital centre of Sidi Saïd. Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study of subjects hospitalised for asthma and COPD at the Sidi Saïd Hospital Centre over a period of 8 years (2005-2012). Results: COPD was more pronounced in males (93.05%), while asthma attacks were more frequent in females (52.86%). 93.04% of COPD cases were over 44 years of age and 65% of asthmatics were 45 years of age or older. Both chronic respiratory affections were more prevalent during the autumn-winter period. Conclusion: Chronic respiratory diseases represent a real health and socio-economic problem for families and health care facilities. The frequency, evolution and severity of these diseases should prompt us to conduct further research on this subject in order to find the most plausible solutions to reduce the negative repercussions.Keys words: hospitalisations; respiratory diseases; COPD; asthma; MeknesRésumé:Objectif: Cette étude a pour but d’étudier le profil épidémiologique des hospitalisations pour asthme et pour bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) au centre hospitalier provincial de Sidi Saïd. Méthodes: Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective et descriptive portant sur les sujets hospitalisés pour asthme et pour BPCO au centre hospitalier de Sidi Saïd et s’étalant sur une période de 8 années (2005-2012). Résultats: la BPCO était plus prononcée chez les sujets de sexe masculin (93,05 %), alors que les crises d’asthme étaient plus fréquentes chez le sexe féminin avec un taux noté de 52,86 %). 93,04 % des cas de BPCO avaient plus de 44 ans et 65 % des asthmatiques avaient 45 ans ou plus. Les deux affections respiratoires chroniques étaient plus répandues durant la période automno-hivernale. Conclusion: Les pathologies respiratoires chroniques représentent un véritable problème à l

L'étude vise à évaluer la perception de la pollution de l’air par la population de la ville de Meknès. Les données ont été obtenues en distribuant un questionnaire aux résidents de la zone d'étude. Le résultat de l'analyse a montré que 62% des personnes interrogées ont affirmé que la pollution de l'air était le premier responsable de la dégradation de l’environnement, alors que la principale source de cette pollution était le trafic routier. Un tiers des interrogés affirme que la pollution de l’air a beaucoup de répercussions sur la santé et selon la population interrogée, le premier acteur qui doit intervenir dans la lutte contre la pollution de l’air est l’Etat et les individus sont placés en seconde position.

L'étude vise à évaluer la perception de la pollution de l’air par la population de la ville de Meknès. Les données ont été obtenues en distribuant un questionnaire aux résidents de la zone d'étude. Le résultat de l'analyse a montré que 62% des personnes interrogées ont affirmé que la pollution de l'air était le premier responsable de la dégradation de l’environnement, alors que la principale source de cette pollution était le trafic routier. Un tiers des interrogés affirme que la pollution de l’air a beaucoup de répercussions sur la santé et selon la population interrogée, le premier acteur qui doit intervenir dans la lutte contre la pollution de l’air est l’Etat et les individus sont placés en seconde position.

The topic of this study is to develop and validate an analysis method of nicotine nasal spray produced at McNeil AB. When developing the analysis method, several parameters were determined in advance to make the method more similar to other analysis methods at the company, making it more practical. However, other parameters were adjusted with the aim to improve the resolution and to fulfil the updated cGMP requirements, where category I, II and IV according to USP <1225> were of interest. The research questions to be answered during this project are; (1) what conditions that leads to the highest resolution, (2) Does these conditions fulfil the cGMP requirements, and (3) if the new method is greener than the currently used method. The aims have been fulfilled by initially varying the temperature, flow, pH and mobile phase gradient by using UHPLC, followed by a full validation where various performance characteristics were studied. Different sequences for the performance characteristics were used for calculations and comparison with the requirements that needed to be fulfilled. The developed method improved the resolution between the analytes as well as the complexity was decreased. All regulatory requirements were achieved except for the robustness. However, the sample solution was only stable for 45 hours, where the aim was to have a longer stability. Thereby, further investigation should be done on the stability. Also, column equivalence did not fulfil the requirement. The new analysis method was significantly greener, with more than 40 times less consumed solvent. Conclusion: The developed method showed good results and will be a good implementation for the company, yet further investigations should be done before sending the validation report for approval., Nicotine nasal spray is produced at McNeil AB, with the aim to help people stop smoking, and thereby decrease the deaths caused by smoking. Since nicotine nasal spray is considered as a pharmaceutical product, the analysis of the product needs to fulfil regulatory requirements. Currently used method was issued in the 20th century, which due to an update in the regulatory requirements, also need to be updated. When developing an analysis method of a pharmaceutical product, a validation of the new method is essential to investigate if the requirements are fulfilled. The method used today was developed year 2019, however this method needed further development before implementation. The aim of this project is to develop this last-mentioned analysis method of nicotine nasal spray, and thereafter to perform a validation by examining various parameters. The analysis method was performed by using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography, a commonly used analytical technique. Analytes that were studied were nicotine, which is the active pharmaceutical ingredient, preservatives, and degradants from nicotine. The goal was to find the chromatographic conditions that lead to the best resolution, and to obtain a method that fulfil the regulatory requirements. Also, the new method was aimed to be greener than currently used method. Overall, this project has been successful where all research questions have been answered. The parameters that were investigated were temperature, flow, pH and gradient of the mobile phase. By using the identified conditions, the new method became greener with a decreased consumption of solvent with more than 40 times. Parameters that were investigated during the validation were: linearity, quantification limit, accuracy, carryover, stability, robustness, precision, specificity, and method equivalence. Also, column equivalence and filter study were investigated. Further investigation should be done regarding the stability and column equivalence, wher

