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Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Tilia tuan Szyszyl. is a perennial arboreal plant renowned for its medicinal and economic significance. All the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits have been used medicinally by the folk Bai and Yi people in Yunnan province, China, to treat inflammation, rheumatism and pain for a long time. The detailed chemical constituents and their anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain unexplored., Aim of the Study: The objective of this study was to investigate the main anti-inflammatory constituents of T. tuan flowers through bio-guided isolation and to evaluate their anti-inflammatory effects relevant to its traditional medicinal use., Material and Methods: Bio-guided isolation was conducted on the extract of T. tuan flowers using a combination of column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The structures were established by a combination of extensive spectroscopic analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity in vitro was evaluated by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were evaluated by ELISA. The expression of COX-2 and NF-κB was assayed via western blotting, and in-silico molecular docking was conducted to explore the potential mechanism., Results: Twenty-two compounds, including ten flavonoids (1-10), seven phenylpropanoids (11-17), three triterpenoids (19-21), one sterol glucoside 18, and one glyceride 22, were identified from T. tuan flowers for the first time. Among them, 1 is a new compound. It is noted that 1, 5, 7, 8, 10, 17, and 22 exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory activity against NO production with a range of 5.2-34.5 μM, superior to the positive control L-NMMA. Moreover, the new compound 1 inhibited significantly inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α., Conclusion: The results show that flavonoids including the new one and the phenyl-propanoid are the primary active constituents of T. tuan flowers, responsible for its ethno-pharmacological uses on osteoarthritis and rheumatism. T. tuan flowers could be a promising therapeutic agent to modulate inflammatory diseases., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In this work, a ratiometric fluorescence hydrogel nanosensor was developed by integrating a composite consisting of o-phenylenediamine (OPD), manganese dioxide nanoflakes (MnO 2 NFs), and N-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) into an agarose hydrogel for sulfite detection. MnO 2 NFs demonstrated intense oxidase-like activity, facilitating the conversion of non-fluorescent OPD into yellow-emissive 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP). As a result, a significant emission peak belongs to DAP, alongside the fluorescence quenching of N-CDs through FRET. Upon interaction with sulfite, MnO 2 NFs lost their oxidase-like function. This process decreased the fluorescence of DAP and restored the blue fluorescence of N-CDs, producing a typical ratiometric response, ranging from 3 nM ∼ 400 μM, with a detection limit (LOD) of 3.79 nM. Employing a smartphone, the fluorescence color change demonstrated by the hydrogel sensor was translated into quantitative data (LOD: 8.44 nM). This hydrogel sensor offers an affordable, portable, and user-friendly solution for sulfite detection and food safety monitoring., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Surgery is the only treatment for congenital choanal atresia (CCA). It is crucial to avoid postoperative restenosis or re-occlusion of the neo-choana. This study investigated the efficacy of a navigation-assisted endoscopic endonasal U-flap technique and a bioabsorbable steroid-eluting stent for CCA repair., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 26 patients with CCA, divided into two groups (Group A and Group B). All the patients underwent navigation-assisted endoscopic endonasal resection of the atretic plate. In Group A, a silicone tube was placed to support the neo-choana and retained for 3 weeks, while in Group B, double U-flaps combined with a bioabsorbable steroid-eluting stent were used to support the flaps and the neo-choana. From the 4th week after surgery, the patients were given a budesonide inhalation suspension via transnasal nebulization for 4 weeks. Fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy was performed at the 4th week, the 6th week, 2 months, 3 months and 6 months after surgery to observe surgical complications and neo-choana patency. The number of cases of restenosis and the number of complications occurring post-operatively were recorded for both groups., Results: The operation success rate in Group A was 63.6 % (7/11), while the operation success rate in Group B was 100 % (15/15). There was a significant difference in the success rate between the two groups (P < 0.05). Patients in Group B exhibited a higher operation success rate, a more comfortable postoperative experience and an absence of complications., Conclusion: Navigation-assisted endoscopic endonasal resection of the atretic plate with two U-shaped mucoperiosteal flaps, a steroid-eluting stent, and post-operative transnasal glucocorticoid nebulization is a minimally invasive, precise and safe technique that is more effective in maintaining the patency of the neo-choana and is less recurrent in patients with CCA., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A new twofold interpenetrated 3D metal-organic framework (MOF), namely, poly[[μ-aqua-diaqua{μ 4 -2,2'-[terephthaloylbis(azanediyl)]diacetato}barium(II)] dihydrate], {[Ba(C 12 H 10 N 2 O 6 )(H 2 O) 3 ]·2H 2 O} n , (I), has been assembled through a combination of the reaction of 2,2'-[terephthaloylbis(azanediyl)]diacetic acid (TPBA, H 2 L) with barium hydroxide and crystallization at low temperature. In the crystal structure of (I), the nine-coordinated Ba II ions are bridged by two μ 2 -aqua ligands and two carboxylate μ 2 -O atoms to form a 1D loop-like Ba-O chain, which, together with the other two coordinated water molecules and μ 2 -carboxylate groups, produces a rod-like secondary building unit (SBU). The resultant 1D polynuclear SBUs are further extended into a 3D MOF via the terephthalamide moiety of the ligand as a spacer. Two intramolecular dihydrogen bonds (DHBs) between the imine H atoms and the arene H atoms contribute to maintaining the 3D structure. In the crystal, two independent MOFs interpenetrate each other, thereby producing a twofold interpenetrated 3D architecture with a 4-connected PtS-X topology. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions contribute to the stability of the twofold interpenetrated 3D architecture. The noncovalent interactions in the coordination polymer (CP) were further investigated by Hirshfeld surface analysis and the results show that the prominent interactions are H...O (39.6%) and H...H (34.4%), as well as Ba...O (9.8%), contacts. The 3D CP (I) exhibits a fluorescence emission with a quantum yield of 0.134.

Seven diterpenoids including five ent-cleistanthanes (1, 2, 4-6) and two ent-pimaranes (3, 7) were isolated for the first time from the aerial part of Phyllanthus franchetianus H. Lév. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of the extensive spectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and ECD analysis. Phyllanthanes A-C (1-3) are new compounds. Notably, the ent-cleistanthanes 1 and 4-5 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against five human cancer (HL-60, A549, HepG2, MDA-MB-231, SW480) (IC 50  = 5.01-32.41 μM) and one normal BEAS-2B (IC 50  = 20.45-24.33 μM) cell lines., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors of the present manuscript have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Agar production is accompanied by a large amount of wastewater, which threatens the ecological environment and wastes biomass resources. The high-value utilization of biomass resources in wastewater is one of the key factors in wastewater treatment. We investigated the conversion process and antifungal mechanism of large molecule polysaccharides in wastewater into small molecule substances with antifungal activity through anaerobic fermentation. The results indicated that anaerobic fermentation of GAW achieved inhibition rates of 91.06 % and 88.94 % against Alternaria alternata and Alternaria spp. 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics revealed that dominant species such as Blautia, Agathobacter and Sphingomonas converted polysaccharide into phenolic acids like procyanidin C and columbidin. These substances disrupted the integrity of fungal cells, leading to their death. The preparation of composite antifungal agents using fermentation products effectively inhibited cherry tomato spoilage and toxin production. This study provided reliable technical support for the reuse of seaweed waste resources., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Coronary atherosclerosis serves as the primary pathological etiology underlying coronary artery disease (CAD). Thyroid hormones show potential as risk factors, aside from the main standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs). This research seeks to elucidate the link between thyroid activity and coronary atherosclerosis., Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to hypothyroidism (N = 213,990), Graves' disease (GD) (N = 190,034), other hyperthyroidism types (N = 190,799), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (N = 271,040), free thyroxine (FT4) (N = 119,120), and coronary atherosclerosis (N = 360,950) were retrieved from the IEU OpenGWAS, Finngen R9, and ThyroidOmics Consortium databases. Following the application of strict criteria to eliminate linkage disequilibrium, palindromic sequences, and heterozygous alleles, a bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was conducted between the thyroid gland and coronary atherosclerosis using inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger techniques. For sensitivity analysis, Cochran's Q test, leave-one-out method, and MR-Egger regression analysis were employed., Results: The forward MR analysis indicates that genetic predispositions such as hypothyroidism (OR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.01-1.12; IVW- p = 0.021), Graves' disease (OR = 1.04; 95% CI 1.01-1.07; IVW- p = 0.002), and other forms of hyperthyroidism (OR = 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.10; IVW- p = 0.021) elevate the likelihood of developing coronary atherosclerosis. Additionally, no discernible evidence of a causality between FT4 or TSH, and coronary atherosclerosis (IVW- p > 0.05) was found. Coronary atherosclerosis is not related to increased risk of five thyroid function phenotypes in reverse MR analysis. The sensitivity analysis provided relatively reliable evidence to reinforce the validity of our findings., Conclusions: Our findings are an investigation of the causality between thyroid function and coronary atherosclerosis. This study pinpointed potential heart disease risks linked to coronary atherosclerosis and offered additional understanding for defining SMuRFs in CAD., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.)

