22 results on '"Schwensen, Jakob F"'
Search Results
2. Contact allergy to neomycin in consecutively patch tested Danish eczema patients from 2000 to 2023: A cross-sectional study.
- Author
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Kursawe Larsen C, Jensen MB, and Schwensen JFB
- Subjects
- Humans, Denmark epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Male, Adult, Prevalence, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Dermatitis, Occupational epidemiology, Dermatitis, Occupational etiology, Facial Dermatoses epidemiology, Facial Dermatoses chemically induced, Hand Dermatoses epidemiology, Hand Dermatoses chemically induced, Young Adult, Aged, Eczema epidemiology, Eczema chemically induced, Age Factors, Leg Dermatoses chemically induced, Leg Dermatoses epidemiology, Adolescent, Neomycin adverse effects, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact epidemiology, Patch Tests
- Abstract
Background: Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that may cause contact allergy. It was withdrawn as a medicine for human use in Denmark in October 2009 but is still found in some vaccines., Objectives: To identify time trends in contact allergy to neomycin in the period from 2000 to 2023., Methods: A cross-section study of patients ≥18 years consecutively patch-tested with neomycin sulfate (20% in pet.) at Gentofte Hospital, Denmark, during the period 2000-2023 was conducted., Results: The overall prevalence of contact allergy to neomycin was 1.4%. The prevalence was significantly lower in the period '2010-2023' (1.2%) than in '2000-2009' (1.8%) (p < 0.005). Contact allergy to neomycin was significantly positively associated with facial dermatitis and age >40 years, and significantly negatively associated with occupational dermatitis and hand dermatitis. No changes in sex, occupational dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, hand dermatitis, leg dermatitis, facial dermatitis, or age > 40/≤40 (the MOAHLFA-index) were identified when comparing neomycin contact allergic-patients in the two periods '2010-2023' and '2001-2009'., Conclusion: Neomycin is a rare cause of contact allergy in Denmark with a significantly lower prevalence following its withdrawal as a medicinal product for human use in Denmark in 2009., (© 2024 The Author(s). Contact Dermatitis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Contents of sensitising rubber accelerators in disposable rubber gloves: A Copenhagen market survey.
- Author
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Kursawe Larsen C, Schwensen JFB, Zachariae C, Svedman C, Johansen JD, and Bergendorff O
- Abstract
Background: Rubber gloves contain rubber accelerators that may cause contact allergy. The content of sensitising rubber accelerators in contemporary rubber gloves is not well known., Objectives: Identify and quantify the content of rubber accelerators in disposable rubber gloves., Methods: Fifty-one gloves of 49 different brands were collected. Forty-eight of the gloves were disposable and three re-usable. The gloves were analysed for their content of sensitising rubber accelerators, that is, zinc dithiocarbamates, thiurams, thiazoles/benzothiazoles, diphenylguanidine, and thioureas by high-performance liquid chromatography., Results: Rubber accelerators were identified in 43/48 (90%) of the disposable gloves. In total, 39 gloves contained zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZDBC) (0.18-1.96 mg/g), 34 zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) (0.032-2.78 mg/g), three zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate (0.65-1.4 mg/g), one zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate (0.23 mg/g), and one 1,3-diphenylguanidine (0.21 mg/g). 2-cyanoethyl dimethyldithiocarbamate (CEDMC) was identified in three gloves (<0.052 mg/g). The one glove labelled as accelerator free contained ZDBC (1.07 mg/g). Only few glove packages had the specific content of rubber accelerators labelled., Conclusions: The most frequent rubber accelerators in rubber gloves are ZDEC and ZDBC. Accelerator-free gloves may contain rubber accelerators. Full labelling of rubber gloves is needed and producers should be sure not to falsely claim that the rubber gloves are free of rubber accelerators., (© 2024 The Author(s). Contact Dermatitis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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4. Contact allergy to N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl paraphenylenediamine in consecutively patch tested Danish eczema patients: An observational study with historical data from 2013 to 2023.
- Author
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Kursawe Larsen C, Jensen MB, and Schwensen JFB
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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5. Current frequency of contact allergy to isothiazolinones (methyl-, benz- and octylisothiazolinone) across Europe.
