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The membrane process is an effective way to realize resource reutilization. Most membrane devices are made of cold-roll steel (CRS), which is easy to corrode when operating in acid conditions. Herein, the biodegradable surfactant dodecyl dimethyl betaine (BS-12) was used as the inhibitor to protect the CRS in the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution. The long-term stability membrane tests showed that adding BS-12 will not harm the membrane performance. The weight loss experiments proved that adding BS-12 with trace amount (10 mg·L -1 ) endowed the CRS with good inhibition efficiency (95.3 %). The electrochemical tests indicated that the mixed inhibitor- BS-12 works by inhibiting the anode and cathode simultaneously, and the polarization resistance increased to 21 times. The SEM, AFM, and CLSM tests proved that adding BS-12 enabled the CRS surface to remain stable. The FTIR and XPS tests proved that BS-12 adsorbed on the CRS surface via physical and chemical adsorption. The theoretical calculations proved the horizontal adsorption of BS-12 on the CRS surface and the existence of the electron transfer within the BS-12 and CRS. The BS-12 showed great potential in the CRS inhibition of the membrane separation and purification processing., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Gemini surfactants have become the research focus of novel excellent inhibitors because of their special structure (two amphiphilic moieties covalently connected at head group by a spacer) and excellent surface properties. It is proved by theoretical calculations that 1, 3-bis (dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) propane (BDDACP) molecules can perform electron transfer with Fe (110). And it has a small fraction free volume, thus greatly reducing the diffusion and migration degree of corrosive particles. The potentiodynamic polarization curve showed that coefficients of cathodic and anodic reaction less than 1 and polarization resistance increased to 1602.9 Ω cm -2 after added BDDACP, confirming that BDDACP significantly inhibited the corrosion reaction by occupying the active site. The electrochemical impedance spectrum of imperfect semi-circle shows that the system resistance increases and double layer capacitance after added BDDACP. Weight loss tests also confirmed that BDDACP forms protective film by occupying the active sites on steel surface, and the maximum inhibition efficiency is 92 %. Comparison of the microscopic morphology showed that steel surface roughness was significantly reduced after added BDDACP. The results of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry show that steel surface contains some elements from BDDACP, which confirms the adsorption of BDDACP on steel surface., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The effect of distribution behaviors of rice glutelin amyloid fibril aggregates (RAFA) on the structures and digestible process of wheat starch was investigated, and the interaction was revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. Rice glutelin (RG)/RAFA enhanced the long-range ordered structure of starch, and the relative crystallinity of gelatinized RAFA-wheat starch reached 14.35 %. Moreover, the RAFA was more effective than RG in improving the short-range ordered structure of starch. Simultaneously, the RAFA exhibited higher cross-linking with starch than the RG, forming continuous and compact network structures that encapsulated the starch. After 180 min of in vitro pancreatic digestion, the residual RAFA encapsulating the starch was still observed in the chyme, hindering amylolytic enzyme action and alleviating the starch digestibility. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed that the RAFA, compared to the RG, bound more readily to the starch molecule and formed more stable complexing structure. And the RAFA formed hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of starch through polar amino acid residues (Gln and Asn) and nonpolar residues (Ala, Gly, and Ile) with binding free energy of -263.868 kJ/mol, while that of the RG-starch was -28.798 kJ/mol. The study enriches the theory of regulating starch digestion using food-derived protein amyloid fibril aggregates., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Using deep eutectic solvents (DES) to pretreat wheat straw (WS) and extract lignin-containing nanocellulose (LCNC). Acrylic acid/choline chloride (AA/ChCl) polymerizable deep eutectic solvents (PDES) were used as the primary polymerization network, combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Lignocellulose nanocrystals (LCNC) oxidized by sodium periodate were prepared as dialdehyde-based nanocellulose (DCNC) to serve as the crosslinking agent. Under UV light, a dual-network Polyacrylic acid-Choline chloride/Polyvinyl alcohol/dialdehyde-based nanocellulose ( (PAA-ChCl)/PVA/DCNC) ionic gel was polymerized and prepared, and make it into a sensor. The gel had the advantages of porous structure, good mechanical properties, conductive properties, fast electrical recovery and self-healing. The results revealed the relative resistance of the sensor also changed with the change of the human joint, and also responded multiple times for the continuous same cyclic action of the joint, the sensor could also distinguished different fast and slow movements. This showed the sensor could detect human movement in real time, making it promising for applications in medical devices, electronic skin and other fields, but in real time, the small movement ability of the human body's throat swallowing and bending of the fingers needs to be improved., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The manufacturing of soy-based adhesives with high bonding strength, excellent water resistance, and exceptional environmental performance still faces difficulties. In this work, using glyoxal-urea (GU) resin, chitosan (CS), and soy protein isolate (SPI) as the primary raw materials in order to effectively mitigate the release of free formaldehyde commonly found in traditional wood-based panels. Obtaining an adhesive with high strength, excellent water resistance, and a stable cross-linking structure of GU/CS m /SPI (CS m represents different mass fractions of chitosan solution). The adhesive's structure, properties, and bonding mechanism were comprehensively investigated. The results demonstrated that the modified soy protein adhesive exhibited variations in solid content, viscosity, and contact angle, with viscosity showing the most significant change. Combined with 13 C NMR and FTIR analysis findings, it can be inferred that a compact network structure was formed by GU resin, CS, and SPI. When the mass ratio of GU/CS/Distilled water with acetic acid/SPI solution was 50/0.5/9.5/130 (GU/CS 5 /SPI), the modified soy protein adhesive displayed improved performance and higher storage modulus after curing. The plywood prepared at a hot pressing temperature of 180 °C achieved cold water strength of 2.14 MPa, hot water strength of 1.47 MPa, and boiling water strength of 1.21 MPa respectively; all exceeding the requirements specified in national standard GB/T 9846-2015 for Class II plywood. This high bonding strength and water resistant soy-based adhesive, providing a new approach to the development of environmentally friendly adhesives for commercial use., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study investigated non-thermal pretreatment (cold plasma, CP) on the flavor (taste and odor) profiles of dried fish products. CP treatment of 5 min contributed to accumulation of umami nucleotides adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) from 30.96 to 40.82 μg/g and inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) from 2009.29 to 2132.23 μg/g, and significant reduction of bitter hypoxanthine ribonucleoside (HxR) and hypoxanthine (Hx), respectively (P < 0.05) in the dried fish products. A noticeable enhancement in sweet glycine (from 429.41 to 490.03 mg/100 g) and umami glutamic acid (from 55.68 to 67.76 mg/100 g) accompanied with the CP treatment (P < 0.05) based on taste activity value (TAV > 1). And the characteristic odor volatiles (nonanal, hexanal and 1-octen-3-ol) were strengthened 2.13-, 2.16- and 2.17- folds, respectively (P < 0.05). The results of equivalent umami concentration and Gibbs free energy calculation, combining with the correlation analysis, indicate that nucleotides and free amino acids synergically enhanced the taste improvement of dried fish products. Moderate lipids oxidation favored the formation of characteristic volatiles. The CP pretreatment offered new strategies for enhancing flavor of dried fish products., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A novel microwave-assisted intercalation (MAI) strategy is proposed for fast and efficient intercalation of layered MXene to prepare large-size single-layer MXene. After LiF-HCl etching of Ti 3 AlC 2 , the as-prepared multi-layer Ti 3 C 2 T x (M-T) are intercalated with Li 3 AlF 6 as an intercalator and ethylene glycol (EG) as a solvent under microwave irradiation for 5 min. Furthermore, the dispersed high-quality large-sized single-layer Ti 3 C 2 T x (S-T) nanosheets with a thickness of 1.66 nm and a large lateral size over 20 µm are achieved with a yield of over 60% after a further ultrasonic delamination followed by electrostatic precipitation, acid washing, and calcination. In addition, Pd/S-T composite catalyst, which is constructed with Pd nanoparticles supported on the as-prepared S-T nanosheets, exhibits an excellent performance for rapid and efficient selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes with H 2 under a mild condition. At room temperature, full conversion of nitrobenzene and 100% aniline selectivity are achieved over Pd/S-T catalyst in 20 min with 0.5 MPa of H 2 pressure. This work provides a novel method for facile, fast, and large-scale preparation of single-layer MXene and develops a new approach for constructing efficient nanocatalytic systems., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between serum vitamin D, homocysteine and the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Study design We retrospectively compared the serum homocysteine and vitamin D levels and the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in 104 PCOS patients and 104 controls. Parameters related to PCOS were statistically analysed., Results: Comparative analysis revealed that women with PCOS had significantly greater serum homocysteine levels (P = 0.002) and lower vitamin D concentrations (P = 0.040) than controls. The distribution frequency of the MTHFR C677T genotype did not significantly differ between the PCOS group and the control group. (P > 0.05). In the PCOS group, the serum level of homocysteine in the TT group was significantly greater than that in the CT (P = 0.003) and CC (P = 0.002) groups and the level of vitamin D in the TT group was significantly less than that in the CC (P < 0.001) and CT (P = 0.172) groups. The results were similar when the PCOS and control groups were divided according to whether they had insulin resistance. Vitamin D levels were significantly negatively correlated with homocysteine levels in all PCOS patients (r = -0.281, P = 0.004), similarly, vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with homocysteine levels in the CC, CT and TT of PCOS patients. According to multivariate analysis, vitamin D concentration was an independent risk factor for hyperhomocysteinaemia (adjusted OR 1.372, 95 % CI: 1.100-1.712)., Conclusions: No significant differences were found in the distributions of MTHFR C677T genotypes between the PCOS and control groups but these genotypes affected the patients' serum homocysteine and vitamin D concentrations. Women with the TT genotype have significantly lower vitamin D levels and higher homocysteine levels than women with the CC and CT genotypes. However, because of the limitations of this investigation, large-sample, high-quality prospective studies are needed to further verify these results in the future., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature infants one month after birth., Methods: Preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks) admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2017 to 2022 were divided into ROP and non-ROP groups based on ROP occurrence any stage. Serum 25(OH)D levels and clinical data were compared between the two groups at 1 month after birth, and the relationship between vitamin D levels and ROP was analyzed., Results: Among the 217 premature infants included, 55 (25.35%) were in the ROP group, and 162 (74.65%) were in the non-ROP group. The ROP group had lower gestational age and birth weight, longer invasive ventilation (IV), non-invasive ventilation (NIV), and oxygen therapy times compared to the non-ROP group. Apgar scores, cesarean delivery, and antenatal steroids ratios were lower in the ROP group, while sepsis and pulmonary surfactant utilization ratios were higher (all p  < 0.05). Significant differences in serum 25-(OH)D levels were observed among children in the non-ROP group (14.20 ± 5.07 ng/ml), ROP treated group (7.891 ± 1.878 ng/ml), and untreated group (12.168 ± 4.354 ng/ml) ( p  < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis identified antenatal steroids as protective factors and lower birth weight, serum 25-(OH)D levels, long-term invasive mechanical ventilation, and sepsis as independent risk factors for ROP in premature infants., Conclusion: Vitamin D, lower birth weight, long-term invasive mechanical ventilation, and sepsis were associated with incidence of ROP in preterm infants. Vitamin D was associated with the severity of ROP, emphasizing the importance of prudent vitamin D supplementation and regular monitoring of serum 25-(OH)D levels., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Yin, Xu, Zhang, Li, Xi, Ma, Sun, Yang, Li and Jiang.)