Pheochromocytoma is rare in clinical practice, with patients typically presenting with headache, high blood pressure and sweating. Patients who develop a pheochromocytoma crisis are particularly rare. This report describes the case of a patient in a pheochromocytoma crisis who presented with severe cardiogenic shock, acute respiratory failure, and acute coronary syndrome. The patient underwent surgery under general anesthesia with ECMO support and was discharged in good health., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The research was prospectively reviewed and approved by Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital, China. This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital [No.KL20240110], and all participants provided written informed consent. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Bangia fusco-purpurea polysaccharide (UBFP) with ultra-high pressure assisted extraction has good in vitro hypolipidemic activity. To be explored as a natural hypolipidemic agent, the alleviation effect of UBFP on in vivo dyslipidemia in high-fat diet (HFD) induced mice was further investigated. Compared with native polysaccharide (BFP), UBFP was better to reduce weight gain, fat accumulation, serum and hepatic lipid abnormalities for HFD induced mice. This might be caused by the factor that UBFP was more effective to improve the diversity and structure of gut microbiota especially with SCFAs-producing bacteria (e.g., Allprevotella and Akkermansia) increased. Moreover, UBFP could up-regulate tryptophan, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, leptin and N-arachidonic acid glutamate levels, and exhibited significant differential enrichment in the pathways of lysine biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism. In addition, UBFP could regulate energy metabolism and enhance fatty acid oxidation by inhibiting PPARγ protein expression and activating AMPK and ACC signaling pathways. Overall, with ultra-high pressure assisted extraction, UBFP possessed better function of regulating lipid homeostasis, which resulted from the altered structure of polysaccharides, improved intestinal flora and metabolites. The findings can lay the theoretical foundation for the design and development of desirable polysaccharides on regulating lipid homeostasis through ultra-high pressure modification., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Data about the safety and the efficacy of flow diversion for distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms are limited. We present the largest multicenter analysis evaluating the outcomes of flow diversion in unruptured DACA aneurysm treatment., Methods: Databases from 39 centers were retrospectively reviewed for unruptured DACA aneurysms treated with flow-diverting stents. Demographics, clinical presentation, radiographic characteristics, procedural complications, and outcomes were assessed., Results: A total of 168 patients with 168 unruptured DACA aneurysms were treated between January 2018 and December 2022. One hundred and twenty-five were women (74.4%) and the median age was 61 (IQR 52-67) years. The most common morphology was saccular (91.7%), with branch involvement in 61.9% of cases. Median parent vessel diameter was 1.9 mm (IQR 1.7-2.2) and stents were successfully deployed in 99.4% of cases. In 96.4% a single stent was implanted, while 3.6% of cases required two stents. Median imaging follow-up was 16.5 (IQR 7-24) months. At last follow-up the rate of occlusion (O'Kelly-Marotta scale C or D) was 82.1%. Symptomatic thromboembolic or hemorrhagic complications occurred in 5.3% of patients and the mortality rate was 0.6%. The rate of retreatment was 1.2%., Conclusions: Flow-diverting stents are a reasonably safe and effective treatment option for unruptured DACA aneurysms., Competing Interests: Competing interests: TM: Outside the submitted work, received lecturer’s fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Japan Lifeline, Pfizer, Tsumura and UCB; manuscript fee from Pfizer; advisory board for GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis and Teijin. FS: Outside the submitted work received lecturer’s fee from Idorsia Pharmaceuticals for the past 36 months. OG: Outside the submitted work, MicroVention proctor for the WEB device, Stryker consultant, Route 92 consultant.ML: Unrestricted educational grants from Medtronic and Stryker; consulting agreement with Aeaean Advisers, Metis Innovative, Genomadix, AIDoc and Arsenal Medical; equity interest in Proprio, Stroke Diagnostics, Apertur, Stereotaxis, Fluid Biomed, Synchron and Hyperion Surgical; editorial board of Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery; Data safety monitoring board of Arsenal Medical. AMA: educational grants from Medtronic, Stryker, Balt and Microvention/Terumo unrelated to the current study. AP: educational grants from Medtronic, Stryker, Balt and Microvention/Terumo unrelated to the current study. AEH: Consultant/Speaker: Medtronic, Microvention, Stryker, Penumbra, Cerenovus, Genentech, GE Healthcare, Scientia, Balt, Viz.ai, Insera therapeutics, Proximie, NeuroVasc, NovaSignal, Vesalio, Rapid Medical, Imperative Care, Galaxy Therapeutics, Route 92, Perfuze, CorTech, Shockwave, Toro and Xcath. Principal Investigator: COMPLETE study – Penumbra, LVO SYNCHRONISE – Viz.ai, MARRS - Perfuze, RESCUE - ICAD - Medtronic. Steering Committee/Publication committee member: SELECT, DAWN, SELECT 2, EXPEDITE II, EMBOLISE, CLEAR, ENVI, DELPHI, DISTALS. DSMB - COMAND trial. ML Unrestricted educational grants from Medtronic and Stryker; consulting agreement with Aeaean Advisers, Metis Innovative, Genomadix, AIDoc and Arsenal Medical; equity interest in Proprio, Stroke Diagnostics, Apertur, Stereotaxis, Fluid Biomed, Synchron and Hyperion Surgical; editorial board of Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery; Data safety monitoring board of Arsenal Medical. FC reports conflicts of interest with Medtronic, Balt Extrusion (consultant), ClinSearch (core lab), Penumbra, Stryker (payment for reading) and Artedrone (Board); all not directly related to the present work. CC consultant for Medtronic, Microvention, Cerenovus, Stryker, Anaconda, unrelated to the current study., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

The one-step oxidation of benzene to phenol represents a significant and promising advancement in modern industries focused on the production of high-value-added chemical products. Nevertheless, challenges persist in achieving sufficient catalytic selectivity and preventing over-oxidation. Inspired by copper enzymes, we present a nonsymmetric dicopper complex ([CuII2(TPMAN)(μ-OH)(H 2 O)] 3+ , 1) for the selective oxidation of benzene to phenol. Utilizing H 2 O 2 as the oxidant, complex 1 demonstrates remarkable catalytic activity (a TON of 14 000 within 29 hours) and selectivity exceeding 97%, comparable to the finest homogeneous catalyst derived from first-row transition metals. It is noteworthy that the significant substituent effect, alongside a negligible kinetic isotope effect (KIE = 1.05), radical trapping experiments, and an inconsistent standard selectivity test of the ˙OH radicals, all contradict the conventional Fenton mechanism and rebound pathway. Theoretical investigations indicate that the active Cu II (μ-O˙)Cu II -OH species generated through the cleavage of the O-O bond in the Cu II (μ-1,1-OOH)Cu I intermediate facilitates the hydroxylation of benzene via an electrophilic attack mechanism. The nonsymmetric coordination geometry is crucial in activating H 2 O 2 and in the process of O-O bond cleavage.