- Author
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Schwensen JFB, Uter W, Aerts O, Agner T, Brans R, Bruze M, Foti C, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gonçalo M, Svedman C, Stingeni L, Wilkinson M, and Johansen JD
- Subjects
- Humans, Europe epidemiology, Female, Prevalence, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adult, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact epidemiology, Thiazoles adverse effects, Cosmetics adverse effects, Preservatives, Pharmaceutical adverse effects, Patch Tests
- Abstract
Background: The use of methylisothiazolinone (MI) as a preservative in cosmetic products caused an alarming increase in MI contact allergy across Europe in the 2010s. This was followed by regulations of use with a total ban on leave-on (implemented in 2017) and reduced use concentrations in rinse-off cosmetics (2018)., Objective: To follow-up on the prevalence of contact allergy to MI and the related benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and octylisothiazolinone (OIT) in consecutively patch-tested patients in Europe., Methods: A cross-sectional audit following the design of two previous audits on MI contact allergy from 1 May 2022 to 31 October 2022 included all patients patch tested with the European baseline series, including or supplemented with MI, BIT and OIT across 10 departments in eight European countries., Results: A total of 2554 patients were consecutively patch tested with the three isothiazolinones during the study period. The prevalence of MI and BIT contact allergy was 2.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3%-3.7%; range 1.1%-5.8%) and 3.1% (95% CI: 2.4%-3.9%; range 0.0%-6.6%), respectively; that of OIT was 0.7% (95% CI: 0.4%-1.1%; range 0%-3.2%). Rinse-off cosmetic (73.3%) and leave-on cosmetic products (13.3%) were still associated with eliciting allergic contact dermatitis to MI., Conclusion: We confirmed a positive impact of regulatory measures on the prevalence of MI contact allergy in Europe, which halved compared to 2015. However, our data suggest that consumers may still be exposed to older cosmetic products containing MI. BIT has superseded MI in causing contact allergy, despite not being allowed for use in cosmetic products., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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6. Cross-reactivity between thiuram disulfides and dithiocarbamates. A study of TETD and ZDEC using mouse models.
- Author
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Kursawe Larsen C, Funch AB, Vaher H, Lohmann RKD, Jee MH, Schwensen JFB, Zachariae C, Svedman C, Bergendorff O, Bonefeld CM, and Johansen JD
- Abstract
Background: Rubber accelerators are used in the vulcanization of rubber. However, rubber accelerators for example tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD) and zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) may cause contact allergy. Concomitant reactions between ZDEC and TETD have been observed in patients which could be explained by co- or cross-reactivity., Objectives: To investigate cross-reactivity between TETD and ZDEC and vice versa., Methods: Groups of mice were sensitized with TETD or ZDEC based on reported EC3-values. Proliferation of lymphocytes were measured on day 5. To test cross-reactivity, mice were sensitized and challenged 3 weeks later with TETD or ZDEC. The inflammatory response was measured by changes in ear thickness and the proliferative response in CD4
+ and CD8+ T cells in the submandibular and cervical draining lymph nodes., Results: Sensitization of mice with doses of ZDEC 3%, TETD 5.6% or TETD 16.2% induced significant increased ear thickness and proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Challenge with ZDEC or TETD in these groups induced significant increased ear thickness. Challenge with ZDEC in mice sensitized to TETD 5.6% or TETD 16.2% induced significant increased proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells., Conclusions: We show cross-reactivity between TETD and ZDEC. Patients sensitized to TETD or ZDEC should avoid exposure to both ZDEC and TETD., (© 2024 The Author(s). Contact Dermatitis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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7. Contact allergy to rubber accelerators in consecutively patch tested Danish eczema patients: A retrospective observational study from 1990 to 2019.