Background: Gefitinib (GR), a representative drug of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), is a key pillar in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), but drug resistance is universal. Identifying the potential factors of drug resistance to GR is essential to treat patients with EGFR mutant LUAD., Methods: The GR-resistant LUAD cells were established and confirmed by MTT assay. The effects of PC4 and SRSF1 interacting protein 1 (PSIP1) on GR-resistant cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo were detected by colony formation, flow cytometry, tumor-bearing animal model, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL staining. Western blotting and qPCR were used to determine the expression of relevant markers. The effect of PSIP1 on the promoter region of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family member 3 (WASF3) was detected by the dual-luciferase assay. The interaction between PSIP1 and RNA polymerase II was evaluated using ChIP-qPCR and Co-IP assays., Results: PSIP1 was highly enriched in GR-resistant LUAD cells. Downregulation of PSIP1 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation of LUAD-resistant cells and promoted apoptosis. WASF3 was shown to have similar effects as PSIP1 in promoting drug resistance in LUAD cells. PSIP1 promoted the transcriptional activity of WASF3, which was achieved by increasing RNA polymerase II recruitment on the WASF3 promoter. Furthermore, PSIP1 positively regulated the expression of the pro-EGFR-TKI resistance factor integrin subunit beta 3 (ITGB3)., Conclusion: Our work suggests that PSIP1 promotes resistance to GR in LUAD cells by inducing the expression of WASF3 and its downstream regulator ITGB3., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Federación de Sociedades Españolas de Oncología (FESEO).)

Two new aromatic compounds, namely gastupdin A ( 1 ), and gastupdin B ( 2 ), together with three known compounds, arundin( 3 ), phomosines B ( 4 ) and monocillin IV ( 5 ), were isolated from the aerial parts of Gastrodia elata Blume. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed through spectral analyses including NMR, HR-ESI-MS, ECD, UV, and IR. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cell death in Human Neuroblastoma Cells, with curcumin as the positive control, however, the activity of all compounds was weaker than the positive control, showing no significant activity.

Unsatisfactory performance of ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) catalysts hinders the application of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs), while traditional alloy catalysts (like PdPt) is cursed by Sabatier principle due to countable active site types. However, bacterial soluble extracellular polymeric substances (s-EPS) owning abundent functional groups may help breacking through it by contrusting different active sites on PdPt and inducing them to play synergy effect, which is called interface engineering. Using s-EPS to engineer catalysts is more green and consumes lower energy compared to chemical reagents. Herein, PdPt alloy nanoparticles (≈2.1 nm) are successfully in situ synthesized by/on s-EPS of Bacillus megaterium, an ex-holotype. Tryptophan residuals are proved as the main reductant. In EOR, PdPt@s-EPS shows higher activity (3.89 mA cm -2 ) than Pd@s-EPS, Pt@s-EPS, Pt/C and most reported akin catalysts. Its stability and durability are excellent, too. DFT modelling further demonstrates that, interface engineering by s-EPS breaks through Sabatier principle, by the synergy of diverse sites owning different degrees of d-p orbital hybridization. This work not only makes DEFCs closer to practice, but provides a facile and green strategy to design more catalysts., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