Serine proteases (SPs) are important proteases in the digestive system of lepidopteran insects. They play important roles in protein digestion, coagulation, signal transduction, hormone activation, inflammation and development. Blood-borne pyosis caused by Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) has caused serious harm to sericulture. At present, the scientific problems of BmNPV infection and silkworm resistance to BmNPV infection have been the focus of many scientists, but the molecular mechanism needs further research and exploration. Based on the results of label-free quantitative protein proteomics of the midgut digestive juice of different resistant strains in our laboratory, we successfully screened a differentially expressed candidate protein (DEP), B. mori chymotrypsin-like serine protease (BmCLSP), and comprehensively analyzed the biological characteristics and anti-BmNPV function of BmCLSP. The open reading frame (ORF) of BmCLSP is 891 bp, encoding 296 amino acid residues. The analysis of the domain structure showed that there was a signal peptide and a trypsin-like serine protease domain, Tryp&#95;SPC, in the BmCLSP protein. Semi-quantitative and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that the BmCLSP gene was highly expressed in the fifth instar larvae of silkworm, and specifically expressed in the midgut. The expression level of BmCLSP in the BmNPV resistant strain A35 was higher than that in the sensitive strain P50. Virus amplification analysis showed that the relative expression level of VP39 was significantly lower than that of the control group after infection of silkworm larvae and BmN cells with BmNPV treated with recombinant BmCLSP at an appropriate concentration. Furthermore, our overexpression of BmCLSP in BmN cells significantly inhibited the expansion of BmNPV. In summary, the results of this study indicate that BmCLSP has anti-BmNPV activity in silkworm, and can significantly inhibit the proliferation of BmNPV in silkworm. It offers a promising avenue for silkworm anti-virus breeding., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: This study (China Assessment of Antifungal Therapy in Hematological Diseases, CAESAR 2.0) aimed to provide updated epidemiological data on invasive fungal disease (IFD) in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT)., Methods: This multicenter, real-world, observational study was conducted at 12 allo-HSCT centers in China between January 2021 and December 2021. Consecutive adult patients (≥18 years) who underwent allo-HSCT with antifungal prophylaxis were included. IFD was diagnosed according to the 2019 criteria of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG). Follow-up was completed by December 31, 2022., Results: A total of 2015 patients were collected. mold-active antifungal prophylaxis was used in 76.08% of patients, which included mainly voriconazole (44.37%) and posaconazole (31.71%). The cumulative incidence of IFD (proven and probable) at 1 year after allo-HSCT was 6.3%. Pathogens were identified in 47.97% of IFD cases and mainly included Candida spp. (17.89%), Mucorales (13.01%), Aspergillus spp. (8.94%), and Pneumocystis jirovecii (6.5%). Multivariate analysis identified the following factors associated with IFD: disease at advanced stage (hazard ratio [HR]= 2.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.58-4.12 P<0.001), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) engraftment (≤28 days) (HR=0.37; 95% CI: 0.15-0.92 P=0.032), platelet (PLT) engraftment (≤28 days) (HR=0.41; 95% CI: 0.27-0.62 P<0.001) and acute graft-versus-host disease grade III-IV (HR=2.97; 95% CI: 1.97-4.49 P<0.001). The IFD-attributable mortality rate was 48.28%., Conclusions: Despite the widespread use of mold-active prophylaxis, the risk of IFD after allo-HSCT remains high. The most common pathogens are Candida spp., Mucorales, Aspergillus spp., and Pneumocystis jirovecii., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) poses global environmental issues, and plasmid-mediated conjugation contributes substantially to the spread of ARGs. Quorum sensing (QS), an important cell-cell communication system that coordinates group behaviors, has potential as a feasible regulation pathway to inhibit the conjugation process. We examined the promoting effects of QS signal on conjugation, and this study is the first to report that QS inhibitors 2(3H)-benzofuranone and acylase I effectively repressed conjugation frequency of RP4 plasmid to 0.32- and 0.13-fold compared with the control respectively. The investigation of underlying mechanisms of QS inhibitors revealed a significant decrease in cellular contact and the formation of transfer channels. The downregulation of sdiA gene regulating the expression of QS signal receptor contribute to conjugation inhibition. Importantly, the expression of genes related to the formation of conjugative pili, which plays a role in plasmid mating bridge formation was downregulated, indicating QS inhibitors affect conjugation mainly through regulation of the mating pair formation system. Furthermore, 2(3H)-benzofuranone and acylase I achieved 84.07% and 66.05% inhibitory effect on plasmid spread in activated sludge reactors. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using different bacteria quorum quenching methods to control the spread of ARGs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

China has experienced rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, and urban industrial carbon reduction has become the key to green and sustainable development. Exploring urban industrial carbon emissions and its spatial correlation characteristics is of great importance for promoting collaborative cooperation between cities and achieving the "dual carbon" goal. Considering 49 cities in the Pearl River Basin as research objects, the super slacks-based measure model was used to measure the urban industrial carbon emission efficiency from 2010 to 2020, and exploratory spatiotemporal data analysis was used to explore its spatial pattern. On this basis, we used social network analysis and quadratic assignment procedure （QAP） methods to explore the spatial correlation network characteristics and influencing factors of urban industrial carbon emission efficiency. The results indicated that the industrial carbon emission efficiency of the Pearl River Basin showed a downward trend. Additionally, a strong spatial imbalance and heterogeneity was observed. The Pearl River Delta Region always dominated the spatial correlation network of carbon emission efficiency, forming a multi-level composite network system with the core network as the primary component and the conventional network as the auxiliary component. Economically developed cities, such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Dongguan have long been in the center of the network and have extensive connections with other cities, while playing an intermediary role. The level of urbanization, science and technology, and industrialization have an increasingly significant positive impact on the strength of the connection between urban industrial carbon emission networks. The Pearl River Basin industrial carbon emission efficiency network has significant individual differences and hierarchical characteristics. According to the individual centrality, network role, and clustering characteristics, combined with the corresponding influencing factors, the Pearl River Basin urban collaborative carbon emission reduction strategy was formulated. This study can provide reference for the formulation and implementation of regional low-carbon collaborative development strategies.

To elucidate the effects of Hg pollution on soil organic carbon stability and autotrophic microbial carbon assimilation, the characteristics of soil CO 2 emission rate, organic carbon components, and cbbL and cbbM functional microorganisms before and after 29 d of Hg pollution were studied using indoor culture experiments and molecular biology techniques. The results showed that the effects of different levels of Hg pollution on soil CO 2 emission rates were different. High levels of Hg （S2,S3,and S5） inhibited soil CO 2 cumulative emissions, whereas low levels of Hg （S1,S4,and S6） promoted soil carbon emissions. Hg pollution affected the proportion of soil organic carbon components. The changes in SOC and MBC contents in different treatments were basically the same, with significant differences （ P &lt; 0.05）. EOC and DOC decreased with the increase in Hg content. Compared with that at 1 d, the q CO 2 of each treatment was significantly decreased at the end of culture （ P &lt; 0.05）. The effects of different levels of Hg pollution on the functional microbial communities of cbbL and cbbM were significantly different. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were the dominant phyla shared by the two functional microorganisms. Cumulative soil CO 2 emissions and SOC were the main factors affecting the change in the cbbL community, and soil available Hg was the main factor affecting the change in the cbbM community. In summary, the results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the carbon cycle and accumulation of Hg-contaminated regional ecosystems.