- Author
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Kursawe Larsen C, Schwensen JFB, Zachariae C, and Johansen JD
- Subjects
- Humans, Rubber adverse effects, Patch Tests adverse effects, Denmark epidemiology, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact diagnosis, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact epidemiology, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, Dermatitis, Occupational etiology, Dermatitis, Occupational complications, Latex Hypersensitivity epidemiology, Eczema epidemiology, Eczema complications
- Abstract
Background: Rubber accelerators are used in the production of rubber gloves and may cause contact allergy., Objectives: To estimate long-term trend and prevalence of contact allergy to rubber accelerators for a 30-year period in Denmark, high-risk occupations, and exposures., Methods: Data from all patients with contact dermatitis consecutively patch tested at the department of Skin and Allergy Gentofte hospital with the rubber accelerators from the European baseline series (EBS) from 1990 to 2019, were analysed. Further, patients under suspicion of rubber accelerator contact allergy were additionally patch-tested with rubber accelerators from the specialised rubber series from 2005 to 2019 and these were additional extracted., Results: The overall prevalence of contact allergy to one or more of the rubber accelerators from the EBS series was 2.7% with a significant decline in the first 12-years, followed by a stable frequency in the past 18-years. Associations with occupational contact dermatitis, hand dermatitis, and leg/foot dermatitis were found. Wet-work occupations were most often affected and gloves the most frequent exposure., Conclusions: Contact allergy to one or more of the rubber accelerators from the EBS is frequent and has been unchanged for several decades, which calls for prevention., (© 2023 The Authors. Contact Dermatitis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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8. Isothiazolinones are still widely used in paints purchased in five European countries: a follow-up study.
- Author
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Thomsen AV, Schwensen JF, Bossi R, Banerjee P, Giménez-Arnau E, Lepoittevin JP, Lidén C, Uter W, White IR, and Johansen JD
- Subjects
- Denmark, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, France, Germany, Humans, Incidence, Materials Testing, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Paint adverse effects, Risk Assessment, Statistics, Nonparametric, Thiazoles chemistry, United Kingdom, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact prevention & control, Paint analysis, Thiazoles analysis
- Abstract
Background: An increasing incidence of contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone (MI) has been seen, caused, in particular, by cosmetic products and paints. A study from 2015 showed that 93.0% of paints bought in five European countries contained MI. New regulations have been discussed for paints in the EU, which may have influenced this market., Objectives: To re-evaluate the use and concentrations of MI and four other isothiazolinones in water-based wall paints., Methods: Water-based white wall paints (n = 60) were purchased in retail stores in five European countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The paints were analysed for isothiazolione content by the use of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection, and the results were confirmed with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry., Results: MI was identified in 55 (91.7%) of the paints, with concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 142.7 ppm. The other isothiazolinones were identified in 20.0% [methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)] to 88.3% [benzisothiazolinone (BIT)] of the paints. BIT concentrations varied significantly between countries, whereas MI and MCI concentrations did not. There were no statistically significant differences in MI, MCI and BIT concentrations between the current study and the 2015 study., Conclusions: MI and other isothiazolinones are widely used in paints available in Europe. Their use does not seem to be decreasing., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
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9. The epidemic of methylisothiazolinone: a European prospective study.
- Author
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Schwensen JF, Uter W, Bruze M, Svedman C, Goossens A, Wilkinson M, Giménez Arnau A, Gonçalo M, Andersen KE, Paulsen E, Agner T, Foti C, Aalto-Korte K, McFadden J, White I, and Johansen JD
- Subjects
- Europe, Facial Dermatoses chemically induced, Hand Dermatoses chemically induced, Humans, Leg Dermatoses chemically induced, Preservatives, Pharmaceutical administration & dosage, Prospective Studies, Thiazoles administration & dosage, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact epidemiology, Dermatitis, Occupational epidemiology, Preservatives, Pharmaceutical adverse effects, Thiazoles adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: The use of methylisothiazolinone (MI) in cosmetic products has caused an unprecedented epidemic of MI contact allergy. Current data concerning exposures at a European level are required., Objectives: To describe demographics and MI exposures for European patients with MI contact allergy., Methods: Eleven European dermatology departments from eight European countries prospectively collected data between 1 May and 31 October 2015 among consecutive patients who had positive patch test reactions to MI (2000 ppm aq.)., Results: A total of 6.0% (205/3434; range 2.6-13.0%) of patients had positive patch test reactions to MI. Dermatitis most frequently affected the hands (43.4%), face (32.7%), arms (14.6%), and eyelids (11.7%); 12.7% had widespread dermatitis. For 72.7% (149/205), MI contact allergy was currently relevant mainly because of exposure to cosmetic products (83.2%; 124/149). Of these 124 patients, 19.5% were exposed to leave-on and rinse-off cosmetic products, 24.8% only to leave-on cosmetic products and 38.9% only to rinse-off cosmetic products containing MI or methylchloroisothiazolinone/MI. The majority of these (79%) noted onset of their dermatitis between 2013 and 2015. Fifteen patients (7.3%) had previously experienced allergic reactions when they were in newly painted rooms., Conclusion: Clinically relevant MI contact allergy remains prevalent across European countries, mainly because of exposure to rinse-off and leave-on cosmetic products., (© 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2017
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10. Contact Allergy in Danish Healthcare Workers: A Retrospective Matched Case-control Study.