To reduce the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from formaldehyde-based adhesives at the source, the use of low-toxicity and biodegradable glyoxal instead of formaldehyde for the preparation of novel urea-glyoxal resins is a simple and promising strategy. The limited water resistance and adhesive strength of the new urea-glyoxal resins (UG) restrict their extensive application. This study prepared a high-performance, water-resistant WP-UG wood adhesive by combining UG prepolymer with wheat gluten protein (WP). FTIR, XRD, and XPS confirmed the existence of a chemical reaction between the two components, and thermal analysis showed that WP-UG plywood had better thermal stability. Evaluation of the gluing properties revealed that the dry and wet strengths of WP-UG adhesive bonded plywood reached 1.39 and 0.87 MPa, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of UG resin by 35 % and 314 %. The bond strength increased from 0 to 0.89 MPa after immersion in water at 63 °C for 3 h. The results indicated that the introduction of WP promoted the formation of a more complex and tightly packed crosslinking network and developed a glyoxal-based adhesive with high bond strength and water resistance. This study provides a new green pathway for novel urea-formaldehyde binders to replace harmful formaldehyde-based binders, which helps to increase their potential application value in the wood industry., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Treatments that currently exist in the strategic national stockpile for acute radiation syndrome (ARS) focus on the hematopoietic subsyndrome, with no treatments on gastrointestinal (GI)-ARS. While the gut microbiota helps maintain host homeostasis by mediating GI epithelial and mucosal integrity, radiation exposure can alter gut commensal microbiota which may leave the host susceptible to opportunistic pathogens and serious sequelae such as sepsis. To mitigate the effects of hematopoietic ARS irradiation, currently approved treatments exist in the form of colony stimulating factors and antibiotics: however, there are few studies examining how these therapeutics affect GI-ARS and the gut microbiota. The aim of our study was to examine the longitudinal effects of Neulasta and/or ciprofloxacin treatment on the gut microbiota after exposure to 9.5 Gy 60 Co gamma-radiation in mice., Methods: The gut microbiota of vehicle and drug-treated mice exposed to sham or gamma-radiation was characterized by shotgun sequencing with alpha diversity, beta diversity, and taxonomy analyzed on days 2, 4, 9, and 15 post-irradiation., Results: No significant alpha diversity differences were observed following radiation, while beta diversity shifts and taxonomic profiles revealed significant alterations in Akkermansia , Bacteroides , and Lactobacillus . Ciprofloxacin generally led to lower Shannon diversity and Bacteroides prevalence with increases in Akkermansia and Lactobacillus compared to vehicle treated and irradiated mice. While Neulasta increased Shannon diversity and by day 9 had more similar taxonomic profiles to sham than ciprofloxacin-or vehicle-treated irradiated animals. Combined therapy of Neulasta and ciprofloxacin induced a decrease in Shannon diversity and resulted in unique taxonomic profiles early post-irradiation, returning closer to vehicle-treated levels over time, but persistent increases in Akkermansia and Bacteroides compared to Neulasta alone., Discussion: This study provides a framework for the identification of microbial elements that may influence radiosensitivity, biodosimetry and the efficacy of potential therapeutics. Moreover, increased survival from H-ARS using these therapeutics may affect the symptoms and appearance of what may have been subclinical GI-ARS., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Horseman, Frank, Cannon, Zhai, Olson, Lin, Li, Hull, Xiao, Kiang and Burmeister.)

In response to the escalating concerns over antibiotics in aquatic environments, the photo-Fenton reaction has been spotlighted as a promising approach to address this issue. Herein, a novel heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst (Fe 3 O 4 /WPC) with magnetic recyclability was synthesized through a facile two-step process that included in situ growth and subsequent carbonization treatment. This catalyst was utilized to expedite the photocatalytic decomposition of ciprofloxacin (CIP) assisted by H 2 O 2 . Characterization results indicated the successful anchoring of MIL-101(Fe)-derived spindle-like Fe 3 O 4 particles in the multi-channeled wood-converted porous carbon (WPC) scaffold. The as-synthesized hybrid photocatalysts, boasting a substantial specific surface area of 414.90 m 2 ·g -1 and an excellent photocurrent density of 0.79 μA·cm -2 , demonstrated superior photo-Fenton activity, accomplishing approximately 100% degradation of CIP within 120 min of ultraviolet-light exposure. This can be attributed to the existence of a heterojunction between Fe 3 O 4 and WPC substrate that promotes the migration and enhances the efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Meanwhile, the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox circulation and mesoporous wood carbon in the catalyst synergistically enhance the utilization of H 2 O and accelerate the formation of •OH radicals, leading to heightened degradation efficiency of CIP. Experiments utilizing chemical trapping techniques have demonstrated that •OH radicals are instrumental in the CIP degradation process. Furthermore, the study on reusability indicated that the efficiency in removing CIP remained at 89.5% even through five successive cycles, indicating the structural stability and excellent recyclability of Fe 3 O 4 /WPC. This research presented a novel pathway for designing magnetically reusable MOFs/wood-derived composites as photo-Fenton catalysts for actual wastewater treatment., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: As the predominant complication in preterm infants, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) necessitates accurate identification of infants at risk and expedited therapeutic interventions for an improved prognosis. This study evaluates the potential of Monosaccharide Composite (MC) enriched with environmental information from circulating glycans as a diagnostic biomarker for early-onset BPD, and, concurrently, appraises BPD risk in premature neonates., Materials and Methods: The study incorporated 234 neonates of ≤32 weeks gestational age. Clinical data and serum samples, collected one week post-birth, were meticulously assessed. The quantification of serum-free monosaccharides and their degraded counterparts was accomplished via High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Logistic regression analysis facilitated the construction of models for early BPD diagnosis. The diagnostic potential of various monosaccharides for BPD was determined using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, integrating clinical data for enhanced diagnostic precision, and evaluated by the Area Under the Curve (AUC)., Results: Among the 234 neonates deemed eligible, BPD development was noted in 68 (29.06%), with 70.59% mild (48/68) and 29.41% moderate-severe (20/68) cases. Multivariate analysis delineated several significant risk factors for BPD, including gestational age, birth weight, duration of both invasive mechanical and non-invasive ventilation, Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), pregnancy-induced hypertension, and concentrations of two free monosaccharides (Glc-F and Man-F) and five degraded monosaccharides (Fuc-D, GalN-D, Glc-D, and Man-D). Notably, the concentrations of Glc-D and Fuc-D in the moderate-to-severe BPD group were significantly diminished relative to the mild BPD group. A potent predictive capability for BPD development was exhibited by the conjunction of gestational age and Fuc-D, with an AUC of 0.96., Conclusion: A predictive model harnessing the power of gestational age and Fuc-D demonstrates promising efficacy in foretelling BPD development with high sensitivity (95.0%) and specificity (94.81%), potentially enabling timely intervention and improved neonatal outcomes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

X-linked intellectual developmental disorder is a rare X-linked genetic disease, manifested as heart disease, intellectual impairment, and developmental disorders. We report a male infant who presented with dyspnea after birth. Physical examination on admission revealed poor responsiveness, deep eye sockets, a small mandible, abnormalities of the outer ears, and reduced limb muscle tone. The child was moaning with shortness of breath and a positive three-concave sign without pulmonary rales. The heart sounds were weak with a grade 2/6 diastolic heart murmur. Echocardiography showed an enlarged heart with increased trabeculae in the left ventricular muscle wall. X-linked mental retardation syndrome type 34(MRXS34, OMIM# 300967) was diagnosed after exome sequencing showed a c.1131G > A hemizygous variant in the NONO gene. After timely therapy including respiratory support, cardiac glycosides, and diuresis, the child's condition improved and he was discharged at one month of age. A literature review showed that, to date, 22 live births with X-linked mental retardation have been reported . The NONO -related phenotype can be summarized as a neurological and cardiac developmental disorder, which may be accompanied by multisystem malformations. The present case enriches the knowledge of X-linked intellectual developmental syndromes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