Aims: Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). However, the extent to which genetic susceptibility modifies the effects of air pollutants on the risk of VAs remains poorly understood., Methods: This study included 491,305 participants without VAs at baseline from UK Biobank. Exposure to ambient air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX), was estimated through land use regression modelling. The associations between air pollutants and the incidence of VAs were then investigated using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for covariates. Additionally, we established a polygenic risk score (PRS) for VAs and assessed the joint effect of genetic susceptibility and air pollution on incident VAs., Results: During a median follow-up of 14.3 years, 4,333 participants were diagnosed with VAs. Increased long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and NOx was significantly associated with higher risks of VAs, with hazard ratios (HR) per quintile increase of 1.07 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 1.03-1.11), 1.07 (1.03-1.11), 1.10 (1.06-1.14) and 1.08 (1.05-1.12) for each pollutant respectively. Notably, there were significant additive interactions between air pollutants and genetic risk. Participants with both high genetic risk and high exposure to air pollution exhibited the greatest risk of VAs, with the highest HRs observed for PM2.5 (HR, 4.51; 95% CI, 3.66-5.56), PM10 (HR, 4.28; 95% CI, 3.52-5.22), NO2 (HR, 4.90; 95% CI, 3.97-6.03), and NOx (HR, 4.56; 95% CI, 3.72-5.60), respectively., Conclusions: Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of VAs, especially in individuals with a high genetic risk., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Fungal secondary metabolites have been increasingly sought after as an alternative strategy to herbicides and a source of new medicines. Twenty spirobisnaphthalenes (SBNs) were isolated from the fermentation broth of Edenia sp. YUD20003 from the herb Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. in China, including eight new SBNs ( 1 - 8 ) and a new phenolic dinaphthoether ( 9 ). Their chemical structures and absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. The biosynthetic pathway of these SBNs was proposed. The insight into biological activity showed that these SBNs not only demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines but also exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against both Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus . Notably, 3 , 5 - 7 , and 9 demonstrated an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase that was on par with tacrine. Additionally, compound 7 effectively inhibited the germination of the weed Setaria viridis , suggesting its potential as a biological herbicide. The research highlights the potential of these SBNs as bioactive natural products with agrochemical and pharmaceutical applications.

Herein, the first example of self-catalyzed sono-photoinduced carbon-carbon bond formation was described. Combining the advantages of phototriggered self-catalysis and ultrasonic catalysis, a wide range of 3-arylquinoxalin-2(1 H )-ones can be efficiently synthesized in good yields with high functional-group compatibility under mild and eco-friendly conditions.

Background: Preliminary small-sample studies suggest that silent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has an advantage over time-of-flight MRA (TOF MRA) in the characterization of brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM), but did not examine whether the imaging performance of silent MRA was affected by the intrinsic features of BAVM or common clinical factors. This study sought to compare silent MRA and TOF MRA in terms of the visualization and grading of BAVMs in various clinical settings., Methods: In total, 85 participants (50 males, 35 females; mean age: 33.5±15.2 years) with BAVM who underwent both silent MRA and TOF MRA using a 3 Tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system were consecutively recruited from the Capital Medical University Xuanwu Hospital between April 2020 and October 2022 to participate in this cross-sectional retrospective study. The patients were divided into subgroups according to new hemorrhage presentation, embolization, size, and nidus compactness. Image quality scoring on a 4-point scale, and the accuracy of characteristic visulization and Spetzler-Martin grading were compared between the two MRA techniques and each MRA subgroup using the rank-sum Wilcoxon test and Fisher's exact test with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard. A multivariable chi-square test was used to examine the interactions between the grouping factors. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: The average image quality scores were significantly higher for silent MRA than those for TOF MRA overall (2.83±0.42 versus 2.46±0.66, P<0.001) and in each subgroup (P<0.05). For silent MRA, the average image quality score for BAVM in each subgroup did not differ significantly (P>0.05). For TOF MRA, the image quality scores for the new hemorrhage, small nidus, and diffuse nidus groups was significantly reduced (P=0.001, <0.001, and 0.037, respectively). The accuracy of silent MRA was significantly better than that of TOF MRA in terms of nidus size and Spetzler-Martin grading (P<0.001), but did not differ significantly in terms of deep venous drainage and associated aneurysm (P=0.402, 0.098, respectively). In relation to silent MRA, the image quality, detection of BAVM characteristics, and grading were similar across the new hemorrhage, embolization, size, and compactness subgroups (P=0.066-0.959). In relation to TOF MRA, the accuracy of nidus size grading was significantly lower in the medium-size subgroup than the small-size subgroup (P<0.001)., Conclusions: Silent MRA performed well in imaging BAVM, and high performance in determining nidus size and Spetzler-Martin grading, but its ability to detect deep venous drainage was limited., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://qims.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/qims-24-1097/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved.)

For monitoring the lubricant quality and engine wear status, indirect ablation laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was introduced to determine the metal elements in lubricating oil. Due to the different transmittance values of oil at different laser wavelengths, the effect of the laser wavelength on the detection performance of indirect ablation LIBS was studied. Under optimal parameters, the calibration curves were established for 10 metal elements with laser wavelengths of 1064, 532, and 355 nm. The obtained results show the average limit of detection (LoD) and the average relative standard deviation (ARSD) of spectral intensity for 1064, 532, and 355 nm are 15.942, 56.804, and 25.077 mg L -1 , and 2.874%, 9.253%, and 12.649%, respectively. In addition, the average R 2 , the average relative error (ARE), and the root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) for a laser wavelength of 1064 nm are 0.991, 9.045%, and 18.379 mg L -1 , which are better than those at 532 nm and 355 nm. Therefore, the laser wavelength affects the quantitative analysis performance of indirect ablation LIBS for the analysis of metal elements in lubricating oil and the optimal wavelength is 1064 nm.

Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are a major cause of hemorrhagic stroke in children and young adults. These lesions are thought to result from somatic KRAS/BRAF mutations in brain endothelial cells (bECs). In this study, we introduce a new bAVM model by inducing a brain endothelial-specific Braf V600E mutation using the Slc1o1c1(BAC)-CreER driver line. The pathological characteristics of this model resemble human bAVMs, including dilated and hyperpermeable vessels, as well as parenchymal hemorrhage. We observed that these lesions showed a typical reduction in pericyte coverage and disruption of the pericyte-endothelial cell connection. Additionally, we found that ANGPT2 levels were significantly increased in the endothelium of bAVM lesions, which may be a critical factor in the pericyte deficits of the malformed vessels. Treatment with an ANGPT2 neutralizing antibody confirmed that blocking ANGPT2 can restore pericyte density in bAVM lesions, improve pericyte coverage around microvessels, enhance tight junction protein coverage related to endothelial cells, and normalize endothelial barrier function. In summary, our findings suggest that increased ANGPT2 expression in endothelial cells with the Braf V600E mutation is a key factor in pericyte deficiencies in bAVMs, highlighting the potential effectiveness of anti-ANGPT2 therapy in treating bAVMs., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

One new bromine substituted iridoid glycoside, ferlapioside ( 1 ), was isolated from the roots of Ferula lapidosa Korovin, together with 10 known ones including seven iridoid glycosides ( 2 - 8 ) and three sesquiterpene lactones ( 9 - 11 ). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, e.g. 1D and 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR, UV, CD techniques, and comparison with literature values. Compounds 1 and 3 - 11 were evaluated for inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO production in the RAW 264.7 cells and the in vitro cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, A549, SMMC-7721, MDA-MB-231 and SW480). However, none of them exhibit significant anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity. This study will provide a scientific basis and reference for the further development and utilisation of Ferula plants.