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Schwensen JF, Menné T, Sommerlund M, Andersen KE, Mortz CG, Zachariae C, and Johansen JD
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- Adult, Age Factors, Denmark epidemiology, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact diagnosis, Female, Hand Dermatoses diagnosis, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Allergens adverse effects, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact epidemiology, Hand Dermatoses epidemiology, Health Personnel, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Occupational Health, Thiram adverse effects
- Abstract
Contact dermatitis in healthcare workers is a world wide problem. We conducted a retrospective observational study of the patch-test results of 1402 healthcare workers and 1402 matched controls with contact dermatitis who were treated at 3 hospitals departments in Denmark between 2007 and 2014. The primary objective was to determine whether healthcare work was associated with contact allergy to thiuram mix. Unadjusted univariate analyses revealed that healthcare work was significantly associated with occupational contact dermatitis and hand dermatitis. Contact allergy to thiuram mix was more common in healthcare workers was significantly associated with having occupational contact dermatitis, hand dermatitis and older age. In conclusion, we report here a potential problem of contact allergy to thiurams in healthcare workers with contact dermatitis. Legislative authorities may in the future focus on the use of rubber accelerators in, for example, protective gloves, which are widely used by healthcare professionals.
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- 2016
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11. Allergic perioral contact dermatitis caused by rubber chemicals during dental treatment.
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Schwensen JF, Menné T, Hald M, Johansen JD, and Thyssen JP
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- Aged, Dental Care, Dental Equipment adverse effects, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact diagnosis, Female, Humans, Latex Hypersensitivity diagnosis, Male, Middle Aged, Patch Tests methods, Carbamates adverse effects, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, Gloves, Protective adverse effects, Latex Hypersensitivity etiology, Thiram adverse effects
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- 2016
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12. Sensitization to cyanoacrylates caused by prolonged exposure to a glucose sensor set in a diabetic child.
- Author
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Schwensen JF, Friis UF, Zachariae C, and Johansen JD
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- Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Facial Dermatoses chemically induced, Humans, Male, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring adverse effects, Cyanoacrylates administration & dosage, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, Insulin Infusion Systems adverse effects
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- 2016
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13. Recent trends in epidemiology, sensitization and legal requirements of selected relevant contact allergens.
- Author
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Schwensen JF, Bregnbak D, and Johansen JD
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- Animals, Chromium immunology, Cobalt immunology, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact epidemiology, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Environmental Exposure legislation & jurisprudence, Government Regulation, Humans, Immunization, Occupational Exposure legislation & jurisprudence, Prevalence, Allergens immunology, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact immunology, Occupational Exposure adverse effects
- Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on emerging allergens causing contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in eczema populations and the general population, whereas only a few European multicenter studies systematically manage to detect prevalence rates of various contact allergies over time in eczema populations. Contact allergy is a life-time condition, which may lead to allergic contact dermatitis in individuals who do not manage to avoid exposure to the ascertained allergen in question. It is therefore of utmost importance that clinicians and dermatologists have sufficient knowledge on common allergens causing contact allergies in the general and working population. This review aimed to highlight the newest knowledge of frequent allergens of clinical importance. Literature was sought from the Pubmed™ database, Google™ scholar and textbooks. On the basis of the literature within the last 5 years, a comprehensive review of methylisothiazolinone, chromium, cobalt, rubber accelerators and fragrance ingredients were conducted. Of each allergen we discuss in detail the temporal trend of prevalence, source of exposure, clinical manifestation of allergic contact dermatitis and legislative measurements on how to regulate the exposure.
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- 2016
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14. Persistent periorbital allergic contact dermatitis in a dental technician caused by airborne thiuram exposure.
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Schwensen JF, Menné T, Johansen JD, and Thyssen JP
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- Dentistry, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Air Pollution, Indoor adverse effects, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, Facial Dermatoses chemically induced, Hand Dermatoses chemically induced, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Thiram toxicity
- Published
- 2015
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15. Undisclosed methylisothiazolinone in wet wipes for occupational use causing occupational allergic contact dermatitis in a nurse.