This study investigated the cryoprotective mechanism of ultrafiltration membrane-separated fractions (>10 kDa, UF-1; 3-10 kDa, UF-2; and <3 kDa, UF-3) derived from silver carp hydrolysates on frozen surimi. The surimi gel incorporating UF-3 exhibited a compact, continuous structure with uniform pores, even after undergoing six freeze-thaw (F-T) cycle, with the minimal reduction in entrapped water (from 95.1 % to 91.1 %) and least increase in free water (from 4.5 % to 6.6 %) as revealed by SEM and LF-NMR analysis. Through molecular docking analysis, three major peptides in UF-3 were identified to form robust interactions with the myosin head pocket, facilitated by hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces, and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the three peptides effectively prevented myosin from unfolding and aggregating by tightly binding to basic amino acids (Arg, Lys) and hydrophobic amino acids (Phe, Leu, Ile, Met, and Val) residues in the myosin head pocket, primarily governed by electrostatic energies (-156.95, -321.38, and -267.53 kcal/mol, respectively) and van der Waals energies (-395.05, -347.46, and -319.16 kcal/mol, respectively). Notably, the key action site was identified as Lys599 on myosin. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic hotspot residues of the peptides worked synergistically to stabilize the myosin structure in frozen surimi., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To develop an assistant tool based on machine learning for early frailty screening in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis., Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study. 141 participants' basic information, scale results and laboratory findings were collected and the FRAIL scale was used to assess frailty. Then participants were divided into the frailty group (n = 84) and control group (n = 57). After feature selection, data split and oversampling, ten commonly used binary machine learning methods were performed and a voting classifier was developed., Results: The grade results of Clinical Frailty Scale, age, serum magnesium, lactate dehydrogenase, comorbidity and fast blood glucose were considered to be the best feature set for early frailty screening. After abandoning models with overfitting or poor performance, the voting classifier based on Support Vector Machine, Adaptive Boosting and Naive Bayes achieved a good screening performance (sensitivity: 68.24% ± 8.40%, specificity:72.50% ± 11.81%, F1 score: 72.55% ± 4.65%, AUC:78.38% ± 6.94%)., Conclusion: A simple and efficient early frailty screening assistant tool for patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis based on machine learning was developed. It can provide assistance on frailty, especially pre-frailty screening and decision-making tasks., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

The models of preserved egg yolk (PEY) and salted egg yolk both treated with or without NaCl were performed to explore the effect of NaCl on the characteristic volatile compounds (VOCs) in PEY. 1-hexanol, 2-heptanone, isoamyl acetate, etc., compounds were confirmed as the characteristic VOCs in PEY mainly induced by NaCl and the formation of 1-octanol, 2-pentylfuran, ammonia, etc., characteristic VOCs induced by NaCl may depend on the combined effect of Cu 2+ and OH - . Among them, 1-hexanol and 2-heptanone were formed from linoleic acid in PS(18:0&#95;18:2) and oleic acid in PG(22:6&#95;18:1), respectively, through multi-omics and correlation analysis. Meanwhile, 1-octanol may originated from β-oxidation of oleic acid in PS(18:1); 2-pentylfuran and ammonia maybe derived from the derivative of aspartate and the degradation of l-methionine, respectively. Moreover, this study provides a new insight to parse the influence of NaCl with/without other exogenous factors on the formation of VOCs in food products., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Brain hemorrhage was found between 13 and 16 days after acute whole-body 9.5 Gy 60 Co-γ irradiation (IR). This study tested countermeasures mitigating brain hemorrhage and increasing survival from IR. Previously, we found that pegylated G-CSF therapy (PEG) (i.e., Neulasta ® , an FDA-approved drug) improved survival post-IR by 20-40%. This study investigated whether Ciprofloxacin (CIP) could enhance PEG-induced survival and whether IR-induced brain hemorrhage could be mitigated by PEG alone or combined with CIP., Methods: B6D2F1 female mice were exposed to 60 Co-γ-radiation. CIP was fed to mice for 21 days. PEG was injected on days 1, 8, and 15. 30-day survival and weight loss were studied in mice treated with vehicles, CIP, PEG, or PEG + CIP. For the early time point study, blood and sternums on days 2, 4, 9, and 15 and brains on day 15 post-IR were collected. Platelet numbers, brain hemorrhage, and histopathology were analyzed. The cerebellum/pons/medulla oblongata were detected with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), p53, p16, interleukin-18 (IL-18), ICAM1, Claudin 2, ZO-1, and complement protein 3 (C3)., Results: CIP + PEG enhanced survival after IR by 85% vs. the 30% improvement by PEG alone. IR depleted platelets, which was mitigated by PEG or CIP + PEG. Brain hemorrhage, both surface and intracranial, was observed, whereas the sham mice displayed no hemorrhage. CIP or CIP + PEG significantly mitigated brain hemorrhage. IR reduced GFAP levels that were recovered by CIP or CIP + PEG, but not by PEG alone. IR increased IL-18 levels on day 4 only, which was inhibited by CIP alone, PEG alone, or PEG + CIP. IR increased C3 on day 4 and day 15 and that coincided with the occurrence of brain hemorrhage on day 15. IR increased phosphorylated p53 and p53 levels, which was mitigated by CIP, PEG or PEG + CIP. P16, Claudin 2, and ZO-1 were not altered; ICAM1 was increased., Discussion: CIP + PEG enhanced survival post-IR more than PEG alone. The Concurrence of brain hemorrhage, C3 increases and p53 activation post-IR suggests their involvement in the IR-induced brain impairment. CIP + PEG effectively mitigated the brain lesions, suggesting effectiveness of CIP + PEG therapy for treating the IR-induced brain hemorrhage by recovering GFAP and platelets and reducing C3 and p53., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Kiang, Cannon, Olson, Zhai, Woods, Xu, Lin, Li, Hull, Jiang and Xiao.)

Photothermal therapy (PTT) makes it difficult to achieve good performance on tumor treatments due to insufficient photothermal conversion efficiency, etc . Combining PTT with photodynamic therapy (PDT) and other therapeutic tools can significantly enhance the tumor-killing ability and has been widely used in the development of therapeutic platforms. Copper sulfide nanoparticle (CuS NP) photothermal reagents have the advantages of low toxicity and simple synthesis; therefore, combining CuS NPs with PDT photosensitizers is an effective strategy to construct a PTT/PDT combination therapeutic platform. However, PDT photosensitizers and photothermal agents generally assembled through hydrophobic interaction, suffer from low coating efficiency or the risk of drug leakage, thus seriously restricting their applications. To address these challenges, CuS NPs with excellent photothermal conversion performance were selected as the core material to prepare CuS@COF nanosheets through a dual-ligand assistant strategy with 4,7-bis(4-aminophenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD) and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde (TP). As a PTT/PDT combination therapeutic platform, CuS@COF nanosheets possess a porous TP-BDT-based COF shell, and it can sufficiently contact oxygen to provide high singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) yield under 505 nm laser irradiation. Upon illumination with a 1064 nm laser, CuS@COF nanosheets can effectively convert the photon energy into thermal energy with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 63.4%. The results of the CCK8 experiment showed that the phototoxicity of the PTT/PDT combination treatment reached 85.1%, which was much higher than the effect of a single treatment. It was also confirmed in vivo that the tumor inhibition effect of the PDT/PTT combination treatment group was much greater than that of the single treatment group.