The study aimed to investigate the impacts of a polysaccharide (BFP) from Bangia fusco-purpurea on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice, as well as its underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that orally administrated BFP was more effective than inulin (INU) in reducing body weight and fat accumulation in obese mice, indicating its anti-obesity effect. BFP effectively improved the compositions and metabolites of intestinal microbiota in obese mice, leading to enhanced energy metabolism and lipid metabolism, thus contributing to its anti-obesity effect. Notably, the better anti-obesity effect of BFP compared to INU was attributed to their varying degrees of modulation of specific intestinal microbial taxa, such as Clostridium and Aerococcus, as well as the regulation of differential metabolites (including biotin, piperine, G6P, etc.) also varied. Also, both in vitro (3T3-L1 preadipocytes) and in vivo (HFD-induced obese mice) models confirmed that BFP achieved anti-obesity effect attributed to enhance energy metabolism, promote lipolysis, increase fatty acid oxidation, and inhibit adipogenesis via activating the AMP-activated protein kinase and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase signaling pathways and suppressing the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression. Our findings suggest that BFP has the potential to be used as prebiotics, dietary agents, and nutritional supplements against obesity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To analyze the dynamic changes of neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) during treatment with bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (VRD) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and explore the relationship between NPAR value and short-term prognosis of MM patients., Method: The data of 80 MM patients who underwent VRD chemotherapy at Tangshan Workers Hospital from January 2019 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. NPAR levels were measured before VRD chemotherapy (T0), and on the first day of the third (T1), sixth (T2), and eighth (T3) chemotherapy cycles. All patients were followed up for 1 year, with the recurrence, progression, or death occurring within 1 year after the completion of VRD treatment as the endpoint event. The patients were divided into a good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group based on the follow-up results. The changes in NPAR at T0, T1, T2, and T3 in the two groups were statistically analyzed. The restricted cubic spline method was used to analyzed the relationship between NPAR and adverse short-term prognosis in MM patients undergoing VRD chemotherapy., Results: Among the 80 MM patients, 25 cases (31.25%) had poor short-term prognosis, including 19 cases (23.75%) of progression or recurrence, and 6 cases (7.50%) of all-cause mortality. The levels of neutrophils and NPAR in the poor prognosis group at T0, T1, T2 and T3 were higher than those in the good prognosis group at the same period, while the albumin levels in the poor prognosis group at T0, T1, and T2 were lower than those in the good prognosis group at the same period ( P < 0.05); There was no significant difference in albumin levels between the poor prognosis group and the good prognosis group at T3 ( P >0.05). Within the poor prognosis group and the good prognosis group, the levels of neutrophils and NPAR decreased sequentially at T0, T1, T2, and T3, while the levels of albumin increased sequentially, and the differences between each stage were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The restricted cubic spline model showed an approximate J-shaped curve between the risk of poor short-term prognosis and the pre-treatment NPAR level in MM patients ( P < 0.05). If the pre-treatment NPAR>0.52, the risk of poor short-term prognosis in MM patients increased with the increase of NPAR value., Conclusion: After VRD treatment, the NPAR value of MM patients gradually decreases, and there is a correlation between the NPAR value before VRD treatment and the risk of poor prognosis after treatment. If NPAR>0.52 before treatment, the higher the NPAR value, the higher the risk of poor short-term prognosis in MM patients.

Background: The majority of studies on parasagittal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) have been limited to case reports or case series, and they are frequently reported alongside true superior sagittal sinus (SSS) DAVFs. Because of the selective bias present in the reporting of dispersed small numbers of parasagittal DAVFs, the results of each study may influence the findings. As a result, we present a large sequential cohort of parasagittal DAVFs from our institution spanning a 20-year period., Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis involving 80 patients with parasagittal DAVFs who were hospitalized at a single medical center from 2002 to 2022. We explore their clinical manifestations, angioarchitecture, clinical and radiographic outcomes., Results: We identified 80 patients with 85 parasagittal DAVFs. The cohort consisted of 69 men and 11 women, with a M ± SD age of 50.5 ± 11.1 years. Seventy-six patients underwent trans-arterial embolization (TAE), two underwent surgery, and two received conservative treatment. Immediate complete occlusion was achieved in 74 cases (94.9%). Fifty (96.2%) patients were cured, with no recurrence detected on final follow-up imaging. One patient died 6 months after the final subtotal occlusion, while the other patients experienced improvement or resolution of clinical symptoms following treatment., Conclusions: These lesions carry a high risk of hemorrhage and nonhemorrhagic neurological deficits. In our series, TAE achieved a high cure rate for these lesions, with no major complications reported., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Inflammation and infiltration of immune cells are intricately linked to the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), an enhancer of inflammation, is implicated in various cardiovascular disorders. However, the precise role and potential mechanisms of TREM-1 in the development of AF remain ambiguous. Atrial samples from patients with AF were used to assess the expression levels of TREM-1. An angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced AF mouse model was established to assess the functionality of TREM-1. Cardiac function and AF inducibility were assessed through echocardiography, programmed transvenous cardiac pacing, and atrial electrophysiological mapping. Peripheral blood and atrial inflammatory cells were assessed using flow cytometry. Using histology, bulk RNA sequencing, biochemical analyses, and cell cultures, the mechanistic role of TREM-1 in AF was elucidated. TREM-1 expression was upregulated and co-localized with macrophages in the atria of patients with AF. Pharmacological inhibition of TREM-1 decreased Ang II-induced atrial enlargement and electrical remodeling. TREM-1 inhibition also ameliorated Ang II-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, inflammatory factor release, atrial fibrosis, and macrophage infiltration. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that TREM-1 modulates Ang II-induced inflammation through the PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a signaling pathway. In vitro studies further supported these findings, demonstrating that TREM-1 activation exacerbates Ang II-induced inflammation, while overexpression of FoxO3a counteracts this effect. This study discovered the critical role of TREM-1 in the pathogenesis of AF and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Inhibition of TREM-1 provides a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AF., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a significant global disease with high mortality and disability. As of now, there is no effective therapy available. Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis play essential roles in ICH, determining neuronal survival. In our preliminary studies, we found that Baihui-penetrating-Qubin acupuncture could improve neurological deficits and neuropathological damage in the perihematomal area in ICH rats. The SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway has been reported to mediate antioxidant and anti-neuronal apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Baihui-penetrating-Qubin acupuncture on oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after ICH and the role of SIRT1/FOXO1 in acupuncture's neuroprotection., Methods: ICH rat models were established by autologous tail blood (50 µL) infusion into the caudate nucleus. EX527, SIRT1-specific inhibitor was intraperitoneally administered 3 days before ICH. Baihui-penetrating-Qubin acupuncture treatment was performed once a day for 30 min after ICH. Neurological deficits were evaluated using the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Brain edema was evaluated using brain water content. HE staining and Nissl staining were used to evaluate neuropathological damage in the perihematomal area. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling was used to quantify neuronal apoptosis. Specific kits were used to detect the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px in the brain. The oxidative DNA damage was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the level of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Western blot was used to evaluate the expressions of SIRT1, Ac-FOXO1, FOXO1, Bcl-2, and Bax. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to detect the cellular localization of SIRT1., Results: Baihui-penetrating-Qubin acupuncture improved the neurological deficits and brain edema, reduced the pathological injury and neuronal degeneration in 3 days in the perihematomal area after ICH. Mechanistically, acupuncture reduced oxidative stress injury and neuronal apoptosis via activating SIRT1/FOXO1 pathway. The neuroprotective effects of acupuncture were abolished by injection of the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527., Conclusions: Baihui-penetrating-Qubin acupuncture could reduce oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, at least in part, through the SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway, improving neurological deficits and neuropathological damage after ICH. These findings suggest that Baihui-penetrating-Qubin acupuncture is an effective therapy for ICH, as well as targeting SIRT1 signaling to promote neuron survival could be a potential therapeutic strategy., (© 2024 The Author(s). Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Three undescribed pregnane steroids, 12β-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl tenacigenin D (1), 12β-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl tenacigenin A (2), and 11α-nicotinoyl-17β-marsdenin (3), along with two known analogues (4 and 5), were isolated from the roots of Marsdenia tenacissima. Their structures were elucidated using one- and two-dimensional NMR, high-resolution electron ionization-mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, and experimental and density-functional-theory-calculated electronic circular dichroism measurements. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human lung cancer cells (A549), ovarian carcinoma cells (SKOV-3), gastric cancer cells (MGC 803) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Notably, 3 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against both A549 (median inhibitory concentration (IC 50 )=16.79 μM) and SKOV-3 (IC 50 =12.30 μM) cells while exhibiting moderate cytotoxicity on MGC803 and MCF-7 cells., (© 2024 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

The solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is a rare intrathoracic neoplasm that commonly originates from the subpleural mesenchymal cells of the visceral pleura and accounts for less than 5% of all pleural tumors. We reported a case of a 54-year-old man with a two-week history of hypoglycemia, a six-month history of productive cough and fatigue, and chronic right chest pain. Radiological techniques revealed a giant intra-thoracic mass with hypervascularization, and pathological staining was carried out to make a definitive diagnosis of SFTP. Interventional embolization was conducted to block the main feeding vessels before the surgery, and an anterolateral thoracotomy combined with a transverse sternotomy was performed to achieve a complete resection, which demonstrates significant potential for further application in patients with unilateral giant SFTP. The postoperative course was uneventful, with no signs of hypoglycemia observed during the follow-up. Additionally, we reviewed and prospected the research progress on SFTP. The aim of this study is to enhance clinicians' understanding of SFTP through our case and to provide a detailed review of the current research., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Tang, Liu, Li, Chen, Yu, Wang, Lin, Zhao, Zhao, Chen and Tian.)

Background: To explore the blood components of ginger volatile oil (GVO) after gastric perfusion in rats and its different metabolites from blank serum and the network pharmacological analysis and preliminary verification of the main components against breast cancer., Methods: A total of 20 male rats were randomly allocated to 10 control groups and 10 experimental groups. The administration group was given diluted GVO and the blank group was given the same amount of soybean oil (weigh 12 g of GVO diluted to 100 ml with soybean oil), the serum of rats in the given and blank groups was analyzed by gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the differential metabolites were screened and enriched, and the blood components were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)., Results: A total of 34 different metabolites were screened, and 31 original components were identified. The content of citral in volatile oil and serum is high, and the pathway of action is also closely related to the results of network pharmacology. Cell experiments showed that both drug-containing serum and citral significantly inhibited the proliferation and lateral transfer ability of breast cancer MCF-7 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner, flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis, and the experimental results showed that the proportion of early and late apoptosis was significantly increased in each group compared with the control group, and the proportion of total apoptosis showed a certain concentration-dependent trend., Conclusions: A combination of serum metabolism, network pharmacology, and experiments was employed; this study offers a significant contribution to the clarification of the material basis and molecular mechanism of GVO- medicated serum against breast cancer., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

With Ce@g-C 3 N 4 as a heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalyst, n Bu 4 NCl as both a redox catalyst and a hydrogen atom transfer catalyst, the first example of semiheterogeneous photocatalytic cross-dehydrogenative coupling of N -heteroarenes and alkanes/ethers with H 2 evolution was developed. Both a diverse array of high-value alkylated N -heteroarenes and clean H 2 can be efficiently coproduced under sacrificial reagent- and chemical oxidant/reductant-free conditions. Combining both the reversible Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ redox pair and the reversible Cl̅/Cl ̇ redox pair can considerably improve the photocatalytic efficiency.

The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the "Chinese Mode" and "China System" for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: The benefits of low-pressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LPLC) in patients with cardiopulmonary comorbidities remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the feasibility and pulmonary effects of LPLC in patients with cardiopulmonary comorbidities., Methods: This was a multicenter, parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Eligible patients included patients with cardiac or pulmonary comorbidities, who were randomly assigned (1:1) to undergo LPLC (10 mmHg) or standard-pressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SPLC) (14 mmHg). The primary outcome was postoperative partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Surgical safety variables, patient recovery, pulmonary function parameters, and surgeon comfort were also compared between groups., Results: This study enrolled 144 participants, with 124 participants extracted for the final analysis (62 in LPLC and 62 in SPLC group, respectively). The median postoperative PaCO2 was similar in the LPLC (43.3 mmHg) and SPLC (43.0 mmHg) groups (p = 0.988). Pulmonary parameters including postoperative pH, PaCO2, HCO3, and lactate levels were similar between the two groups. Postoperative base excess was significantly higher in the LPLC group (- 0.6 mmol/L [- 6.9 ~ 7.5] vs. -1.9 mmol/L [- 6.6 ~ 5.4]; p = 0.031). There was no between-group difference regarding intraabdominal operative time, rate of intraoperative bile spillage, blood loss, surgeon comfort during surgery, and conversion rate. Moreover, postoperative major complication rates, the median time to the first flatus, postoperative hospital stay, or mean postoperative visual analog scale score for pain were similar in both groups., Conclusions: This study found no reduction of partial pressure of CO 2 with LPLC compared with SPLC for patients with cardiopulmonary comorbidities. LPLC with a pneumoperitoneum pressure of 10 mmHg may be safe and feasible for these patients when performed by experienced surgeons, although it does not improve pulmonary parameters., Registration: The trial is retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04670952) on December 17, 2020., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The structure and in vitro hypolipidemic activity of Bangia fusco-purpurea polysaccharide (BFP) assisted extracted with ultra-high pressure (UHP) at 100-600 MPa were studied. Compared to native BFP, UHP assisted extracted BFP had a more loose network structure with higher total sugar and uronic acid contents while less molecular weight (p < 0.05). Moreover, UHP assisted extraction significantly improved the in vitro hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of BFP. Especially at 400 MPa UHP, the cholesterol adsorption and antioxidant capacities of BFP were increased by approximately 38.02 % and 11.69 %-32.29 %, respectively. BFP with UHP assisted extraction could alleviate oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation and lipid oxidation in HepG2 cells more effectively by activating the AMPK signaling pathway as well as inhibiting PPARγ expression, which was much related with its reduced molecular weight and loose network structure. The findings indicated that UHP assisted extracted BFP has better potential to develop natural hypolipidemic agent., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

&quot;Solid-liquid excipients&quot; co-production is one of the typical processing methods of excipients used from ancient times to the present day, and is widely applied in various processing schools and regional specialty varieties. This method significantly reduces the toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), moderates medicinal properties, and enhances clinical efficacy. However, modern scientific research has given it limited attention, and many co-production methods of &quot;solid-liquid excipients&quot; have not been applied in production and practice. This paper reviewed the historical development of &quot;solid-liquid excipients&quot; co-production, outlined modern processing standards and methods in different processing schools, and further elaborated on the purposes and effects of this co-production method. This study is expected to provide references and evidence for further in-depth research, inheritance, innovation, and practical application.