- Author
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Schwensen JF, Menné T, Friis UF, and Johansen JD
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Product Labeling, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, Dermatitis, Occupational etiology, Hand Dermatoses chemically induced, Hand Sanitizers adverse effects, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Preservatives, Pharmaceutical adverse effects, Thiazoles adverse effects
- Published
- 2015
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16. Failures in risk assessment and risk management for cosmetic preservatives in Europe and the impact on public health.
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Schwensen JF, White IR, Thyssen JP, Menné T, and Johansen JD
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- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Nitriles adverse effects, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Thiazoles adverse effects, Cosmetics adverse effects, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact epidemiology, Epidemics, Preservatives, Pharmaceutical adverse effects, Risk Assessment standards, Risk Management standards
- Abstract
Background: In view of the current and unprecedented increase in contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone (MI), we characterized and evaluated two recent epidemics of contact allergy to preservatives used in cosmetic products to address failures in risk assessment and risk management., Objective: To evaluate temporal trends of preservative contact allergy., Methods: The study population included consecutive patch tested eczema patients seen at a university hospital between 1985 and 2013. A total of 23 138 patients were investigated for a contact allergy., Results: The overall prevalence of contact allergy to at least one preservative increased significantly over the study period, from 6.7% in 1985 to 11.8% in 2013 (p < 0.001). Importantly, the preservatives methyldibromo glutaronitrile and MI rapidly resulted in high sensitization prevalence rates, which reached epidemic proportions. Although the proportion of patients with current clinical disease attributable to methyldibromo glutaronitrile contact allergy decreased significantly following the ban on its use in cosmetic products (p < 0.001), the sudden and high proportion of current sensitization to MI requires immediate attention (p < 0.001)., Conclusions: The introduction of new preservatives in Europe with inadequate pre-market risk assessment has rapidly increased the overall burden of cutaneous disease caused by preservatives. We suggest that the cosmetic industry has a responsibility to react faster and replace troublesome preservatives when a preservative contact allergy epidemic is recognized, but the European Commission has the ultimate responsibility for failures in risk management after new, major sensitizing preservatives are introduced onto the market., (© 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2015
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17. Methylisothiazolinone and benzisothiazolinone are widely used in paint: a multicentre study of paints from five European countries.
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Schwensen JF, Lundov MD, Bossi R, Banerjee P, Giménez-Arnau E, Lepoittevin JP, Lidén C, Uter W, Yazar K, White IR, and Johansen JD
- Subjects
- Disinfectants adverse effects, Europe epidemiology, Humans, Thiazoles adverse effects, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact epidemiology, Dermatitis, Occupational epidemiology, Disinfectants analysis, Paint analysis, Thiazoles analysis
- Abstract
Background: In view of the current epidemic of contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone (MI), it is important to clarify the extent of use of MI and related isothiazolinones in paints currently available for the consumer and worker in Europe., Objectives: To elucidate the use and concentrations of MI, methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) and benzisothiazolinone (BIT) in paints on the European retail market., Methods: Wall paints (n = 71) were randomly purchased in retail outlets in five European countries. The paints were quantitatively analysed for their contents of MI, MCI and BIT by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry., Results: MI was found in 93.0% (n = 66) of the paints, with concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 180.9 ppm, MCI in 23.9% (n = 17), ranging from 0.26 to 11.4 ppm, and BIT in 95.8% (n = 68), ranging from 0.1 to 462.5 ppm. High concentrations of MI were found in paints from all five countries. Paints purchased in Denmark and Sweden contained especially high concentrations of BIT., Conclusion: The use of MI across European countries is extensive. In view of the ongoing epidemic of MI contact allergy, an evaluation of the safety of MI in paints is needed., (© 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2015
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18. The combined diagnosis of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis in a retrospective cohort of 1000 consecutive patients with occupational contact dermatitis.