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 126(7), (2021): e2021JC017223, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017223., The Pacific Arctic region is characterized by seasonal sea-ice, the spatial extent and duration of which varies considerably. In this region, diatoms are the dominant phytoplankton group during spring and summer. To facilitate survival during periods that are less favorable for growth, many diatom species produce resting stages that settle to the seafloor and can serve as a potential inoculum for subsequent blooms. Since diatom assemblage composition is closely related to sea-ice dynamics, detailed studies of biophysical interactions are fundamental to understanding the lower trophic levels of ecosystems in the Pacific Arctic. One way to explore this relationship is by comparing the distribution and abundance of diatom resting stages with patterns of sea-ice coverage. In this study, we quantified viable diatom resting stages in sediments collected during summer and autumn 2018 and explored their relationship to sea-ice extent during the previous winter and spring. Diatom assemblages were clearly dependent on the variable timing of the sea-ice retreat and accompanying light conditions. In areas where sea-ice retreated earlier, open-water species such as Chaetoceros spp. and Thalassiosira spp. were abundant. In contrast, proportional abundances of Attheya spp. and pennate diatom species that are commonly observed in sea-ice were higher in areas where diatoms experienced higher light levels and longer day length in/under the sea-ice. This study demonstrates that sea-ice dynamics are an important determinant of diatom species composition and distribution in the Pacific Arctic region., This work was conducted by the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project, Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCSII) project and ArCS program for overseas visits by young researchers. In addition, this work was partly supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Number JP20J20410 and JP21H02263. We thank Anderson laboratory members for their support of our study at WHOI, and also thank Robert Pickart, Leah McRaven, and Jacqueline Grebmeier for their support and assistance on the Healy cruises. Funding for DA, EF, and MR was provided by the NOAA Arctic Research Program through the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR Award NA14OAR4320158), by the NOAA ECOHAB Program (NA20NOS4780195) and by the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs (OPP-1823002). This is ECOHAB contribution number ECO986., 2021-12-17

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 126(7), (2021): e2021JC017223, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017223., The Pacific Arctic region is characterized by seasonal sea-ice, the spatial extent and duration of which varies considerably. In this region, diatoms are the dominant phytoplankton group during spring and summer. To facilitate survival during periods that are less favorable for growth, many diatom species produce resting stages that settle to the seafloor and can serve as a potential inoculum for subsequent blooms. Since diatom assemblage composition is closely related to sea-ice dynamics, detailed studies of biophysical interactions are fundamental to understanding the lower trophic levels of ecosystems in the Pacific Arctic. One way to explore this relationship is by comparing the distribution and abundance of diatom resting stages with patterns of sea-ice coverage. In this study, we quantified viable diatom resting stages in sediments collected during summer and autumn 2018 and explored their relationship to sea-ice extent during the previous winter and spring. Diatom assemblages were clearly dependent on the variable timing of the sea-ice retreat and accompanying light conditions. In areas where sea-ice retreated earlier, open-water species such as Chaetoceros spp. and Thalassiosira spp. were abundant. In contrast, proportional abundances of Attheya spp. and pennate diatom species that are commonly observed in sea-ice were higher in areas where diatoms experienced higher light levels and longer day length in/under the sea-ice. This study demonstrates that sea-ice dynamics are an important determinant of diatom species composition and distribution in the Pacific Arctic region., This work was conducted by the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project, Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCSII) project and ArCS program for overseas visits by young researchers. In addition, this work was partly supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Number JP20J20410 and JP21H02263. We thank Anderson laboratory members for their support of our study at WHOI, and also thank Robert Pickart, Leah McRaven, and Jacqueline Grebmeier for their support and assistance on the Healy cruises. Funding for DA, EF, and MR was provided by the NOAA Arctic Research Program through the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR Award NA14OAR4320158), by the NOAA ECOHAB Program (NA20NOS4780195) and by the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs (OPP-1823002). This is ECOHAB contribution number ECO986., 2021-12-17

ShiozakiEtAl_Dataset1.xlsx Environmental and activity datasets collected during the MR17-05C cruise. ShiozakiEtAl_Dataset2.xlsx Read numbers of each sequence variant (SV), taxonomy, and network parameters. ShiozakiEtAl_Dataset3.xlsx Prokaryotes associated with each nitrifier in the network analysis.