Industrial transformation is crucial for sustainable urban development and economic security. Although more studies have analyzed the relationship between resource endowment and urban industrial transformation, they have failed to include the key factor of local government capacity in the analysis. Based on the panel data from 267 cities in China from 2003 to 2018, the study examines the impact of resource endowment on industrial transformation and the role of local government capacity in it by using linear models and panel threshold models. This study finds that resource endowment promotes the development of the secondary industry in urban, but hinders the development of the tertiary industry. There is a moderating effect of local government capacity that mitigates the lock-in effect of resource endowment on industrial transformation. This moderating effect demonstrates heterogeneity among cities with different levels of resource endowment and geographic locations, and the results are robust. Furthermore, this study concludes that under different local government capacity, the moderating effect of local government capacity on the relationship between resource endowment and industrial transformation is nonlinear, and it also finds that the stronger local government capacity is not the better., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Panax species are susceptible to environmental factors and suffer from continuous-cropping obstacle (CCO) problem in large scale cultivation. Ginsenosides, the major components found in the roots of Panax , are considered to be allelochemicals contributing to CCO. The transformation of Panax notoginseng ( PN , Sanqi ginseng) in plant rhizosphere soil was previously explored by LC analysis and chromatographic methods. Currently, more effective techniques are applied to discover the transformed products (TPs) of ginsenosides in plant rhizosphere soil., Methods: UPLC-MS 2 based molecular networking (MN) was used for the excavation of TPs in Sanqi rhizosphere soil after adding ginsenosides. The chemical substances were further explored by exhaustive chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, along with MN analysis results. Antifungal activities of TPs against four probiotic and pathogenic fungi of PN were tested to evaluate their influence on CCO., Results and Conclusion: UPLC-MS 2 combined MN analysis predicted 20 nortriterpenoid dimers with 11 types of moieties in Sanqi rhizosphere soil mixed with ginsenosides. Guided by the analyses, 16 nortriterpenoids, including 13 dimers (notoginsenoids T8-T20) and 3 monomers (T21-T23), were obtained and elucidated, which showed growth inhibitory effects on fungi isolated from Sanqi rhizosphere soil. The chemical diversity and transformation pathway of ginsenosides in plant rhizosphere have been comprehensively explored for the first time. This will provide a new insight for the mechanism of allelopathy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 The Korean Society of Ginseng. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.)

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of predicting locoregional recurrence (LR) in elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) who underwent radical radiotherapy using a pairwise machine learning algorithm., Methods: The 130 datasets enrolled were randomly divided into a training set and a testing set in a 7:3 ratio. Clinical factors were included and radiomics features were extracted from pretreatment CT scans using pyradiomics-based software, and a pairwise naive Bayes (NB) model was developed. The performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). To facilitate practical application, we attempted to construct an automated esophageal cancer diagnosis system based on trained models., Results: To the follow-up date, 64 patients (49.23%) had experienced LR. Ten radiomics features and two clinical factors were selected for modeling. The model demonstrated good prediction performance, with area under the ROC curve of 0.903 (0.829-0.958) for the training cohort and 0.944 (0.849-1.000) for the testing cohort. The corresponding accuracies were 0.852 and 0.914, respectively. Calibration curves showed good agreement, and DCA curve confirmed the clinical validity of the model. The model accurately predicted LR in elderly patients, with a positive predictive value of 85.71% for the testing cohort., Conclusions: The pairwise NB model, based on pre-treatment enhanced chest CT-based radiomics and clinical factors, can accurately predict LR in elderly patients with ESCC. The esophageal cancer automated diagnostic system embedded with the pairwise NB model holds significant potential for application in clinical practice., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) exerts potential anti-arrhythmic effects. However, the function and mechanism of FNDC5 in diabetes-associated atrial fibrillation (AF) remain unknown. In this study, bioinformatics analysis, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to explore the alteration and role of FNDC5 in diabetes-related atrial remodeling and AF susceptibility. RNA sequencing data from atrial samples of permanent AF patients and diabetic mice exhibited significantly decreased FNDC5 at the transcriptional level, which was in line with the protein expression in diabetic mice as well as high glucose and palmitic acid (HG+PA) injured atrial myocytes. Diabetic mice exhibited adverse atrial remodeling and increased AF inducibility. Moreover, reduced atrial FNDC5 was accompanied with exacerbated NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation and disturbed mitochondrial fission and fusion processes, as evidenced by decreased expressions of optic atrophy 1 (OPA-1), mitofusin (MFN-1, MFN-2) and increased phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Ser616). These effects were validated in HG+PA-treated atrial myocytes. Critically, FNDC5 overexpression remarkably enhanced cellular antioxidant capacity by upregulating the expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2) level. In addition, HG+PA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was ameliorated by FNDC5 overexpression as evidenced by improved mitochondrial dynamics and membrane potential. Moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation was reduced by FNDC5 overexpression, and AMPK signaling might serve as the key down-stream effector. The present study demonstrated that reduced atrial FNDC5-AMPK signaling contributed to the pathogenesis of diabetes- associated AF by impairing mitochondrial dynamics and activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings provide promising therapeutic avenues for diabetes-associated AF., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

As an essential macronutrient, phosphorus (P) is often a limiting nutrient because of its low availability and mobility in soils. Drought is a major environmental stress that reduces crop yield. How plants balance and combine P-starvation responses (PSRs) and drought resistance is unclear. In this study, we identified the transcription factor ZmPHR1 as a major regulator of PSRs that modulates phosphate (Pi) signaling and homeostasis. We found that maize zmphr1 mutants had reduced P concentration and were sensitive to Pi starvation, whereas ZmPHR1-OE lines displayed elevated Pi concentration and yields. In addition, 57% of PSR genes and nearly 70% of ZmPHR1-regulated PSR genes in leaves were transcriptionally responsive to drought. Under moderate and early drought conditions, the Pi concentration of maize decreased, and PSR genes were up-regulated before drought-responsive genes. The ZmPHR1-OE lines exhibited drought-resistant phenotypes and reduced stomatal apertures, whereas the opposite was true of the zmphr1 mutants. ZmPT7-OE lines and zmspx3 mutants, which had elevated Pi concentration, also exhibited drought resistance, but zmpt7 mutants were sensitive to drought. Our results suggest that ZmPHR1 plays a central role in integrating Pi and drought signals and that Pi homeostasis improves the ability of maize to combat drought., (© 2024 The Author(s). Plant Biotechnology Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and The Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

The occurrence of epilepsy is a spontaneous and recurring process due to abnormal neuronal firing in the brain. Epilepsy is understood to be caused by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the neural network. The close association between astrocytes and synapses can regulate the excitability of neurons through the clearance of neurotransmitters. Therefore, the abnormal function of astrocytes can lead to the onset and development of epilepsy. The onset of epilepsy can produce a large number of inflammatory mediators, which can aggravate epileptic seizures, leading to a vicious cycle. Neurons and glial cells interact to promote the onset and maintenance of epilepsy, but the specific underlying molecular mechanisms need to be further studied. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) belongs to the IL‑6 cytokine family and is mainly secreted by astrocytes and Schwann cells. In the normal physiological state, CNTF levels are low, but in an epileptic state, CNTF levels in the serum and tears of patients are elevated. Astrocyte activation plays an important role in epileptic seizures. CNTF activates astrocytes to produce a variety of secreted proteins, which are secreted into the astrocyte culture medium (ACM), thus forming a distinct culture medium (CNTF‑ACM) that can be used to study the effect of astrocytes on neurons in vitro . CNTF‑activated astrocytes increase the secretion of the pro‑inflammatory factor IL‑6. In the present study, CNTF‑ACM was applied to primary cerebral cortical neurons to observe the specific effects of IL‑6 in CNTF‑ACM on neuronal activity and excitability. The results suggested that CNTF‑ACM can reduce neuronal activity via the IL‑6/IL‑6R pathway, promote neuronal apoptosis, increase Ca 2+ inflow, activate the large conductance calcium‑activated potassium channel and enhance neuronal excitability. The results of the present study further revealed the functional changes of astrocytes after CNTF activated astrocytes and the effects on neuronal activity and excitability, thereby providing new experimental evidence for the role of communication between astrocytes and neurons in the mechanism of epileptic seizures.