- Author
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Schwensen JF, Menné T, and Johansen JD
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- Denmark epidemiology, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact epidemiology, Dermatitis, Irritant epidemiology, Dermatitis, Occupational epidemiology, Female, Hand Dermatoses epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Male, Patch Tests, Retrospective Studies, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact diagnosis, Dermatitis, Irritant diagnosis, Dermatitis, Occupational diagnosis, Hand Dermatoses diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: The diagnosis of combined allergic and irritant contact dermatitis is an accepted subdiagnosis for hand dermatitis, and it is often considered in a patient with contact dermatitis, a positive and relevant patch test result, and wet work exposure. We therefore hypothesize that it is arbitrary for wet work exposure to be taken into consideration in a patient with newly diagnosed relevant contact allergy. Furthermore, an overestimation of the diagnosis will probably occur if the criteria for wet work exposure are applied correctly, as many occupations have an element of wet work., Objectives: To find the statistically expected number of combined allergic and irritant contact dermatitis cases in 1000 patients, and to evaluate the diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis., Methods: One thousand consecutive patients with occupational contact dermatitis from a hospital unit in Denmark were assessed., Results: The expected number of cases with the diagnosis of combined allergic and irritant contact dermatitis was 0.33%, as compared with the observed number of 6.4%. Females occupied in wet occupations were often diagnosed with combined allergic and irritant contact dermatitis (p < 0.005)., Conclusion: The diagnosis of combined allergic and irritant contact dermatitis should be used critically to avoid misclassification, and possible criteria for the diagnosis are proposed., (© 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2014
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19. Occupational irritant contact dermatitis diagnosed by analysis of contact irritants and allergens in the work environment.
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Friis UF, Menné T, Schwensen JF, Flyvholm MA, Bonde JP, and Johansen JD
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- Adult, Allergens adverse effects, Dermatitis, Irritant etiology, Dermatitis, Occupational etiology, Female, Hand Dermatoses chemically induced, Humans, Irritants adverse effects, Male, Patch Tests, Dermatitis, Irritant diagnosis, Dermatitis, Occupational diagnosis, Hand Dermatoses diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is a common diagnosis in patients with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD). Studies are lacking on the usefulness of material safety data sheets (MSDSs) in making the diagnosis of ICD., Objective: To characterize irritant exposures leading to the diagnosis of occupational ICD (OICD), and to evaluate the occurrence of concomitant exposures to contact allergens., Methods: We included 316 patients with suspected occupational hand dermatitis, referred to the Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Denmark during January 2010-August 2011, in a programme consisting of a clinical examination, exposure assessment, and extensive patch/prick testing., Results: OCD was diagnosed in 228 patients. Of these patients, 118 were diagnosed with OICD. The main irritant exposures identified were wet work (n = 64), gloves (n = 45), mechanical traumas (n = 19), and oils (n = 15). Exposure to specific irritant chemicals was found in 9 patients, and was identified from MSDSs/ingredients labelling in 8 of these patients. Review of MSDSs and ingredients labelling showed that 41 patients were exposed to 41 moderate to potent contact allergens, and 18 patients were exposed to 25 weak workplace contact allergens., Conclusion: In the present study, the systematic exposure assessment did not reveal any new irritants. MSDSs have a limited role in the investigation of ICD., (© 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2014
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20. Occupational contact dermatitis in blue-collar workers: results from a multicentre study from the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group (2003-2012).
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Schwensen JF, Menné T, Veien NK, Funding AT, Avnstorp C, Østerballe M, Andersen KE, Paulsen E, Mørtz CG, Sommerlund M, Danielsen A, Andersen BL, Thormann J, Kristensen O, Kristensen B, Vissing S, Nielsen NH, Thyssen JP, and Johansen JD
- Subjects
- Adult, Case-Control Studies, Denmark epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Patch Tests, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact epidemiology, Dermatitis, Occupational epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Blue-collar workers have a high risk of occupational contact dermatitis, but epidemiological studies are scarce., Objectives: To investigate allergic contact dermatitis in blue-collar workers with dermatitis registered by the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group., Methods: A retrospective analysis of patch test data from 1471 blue-collar workers and 1471 matched controls tested between 2003 and 2012 was performed. A logistic regression was used to test for associations., Results: The blue-collar workers often had occupational hand dermatitis (p < 0.001). Atopic dermatitis was less commonly observed among blue-collar workers (19.6%) than among controls (23.9%) (p = 0.005). Allergens with a statistically significant association with the occupational group of blue-collar workers were epoxy resins, methyldibromo glutaronitrile, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, potassium dichromate, and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI). The following occupations were additionally identified as risk factors for contact sensitization to MCI/MI and MI, epoxy resins, and potassium dichromate, respectively: painting, construction work, and tile setting/terrazzo work., Conclusion: Contact allergy is a major problem among blue-collar workers. The data indicate a healthy worker effect among blue-collar workers diagnosed with dermatitis, as blue-collar workers were diagnosed significantly less often with atopic dermatitis than were controls., (© 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2014
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21. Occupations at risk of developing contact allergy to isothiazolinones in Danish contact dermatitis patients: results from a Danish multicentre study (2009-2012).