Background: A marked increase in PD1-positive TFH cells in nodal MZL cases (NMZL) was reported previously and could prompt suspicion for a diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), especially angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL)., Case Presentation: To demonstrate that the pitfall might exist not only in NMZL but also in transformed splenic MZL (tSMZL), two NMZL cases (70 y/o female with enlarged left cervical lymph node and 75 y/o male with generalized lymphadenopathy) and one case of tSMZL (47 y/o male with nodal and extranodal involvement) with obvious PD1-positive T-cell hyperplasia were described here. Although all their initial diagnoses were prompted to be AITL, they were comprehensively characterized by clinical features, morphologic, immunophenotypic, clonality, and targeted exosome sequencing (TES) findings. Case 1 and Case 2 were NMZL with increased PD1 + T cells in the "peripheral pattern" or "mixed peripheral and central pattern", and Case 3 was SMZL with abundant PD1-positive T cells in the "nodular pattern" that transformed to tSMZL (DLBCL) with PD1-positive T cells distributed in the "diffuse pattern." In addition to the monoclonal IG rearrangement and polyclonal TCR rearrangement results, TES demonstrated enriched and recurrent mutations in MZLs and failed to find aberrations described in AITL- or TFH-derived lymphomas., Conclusions: It is important to realize that this pitfall can also occur in more diagnostically difficult tSMZL cases; the integration of histopathology with clonality and mutation studies is also highlighted., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Esterases/lipases from the GDSL family have potential applications in the hydrolysis and synthesis of important esters of pharmaceutical, food, and biotechnical interests. However, the structural and functional understanding of GDSL enzymes is still limited. Here, we report the crystal structure of the GDSL family esterase EstL5 complexed with PMSF at 2.34 Å resolution. Intriguingly, the PMSF binding site is not located at the active site pocket but is situated in a surface cavity. At the active site, we note that there is a trapped crystallization solvent 1,6-hexanediol, which mimics the bound ester chain, allowing for further definition of the active site pocket of EstL5. The most striking structural feature of EstL5 is the presence of a unique channel, which extends approximately 18.9 Å, with a bottleneck radius of 6.8 Å, connecting the active-site pocket and the surface cavity. Replacement of Ser205 with the bulk aromatic residue Trp or Phe could partially block the channel at one end and perturb its access. Reduced enzymatic activity is found in the EstL5 S205W and EstL5 S205F mutants, suggesting the functional relevance of the channel to enzyme catalysis. Our study provides valuable information regarding the properties of the GDSL-family enzymes for designing more efficient and robust biocatalysts.

The effect of soybean oil (SO) on freeze-thaw (F-T)-treated surimi was investigated and its related mechanism was revealed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results displayed that SO has a disrupting effect on the structure of fresh samples. However, in the F-T-treated samples, surimi gels supplemented with SO had a more uniform microstructure. Simultaneously, when SO was added from 0% to 7% in the F-T-treated samples, the gel strength increased from 46.66 to 51.86 N · mm $$ 46.66\ \mathrm{to}\ 51.86\;\mathrm{N}\cdotp \mathrm{mm} $$ (p < .05), the physically bound water was increased from 92.90% to 94.15% (p < .05), and storage modulus was increased from 5939 to 6523 Pa. Triglycerides of SO generated hydrophobic interactions with myosin mainly in carbon chains. Computational results from MD simulations illustrated that the structure of myosin combined with triglycerides was more stable than that of myosin alone during temperature fluctuations (-20 to 4°C). During ice crystal growth, triglycerides absorbed on the myosin surface inhibited the growth of surrounding ice crystals and mitigated the ice crystal growth rate (from 7.54 to 5.99 cm/s). The addition of SO during the F-T treatments allowed myosin to be less negatively affected by ice crystal formation and temperature fluctuations and ultimately contributed to the formation of a more uniform network gel structure., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Aqueous gel supercapacitors, as an important component of flexible energy storage devices, have received widespread attention for their fast charging/discharging rates, long cycle life and high electrochemical stability under mechanical deformation condition. However, the low energy density of aqueous gel supercapacitors has greatly hindered their further development due to the narrow electrochemical window and limited energy storage capacity. Therefore, different metal cation-doped MnO 2 /carbon cloth-based flexible electrodes herein are prepared by constant voltage deposition and electrochemical oxidation in various saturated sulphate solutions. The influence of different metal cations as K + , Na + and Li + doping and deposition conditions on the apparent morphology, lattice structure and electrochemical properties are explored. Furthermore, the pseudo-capacitance ratio of the doped MnO 2 and the voltage expansion mechanism of the composite electrode are investigated. The specific capacitance and pseudo-capacitance ratio of the optimized δ-Na 0.31 MnO 2 /carbon cloth as MNC-2 electrode could be reached 327.55 F/g at 10 mV/s and 35.56% of the pseudo-capacitance, respectively. The flexible symmetric supercapacitors (NSCs) with desirable electrochemical performances in the operating range of 0-1.4 V are further assembled with MNC-2 as the electrodes. The energy density is 26.8 Wh/kg at the power density of 300 W/kg, while the energy density can still reach 19.1 Wh/kg when the power density is up to 1150 W/kg. The energy storage devices with high-performance developed in this work can provide new ideas and strategic support for the application in portable and wearable electronic devices., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To explore the application of genetic abnormalities in the diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and the reliable pathological prognostic factors., Methods: This study included 53 AITL cases, which were reviewed for morphological patterns, immunophenotypes, presence of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS)-like cells, and co-occurrence of B cell proliferation. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive cells in tissues were counted, and cases were classified into "EBV encoded RNA (EBER) high-density" group if >50/HPF. Targeted exome sequencing was performed., Results: Mutation data can assist AITL diagnosis: 1) with considerable HRS-like cells (20 cases): RHOA mutated in 14 cases ( IDH2 co-mutated in 3 cases, 4 cases with rare RHOA mutation), TET2 was mutated in 5 cases (1 case co-mutated with DNMT3A ), and DNMT3A mutated in 1 case; 2) accompanied with B cell lymphoma (7 cases): RHOA mutated in 4 cases (1 case had IDH2 mutation), TET2 mutated in 2 cases and DNMT3A mutated in 1 case; 3) mimic peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (5 cases): RHOA mutated in 2 cases ( IDH2 co-mutated in 1 case), TET2 mutated in 3 cases, and DNMT3A mutated in 1 case; 4) pattern 1 (1 case), RHOA and TET2 co-mutated. Besides RHOA G17V (30/35), rare variant included RHOA K18N , RHOA R68H , RHOA C83Y , RHOA D120G and RHOA G17del , IDH2 R172 co-mutated with IDH2 M397V in one case. There were recurrent mutations of FAT3 , PCLO and PIEZO1 and genes of epigenetic remodeling, T-cell activation, APC and PI3K/AKT pathway. EBER high-density independently indicated adverse overall survival and progression-free survival (P=0.046 and P=0.008, Kaplan-Meier/log-rank)., Conclusions: Over half AITL cases might be confused in diagnosis for certain conditions without mutation data. Targeted exome sequencing with a comprehensive panel is crucial to detect both hot-spot and rare mutation variants for RHOA and IDH2 and other recurrent mutated genes in addition to TET2 and DNMT3A . EBER high-density independently indicated adverse survival., (Copyright ©2023 Chinese Journal of Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