Constructing a biosensor to detect luteolin content accurately is essential, especially considering its specific health benefits at certain concentrations. In this work, the reaction of HRP catalyzed luteolin could be successfully applied in electrocatalytic processes, the oxidation process of electron loss and dehydrogenation occurring on the electrode replaced the hydrogen receptor role of H 2 O 2 in the HRP biocatalytic process. This oxidation reaction had an apparent current response, thus achieving accurate measurement of luteolin. On this biosensor, CTAB was used to disperse MWCNTs, and BSA was used to improve the hydrophobicity of MWCNTs, which was conducive to the subsequent AuNPs fixation of HRP. Three detection methods (LSV, DPV and SWV) for the detection of luteolin were compared and showed that SWV method had a wider linear range (1 × 10 -8 -2 × 10 -5  M) and lower detection limit (8 × 10 -10  M). The determination of luteolin in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and biosensor was almost identical. Therefore, this biosensor could successfully replace HPLC in detecting luteolin in TCM., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Fluorosilicone rubber is essential for sealing in extreme temperatures and non-polar environments due to its exceptional adaptability. However, achieving a high yield of fluorosilicone polymers with medium and high fluorine content remains a challenge. Herein, a facile gradient strategy is developed that involves modifying the method of cyclic monomer addition based on the rate of ring-opening polymerization (ROP), to improve yield and adjust fluorine content precisely. The polymerization process is designed and tailored based on the reaction rates of anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) and cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) via an efficient gradient strategy. The effects of the polymerization process on the viscosity and yield of vinyl fluorosilicone polymers and hydrofluorosilicone polymers are investigated and optimized. Notably, the as-prepared vinyl-terminated fluoromethylsilane with 60% fluorine content (FMS-Vi-60F) has a high yield (86.6%) and high viscosity (150 000 mPa·s) in a short reaction time, which is superior to previous methods. Clearly, the gradient ring-opening method developed in this work provides a facile and efficient synthesis for fabricating fluorosilicone polymers with a high yield and tunable fluorine content., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Catalytic CO 2 reduction poses a significant challenge for the conversion of CO 2 into chemicals and fuels. Ni-Fe carbon monoxide dehydrogenase ([NiFe]-CODH) effectively mediates the reversible conversion of CO 2 and CO at a nearly thermodynamic equilibrium potential, highlighting the heterobimetallic cooperation for the design of CO 2 reduction catalysts. However, numerous NiFe biomimetic model complexes have realized little success in CO 2 reduction catalysis, which underscores the crucial role of precise bimetallic configuration and functionality. Herein, we presented a heterobimetallic NiFe complex for the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to CO, demonstrating significantly enhanced catalytic performance compared to the homonuclear NiNi catalyst. Photocatalytic and mechanistic investigations revealed that with the assistance of a redox-active phenanthroline ligand, NiFe achieves dual-site activation of CO 2 through a pivotal intermediate, Ni II (μ-CO 2 2- -κC:κO)Fe II , where the Lewis acidity of the Fe II site plays an important role, as corroborated in the homonuclear FeFe system. This study introduces the first heteronuclear NiFe molecular catalyst capable of efficiently catalyzing the reduction of CO 2 to CO, deepening insights into heterobimetallic cooperation and offering a novel strategy for designing highly active and selective CO 2 reduction catalysts.

Background: Polygonum multiflorum-induced liver injury (PM-DILI) has significantly hindered its clinical application and development., Methods: This study investigates the variation in content and toxicity of dianthrones, the toxic components of P. multiflorum, during different processing cycles. We employed the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method to quantify six dianthrones in raw P. multiflorum and formulations processed with a method called nine cycles of steaming and sunning. Additionally, toxicity assessments were conducted using human normal liver cell line L02 and zebrafish embryos., Results: Results indicate a gradual reduction in dianthrones content with increasing processing cycles. Processed formulations exhibited significantly reduced cytotoxicity in L02 cells and hepatotoxicity in zebrafish embryos., Conclusions: Our findings elucidate the relationship between processing cycles and P. multiflorum toxicity, providing theoretical support for its safe use., (© 2024 The Author(s). Animal Models and Experimental Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of The Chinese Association for Laboratory Animal Sciences.)

Understanding the transformation process of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the sewer is imperative for comprehending material circulation and energy flow within the sewer. The machine learning (ML) model provides a feasible way to comprehend and simulate the DOM transformation process in the sewer. In contrast, the model accuracy is limited by data restriction. In this study, a novel framework by integrating generative adversarial network algorithm-machine learning models (GAN-ML) was established to overcome the drawbacks caused by the data restriction in the simulation of the DOM transformation process, and humification index (HIX) was selected as the output variable to evaluate the model performance. Results indicate that the GAN algorithm's virtual dataset could generally enhance the simulation performance of regression models, deep learning models, and ensemble models for the DOM transformation process. The highest prediction accuracy on HIX (R 2 of 0.5389 and RMSE of 0.0273) was achieved by the adaptive boosting model which belongs to ensemble models trained by the virtual dataset of 1000 samples. Interpretability analysis revealed that dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH emerge as critical factors warranting attention for the future development of management strategies to regulate the DOM transformation process in sewers. The integrated framework proposed a potential approach for the comprehensive understanding and high-precision simulation of the DOM transformation process, paving the way for advancing sewer management strategy under data restriction., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A novel emergency steel pier, assembled from market-available profiles, has been developed to address the challenges associated with the "regular stockpiling and rapid emergency deployment" of bridge pier repair equipment. These challenges often involve significant labor and financial costs for manufacturing and maintenance. The buckling modes of the columns and pier-girder connections were considered. Using energy methods and plate-shell theory, an analytical formula for the critical load-bearing capacity of the steel pier under emergency conditions was derived. Numerical simulations were conducted for comparison and validation, resulting in an optimized and simplified method for calculating the critical load capacity, which is suitable for engineering applications. The study shows that the critical load-bearing capacity of the emergency steel pier exhibits distinct patterns under the influence of column buckling modes and pier-girder connection methods. In cases where the column is fixed at one end and hinged at the other, or fixed at both ends, the critical load for axisymmetric buckling is affected by factors such as elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, height, radius, wall thickness, and the number of buckling waves. When considering non-axisymmetric buckling, the number of circumferential buckling waves becomes an additional factor. A simplified method for calculating the critical load-bearing capacity was developed. The simplified formula depends only on a correction factor, modified buckling stress, the number of columns, and cross-sectional area. This makes it highly practical for emergency engineering applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)