ShiozakiEtAl_Dataset1.xlsx: Dataset obtained in the microcosm experiments. ShiozakiEtAl_Dataset2.xlsx: Environmental variables during the 2013-2017 Arctic cruises. BottomPARclimatology: Seasonal climatology of light intensity at the seafloor. Chla_CruiseAverage: Averaged chlorophyll concentration during the cruise periods. SIC_DacadalAverage: Averaged August sea ice extent in 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. SIC_August_1979-2020: August sea ice extent in 1979-2020.

Summary:Objective: The aim of this research is to study the epidemiological profile of hospitalisations for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the provincial hospital centre of Sidi Saïd. Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study of subjects hospitalised for asthma and COPD at the Sidi Saïd Hospital Centre over a period of 8 years (2005-2012). Results: COPD was more pronounced in males (93.05%), while asthma attacks were more frequent in females (52.86%). 93.04% of COPD cases were over 44 years of age and 65% of asthmatics were 45 years of age or older. Both chronic respiratory affections were more prevalent during the autumn-winter period. Conclusion: Chronic respiratory diseases represent a real health and socio-economic problem for families and health care facilities. The frequency, evolution and severity of these diseases should prompt us to conduct further research on this subject in order to find the most plausible solutions to reduce the negative repercussions.Keys words: hospitalisations; respiratory diseases; COPD; asthma; MeknesRésumé:Objectif: Cette étude a pour but d’étudier le profil épidémiologique des hospitalisations pour asthme et pour bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) au centre hospitalier provincial de Sidi Saïd. Méthodes: Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective et descriptive portant sur les sujets hospitalisés pour asthme et pour BPCO au centre hospitalier de Sidi Saïd et s’étalant sur une période de 8 années (2005-2012). Résultats: la BPCO était plus prononcée chez les sujets de sexe masculin (93,05 %), alors que les crises d’asthme étaient plus fréquentes chez le sexe féminin avec un taux noté de 52,86 %). 93,04 % des cas de BPCO avaient plus de 44 ans et 65 % des asthmatiques avaient 45 ans ou plus. Les deux affections respiratoires chroniques étaient plus répandues durant la période automno-hivernale. Conclusion: Les pathologies respiratoires chroniques représentent un véritable problème à l

Résumé :Le maraîchage constitue un socle pour la sécurité alimentaire des ménages urbains et périurbains. Toutefois, ce maraîchage est soumis à l’utilisation des intrants chimiques, des variétés sélectionnées et des organismes génétiquement modifiés. Ces pratiques sont de plus en plus sujettes à controverse et sont susceptibles d’entacher la durabilité des exploitations maraîchères. La présente étude a évalué la durabilité de 120 exploitations maraîchères choisies de manière aléatoire et simple à l’aide de l’indicateur de la durabilité de la production maraîchère. Il ressort des résultats de cette étude que la plus grande partie des exploitations recensées se caractérisent par une faible durabilité dont le caractère limitant est la dimension agroécologique. Le perfectionnement des composantes « Diversité écologique », « Organisation spatiale », et « Pratiques agricoles » sont les voies d'amélioration de la durabilité globale de la production maraichère à Meknès (Maroc). La durabilité Socioterritoriale de la production est caractérisée par un déficit de formation des producteurs, un manque d'hygiène et de sécurité dans les activités de production et une faible contribution à l'emploi. La dimension économique est caractérisée par une faible viabilité, une faible transmissibilité économique, mais une indépendance et une autonomie financière. Afin de pérenniser le maraîchage au niveau de la ville de Meknès, il apparaît donc nécessaire de promouvoir l’intensification écologique, la diversification intégrée et la promotion des intrants locaux auprès des différents types d’exploitations maraichères.Mots clés : Meknes, durabilité, évaluation, production maraîchère, MarocSummary :The market gardening sector is currently developing a series of modern agricultural techniques including the use of pesticides, fertilizers, growth promoters, selected varieties and genetically modified organisms. These practices are becoming increasingly controversial. The evaluation of the sustain