The design and synthesis of multifunctional chitosan hydrogels based on polymerized ionic liquid and a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (PIL-CS) is a promising strategy, which not only prevents the transition from acute to chronic wounds, but also provides prompt measures regarding microenvironmental alterations in chronic wounds. PIL-CS hydrogel can real-time visualize wound pH through in vivo NIR fluorescent imaging and also feature the pH-responsive sustained drug release, such as antioxidant, to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to boost diabetic wound healing. PIL-CS hydrogel is specific, sensitive, stable, and reversible in response to pH changes at the wound site. It, therefore, enables real-time monitoring for a dynamic pH change in the microenvironment of irregular wounds. PIL-CS hydrogel is also designed to possess many merits including high water containment and swelling rate, good biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, antifreeze, tissue adhesion, hemostatic performance, and efficient antibacterial activity against MRSA. In vivo studies showed that PIL-CS hydrogel provided fast diabetic wound healing support, promoted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production, and reduced ROS and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) generation. The results support that the hydrogels coupled with NIR fluorescent probes can be an excellent diabetic wound dressing for enhancing and real-time monitoring skin restoration and regeneration., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Construction of a "net-zero-emission" system through CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol with solar energy is an eco-friendly way to mitigate the greenhouse effect. Traditional CO 2 hydrogenation demands centralized mass production for cost reduction with mass water electrolysis for hydrogen supply. To achieve continuous reaction with intermittent and fluctuating flow of H 2 on a small-scale for distributed application scenarios, modulating the catalyst interface environment and chemical adsorption capacity to adapt fluctuating reaction conditions is highly desired. This paper describes a distributed clean CO 2 utilization system in which the surface structure of catalysts is carefully regulated. The Ni catalyst with unsaturated electrons loaded on In 2 O 3 can reduce the dissociation energy of H 2 to overcome the slow response of intermittent H 2 supply, exhibiting a faster response (12 min) than bare oxide catalysts (42 min). Moreover, the introduction of Ni enhances the sensitivity of the catalyst to hydrogen, yielding a Ni/In 2 O 3 catalyst with a good performance at lower H 2 concentrations with a 15 times adaptability for wider hydrogen fluctuation range than In 2 O 3 , greatly reducing the negative impact of unstable H 2 supplies derived from renewable energies., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.)

The combination of magnetic and dielectric materials followed by appropriate structure design is an effective approach to achieve high electromagnetic wave absorption properties. Here, crosslinked Co@CoO/reduced graphene oxide nanohybrids (CCRGO) were fabricated via a simple three-step method. The experimental results show that compared with previous works, the as-prepared CCRGO nanohybrids achieve higher electromagnetic wave absorption and broader effective bandwidth at a lower filler loading. The electromagnetic parameters and electromagnetic wave absorption performance could be apparently adjusted by controlling the adding content of graphene oxide (GO) and the reduction temperature. Among a series of samples, CCRGO3-650 nanohybrid yields the best electromagnetic wave absorption performance benefiting from the proper GO addition and reduction temperature. At a filler loading of 20 wt%, the maximal reflection loss reaches to -64.67 dB at a thickness of 2.53 mm and the effective bandwidth below -10 dB covers the whole X band at a thickness of 2.51 mm. The good performance may be ascribed to the advantages of the dielectric and magnetic component as well as the special crosslinked structure, which triggers a synergistic absorption mechanism including multiple reflection/scattering, interface polarization, dipole polarization, conductive loss, eddy current loss, exchange resonance in the electromagnetic wave dissipation process. The good electromagnetic wave absorption performance affirms the potential application of CCRGO nanohybrids in the field of stealth materials., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The membrane-separated silver carp hydrolysates (>10 k D , 3-10 k D and < 3 k D ) displayed abilities to mitigate oxidation and denaturation of myofibrillar protein and cryoprotective activities for frozen surimi. However, the mechanism of the membrane-separated fractions on ice crystal growth in the system is still unknown. Therefore, the cryoprotective activities (recrystallization inhibition, RI and thermal hysteresis activity, THA) of the fractions were investigated and the mechanism was explored by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to predict the probable binding sites and model the possible interactions between the peptides and water/ice. The fractions < 3 k D displayed remarkable RI activity, with significantly higher THA (0.60 ± 0.13 °C) and lower amount of ice nuclei (4.74 ± 0.53%) than that of fractions > 10 k D and 3-10 k D . The results of MD simulation certified that the main peptides in the fractions < 3 k D interacted firmly with water molecules and inhibited growth of ice crystals with mechanism compatible with Kelvin effect. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acid residues in the membrane-separated fractions offered synergistic effects on the inhibition of ice crystals., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Radiation injury- and radiation combined with skin injury-induced inflammatory responses in the mouse brain were evaluated in this study. Female B6D2F1/J mice were subjected to a sham, a skin wound (SW), 9.5 Gy 60 Co total-body gamma irradiation (RI), or 9.5 Gy RI combined with a skin puncture wound (RCI). Survival, body weight, and wound healing were tracked for 30 days, and mouse brain samples were collected on day 30 after SW, RI, RCI, and the sham control. Our results showed that RCI caused more severe animal death and body weight loss compared with RI, and skin wound healing was significantly delayed by RCI compared to SW. RCI and RI increased the chemokines Eotaxin, IP-10, MIG, 6Ckine/Exodus2, MCP-5, and TIMP-1 in the brain compared to SW and the sham control mice, and the Western blot results showed that IP-10 and p21 were significantly upregulated in brain cells post-RI or -RCI. RI and RCI activated both astrocytes and endothelial cells in the mouse brain, subsequently inducing blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, as shown by the increased ICAM1 and GFAP proteins in the brain and GFAP in the serum. The Doublecortin (DCX) protein, the "gold standard" for measuring neurogenesis, was significantly downregulated by RI and RCI compared with the sham group. Furthermore, RI and RCI decreased the expression of the neural stem cell marker E-cadherin, the intermediate progenitor marker MASH1, the immature neuron cell marker NeuroD1, and the mature neuron cell marker NeuN, indicating neural cell damage in all development stages after RI and RCI. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining further confirmed the significant loss of neural cells in RCI. Our data demonstrated that RI and RCI induced brain injury through inflammatory pathways, and RCI exacerbated neural cell damage more than RI.

We describe an outbreak of echovirus 18 infection involving 10 patients in our neonatal intensive care unit (an attack rate of 33%). The mean age at the onset of illness was 26.8 days. Eighty percent were preterm infants. All were discharged home without sequelae. There were no differences in gestation age, birth weight, delivery mode, use of antibiotics, and parenteral nutrition between the enterovirus (EV) group and non-EV group, but the rate of breastfeeding was significantly higher in the EV group. Separation care and reinforcement of hand-washing seemed to be effective in preventing further spread of the virus. Visiting policy, hygiene practice, and handling of expressed breastmilk should be reinforced.

Zhayu is a type of traditional fermented fish product in China that is made through the fermentation of salted fish with a mixture of cereals and spices. Inoculation fermentation was performed using Pediococcus pentosaceus P1, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L1, and a mixture of two strains, which were isolated from cured fish in Hunan Province. Compared with the natural fermentation, inoculation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) accelerated the degradation of myosin and actin in Zhayu , increased the trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble peptide content by about 1.3-fold, reduced the colony counts of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus by about 40%, and inhibited their lipid oxidation. In the texture profile analysis performed, higher levels of hardness and chewiness were observed in the inoculation groups. In this study, the bacterial community and volatile flavor compounds were detected through 16S high-throughput sequencing and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Inoculation with L. plantarum L1 reduced around 75% abundance of Klebsiella compared with the natural fermentation group, which was positively correlated with 2,3-Butanediol, resulting in a less pungent alcohol odor in Zhayu products. The abundances of 2-pentylfuran and 2-butyl-3-methylpyrazine were increased over threefold in the L1 group, which may give Zhayu its unique flavor and aroma.

Posttransplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy), given on days +3 and +4, reduces graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), but its immunologic underpinnings are not fully understood. In a T-cell-replete, major histocompatibility complex-haploidentical murine HCT model (B6C3F1→B6D2F1), we previously showed that PTCy rapidly induces suppressive mechanisms sufficient to prevent GVHD induction by non-PTCy-exposed donor splenocytes infused on day +5. Here, in PTCy-treated mice, we found that depleting Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the initial graft but not the day +5 splenocytes did not worsen GVHD, yet depleting Tregs in both cellular compartments led to fatal GVHD induced by the day +5 splenocytes. Hence, Tregs were necessary to control GVHD induced by new donor cells, but PTCy's impact on Tregs appeared to be indirect. Therefore, we hypothesized that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a complementary role. Functionally suppressive granulocytic and monocytic MDSCs were increased in percentages in PTCy-treated mice, and MDSC percentages were increased after administering PTCy to patients undergoing HLA-haploidentical HCT. PTCy increased colony-stimulating factors critical for MDSC development and rapidly promoted the generation of MDSCs from bone marrow precursors. MDSC reduction via anti-Gr1 treatment in murine HCT did not worsen histopathologic GVHD but resulted in decreased Tregs and inferior survival. The clinical implications of these findings, including the potential impact of expanded MDSCs after PTCy on engraftment and cytokine release syndrome, remain to be elucidated. Moreover, the indirect effect that PTCy has on Tregs, which in turn play a necessary role in GVHD prevention by initially transplanted or subsequently infused T cells, requires further investigation., (Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), permitting only noncommercial, nonderivative use with attribution. All other rights reserved.)

This paper proposes an encoding-decoding network with a pyramidal representation module, which will be referred to as EDPNet, and is designed for efficient semantic image segmentation. On the one hand, during the encoding process of the proposed EDPNet, the enhancement of the Xception network, i.e., Xception+ is employed as a backbone to learn the discriminative feature maps. The obtained discriminative features are then fed into the pyramidal representation module, from which the context-augmented features are learned and optimized by leveraging a multi-level feature representation and aggregation process. On the other hand, during the image restoration decoding process, the encoded semantic-rich features are progressively recovered with the assistance of a simplified skip connection mechanism, which performs channel concatenation between high-level encoded features with rich semantic information and low-level features with spatial detail information. The proposed hybrid representation employing the proposed encoding-decoding and pyramidal structures has a global-aware perception and captures fine-grained contours of various geographical objects very well with high computational efficiency. The performance of the proposed EDPNet has been compared against PSPNet, DeepLabv3, and U-Net, employing four benchmark datasets, namely eTRIMS, Cityscapes, PASCAL VOC2012, and CamVid. EDPNet acquired the highest accuracy of 83.6% and 73.8% mIoUs on eTRIMS and PASCAL VOC2012 datasets, while its accuracy on the other two datasets was comparable to that of PSPNet, DeepLabv3, and U-Net models. EDPNet achieved the highest efficiency among the compared models on all datasets.

Overexpression of PD-L1 can be a predictive marker for anti-PD-1 therapeutic efficacy in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL); however, harmonization of different IHC assays remains to be accomplished, and interpretations of PD-L1 immunostaining results remain controversial in CHL. In this study, we sought to optimize the PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay in CHL. All tests were performed on a tumour tissue microarray established from 54 CHL cases. Three IHC antibodies (405.9A11, SP142, 22C3) for detecting PD-L1 expression were compared semi quantitatively with the RNAscope assay (No. 310035, ACD), and the difference in the expression in background immune cells (ICs) between assays and the associations of expression levels with densities of TILs/TAMs were also analysed. 405.9A11 demonstrated best specificity in HRS cells and best sensitivity in ICs. Positive expression of PD-L1 was more frequent in ICs (85.2%) than in HRS cells (48.1%). Different subgroups of background ICs, including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), were assessed and scored for CD4, CD8, FOXP3, and CD163 expression. PD-L1 expression on ICs was the factor most associated with the density of TAMs. 405.9A11 provided the most convincing PD-L1 expression results. Pathologists should report PD-L1 expression in a combined manner, including both the status of HRS cells and the percentage of PD-L1-positive ICs., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

This study aimed to screen and characterize antifreeze peptides from silver carp muscle hydrolysate (SCMH). The SCMH was initially fractionated by ultrafiltration, and the resultant SCMH-IV (<10 kDa) showing 90 % of yeast survival rate was subsequently separated into four fractions using ion-exchange chromatography. The fraction with the best antifreeze activity was further analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 514 peptides were identified, of which a novel antifreeze peptide (Sc-AFP, KAADSFNHKAFFAKVG) with a thermal hysteresis activity of 0.87 ℃ was selected. The parvalbumin-derived Sc-AFP showed an alanine-rich, α-helical and amphipathic character. Based on molecular dynamics simulations, the Sc-AFP could interact with 48 water molecules via hydrogen bonds, and could be adsorbed onto the ice surface through a total of 21 hydrogen bonds mainly linked to the lysine residues. This could account for its antifreeze properties via preventing the formation and growth of ice crystals., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Cobalt oxide (CoO x ) catalysts are widely applied in CO 2 hydrogenation but suffer from structural evolution during the reaction. This paper describes the complicated structure-performance relationship under reaction conditions. An iterative approach was employed to simulate the reduction process with the help of neural network potential-accelerated molecular dynamics. Based on the reduced models of catalysts, a combined theoretical and experimental study has discovered that CoO(111) provides active sites to break C-O bonds for CH 4 production. The analysis of the reaction mechanism indicated that the C-O bond scission of *CH 2 O species plays a key role in producing CH 4 . The nature of dissociating C-O bonds is attributed to the stabilization of *O atoms after C-O bond cleavage and the weakening of C-O bond strength by surface-transferred electrons. This work may offer a paradigm to explore the origin of performance over metal oxides in heterogeneous catalysis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Uniform and well-defined octahedral Rh nanocrystals were rapidly synthesized in a domestic microwave oven for only 140 s of irradiation by reducing Rh(acac) 3 with tetraethylene glycol (TEG) as both a solvent and a reducing agent in the presence of an appropriate amount of KI, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), ethylene diamine (EDA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). KI, DDAC and EDA were essential for the creation of octahedral Rh nanocrystals. Electrochemical measurements showed a significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability for the as-prepared octahedral Rh nanocrystals compared with commercial Rh black., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a common neurological disease in the elderly, but the relationship between neutrophil/albumin ratio (NAR) and leukocyte count/albumin ratio (LAR) and the severity of neurological function injury and early neurological deterioration (END) occurrence remain elusive in acute IS. A total of 299 patients with acute IS and 56 healthy controls were enrolled. According to the NIHSS score at admission, the disease group was divided into three groups (mild, moderate and severe IS), and the differences in five indexes NAR, LAR, neutrophil count, leukocyte count and albumin among the four groups were analyzed. Furthermore, explore the correlation between the above indicators and the severity of IS and END occurrence. The results showed that higher NAR, LAR, neutrophil count, leukocyte count levels and lower albumin levels were associated with acute IS, and the levels of NAR and LAR increased gradually in three groups of IS. NAR and LAR were positively and albumin was negatively correlated with the severity of IS. Meanwhile, NAR and LAR showed a good predictive value in identifying patients with END after acute IS. NAR and LAR may be predictors of the severity of IS and END occurrence after acute IS., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

Radiation-combined injury (RCI) augments the risk of morbidity and mortality when compared to radiation injury (RI) alone. No FDA-approved medical countermeasures (MCMs) are available for treating RCI. Previous studies implied that RI and RCI elicit differential mechanisms leading to their detrimental effects. We hypothesize that accelerating wound healing improves the survival of RCI mice. In the current study, we examined the effects of RCI at different doses on lethality, weight loss, wound closure delay, and proinflammatory status, and assessed the relative contribution of systemic and local elements to their delayed wound closure. Our data demonstrated that RCI increased the lethality and weight loss, delayed skin wound closure, and induced a systemic proinflammatory status in a radiation dose-dependent manner. We also demonstrated that delayed wound closure did not specifically depend on the extent of hematopoietic suppression, but was significantly influenced by the toxicity of the radiation-induced systemic inflammation and local elements, including the altered levels of proinflammatory chemokines and factors, and the dysregulated collagen homeostasis in the wounded area. In conclusion, the results from our study indicate a close association between delayed wound healing and the significantly altered pathways in RCI mice. This insightful information may contribute to the evaluation of the prognosis of RCI and development of MCMs for RCI.