- Author
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Schwensen JF, Menné T, Andersen KE, Sommerlund M, and Johansen JD
- Subjects
- Adult, Denmark epidemiology, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, Dermatitis, Occupational etiology, Facial Dermatoses chemically induced, Facial Dermatoses epidemiology, Female, Hand Dermatoses chemically induced, Hand Dermatoses epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occupations, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact epidemiology, Dermatitis, Occupational epidemiology, Disinfectants adverse effects, Preservatives, Pharmaceutical adverse effects, Thiazoles adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: In recent years, the prevalence of contact allergy to isothiazolinones has reached epidemic levels. Few studies have presented data on occupations at risk of developing contact allergy to isothiazolinones., Objectives: To present demographics and examine risk factors for sensitization to methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) in combination with MI and benzisothiazolinone (BIT) in Danish dermatitis patients., Materials and Methods: A retrospective epidemiological analysis of data from three Danish hospitals departments was conducted. All patients consecutively patch tested with MI, MCI/MI and BIT between 2009 and 2013 were included., Results: MI contact allergy showed a significantly increased trend in prevalence from 1.8% in 2009 to 4.2% in 2012 (p < 0.001). Females with facial dermatitis mainly drove the increase in 2012. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that MI sensitization was significantly associated with occupational exposures, hand and facial dermatitis, age > 40 years, and the occupational groups of tile setters/terrazzo workers, machine operators, and painters. MCI/MI contact allergy was significantly associated with the following high-risk occupations: painting, welding (blacksmiths), machine operating, and cosmetology. The occupational group of painting was frequent in the group of patients with BIT contact allergy., Conclusion: Several high-risk occupations for sensitization to isothiazolinones exist. Regulation on the allowed concentration of isothiazolinones, and especially MI, in both consumer products and industrial products is needed., (© 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2014
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22. Occupational contact dermatitis in hairdressers: an analysis of patch test data from the Danish contact dermatitis group, 2002-2011.
- Author
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Schwensen JF, Johansen JD, Veien NK, Funding AT, Avnstorp C, Osterballe M, Andersen KE, Paulsen E, Mortz CG, Sommerlund M, Danielsen A, Andersen BL, Thormann J, Kristensen O, Kristensen B, Vissing S, Nielsen NH, Thyssen JP, and Søsted H
- Subjects
- Acetamides adverse effects, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aminophenols adverse effects, Ammonium Sulfate adverse effects, Benzocaine adverse effects, Cysteamine adverse effects, Denmark epidemiology, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact epidemiology, Dermatitis, Occupational epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patch Tests, Phenylenediamines adverse effects, Thiram adverse effects, Young Adult, Allergens adverse effects, Barbering, Coloring Agents adverse effects, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, Dermatitis, Occupational etiology, Hair Dyes adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Occupational contact dermatitis among hairdressers is frequent, owing to daily exposure to irritants and allergens., Objectives: To identify sensitization to the most common allergens associated with the occupation of hairdressing., Methods: Patch test results of 399 hairdressers and 1995 matched controls with contact dermatitis, registered by the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group between January 2002 and December 2011, were analysed. All patients were patch tested with the European baseline series, and hairdressers were additionally tested with the hairdressing series., Results: Occupational contact dermatitis (p < 0.001) and hand eczema (p < 0.001) were observed significantly more often among hairdressers than among controls. Atopic dermatitis was less commonly observed among hairdressers (21.3%) than among controls (29.4%) (p < 0.01). Allergens from the European baseline series with a statistically significant association with the occupation of hairdressing were p-phenylenediamine, thiuram mix, and benzocaine. Frequent sensitizers from the hairdressing series were ammonium persulfate, toluene-2,5-diamine, 3-aminophenol, and 4-aminophenol. Cysteamine hydrochloride and chloroacetamide emerged as new sensitizers., Conclusions: These results indicate a healthy worker effect among hairdressers diagnosed with eczema. Ammonium persulfate and p-phenylenediamine remain frequent sensitizers in hairdressers with contact dermatitis. Cysteamine hydrochloride and chloroacetamide should be included in future surveillance studies., (© 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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