1. Detection of antiretroviral drug-resistant mutations and HIV-1 subtypes in circulation among men who have sex with men, SEM females and female sex workers: results of Vietnam's HIV Sentinel Surveillance Plus (HSS+) system, 2018 - 2020.
- Author
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Hong Hanh NT, Phuong Tram PT, Thanh Ha HT, Duc BH, Thu Huong PT, Quoc NC, Thanh DC, Hien BT, Thanh Ha NT, Quynh Mai LT, Anh DD, McFarland W, Truong HM, and Thang PH
- Abstract
Background: HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) can reduce the effectiveness of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in preventing morbidity and mortality, limit options for treatment, and prevention. Our study aimed to assess HIV-1 subtypes and HIVDR among key populations in HIV Sentinel Surveillance Plus Behavior (HSS+) in 2018 and 2020., Methods: One-stage venue-based cluster sampling was used to recruit participants at hotspots identified for Men who have sex with men (MSM) in 7 provinces and SEM females and female sex worker (FSW) in 13 provinces. Participants completed a standard questionnaire about risk and preventive behaviors, and ART history, and provided intravenous blood for HIV testing. HIVDR testing was conducted on HIV-positive samples with VL >1,000 copies/ml., Results: A total of 185/435 (42.5%) HIV-positive samples had viral load ≥1,000 copies/ml, of which 130/136 from MSM and 26/49 from FSW, were successfully sequenced. Six HIV-1 subtypes were detected (CRF01_AE, A, CRF07/08_BC, B, C, CRF25_cpx), with CRF01_AE (82.7%, 129/156) the most common. Drug resistance mutations were detected in 16.7% of participants overall (26/156), in 15.4% (20/130) of MSM, and in 23.1% (6/26) of FSW. Mutations associated with resistance to NNRTI were the most frequently detected (73.1%, 19/26). The high level of resistance was presented in NNRTI and NRTI classes. There are 10 major resistance mutations detected with NRTI (M184VI-25.0%, K65KR-50.0%, Y115F-25%), NNRTI (K103N-21.1%, E138A-10.5%, V106M-5.3%, K101E-5.3%, G190A-5.3%) PI (L33F-40.0%, M46L-20.0%)., Conclusions: Vietnam's HSS+ system identified an emerging strain of HIV-1 and mutations associated with resistance to multiple drug classes among MSM and FSW., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest and Source of Funding: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest concerning the research, authorship, or publication of this article. This study has been supported by the Vietnam National Strategy on Prevention and Control HIV/AIDS, the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) under the terms of GH001016, and The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. We also acknowledge the support from the University of California, San Francisco’s International Traineeships in AIDS Prevention Studies (ITAPS), U.S. NIMH, R25MH123256. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the funding agencies., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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