Lipid oxidation and protein degradation, along with the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), including N ε -carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), N ε -carboxyethyl-lysine (CEL) and fluorescent AGEs, in raw and subsequently heated surimi products were investigated during freezing-thawing cycles. Lipid oxidation, protein degradation, Schiff base, and AGEs formation constantly increased during freezing-thawing cycles and heat treatment (P < 0.05). Heat-induced increase of AGEs in surimi products was accelerated by freezing-thawing treatment. Formation of CML in one-stage heated (45 °C, 30 min) samples increased from 0.10 ± 0.04 to 0.53 ± 0.11 mg/kg and CEL increased from 0.03 ± 0.32 to 0.92 ± 0.74 mg/kg. In two-stage heated samples (45 °C, 30 min and 90 °C, 20 min), CML increased from 0.86 ± 0.06 to 1.12 ± 0.11 mg/kg and CEL from 1.00 ± 0.34 to 2.11 ± 1.86 mg/kg, during up to 6 freezing-thawing cycles. Formation of fluorescent AGEs derived from heating was also significantly accelerated by freezing-thawing treatment (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis suggested that the chemical synthesis of AGEs in surimi products was promoted by lipid oxidation and protein degradation during freezing-thawing cycles. AGEs formation through Schiff base oxidation likely occurred only under thermal treatment since no relationship was found between Schiff base and AGEs levels in raw surimi products., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Pompe disease is a rare autosomal recessive disease. Acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) deficiency leads to glycogen storage in lysosomes, causing skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle lesions. Pompe disease is progressive, and its severity depends on the age of onset. Classic infantile Pompe disease, the most severe form, is characterized by an age of onset before 12 months. Pompe disease with intrauterine onset has rarely been reported., Case Presentation: The proband was born at a gestational age of 40 weeks and 3 days and admitted to our hospital because of intrauterine cardiac hypertrophy, shortness of breath, and cyanosis until 13 min postnatally. Physical examination at admission revealed poor responsiveness, pale skin, shortness of breath, reduced limb muscle tone, and bilateral pedal edema. The heart sounds were weak, and no heart murmur was heard. Echocardiography showed left (9 mm) and right (5 mm) ventricular hypertrophies. The patient was subjected to non-invasive ventilator-assisted respiration, fluid restriction, diuresis, and metoprolol treatment. Infantile Pompe disease was diagnosed on day 16 with a GAA enzymatic activity of 0.31 µmol/L/h and with the full-penetrance genetic test showing the homozygous gene mutation c.1844G>T(p.Gly615Val). Enzyme replacement therapy was refused by the patient's parents, and the patient died at seven months of age from cardiopulmonary failure., Conclusion: Infants with intrauterine-onset Pompe disease usually have early manifestations of heart disease. Prompt GAA enzymatic activity determination and molecular genetic testing are helpful in aiding the parents' decision and planning the treatment., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

The scenario is very important to smartphone-based pedestrian positioning services. The smartphone is equipped with MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical System) sensors, which have low accuracy. Now, the methods for scenario recognition are mainly machine-learning methods. The recognition rate of a single method is not high. Multi-model fusion can improve recognition accuracy, but it needs to collect many samples, the computational cost is high, and it is heavily dependent on feature selection. Therefore, we designed the DT-BP(decision tree-Bayesian probability) scenario recognition algorithm by introducing the Bayesian state transition model based on experience design in the decision tree. The decision-tree rules and state transition probability assignment methods were respectively designed for smartphone mode and motion mode. We carried out experiments for each scenario and compared them with the methods in the references. The results showed that the method proposed in this paper has a high recognition accuracy, which is equivalent to the accuracy of multi-model machine learning, but it is simpler, easier to implement, requires less computation, and requires fewer samples.

Objective: The study aimed to analyze the effect of hospital-community-family (HCH) nutrition management combined with early exercise nursing on nutrition status and postoperative rehabilitation of patients after gastric cancer surgery., Methods: A total of 80 patients with gastric cancer admitted from January 2019 to June 2021 were selected and divided by the odd-even grouping method into two groups, i.e., 40 cases in the control group adopting routine nursing combined with early exercise nursing and 40 cases in the study group adopting HCH nutrition management; the nutrition status and postoperative rehabilitation of the two groups were compared., Results: The times of feeding, bowel sound, anal exhaust, and defecation in the study group after surgery were shorter than those in the control group, with a difference of statistical significance ( P < 0.05). 3 months after discharge, the scores of Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SAG) in the study group were lower than those in the control group, while the body mass index (BMI), prealbumin, albumin, hemoglobin, and the score of the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) were higher than those of the control group ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Hospital-community-family nutrition management combined with early exercise nursing can improve the postoperative nutrition status of patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery and advance the time of postoperative exhaust and defecation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zengfen Pang et al.)

Structural evolution, digestibility and inhibition on starch digestion of rice glutelin fibril aggregates (RGFAs) as affected by incubation were investigated. Thioflavin T fluorescence intensity of the RGFAs, incubated for 4-day, reached the maximum values, which ranged from 845.00 ± 23.52 to 873.67 ± 50.30. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observed that the samples heated for 2 h (2 h fibril) were self-assembled from small glutelin aggregates and a few protofibrils into mature fibrils, the samples heated for 4-10 h (4-10 h fibril) were elongated into long, branched fibrils, and the longer fibrils of 15 h fibril sample dissociated into short fibrils after 4-day of incubation. Compared to rice glutelin, the RGFAs showed thermal stability and resistance to proteolysis. The fluorescence retention rate of 6 h fibril, after incubation for 4-day, was 8.62 ± 0.61 % after in vitro stomach and pancreas digestion, which was the highest among all of the samples. The RGFAs incubated for 1-day displayed much better inhibition effects on starch digestion. This was the first study to clarify the relationship between incubation and physicochemical/functional properties of protein fibrils, which could help understand the preservation of food protein fibrils and their application., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The use of T cells from healthy donors for allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell cancer therapy is attractive because healthy donor T cells can produce versatile off-the-shelf CAR-T treatments. To maximize safety and durability of allogeneic products, the endogenous T cell receptor and major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are often removed via knockout of T cell receptor beta constant ( TRBC ) (or T cell receptor alpha constant [ TRAC ]) and B2M , respectively. However, gene editing tools (e.g., CRISPR-Cas9) can display poor fidelity, which may result in dangerous off-target mutations. Additionally, many gene editing technologies require T cell activation, resulting in a low percentage of desirable stem cell memory T cells (T SCM ). We characterize an RNA-guided endonuclease, called Cas-CLOVER, consisting of the Clo051 nuclease domain fused with catalytically dead Cas9. In primary T cells from multiple donors, we find that Cas-CLOVER is a high-fidelity site-specific nuclease, with low off-target activity. Notably, Cas-CLOVER yields efficient multiplexed gene editing in resting T cells. In conjunction with the piggyBac transposon for delivery of a CAR transgene against the B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), we produce allogeneic CAR-T cells composed of high percentages of T SCM cells and possessing potent in vivo anti-tumor cytotoxicity., Competing Interests: The authors have competing interests because of current employment, previous employment, stock ownership, and/or the right to exercise stock options with Poseida Therapeutics., (© 2022 Poseida Therapeutics Inc.)